types of computer
Contents
1. i Basic English E for Computing B Eric H Glendinning John McEwan dd Basic English for Computing Eric H Glendinning John McEwan OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Table of Contents EVERY DAY USES OF COMPUTERS ee ee ees see see ee se ee ee se ee se ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 3 TYPES CO VAP OU EE OE OE cca eneacsedeceroseseseacestboacenessotaamieancestaeiesoeeeeee 6 PARTS OECONP UIER ese Re ee ee od oe ee De Eg ed oe ae Ee ee 10 KEYBOARD AND MOUSE ee ees see see ees see ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 14 INPUT DEVICES ie ee ee eo ev Ee Ee eo ee ee eee en eee eee ee 17 OUTPUT DEVICES ae eee 20 GRAPHICAL USER INEERIAER oi os ee ee ee spe De ee Ee ed ee 23 NESWORKS ese oa Se EG de AE EG EEEE GE Ee Ee GE 26 WORLD WIDE WEB susse se dee Rek EN be As GE ees Ge seke ee be ER EE ee EG RE eN ed ee 30 STORACE DEVIGES oe En Ge oe oe ie n GO ee ie ee GE Ee EE GEE Ds 34 PROGRAMMING dese idee Pe ed Ge ee Ge N GE GE GE ee Se GE Ge EG Re DE EE Ge ds 38 COMMON ATION ee E a O 41 LANC GBS oa E A EE ee Ee R 45 CAREERS IN COMPUTING ee ese ees see sees see ee se ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 48 EVERY DAY USES OF COMPUTERS Task 1 We use a computer in many different places Which places can you link these document with Sky king Airlines tr NNADLE NOT FMDOF SHEI E Ps on TI war we On HLA ri H 4 ie FO MSl OTIS TSs 9 TA sf SH TAO2. Oversees implementation and testing Software Engineer Designer Produces the programs which control the internal operations of computers Converts the system analyst s specification to a logical series steps Translate these into the appropriate computer language Often compiles programs from libraries or sub programs combining these to make up complete systems program Designs tests and improves programs for computers aided design and manufacture business applications computer networks and games 48 Computer Salesperson Advises potential customers about available hardware and sells equipment to suit individual requirements Discusses computing needs with the client to ensure that a suitable system can be supplied Organize the sale and delivery and If necessary installation and testing May arrange support or training maintenance and consultation Must have sufficient technical knowledge Computer Systems Support Person Systems support people are analyst programmers who are responsible for maintaining updating and modifying the software used by a company Some specialize in software which handles the basic operation of the computers This involves the use of machine codes and specialized low level computer languages Most handle application software May sort out problems encountered by users Solving problems may involves amending an area of code in the software retrieving files and data lost when system crashes and basic knowle
3. Tuning in Task 1 Identify the different communication links between the office desktop in a San Francisco police station and the mainframe in Georgia State police headquarters Choose from this list fiber optic cable 4 microwave transmission 1 2 earth satellite transmission 5 satellite earth transmission 3 telephone wire San Francisco Ya Task 2 Work in Paris try to think of other organizations which use long distance computer communication to exchange information Task 3 Voicemail Study this diagram of a voicemail system Match each picture to the correct caption a The digital message is stored in voice mailbox on desk b The caller dictates the message c When the recipient dials the mailbox the message converted back to 4 analogue signals and delivered in audio form d The message is converted from analogue to digital singles Task 4 Reading Video Conference Study the instructions for using video conference system Try to find this information quickly 1 What do this key do a E b L c B d H 2 Which buttons so you use to a make a call c switch off the picture in picture b adjust the volume d zoom in the out the Near end Camera Ensure Picture Tel Ready is displayed on the monitor Press the Call button A The monitor will prompt you to 1 Make a manual call 2 Re dial the last video numbers 42 3 Place a call from the speed dial menu To select a number from
4. common now because Microcomputer have improved The most common type of computer Smaller cheaper and less powerful than Mainframes and minicomputers Note About the size of a small type writer Less common now because smaller lighter Portables are available About the size of a piece of writing paper The most common type of portable Not quite as a big as notebook Can fit into Jacket pocket Small enough to fit into the palm of one hand Not easy to type with Because of their size Often used as personal organizers Language work comparison Study this comparison of three types of computer Mainframes Minicomputers Microcomputers Size sara Power Iran Cost Inar ar EE We compare things using adjective in two ways 1 We can compare one type of computer with another Minicomputers are bigger than microcomputers Mainframes are more expensive than microcomputer For negative comparison we can say Microcomputers are not as big as minicomputers Microcomputers are not as powerful as mainframe 2 We can compare mainframes to all other types of computer Mainframes are the biggest computers Mainframes are the most powerful computers Mainframes are the most expensive computers With short adjectives big small fast we add er and est faster fastest With longer adjectives powerful expensive we use more less and the most the least before the adjective more powerful the most powerful Reminder these
5. interactive Siren O M A ot N P A E cust El Ni o returns WORLD COMMUNITY Message Board El Ni o winter LU r S w PAP Roan s a ocala oy gy Lustful lizards have to WEATHER eedoack Dite the bullet SPORTS Rece wer for the crocodiles ot the Nehru Zeologreu l Pork SCI TECH SITE SOURCES ecess b over tor the crocodiles of the Nehru Zoological Put TRAVEL Contents itt Mycherales d o city in Andhia Pradesh in southern India STYLE SHOWBIZ F HEALTH CNN Networss EARTH SPECIALS allpolities Ay Quick News ig CNR Almanac Video Vault PAROL Ee SERU EN ESPAROL News Quiz 31 Language work ing forms Study these examples Keeping up with your favorite team is easy on the Web By visiting the site you can pick up the latest news We can often use the ing form of verbs like nouns Browsing the Web is popular Some people like shopping online We use the ing form after prepositions Without leaving home you can visit any country on the Web By clicking on the link you can move to another page Task4 complete each gaps in these sentences with the ing form of an appropriate verb form this list 1 with the latest news on your favorite team is easy on the web 2 One of the most useful feature of the Internet is and email 3 The grandfather father son method is one of your documents 4 Fiber optic cable can be used for computers in a network 5 Search engines are ways of inform
6. latest news and gossip and even chat to other fans 30 around the world As you might expect football fans are well catered for on the web with a mass of information on famous teams league position fixtures and player profiles C Keeping up with your favorite band finding out about exhibitions or simply organizing your TV viewing is easy on the web Major TV companies have their own sites where you can find a wealth of information on TV shows and the activates of your favourite celebrities If you want to find a restaurant see a movie or just visit a new bar you will find the internet a great resource D You can study for school or college and even obtain a degree using the internet Universities from around the world have sites and some offer on line courses Most schools now have an internet connection and many schoolchildren use it for research and for keeping in touch with School abroad Children can also visit special online exhibitions created by world famous museums Task 3 Look at this page from the CNN website It contains a number of links labeled a h Find the links which enable you to 1 get the story behind the headline in full post your own message about current events search previous news stories for any reference you want interact with other readers live using your keyboard see the advertisement Change to Spanish see the news in brief watch videos of news stories CW CON OV UI AU N
7. make a password more difficult to guess Passwords should 1 be at least 6 characters long 2 have a mixture of numbers and letters 3 have a mixture of capital and small letters 4 be easy to remember Passwords should not 5 be a word from a dictionary 6 be a common name 7 include spaces hyphens dots or symbols with a special meaning in computing e g etc 29 THE WORLD WIDE WEB Reading Webpages Task 1 Study these simple WebPages Classify them as 1 news 2 Sport 3 entertainment 4 education 7 New creatures emerging from the doep wa j mee Nam gt sete ed oe 5 m ra b oe personal ET EER EER SE CHAMPIONS me NA Perd hede Mer all om dae op Snes TT Sines rettete i ever gt a mmm gt Ty nes Task 2 Now match each webpage to the correct text A Offering unparalleled access to world news and current affairs the internet lets you keep up with the latest stories as they happen Newspapers from around the world are available online and TV news services such as CNN Cable News Network and Sky TV offer excellent coverage There are even special internet news sites including some designed for children B Whatever your favorite sport it is likely to have at least one devoted fan who has prepared a website dedicated to it By visiting the site you can pick up the
8. two exceptions Good better the best bad worse the worst Task 4 Choose the correct adjective Then fill the gaps with the correct from of the adjective 1 Nght heavy Laptop are __ than desktop computers but than notebooks 2 large small The mainframe is the _ type of computer A minicomputer is than a microcomputer 3 common good Personal computers are _ than mainframes computer but mainframes are than personal computer at processing very amount large of data 4 powerful expensive Minicomputer are __ than mainframes but they are also 5 fast cheap New computers are and sometimes ___ than older machines 6 powerful expensive Laptops are often ___ than PCs but they are notas __ Aids to communications Here are some phrases to use when agreeing and disagreeing with someone A I think The best computer for a iS B I agree I think so too C I disagree I don t think so Writing Task 5 Put the words in brackets into the correct from to make accurate description of size of computers There are different types of computer The arge _ and powerful are mainframes computer Minicomputers are smal than mainframes but are still very powerful Microcomputers are small enough to sit on a desk They are the common type of computer They are usually powerfu __ than minicomputers Portable computers are smal __ than desktops The arge __ ___ portable is a laptop smal _ portables ab
9. MER ON CUSTOMER SUBTOTAL PAGE BREAK e AsO END X INPUT Y b 10101001 01000010 00010100 FOR XATTO 3 11101110 11111111 BN eaa Aeey C REPORT THE BASE SALARIES mov al 0 PRINT A BROKEN DOWN BY REGION push cs NEXT X FOR MANAGERS IN ENGLAND pop ds END Task 2 Here is a list of language types used by programmers ranked from natural human at the top to machine code at the bottom Can you match any of the samples in Task1 to this list 1 Natural language 4 Assembly language 2 Very high level languages 5 Machine code 3 High level languages Reading Computing Language Task 3 Work in group in three Read two of the text about computing languages and make notes in the table on page 44 Then exchange information about other texts with other students in group C was developed from the C language It was designed as a system programming language feathers that make it easy to control to computer hardware efficiency It was used to produce the Microsoft Windows operating system It is portable i e programs written in C can be easily adapted for use on many different types of computer systems 45 HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language It is a page description language used for creating web pages HTNL uses a system tags to make page links and formatting For example the tag lt u gt tells the program to start underlining a text Although programs cannot be created using HTML small programs can be embedded in HTML code using a scri
10. T 143 5565493963022 3 mL TT EE A Task 2 In group make a list of other places where can find computer documents Try to say what the document are and what they are used for Reading Computer in Everyday Life Task3 Tick the computer uses mentioned in the following article C Home C Art C Hospital C Banking C Engineering Libraries C shopping Film making C Television advertisement school Computers are part of our everyday life They have an effect on almost everything you do When you buy groceries at a Supermarket a computer used with laser and barcode technology to scan the price of each item and present a total Barcoding items clothes food and book requires a computer to generate the barcode labels and maintainer the inventory Most television advertisements and many films use graphics produce by a computer In hospitals beside terminals connected to the hospitals main computer allow doctors to type the order for blood tests and schedule operations Banks uses the computers to look after their customers money In libraries and bookshop computer can help you to find the book you want as quickly as possible Language work Article Study these nouns a supermarket technology acomputer money Supermarket and computer are countable nouns We say supermarket and supermarkets Technology and money are uncountable nouns Study this paragraph Computers have many uses In shop a computer scans the price of each ite
11. TERFACE Task 1 A Graphical User Interface GUI makes computer easier to use A GUI icons Icons are pictures which present program folder and files You can identify any of these icons A 2 Il AO D OO i Task 2 Find the icons for the software which controls these item 1 Data and time 3 Fonts 5 A modem 2 The mouse 4 The keyboard 6 Sounds Task3 Here are steps for using this dialog box Put them in the correct order a Enter name location and text required c Choose tab b Press Find Now command button d Open dialog box A fiad i ee ee ee File Edit View Options kisha Namo amp Location Date ninos E O ET Narrad oos Containing text spor di New Search Look im T Ce Personal a A ay Include sub olders Browse 23 Task 4 Study this screen display Can you find these items 1 a window 2 an icon 3 a pointer 4 amenu VEE EKS AAR AKA OE EN KOOK EER EE ON EE N N Microtask dacumenl 1 gt b as a o al Ta Ma dr vat A EE sr Inama 8 8 l TREE a i i i i Br os na e u Ony AnA a N ee x e amp E ER N gt Rd 4 Simisisieh See gp ee Onn eae Id ry s Paget Sel A wo o EED DO DEER ANE GR Ge TM 7 e N Reading Task 5 Find definitions in the text of these items 1 menu 3 window 5 pointer 2 interface 4 Activewindow 6 icon Most computers have a Graphica
12. and phrases used in this way are however contrast therefore result and for this reason result Magnetic tape is cheap However it is slow to use Magnetic tape is slow Therefore we use it only for backups Magnetic tape is slow For this reason we use it only for backups Task5 Fil in the gaps in this summary of storage devices using the correct word from this list but however because so therefore for this reason cannot use them to transfer data You can transfer data with removable hard disks 4 they are expensive CD ROM disks can hold quite large amounts of data _5 _ they are usually read only 6 you cannot change the information on them Magneto optical disks are like CD ROMs 7 _ __ you can write data on to them They are removable and large capacities 8 they expensive and do not conform to a standard 9 they are not very common Magnetic tape is cheap and has a large capacity 10 itdose not allow random access and drives are slow jist is only suitable for backups 36 Problem solving Task6 Study this description one method of backing up your files Work in pairs to complete the label and answer the questions Establishing a comprehensive backup regime Buy 10 tapes and label them Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 1 Friday 2 Friday 3 Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 For the first week back up everything on each day to the appropriately named tape and on Friday use Friday 1 in week 2 do the
13. ation on the Web 6 a keyboard is the commonest way of data into a computer audio and video attachments is possible with email a programmer means a number of programming languages The White Pages are for email address 0 an option in a menu is easy with a mouse Hi O oN 32 Task 5 Try to answer these questions using an ing form Example How do you draw pictures on a computer By using a graphics package How do you 1 find a website 2 select an option on a menu 3 move rapidly through a document 4 return to your starting page on the Web 5 store favorite sites 6 share ideas with other Internet users on a subject you re interested in 7 increase the speed of your computer 8 send voice and text messages to other Internet users 9 end a search onthe Web 10 move the cursor round the screen Problem solving Task 6 Work in pairs Decide which of the sites a j to visit in order to find information on the following topics 1 10 a www admarket com 2 b www bubble com webstars 3 c www buildacard com 4 d www carlounge com 5 Advertising on the Web e www encenter com ski 6 Books on sport f www peteat co uk 7 g 8 h 9 i 1 J 1 The latest scientific developments Caring for your cat Calculating your tax New cars Sending a virtual greeting card www moneyworld co uk Economic data on Bulgaria Your horoscope O Ski conditions in Europe www newscientist com www thebookplace com www worldbank
14. cal You can think of Delphi as a kind of Visual Pascal Like Visual Basic it is often used for general purpose programs Language Associated Type of Use language Language C AE i HTML J S Java Ee JavaScript Visual Basie Delphi 46 Task 4 Now read the texts again and answer these questions about special of the languages Which language uses a system of tags Which languages are designed to be used inside webpages Which language was used to write the Windows operating system What is a portable language Which language can have small programs embedded in it using JavaScript What does HTML stand for Which languages can only be used in the windows operating system Which language cannot be used for writing program CON MU ABU N FE Language work Reporting screen messages Study these examples of screen MeCSSHLES Note how we report them Please enter a number lt requests you to enter a number Type 999 to indicate end of data It tells you to type 999 to indicate the end of the data Do not attempt to log on It tells you not to attempt to log on Printer oul of paper It informs you that the printer is out of paper Study these examples of screen messages Note how we report them Do you want to exit Y N It asks you if you want to exit What ts your password lt asks you what your password is How many copies do you It asks you how many copies you want to print want to print Task 5 Report
15. d the memory Don t touch the contacts Languages work Making instructions Note how we make simple instructions in English Add the memory Don t touch the contact We can show the order of instructions by numbering them 1 2 3 ect Or by using sequence of word like these First Thert Nex After that Finally Task5 Study these instruction for virus checking a disk Fill in the gaps with verbs from this list Use Don t where appropriate click exit put select start 1 the disk into the drive 2 the virus checking program 12 the drive to be checked the find button the program until the check is complete Yes or No for checking another disk OU B OW Task 6 Study these instructions for formatting a disk in Microsoft Windows Write the instructions in the correct order 1 6 using sequence words You will have to use one of the words more than once a Select OK to start formatting the disk b Choose Format from the drop down menu c Click the Start button d 1 Put the disk into the drive e Choose the formatting option you require f Click the OK button when formatting is complete Problem solving Task 7 Work in pairs Study this diagram It shows the ports at the back of the desktop PC With the help of the test below match these labels to the correct ports 1 keyboard 2 parallel port 3 serial port 4COM1 5 video port U Fo gt ee NARE ye
16. dge of hardware Computer Systems Analyst Programmer Creates the software programs used by computers May specialize in the internal operating systems using low level computer language or in applications programs May specialize in one aspects of the work of the work e g programming systems design systems analysis or cover them all May support the system through advice and training providing user manual and by helping users with any problems that arise Hardware Engineer Researchers designs and develop computers or a parts of computers and the computerized elements of appliances machine and vehicles Also involved in their manufacture installation and testing May specialize in different areas research and development design manufacturing Has to be aware of cost efficiency safety and environmental factors as well as engineering aspects Network Support Person Maintains the link between PCs and workstations connected in a network Uses telecommunications software and electronic skills and knowledge of the networking software to locate and correct faults This may involve work to controlling software on the wiring printed circuit boards software or microchips on a file server or on cables either within or outside the building Task 4 Exchange information with other students in your group 49 Language Work Study some of reguirements for the job of Computer Network Support Person Essential 1 Diploma in computi
17. each of these screen massages Make sure printer is switched on before continuing System halted Press any key to continue Please type next number Do not proceed Please choose from menu below Non system disk in drive a Paper jam CON OU BR W N e 47 14 CAREERS IN COMPUTING Tuning in Task 1 Works in groups List some of the jobs you know in computing Compare your lists with others students in the class Task 2 Which of the jobs listed would you like to make your career Explain why to others in your group Reading Computing Jobs Task 3 Work in groups of three A B and C Read these descriptions of jobs in computing and make notes about the main responsibilities Example System Analyst Studies methods of working within an organization to decide how tasks can be done efficiency by computers Makes a detailed analysis of the employer s requirements and work patterns to prepare a report on different options for using information technology This may involve consideration of hardware as well as software Eithers uses standard computer packages or writes a specification for programmers to adapt existing software or to prepare new software May oversee the implementation and testing of a system and acts as a link between the user and the programmer Jobs Main responsibility System analyst Studies employer s requirements and work patterns reports on different options Writes specifications for programmers
18. ed to upgrade their knowledge of English in a professional context It is designed for use in universities colleges and technica schools and on company training programmes Student s Book There are twenty eight topic based units covering a range of key areas from computer uses and applications through input and output devices networks the Internet multimedia programming and work issues through to future trends in the computing sector Six additional interview units focus on six ditterent jobs in the sector from computing student to systems manager Key language and vocabulary are presented via g range of authentic contexts The course aims to develop al four skills with special emphasis on those which will be of practical use in professional situations Cassette The cassette includes the dialogues and listening passages from all the units Teachers Book The Teacher s Book contains unit by unil teaching notes including a technical introduction to each topic answers to the tasks and exercises and the tapescripts of all listaning tasks O gt 6 FO SB UNIVERSITY PRESS SON O 19 457395 4 IN i l B0194 5 73962 f GO WIVI OUP com
19. ements she should make Example I think you should use a chair with back support It s more comfortable 21 Problem solving Task 4 Work in pairs Study this flowchart for choosing a printer Decide which is the best kind of printer for these users Someone who needs to 1 print forms with two parts 2 print high quality black and white copies 3 print a lot of colour photos in a short times 4 print a few copies color and speed are not important 5 print a few pages in color To choose Do you need to print YES Buy a dot a printer on multi part forms matrix printer NO Do you need to VES Do you need YES Buy a colour print in colour a fast printer laser printer NO NO Are print speed or Buy a colour quality important inkjet printer NO YES Buy a mono Buy a mono inkjet printer laser printer Writing Task 5 Fill the gaps in this comparison of printers There are three types of printer dot matrix inkjet and laser Dot matrix printers are the ___ kind of printer _ there print quality is low and they are slow and ___ There are to run Inkjets are _ ____ expensive but you get auality and quieter operation However they are relatively and also__ to run They are a good choice for color Laser printers give the __ quality of output They print _ than either of the other two of printer and they cost __ to run than inkjet Unfortunately they almost twice as _ _ asan inkjet 22 GRAPHICAL USER IN
20. ent requests action records of a suspect If we want to make the action more important than the agent or if it is very clear who or what the agent is We can say Records of a suspect are requested This is the present passive form We make this using is or are plus the ed form of the verb requested transmitted relayed With irregular verbs we use the irregular past participle from sent given and spoken 43 Task 5 Fill in the gaps in these sentences They describe how the police send a request from San Francisco to Savannah Use the passive form of these verbs relay request send transmit 1 Records of a suspect l 2 The message to a local microwave station 3 The request ie to the nearest earth satellite station 4 The message to a Satellite in space 5 The message back to an earth satellite station ed N ee to a microwave station Zito o via the telephone lines to the headquarters computer Task 6 Now describe how the records are sent from Savannah to San Francisco Task 7 Works in Paris Students in another country want to study the same computing course as yours without coming to your country What communications links could your college or university use to make this possible 44 13 LANGUAGES Tuning in Task 1 Study these sample sections of programs Rank them from 1 easiest to understand to 5 most difficult to understand a TABLE FILE SALES SUM UNITS BY MONTH BY CUSTO
21. exchange information with the others in your group to complete two similar tables Type of error Detinition Example Ways to avoid or deal DEMPERE AA N ES with this kind of error System errors affect the computer or its peripherals For example you might have written a program which needs access to a printer If there is no printer present when you run the program the computer will produce a system error message Sometimes a system error makes the computer stop working altogether and you will have to restart the computer A sensible way of avoiding system errors is to write code to check that peripherals are present before any data is sent to it Then the computer would warn you by a simple message on the screen like printer is not ready or available Syntax errors are mistakes in the programming language like typing PRNIT instead of PRINT Syntax errors cause the program to fail Some translator programs won t accept any line that has syntax errors Some only report a syntax error when they run the program Some languages also contain special commands such as debug which will report structural errors in a program The programming manual for the particular language you re using will give details of what each error message means Logic errors are much more difficult to detect than syntax errors This is because a program containing logic errors will run but it won t work properly For example you might write a program t
22. ilu oa On screen Taka photographs to computer s Wab page prosamtauon Film cameras Put filer Take Take film to Wait for Collect Aim in Camera photographs Toke val Processus Processing trom processor film aS ze Compile On screen Nataka unsuitable Web page presentation picturas 19 OUTPUT DEVICES Task 1 Think about a typical workstations Match the item 1 7 to the guidelines a e 1 keyboard 4 copyholder 7 printer 2 monitor screen 5 chair 3 lamp 6 footrest This should be adjustable and provide good back support This should be more than a meter away from you and as duit possible Keep this level with your eyes Don t have it level with the desk Make sure it is flicker free and that you can read everything easily Avoid any glare from the window Use this if your feet do not rest flat on the floor Make sure this lights your work and not the screen Don t get a stiff neck Use them when you enter a lot of data Keep this directly in front of you and within easy reach OO W O ht Q Reading Task 2 Kinds of printers Laser printers Produce high print quality at high speed There are called Laser printer due to the fact that contain a small laser within them There is a wide range of laser printer manufactures and one buzzword to be aware of is postscript a type of printer which designed to give very high quality reproduction of pictures Inkjet printers Work by using tiny jets to sp
23. l User Interface The interface is the connection between the user and the computer The most common type of GUI uses a WIMP system WIMP stands for Window Icon Menu or Mouse Pointer or Pull down Pop up menu Windows A window is an area of the computer screen where you can see the contents of a folder a file or amp program Some systems allow several windows on the screen at the same time and windows cen overlap each other The window on the top is the one which is active the one in use icons are small pictures on the screen They represent programs folders or files For example the Recycle Bin icon represents a program for deleting and restoring files Most systems have a special area of the screen on which icons appear Menus give the user a list of choices You operate the menu by pressing and releasing one or more buttons on the mouse The pointer is the arrow you use to select icons or to choose options from a menu You move the pointer across the screen with the mouse Then you click a button on the mouse to use the object selected by the pointer 24 Writing Task 6 Write a description of the Exit Window dialog box Your description should answer these questions ee l Q This will and your Windows session Cancer What does this computer screen show What do you use this dialog box for What features does the dialog box contain What happens if you click on each button N WN Hi Problem
24. letters Specking Task 5 Match these symbols with their names to complete this table a b cn d e f Symbol Name Symbol Name colon forward slash _ tilde te sat underscore dot stop 16 INPUT DEVICES Task 1 Match these Pictures of input devices with their names Joystick Barcode Reader Graphics tablet Digital Camera Tracker ball Scanner Touch screen Microphone Task 2 In pairs try to list uses of these devices Reading Task3 Study this diagram It shows how voice input works Label the steps in the process with these captions a e S h recogrmtiian 5 6G O a The computer compares the binary code with it stored vocabulary b The uses says a word into a microphone c The screen displays the correct word d The speech recognition board converts the singles into binary numbers e The microphone converts the word from audio singles into electronic singles 17 Language Work Function We can describe the function or the use or of a device in different ways Study these example Joystick are used in a computer games Using a scanner you can input printed drawings directly into a computer You can use a scanner to input text A microphone is used for inputting sound Task 4 Match each device 1 7 with its use a g Device Use 1 joystick a adraw pictures on to a computer screen 2 light pen b copy document s 3 scanner c input sounds 4 digital camera d input text 5 mou
25. m The computer calculates the total cost of all the items We use a plural nouns with no article or an uncountable noun when we talk about things in general Computer have many uses Information technology is popular We say a an when we mention a countable noun for the first time In shops a computer scans the price of each items When we mention the same noun again we use the The computer calculates the total costs We use the with countable and uncountable nouns to refer to Specific things The price of each items The total cost of all the item The speed of the computer Problem solving Task 4 study this screens Each show program used by different occupation 1 Who use this program 3 whatdid they use before computers 2 What do they use it for 4 how the computer make their work easier EEN 7 T TEE di Peyo Pew Jum Tel i teie 9 Oger et wes ae tt EIE vy ET moti MIES UEN AE EE Maeda Pe dad de od n Aai EE ioa _ Sires hele det Eh ae wee Oe DER BP gas A gr i j E j r a i5 s OPEET rrewtang from he Maprani t ra tram rpi Ii pa Fiw Pa 2078 n ONT O00 a 1 re fa aD n a MAN Sw PRES ONS h WENS DAG aa Ien MANTE N T FS a IOL PELA uses dY i he DORN ADT fo ss MERE ARE ih oO a iai i Yy i aa Had amp oom Bry d cote N beet oben te one toet ewamete Mol vaas oar des n langer w Fe i gt i Dalada ti i Aarara Diapiay from FINBUrgh U
26. ng or telecommunications engineering Good communication skills to discuss requirement with users Deductive ability for analyzing faults Able to work quickly under pressure Normal color vision to follow color coding wires Desirable 6 Interest in technology to keep up with new developments 7 Physically fit for lifting carrying and bending We can describe the essential requirements like this They must havea diplomain computing or telecommunications engineering They must have normal color vision We can describe the desirable requirements like this They should have an interest in technology They should be physically fit Task 5 Study these requirements for a Computer Technical Salesperson Decide which are essential and which are desirable Then descript each requirement using must have be or should have be a certificate or diploma in computing experience in the computer industry able to put technical ideas into everyday language able to persuade and negotiate a qualification in marketing a thorough understanding of the product a driving license A high level of communication skills patient persistent and diplomatic 10 able to work away from home O OO N OU BU N e 50 Cover photograph Stuart Hunter Degut Af Basic English for Computing This course is intended for both students of computing and those working in the computing sector It is suitable for learners al elementary to pre intermediate level who ne
27. nie reid ij Iray tam setes Reson 14 ul 42 hr seach ala da Pract English Unage Sew Batioom Michael Swan Task 5 Now fill the gaps in this paragraph a bout computer uses Computers are now parts of our everyday In shops they In factories they In they look after recorders and medicines When we have a bank account a computer In our homes computer TYPES OF COMPUTER Task 1 Match these names to the different types of computer 1 Mainframe 3 Notebook 5 PC 2 Laptop 4 Handheld 6 Minicomputer g Task 2 How use this types of computer Where do they use them Make a list Reading types of computer Task 3 study these details of different types of computer Find an answers to these questions Which type of computer is The most common Small enough for a pocket The most common portable Used by many people at the same time Used like mainframes Also called a handheld computer The most powerful Not suitable for a lot of typing CON OO UI BR WN Fe Types of computer Mainframes Minicomputer Microcomputer or PC Personal Computer Types of portable Laptop Notebook Subnotebook Handheld or Palmtop Note Large powerful expensive Multi user systems used by many people at The same time Used for processing very large amount of Data the most powerful mainframes called Supercomputer Used like mainframe Not as big powerful or expensive Mainframe less
28. o clear the screen and then print hello Here is a code for this 10 Message 30 CLS 20 PRINT Hello 40 END The code has a logic error in it but the syntax is right so it will run You can get rid of logic errors from simple programs by hand testing them or doing a dry run which means working through each line of the program on paper to make sure it does what you want it to do You should do this long before you type in the code 39 Task 5 Match these problems and solutions Link them following the examples above Problems Solutions l connect a computer to a a write code to check a peripheral telephone line is present before any data is sent 2 identify items for pricing b use the debug command 3 add extra facilities to a computer c add more memory 4 get more file storage space d format the disk 5 find syntax errors e use a removable disk 6 avoid marking the surface of a CD ROM f install an expansion card 7 improve the speed of your computer g install a modem 8 avoid system errors h fit a bigger hard disk 9 prepare a new disk for use i use barcode labels 10 transfer information between j hold it by the edges computers Problem solving Task 6 Draw a flowchart for one of these activities Then compare your completed flowchart with other students in your group using a payphone e planning a holiday choosing a new computer preparing for an important exam 40 12 COMMUNICATIONS
29. omputers within a limited area within a department an office or a building These are called Local Area Networks or LANs But networks can link computers across the world so you can share information with someone on the other side of the world as easily as sharing with a person at the next desk When networks are linked together in this way they are called Wide Area Networks or WANs Networks increase productivity by allowing workers to share information easily without printing copying telephoning or posting They also save money by sharing peripherals such as printers Task 5 With the help of the diagram on this page and the text above identify these hardware components of the network 1 Most networks have at least one central computer which all the desktop computers connect to This is the most important computer on your network It stores the data files and application software programs that the users need to access or share with others 2 o This is the desktop computer or notebook computer on your desk It is linked to the server and can access files and applications on it Each computer on the network has a device called a network interface card which connects the computer to the network Many computers come with these card fitted as standard 3 Once you have a network you can share any number of these including printers scanners CD ROM drive and backup drive 21 4 Desktop typically connect via telephone type cabling to
30. org 33 10 STORAGE DEVICES Tuning in Task 1 Study these rules for CD ROM and floppy disk care Tick VY things to do and cross X things not to do Then compare your choice with a partner Hold a CD ROM by the edges Keep the optical silver side of a CD ROM clean Smoke when you use tour CD ROM drive Put floppy disks near a magnet Keep disks away from the sun and excessive heat Write the contents on the label on your floppy disk Put extra labels on floppy disks Remove by force a disk stuck in the drive Remove a disk when the drive light is on WOON AU RWN H SES ESE EE EE N Ne as a a as a a as Task 2 Hard disk drive 1 drive motor G 2 sealed case 3 disks 4 read write heads 5 head motor 6 gap between disks Reading Storage devices Task3 There are many different kind of storage device for computer and developments are taking place all the time List the storage devices mentioned in this unit so far List any other storage devices you Know 34 Task4 Work in groups of three Read two texts each and complete your sections of the table Medium Adva ntages disadva ntages Floppy disk Fixed hard disk Removable hard disk CD ROM disk Magneto optical disk Magnetic tape A Most computers use floppy disks Floppies conform to a standard and you can use them to carry data from one place to another They are also very cheap but they are slow and have a limi
31. out the size of piece of writing paper are called notebook computers Subnotebooks are smal _ than notebooks You can hold the smal computers in one hand They are called hand held computers or palmtop computers PARTS OF COMPUTER Task 1 Work in pairs Study this diagram of the inside of a computer You can label these component p al 1 Hard disk drive 5 Processor 2 Motherboard 6 Speaker 3 Memory Chips 7 Expansion card 4 Power supply 8 Floppy drive 10 Reading The Mother board Task 2 Study this diagram of a PC motherboard Match the components to their description CPU Expansion slots Cache memory 1 These are memory chips The more you have the more work you can do at a time Empty memory slots mean you can add more memory 2 This is the brine of the computer 3 It s a part of the memory store It has extremely fast access It s faster than normal RAM It can speed up the computer 4 These let you add feature such as sounds or a modem to your computer 5 This kind of memory contains all the instructions your computer needs to activate itself when you switch on Unlike RAM it s contents are retained when you switch off 11 Task 4 Study these instructions for replacing the motherboard in a PC Match the instruction of each picture The pictures are in the correct order a Add the processor b Fitthe new motherboard c Kemove the old motherboard d Pul it back together Ad
32. pting language like JavaScript Java is a programming language originally designed for programming small electronic devices such as mobile phones It can run unchanged on any Operating system that has a Java Interpreter program Java is used for writing programs for the World Wide Web JavaScript is a simplified form of the Java language It is powerful and easy to use Scripts are small programs that can be used to perform simple tasks or tie other programs together JavaScript is designed for use inside webpages It can enable webpage to respond to a mouse click or input on a form It can also provide a way of moving through webpages and produce simple animation Visual Basic is a programming environment not simply a language It uses the Language BASIC a simple language developed to make it easy for people to learn how to program Visual basic has predefined objects such as dialog boxes buttons and text boxes which can be chosen from toolbox and dragged across the screen using the mouse and dropped into the required position BASIC programming code attached to form a complete program Visual basic is used to write general purpose applications for the Windows operating system Delphi is similar to Visual basic It is also a programming environment for developing programs for the Windows operating system It has predefined object that can be chosen from a toolbox In Delphi However the code attached the objects is written in a form of Pas
33. ray ink onto the paper Inkjet printer are very quite in operation and produce print quality comparable to that of laser printers thought laser printer still have edge in terms of speed Inkjet printers are ideal for low volume printing where high quality print is required and speed is not a high priority 20 Dot Matrix printers Dot matrix printers work by firing a row of pins through an ink ribbon onto the paper The more pins the print head has he higher the quality of the print most modern dot matrix printers have 24 pins Unfortunately dot matrix printers can generate a lot of noise and dont produce a very high quality of print especially when printing graphics Work language Giving advice You can advice a people in different ways Study these examples Advising people to do something Why you don t buy an inject I think you should buy a laser Advising people not to do something Don t buy a dot matrix You shouldn t by a laser To make your advice more effective add a reason advise reason Why dont you by an inkjet They re very quiet I think you should buy a laser The print quality is excellent Don t by a dot matrix There is very noisy You shouldn t by a laser They re very expensive We use too to make our advice stronger almost a warring Study these examples You should adjust your monitor It s too bright You should move your printer It s too close Task 3 Advicethe user of this workstation on improv
34. same but use Friday 2 and in week 3 use Friday 3 5 In week 4 do exactly the same but on Friday use Month 1 do the same for the next two months but on the last Friday of each month use Month 2 and Month 3 then start the whole cycle again Write ten tapes at any point in time you have full daily backups for the last week full weekly backups for the last month and full monthly backups for the last three months 10 Fill in the gaps in this table Tape Label Tape Label 1 Monday 6 Friday 2 2 7 3 Wednesday 8 4 9 Month 2 5 10 Which tape do we use on these days 1 Friday Week 2 3 Thursday Week 1 5 Friday week 8 2 Friday Week 4 4 Monday Week 2 37 11 PROGRAMMING Tuning in Task1 Work in Paris The stages in programming 1 7 are listed below Fill the gaps with the missing stages a d 1 Analysing and detining the problem to be solved a Training the users 3 Coding b Testing 4 Pi t s c Designing the program d Documenting 6 ENT 7 Obtaining feedback from users Task2 Look at stage 1 of the list in Task 1 Discuss how you would analyse and define the problem Task3 Programmers sometimes use flowcharts when planning program Look to each Figure to identify these symbols used in flowcharts mm ep ds ky a b C Reading Types of errors 38 Task 4 Text A Text B Text C Work in groups of three Kead one of the texts below and complete this table When you have finished
35. se e select from a menu 6 keyboard f Move the cursor rapidly 7 microphone g produce photos without film Task 5 Describe the use of each device in a sentences Use these structures from the language work section 1S are used in iS are used for ing Using You can You can use to Examples You use a mouse to select from a menu Problem Solving Task 6 In groups Decides which input device is best for 1 controlling fast moving objects in a game 2 reading the price of things in a shop 3 making a copies of a page of text and graphic 4 storing sounds on a computer 5 producing pictures of people and places for storing a computer 6 controlling a computer using speech 7 typing text into a computer Writing Task 7 with the help diagram Fill the blanks in this comparison of digital cameras and film cameras 18 Digital cameras don t use film You take pictures on to solid state memory Then you them to a You can and improve the pictures in your PC Then you can them add them to your OF them on the screen Digital cameras are more than film cameras but the cost for each picture is lower because there is no Its also easy to the pictures Film cameras are cheaper but each picture costs a lot because there are costs The quality of film camera pictures is much than digital cameras but you have to the pictures to transfer images to a PC Digital cameras Download pictures Manipulate Print Comp
36. solving Task 7 Work in pairs Study these forms the cursor can take on your computer Try to match each icon to one item from the list below FUDAN BL 1 hourglass 5 crosshair 2 arrow pointer 6 magnifying glass 3 pointing finger 7 Drag and drop arrow 4 not available 25 NETWORKS Tuning in Task 1 Study this example of a local area networks LAN Answer these questions UI BK WN H Task 2 Work in pairs List some places where you might find a local area Who are the users What kind of hardware is used What do the doctors are use it for What do the receptionists use it for What does the practice manager use for it Patients records drug information appointments Practice manager EmA COMNeCcTINNG to hospitals other practices and tha local health board PC Finance Newtown Health Centre Local Area Network network Reading Networks 26 Task 3 Study these diagram Then answer the questions 1 What is a network 2 What are its hardware component File server 3 What is different between LAN and WAN 4 What advantages do you think network have Task 4 Now reading this text to check your answers to task 3 What is a network A network is simply two or more computers linked together It allows users lo share not only data files and software applications but also hardware like printers and other computer resources such as fax Most networks link c
37. ted capacity B Almost all desk computers have hard disks They are fast and can store much greater amounts of data than floppies but they are fixed inside computer and you cannot use them to transfer data C You can move data from place to place using removable hard disks They are almost as fast as fixed hard disks and also have high capacities but they are relatively expensive They do not all conform to one standard and they are not very common D CD ROM disks are very common and conform to a standard They are removable and can hold large amounts of data They are also cheap to make However they are usually read only You cannot change the information on them They are also slow compared to hard disks E Magneto optical disks are like CD ROM but you can write data on to them They are removable have large capacities and last for a long time but they are expensive and do not all conform to one standard For this reason they are not very common F Magnetic tape is a cheap medium You can use it to store very large amounts of data but it dose not allow random access Every time you read or write a piece of data you star at the beginning for doing backups 35 Language work Linking words Study these examples Magnetic tape is cheap but it is very slow because tape drives slow SO we use it only for backups We use but to show a contrast because to show that the next idea is a reason and so to show a result Other words
38. the speed dial list use the direction key B then press Enter C When the call has been successfully connected you will see the far end location on the monitor Mute On the left hand side there is an audio mute key E When this is in operation a banner will appear on your main monitor telling you that Near End Far End or both are on mute Use the mute button if you want to have a private conversation Volume To adjust the incoming volume simply press the Volume key F Picture to Picture If you prefer not to see your own image you can switch the P I P off using button G Moving the Camera The right hand side of the keypad houses the Near End I and J and far End K and L camera controls The diamond shaped keys I K control the direction of the camera and J L the zoom in and out Ending your video conference When your meeting is finished remember to end the call by pressing the Hang Up key H It is preferable for the call originator to hung up Language work Present Passive Study these steps in using communications links to exchange data between San Francisco and Savannah Georgia 1 A police officer requests records of a suspect 2 Her computer sends the message via lines and fiber optic cable to a local microwave station 3 The local microwave station transmits the request to the nearest earth satellite station Look at the active form the agent is as important as the action A police officer ag
39. this intermediary device which enables communications between server and desktops Network topology Task 6 Study these diagram They show four network topologies Try to match diagram with the correct name 1 ring 2 bus 3 star 4 mesh Task 7 Which topologies do these statements refer to If one of the computers fails the whole network will be affected If we remove a computer from the network it won t affect the other computers If the main cable fails the whole network will fails If the central server fails the whole network will fails If a cable breaks the whole network will be affected If a computer fails it won t affect the other computers OU DUN He Language work Predicting consequence The sentences in Task 7 predicate the consequence of an action For example The cable fails The whole network will fail action consequence If the cable fails the whole network will fail Note that the action is in the Present simple and the consequence in the will future Study these other examples If you don t use the right password you won t get access to the network If you don t save your document you will lose the information Problem solving 28 Task 8 study these rules for passwords Their decide if the passwords which follow are good or bad Explain your answer Network passwords Usually you need a password to use a network It is important to keep your password secret The following rules
40. ves over a mouse Task 3 Now read this text to check your answer The computer mouse is a hand operated device that lets you control more easily the location of the pointer on your screen You can make selections and choices with the mouse button The mouse contains a rubber coated ball that rests on the surface of your working area or a mousemat When the mouse is moved over that surface the ball rolls The ball s movements up and down and left and right turn the two axles inside the mouse As they turn detectors register the changing position A smal integrated circuit inside the mouse sends signals to the operating system which instructs it to move the pointer on your screen Languages Works Present Simple Study these statements about keys This key moves the cursor down This keys copies the screen display This key doesn t have a fixed function The verbs in italics are in the Present simple We use the Present Simple to describe things which are always true Task 4 look at the statements 1 7 and correct the ones are wrong Example This key move the cursor down It doesn t move the cursor down It moves the cursor up 15 What does this key do This key moves the cursor down 2 This key moves the cursor to the right EA This key inserts a character This key copies the screen display This key moves the sereen up This key doesn t have a fixed function 7 This key gives vou all lower case
41. y 35339333393933 VGA Desktop PC ports and connectors External devices connect to ports at the back of the computer Different types of port are used for each device Most computers have 1 keyboard port 1 video port 2 serial ports 1 parallel port Same also have a mouse port The mouse port and the keyboard port look exactly the same but thay have labels to avoid confusion If there is no mouse port a serial mouse must be used This connects with one of the serial ports You can use the other one for a modern The seria ports often have the labels COM1 and COM2 The monitor connects to the video VGA port The printer uses o the larger parallel port 13 KEYBOARD AND MOUSE Task 1 Match this keys abbreviations with their full names 1 ESC a Alternate 2 Alt b Page up 3 Ctrl C Delete d Pgdn d Insert 5 Pgup e Escape 6 Ins f Page down 7 Del g Control Reading The mouse Task 2 Study this diagram which explains a common type of mouse works Then Complete each of these statements with one word RE EE A interrupter wheels A f Slots Wi y Detector J f j b v d r Light beams Mouve lt 4 Dm af od AF ae A READ Ee ma i Mousemat 1 Move the mouse to the left and the cursor move to the 2 The mouse contains a rolling 14 3 There are axis inside the mouse and two interrupter wheels 4 When you move the mouse the ball 5 The mouse mo
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