Packages in the `graphics` bundle - Image Processing and Analysis
Contents
1. 3 3 2 Using colour specifications directly color model specification textcolor model specification text Normally one would predeclare all the colours used in a package or in the document preamble but sometimes it is convenient to directly use a colour without naming it first To achieve this color and all the other colour commands take an optional argument specifying the model If this is used then the mandatory argument takes a colour specification instead of a name For example Ycolor rgb 1 0 2 0 3 would directly select that colour This is particularly useful for accessing the named model color named BrickRed selects the dvips colour BrickRed Rather than repeatedly use named you may use definecolor to provide convenient aliases definecolor myred named WildStrawberry color myred Alternatively if you are happy to use the existing names from the named model you may use the usenames package option which effectively calls definecolor on every colour in the named model thus allowing color WildStrawberry in addition to color named WildStrawbery 3 4 Named Colours Using the named colour model has certain advantages over using other colour models Firstly as the dvi file contains a request for a colour by name the actual mix of primary colours used to obtain the requested colour can be tuned to the characteristics of a particular printer In the dvips driv2. dvi2ps def file in the standard distribution It is not enabled by default as it is not well tested as the driver is no longer available to me The following driver files are similarly distributed but not enabled by default dvi2ps dvialw dvilaser dvitops psprint pubps ln Most of these driver files are generated from the source file drivers dtx That file has the sources for other versions for example older versions of dvips and textures which are not generated by default If you use a driver that is not covered by any of these possibilities you may try to write a def file by analogy with one of the existing ones and then specify a suitable option in graphics cfg and color cfg as for the above example of dvi2ps 3 Colour The colour support is built around the idea of a system of Colour Models The Colour models supported by a driver vary but typically include rgb Red Green Blue A comma separated list of three numbers between 0 and 1 giving the components of the colour cmyk Cyan Magenta Yellow K Black A comma separated list of four numbers be tween 0 and 1 giving the components of the colour according to the additive model used in most printers gray Grey scale a single number between 0 and 1 named Colours accessed by name e g JungleGreen Not all drivers support this model The names must either be known to the driver or added using com mands described in color dtx Some drivers support an extended f
3. puts a frame of colour name around the box coloured name2 These commands use the fbox parameters fboxrule and fboxsep to determine the thickness of the rule and the size of the shaded area 3 7 Possible Problems TEX was not designed with colour in mind and producing colours requires a lot of help from the driver program Thus depending on the driver some or all features of the color package may not be available Some drivers do not maintain a special colour stack These drivers are likely to get confused if you nest colour changes or use colours in floating environments Some drivers do not maintain colours over a page break so that if the page breaks in the middle of a coloured paragraph the last part of the text will incorrectly be printed in black There is a different type of problem that will occur for all drivers Due to certain technical difficulties it is possible that at points where the colour changes the spacing is affected For this reason the monochrome option does not completely disable the colour commands it redefines them to write to the log file This will have the same effects on spacing so you can produce monochrome drafts of your document at least knowing that the final spacing is being shown 4 The Graphics packages There are two graphics packages graphics The standard graphics package graphicx The extended or enhanced graphics package The two differ only in the for
4. splitting up the comma separated lists of key value pairs Like the trig package these macros may be extracted and used as part of another macro file based on plain T X as well as the standard use as a IATEX package 5 4 Pstcol PSTricks by Timothy Van Zandt is an immensely powerful package that enables a very full featured interface between PostScript and TEX Unfortunately the colour support in PSTricks is slightly incompatible with the colour mechanism defined in the color pack age The pstcol package is a hopefully temporary package that modifies a very small number of internal PSTricks functions to remove this incompatibility If pstricks is loaded via this package you may use any colours defined by color package commands within pstricks commands and vice versa 5 5 Lscape The Iscape package requires and takes the same options as the graphics package It defines a landscape environment within which page bodies are rotated through 90 degrees The page head and foot are not affected they appear in the standard portrait position
5. val list angle text AS This puts text in a box like mbox but rotates the box through angle degrees WS a The standard version always rotates around the reference point of the box but the keyval version takes the following keys origin label x dimen y dimen units number So you may specify both x and y which give the coordinate of the centre of rotation relative to the reference point of the box eg x 2mm y 5mm Alternatively for the most common points one may use origin with a label containing one or two of the following 1rctbB B denotes the baseline as for PSTricks For example compare a default rotation of 180 SULT to the effects gained by using the origin key origin c rotates about the centre of the box SUL APT SUL OPT origin tr rotates about the top right hand corner sde The units key allows a change from the default units of degrees anti clockwise Give the number of units in one full anti clockwise rotation For example units 360 specifies degrees clockwise units 6 283185 specifies radians 4 3 Scaling 4 3 1 Scaling by scale factor scalebox h scale v scale text Again this is basically like mbox but scales the text If v scale is not specified it defaults to h scale If it is specified the text is distorted as the horizontal and vertical stretches are different E i Ie ai s Yreflectbox text An abbreviation
6. Packages in the graphics bundle D P Carlisle 1996 10 29 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Driver support 2 3 Colour 2 3 1 Package OpliONS sese gere rered eiecit repka OS 3 3 2 Definme Colours s r isra s e ae ok eR Se are we 3 3 3 Using Colours 5 y nr a Gide EES ee wee a 4 3 4 NamedColours 0 000 eee ee ee 5 33 Page Colour ses rpms RS Ae HERS Se 5 3 6 Box Backgrounds 2 4 e044 a e CREA e Se eee Sew es ws 5 3 7 Possible Problems 3 cigs ea E we a So RR ee Ge 5 4 The Graphics packages 6 4 1 PackageOptions 2 2558 68 ees eee ee ee e 6 4 2 Cc 6 eee ea ra wh ea oe aoe He ee Bere he eS T AS Sealine gos seeded hes hob e Gu Heo eR Se oa bea a 7 4 4 Including Graphics Files o o o 8 4 5 Other commands in the graphics package 11 4 6 Global setting OL KeyS ecs ai a o o o e 13 4 7 Compatibility between graphics and graphicx 13 5 Remaining packages in the graphics bundle 13 Sell CEP ie Boe gen de Gee Se dow Ge ae bee 4 13 2 GIS n ares amp Bess Gand uray Sas pe Bd oe eee ee 14 Oro LRG yvalis son 4 A Ba ee we Re Se he oe 14 DA Pstcol eiii eee bees SS be EES KS HEPES SH 14 DI SCA A is AG ENS Ae ee ES ee 14 1 Introduction This document serves as a user manual for the packages color graphics and graphicx Further documentation may be obtained by processing the source dtx files of the individual packages 2 Driver support All these pac
7. atwidth w is equiv alent tobb 0 0 h w hiresbb Boolean valued key If set to true just specifying hiresbb is equivalent to hiresbb true then TEX will look for HiResBoundingBox lines rather than BoundingBox It may be set to false to overrule a default setting of true set by the hiresbb package option viewport The viewport key takes four arguments just like bb However in this case the values are taken relative to the origin specified by the bounding box in the file So to view the lin square in the bottom left hand corner of the area specified by the bounding box use the argument viewport 0 0 72 72 trim Similar to viewport but here the four lengths specify the amount to remove or add to each side trim 1 2 3 4 crops the picture by 1bp at the left 2bp at the bottom 3bp on the right and 4bp at the top angle Rotation angle origin Origin for rotation See the documentation of rotatebox width Required width The graphic is scaled to this width height Required height The graphic is scaled to this height totalheight Specify the total height height depth of the figure This will differ from the height if rotation has occurred In particular if the figure has been rotated by 90 then it will have zero height but large depth keepaspectratio Boolean valued key like clip If set to true then specifying both width and height or totalheight does not distort the figure but scales
8. d to includegraphics No optional argument left right graphics scalebox 0 5 includegraphics a graphicx includegraphics scale 5 a left right 10 graphics 115 110 135 145 a graphics includegraphics 115 110 135 145 a graphicx includegraphics bb 115 110 135 145 clip a left right graphics scalebox 0 5 includegraphics a and draft option graphicx includegraphics scale 5 draft a a ps left right 4 5 Other commands in the graphics package Ygraphicspath dir list This optional declaration may be used to specify a list of directories in which to search for graphics files The format is the same as for the ATEX 2 primitive input path A list of directories each in a group even if there is only one in the list For exam ple graphicspath eps tiff would cause the system to look in the subdirectories eps and tiff of the current direc tory This is unix syntax on a Mac it would be graphicspath eps tiff Note the differing conventions an initial is needed on Macintosh systems to denote the current folder whereas on unix an initial would denote the top level root direc tory The default setting of this path is input path that is graphics files will be found wherever TEX files are found DeclareGraphicsExtensions ext list This specifies the behaviour of the system when no file extension is specified in the New argument
9. er the meanings of the colour names are defined in the header file color pro Users are encouraged to produce different versions of this file for any printers they use By this means the same dvi file should produce colours of similar appearance when printed on printers with different colour characteristics Secondly apart from the so called process colours that are produced by mixing pri mary colours during the print process one may want to use spot or custom colours Here a particular colour name does not refer to a mix of primaries but to a particular ink The parts of the document using this colour will be printed separately using this named ink colour 3 5 Page Colour pagecolor name pagecolor model specification The background colour of the whole page can be set using pagecolor This takes the same argument forms as color but sets the background colour for the current and all subsequent pages It is a global declaration so you need to use pagecolor white to get back to normal 3 6 Box Backgrounds Two commands similar to fbox produce boxes with the backgrounds shaded an ap propriate colour colorbox name text colorbox model specification text Y colorbox name name2 text Y colorbox model specification specification2 text The former produces a box coloured with name like this The latter is similar but
10. extension for which this rule applies As a special case ext may be given as to denote the default behaviour for all undeclared extensions see the example below type is the type of file involved All files of the same type will be input with the same internal command which must be defined in a driver file For example files with extensions ps eps ps gz may all be classed as type eps read file determines the extension of the file that should be read to determine size in formation It may be the same as ext but it may be different for example ps gz files are not readable easily by TEX so you may want to put the bounding box information in a separate file with extension ps bb If read file is empty then the system will not try to locate an external file for size info and the size must be specified in the arguments of includegraphics If the driver file specifies a procedure for reading size files for type that will be used otherwise the procedure for reading eps files will be used Thus the size of bitmap files may be specified in a file with a PostScript style BoundingBox line if no other specific format is available As a special case may be used to denote the same extension as the graphic file This is mainly of use in conjunction with using as the extension as in that case the particular graphic extension is not known For example DeclareGraphicsRule eps This would declare a default rule suc
11. eys specify any scaling or rotation to be applied to the image To get these effects using the standard package the includegraphics call must be placed inside the argument of a rotatebox or scalebox command The keys are read left to right so angle 90 height 1in means rotate by 90 de grees and then scale to a height of lin height lin angle 90 would result in a final width of lin If the calc package is also loaded the lengths may use calc syntax for instance to specify a width of 2 cm less than the text width width textwidth 2cm TEX leaves the space specified either in the file or in the optional arguments If any part of the image is actually outside this area it will by default overprint the surrounding text If the star form is used or clip specified any part of the image outside this area will not be printed The last four keys suppress the parsing of the filename If they are used the main file argument should not have the file extension They correspond to the arguments of DeclareGraphicsRule described below To see the effect that the various options have consider the file a ps This file contains the bounding box specification SsBoundingBox 100 100 172 172 That is the printed region consists of a one inch square 100 pt in from the bottom and left hand edges of the paper In all the following examples the input will be of the form left fbox includegraphics a right With different options supplie
12. for scalebox 1 1 text 4 3 2 Scaling to a requested size resizebox h length v length text Scale text so that the width is h length If is used as either length argument the other argument is used to determine a scale factor that is used in both directions Nor mally v length refers to the height of the box but in the star form it refers to the height depth As normal for IATEX 2g box length arguments height width totalheight depth may be used to refer to the original size of the box resizebox lin height Some text Some text resizebox 1in Some text SOME text 4 4 Including Graphics Files The functions for graphics inclusion try to give the same user syntax for including any kind of graphics file that can be understood by the driver This relies on the file having an extension that identifies the file type The driver options will define a collection of file extensions that the driver can handle although this list may be extended using the declarations described below If the file s extension is unknown to the driver the system may try a default file type The PostScript driver files set this default to be eps PostScript but this behaviour may be customised if other defaults are required graphics includegraphics llx lly urx ury file graphicx includegraphics key val list file Include a graphics file If is present t
13. h that all unknown extensions would be treated as EPS files and the graphic file would be read for a BoundingBox comment command is usually empty but if non empty it is used in place of the filename in the special Within this argument 1 may be used to denote the filename Thus using the dvips driver one may use DeclareGraphicsRule ps gz eps ps bb zcat 1 the final argument causes dvips to use the zcat command to unzip the file before inserting it into the PostScript output Note that IATEX will find the graphics file by searching along TEXINPUTS and pos sibly other places as specified with graphicspath however it may be that the com mand you specify in this argument can not find such files unless they are in the current directory On some systems it may be possible to modify the command so that it will find any files that I4TFX can find For example on newer web2c TEX releases on unix 12 one may modify the above command so that the last argument is zcat kpsewhich n latex tex 1 which incantation causes the kpsewhich program to find the file by searching along I4TRX s path and then pass the full path name to the zcat program so that it can un compress the file Any such uses are very system dependent and would best be placed in a graphics cfg file thus keeping the document itself portable 4 6 Global setting of keys Most of the keyval keys used in the graphicx package may also be set using the com
14. hen the graphic is clipped to the size specified If is omitted then any part of the graphic that is outside the specified bounding box will over print the surrounding text If the optional arguments are omitted then the size of the graphic will be determined by reading an external file as described below graphics version If urx ury is present then it should specify the coordinates of the top right corner of the image as a pair of T X dimensions If the units are omitted they default to bp So lin 1in and 72 72 are equivalent If only one optional argument appears the lower left corner of the image is assumed to be at 0 0 Otherwise lx ly may be used to specify the coordinates of this point graphicx version Here the star form is just for compatibility with the standard ver sion It just adds clip to the list of keys specified Also for increased compatibility if two optional arguments are used the standard version of includegraphics is always used even if the graphicx package is loaded The allowed keys are listed below bb The argument should be four dimensions separated by spaces These denote the Bounding Box of the printed region within the file bbllx bblly bburx bbury Set the bounding box Mainly for compatibility with older packages Specifying bbllx a bblly b bburx c bbury d is equivalent to specifyingbb abcd natwidth natheight Again an alternative to bb natheight h n
15. kages rely on features that are not in T X itself These features must be supplied by the driver used to print the dvi file Unfortunately not all drivers support the same features and even the internal method of accessing these extensions varies between drivers Consequently all these packages take options such as dvips to specify which driver is being used You should to set up a site default for these options for the driver that you normally use Suppose that you wish for the color package to always default to use specials for the PostScript driver dvipsone In that case create a file color cfg containing the line ExecuteOptions dvipsone Normally you will want an identical file graphics cfg to set a similar default for the graphics packages The following driver options are declared in the packages dvips xdvi dvipdf dvipsone dviwindo emtex dviwin pctexps pctexwin pctexhp pctex32 truetex tcidvi oztex textures If you use a driver that is not in the list above you may add an option for that driver by putting the appropriate DeclareOption line into graphics cfg and color cfg before making it the default option with ExecuteOptions as described above For example to add the option dvi2ps for the original Unix dvi to ps driver and to make that the default you just need configuration files looking like DeclareOption dvi2ps def Gin driver dvi2ps def ExecuteOptions dvi2ps There is a suitable
16. mand setkeys provided by the keyval package For instance suppose you wanted all the files to be included in the current document to be scaled to 75 of the width of the lines of text then one could issue the following command setkeys Gin width 0 75 textwidth Here Gin is the name used for the keyval keys associated with Graphics inclusion All following includegraphics commands within the same group or environment will act as if width 0 75 textwidth had been specified in addition to any other key settings actually given in the optional argument Similarly to make all rotatebox arguments take an argument in radians one just needs to specify setkeys Grot units 6 28318 4 7 Compatibility between graphics and graphicx For a document author there are not really any problems of compatibility between the two packages You just choose the interface that you personally prefer and then use the appropriate package For a package or class writer the situation is slightly different Suppose that you are writing a letter class that needs to print a company logo as part of the letterhead As the author of the class you may want to give the users the possibility of using either interface in their letters should they need to include any further graphics into the letter body In this case the class should load the graphics package not graphicx as this would commit any users of the class to the keyval interface The logo
17. mat of optional arguments for the commands defined The command names and the mandatory arguments are the same for the two packages 4 1 Package Options As discussed in section 2 the graphics packages share the same driver options as the color package As for colour you should set up a site default in a file graphics cfg containing the line for dvips ExecuteOptions dvips The graphics packages have some other options for controlling how many of the fea tures to enable draft suppress all the special features In particular graphics files are not included but they are still read for size info just the filename is printed in a box of the correct size final The opposite of draft Useful to over ride a global draft option specified in the documentclass command hiderotate Do not show rotated text presumably because the previewer can not ro tate hidescale Do not show scaled text presumably because the previewer can not scale hiresbb Look for size specifications in HiResBoundingBox lines rather than stan dard SBoundingBox lines 1 At least two causes 1 The presence of a special whatsit prevents addvspace seeing space on the current vertical list so causing it to incorrectly add extra vertical space 2 A whatsit as the first item in a vtop moves the reference point of the box New feature 1996 10 29 4 2 Rotation graphics rotatebox angle text graphicx rotatebox key
18. model Saving TREX some memory you may give the nodvipsnames option Conversely if you are using another driver you may wish to add these names to the named model for that driver especially if you are processing a document originally produced on dvips In this case you could use the dvipsnames option Lastly the usenames option makes all names in the named model directly available as described below 3 2 Defining Colours The colours black white red green blue cyan magenta yellow should be pre defined but should you wish to mix your own colours use the definecolor com mand definecolor name model colour specification This defines name as a colour which can be used in later colour commands For example definecolor light blue rgb 0 8 0 85 1 definecolor mygrey gray 0 75 Now light blue and mygrey may be used in addition to the predefined colours above 3 3 Using Colours 3 3 1 Using predefined colours The syntax for colour changes is designed to mimic font changes The basic syntax is color name This is a declaration like bfseries It changes the current colour to name until the end of the current group or environment An alternative command syntax is to use a command form that takes the text to be coloured as an argument This is similar to the font commands such as textbf textcolor name text So the above is essentially equivalent to color name text
19. orm of the named model in which an intensity of the colour may also be specified so JungleGreen 0 5 would denote that colour at half strength Note that the named model is really just given as an example of a colour model that takes names rather than a numeric specification Other options may be provided locally that provide different colour models eg pantone An industry standard set of colours x11 Colour names from the X Window System etc The standard distribution does not currently have such models but the named model could be used as an example of how to define a new colour model The names used in the named model are those sug gested by Jim Hafner in his colordvi and foiltex packages and implemented originally in the color pro header file for the dvips driver 3 1 Package Options Most of the options to the color package just specify a driver e g dvips as discussed in section 2 One special option for the color package that is of interest is monochrome If this option 1s selected the colour commands are all disabled so that they do not generate errors but do not generate colour either This is useful if previewing with a previewer that can not produce colour Three other package options control the use of the named model The dvips driver by default pre defines 68 colour names The dvips option normally makes these names available in the named colour model If you do not want these names to be declared in this
20. should be included with includegraphics either with no optional argument if the correct size information is in the file or both optional arguments otherwise Do not use the one optional argument form as the meaning of this argument would change and generate errors if the user were to load graphicx as well as your class 5 Remaining packages in the graphics bundle 5 1 Epsfig This is a small package essentially a wrapper around the graphicx package defining a command psfig which has the syntax 13 psfig file xxx rather than includegraphics xxx It also has a few more commands to make it slightly more compatible with the old TEX 2 09 style of the same name 52 Trig The trig package is not intended to be used directly in documents It calculates sine co sine and tangent trigonometric functions These are used to calculate the space taken up by a rotated box This package is also used by the font inst program which converts PostScript files to a form usable by TEX As well as being used as a IAIEX package the macros may be extracted with the docstrip options plain package In this case the I4TRX package declarations are omitted from the file and the macros may be directly used as part of another macro file they work with any format based on plain TX 5 3 Keyval The keyval package is intended to be used by other packages It provides a generic way of setting keys as used by the graphicx package and
21. such that neither of the specified dimensions is exceeded scale Scale factor clip Either true or false or no value which is equivalent to true Clip the graphic to the bounding box draft a boolean valued key like clip Locally switches to draft mode type Specify the graphics type ext Specify the file extension This should only be used in conjunction with type read Specify the file extension of the read file This should only be used in conjunc tion with type command Specify any command to be applied to the file This should only be used in conjunction with type For the keys specifying the original size 1 e the bounding box trim and viewport keys the units can be omitted in which case bp i e PostScript points are assumed The first seven keys specify the original size of the image This size needs to be spec ified in the case that the file can not be read by T X or it contains an incorrect size BoundingBox specification New feature 1996 10 29 New feature 1995 06 01 New feature 1995 06 01 New feature 1995 09 28 New feature 1995 06 01 New feature 1995 09 27 bbllx bbury are mainly for compatibility for older packages bbllx a bblly b bburx c bbury d is equivalent to bb abcd natheight and natwidth are just shorthands for setting the lower left coordinate to 0 0 and the upper right coordinate to the specified width and height The next few k
22. to includegraphics ext list should be a comma separated list of file description extensions White space is ignored between the entries A file name is produced 1994 12 01 by appending one extension from the list If a file is found the system acts as if that extension had been specified If not the next extension in ext list is tried Note that if the extension is not specified in the includegraphics command the graphics file must exist at the time I4TRxX is run as the existence of the file is used to determine which extension from the list to choose However if a file extension is specified e g includegraphics a ps instead of includegraphics a then 11 the graphics file need not exist at the time I4TpX is used In particular it may be cre ated on the fly by the command specified in the DeclareGraphicsRule command described below IATRX does however need to be able to determine the size of the im age so this size must be specified in arguments or the read file must exist at the time IXT X is used DeclareGraphicsRule ext type read file command Any number of these declarations can be made They determine how the system be haves when a file with extension ext is specified The extension may be specified ex plicitly or if the argument to includegraphics does not have an extension it may be a default extension from the ext list specified with DeclareGraphicsExtensions ext the file
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search