CNC V6.1.1 Illustrated assembling guide V 0.1
Contents
1. After inserting the sockets hold them on place with a hand or by using a flat plate and flip board upside down so that working desk or used plate will keep them on place It s easy for sockets to come out from holes because holes diameter is bigger than sockets leads If sockets should come outside do all again by caring more For each socket we suggest to solder two diagonally opposite pins to keep it steady Before soldering all other pins check if socket is down on the bottom of the board other wise while pressing ics inside you may force copper pads to dissect from the PCB i 4 6 axes HNC driver V6 1 vith 5 inputs and 2 relays cC 2884 2806 Paolo S5ancono http uuu ideegeniali M ie Ics TT TELLE LELLLELE 5 sae coocgoost a es ae eset 5 5 A z tia aggirare ari AKG YIRGBI UhBk Br YIRGBL ARAID 0500000 OTK E Motor C _Merer 8 a How a 4 axis board will look like after soldering on the right positions the 10 DILIS sockets Polyester Capacitors Polyester capacitors are parallelepiped shaped components and white colored From 4 to 6 are to be mounted number vary depending on how many axis the board is In our example we assemble a 4 axis board so we ll mount 5 polyester capacitors in positions C3 C4 C6 C7 C8 Polyester Capacitors from 4 to 6 These capacitors are all the same 100 nF capacity You won t need any peculiar advice with these compon2. Third hand is a heavy base with two tweezers which can help at holding components and small boards while soldering with the other two hands one for soldering iron the other for soldering thread indeed you would need 4 hands for a good soldering session You definitively won t need soldering paste which might be useful while desoldering components from old boards with lot of dust and stains of you are reworking old boards but it is not needed for new components and new boards mounting for whom it is sufficient flux core present inside solder thread and more flux would be too much Printed Circuit Boards SNET se i Thi CHCS10 3 6 axes CWC driver 6 1 5 with S inputs and 2 relays i pa Ch 2004 2005 Daole SAnEOnG x ak 2O 6 http uuw ideegeni ali in ra Step Di TELENTE xis F E z mee ICS aageas i gseecececds R G 8 8 G R G 8 iB a a LEERE EFE 2 5 Estoe l al ae tonet ii aasia HhBk Gr YLAd I Hine dbi ieeees SEEECO 3 Hotor B On Printed circuit boards the green colored board is called this way PCBs for short you may identify a components side the one with white serigraphies where components will find room and a soldering side the opposite one where copper traces and pads are present Copper traces are protected by a green solder mask which protects copper and helps you out during soldering because solder won t stick on solder mask but will
3. Paolo Sancone pe oe a i ban iie http uuu ideegeniali it pee oe a TRI oO ICS E i 2 Please note ac i 3 Axis a os G and relays i E go aha cannot i ee GOST Hoos mounted or used E at the cone thee pa agcacacaa AAALAC bo PE e 4 ea y 16 d a T t Home omey Homex A soococose soocococd ae rYIRd l WhBk Gr YIRGPI AOAO con a dedededada c Hotor B TOC ETE is proces well SUBD25 Connector SUBD25 90 male connector fixes perfectly into 25 holes for pins and two bigger holes for fixing it firmly Be sure the connector entered completely in the board before soldering because it s extremely difficult to push it down after you did some soldering due to the high number of soldering joints Soldering on these small pads is more difficult than for IC s pads because connector pins take away heat and pads are smaller Be sure solder covered and jointed well both pin and pad If you insisted too much on a soldering post which isn t developing well and you put more solder because you needed it s flux you may end up with too much old inactive flux solder in zone and also a lot of old solder on iron tip Things get dirty because there s no flux and all this solder in zone doesn t leave room for the good soldering post you plan to do In this case clean the tip on sponge to remove all solder excess Put the cleaned tip in the bad zone and it
4. stick on pads which are not covered by solder mask so you won t mess with solder where it shouldn t be Components are provided with leads which are to be inserted in holes already drilled on PCB You insert components from components side the one with serigraphies than flip over the board and solder leads to pads Soldering Soldering consists of 3 phases to be done rapidly one after the other 1 Put soldering iron tip at first on the board pad heating it and then also to the lead heating both of them You should start from the pad because it s bigger and needs more heat to reach the same temperature as the component lead Moreover pad is linked to copper trace which will take away some of the heat provided and also over heating components may damage them while over heating pads and copper traces won t damage them unless you insist really too much with your soldering iron 2 Keeping soldering iron in position still heating pad and lead put solder thread onto lead and pad Smoke should come out of the solder at all times flux is cleaning pad and lead from oxide Solder should stick confortable to pad and lead connecting them that is true if you heated them at correct temperature before putting solder thread on them and ended the whole job while flux was still smoking 3 Take away soldering iron and immediately later almost at the same time take away also soldering thread 3 phases must be performed so rapidly one
5. then cut away excess Mounting order It is best to first mount smaller parts the ones with less height on circuit and mount higher bigger parts later so that there are no totems in the way to reach the bottom of the board Our suggestion is to follow the order proposed in this guide We will show the assembling process for a 4 axis board Following parts list wich you can read on the tables found at the beginning of this guide please adapt explanation to your specific version from 3 to 6 axis IC Sockets _ m _ I zoccolini DILIS forniti col kit da 7 a 14 di numero You will start with Integrated Circuits Sockets among the shortest as opposite to tall components in the kit the ones which are also the easier to solder because of generous pads dimensions From 7 up to 14 sockets are to be mounted exact number vary with the number of axis of the board In this example case since we are assembling a 4 axis board we ll have to mount 10 sockets in positions IC1 IC2 IC3 IC4 IC7 IC8 IC9 IC10 IC13 IC14 as you may guess from tables at the beginning of this guide These are all the same DIL 18 Dual In line 18 pin Please note that on one edge of sockets there s a U sign this must be oriented as shown in the serigraphy The U sign will be matched with the U sign on chips which will be inserted in the sockets at a later time after mounting and checking the whole board
6. A thermic glue gun may help to keep connectors on place while soldering This kind of glue can be easily removed when you re finished Pin header connectors to be mounted on PCB left side Female strip connectors to be used on extension cables for motors A female strip connector mounted on pin header to keep it rigid while soldering After putting male pin headers in the holes before soldering it s a good idea to mount female strip connectors on them while soldering They will help to take heat away from pin headers and far away from plastic and to keep pin header of its shape Pin headers plastic in fact tends to melt during soldering iron heating and connectors might loose its shape This is yet more important when soldering extention cables because the copper in wires needs a lot of heating and PCB board isn t there to help keep correct shape For the same reason please allow connectors to cool down after soldering one pin before soldering the next one Once you are done with 6 soldering points you may remove helping female connector Screw terminals On board you will also need to mount 3 two ways screw terminals and a 10 ways screw terminal Two ways screw terminals are to be inserted on X1 X2 X3 positions on 6 axis version you don t mount X1 and X2 Pay attentions that the side where you insert wires into should face the external boundary of the board and not the interior part of the board it really sounds strange
7. C8 IC9 IC10 IC11 C12 IC13 IC14 not all of them on all versions you ll insert ULN2803 ICs Be extremely careful at IC13 since it s between taller components you must pay extra attention to prevent some pins from bend badly ar J The board 4 axis version in photo is eventually done and ready to be used Well done All done Your board is ready Just read user s manual to start using it with satisfaction
8. CNC V6 1 1 Illustrated assembling guide V 0 1 All stuff in this document text pictures tables and whatever is Copyright 2005 2006 Paolo Sancono http www ideegeniali it It is forbidden to totally or partially reproduce anything by any mean The author tried at his best to provide correct and accurate information in this guide but can not be held responsible for any direct or indirect damage that may occur you caused by erroneous information or erroneous interpretation of information here reported By continuing reading you accept this disclaimer Parts list There exist 4 version of the board 3 axis 2 relais 4 axis 2 relais 5 axis 2 relais 6 axis without relais Part with a star mark indicate component wich are to be mounted on some version of the board and not on other version see tables below Lista componenti Resistor 1kQ 1 4 W brown black red gold R3 Resistor 270Q 1 4 W red violet brown gold Electrolytic cylindrical vertical capacitor 220 uF 25V Electrolytic cylindrival vertical capacitor 22 uF 16V C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 Polyester capacitor 100 nF Co Optional electrolytic capacitor see text below LED3 Green Led 5 mm diameter IC1 IC2 IC3 IC4 IC5 IC6 Integrated circuit PIC16F628A IC7 IC8 IC9 IC 10 Integrated circuit ULN2803 IC11 IC12 IC13 IC14 Integrated circuit ULN2803 IC15 Voltage regulator 7805 o 78MO5 CON1 CON2 CON3 Pin Header 6 pin CON4 CONS CON6 Pin Hea
9. R R E R EE p gt a Trah DEET ELIA aoun ed at the sane the 2 hOGoaooo jf manans a 18 PEY CYC PAP posseoosd cooococs NE Gr YiRGB hak Br VIRGIL OOO OCD Tededededede lt Motor C Motor 8 nS Sd DOAA TF paa i oe n _ g a k ee Sa a otyr Assembling is almost done we need very little t time to Aa ee Ss Hexagonal spacers It is a nice idea to mount the 4 hexagonal spacers on the five suitable holes so that soldering side of the board won t be accidentally damaged by irregular surfaces and a conductive object has less chances to short traces We suggest you mount the nut on component side so that board can lean on a flat surface or can be fixed with M3 screws not supplied in the thread of the spacer This way you can fix the board on the bottom or on a side wall of your machine The 4 ET l spacers 1 Omm tall with M3 thread and relative nuts During normal usage of board please be sure no metallic object can come in contact with traces side shorting out different zones of the circuit For better protection you can fix PCB to a rigid plate such as another circuit board a plastic or wooden plate not supplied Check out soldering and polarity of polarized components Please take your time to carefully inspect all soldering for omissions short circuits weak soldering posts It may happen to insert a component and forget to solder all its leads to short two consecutive pads with a solder drop to do w
10. after the other and they last not so long that we can say that soldering well consists in one single sequence of operations which doesn t last long but indeed must be timed correctly A good soldering post will appear clean and shiny at sight A bad soldering post will look opaque irregular shaped and not sticked glued to pad or component lead Some people put solder thread onto soldering iron tip and then carry it to pad and lead This is completely wrong because flux will smoke while on soldering tip and by the time you reach pad and lead it s all gone away and won t clean pad and lead surfaces oxide It is true that at beginning of work session you may clean soldering iron tip using some fresh solder of which you intend to use flux Let the flux do its job and then remove solder excess with the wet sponge provided with your soldering iron The solder you used for cleaning soldering iron tip can t be used for soldering because its flux is finished and must be disposed of You may repeat this procedure cleaning soldering tip every 20 or 30 soldering posts if your tip gets dirty and is not soldering well anymore After doing 10 or so soldering posts cut away lead excess with cutting tweezers it s not a good idea to cut them to correct length prior to soldering because you may get wrong cutting too much and it is more difficult to hold components on place if they have shorter leads So keep leads at full length solder them
11. but again some people mounted screw terminals backwards On X4 marked post a 10 position long stripe of screw terminal is to be mounted You should assemble yourself the 10 ways terminal by locking together 5 2 ways termianls Be sure to mount them by pushing all way down so that bottom surface is aligned among all the terminals When using terminals in fact it is important that the base is anchored to the board because you will be exercising pressure with a screw driver on them and if they are not firmly based on the board you may damage pads from the other side because leads would be pressed downway by the screw driver A 10 ways screw terminal made out of 5 2 ways screw terminals The remaining 3 2 ways screw terminal to be used individually On serigraphy next to X1 terminal the power in supply terminal it is clearly marked 12V and plus and minus marking to find out where to connect positive and negative pole of power supply To prevent reversing supply by accident you may also write plus and minus signs directly on terminal with a lumocolor pen just in case serigraphy gets removed by grasping The circuit is not protected from inverted polarity supply and some components will get damaged if you link a reversed polarity supply to the board CNCGIO J G axes CNC driver U6 8 vith S inpure and 2 relLeys cC 2884 20806 Paolo Sanecono Http www ideegeniali iv lie 1 6 R
12. der 6 pin X1 X2 X3 Screw terminal 2 ways 5 08 mm X4 Screw terminal 10 ways 5 08 mm X5 SUBD 25 Male Connector 90 PCB Mount H1 H2 H3 H4 Hexagonal Spacers 10mm M3 Parts with optional mounting depending on kit kind R1 R2 LED1 LED2 RELAY1 RELAY2 X1 X2 C9 vedi testo IC4 IC10 CON4 C8 IC5 IC11 CONS C5 IC6 IC12 CON6 IC14 Congratulations for Purchasing this high quality electronic kit Assembling it following step by step directions found in this guide will be fun and will make you proud Soldering Iron To assemble the board you will need a soldering iron for electronics Power should be between 15W and 40W if it s without temperature control or any power if it s temperature controlled You can t use a gun shape 100W solder which is suitable to solder connectors on speakers or other big connectors but its strength is just too much to mount delicate electronic devices on PCBs Excessive heating can damage electronic components Solder You will also need solder for electronics in classical alloy Sn Pb 60 40 and classical alloy variations Sn Pg Ag 60 38 2 Sn Pb Cu 60 38 2 or the new Lead free alloys Sn Ag 98 2 Sn Sb 95 5 which melt at higher temperatures You cannot use solder for pipes of inferior quality and purity and without alloy components needed to lower melting point to temperatures which don t damage electronic devices We suggest a wire diameter of 0 7 0 8 or 1 0 mm thicker diamet
13. ding leds wich are useless for a 6 axis kit The three leds supplied with the Kit Leds are polarized components Positive pole has a longer lead than the negative pole which is shorter Negative pole can also be identified by the straight beveling on that side On serigraphy you won t find a plus and minus sign but the bevel on negative side which should match the bevel on component corresponding to negative pole gis Fy F Wg i mounted or geg y Longer lead is positive pole Shorter lead is negative pole Negative pole corresponds to flattened site reported on serigraphy Depending on which kind of leds you received there could be a diameter increase on leads 5 mm away from the package These will help mounting led 5 mm away from the board so it can be seen easier If such diameter increase is not present in leds supplied you may freely choose to mount leds directly on board or some millimeters far from it It s easy to mount leds not perfectly vertical You may fix them by heating soldering again and orienting them correctly You can do this fix only once or twice if you insist you should start soldering procedure all again because you smoked away all remaining flux out of the solder An alternative if lateral bending is not too much is to straighten led by using tweezers If led leads were bent too much it s not a good idea to use tweezers because you may damage pad on the other side which may e
14. eak soldering from a mechanical or electrical point of view and these will cause subtle malfunctions Before powering up the board double check soldering side and double check also correct orientation of polarized components such as diodes and electrolytic capacitors a es Hexagonal spacers mounted on board nuts on component side and perfect soldering realized with professional solder and soldering iron Your soldering should look similar to this shiny aspect solder on the whole pad right amount of solder regular shape mechanical strength Inserire i circuiti integrati You may place integrated circuits in their sockets only after double checking the board for shorts or missing soldering Refer to U marking on one side to orient correctly IC s Before pushing pressing on the IC s from above downway control that pins are entering correctly the socket because if a pin is not really straight it may happen that it bends badly while you are trying to insert a chip into its socket If a pin bends badly chances are high that it can get broken when you try to fix it in its original shape with tweezers There are two kinds of Integrated Circuits in this project Exteriorly they look similar because package is DIL18 for both you must read what s writte on them to distinguish them In positions IC1 IC2 IC3 IC4 ICS IC6 Gf you have less than 6 axis not all of them are to be mounted you ll insert PICI6F628A In positions C7 I
15. ents except the good old suggestion of opening wide a little bit leads to help holding component on place while soldering it Don t forget to remove excess lead with cutting tweezers you might forget because they re not so long but still need to be cut not to eventually get shorted with other leads after bending by accident Spread wide leads on traces side before soldering them to prevent them from falling down when you flip the board upside down Polyester Capacitors are un polarized components as well so you may orient them in one of the two possible verses and it would be the same for the circuit Resistors Resistors come in a cilindrical shape with 2 axial leads Main background color is light brown On this background 4 colored bands are drawn which serve to identify nominal resistance There are 3 resistors to be mounted on board except for 6 axis version on wich yov ll mount only resistor 270Q have bands colored red purple brown gold IKO resitors have bands colored brown black red gold Once you identify a resistor place on serigraphy check the parts list at the beginning of this document to know what value is to be mounted there For example R1 is 1kQ resistor so in R1 position you will mount a 1KQ resistor which you will recognize by its bands colors brown black red gold Bands can t be read back order because last band is always gold The right way to bend resistor lead before soldering them Pri
16. ers are excessive for electronics Solder for electronic use is stuffed with flux inside which serves to eliminate oxide from components leads and board pads While solder emits smoke its flux is cleaning parts smoke 1s generated by flux not by melting solder Flux is necessary because it cleans oxide which is non conductive and wouldn t let the circuit work or would let it work worse because oxide doesn t conduct well electricity If you solder with old solder 1 e one which was not smoking any more and remained without active flux your soldering may be good from a mechanical point of view parts remain on place but bad from an electric point of view soldering doesn t conduct well and this may cause malfunctions You have same kind of troubles if you didn t heat enough pad on board prior to putting solder onto it solder doesn t stick to the pad but forms a sphere landing no the pad but not sticking to it these are called cold solderings and don t conduct well So be extremely concentrated while soldering to make each soldering a perfect one Other useful tools You will find useful cutting tweezers bent 45 degrees to cut out components leads Also long tweezers are useful to handle small parts and help you put components leads into holes on board Tweezers are extremely useful to mount jumpers Since board is not so small 100 x 160 mm a third hand advice it is not strictly necessary for this project
17. or to inserting esistors leads in holed in PCB bend one of the two leads by 180 as shown in picture Once inserted a resistor spread wide a little bit its leads so that it doesn t fall down out of the holes when you flip the board upside down Spread leads wide open a little bit to prevent them from falling when you flip the board It s not a good idea to spread leads a lot because that makes it very difficult to desolder the component if you need to Be sure that the pad gets warmed as well as the lead so that flux gets activated to clean both and solder will glue to pad and lead in a natural way When soldering be sure that solder covers adequately both pad and lead That happens when you warm up both the pad and the lead Don t cut leads before soldering because components may come out from the board by themselves since they have less anchoring EEH Cut out exceding lead with a cutter Led Led stands for Light Emitting Diode and are typically used to signal something to the user They come in a semi transparent plastic package which lets you see produced light You will get two red and one green led with the kit Red ones are to be mounted on LED1 and LED2 marked position the red leds will indicate relays activation while green led is to be mounted on LED3 marked position If you own a 6 axis kit no red leds are to be mounted because 6 axis kit doen t have relais and of course doesn t have correspon
18. should take away most of the solder Repeat once or twice if needed Than start all over again with fresh solder Sometimes when you want to remove old solder which tends to stick on place and doesn t come away following a clean soldering iron tip it s a good idea to start by adding a lot of new fresh solder which will help at producing a single giant ball out of the old solder which will eventually fall away by itself if you hold board vertically and keep on heating and adding more solder Ta APs 5 A Z ME 2 P LE r a i vr Py Male DSUB25 connector perfectly soldered on PCB Relays Relays are one of the biggest components and in fact we mount them almost at the end Leads disposition forces you to mount them in the correct orientation There are two relays in the kit and they are to be mounted on positions marked RELAY 1 and RELAY2 on board 6 axis board version is with no relais at all The relais supplied with kit Voltage Stabilizer IC15 is a voltage stabilizer marked 7805 or 78MO5 This must be orientated correctly On serigraphy one side is drawn with thicker bold white border towards that border you must orient the metallic side of the component opposites the plastic side Voltage stabilizer 7805 on the left 7SMO5 on the right The two are just the same internally With the kit comes one or the other Stabilizer may be supplied in one of the kinds shown in picture The two are substan
19. tially the same just mount the one you find in the kit 34 6 axes CNC drive Uith 5 inputs snd 2 CC 2004 2006 Paoli Please note C Axis gee relays snare same pin and canno a TT Assembling preceeds now also relais and IC15 are correctly mounted on right place Pin header connectors 6 ways pin headers male connectors are to be mounted on CONI CON2 CON3 CON4 CONS CON6 marked positions on the board from 3 to 6 are to be mounted one for each axis This connector is hard to mount because it tends to fall down when you flip the board and you can t spread open its leads because it would deform the connector You may use a bit of taper ribbon or thermic glue gun to be removed after soldering Pay attention to the fact that connectors must be firmly based on board and not mounted lifted so that you won t force pads when inserting or removing motors It should be obvious and self explanatory but let me point out that shortest side is to be put in holes in PCB longest side remains on component side of PCB where motors will be connected it may sound strange but somebody mounted pin headers upside down leaving shortest side outside the board and putting longest side in PCB s holes Obviously this way there s no room for motors female connectors It s a good idea to solder 1 or 2 pads on opposite sides verify connector has come down to touch the board and only then proceed soldering the remaining pins
20. ventually break and dislocate from the board First method is safer even if it may lead to start soldering all over remove solder and solder again Electrolytic Capacitors Electrolytic Capacitors are cylindrical shape and can be black blue violet brown or any color Upper base of cylinder is metallic with pre carved braking lines From the bottom base the two leads come out The two electrolytic capacitors supplied with Kit Electrolytic capacitors are polarized components and must be oriented correctly on board On board s serigraphy there a Plus sign next to positive pole hole On component positive pole lead can be recognized because it s longer than negative pole one If you happen to cut the leads of the same length negative pole can still be recognized by the a line of minus signs you find on the lateral side of the cylinder The bigger capacitor of 220uF should be mounted in Cl place The smaller one of 22uF should be mounted on C2 place Please make sure to align correctly the two capacitors following Plus sign on serigraphy Please note that the two signs are one opposite the other A common mistake is to orient correctly one of the two capacitors and for the second one to align looking at the other instead of looking at serigraphy again i AD DOL E af r TA GNG6Ie F mou 3 6 axes CNC driver V 1 8 a A vith S inputs snd 2 relays Ea l a Pat C 28384 2686
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