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1. 99 The following folks are reaching you for only 20 cents per word If you would like to reach the same audience send your words and 20 cents for each to Micro Cornucopia Drive Cleaning Kit Sale 8 only floppyclene with chemicals and carriers Reg 69 95 now 20 each 2 postage Datalife Head Cleaning System Reg 11 95 and extra head cleaning pack 10 Reg 20 now just 6 2 postage National Public Domain 1533 Avohill Dr Vista CA 92084 33 Your Xerox 820 1 becomes Kaypro for 105 Operate your drives in single or double density use RS232 terminal 820 1 board and power supply Simple 2 cut 4 jumper mod EPROM double density disk driver board Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded Mail 105 to Barry Cole 12770 Matteson Ave 1 Mar Vista CA 90066 today Other versions available 213 390 3851 28 Big Board II keyboard monitor printer soft ware 5 floppy drives extras 600 503 640 5367 283MU 25 Keyboards for computer builders 83 keys full ASCII upper lower case all control charac ters numeric pad caps lock repeat self test Brand new hundreds sold to builders of Apples Big Boards Xerox 820s Parallel output positive TTL logic strobe Uses only 106mA of 5 volts Custom case available 90 day warranty unmodi fied Keyboard 25 Documentation 21 pgs cable package 5 Spare custom CPU ROM 4 All 3 34 value 30 UPS additional 5 Ib
2. lal itl al sit Ai Panl Taal De ij iN wed eh g w a 17 Detensent T a T os Mi o WIAT Atn GENE Ciddomdit 2 9 RC RS EGR ee poses Hot Potpourri This Winter s Amiga A software developer s first impressions of his Amiga PC Main Lines A System Primer 24 8 Want to know what s going on inside the PC and XT Here s a circuit by circuit overview Comdex The Tale Of One Large City 21 Nothing dramatically new but many upgraded cheaper versions of the old Home Care For The Invalid Computer Part 2 34 We ve dealt with shake and bake so it s time for chips and dips Pascal Runoff The Winners Circle 50 What did 103 people write in Turbo Pascal And who were the best Rescuing Lost Text From Memory 22ee000 2D2 A disk error doesn t have to spell disaster especially when what you want still resides in memory Drawing A Planter In 3 D 6 cece eee e eee eee DS The best Kaypro 84 graphics we ve seen this one could grow on you Turbo Pascal Inline Code From A PRN File 64 No more hand assembly for CP M Turbo SAVE OVER 30 ON OUR GIFT PACKS 60 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE _ How Borland s Three New Holiday Packs Will Fill Your Stocking Without Emptying Your Piggybank ve TURBO GAMEWORKS 69 95 Our new Turbo GameWorks offers games you
3. The Press I heard a lot of voices of frustration from the writers and editors who attended Comdex The frustration was aimed primarily at the show promoters no terminals or special phones so they could file their stories In addi tion the promoters strongly discour aged companies from making such tools available to the press We should protest They re rip ping us all on the hotels and now they re keeping us from filing our stories Maybe we could form a committee Let them know that we won t come to their show if they don t treat us fairly They used to be very helpful They needed us then The computer press has gotten so close to the industry which includes the shows that it s taken for granted Oh we get in free and we get a room to hide in when we re about to throw up from the Oh you re from the press you have to look at In a way the reduction of special goodies is good Perks leave the per kees beholden to perkers But the relationships that have developed be tween the writers and those they are writing about still bind the writers hands It happens in all of journalism You get inside someone s skin and you start thinking the way they do It s only logical 23 49 95 FMT 49 95 Text Formatting System FMT provides most of the features of the high priced Text Formatters at our inexpensive price and it s easier to use too Note
4. 15 15 REPEAT Back to just after BEGIN DECIMAL S Screen 24 Screen 27 0O MENU Menu for file operations 0 Log On values for BRS via Uninet gt 1 STOP REMOTE COMPUTER 1 AT DT 2565248 Type CR CR manually when connected 2 2 SET 200 2 Sets break to B 3 Press the indicated key to select function CR CR 3 SET 79 1 Sets one null after CR y 4 A gt Copy capture buffer into a disk file CR 4 SET 14 1 Sets one null after LF 5 B gt Erase data which was captured in buffer CR CR 5 OWL A Selects service 6 Press any other key to exit from this menu CR 6 314159 Substitute your account 7 7 YOURS Substitute your security 8 KEY 8 1 1 MESH N N This line instructs BRS to skip menus 9 CASE 9 10 41 A OF STORE ENDOF 10 Use manual CR when single CR is needed BRS will default 11 42 B OF WIPE ENDOF 11 to providing 80 character lines and continuous scrolling 12 Neither A nor B Menu aborts CR Default case 12 if you answer with a CR to the screen width and length 13 ENDCASE 13 inquiries from BRS If your messages end with a line other 14 Type Q to restart the remote computer CR 14 than 8 change line in SCR 23 to reflect last line used 15 Or type W to return to file operations menu CR gt 15 SET200 2 9 1 14 1 Alternative to lines 2 3 and 4 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 77
5. RESIDES INTHE MEMORY ADDRESS SPACE OF THE COMPUTER ong extra PALS are available A PAL is shipped COMPATIBLE WITHSWP AND EMERALD DOUBLE DENSITY with each system RAM disk software is incl EXPANDABLE IN 256K INCREMENTS uded with source on disk Please specify 5 or 8 SMALL 4 5 x 6 5 x 75 inch disk PLUGS INTO THE SAME SOCKET AS THE 820 256K P C board interconnect hardware documentation PAL and Software oo ccccccceseceeeccecseeecceeeseeeeseees 75 00 Kit w o RAM all TTL Bypass capacitors sockets plus all of above ooo eee cece cesscesseceecessscseseetseceseeees 125 00 SPECIAL 150 nS 256K dynamic RAMs when ordered with the kit cee eeseescccseeeeeeeeseneeees ea 3 25 Monoitor ROM for the 820 or BB1 with the initialization constants for RAM Mapper 10 00 UNIYERSAL COMPOSITE YIDEO ADAPTER This device was designed to interface any computer with TTL compatible separate sync video outputs like the 820 2 to a composite video monitor The polarity and duration of the horizontal and vertical sync pulses are individually adjustable This allows the user to alter the framing of the display The output is via RCA phono jack W 75 2 output impedance Dot rise and fall times are lt 40 nS for sharp well defined characters 25 00 820 2 B SIZE SCHEMATICS ETCH 2 cscsscsssessessesses 820 2 a 25 00 820 1 B SIZE SCHEMATICS 00 eeessecesesceeeseeseeeeneseees 15 00 820 RESE SWE CH vsacisvonsoes
6. THE LITTLE BOARD NEW TWO BOARDS TO CHOOSE FROM THIRD GENERATION SINGLE BOARD COMPUTERS LITTLE BOARD 186 FEATURES 8 MHZ INTEL 80186 FOR TRUE 16 BIT 128K OR 512K RAM WILL BOOT STANDARD PC DOS 3 TIMES COMPUTING POWER OF A P C RUNS THOUSANDS OF MS DOS GENERIC PROGRAMS COMES WITH MS DOS COMPATIBLE ROM BIOS AND UTILITIES PC SUPPORT SOFTWARE AND SOURCE AVAILABLE FOR 89 00 MULTI LAYER PC BOARD FOR LOW NOISE 4192 x 12019 QQ aar 12x TERMS Shipments will be made approximately two weeks after we receive your order VISA MC cash accepted We will accept COD s with a 75 deposit Balance UPS COD Add 4 00 shipping P O BOX 381450 e DUNCANVILLE TX 75138 214 225 2309 USA AND CANADA ONLY Z80 TM OF ZILOG CP M TM OF D R I LITTLE BOARD TM OF AMPRO PC DOS TM OF IBM MS DOS TM OF MICROSOFT case upcase ch of At begin Halley e 0 9673 a 17 94 step 10 scale 4 statusline goto run end B begin earth e 0 0167 a 1 step 10 scale 35 statusline goto run end Cts begin comet Encke e 0 847 goto run end Dts begin high ecentricity e 0 998 a 50 00 step 5 scale 4 goto run end Ets begin a circle a 2 209 step 10 scale 25 e 20 0 a 1 step 10 scale 40 statusline goto run end F begin my favorite e 20 875 a 18 step 10 soale 4 statusline goto run end HY begin do help info and commands cl
7. Dr Wayne Sugai Bucknell University Lewisburg PA 8 23 85 AO gt ddt ws com Use DDT for patch insertion DDT VERS 2 2 DDT sign on NEXT PC 3F00 0100 Address for WordStar Version 3 0 IWS30PAT HEX I nsert the HEX file R R ead it in NEXT PC 3F00 0100 G0 G o to 0 as in zero AO gt save 62 wsnew com Save 69 for WordStar Version 3 3 3 3 j t reini equ 0292h 3 TRMINI is the terminal initialization area in WordStar When this patch is installed the code will be C3E002 jump to MORPAT This is for WordStar Version 3 0 Change this to 0275h for Version 3 3 gt morpat equ 02e0h MORPAT is the area in WordStar for additional code such as this This is for WordStar Version 3 3 0 Change this to 02cbh for Version 3 3 org trmini Terminal initialization always comes first jmp tpeinit Jump to the patch routine in MORPAT org morpat Patch starts in the MORPAT area tpeinit mvi C 9 CP M BDOS function 9 lxi d fkpat Load function key assignments call 5 BDOS entry patch it all at once Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 FEPAT contains the specifico TPC 1 funotion key assignments and must follow this convention The 14 assignments shown below are arbitrarily selected for use as an example of WordStar functions and should be redefined to suit the user
8. HARD DISK These drives are brand new in factory cartons full size with documentation 299 similar to photo THE SENSIBLE 5 7 DISK DRIVE CABINET KIT SJ FUSED POWER SUPPLY 5A u 5V 48A a 12V E M I FILTER 6 AMP SURGE PROTECTION POWER SWITCH POWER SUPPLY SHIELD VV CONNECTOR AND FAN CUTOUTS ESSAS CONSTRUCTED OF HEAVY GAUGE ALUMINUM THIS UTILITY DISK DRIVE CASE WILL ACCOMMODATE 51 4 HARD DISKS FLOPPY DRIVES HALF HEIGHTS FULL HEIGHTS 2 3 HEIGHTS CONTROLLER CARD AND SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER OVERALL DIMENSIONS 1014 x 10 x 7 ONLY q 1995 COLOR IS TAN 7995 LESS POWER SUPPLY BUSINESS TELEPHONES STOP PAYING MONTHLY PHONE CHARGES These phones are not a cheap import These are the same reliable I T T phones that have served us both for many years Standard 10 button business telephones serviced by Bay Telephone Co ONLY 79 95 limited to color selection on hand BRAND NEW 6 BUTTON BUSINESS TELEPHONES ALLTHE STANDARD FEATURES INCLUDING BUZZERS AND RINGERS LOOKS THE SAME AS ABOVE PICTURE COLOR CHOC BROWN ONLY 5995 LIMITED QUANTITY GO ON LINE WITH UNITED PRODUCTS Take advantage of the many items that space does not allow us to advertise Use your computer to down load our weekly specials and hard to find items Online 24 hours a day 7 days a week 300 or 1200 baud even parity 8 bits with one stop bit The phone number s 206 682
9. SetPriority C8 we re insignificant Since TMPs always have a priority of C6 if you don t believe me just do systat p and since the TMP is always waiting to reattach to the con sole when a program is running we have to set our priority one better lower is better like golf and put in a request to reattach the default VC virtual console Now Exec gets the console back instead of the TMP Oh happy day Errors One more problem though what if the specified command doesn t exist What if there is an error loading the program P__CLI kindly returns an error value in AX and BX If AX is 0 then there was no error if AX is not 0 then BX contains an error code as specified in table 6 5 of the Program mer s Reference We could just look at the error within Exec and print out an error message right then but it would be more flexible if we returned an error code to the caller That way the calling routine can do something wild like automatically trying to execute submit cmd or sim80 cmd It s easiest to make Exec into a function that returns the error num ber or 0 for no error See Figure 1 SHORT PAS for the completed ex ample Now all you have to do to execute another program from within your own application is make the following statement Errnum Exec commandline The command line could be hard coded into the program input from the termi
10. f top 2 workMidPoint point edgeAngte board 0 017853 begin the tapered edges of the sides of the planter must be beveled to this angle for the sides to fit smoothly corners one and three are on the Z axis by now use the X and Y coordinates of the midpoint of the opposite side the line between corners two and four to calculate the angle in relation to the X axis this is the required edge bevel with board do midPoint workMidPoint figure 2 figurel4 edgeAngle 57 2958 abs arctan workMidPoint y workMidPoint x with figure 3 do begin move it over x ts y tz end x figure 1 x yi with figure 4 do begin mirror image of point three end x t figure 3 x y t figure 3 y function angleOfSideToVertical board boardImage end Planter description real var gotoxy 13 22 midTop write view of end of board midBottom point gotoxy 13 23 topDistance write thickness not to scale cee eee 1 real write L cnar 90 char 82 char 132 char 82 gin drawSide figure 0 screenOrigin imageSize delay 2000 this is the angle of a side of the planter measured from the gotoxy 1 10 centerline of the side to the center line of the planter end if planter height 0 then figure is flat Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 listing continued on page 56 55 PLANTER PROGRAM LISTING continu ed from page 55 m
11. put can be directed into memory 7 186 286 instructions supported The built in debugger supports symbolic disassembly Inteer aon with the ert rey as well as disassembly 1 of 8087 186 286 instructions Disp ay 8087 registers in scien with a dynamic register window Is easily invoked Disassemble fic decimal format SPL programs to disk file for easier analysis T SCREEN debugging Single step data editting supported for bytes words double words and 8087 floating constants in memory You can patch assemble a line at a time with symbols from previous assembly even define symbols as you go The linker supports ED ASM 86 link files which can be created from virtually any valid ED ASM 86 source file even lines with multiple external symbols in expressions Note not compatible with usual link format And many more features too extensive to be listed here All of these features exist in one integrated program rogram with the editor or edittin entering a going into the debugger to immediatel ASM was developed for Oliver test the program Then you omputing s own use and has ED ASM 86 is only 95 Send check or M O to Oliver Com uung f ompany P O Box 90140 Indianapolis IN 46290 eli for immediate very via UPS 1771 Junction Ave San Jose CA 95112 408 295 7171 Shipping charged on all orders Minimum order 15 00 Please call on all orders as items are limited to quantities on hand Price
12. Careful ities duct order CA add 6 tax unt Amo MC VISA THE CHALLENGER XT 186 NOT JUST ANOTHER CLONE FULLY IBM COMPATIBLE BUT FOUR TIMES FASTER CHALLENGER XT 186 SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER Standard Features Add On Cards lntel 80186 CPU 8MH Color Graphic Board RGB and composite 320X200 On board 640K parity checked RAM memory Color B amp W 640X200 B amp W only 8 slots for I O Interface Board light pen Input 1 arse eee ee at anee de 120 00 4ch 8237 DMA neds Multifuntion Card Real Time Calendar Clock with Battery o 8 ne B25 Interrupt Backup 2 RS 232 ports built in 3 channel 8253 Timer parallel Gorteci os amint SaaS eee eis 120 00 IBM PC AT like Bus with true 16 bit data path Floppy Diskette Controller Card Double sided double Optional Features density can support 4 floppy P diskette drives tao cucu tee rete dew a tas 70 00 10 MH operation 8087 Numerical Processor support Monochrome Display Card Supports 256 character codes 4 M 4K di i ith TTL The Challenger XT 186 offers full IBM PC XT compatability It AAR A ams plee putter an static 110 00 supports industry standard operating systems MS DOS PC monochrome video output y DOS 1 0 through 3 1 UNIX and CP M and runs all existing Monochrome Graphic Printer Card Two graphic pages software with higher performance The XT 186 mother board with a resoluti
13. H D Standard P O Box 1925 Henderson TX 75653 1925 Editor s note Thanks for the sentiment I enjoy bread too but I m in a bit of a jam for something to put on it As for selling Private Domain software at 25 I was a little against the idea at first However you definitely have advocates among the staff and among other writers so it looks like you re right on the money The 5 royalty would fit into 25 just fine He Likes It MicroSphere RAM disk Micro Sphere RAM disk where have you been all my computer life I ve never written a product en dorsement letter before but the RAM disk demands it It s truly given unbe lievable speed and flexibility to my Kaypro 2 84 I bought the 512K model it took less than an hour to set up I use PluPerfect and it works terrifically with the RAM disk John C Brewer Associated Press Chief of Bureau 1111 S Hill St Room 263 Los Angeles CA 90015 BG Micro s Xerox 820 I bought a Xerox 820 from BG Micro about eight months ago Have there been any design corrections I recall talking to someone who encountered an oversized resistor in the video display circuitry but I don t have any details Also I d like to convert the display output to composite video Any ideas on these questions Jon Pollack 8110 Manitoba 210 Playa del Rey CA 90293 Editor s note Instructions for installing composite vid eo are found in Micro C 15 page 45 As for design corre
14. Power Supply Lake City MN 55041 Enclosure Keyboard Monitor 612 345 4555 Two Drives and Printer Port e Color System assssseresnororrrrsr u Call COD VISA MASTER CARD CERTIFIED FUNDS e Quantity Discounts Upon Request e Call For Info on Add Ons Hard Disks Etc
15. 703 522 1192 John Irwin Miami Amateur Computer Group 9159 South West 77th Ave Miami FL 33156 Voice 305 271 4592 Charlie Wells Atlanta Computer Society 465 Northgate Pass Roswell GA 30075 Voice 404 993 0366 CBBS 404 636 6130 CBBS 404 394 4220 Jim Mills CACHE CPMUG Box C 176 323 South Franklin Chicago IL 60606 7092 Voice 312 469 2596 RCPM 312 469__2597 RCPM 312 545 8086 Dave Hardy Technical CBBS 736 Notre Dame Grosse Pointe MI 48230 Voice 313 885 0506 Voice 313 846 8000 CBBS 313 846 6127 Fred Pfafman Texans Computer Club 2320 Heather Hill Lane Plano TX 75075 Voice 214 596 5034 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 A J Lundquist Denver CP M SIG of Colorado P O Box 633 Broomfield CO 80020 0633 Voice 303 466 7938 CBBS 303 465 1313 James Yuen Aloha Computer Club 919 Luna Helu St Kailua HA 96734 Voice 808 262 2845 Jorge Blat CPMUG of Puget Sound 8016 188th SW Edmonds WA 98020 Voice 206 771 1408 CBBS 206 621 8665 Tim Linehan Olympia RCPM 129 N Decatur Olympia WA 98502 Voice 206 357 7400 Voice 206 357 6300 CBBS 206 352 7530 Sam Lay South Orange County Computer Club 6771 Bonnie Dr Huntington Beach CA 92647 Voice 714 842 6588 Charlie Foster JRT Pascal amp Z Users Group 7962 Center Parkway Sacramento CA 95823 Voice 916 392 2789 CBBS 916 483 8718 Trevor Marshall Thousand Oaks RBBS 3423 Hill Canyon Ave Thousa
16. COD add 2 Sorry no credit cards or purchase orders 30 day guarantee Formats 8 inch IBM Northstar and most 5 inch please specify Write Hand Man only works with CP M 2 2 ZRDOS and CP M 3 0 please specify Simple terminal configuration required Not avail able for TurboDOS Compatible with keyboard extenders hard disks and other accessories Poor Person Software 3721 Starr King Circle Palo Alto CA 94306 415 493 3735 Trademarks Write Hand Man Poor Person Software CP M Digital Research Sidekick Borland International 87 F Little Board 186 495 High Performance Low Cost PC DOS Engine Boots IBM PC DOS not included Three times the COMPUTING POWER of SCS PLUS multi master O aPC expansion bus Data and File Compatible with IBM PC Software Included runs MS DOS generic programs PC DOS compatible ROM BIOS boots 8 MHz 80186 CPU DMA DOS 2 x and 3 x Counter Timers 128 512K RAM zero Hard Disk support wait states 16 128K EPROM OPTIONS Mini Micro Floppy Controller Expansion board with 1 4 Drives Single Double Density 128 or 512K additional RAM 1 2 sided 40 80 track 2 Sync Async RS232 422 2RS239C Serial Ports 50 38 400 serial ports baud 1 Centronics Printer Port Battery backed Real Time Clock Only 5 75 x 7 75 inches mounts See e S directly to a 5 1 4 disk drive sr ne Power Requirement 5VDC at 1 25A SIU Bus
17. IF PrnFileName lt gt THEN BEGIN IniFileName PrnFileName INL dest file always has type of INL PrnFileName PrnFileName PRN main file always has type of PRN END OpenMain OpenDest WRITELN WRITELN writing to file InlFileName WRITELN destFile Inline write reserved word Inline to file WRITE destFile the left parentheses n ProcessFile the code amp comments on WRITELN destFile 00 last byte must not be delimited RESET destFile now read the file WRITELN and write to the console WHILE NOT EOF destFile DO BEGIN READLN destFile Linebuffer WRITELN Linebuffer END CLOSE SourceFile CLOSE DestFile get file name from command line ee ee ee END dont include any file type Plotting Orbits Using Kepler s Equation By George S Fergusson ORBIT PAS was an honorable men tion in the Pascal Runoff and a Micro C favorite It should be a perfect addition to a skywatcher s library George s Pascal programming style is very unorthodox He s put all of his functions and procedures in an Include file like a library and pro gram flow jumps through the large main program from label to label with GOTOs My Pascal Runoff entry will bring Halley s comet into your living room While it s plotting the orbits of plan ets moons asteroids and even com ets it ll graphically teach you the principles of orbital m
18. IFORTH this is Idaho FORTH which can be burned into ROM or loaded from disk It replaces the PFM monitor amp handles all the monitor functions USERS DISK 19 BB I Double Density New BB I Monitor BIOS character ROM Winchester Interface ZCPR and formatter from Trevor Marshall See BB I expansion article in Issue 11 USERS DISK 20 Assemblers CROWEAGSM This is the Crowe assembler modified so that it runs on any CP M system including the BB I BB II Xerox LASM This assembler is similar to the ASM that comes with CP M except that it can link files at assembly time PRINTPRN Print routine for CROWEASM PRN files LIBRARY Utilities which let you combine many files into one then you can run type or extrace any file within the larger system USERS DISK 21 Winchester Utilities BACKUP Helps you back up the winchester onto multiple floppies FLOPCOPY Lets you make floppy copies with only one floppy drive BIGBURST Backs up a very large winchester file onto multiple floppies MULTCOPY Use this like PIP but it prompts you to change disks Accepts ambiguous file names MDIR Displays files in all user areas on selected drive USERS DISK 22 Pascal Compiler This is a real Pascal compiler It supports only a subset of the language no records pointers booleans reals or complex but it generates a real COM file Everything is on this disk the compiler its source example programs and documentation USERS D
19. M A G I C is just 25 00 ppd LITTLE M A G L CTM DEMO AND TUTOR The Demo disc holds shortened versions of the MAGIC and MAGIC modules plus historic security data Easily run via menus and help messages on screen LITTLE M A G I C produces typical output to both screen and printer and provides unlimited practice runs and many enjoyable educational hours The Demo package con tains on disc tutorials on technical analysis moving averages and oscillators and a 13 page illustrated Manual Non investors and investors unfamiliar with technical analysis will find that the Demo gives them an easy way to learn how to create and use moving average oscillator buy sell signals The 25 00 cost of the Demo less a 10 service fee is refundable on any subsequent purchase of M A G I C When purchased in combination with the full program the Demo is available for an extra 6 50 Over 3 4 of our customers choose this combo for a quick introduction to the immense capabilities of the MAGIC and MAGIC modules SEND FOR FREE ILLUSTRATED BROCHURE CATALOG M A G I C ORDER FORM Mark Items Below 25 00 89 95 WARE TOOLS FOR INVESTORS P O BOX 645 SAN LUIS REY CA 92068 619 757 0329 Home Care For The Invalid Computer Part 2 By David Thompson Last issue we discussed a couple of simple diagnostic methods that just about any can handle This time we re starting into a more sophist
20. Microtrol Devices 18611 Pebble Place Nevada City CA 95959 9 goes low Therefore the disk drive motor turns on within 1 5 ms of the drive select line becoming active and turns off 60 seconds after the last disk access One of the most important functions of this unit is to isolate the 115 volt AC line from the low voltage power supplies and the computer To accom plish this I used an optically isolated triac driver Q1 to drive the motor switching triac Q2 Inductive loads the drive motor in this case present a problem both for the triac and the triac driver because the voltage and current are not in phase with each other Since the triac turns off at zero current it may be trying to turn off when the applied current is zero but the applied voltage is high This appears to the triac as a sudden rise in applied voltage which turns on the triac if the rate of rise exceeds the commutating dv dt of the triac or the static dv dt of the triac driver The solution to this problem is pro vided by using snubber networks R7 C5 and R8 C6 to reduce the rate of voltage rise seen by the device The triac snubber R8 C6 in this cAse may be overkill but in most instances the snubber will adequately protect the triac Since the triac snubber is depen dent on the triac used and the load J3 Yl disk R8 DRIVE 47 MOTOR 250V 0 c6 3 COM 5V HOT O4 TO SECTION 2 J pr ee CO SOF ISK me DRIVE MOTOR a i
21. S 100 system Some of the new S 100 products use the IEEE 696 standard s 24 bit address ing capability to avoid making a hole in system RAM However a surpris ing number of utility boards don t use the extended addressing and thus require the user to chop a hole or window into system memory Hardware Windows To make a window in memory you need to modify the system s memory board Sometimes but not usually a manufacturer will let you turn off part of the memory At least one S 100 single board Z80 manufacturer offers a field mod for windowing memory that adds four ICs and about 20 wires The resulting board looks like it s been attacked by a chain saw If you prefer less drastic modifica tions windows without pains you might use one of the circuits shown in Figure 1 or 2 Data Decoding Figure 1 shows a simple addition that will work on any memory board using 8 bit wide static RAMs or EPROMs Figure 2 shows a more general circuit that s good for disabling a 1K block of memory in just about any system Both of these circuits disable the board s INTERNAL data bus driver that is the chip that gates the memo ry IC s data onto the system data bus but each circuit controls the driver for a different reason 14 Figure 1 s circuit assumes the user has removed the memory chip that would normally be located in the window s address area so the memory board would read all 1s in th
22. What do I mean stuck A stuck output is either high around 4V or low around 0 7V or somewhere in the undefined region inbetween 2V to 3V It doesn t move enough to change states go from high to low or vice versa A stuck line is either open bad socket bad solder joint break in the copper trace or shorted to another line When two lines short together the problem may be very difficult to find unless one is ground or 5V So we re looking for lines that are moving high to low low to high If they re moving we ll assume they re OK If they re not moving then we need to know if they should be If they should be all we need to figure out is why they aren t Tools You can t just look at a line or a pin and tell if it s moving at least I can t Even holding your finger on a line won t tell you much unless it s say 110VAC You need a sensitive little helper to tell you what s going on Voltmeter A VoltOhmMilliameter VOM will read a stuck voltage but I haven t found one that will reliably tell you whether a line is wiggling You should have a meter just on principle if only to give your work bench that professional look and if you suspect you have shorts some where we ll discuss longs another time a simple resistance measurement will tell you very quickly Meters aren t particularly expensive one of the newer digital models for 50 to 100 would be good Stay wi
23. a larger disk memory file utility As part of the design I had written two major screen functions one to list a sector ddt fashion with hex codes on the left and print characters on the right and one to edit this array by default If char change it If hex test for hex digits if charQ s gt byte item 0x10 item 6x10 q else if isxdigit q amp amp isxdigit l grabchar s gt byte item 0x10J item 0x10 hexit q 1 now refresh the char indication whether altered or not gotoxy item 0x10 XDISPL item 0x10 CHARDISPL putchar isprint q s gt byte item 0x10 item 0x10 q gotoxy item 0x10 XDISPL 3 item 0x10 YDISPL printf 02x c s gt byte litem 0x10 item 0x10 amp Oxff item 0x10 item break item amp Ox7f for J 0 J lt 0x10 j printf 02x c s gt byteli j amp Oxff j 7 t hyphen between bytes 7 amp 8 puts aaa asa tae putchar isprint q s gt byte iJ j q dot if not printable putchar n RMEREHERD change s struct SEC s char q l item charQ display s for charQ item 0 switch q grabchar case Ox1b charQ IcharQ toggle cursor between hex and chars break case Oxd return pop out on lt CR gt 8 amp case 0x8 item break case Oxa item 0x10 break case Oxb item 0x10 break 26 move around and edit sector bytes sector add
24. a lost text can be recovered after a WARM BOOT writeln control c and sometimes after a COLD BOOT restart button writeln When a program crashes load RESCUE COM immediately Be sure writeln sure to insert a disk that has enough empty space to accept the writeln trecovered file The drive you select to write the file RESCUE TXT writeln on is automatically reset by RESCUE COM to a R W status writeln Learn how to use RESCUE COM before you really need it writeln In an emergency you want to be right the first time writeln Note In a 64k computer its memory is deployed like this writeln 0 100 reserved for CP M writeln 100 16 000 occupied by RESCUE COM itself writeln t 16 000 60 000 Transient Program Area writeln t 60 000 64 000 CP M Operating System writeln write M GO TO MENU lt repeat until keypressed elirser end init_msg function MemoryMarked boolean begin if StartSelected and LocSt lt LocEnd then MemoryMarked true else MemoryMarked false end MemoryMarked procedure WriteFile Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 label EXIT var NumSectors I Areg Try byte DMA integer WroteSector boolean begin Verify addresses and drive and initialize FCB write crlf START ADDRESS LocSt 1 0 erlf END ADDRESS LocEnd 1 0 erlf Write file RESCUE TXT to case drive of
25. but requires customi zation Some otherwise adequate microcom puters for example the IBM PC are slow when displaying a line feed Such machines need one or more nulls from the PAD after each line feed Since the PAD initially provides nulls and can be instructed to provide as many as your system needs Figure 4 you should have no problem no mat ter what system you have You can increase speed by minimiz ing the number of nulls in the data Since setting parameters can be a chore it s worth including the auto matic log on extension The program could be improved by adding error checking instead of dropping the sta tus bytes returned after operating sys tem calls To keep things simple we haven t done this and have never had erratic operation There are many commercial and public domain communications pro grams which can serve as well as the program presented here But for using a text database on a remote computer nnnnnnnnnnnnuninet pad 38f9 port 00 SET9 0 note absence of all nulls C The session after resetting PAD parameters 9 and 14 Logging on to BRS caused the pad to insert 9 nulls after each line feed We could eliminate the 12 nulls resulting from the default PAD settings but not the 9 additional nulls BRS recently changed its software to UNINET service is the UNINET prompt The 6 nulls sent after a carriage return can be eliminated by setting parameter 9 to zero and the 6 nulls
26. card connector 156 spacing 4 2 x 6 card G 10 epox TECHNA KIT TECHNA KIT cat U S M D C SAME SPECS ASU S M D C cat U S M D except a stand alone driver On board clock user optional 1995 No edge connector 2995 DataMac 256K memory expansion card only 1995 with purchase of card get sets of nine 4164 15 for only 695 purchase memory only for l 995 set of nine 31 2 FLOPPY DRIVES SHUGART SA300 9995 BRAND NEW 500K 80 TRACK 135 T P THESE DRIVES GIVE YOU THE SUPER RELIABILITY OF A HARD DISK THEY ARE COMPATIBLE WITH ANY COMPUTER WHICH USES A 1770 1771 1791 OR 1793 CONTROLLER CHIP THEY WILL FORMAT SINGLE DOUBLE OR QUAD DENSITY DEPENDING ON YOUR SOFTWARE XEROX 820 LITTLE AND BIG BOARD KAPRO AMPRO AND LOOK ALIKES AND H P SINGLE SIDED ARE JUST A FEW OF THE COMPUTERS THIS DRIVE CAN BE COMPATIBLE WITH SWITCHING POWER SUPPLY Real Power From a Famous Manufacturer delivers 10 amps at 5V 8 amps at 12V measures only 8 5 by 4 5 and is only 2 25 thick with pinouts 39 limited supply on hand Ball Brothers TV 120 shown above l6mhz Xerox 820 compatible P 4 phosphor B W 12 5995 Ball Brothers TX 7 Xerox 820 compatible 7 flac green screen w antigiare for photography 9995 AudioTronics 964 02 Xerox 820 compatible TTLX Y input 9 green screen 3995 Gi united products inc
27. know how to generate a break Saving Text The safest way to save incoming data is to use a RAM buffer Once you have the data or the buffer is full then you transfer it to disk A reasonable size for the buffer is 30K Longer listings may be accommo dated by using an X off command when the buffer is full Null Of That Your computer also must be able to filter out incoming nulls unless it already ignores them UNINET ap pends 21 nulls 00h to each line of data Figure 1 Originally this was done to give a printer time to do a carriage return and a line feed Nowa days nulls aren t usually needed though some systems still need one continued next page LOOP 41 C000 C LOOP 7A8O 00 00 00 00 00 58 59 50 45 20 49 4E 20 53 45 X1 TYPE IN SEA 7A90 52 43 48 20 54 45 52 4D 53 20 4F 52 45 4E 54 RCH TERMS OR ENT TAAO 45 52 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 OD 00 00 00 00 00 ER COMMAND TABO 00 OA 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 TACO 00 53 31 20 2D 2D 3E 20 20 20 20 50 52 AF 54 41 7ADO 4D 49 XE 45 OD 00 00 00 00 00 00 OA 00 00 00 00 TAEO 00 00 00 OD 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 TAFO 00 00 00 7F 7F 7F 7F 7F 7F 7F 7F 7F 7F 7F 7F 7F 7B00 7F 7F 7F 41 31 20 20 20 20 20 20 37 33 33 20 20 7B10 44 AF 43 55 4D 45 4E 54 53 20 46 SF 55 4E 44 OD 7B20 00 00 00 00 00 00 OA 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7B30 00 00 00 00 00 00 54 59 50 45 20 49 HE 20 53 45 TYPE IN SE TEST 2 FFFO TEST 3 FFFO TEST 4 FFFO TE
28. memory Figure 2 s circuit uses system address to disable memory which is a more general but more complex meth od Although this circuit probably couldn t be used in a single board system either its general idea could be applied in any situation even dynamic RAM and over any range of address es Figure 2 is really just a simple address decoder that disables the memory s output driver whenever a specific memory area is addressed This sample circuit is set up to make a window that starts at address 1000H and extends to address 1FFFH I have seen both of these circuits in S 100 boards often I suspect as an afterthought of the manufacturer Next Time Response from TurboDos based mul ti processor S 100 manufacturers has been rather slow so I ve had to delay our expedition into TD land for a while I hope to have some informa tion and informal comparisons by the next issue Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 PROGRAMMER 4 A LOW COST ALTERNATIVE TO EPROM PROGRAMMING Reads and programs 2716 2732 2764 and 27128 EPROMS Reads 2 16K ROMS Direct connect to any RS232C terminal or computer Plug selectable as either a data set or data terminal All voltages made on board no power supplies needed User supplies power Xformer 25 2 to 30 VAC C T 1 Amp Power electronically switched can t damage EPROMS Zero insertion force socket for EPROM Programs verifies and dumps in
29. printer utility character set editor DB analyze bicycle gearing adventure game game print sideways on printer write your congressman file encryption 18 month calendar function key redefinition utilities for use in psychological testing adventure game calculate loan payments fractal graphics printer utility print sideways on printer text editor vocabulary builder Kaypro bells and whistles combines files into one archive file run time package for CHN files show MSDOS directory tree times cassette tapes game graphics editor for 84 Kaypros DB display orbits table of contents for WordStar file encryption file encryption polar cartesian coordinate transform CP M to 8 MSDOS file transfer printer graphics theater inventory sort utility will Turbo COM run on this size system math teacher graphics editor for 84 Kaypro game typing game file lister library of procedures for 84 Kaypros school grades spreadsheet modify cursor calculate maximum altitude of model rocket CP M shell printer utility generates inline code from PRN file Knowles Lee Losch Marks Marsh McCoy McKinnon Meacham Meacham Mierau Mierau Mitton Murphy Naleway Oshel Oualline OQualline Oxborrow Palmer Penney Pisarchuk Reed Regan Rock Rogers Rogers Rosenberg Roussi Rowley Rudd Runcie Ryall Sailors Salvador Schmid Schmittroth Schrum Shiflett Shiflett Shyne Skirvin Smith Snyder Sosman Sp
30. quarreled with his parents using the third conjugation I had visions of Rome falling because somebody couldn t remember the dative plural of Visigoth in a moment of panic Only later while shaking my head over foreign students struggling with the mysteries of English word order and the perversities of our preposi tions did I recognize that easy and natural describe the state of the user and not the language itself When Is C Obscure Still I ve slogged through enough of other folks listings to know that the very power of C code can lead to a mare s nest of control structures and variables which even the best inten tioned comments cannot untangle Nothing as unspeakable as a long BASIC program full of gosubs and gotos but something approximating the fine print in an insurance policy You know something is being said and at a rather high rate but what exactly Since I have written acres of C code in the last year or two I decided to revisit some of my utilities and library functions to see what code could be followed right off the bat what couldn t and what could be learned from the stylistic differences between the two I also pulled out some of my Pascal listings for comparison After suppressing the temptation to recode rather than go on with my speed reading I came to the conclu sion that C is no more or no less self documenting than Pascal Choose your variable n
31. real message stringType var screenOrigin twoDPoint location of origin on screen imageSize real largest size image displayed begin display the side during the creation translation and tilting of the figure used as visual check during calculations imagesize 80 sizeFactor screenOrigin Y 50 screenOrigin X 80 elrscr writeln message write L char 82 char 33 char 82 char 192 write L char 33 char 112 char 132 char 112 drawSide figure 0 screenOrigin imageSize delay 2000 end const testing true begin setUpBoard 54 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 to see the board image used to calculate dimensions angleOfSideToVertical set usingGraphics and testing to true else if planter topDiameter planter bottomDiameter then 90 setUpImage board planter if usingGraphics and testing then figure is straight sided drawIt board figure planter largestDimension set up angleOfSideToVertical 0 poveCornerOneToOrigin board else if usingGraphics and testing then with board do drawIt board figure planter largestDimension move to origin begin tiltBoard board planter if usingGraphics and testing then drawIt board figure planter largestDimension tilt midPoint midTop figure 1 figurel2 end midPoint midBottom figurel3 figure 4 topDistance distanceBetweenPoints midtop topCente
32. runtime library Now think about what happens when you run Turbo under CCP M to compile a program that may later be run with CP M Seems our little application program will come with a prepatched library huh By the way you may run into many programs that have this input prob lem As long as they are well modular ized you can use the same idea to patch them Cutting Turbo Down To Size Ever see Out of memory on your screen Kind of makes you want to bash the tube in with your forehead doesn t it Sometimes it happens be cause you don t have much memory but when you have 512K it usually happens because you have a couple of real memory hogs running I hate to keep beating on Turbo but it happens to be one of these hogs even though it doesn t need to be Turbo automatically tries to give itself 256K of data space plus 35K of code when it starts Running two copies of Turbo doesn t even leave enough memory for a nose picking program we ll get into robotics later The silly thing is that Turbo wouldn t know what to do with more than 128K of memory anyway It s easy to fix the problem Just modify the header record the first 128 bytes of the CMD file It happens that byte 10 and 11 specify the Maxi mum Paragraphs for Data As deliv ered it asks for 4000 paragraphs 256K Just change byte 11 from 40 to 10 and it will only request 64K I ve been using this modified Turbo for over a mont
33. 2 Source KAYPRO DISK K9 ZCPR KAYPRO DISK K10 Assemblers KAYPRO DISK Kil Library amp Checkbook Programs KAYPRO DISK K12 FORTH KAYPRO DISK K13 Source of fig FORTH KAYPRO DISK K14 Smartmodem Program KAYPRO DISK K15 Hard Disk Utilities KAYPRO DISK K16 Pascal Compiler KAYPRO DISK K17 Z80 Tools KAYPRO DISK K18 System Diagnosis KAYPRO DISK K19 Prowriter Graphics KAYPRO DISK K20 Color Graphics Routines KAYPRO DISK K21 SBASIC Routines amp Screen Dump KAYPRO DISK K22 ZCPR Again KAYPRO DISK K23 Fast Terminal Software amp New BYE KAYPRO DISK K24 MBASIC Games amp Keyboard Translater KAYPRO DISK K25 Z80 Macro Assembler KAYPRO DISK K26 EPROM Programmer amp Character Editor KAYPRO DISK K27 Typing Tutor KAYPRO DISK K28 Modem 730 KAYPRO DISK K29 Turbo Pascal Games 1 With Source KAYPRO DKSK K30 Turbo Pascal Games II With Source KAYPRO DISK K31 Turbo Bulletin Board KAYPRO DISK K32 Forth 83 Much Fancier Forth KAYPRO DISK K33 A super utilities disk KAYPRO DISK K34 Five games plus source mostly Turbo KAYPRO DISK K35 Small C Compiler amp Source Vers 2 1 KAYPRO DISK K36 Small C Library of 100 functions Disks 12 00 each ROMS Pro 8 Version 3 for Kaypro 4 83 Features include 1 Screen dump with selectable dump character 2 Select slow or fast step rate for each drive 3 Automatically figures out what type of drive you are using Plus User selectabl
34. 5593 New items are added weekly Don t miss out call each week DataMac Dual Async Card card only comes with one active port you add the second 8250 and connector with documentation 9995 PLUG INTO SAVINGS FOR YOUR I B M DataMac Dual Async card with 64K of memory expandable to 256K you add the second 8250 and connector 8995 CONTROLLER CARDS D T C 1403 D shown with optional software and adaptor control two 8 851 DSDD and two 8 1000 type 2 4995 D T C 520 1 control four 5 25 DSDD and two ST 506 type hard disks 9995 HOST ADAPTER FOR ABOVE CONTROLLERS for most popular Z 80 computers The Winif Adapter and software 5995 BUILDING A ROBOT WE CAN HELP 12 VDC STEPPER MOTORS STANDARD 6 LEAD 4 PHASE STEP ANGLE 7 5 RESISTANCE PER PHASE 36 OHM SHAFT 4 lt 5 O D 1 4 x 2 4 3 FLANGE REG PRICE 32 00 995 EA 6 EA WITH PURCHASE OF ANY STEPPER DRIVER KIT UNIVERSAL STEPPER MOTOR DRIVER KITS T UNIVERSAL STEPPER MOTOR DRIVER KIT PEREECT UR ROROTICS AND MANY OTHER APPLICATIONS marua mmeo FOR DIRECT CONTROL FROM YOUR COMPUTER Control almost any stepper motor forward REVERSE and step sequence For stepper motors rated 7 VDC 12 0 VDC Uses a power supply with an output of between 3 0 VDC and 12 0 VDC Modifications included for motors rated above 12 0 VDC Inputs outputs are on a standard 22 pin edge
35. 60 00 60 00 175 00 20 00 75 00 15 00 40 00 90 00 50 00 140 00 15 00 35 00 50 00 35 00 96 00 200 00 DISK DRIVE BONANZA DISK DRIVES SURPLUS Tandon TM501 full ht 5 megabyte formatted One platter two heads access 85 msec 612 tracks 306 cylinders 12V 1 5A typical 5max 5V 8A 119 00 SURPLUS Tandon TM502 full ht 10 megabyte formatted Two platters four heads access 85 msec 1 224 tracks 306 cylinders 225 00 SURPLUS TM 503 full ht 15 megabyte formatted Three platters six heads access 85 msec 1 836 tracks 306 cylinders 340 00 SURPLUS TM 602S full ht 5 yte formatted Twe platter coD Y access 99 msec 612 tracks 1 vylinders 95 00 SURPLUS Tandon TM 603SE full ht 11 megabyte formatted Three platter six head access 137 msec 1 380 tracks 230 cylinders 225 00 Tulin TL226 half ht 20 megabyte 500 00 Tulin TL240 half ht 32 megabyte 800 00 Microscience HH725 hlf ht 20 megabyte 512 00 Microscience HH612 hlf ht 1Omegabyte 380 00 TEAC SD510 half ht 10 megabyte requires 130W power sypply for P C Shugart SA455 Panasonic JA55112N 5 half height 48TPI 40 track 6 msec double sided TEAC FD55BV 48 TPI 40 track 6msec half height double sided TEAC FD55FV 5 half height 96TPI 80 track 3msec double sided TEAC FD55 GFV AT 5 1 2 megabyte tloppy tor IBM PC AT TEAC FD35F 3 2 80 track 135 TPI double sided NEW N
36. AGapter 12VDC at 05A On board 12V Utilities source code converter TurooDOs Networking BOOKSH ELF Series 200 Fast compact high quality versatile PC DOS system Three times the COMPUTING POWER ot a PC Priced from 1295 00 10MB System Oniy 1945 00 Software Inciuded Data and File compatible with IBM PC DOS 2 x and 3 x Runs MS DOS generic programs Dbase Il Muitipian Wordstar Supercalc 2 Turbo Pascal Fortran 77 Microsoft C Lattice C IBM Macro Assembler intel compilers amp tools GW Basic etc Works with any RS232C ASCII terminal not included Compact 7 3 x 6 5 x 10 5 inches 12 5 pounds all metal construction Based on Little Board 186 512K RAM no wait states Two RS232 serial ports One Centronics printer port One or two 360 Kb floppy drives 10MB internal hard disk drive option PC DOS Compatible ROM BIOS boots DOS 2 x and 3 x Hard Disk Support T Maker Ill Word processing spreadsheet relational database spelling checker and data encrypt decrypt Expandable Floppy expansion to four drives Hard disk and tape expansion SCSI PLUS multi master i O expansion bus DISTRIBUTORS ARGENTINA FACTORIAL SA 1 41 0018 TLX 22408 BELGIUM CENTRE ELECTRONIQUE LEMPEREUR 041 23 4541 TLX 42621 CANADA DYNACOMP COMPUTER SYSTEMS LTD 604 879 7737 ENGLAND QUANT SYSTEMS 01 253 8493 TLX 946240 REF 19003131 FRANCE EGA
37. AREAS with any editor command Hey Winchester owners check this out Execute CP M COMMANDS without leaving the editor Rename Copy Erase Type Directory Log Set up use and save on disk an UNLIMITED NUMBER of POWERFUL KEYBOARD MACRQ S TOTALLY RECONFIGURE THE KEYBOARD to look like another editor if you desire so you don t have to learn new control keys Use one of the FASTEST SEARCHES EVER WRITTEN We take advantage of the powerful Z 80 string handling instructions Sorry 8080 owners this one s too fast for you INSTANTLY configure EXPRESS for your terminal or computer using the included terminal data base Over 50 predefined terminals Edit FILES LARGER THAN MEMORY with EASE Easily enter and edit CONTROL and HIGH BIT CHARACTERS Other EXPRESS 2 0 features DYNAMIC word WRAP UNWRAP e Full Cursor control and then some EASY to SET TABS GLOBAL SELECTIVE LITERAL IGNORE CASE REPLACE FULL BLOCK INSTRUCTIONS including BLOCK PRINT BLOCK SAVE amp INCLUDE VARIABLE SPEED FAST BI DIRECTIONAL AUTO SCROLL e GOTO PAGEN LINEN COMPACT Only 24K on disk 19K in RAM for program EXPRESS VERSION 1 0 SAMPLER Version 1 0 is a sample copy available FREE on your local Bulletin board or for only 10 00 from us Version 1 0 was a very preliminary version of EXPRESS and did not yet have all functions implemented However we feel it is a good way to allow you to see for yourself the power of EXPRESS before y
38. Construction Notes The structure must be light and stiff I used mostly corrugated cardboard with a few pieces of 3 4 wood cove molding in the upper corners and across the front at the bottom for extra stiffening Cardboard can be remarka bly strong especially if the directions of the corrugations are crossed in alternate layers To lay out the tracks for the ellipse I drew the CRT screen and the mea sured location of my eye to full scale on an easel pad Then I got my ellipse by cut and try There are two con straints in drawing the ellipse 1 its major axis A A in Figure 3 must pass through one focus F1 and through the eye position F2 and 2 the ellipse must clear the screen by a 80 Boundary Rd Malden MA 02148 small but comfortable margin The solid part of the ellipse in Figure 3 is all that is used for the filter I have drawn the unused part with dashed lines just to show how it all goes together The light trap of course must be placed at F1 it is formed by the bottom of the box Figure 5 illustrates the classical method of constructing an ellipse using drawing pins and a piece of string The cut and try part comes in getting just the right amount of slack in the string so that the ellipse falls in the desired place relative to the screen as shown in Figure 3 Having gotten my curve and sketched a suitable shape for the light shield I pricked the outlines of the shield and curve throu
39. DOCUMENTATION AND SOFTWARE ON DISKETTE PARTS KIT WITH SOFTWARE AND DOC gt 179_PCB SSOFTWARB amp DOC gt 69 SOFTWARE ON 8 amp 5 1 4 DISK FOR KAYPRO OSBORNE IBM amp OTHER FMTS a nn rn a i a a i i ii i ii i i iii ii iii ii ii iii i i iiiM TO ORDER SEND CHECK MONEY ORDER WRITE OR CALL ANDRATECH P O BOX 222 MILFORD OHIO 45150 513 752 7218 CALL OR WRITE FOR MORE INFORMATION ADD 4 00 FOR SHIPPING OHIO RES ADD 55 TAX VISA MC ACCEPTED 300 POR COD The Servo Process Contro Board is a general purpose multi channel analog and digital input output controller which can communicate with and control most medium scale industrial processes Designed to work with the Servo Industrial Microcomputer or other computers which support the SASI interface it offers great accuracy at prices starting as low as 495 E American made B MILSPEC components 1 year warranty Maximum configuration includes W 192 analog inputs B 64 analog outputs E 128 digital inputs E 512 digital outputs Based on the INTERSIL 14 Bit A to Dconverter BCommunicates with any micro or mainframe computer W Easily programmed in high level languages Turbo Pascal Microsoft Basic Forth W PID FFT Thermo couple linearization and laboratory DAS software supplied W Custom software and hardware engineering assistance available 360 B N Ellensburg St RYO SERVO COMPUTER CORPORATION 503 247 2021 SERVO INDUSTRIAL PROC
40. I m working at home today because it would be very difficult to get to the office It wouldn t be impossible I could strap on the skis and get there in half an hour But the staff thinks I m stranded so what the heck What a snow job This is the most snow I ve ever seen in Bend and it s beautiful There s no wind so it forms powdery frosting peaks on branches and fences and vehicles I know they re under there somewhere Officially it s two feet deep and still snowing but I prefer to measure alongside the walk I ve shoveled There it s three feet Easily Those of you who see Bend during the SOG see only a small part of the beauty of this area On second thought what am I doing in here Where d I put the wax X16 Every once in a while we get word back that our readers have gone bonkers over something we ve cov ered The latest example of such response is the X16 We d been hoping to try out one for ourselves but after mentioning it at SOG IV we heard very little from Dean and Earl they designed the hardware and software for the Slicer and then split off to do the X16 It turns out that they were inundated by orders It seems that everyone wants a very compatible system that s priced like a Kaypro but outruns an AT Anyway I m getting more and more interested in the system but I know that Dean and Earl have been reduced to sharing a cobbled together prototype It always happens to a small
41. Mitek Echelon M ASM 2500AD M lt BE min sec 1 17 3 26 5 25 6 13 2Mhz 8 SS SD 37 ZAS MUR a seen 1 00 Z80ASM 1 00 Z80ASM 06 22 49 1 00 8Mhz Ram Disk Now fully compatible with M80 in Z80 mode with many exten sions Time amp date in listing 16 char externals plus many other features To order or to find out more about our complete family of development tools call or write __ 5 LR_Systems 1622 N Main St Butler PA 16001 800 833 3061 412 282 0864 Telex 559215 SLR SYS C O D Check or Money Order Accepted SHIPPING USA CANADA 3 OTHER AREAS 10 280 CP M compatibility required ZENET NETWORK through twist pair 6Mhz HD64B180 Z80 upward compatible byte on board 256K installed 384K RAM DISK LAN ZENET port 800K baud CSMA CD twist pair bus type upto 500 meters HDLC e Floppy 3 5 5 and 8 inch d s density d s sided and d s track automatic desity format checking Hard disk SCSt interface on board Video 80 24 characters color and 640 X 200 pixels color graphic 128K byte video RAM character set is downloaded from disk Timer battery back up calendar Serial RS232C X 2 and TTL X 1 e Parallel Centronics type 16 bit TTL 78 bit keyboard port 32 characters FIFO OS Turbo Dos MP M multiuser banked CP M plus single user Size 10 X 6 Inch 4 layered Assembled and tested BIOS source code available Comp
42. Pascal is there are times when it can t keep up with time critical jobs At these times the only answer is to use a machine language ML routine Borland offers two mechanisms which allow you to interface between Pascal and ML EXTERNAL procedures and INLINE machine code In 16 bit systems CP M 86 and PC MS DOS the Pascal runtime system loads EXTERNAL subprograms from the disk file specified in the external procedure statement The only restric tion is that the executable code in the file must be relocatable The interface is thus fairly easy and painless For the CP M 80 version of Turbo EXTERNAL routines must be specified with their address By using Turbo s End subcommand an area above the program can be reserved for machine code to be loaded at runtime See Pascal Procedures in Micro Cornucopia issue 17 for an example of this meth od Although a bit cumbersome this is probably the best method for large machine code files Low Level Input High Level Lan guage My topic this time is the other technique INLINE machine code for CP M 80 The syntax for the INLINE statement is inline 10 1234 count name 3 The reserved word INLINE is fol lowed by a series of code elements enclosed in parentheses separated by slashes Code elements can be numeric constants symbolic names or expres sions involving constants symbols and the current location counter indi cated by Only addition and
43. Post Office Box 10430 Marina del Rey CA 90295 Phone credit card orders to 213 306 7412 Overseas Distributors Germany Forth Systeme Angelika Flesch D 7820 Titisee Neustadt UK System Science Ltd London EC1A 9JX France Micro Sigma S A R L 75008 Paris Japan Southern Pacific Ltd Yokohama 220 Australia Wave onic Associates 6107 Wilson W A 28 AUTOMATIC TIMEIDATE STAMPING OF FILES WITH am im a A ED am a gava ONE PACKAGE FOR ALL CPIM SYSTEMS 100 compatible with CP M Z Z and resides in same space Uses your computer s hardware software clock 10 15 faster disk read write User selectable default drive user area Automatic disk re iogging Full Access to ALL 31 user areas Completely replaces BDOS and CCP Efficient backup utility Requires QBIOS or CP M 2 x 9 new transient commands 5 new system calls AUTOMATIC INSTALLATION TO ANY CPIM SYSTEM QP M is automatically written to your system tracks using QINSTALL and your SYSGEN program KayprolXerox BB I BIOS Available MICROCode offers a custom BIOS for Kaypro and Xerox Big Board owners ona bootable QP M disk by MICROCode COMPLETE QPIM PACKAGE with Documentation Includes Sorted DiRectory program Displays time date system files and LBR directories Copies and verifies only new or updated files Installs QP M on system tracks All PIP functions plus copies files with current or existing time date All STAT functions plus shows or changes file da
44. Screen 23 prevents lines containing no messages from being sent The Program In Retrospect Substituting a memory read for the serial port read in screen 20 and other minor changes allowed us to estimate the time required for one pass through the entire program including display ing the received character and plac ing the character in the capture buffer The average time is 3 5 milliseconds nnnnnnnnnnnn nnnnnn by n Normally nulls are filtered There are 21 nulls at the start of each line nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnBRS MESH 1979 APR 1985 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnTYPE IN SEARCH TERMS OR ENTER COMMAND nnannnannnnnoannnnnnnns 1 gt PROTAMINE B The effects of changing the PAD parameters when logging onto service nnnnnnnnnnnnservice nnnnnnservice SET14 0 for the Vector 4 using a 5MHz 8088 and CPM 86 Of this time the operat ing system uses about half 1 77 milli seconds see Fig 2 to write to the CRT Adding appropriate extensions to this program shouldn t create timing problems Older 4MHz Z80 machines which use a separate terminal should work nicely Computers with relatively slow CPUs and integral terminals for exam ple the Vector 4 using the 5MHz Z80 drop a character when the buffer char acter count is displayed It would be ideal to take advantage of memory mapped video and write the capture buffer directly to video RAM This is simple to do and solves timing problems
45. THEN WRITE PrnFileName t not found WRITELN Enter file name or lt RETURN gt to end READLN Strt IF Stri THEN HALT Stri z CopyTo Str1 strip file type if entered InlFileName Stri INL PrnFileName t Stri PRN END UNTIL OK END open main ELSE OK e TRUE FUNCTION Trim S workstring workstring trim spaces fore and aft BEGIN 1 t and LENGTH S gt 0 DO delete S 1 WHILE S LENGTH S J 1 and LENGTH S gt 0 DO delete ts LENGTH S 1 CLOSE fp 5 WHILE S 1 END ELSE Open TRUE Trim t S END open END Trim PROCEDURE OpenDest FUNCTION CopyTo ch 1 char Stri filename filename BEGIN VAR ASSIGN destFile InlFileName St filename REWRITE destFile 3 BEGIN END open dest S iz te Stri te Stri ch so while loop will exit PROCEDURE ProcessFile the next line copies Stri to S char by char until LABEL 10 WHILE Stril LENGTH S 1 lt gt ch DO S 3 Stri LENGTH S 1 VAR destBuff workstring CONST Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 gram dies Usually however you don t want your program to die You want it to at least do something such as create the file or look elsewhere for the old one The IORESULT function in Turbo leads to the solution After each I O statement is executed the IORESULT function receives an integer which it checks to see if the I O statement was successful A 0 indi cates s
46. UG 1 240 Disksides CP M UG 1 92 Disksides PICO NET 1 34 Disksides KAYPRO UG 1 54 Disksides EPSON UG 1 52 Disksides Public Domain User Group Catalog Disk 5 pp Send your check amp specify computer format Rental is for 7 days after receipt 3 days grace to return Use credit card no disk deposit Shipping handling amp insurance 9 50 per library 619 941 0925 Orders amp Technical 9 to 5 619 727 1015 24 Hr 3 Min Info Recording Have your credit card ready National Public Domain Software 1533 Avohill Dr Scot a Vista CA 92084 VISA 1 800 621 5640 wait BBB for tone dial 782542 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 BD Software Inc maker of the original CP M 80 c Language Development System knows Time is precious So the compilation linkage and execution speeds of BDS C are the fastest available even especially on floppy based systems Just ask any user With 15 000 packages sold since 1979 there are lots of users New Ed Ream s RED text editor has been integrated into the package making BDS C a truly complete self contained C development system Powerful original features CDB symbolic source level debugger fully customizable library and run time package for convenient ROM ing of code XMODEM compatible telecommunications package and other sample applications National User s Group provides direct access to the wealth of public domain software written i
47. Up to 99 income and 99 expense categories user assignable Prints checks P amp L month quarter YTD single account details check ledger Generates a printable income expense journal for audit trail MAILLIST 89 00 Mailing list filing program 10 fields per record and up to 900 records per file files limited only by disk space Sort print all or partial list by most fields on 1 2 or 3 across labels on 80 col printer Search add to delete or edit by most fields MBADATA 89 00 A data base filing system usable without learning any special language or control codes Up to 253 characters 24 fields 900 records per file Sort print display any fields in any location in any order desired Menu driven with step by step prompts STANFORM 79 00 Need to fill out pre printed forms Then this program was made for you Generates programs for printing data in the proper location on any pre printed form that will fit into your printer Each form need be generated only once as it is saved on disk FINANCE 79 00 Personal finance prints checks posts to as many as 120 user assignable expense categories posts checks amp deposits reconciles multiple checking accounts etc Similar program for up to 9 charge cards Extracts prints listings for various categories TOUCHTYP 49 00 Parallels high school college level touchtyping course Displays typos final score Timed speed drill mode Electronic typewriter mode converts your printer to a
48. Visa Mastercard personal checks money orders and purchase orders from established companies We also ship UPS COD Call or write to place order or to obtain literature i Echelon Ime 101 Firststreet Suite427 Los Altos CA 94022 415 948 3820 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 Having Your Pascal And Modula Too Excerpts From A Talk At SOG IV By Mike Weisert If you missed SOG IV then you missed this talk by Mike Weisert one of the software writers at Borland assigned to create the Modula Tool Kit If anyone knows Modula Mike should Modula 2 a Pascal like program ming language provides facilities missing from standard Pascal Al though it s distantly related to Algol its direct precursors are Pascal and Modula 1 Modula 2 originated when Niklaus Wirth Swiss computer scientist decid ed to use a single language for all his programming Rather than modify an existing one or embellish Pascal he designed a new language Modula 2 or just Modula is equally suitable for expressing high and low level algorithms and allows very large programs to be written in a clear manageable form It s a high level lan guage which can replace assembly language in all but the most time critical situations Modules Wirth modules are similar to Pascal programs but more flexible thanks to nested modules and libraries Pascal allows nested procedures but Modula 2 can separate visibility from
49. XT AT 256k RAM 3 00 shipping DOS 2 0 MS FORTRAN 77 Mass residents add V3 2 or IBM Professional 5 sales tax FORTRAN and graphics 2I Wicrosiypr Systems P O Box 1066 printer or color card Trademarks IBM of IBM East Arlington MA 02174 MS of Microsoft to host Shugart 1610 adapter controller to drive _SASI to 5T506 412 5 HARD DISK CONTROLLERS These new factory sealed Shugart controllers come with all documentation They will control up to two 5 hard disk drives with up to 8 heads each These unique controllers will mount directly on the drive By the change of an EPROM they change their instruction set to emulate other popular controllers Shugart 1610 3 emulates Xebec S1410 1610 1 emulates DTC 510 1610 4 SCSI version similar to ADAPTEC 4000 Using standard host adapters they work with Apple Il II IHE Wavemate Bullet MAC see Sept Dr Dobbs All AMPRO boards little board etc TRS 80 model IH IV And other systems with SASI Ports ISI 5160 PC clone or host adapters Quantity pricing available e Computer Surplus Store 408 248 0134 e Other controllers also available for 8 and 14 drives including Shugart SA1000 4000 SERIES and Quantum 2000 SERIES DTC 1404 1404D 1403 1403D 14081 1420 1 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 83 On Your Own By David Thompson I ve heard lots of tales about share ware or freeware Some people say it must
50. after each line feed can be eliminated by setting Parameter 14 to zero 78 nnonnnnnnnS1 gt eliminate the 9 nulls nmnnnnnnnnBRS MESH 1979 APR 1985 nnnnnnnnnTYPE IN SEARCH TERMS OR ENTER COMMAND PROTAMINE Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 this program has the advantage of having all the required functions and no options Availability of the source code in FORTH permits extensions for special requirements Ruminations After using BRS for three years we have some advice Initial search words are only a keyhole into the data browsing and several iterations are required to obtain good results BRS searches not only the keywords but also the title author source fields and the abstracts Consequently you ll find more citations for a given search word using BRS than other on line sources for the MEDLINE data Ref 3 In some searches the only way to exclude irrelevant references will be to read through 100 or more titles on line Potentially useful references can be selected for downloading in the long form which usually includes a 250 word abstract Downloaded data should be written to disk and the session promptly ended detailed reading and all editing and printing should be done off line Abstracts may be all that are required but when we need the full text we use a library only after the citations have been identified Acknowledgement Daniel Amiot supplied terminal be
51. and the black point at the other The mirror can be expanded to an elliptical trough or cylinder and the point can be expanded to a surface parallel to the axis of the cylinder Same result Suppose we replace the mirror with a sheet of transparent color filter mate rial We can see the screen through that and the only thing we can see reflected from it is the light trap the black surface There are no distracting reflections off the filter sheet because reflected light from any other source just doesn t go to your eye The black surface doesn t give off any light As a result the filter sheet assuming it is smooth and clean actually seems to disappear Figure 3 shows the desired arrange ment The light shade is a box like structure with the front and back open you look right through it at the screen The sides contain grooves or tracks into which you slide your sheet of filter material These tracks in turn serve to shape the filter into the desired elliptical form The inside of the box is painted flat black and there s your light shade and light trap all in one The result is shown in Figure 4 greatly reduced stray illumination on the screen and at the same time absolutely no reflections from the filter sheet Figure 4 After ek printer fe chadd cenflered fer ar SRK iae prograat seater ee Carkxi sions Rh defiant Pre Some welei piere teh a T see Chm On meien tastin ke
52. are 35 per year for standard access or 125 per year gets you a VIP membership that includes UNLIMITED sys tem usage and a monthly update disk of CP M software in Kaypro format Join over 700 other users who have made the right choice Fees are refundable if you re not satisfied within the first 30 days Contact Steve Sanders at TBKUG DataCOM 2643 Cedarview Court Clearwater FL 33519 or call 813 791 1454 55 by modem and download an application 30 Interested in 32 bit Technology Systems amp applications level programmer wanted to join the Definicon team Call Trevor Marshall 805 492 3693 or 818 889 1646 The darndest thing I ever did see J if you re at all interested in what s going on in your system it s worth it Jerry Pournelle BYTE Sept 83 areas C C Software 100 Ever Wondered What Makes CP M Tick Source Code Generators by C C Software can give you the answer To modify the system to just edit and assemble with ASM CP M 75 1 50 postage in Calif add 6 5 The S C G programs produce fully commented and labeled source code for your CP M system the CCP and BDOS your liking CP M 2 2 45 1907 Alvarado Ave Walnut Creek CA 94596 415 939 8153 CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc Disk Drive Sales amp Service For Sale Shugart SA 800 2 79 SA 850
53. as Inline procedures Unfortunately entering machine code from the keyboard hand assem bling as it were is tedious and prone to errors INLINE COM my Pascal Runoff entry will create this code from a PRN file Figure 7 Inline Routine TYPE Workstring STRING 126 Filename STRING 12 VAR PrnFileName Filename 1 InlFileName Filename SourceFile t TEXT DestFile 3 TEXT I J t INTEGER OK t BOOLEAN linebuffer Workstring ASSION fp Name RESET fp 14 IF IOresult lt gt 0 THEN BEGIN Open FALSE CopyTo t2 S END 64 tea Open VAR fp TEXT name filename BOOLEAN IN I so program does not terminate on bad filename 1 0 checking active again Theory Of Operation To use enter A gt INLINE filename file type PRN assumed The PRN file is opened and text is processed and written to a file created with filename INL The original program was designed to work on PRN files generated by Z80MR But it turns out that some assemblers ASM for example insert blank lines at the beginning of the PRN file To generalize the program to handle other assemblers I substitut ed the line If Length Linebuffer gt 0 Then for the line If linebuffer 2 lt gt Then in PROCEDURE ProcessFile See Fig ure 1 To have readable INL files all tabs in the PRN file must first be expand ed to spaces with PIP A gt PIP fname prn fname prn
54. both h and c 2 YAM Yet Another Modem program in source amp COM form Turns BB into paging intelligent terminal complete with printer interface baud rates to 9600 3 ROFF text formatter 4 SIGNS prints large block letters USERS DISK 9 1 ADVENTURE expanded 550 pt version 2 Keyboard translation program 3 CBIOS serial amp parallel printer interface 4 EPROM programmimg package for BB II for 2732s only USERS DISK 10 Lots of Disk Utilities 1 REBOOT sets up the CP M auto load 2 SWEEP directory file transfer routine 3 A Lets BB I recognize a double sided drive as one drive with 494K of usable space 4 FIX super disk utility does everything much easier to use than DU77 5 Compare files routine 6 UNERA retrieve erased files 7 FIND check all drives on system for a file 8 MENU menu program for CP M 9 NEWCAT enhanced disk catalog program 10 Single drive copy program that does track by track copies rather than file by file 8 CP M 80 Disks from Micro Cornucopia USERS DISK 11 Printer Utilities 1 Microline 92 printer routine 2 Graphics display package for MX 80 with Graftrax very fancy 3 Epson MX80 setup for BB I with 59 5K CP M USERS DISK 12 Games for BB I 1 ALIENS a fast exciting arcade game 2 ZCHESS chess with a 1 6 level look ahead 3 MASTERMIND match wits with the computer 4 BIO Biorhythm charts complete with graphics on the BB I 5 LIFE so fast it s real animation 6 CRAPS se
55. both ASCII and hex Edit buffer like DDT Saves hex and or image files to and from disk Saves or loads all or partial buffer Completely menu driven for ease of operation Commands of Test Read Display Save Load Program and more Check sum calculation All software on disk including well commented source code Detailed owners manual including schematic All chips socketed Not a kit Completely built and tested 48 hour dynamic burn in and test before shipment 90 day limited warranty on parts and workmanship 24 hour return policy on repairs Delivery from stock PROGRAMMER 4 WITH OWNERS MANUAL AND DISK 199 95 MS DOS DISK ONLY 15 00 8 Order from operip co S TO 2659 Scott Blvd Suite 1 dO Santa Clara CA 95050 408 354 5084 VISA and MASTERCARD telephone orders welcome Please specify Disk format CP M 8 IBM format KAYPRO II XEROX 820 OSBORNE I others Please specify method of shipment UPS or Postal Service California residents add 6 Sales Tax Dealer Inquiries invited 15 In The Public Domain By Stephen M Leon This issue Steve covers text formatters and worms Formatters are good worms are bad Actually worms might be OK if they were a little less destructive Something that ate its way slowly across the screen without destroying any data or beeped the Stars and Stripes at random might be interesting Anyway this column contains a good reference list of the goodies and th
56. continued from page 59 Close file Areg BDOS closefile addr FileOut if Areg in 0 3 then begin writeln RESCUE TXT written done true end else writeln G error file write error 7 EXIT end Write_File procedure Scroll var StartLoc real This procedure will scroll through memory beginning at StartLoc It will print only the characters in CharSet the printable ASCIIs as well as er and 1f characters All other ASCIIs are represented by a For readability a cr followed 1f will constitute an EOL otherwise the length of the string line will determine the EOL Before exiting StartLoe is reset so that the scroll can resume at the last address scanned if desired label CONTINUE EXIT var address integer line string linesize Areg byte achar char function NextChar char This function returns the character at the current address and increments address for the next read It also does a check to ensure address is within 64K begin NextChar chr mem address address succ address If address 0 then Ar writeln G crlf Warning End of 64K memory G end NextChar procedure PrintLine This procedure will print a string the global linet along with the line number for the following line var LineNum real begin if address lt 0 then LineNum address AddrConv else LineNum address write li
57. crlf g error memory not marked DisplayHelp end else begin writeln G crlf error bad command DisplayHelp end end case until done END End of Listing att CALENDAR CLOCK Works with any Z 80 based computer Currently being used in Ampro Kaypro 2 4 amp 10 Morrow Northstar Osborne Xerox Zorba and many other computers Piggybacks in Z80 socket Uses National MM58167 clock chip as featured in May 82 Byte Battery backup keeps time with CPU power off Optional software is available for file date stamping screen time displays etc Specify computer type when ordering Packages available Fully assembled and tested 99 Complete kit 69 Bare board and software 29 UPS ground shipping 3 MASTERCARD VISA PERSONAL CHECKS MONEY ORDERS amp C O D S ACCEPTED N Y STATE RESIDENTS ADD 8 SALES TAX KENMORE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES P O Box 635 Kenmore New York 14217 716 877 0617 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 WE BRING ENGINEERS SCIENTISTS AND THE IBM PC TOGETHER e 12 bit resolution e 8 bit resolution e 24 KHz throughput rate 30 KHz throughput rate e 16 channel SE 8 DI e 16 channel SE 8 DI e LABSTAR Software e LABSTAR Software 690 00 490 00 IEEE 488 GPIB Multifunction Board e Full GPIB controller capability e Three 16 bit interval timers e 24 digital I O lines e Software included 495 00 Wave
58. dies Oops final approach into Atlan ta please stand by KX OK between planes the RAM disk program is set up with the CON FIG SYS program as per Kaypro man ual addendum instructions so the RAM disk is set up before MS DOS even looks for an AUTOEXEC BAT file Then when it does that file has the following in it ECHO OFF MODE LPT1 COM1 MODE COM1 24 E 7 1 P sends printer info to serial port COPY A WS COM C COPY A WS INS C COPY A WSMSGS OVR C COPY A WSOVLY1 OVR C COPY A MAILMRGE OVR C COPY A D COM C COPY A COMMAND COM C C From power up to C gt is 1 35 of which 1 10 is disk drive running time Then type WS A MICRO C LET lt CR gt and 4 2 sec later the Status Line shows up ready to edit All other functions in WS are much faster from block moving to saving to whatever I m sure any other frequent drive access programs would benefit as much Lee D Sundin P O Box 392 Granville OH 43023 Private Domain Some comments about your going into the private domain software mar ket I think it s the greatest idea since sliced bread I ll be an enthusiastic participant However I have a sugges tion Increase the selling price of the package to 24 95 and the author s slice of the cake to 5 It seems that the public s perception is that if an item is less than 25 then it can t be of much practical value Besides as an author 5 fits my mind and pocket book better than 3
59. field positions on each line for the analysis Restrictions By using a few simple rules in the AL and Pascal programs the abilities of both the assembler and compiler can be used to complement one anoth er and simplify the Pascal source code generator program Assembler 1 There should be no code generat ing statements before the first com ment and the first comment should be the Pascal source for the procedure function heading Subsequent com ments should contain any Pascal decla rations for constants and variables The first non comment line will termi nate this section There can be no Pascal code generating statements in this section This requirement greatly simplifies the conversion program 2 All data areas and variables should be declared in the Pascal and made known to M80 with EXTRN statements 3 You can t use directives to M80 that generate non relocatable code like PHASE or non code relative code DSEG 4 Expressions evaluated by M80 70 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 must generate either correct absolute values or relocatable values 5 There must be an end state ment it is used by the conversion program as well as the assembler 6 NO ASSEMBLER ERRORS Pascal 1 All declarations passed to M80 via EXTRN statements should be unique within the first 6 characters 2 Symbols passed in EXTRN state ments must be defined before the INLINE code is in
60. graphics Kaypros As this is al Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 912 4th Ave NW Great Falls MN 59404 ways a concern with us e g we must ship COM files which will run on a variety of different size and type sys tems we compile our Turbo programs on a 60K system In the case of PLANTER this meant that we had to split the source file 3 Dimensions To display a three dimensional im age on a surface combine two of the coordinates to produce a two dimen sional display The y and z coordinate values are combined using a rotational value so the image appears to tilt forward or backward See procedure draw3Dline in the program listing Fig ure 1 It s a procedure embedded within procedures containing several embedded procedures Planter Program Listing begins on page 54 53 PLANTER PROGRAM LISTING program planter 1985 djs written by Dennis Sprague TypeKaypro function added by Larry Fogg at Micro Cornucopia 12 85 U type stringType string 20 description of the planter description record numberOfSides integer topDiameter bottomDiameter height largestDimension real end point in a three dimensional coordinate system point record X Y Z real end line in three dimensional system line record pA pB point end two dimensional point and line twoDPoint record X y integer end twoDLine record pl
61. in 250 ns down from 8 us or a transcendental sine cosine in 2 us How Fast Is Fast Enough Every time I talk about fast someone wonders how much faster all this fasting is at getting something done Well this power play doesn t necessarily do what you re currently doing any faster than you re currently doing it Now you see why faster isn t always better Come back here you blinkin cursor However the power trip opens up a whole new arena to people doing mainframe work on a micro budget But we re only plugging a mere 995 or 1495 into a PC clone What does that buy us Very good question So good in fact that we ll be doing a series of articles on how universities communi ties individuals and corporations are using the DSI board to solve really substantial problems In fact considering DSI s order rate there should also be a pretty good market for contract programmers who have the system Getting A DSI Kit Most of the sales have been to institutions colleges towns government agencies funny farms so the orders have primarily been for full blown assembled and tested units 3 000 a pop DSI likes shipping A amp T units because they can test them thoroughly beforehand and they make more money on them However Trevor assured me that the kits are still available to hackers To get a kit 995 for a 6 MHz 256K unit 1495 for a 10 MHz 1 Meg of RAM you need to have a VISA or MC in hand when you
62. in quickly SOG V The fifth running of the Semi Official Get together SOG V is now official and speakers are already champing at the bit If you missed the gate last year now is the time to get on track for 1986 July 24 27 We ll be announcing all the particulars in the April issue no foolin but it should be quite similar to SOG IV We ll start off with white water rafting and end up in the wilderness Sandwiched somewhere in between will be some truly great technical sessions We re looking for expertise on expert systems Modula the PC bus and design 68000 Amiga 32000 C Pascal prolog and anything else that sounds graphics amp sounds interesting If you want to volunteer someone yourself get your card or letter in to Turn In A SOGgy Speaker Micro Cornucopia PO Box 223 Bend OR 97709 Remember fame glory prestige and the thanks of all mankind and women too are only part of the benefits of speaking at the SOG If we think of any others we ll let you know Also if you have any article ideas on the above subjects we re interested in that too Bring Spouses amp Kidses We ll be doing more of the very popular tours around the area for the other halves and quarters and by popular continued on page 86 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 February March 1986 Issue No 28 CONTENTS Features 8 PC Main Lines A System Primer Want to know what s going on insid
63. inc Xerox Keytronics Corp and International Business Machines TECHNICAL TIPS files into 390K chunks if possible Kaypro is supposed to be working on a new version of mufbak Editor s note we haven t heard of any problems using BIGBURST on disk K15 Also SQ COM squeezes files does a very good job of reducing the size of large files USQ COM unsqueezes them See disk K1 Allyn Franklin DriveMasters 489 S Robertson Blvd Beverly Hills CA 90211 The T lt fileref gt Command I bought an Epson Geneva with 128K this summer while I was in the States but I didn t have the cash to buy Epson s disk drive I figured I d get along with the cassettes and my printer until my financial status im proved When I got home I discov ered that my C Itoh F 40 printer had KEY UP PRICES DM 1 for Bigboards DM 2 for Xerox 820 DM 3 for Kaypro 129 00 DM 4 for Franklin 129 00 DM 5 ASCII Universalf 129 00 EYBOARDS KEYTRONICS KEYBOARDS KB 51504 112 00 KB 5151 164 00 gt S amp H 503 752 4833 129 00 129 00 Ooo RWooodd only a parallel connection I had also bought disk K28 modem730 so I could transfer files between the Geneva and my Kaypro The Geneva has a serial transfer program in its ROM but I wasn t able to get anything to transfer in either direction using the R receive or S send commands except multiple e
64. insulation displacement connector and socket M50 and 550 Jameco and a 9 conductor piece of 28 gauge flat stranded ribbon cable 171 9 Jame co Make sure that the 1 conductor goes to pin 25 on the 50 contact male connector and pin 1 on the 10 contact input plug Install the 50 contact sock et at any convenient location on the 50 conductor flat cable running be tween the computer and the 8 drives Be careful hooking up the AC power lines and motor lines First of all keep in mind that 115 volts can be just as deadly as 115 kilovolts though not as messy The old one hand in the pocket routine isn t such a bad idea First of all figure out which of the two motor leads is connected to the hot side of the AC line If you can t determine this visually a voltmeter test from the incoming ground lead usually green and tied to the chassis to both of the other AC leads ahead of the on off switch if any will give the answer The hot lead is the one that reads about 115V The other will read about OV and is the common The hot lead should be disconnected from the AC hot lead and connected to the motor control line on the unit Connect the AC hot and common leads to their appropriate terminals on the unit During the connecting process all units must be disconnected from the AC power source Before installing the EICs in the DIP sockets check across the 5 and 5 volt terminals with an ohmmeter it
65. its signal to the 8088 microprocessor s CLK pin at 210 nanoseconds per period The 8088 is divided into two separately function ing units the Execution Unit EU and the Bus Interface Unit BIU During one bus cycle the BIU talks to memory or I O devices One bus cycle requires four clock cycles or periods T states to read or write a byte to from memory or I O If the memory read is an instruction fetch the byte is put in an instruction queue first in first out buffer The queue holds 4 bytes on the 8088 6 bytes on the 8086 The EU gets its data and instructions from the instruction queue The time required for the EU to execute an instruction depends on the complexity of the instruction 40 Pins The microprocessor communicates with the outside world via its 40 pins Figure 2 Twenty of these pins are multiplexed address lines part of the time and status lines or bi directional data lines the rest of the time The 8088 uses pins ADO AD7 A8 A15 and A16 S3 A19 S6 to address up to 1 megabyte of memory Eight of the address lines ADO AD7 become bi directional data lines and 4 of the address lines A16 S3 A19 S6 become status lines after the first peri od of a bus cycle By time multiplex ing 40 pins can accomplish what otherwise would take 52 pins To illustrate let s step through a frequently used microprocessor cycle fetching an instruction from RAM Figure 2 40 Pins
66. logical assembly of subprograms called a module distinguishes Modula 2 or more colloquially Modula from Pascal If you need to use a subprogram or procedure that s in a module you import it Modules For Modula I O Like C the Modula compiler doesn t include any statements for input and output I O is handled in the module library that s included with the compi ler Let s assume for example your Modula compiler s I O procedures have been assembled collected in a module called InOut and in the module you re writing you need to output a linefeed and carriage return How can you manage it First tell the compiler where to find the desired procedure WriteLn im port it and then call it MODULE CurrentAct From InOut IMPORT WriteLn BEGIN WriteLn END CurrentAct Defining And Implementing Now let s assume you have lots to keep track of you use many modules Mathlibrary FileSystem Windows etc etc which contain many proce dures Put Get Sum Power Write Block etc etc Usually you ll want the results of a procedure but won t care how the procedure generates them Herein lies a strength of Modula it lets you conceal the unwanted details by separating modules into two parts a definition and an implementation The definition part of a module contains the declarations of exported identifiers CONSTANT TYPE VARI ABLE and PROCEDURE It defin
67. made up of 8 lines each line carrying 1 bit so data is sent and received 8 bits at a time The address bus is made up of 20 lines 20 bits of address can select one of over 1 million different memory locations The processor uses the ad dress bus to tell memory which memo ry location byte it wants to read from or write to The control bus is an informal collec tion of all the control signals needed to keep things coordinated clocks inter rupts ready lines read write When the processor needs to send a message write a byte to memory it selects a location in memory by putting that address on the address bus Then it puts the message byte on the data bus and activates the write line on the control bus When the processor needs to receive a message read a byte from memory or from an I O device it places a value on the address bus activates the read line on the control bus and then receives the value on the data bus CONTROL ADDRESS ay ee 170 fof Micro C Staff The processor also has under its command a DMA direct memory ac cess controller The DMA can also read from memory or I O and write to memory or I O Thus the proces sor can tell this controller to handle data transfers while the processor does other tasks For example in order for you to continue typing while a disk is ac cessed the microprocessor lets the DMA controller take over the data transfer between the disk
68. of sides in the planter and which side we are creating with workPlanter do begin corner three rotation 6 28319 numberOfsides side 1 pointOnCircle workFigure 3 bottomDiameter rotation workFigure 3 z height 2 corner four rotation 6 28319 numberOfsides side pointOnCircle workFigure 4 bottomDiameter rotation workFigure 4 z height 2 end end begin setUpSide set up figure that will define a side of a planter two points on both the top and bottom rims of the planter are created for each side of the planter setUpTopPoints figure planter side setUpBottomPoints figure planter side end procedure drawSide figure figureOf4 rotation real origin twoDPoint scale real procedure draw3DLine work line origin twoDPoint scale rotation real procedure combineYZ var work line rotation real begin to display a three dimensional image on a two dimensional surface you can combine two of the coordinates to produce a two dimensional display the Y and Z coordinate values are combined using a rotaional value so the image appears to tilt forward or backward on the display with work do begin pA y rotateY pA z pA y rotation pB y rotateY pB z pB y rotation end end procedure lineToScreen work line origin twoDPoint scale real var scratch twoDLine procedure screenScale var twoD twoDLine work lin
69. only internal graphics of Kaypro 1 2 84 4 84 2X and 10 no hardware additions or modifications required 16 000 pixel resolution Deluxe version for all Kaypro Computers that have the MicroSphere Color Graphics board Features 16 colors 32 sprites 49 000 pixel resolution and utilities such as screen dump to printer or disk Special Color Board amp Deluxe TLC Logo 199 95 Improved External Monitor Adapters for Kaypro All boards offer dual screen operation using unmodified industry standard monitors External monitor displays original character set internal screen unaffected by installation or operation 1 New Kaypro I 2 84 4 84 2X 10 requires IBM type external monitor 2 Older Kaypro 2 amp 4 standard composite video Printer Muffler Capable of handling a top feed printer 24 wide 18 deep and 11 high Specially designed to accommodate both the tractor feed and single sheet feeder of the Kaypro or Juki 6100 printer x foam lined for maximum sound reduction can be shipped UPS And your secretary will love it Price does not include shipping Infocom Adventure Games Call us last best prices around EXPANDED CATALOG NOW AVAILABLE 100 s OF SOFTWARE LISTINGS FOR CP M NOW AVAILABLE MicroSphere Inc P O Box 1221 e Bend Oregon 97709 mim 503 388 1194 HEEESEEESEREE HOBBYIST FeetE EERE EE EEES MICRO LAB A SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER JAE EEE EERE EEE REESE CPU 8085 3MHZ RAN 8156 EPRON 8755 MEMORY 4
70. operation when there s a flood of anxious customers bearing cash Next time I get really excited about something I ll try to be a little less effusive at least until I ve got my hands on one 8086 Benefits I almost didn t go back to Comdex this year After all last year was pretty much a waste of time Only half a dozen booths had anything at all for CP M and very little of that was new This year was different Oh CP M had disappeared entirely as far as anyone could see which is a long long way in the Nevada desert but this year I was looking Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 for bargains in new 8088 software to run on our new clones See the Comdex article in this issue if you re at all interested in hearing about the gems I found in the drivel By the way Sandy and I attended one party while we were there given by the Canadian Export group There was no buy Canadian hype crushing handshakes or speeches from the Main Mounty or whatever they call their top man I like that In fact I hope they manage to make something out of Canada Maybe I should leave my skis on and go see how they are doing Stamping Out Letters You should see the mail that wanders in here Letters boxes large envelopes full of fancy printing and appeals for editorial space The contents of our daily mail are fun but the stamps that bring in all that mail can be truly beautiful Sandy has quite a collection T
71. oteteceete SIISII COSCON 2 OSES Kaypro Add Ons Eight Inch Adaptor Board OK you asked for it the 8 inch adapter board for the Kaypro Now you can have 1 4 drives 2 Up to 1 3 meg of storage per disk 3 Access to SIGM and CPMug software 4 Super fast data access The circuit board ROM and disk in this package will let your Kaypro run up to four drives A and B have to be 5 drives C and D can be either 8 or 5 The eight inch drives can read and write single density double density or double sided double density Plus if you have an 84 2 or 4 you get all the Pro 884 MAX features The 8 adapter board plugs right in no cuts jumpers or soldering unless you have a Kaypro II then you have to do a II to 4 upgrade You supply the drives cabinet and power 8 Adapter Board 190 00 Schematic Packages Finally a schematic of your processor board logically laid out on a single 24 by 36 sheet plus a very complete illustrated Theory of Operation that s keyed to the schematic You ll get infor mation that s available nowhere else KayPro Schematic Packages Kaypro II amp 4 pre 84 20 Kaypro 10 pre 84 20 Kaypro 84 series II 4 amp 10 20 SPECIAL PRO 884 NOTE And for 8 Adaptor Board The Pro 884s are sensitive to the version of CP M you are running 1 Neither the Pro 884 nor the Pro 884 Max will run on CP M 2 2U H
72. p2 twoDPoint end figure of four points able to define the corners of a single side of the planter in a three dimensional coordinate systen figureOf array 1 4 of point a figureOf4 plus top and bottom center points of the planter boardImage record figure figureOf4 topCenter bottomCenter point end var planterVar description output to CON or LST outputDevice text usingGraphics boolean I PLANTER1 INC FUNCTION TypeKaypro Boolean tests for 83 vs 84 Kaypro VAR result is used to turn graphics on or off OriginalVal NewVal NewvalStored Integer BEGIN OriginalVal Port 30 port 1E 4s unused in 83 doesn t exist in 84 NewVal OriginalVal 2 Port 30 NewVal NewValStored Port 30 IF NewVal lt gt NewValStored THEN TypeKaypro true ELSE TypeKaypro false Port 30 OriginalVal END TypeXaypro store new value in port 1E read value stored in port 1 was value actually stored 84 model 83 model restore original value aa eee procedure intro begin elrscr writeln Planter program 3 writeln writeln a wooden planter may be described by its number of sides writeln the height and the top and bottom diameters writeln writeln supply the overall dimensions and the number of sides of writeln the planter this program will return the dimensions of writeln each board re
73. port Typing ESC termi nates the program In Screen 25 KEY gets keyboard input when TERMINAL returns a TRUE flag there is a character wait ing A case statement checks for spe cial characters like ESC the rest are sent to the output port While characters entered at the key board seem to appear directly on the screen they actually go out the serial port are echoed back by the modem or by the PAD and then enter via the RECEIVE word in the same way as data originating at the remote comput er Receiving The RECEIVE word screen 20 checks for an incoming character at the serial port by performing a logical AND between the contents of the port status register and the mask byte a non zero TRUE result signifies the presence of a received character A case statement removes unwanted characters Characters can also be translated For example changing line 5 to 00 IF DROP ASCII n will cause incoming nulls to be displayed as n s Characters which make it through the filter are displayed and may optionally be captured in a buffer Machine dependent constants are lo cated in screen 16 Port addresses and mask byte vary among brands of com puters so you must supply these If you want reverse video add the escape sequence or code at Line 7 SCR 16 Serial port status is not checked before transmission since outgoing characters originate as keyboard en tries slow enough that the output port won t b
74. shells this system has all of its competitors beat Computer Language 6 85 Con X Operating System List 9905 speci A complete upgrade for 48K CP M 2 2 3 0 and equivalent systems Provides professional capabilities with blinding speed as often found on more expensive MS DOS and UNIX machines Installs easily in 1 minute to add over 100 new commands and features Eliminates all points of user frustration with CP M Uses only 1 2K TPA 0 27K disk minimum ConlX is the greatest most powerful 8 bit upgrade with speed and capabilities that are so incredible it s bringing users back to CP M Con X Pull Down Menu List 3905 gpecia A user friendly interface to ConIX that is fully menu driven with helpful prompts and easily understood explanations of all menu functions Loads with a single keystroke at the prompt level Source code included ConIX Programming System List 9905 o ALS A full programming language for ConIX extends CP M SUBMIT capability Features conditionals loops subroutines labels nesting interrupt processing error traps and debugging facilities Design intricate menu systems Includes a special compiler that provides string and numeric variables an integer math package a relocatable assembly code generator and much more A must for CP M power users and developers ConIX Library XCC Utilities List 4905 S ALS Over 25 utilities written in the ConIX shell language
75. slot MF CCS 2810A CPU 2065 64K RAM 2422 FDC 54 amp 8 0 2718 1 0 2 Ser 2 Par POWER SUPPLIES WALL PLUG IN TYPE 13 5VDC 5A Regulated VDG OA ah te tegy eaten elke 2 15 OVAC GJA ct bites Ba ee 1 35 LINEAR Condor Model CP731 DC Power Supply 14V 4A 5V 7A 15V 5A 16 00 Power Supply with Nicad Pack 12V 5AH 6 50 14KV DC DC TV Power Supply 4 50 5V 1A 5V 2A 12V 1A 12V 2A 24V 05A 15 00 SWITCHERS 5V 9 5A 12V 3 8A 12V 8A 39 00 SI ANT EEEO FLOPPY DISK DRIVES HEIGHT Mitsubishi M4851 DSDD 99 00 Mitsubishi M4853 DS Quad 139 00 Qume Trak 1425 DSDD Tandon TM 848 1 8 SSDD Tandon TM848 2 8 DSDD STANDARD HEIGHT Shugart SA460 DS Quad As is 36 00 Shugart SA850 8 DSDD Remex RFD4000 Persci 277 2x8 0 All Instruction Manuals TERMINALS InterTube Il Smart B amp W 225 00 InteColor 3602 Smart Color 329 00 MISCELLANEOUS Headset Boom Microphone Lead Acid D Cell 2V 2 5A 1 50 Nicad Pack 12V 5AH 6 50 5 Blade Muffin Fans 7 50 Joystick 4 Switches 1 Knob 5 50 Elgar 400W Unint Power Sup 425 00 16 Pin Component Carrier Gold 25 00 Controlling A Kaypro amp A PC Cursor By Paul Hyder One important IC the Kaypro and PC have
76. software companies are different He went on to note that there is a lot of room for new products and improvements to the old ones Look at Lotus for instance It s slow and could really be improved Again Before marketing a shareware prod uct decide whether you want to pro gram run a software company or sleep He says he enjoys programming and running a company but he works 12 hours a day 6 or 7 days a week I take off a day every three weeks and took four days at Thanksgiving EPROM PROGRAMMER APROTEK 1000 ONLY 265 90 COMPLETE WITH PERSONALITY noe MOOULE 117 VOLT AC POWER RS232 6 BAUD RATES HANOSHAKE TO HOST ALLOWS READ WRITE VERIFY amp COPY Comes complete with a CPM IBM PC or Apple Driver Program on Disc Programs the following 5 Volt 24 or 28 pin devices 2716 series 27256 25xx series 68764 plus others Please Specify Personality Module desired with order Additional Personality Modules only 15 00 ea Full 1 year warranty TO ORDER CALi 1 800 962 5800 OR WRITE APROTEK 1071 A AVENIDA ACASO Add CAMARILLO CA 93010 4 00 Shipping USA Info 805 987 2454 VISA or MC Add 3 NEW From TCI SPEED POWER VERSATILITY EXPRESS 2 0 FULL SCREEN EDITOR HIGH PERFORMANCE AT A FAIR PRICE ONLY 29 95 WHY WASTE YOUR VALUABLE TIME with a slow clumsy limited editor when you could TAKE THE EXPRESS With EXPRESS 2 0 you can Fully Access ALL 32 USER
77. source NOW 125 00 Will be 195 after 3 31 86 As above but runs on PC clones QCX C CROSS COMPILER w source NOW 295 00 Will be 495 after 3 31 86 Runs on PC generates code fit to run on Z80 CP M or ROM base controller system Tony Ozrelic s L A Software is now KYSO Technology TO ORDER Specify 8 SSSD Kaypro CP M or PC version Add 5 00 to total for shipping and handling Personal check or M O are OK Sorry no COD s PO s or plastic money 30 day money back guarantee Most orders shipped Ist class within 5 working days KNOCK YOUR SOCKS OFF KYS O T E C a N Orb OG Y e P O Box 5246 Bend Oregon 97708 503 389 3452 e Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 C ing Clearly By Ron Miller There has always been a little animos ity between Pascal fanatics and ardent C ers Ron takes a look at the trade offs made by both languages so you can make up your own mind Just last week while flipping through computer magazines to drool over prices of 30 Meg internal hard disks I stumbled across three separate articles which rejected C as the lan guage to learn because it is noto tiously cryptic powerful but obscure and not self documenting like Pascal My defensive first reaction was to note that any language natural or computer defeats anyone who has not internalized its conventions Gosh I remember my experiences with Latin Surely no one I mused ever really
78. tbh 7oh x 00 Cy1 y2 19h where x gt function key number the following table of TPC 1 function key values is from the Televideo TPC 1 System Reference we We we we we we we we we Manual fkpat db 1bh 7ch 31h 00h 01h 19h 3 1 a gt A Word left db 1bh 70h 32h 00h 06h 19h 3 f2 gt F Word right Function Key Values db tbh 7ch 33h 00h 11h 53h 19h 3 f3 gt QS Line left db 1bh 7ch 34h 00h 11h 44h 19h 3 fN gt QD Line right ctl Ctl db tbh 7ch 35h 00h tah 19h 3 5 gt Z Line up Key Unshifted Shifted Unshifted Shifted db 1bh 7oh 36h 00h 17h 19b 3 6 gt W Line down e Teias ae db 1bh Toh 37h 00h 03h 19h 3 fT gt C Page forward db 1bb 7oh 38h 00h 12h 19h 3 8 gt R Page backward fi 3th 30h 3dh A6h db 1bh 7h 39h 0Oh 11h 52h 19b 3 9 gt QR Beginning of file f2 32h 3dh ATh Boh db 1bh Toh 3ah 00h 11h 43h 19b 3 10 gt QC End of file f3 33h 3eh A8h Adh db tbh 7ob 30h 00h 0bh 51h 19h 3 lt Shift gt f1 gt KQ Abandon f 34h 3th 49h Neh edit f5 35h 10h Nah 4th 1bh 7oh 34h 00h Obh 53h 19h lt Shift gt f2 gt KS Save and t6 36h 4th Abh 50h a dTa SOAs a DRaa return to editing fT 37h 42h db 1bh 7oh 3eh 00b Obh 44h 19h lt Shift gt f3 gt KD Save and f8 38h A3h 3 exit to main menu 9 39h Aub db 1bh Toh 3fh 00h Obh 58h 19h lt Shift gt amp gt KX Save and 110 3ah ASh exi
79. the 8288 goes low instead of MEMR Main Board To Peripherals Essentially computing on the Main Board follows this simple pattern The microprocessor the heart or brain of the system directs its accomplices via the control address and data busses The signals on these busses are inter preted via simple gates or software by subsystems and peripherals into useful actions Three connectors allow the main board to communicate with the key board reset button and speaker Eight slots allow it to communicate with the rest of the world On our PC most clone boards look essentially identical to the IBM XT power and the serial keyboard I O flank one corner reset and speaker flank another and the slots stand in a row the eight biggest objects on the main board Each slot has 62 pins which are connected to the PC bus address control and data lines interrupt lines DMA request and acknowledge lines power and any additional con trol lines Thus these slots give board designers access to the very heart of the system I O ports and memory respond to predetermined addresses An I O Read or Write happens much like a Memory Read or Write except the IOR and IOW pins in the 8288 go low instead of MEMR and MEMW I O devices like memory are re sponsible for monitoring the signals that let them know they re needed These signals include addresses and control signals such as read write I O enable
80. the features below Easily configured to your printer Con figuration files for 20 printer models are provided or generate your own FMT gets the most from your printers by taking advantage of their special features including condensed double width enhanced double print italics elite letter quality multiple fonts etc Multiple modes and combinations of modes can be used on the same line or even in the same word FMT works with your favorite editor FMT uses meaningful mneumonic commands in the style of SCRIPT or ROFF each command appears on its own input line including commands for the various printing modes No embedded contro codes you don t have to remember those strange escape control sequences FMT runs at the maximum speed your printer allows for each printing mode graphics mode is not required Standard formatting features provided including headers and footers automatic page numbering text justification tabs for table generation and embedded files up to TEN deep FMT automatically builds Tabie of Con tents List of Figures and three level alphabetized Index Detailed 100 page manual profuse ly illustrated with examples Works equally well with IBM PC TI PC IBM clones and look alikes PC DOS MS DOS 128k Also works with CP M 8080 and Z80 systems with 64k 49 95 plus 2 00 shipping and handling Specify system VISA and Master Card Accepted Dealer Inquiries Welco
81. to mention four of his new disks Hidden on PC BLUE 151 is CED Command Line Editor If you are running a PC without Super Key or one of the other commercial programs that allow you to edit the command line CED is a must Chris Dunford the author of CED is the kind of programmer all of us should look up to CED is a true contribution to the public domain It provides complete command line edit ing recall of previously issued com mands etc etc To top it off you have a 25 page professional manual In the area of new language releases we have Ron Cain s Small C for the PC on Volume 154 and Dave Betz s latest version of XLISP on Volume 146 Bob Morein s Prolog is on Volume 157 All three should be of interest to the non appliance PC user While we have not tried them on generic MS DOS they should work in that environment CP M users will find Small C on SIG M Volume 224 Z80 with Floating Point and on SIG M 149 CP M 86 XLISP for CP M 86 is on SIG M Volume 153 and for CP M 80 on SIG M 118 Gerald Edgar s EPRO Small Prolog is on SIG M Volume 242 Z80 Software Distribution Points I ve had a number of requests for more detailed distribution information The list runs about three pages and is included with the catalog In addition there are a number of commercial operations and rental libraries which make the software available at reason able rates Most of the commercial operations have a lot fas
82. up spending more money than it would have cost assembled It just doesn t pay I like learning about the functions of the hardware but I think the articles about hardware should cover what I might do Like a modification to my computer or its peripherals Or adding equipment peripherals to my system Or assembling sub assemblies into an operational system This is the limit in today s world The cost of a pc board components and test equipment makes other projects impossible for 95 percent of the population More value would come from configuring hardware for different systems and limited trouble shooting experiences How about a list of repair facilities for different components and manufac turers And maybe a watch dog serv ice on bad software and hardware and help for victims How about fixes for software and hardware bugs Or people to contact for information Or more want ads at really cheap prices so people can trade their stuff John L Johnson Jr 707 Edge Hill Rd New Bern NC 28560 Editor s note Sol Libes told me the same thing a year ago only he predicted the end of all hardware projects construction mods ev erything He predicted that computers would go the route of calculators No one would fix them or modify them They would be too small and too cheap to bother with We are looking for hardware projects that can be done in a weekend This means limiting the scope a bit but we are definitely lo
83. usingGraphics then threeViews planterVar calculateOneSide planterVar acceptDimensions planterVar end end included file PLANTER1 INC procedure acceptDimensions var planter description type OkSet set of 0 80 function sourceInteger message stringType accept OkSet integer label redo var work integer begin redo work 0 write enter message 1 readln work I if not IOResult 0 or not work in accept then begin writeln error goto redo end sourceInteger work end function sourceReal message stringType lowLimit highLimit real real label redo var work real begin redo work 0 0 in case of just RETURN entered write enter message I readln work I if not IOResult 0 or work lt lowLimit or work gt highLimit then begin writeln error goto redo end sourceReal work end procedure acceptNumberOfSides var workPlanter description begin 56 get number of sides in planter workPlanter numberOfSides sourceInteger number of sides 0 3 40 end procedure acceptOtherDimensions var workPlanter description begin get top and bottom diameters and height of planter with workPlanter do begin topDiameter sourceReal top diameter 0 0 999 9 bottomDiameter sourceReal bottom diameter 0 0 999 9 height sourceRea
84. winchester booting off a floppy and then copying the system tracks and files back onto the winches ter Unfortunately there are some bugs in mufbak files aren t always correct after they re restored so I recommend using PIP or SWEEP to transfer all files that are smaller than 390K For larger files you can take your chances with mufbak or manually break the your computer and you are ready to type FEATURES Key Click Option Beeper Type Ahead Buffer Reprogrammable Keys EEPROM Dvorak option Order Now Drom Same key placement as IBM keyboard 80 Corvwatek Presents KEY UP THE KEYBOARD INTERFACE USE AN IBM STYLE KEYBOARD ON ANY COMPUTER Plug an IBM style keyboard into CORWVATEK S KEY UP interface plug the interface into SAVE 10 00 Buy both Key up interface and Keyboard and save 10 00 on the total price CORVATER 1100 N W VAN BUREN ST 503 752 4833 CORVALLIS OR 97330 KEY UP is used on any computer with a parallel input ASCI keyboard port Familiar typewriter key placement with separate cursor pad The UNIVERSAL has all of the signals necessary for the user to adapt to any ASCII keyboard port TTL signals on a DB 25 connector Requires the user to build his own cable a a aa aE E a a a O A E Bk E EE E E Key up is a trademark of CORVATEK Bigboard I Bigboard Il Xerox Keytronics and IBM are trademarks of Digital Research Computers Cal Tex Computers
85. 00 STAT OUT 40 STAT OUT 7F AND DUP Truncate to 7 bits then DUP 4 USART MODE BINARY 01101110 HEX LITERAL STAT OUT CASE 5 1 stop bit 8 data bits no parity BAUD CLOCK 16 00 OF DROP ENDOF Filter nulls 6 READY BINARY 00110111 HEX LITERAL STAT OUT 13 OF DROP ENDOF Do not capture S 7 INITIALIZE SET CLOCK CLEAR USART USART MODE READY 00 OF DROP ENDOF Spare filter 8 7E OF DROP ENDOF Filter rubout 9 o DELAY 3FFF 1 DO LOOP 11 BREAK SEND BREAK DELAY READY gt 13 Values are specific for the Vector 4 computer with an Intel 14 8253 baud rate generator 13h control 11h instruction port 15 and an 8251 USART Olh data 05h status control port Screen 18 0 Capture words 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SEND BREAK BINARY 00111111 HEX LITERAL STAT OUT 9 approximately 1 2 second 10 11 12 13 14 15 Continues as CAPTURE FLAG EMIT ENDCASE THEN lt gt Sereen 21 0 Make disk file Uses words specific to LM FORTH default case if byte passed filter Check flag IF DUP CAPTURE THEN Regardless of capture display passed data FCB FILE1 1 FULL CHAR CHAR FF gt CHARACTER BUFF almost full 1 2 2 80h BLOCKS CHAR 80 MOD SWAP IF 1 THEN 3 CAPTURE TOGGLE STOP REMOTE COMPUTER FULL 3 of 80h byte blocks of disk space needed Round upwards 4 IF Buffer full CR Avoids reopening i
86. 06 BMP SOD Se B20 93 0 eoad ae 6 0 Ob OF be 33 BHI ZS ADD 8H 73 rE Mr TB eA ee SS 9 mia SST CC eS ee SS E anog Ao 39T s9 609 DOAIA TS OE Oe S GE w ra GP GH BF LS 92 a e w Ane 53 boshad 6 M eN 626 0 3 ds o 2 bat onn od BH BM ELD GE ELES E R ta 2 2 Sol aE ic o 63 2 SO e3 3 E ES ae one Ew 6 05 6 27 6 99 00 2 8 pa osr ane HOE 6S AT DBS sa 73 24 A 0 DS ne D O od DO 4 0 ae eee ce MA N A DN w ee ed eee ad ay oni WW MAT 39 65 a OA 2 ia ho ua ta MNF O PBO Ra DA RD AI aT es ESSE MOLD MAT WL LTS NN oT ie ld SAB Z AZ why MOET 3a BGT DY OL Ot me ta SOA S2 MOE 25 00 TS 21 90 78 0 re dS ATH 3 2 3 wy BT MMP 29 33 28 87 arD or SFO 330 bed MOOS OSE 72 72 ow Msa 0 es HO 592 0 3A PO a AO TI 0 9 Hn ERT E ROS 16A 3979 RM 212 I S PO ie reed bo 2 7 3 Eee es e 4 7 gt aT 4 2 s x z F S baw BS owen oF ebbcuestiosesc yess ree x A padeond act aheaehciet ears eks DUEL EE A Sects es ese s EEE x 49 75 20 78 W A H 2 6 ar dome tt a Oates a 1 axuda Paoi Mane ES te MAGIC OSCILLATOR RUN PART nas mh 1E SORE STADE M A G4 LC COMPUTERIZED INVESTING FOR ASTUTE INVESTORS AND ALL THOSE AIMING TO LEARN MAGIC module gives users an immediate capability to develop optimum buy and sell strategies to suit their in vestment temperament whether it means day trading in volatile media or conservative long term investing in blue chip securities or mutual funds 3 MAGIC pronounced DOLLARM
87. 1 10 OPEN COM1 1200 E 7 1 RS CS1 DS1 CD1 AS 1 20 PRINT 1 this will print a null 30 SYSTEM this will return to system Note This is only a sample you may want to select a different set of para meters to suit your external device Consult your GW BASIC Manual for more information The Kaypro Corporation Solana Beach CA 69 MS DOS PC DOS 349 95 SALES by DIVISION Procedure Motor Off const system 14 Begin port system port system and EF End Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 GRAF 20 Update Policy Returning your original GRAF 2 0 disk to MSC entitles you to 20 00 off the above prices TERMS We ship via first class mail The above prices include domestic shipping and handling Orders outside USA require additional 5 00 for postage N Y residents add state sales tax When ordering you MUST state your computer and printer make and model We support MS DOS PC DOS version 20 or later on computers with at least 192k RAM and CP M 80 version 2 2 or later on Z80 computers other than modified Apples supporting a TPA of at least 54k requires 64k of RAM Most soft sector disk formats are available df you can read several formats please send us a list GRAF 3 0 works with any printer tully compatible with one of the following Epson FX RX LX MX with GRAFTRAX of LQ 1500 C toh Prowriter NEC 8023A Star Micronics Gemini 10X 15X SG 10 SG 15 IBM Graphics Printer Okidata 1
88. 1 5 3 9 25 5 36 3 91 06 3 90 3488 35 1 00 158 bo 1 385 06 no ies Fae rao is o 38 75 2 60 passe 5 56 r39 doe 2 812 87 22 82 1h ane 6 06 6 6 06 2 2118 96 8 99 DEB as 35 50 606 3996 gt 5296 57 0 02 Fe ie 3 50 95 509 2 95 50 ia 0 00 A d6 1896 8 34 30 8 50 90 50 t 713 68 8 42 298 te 27 25 ETE 2728 i 1963 16 1 06 9tar irs CL ee ire a a A t 41 05 C00 anaia 25 00 2 12 2800 6 1665 25 D LIERE fe BS 2900 TIS 3 AS11467 raoc iiie S 20 0 BEI TO 6 856 86 oo sat 20 1 20 50 a2 2 198 9 6 1 85 aa a 62 40 12 16 62 g PoS 2 40 AIN BOS hy62 i 2075 3189 05 2 90 ines v9t M 20 28 20 97 297 02 0 00 15248 99 PRIS 2097 DTS 2691 22 9 00 4091U 2 38 25 DEIS 24 23 F 309 90 2 4 1as202 81 2550 20 25 23S o 57279 3 08 aeres 20 17 2330 2 5 f 015 08 2 06 20862 54 20 00 20 29 20 00 9 125 03 BAC 20837 5 20 98 23 00 20 75 v gt o aiie Ja Aee EE 20 95 92 42 2 4810 03 8 00 any 19 99 PE IIS j 0 65 Peeries 3181 61 S Tdicares Lory levm trade totes for IDIS pune i O05000 PRICE 19 75 ang TAPER FACLUDING UNREAL 1260 CATR LOSS OF DOG 26073 99 UST fey at 19 75 on as0a07 PL EAIN MTH PEN TAROT LONG e 22 82 LAST SORY at 22 42 on 8070S SRT x 8 9 PRT TRMES F UM a 1S81S 50 SORT IRN TOTAL PAF ITS lt lt 28773 29 OBS SABES IS COME s 3249 33 IKR 1448 16 TOTM LOSSES eri FET EON 12K RET AT e SeS IET PROFITS 2002 94 HOW M A G I C 1 4 WORKS M A G I C software d
89. 129 SA 850 851R 139 MPI 52S 5 25 DSDD 55 New TEC FB 501 5 25 SSDD 59 Case w power supply for two half hgt drives 59 SERVICE SA 800 801 25 SA 850 851 35 5 25 SS 30 5 25 DS 40 8 SS 40 8 DS 50 All drives and service gruaranteed for 60 days Prices do not include parts or shipping LDL ELECTRONICS 13392 158th St N Jupiter FL 33458 305 747 7384 28LY Hardware for the Kaypro Computer voice syn thesizer unlimited speech 70 EPROM program mers 2516 2716 2532 2732 2764 110 General purpose power supply used with EPROM pro grammers 30 All hardware comes in kit or bareboard form with software and schematics Call or write Busch Computer 395 Totoket Rd Northford CT 06472 203 484 0320 29BU Getting Started With CBASIC Workbook tutorial style for beginners intermediates in this powerful language Fundamentals through file handling user functions etc Ends confusion frustrations Only 25 U S Four Corners Press Hanover MA 02339 30LI For Sale Slicer Computer 8 meg two 8 DSDD drives Okidata 92 printer Wyse 50 terminal 1500 Contact Ken Horton 324 Heritage Oaks Eugene OR 97405 503 485 0375 28 5 25 disk drives Reconditioned full height Tandon and CDC DSDD SSDD All are in excel lent condition and have a new appearance Each is tested aligned and guaranteed Price each DSDD 49 95 SSDD 34 95 5 shipping Quantity discounts availab
90. 2 provides a way of explicitly corrupting types By prefixing a variable with a type identifier you can cause the compiler to temporarily view a variable as something other than its defined type However this works only with types which use the same amount of memory No code is generated by a type transfer function it s just re laxed compiler type checking keyint OFOH keyboard interrupt vector number VAR main inthandler background PROCESS PROCEDURE backgroundjob a coroutine BEGIN LOOP some processing END END background job PROCEDURE keyboardjob a coroutine BEGIN initialize keyboard interface chip set its interrupt vector to keyint IOTRANSFER inthandler background keyint wait for char Interrupt has now arrived Fetch char and process it END END keyboard job BEGIN main program Allocate workspaces for the coroutines Create coroutines by calls to NEWPROCESS TRANSFER main inthandler END interruptdemo 98 Thus the following transfers are permitted CardVar CARDINAL PtrVar PtrVar ADDRESS CardVar whereas these are not permitted CardVar CARDINAL RealVar RealVar REAL BoolVar This explicit type corruption is pow erful when you need to do things like pointer arithmetic or masking the bits of a character Sets Modula 2 and Pascal look at sets differently In Modula eah element of a set is
91. 3 0 I ve included the addresses for Version 3 3 in comments You ll just need to change the TRMINI and MORPAT address locations Standalone Finally conversion of this patch rou tine to a standalone program requires only the code changes shown in Fig ure 1 This way you can redefine the full 32 characters The program must be run right before loading the editor 18 Bucknell University Lewisburg PA 17837 Figure 1 Code Changes for Standalone Program Eliminate TRMINI equ xx MORPAT equ xxx org TRMINI jmp TPCINIT org MORPAT Add org 0100h This becomes the first line of the gt program Change tpeinit mvi o 9 gt mvi 0 9 Add jmp 0 This comes right after call 5 Figure 2 Patch for WordStar 3 0 WS30PAT ASM A WordStar 3 0 patch for redefining f1 f10 function keys on the Televideo TPC 1 portable computer Since this patch is written for WordStar version 3 0 the addresses shown in the body of the code do not correspond to WordStar version 3 3 Where applicable the proper addresses for WordStar version 3 3 are shown in comments s noted below WordStar s MORPAT auxiliary patch area has room to store the data strings for only 14 of the TPC 1 s 32 possible function key assignments Implementation of the full 32 possible reassignments is thus possible only outside WordStar requiring the use of a stand alone version of this patch which would be executed from CP M immedi ately before WordStar
92. 30 test for existance of port 1E NewVAl OriginalVal 2 Port 30 NewVal store new value in port 1E NewValStored Port 30 read value stored in port IF NewVal lt gt NewValStored was value actually stored THEN TypeKaypro true it s an 84 ELSE TypeKaypro false it s an 83 Port 30 OriginalVal restore original value END TypeKaypro Gene Wolfe And now for something really enter taining an excerpt from Alien Stones by Gene Wolfe You asked him to find out She hesitated I asked him to find out what the numbers in the operating registers of the ship s computer were To put it another way I asked him to find out the answer in raw form at least of the last computation they performed Is that possible I would think their numbers would be all different like Roman numbers or something or worse whatever he found would just be ones and zeros Binary notation Yes because it isn t really numbers you can t have real numbers inside a machine because they re not physical but just things turned on and off but I don t see what good knowing it just one one zero zero zero like that will do you if you don t know how they d be used in another machine Captain I know you must think I don t know what I m talking about but I did have to take some mathematics even if I wasn t very good at it
93. 6 M F 10 6 sales technical staff We re helping your computer work better for you Trademarks CP M Digital Research ConiX Computer Helper Ind Microshell New Generation Systems ZCPR Richard Conn Echelon MS DOS Microsoft UNIX AT amp T Bell Labs RESCUING LOST TEXT FROM MEMORY continued from page 52 your text when it s loaded But if you think your text might be in the first 16K of memory use the CP M SAVE command A gt save 63 rescue 16K You can call up the file with DDT move it to higher memory and then rescue with RESCUE A gt ddt rescue 16k DDT VER 2 2 NEXT PC 4000 100 m100 4000 4100 type this C see this watch for _ prompt A gt RESCUE The Guts Of RESCUE PAS RESCUE accesses memory via one of Turbo Pascal s predefined arrays MEM See Figure 1 Procedure Scroll Figure 2 scrolls through memory beginning at Start Loc It prints only the characters in CharSet the printable ASCIIs and the lt cr gt and lt lf gt characters All other values are represented by periods For readability a lt cr gt followed by lt lf gt will constitute an EOL Otherwise the length of the string line will deter mine the EOL Before exiting StartLoc is reset so the scroll can resume at the last address scanned Procedure Scroll contains an embed ded function NextChar and an embedded procedure PrintLine Since Scroll alone needs to use Next Char and PrintLine the
94. 7 COM n5 V TO SECTION 2 HOT D2 1 08 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 R8 C6 was used as a precaution Construction The Radio Shack IC LSI PC board 276 162 can hold two controllers I soldered the DIP sockets and compo nents directly to the board connecting pins with wire wrap wire You can use a protected 10 position header R202ND and R8300ND Digi Key or a 16 pin DIP socket and matching DIP header 276 1980 Radio Shack for the input jack and matching socket connector termination J1 J2 can be an 8 contact straight dual row maie header and shorting jumpers 929836 01 36 and 929950 00 Digi Key This will allow you to select any two of the four available drive select lines For the output J3 use a dual row 8 position barrier strip 274 670 Ra dio Shack or a multi conductor nylon Quick Disconnect plug and socket 274 239 and 274 229 Radio Shack The rest of the construction is straightforward Component place ment isn t critical but try to allow as much space as possible between low voltage and high voltage components and wiring Usually there s enough room behind the drives and next to the power supply to mount the PC board If not use a separate enclosure If the enclo sure is metal be sure the 115V line ground is connected to the enclosure This is usually a green wire The input from the 50 conductor bus is accomplished with a 50 pin male
95. 92 and earlier Okidata models equipped with the IBM Plug n Play chips If vou have an Okidata printer other than the 192 the Plug n Play chips are required SC Microcomputer Systems SES Consultants 27 Forest Avenue Port Jefferson Station New York 11776 1820 81 Problems Down Under I have been receiving Micro C for some months now and have found it very in formative and useful Unfortunately the price to get it to Australia has become as tronomical almost 45 Australian against 16 in the U S Is there any chance of a special rate for the Sydney Kaypro User Group We might get more of our members to subscribe if a reduced rate were available If it makes a differ ence the copies could be sent toa single address to reduce mailing costs I have a Kaypro 4 late 83 or early 84 model 81 240A board with some chips soldered The machine has worked very well and given no trouble whatsoever I am having problems with the speedup and the video board I have tried to in stall The speedup kit was installed locally CROSS ASSEMBLERS 6502 6800 6801 6805 8048 8051 8080 8085 8086 8088 9900 9995 Include Files Listing Control Cross Referencing Nested Conditionals Sorted Symbol Table Features Disk amp Manual 100 00 Write or call for information on these and other products HAWTHORNE TECHNOLOGY 8836 S E Stark Portland OR 97216 503 254 2005 Xerox 820 1 amp Il EPROM PROGRAMM
96. AGIC does com puterized trading on oscillator values computed by MAGIC It uses simple or sophisticated trading parameters input by the user It computes the date and price for each buy or sell long only or long and short the profit or loss of each trade and an overall summary of that trading campaign on the selected security and oscillator Its extensive output goes to both screen and printer See the sample printout below MAGIC 5 YEAR TRADING RUN LISTING IF COMPLETED AGIC TRADES FOR FLEEIWOOD ENT COOH STOCK SNORTING CAPITAL 1000 TRADING CONG AND HOR i Te MAJAA MRA OSCILLATOR FROM ONO7LS 70 890802 DATA INTERVAL x 20 DANS OSEE O DUNS O OUB V Bure bd Ethe NS ACTES Ce eee et SS Sel ixover Sega Dace Blasi 08 28 801226 KEERI 108 10210 Bravok an suoi 81432 80172 820519 a7 130830 831325 2y aaa 20 AOE kaaita MOVING AVERAGE SIF ference OSCILLATORS prasiet pa PONENT lorgar Average njog dey Y akrus hase WAS mest oo a 5 NSSsjontiujuBuANi yay yamu SN Da OVW EWEN u a o b u awia a e SDL e e a O bts ar aig Prices Port Prices ration so oF Prof itt Loss Sort Mas Kemletive Price By Sah Sort Catt OSC DSt Trees Lory W Rise tanta cae 4 50 DEE t 6 39 EFES Reet an asiy eR i 16 96 3 03 Sag ah 6 25 bai i 3 73 0 00 amay 4M Ered 9186 v 25 45 2 82 902 98 300 4 56 9500 2 85 18 9 06 186 1 3 68 7 00 269 s 320 63 0 00 1708 9 5 29 5 6 4 29 i 660 WES
97. ANT ER s 3 D graphics eye catching on an 84 Kaypro yet Apply them to your own programs Dennis s entry calculated and drew its way into our hearts and third place in the Pascal Runoff You can build a wooden planter by cutting and fitting a number of similar ly shaped boards together The result resembles an oak barrel or old fash ioned wooden bucket Answer a few of PLANTER s questions and it creates a three dimensional image Carpenter s Details To build a planter with top and bottom equal you need to know only one angle the bevel on two edges of each board To create a planter with larger top or bottom you must taper each board at the top and bottom and bevel the tapered edges as well PLANTER DISPLAYS 3 D Projection The angles in the taper and bevel are determined by the number of sides in the planter and the relationship be tween height and the top and bottom diameters Each board will be an isosceles tra pezoid with the nonparallel sides be veled toward the same surface of the board The taper and bevel of the edges allow the sides to fit together to form the planter Program Notes PLANTER is interactive You de scribe your planter number of sides top and bottom diameters and height and PLANTER draws it and reports the shape of the boards needed to build it Editor s note This program works fine as is We ve added the TypeKay pro function to allow it to run on 83 non
98. Busting Wiretapping Electronic Trespass etc Many actual exam ples detailed case history based upon actual court records of a major group Why how Government business and finan cial institutions are easily victimized by savvy Phreaks 2 Numerous countermeasure protection and security schemes passwords to public key encryption methods State of the art techniques Foil even the sharpest Phreaks 3 Definitions of popular computer crime terms includ ing PIRACY TROJAN HORSE LOGIC BOMB TRAPDOOR GODFATHER MUTANT ZOMBIE BODY SNATCHER SILENT ALARM CHEESEBOX CANDYMAN CODE 10 etc Learn how to become a computer crime fighter Compre hensive illustrated frank ONLY 15 COMPUTER SECURITY Computer crime is rampant and increasing Annual losses are E Billions plus devastating losses in privacy personal security etc DON T BE VULNERABLE We developed many versatile simple to apply virtually impossible to defeat Computer security techniques These include but go far beyond passwords and ciphers No hard ware or ROM mods required Included are invulnerable BASIC cipher algorithms en cryption and decryption BASIC program for computing test ing multikeys cipher Poe design techniques how to use zaps to protect disk files from unauthorized access clever concealment techniques secure operations procedures re view of security books more 1 000 CONTEST WE WILL AWARD 1 000 TO THE FIRST CONTESTANT
99. COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM continued from page 77 screen marked by or in reverse video The capture buffer can be toggled on or off from the keyboard but the program first checks to see if the buffer is nearly full screen 18 If the capture buffer is full or if there s a W from the keyboard an X off is sent to the remote computer and you get a menu screen 24 You can write the capture buffer to disk erase it or do nothing If you write the buffer to disk you use screen 21 The file control block is filled the number of of 128 byte 80h transfers is computed and the infor mation is written to disk This opera tion uses FORTH words provided by LM FORTH The source listing for the PC DOS versions of these words is in Ref 2 If the operator triggers the X off any additional characters which come in from the remote system are saved If the X off is triggered by a full buffer then characters may be lost Which Systems The screens discussed to this point create a communications program which runs under MS DOS PC DOS and CPM 86 Transient programs sup plied with these operating systems can configure the serial port as an auto matic procedure during a cold boot CPM 80 may or may not be packaged with a port configuration program If it s necessary to configure the port from within the communications pro gram the words in screen 17 can serve as an example Screen 17 isn t current ly loa
100. Ctl Unshifted gt f6 gt 00h gt Espty data byte must be inoluded db tbh 70h 46h 00h h h 19h 3 lt Ctl Shift gt f gt Obh gt K first byte of two key WordStar command string db 1bh 7oh 4ch 00b b h 19h lt Ctl Shift gt f2 gt 4ab gt D second byte of two key WordStar command string db tbh 7ch 4dh 00b b h 19h lt Ctl Shift gt f3 gt 19h gt FK redefinition termination byte db 1bh 70h eh 00h h h 19h lt Ctl Shif tf gt db 1bh 7ch 4fb 00h bh h 19b 3 lt Ctl Shirt gt rs gt DOOPUOSCOCDOSOOODUANGDEONDOADSDCOEORODODOODUODOODOORRSORGOGDONO db 1bh 7oh 50h 00h h b 19h 3 lt Ctl Shift gt f6 gt H NOTE There is room in MORPAT for only 14 function key assign ments The following table shows 32 assignments just for ret 3 This RET statement must be here convenience Don t exceed this limit of 14 or you will overrun the available MORPAT area end H DG End of Listing CP EM CP M 80 Emulation for MS DOS e Z80 Emulation e CP M Version 2 2 Compatible e Accelerator Compatible Accelerator Advanced CPU for the IBM PC e Faster Program Execution Up to 30 50 and more Full 8088 6 Compatibility e Extended Instruction Set e 8 Bit and 16 Bit Bus Versions Available 49 95 5 MHZ for the IBM PC Serial Program Utilities Included e FAST Written in Assembly Language 579 95 The Intelligent Computer Users Group
101. DISK SERVICE MANUAL II PRINTER amp PLOTTER Disk drives MUST be periodically cleaned and lubricated and repaired as needed Malfunctions can be devastating in lost programs data and text loss of business upset customers down time YOU can maintain troubleshoot and repair drives WITHOUT EXPENSIVE OR DELICATE EQUIPMENT OR DIAGNOSTIC SOFTWARE often in situ and in less time than it takes you to remove pack ship receive un pack re install re configure and retest drives sent to drive repair shops Shipping drives is risky If you want the job done right on time and at minimal expense DO IT YOUR SELF OVER 100 LABELED PHOTOS AND ILLUSTRA TIONS OF STANDARD BUS 5 25 3 AND MICROFLOPPY DRIVES AND SPECIAL DRIVES APPLE COMMODORE SONY Chapter I GENERAL Chapter II OPERATION AD VICE TIPS Chapter IIl ERROR MESSAGES and what they mean Chapter IV DIAGNOSTICS amp TROUBLE SHOOTING how to step by step Chapter V MAINTEN ANCE Chapter VI SPEED ADJUSTMENT Chapter VII R W HEAD ALIGNMENT includes hysteresis and eccentri city Chapter VIII ELECTRONICS amp REPAIRS includes correct power ground system wiring Chapter IX MISCEL LANEOUS REPAIRS TOO Sensor TOO End Stop Sector Index Write Protect Head Loader Compliance Cone Assembly Spindle Assembly Module Assembly Logic Boards Spindle Motor Door Chapter X DRIVE TEST STATION professional shop plans Chapter XI REPAIR SHOP TECH NIQUES Ch
102. DRAW a Kaypro drawing package written by Randy Everton and ORBIT a comet planet plotter written by George Fergusson see his article this issue Wrap Up Thanks again for your submissions Everyone who entered by November 1 received a Pascal Runoff T shirt of Pascal and Bug if you entered on time and didn t receive one let us know See Figure 1 for an alphabetical listing of programmers and their en tries All Pascal Runoff winning entries are available on Micro C users disks Call for more information 50 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 Figure 1 Pascal Runoff Entries Abrams Adams Alford Arden Barcus Beachy Berry Bloom Bohn Bowden Brooke Brown Brown Buro Calwas Candle Cebula Cedarblom Coleman Conforti Coniglio Connell Despain Dingacci Dodrill Duncan Erdmann Everton Fankbonner Fergusson Fields Fleming Frick Frick Gilbert Gimlin Gjerde Grabar Gray Griffith Griffith Groos Hamblen Hays Heiss Hicken Hyder Johnston Jones Kerber Kircher 39 95 29 95 NOTEBOX BOTTI OKIUTL RECIPBOX BIKEGEAR QUEST LANDER SPELLOO CROSSPRINT WYC CRYPTOR CALENDAR FKEY PSYUTIL QUASILAND AMORT MANDEL LSTCTRL SW QW VB WHISTLES ARCHIVE TRUN OT CASSTIME BAFFLES DRAW CARDCAT ORBIT TBLCTENT ENCRYPT CYFER MDC MSWEEP ARTIST INV SORTT CHECK DBAR DDRAW DICE TGAME LIST TOOLBOX GRADER CURSOR ALT2 LE MENU PRINTIT INLINE hierarchical DB game
103. ER only 8995 Programs 2716 32 32A 64 64A 128 256 and s Connais to parallel port amp uses system s power supply Read copy verify display edit checksum 4 save or load promfiles from disk Compietely built and tested Includes software on 5 or 6 user s manual 40 pin ribbon cable ready to plug into the paraliel port of your system SUPERIOR INTERNATIONAL 11663 Denton Dr 104 Dallas Texas 75229 214 484 5072 82 It can be switched off and some pro grams run at the higher speed Howev er it has done strange things to some disks corrupting files with chunks of other files Apparently it changed the file allocation blocks in the directory tracks Could it be that the Monitor ROM 81 232 is causing the problem For the moment lam not running the computer at the higher speed The second problem is with the AT1 Video Attribute board from JFN Indus tries Los Angeles When installed at normal speed the machine will not boot up and all I get is a flashing screen I took the AT1 to a friend with an older socketed Kaypro 2 with the 81 110 board and it worked perfectly on the first try From the Kaypro Technical Manual the only change I can identify is the different monitor ROM 81 149 but there is no reference to changes in the circuitry A friend had a look with a scope and thinks there is a timing prob lem Any connection with the speedup problem I have written to JFN
104. ESS CONTROL BOARD 14 Bit Lab Accuracy industrial ZUFADUIEY ne 27764A The ieda of 5 sion in O Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 95 96 h SN b sersyou FREE Free to create computer environments right for you free to automate repetitive tasks free to increase your productivity Z System the high performance 8 bit operating system that flies Optimized assembly language code full software development system with linkable libraries of often needed subroutines relocating ROM and RAM macro assembler linker librarian cross reference table generator debuggers translators disassembler ready to free you 4 New generation communications package provides levels of flexibility func TERM Ill tionality performance not available until now Replaces BYE and XMODEM master server local area network capability public or private bulletin board and electronic message handling are integral features auto dial answer menu install XMODEM CRC Checksum MODEM Batch Kermit CIS and XON XOFF protocols 100 page Manual nes 424 4S lee eee eet eb iced woe ete ee ane areas 99 00 Rolls Royce of message handling systems mates with TERM lil or BYE for Z MSG most advanced overall electronic mail file transfer capabilities menu installed extreme configurability many levels of access and security word phrase editor field search complete message manipul
105. EW NEW NEW NEW 380 00 NEW 99 00 109 00 149 00 175 00 180 00 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 A typical development cycle with ED ASM 86 consists of k an existing program typing A IM to assemble into memory e o back to the editor for the next cycle een used for over a year to enhance itself 317 849 4450 Hours 10 00 am 5 00 pm MON FRI DISK DRIVES continued NEW TEAC FD35E 3 80 track 135 TPI single sided SURPLUS Shugart SA450 5 4 full height 48 TPI 40 track 25 msec track to track double sided 168 00 75 00 HARD DISK CONTROLLER CARDS NEW DTC 5150 BX for IBM PC Without Data Cables 185 00 With Data Cables 195 00 DTC 5250 will run two 5 floppies and two 5 hard disks For example two TEAC FD55B one Microscience HH725 20 megabyte fixed hard disk and one Syquest SQ306R 5 megabyte removable hard disk DTC 5290 For IBM PC AT will run 5 floppies and hard disks 325 00 Western Digital WD1002 WX2 for IBM PC Without Data Cables 170 00 With Data Cables 180 00 WD W1002 WA2 for IBM PC AT Will run 5 floppies and hard disks 299 00 All drives with asterisk are compatible with the IBM PC as 360K or 380K drives Half height drives may required mounting brackets or filler plates not supplied with the drive When ordering controller cards please indicate the model of drive you will be using and the number of heads cy
106. EX 012 3 4 567 8 9 ABC OD E information and an address The PAD disassembles the packets and sends the information to you as individual characters This packet character process is an efficient way to transfer data but causes one problem When you tell the PAD to stop sending characters you send it an X off it passes that com mand onto the mainframe but in the meantime the mainframe may have already sent you another packet So you may receive information after you ve said stop Software Overview Protocol requirements are simple Data is sent or received at 300 or 1200 baud with an asynchronous protocol consisting of 7 data bits 1 stop bit and even parity or 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity Your system must of course be able to send an X on 11 hex and an X off 13 hex X off ctrl S stops the other system and X on ctrl Q restarts it You also need to be able to send a break which tells the computer at BRS to stop its current task and get ready to receive new commands This is handy when a long listing is turning TEST 0 FFFO F 0123456789ABCDEF TEST 1 FFFO 2608 E 121st St Cleveland OH 44120 out to be a waste of time A break is sent by keeping the outgoing signal line in the mark condition low for about 10 bit times The communications chip in your com puter generally a universal syn chronous or asynchronous receiver and transmitter USART must
107. Function Key Reassignment By Dr Wayne Sugai The Televideo TPC 1 is currently one of the better values in transportable CP M machines Although it comes with the Telewrite editor many WordStar fans will want to use their favorite poison and with all those function keys who can resist setting up some single keystrokes to replace the control combinations This simple patch routine lets you redefine 14 of the Televideo TPC 1 s function key assignments within WordStar 3 0 and 3 3 Installation After completing the function key assignments described in FKPAT see Figure 2 assemble with ASM or MAC Use DDT for the patch insertion procedure Theory Of Operation Using CP M s BDOS function 9 print string WS30PAT Figure 2 sets up the TPC s function F1 F10 func tion keys for 14 WordStar operations such as cursor movement block ma nipulation and disk access Combined with the shift and ctrl keys the 10 function keys can gener ate 32 different characters WS30PAT modifies WordStar by placing function key assignment data in the MORPAT area which is loaded when the program begins execution Thus the program simply uses MOR PAT as a data storage area for BDOS function 9 which is directed to MORPAT by a jump instruction at TRMINI This is a convenient way to redefine keys but there is only room to rede fine 14 keystrokes Although the routine was originally written for WordStar version
108. INYPLAN very simple minded spreadsheet 5 C80 Text Utilities 6 CHOP cuts off file after N bytes 7 ENTAB replace spaces with tabs where possible 8 MS double or triple spaces a file to output 9 RTW removes trailing spaces from file 10 TRUNC truncates each line to specified length 11 WRAP wraps at column 80 plus pretty pretty printing page s USERS DISK 16 BB I Modem Software 1 RCPM27 list of U S bulletin boards 2 SMODEM interfaces BB I with Hayes Smartmodem 3 PLINK66 easy to use with non CP M host 4 BBPAT menu selection of BAUD rate bits char parity amp stop bits 5 MODEM 7 Modem 7 plus BBPAT lets you talk to anything from port A We Also Have 8 Disks For CP M 86 QOL KAC SoRen iatetetatatetatetarsenOyereshetneeeersletgte a5 ORSIO SOLS SS PY SOS BRIO Ask For Catalog lt gt SSIES 2S ZISA o EERO s SEOOO OOD SO SOOO OOS xz OS SSO IIS 0 SRO 280983 OSS SSES LSLS 8 Users Disks 12 00 each USERS DISK 17 Small C Version 2 SMALLC2 this substantially expanded version of Small C now includes for goto label switch case external declarations new preprocessor commands expanded I O includes redirection initializers plus 12 new expressions The I O and runtime libraries have been greatly expanded including printf Source amp documentation on one disk USERS DISK 18 FORTH
109. ISK 23 Xerox Utilities This disk contains Xerox specific utilities including a screen drump from Wayne Suga with source modifi cations for the SWP package including ZCPR a new monitor and a clock calendar from Mitch Mlinar and Jim Mayhugh s new monitor see issue 19 A very special disk for Xeroxers USERS DISK 24 Prowriter Graphics This is a complete Prowriter printer graphics package written by the same Micro C subscriber who wrote the MX 80 graphics package Plot points lines circles boxes and more Examples documentation USERS DISK 25 Z80 Macro Assembler This is a real Z80 macro assembler Syntax closely follows RMAC and MAC Also includes pseudo ops to support conditional assembly etc No phase or relocata ble code USERS DISK 26 BB II CP M 3 0 Banked BIOS Winchester Support CP M 3 0 Banked BIOS implementation for the BB I Roy Epperson s software to support the Adaptec ACB 4000 SCSI and the Rodime R204 5 Winchester on the BB II see issue 19 Plus more Winchester programs USERS DISK 27 BYE Remote CP M System BYE programs to run your BB I BB II OR XEROX 820 1 as a remote CP M system using a Hayes Smartmodem compatible modem Includes programs to allow restricted access USERS DISK 28 VFILER and Extended Single Density VFILER is a screen oriented file manipulation utility similar to SWEEP CLEAN and DISK Also Larry Blunk s documentation and software for implementing ext
110. K EPROM 256 BYTES RAM EXPAN 1 0 PORTS 32 PARALLEL LINES SID SOD INTERRUPTS 4 VECTORED INTERRUPTS HEX SYSTEM KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY EPROM PROGRAMMER PROGRAMS 8755 CASSETTE LOAD AND DUMP INTERFACE 40 PIN BUS AND PORTS SUBROUTINES KEYS DISP INT DEBUG MANUAL WITH DRAWING SERERERTALELELRLALELEL EE ELE LET ELEE ESS MICRO LAB A T 179 KIT 139 REREREELELELHE EERE ELESE ESTE TELL ESET ES ORR CORP P O BOX 9433 CINCINNATI OH 45209 CHECKS VISA MC ____ EXP DATE __ ADD 3 SHIPPING OH RES ADD 5 5 TAX Please send MULTICOPY to Name Address FOR THE SERIOUS KAYPRO USER THE NEW PRO FILE SERIES OF WINCHESTER DISK DRIVES FROM SPC Whether you have a KAYPRO 2 4 10 or even a K 16 the new low PRO FILE hard disk drives from SPC are cost effective and easy to install A screwdriver is all you need With up to 34 Megabytes available in a small 2 inch high cabinet you can say goodbye to floppy problems forever SPC provides next day delivery on all products a one year warranty and a friendly approach that says we ap preciate your business Customer references are provided upon re quest Larger system capacities up MODEL 5 Meg Removable 10 Meg Removable 10 Meg Fixed 22 Meg Fixed 34 Meg Fixed PRICE 1095 1495 1095 1595 1995 to 120Mb are also available including combination fixed removable cartridge systems Some of the prices above are limited to curr
111. L 1 502 1800 TLX 620893 SPAIN XENIOS INFORMATICA 593 0822 TLX 50364 AUSTRALIA ASP ANIA COMPUTERS INCORPORATED MICROCOMPUTERS 613 500 0628 BRAZIL CNC DATA LEADER LTDA 41 262 2262 TLX 041 6364 DENMARK DANBIT 03 66 20 20 TLX 43558 FINLAND SYMMETRIC OY 0 585 322 TLX 121394 ISRAEL ALPHA TERMINALS LTD 3 49 16 95 TLX 341667 SWEDEN AB AKTA 08 54 20 20 TLX 13702 USA CONTACT AMPRO COMPUTERS INC TEL 415 962 0230 TELEX 4940302 IBM IBM Corp 80186 intel Corp TurdoDOS Software 2000 inc Dbase l Ashtor Tate Wordstar Micropro Inc Supercalc 2 Sorcim Inc Turbo Pascal Borland inti Inc Microsoft C GW Basic Multiplan Microsoft Inc Lattice C Lattice Inc 67 East Evelyn Ave e Mountain View CA94041 e 415 962 0230 TELEX 4940302 88 EDITORIAL continued from page 87 access files to name a few Not Wirthwhile When I first tried doing things in Greenhills Pascal I felt like I was learning the language all over again Turbo has really spoiled me Fortunately you can use the C I O library that s included with the Pascal compiler to get random file access and it s possible to write your own string functions using arrays of characters In fact I understand that some folks are already writing fancy libraries for the compiler so most problems with this implementation should go away soon I ll keep you posted White Out
112. Lat er some of the 10 purchasers will also register Registered owners get support by phone a printed and bound version of the manual two coupons good for updates and a 25 rebate for each new registration they are responsible for 6 800 folks have registered Bob is not entirely sure why people register It might be that they really like the product it might be the updates or the manuals or the 25 kickback though he doubts it because only one in seven claim the reward People may also pony up because they like the idea of shareware no heavy sales trips here Anyway he s plan ning to poll the registrees to see what they say Other Products I asked Bob what other kinds of products he was working on None He said he intended to concentrate his effort on the editor making it the very best he could He thought this was better than trying to write a group of mediocre pieces But despite limiting himself to a single product he isn t working alone Quicksoft has ten employees plus Bob one writer three in phone sup port one in marketing and the rest handling orders Marketing Card decks have been the best meth od of advertising for PC Write If a deck costs 1500 he expects it to bring in 100 10 orders and 8 or 10 75 registrations Decks aimed at IBM users have been best followed by those aimed at micro users and then high tech managers But even within these categories different decks will ge
113. Line pA figure 1 workLine pB figure 2 draw3DLine workLine origin scale rotation side workLine pA figure 2 workLine pB figure 4 draw3DLine workLine origin scale rotation bottom workLine pA figure 4 workLine pB figure 3 draw3DLine workLine origin scale rotation side workLine pA t figure 1 workLine pB figure 3 draw3DLine workLine origin scale rotation end procedure threeViews planter description var currentSide step integer view loop counter workFigure figureOf4 screenOrigin twoDPoint location of origin on screen imageSize real largest size image displayed const radiansInt5Degrees 0 785385 m Kaypro screen size horizontalPixels 160 verticalPixels 100 begin threeViews elrscr write three views of planter draw three views of the planter image the first is from the top looking down into the planter the second at 45 degrees tilt and then a side view an image size of one fourth of the horizontal screen dimension will allow three images of the same size with a border around each image the Kaypro has 160 horizontal pixels so the image size is 160 X or 4O pixels imageSize horizontalPixels 4 vertical center of images will be slightly below vertical center of screen the Kaypro has 100 vertical pixels and counts from the top of the screen for vertical coordinates the screen origin ver
114. MicroPro Inc Z80 is a registered trademark of Zilog Inc CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc KAMAS KAMASOFT and OUT THINK are trademarks of KAMASOFT Inc 1985 KAMASOFT inc Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 41 Automatic 8 Disk Drive Motor Control By Jim Doolittle Shutting down 8 drive motors be tween accesses has long been a thorn for system owners You are dealing with 110VAC motors and timers It turns out that you face the same problems controlling any 110VAC de vice from a computer So this isn t a bad place to begin After five years of listening to the whine of the 8 drive motors some times as long as 15 or 20 minutes between accesses I decided it was time to do something about it What resulted was a simple unit to automati cally turn these little monsters on and off Theory Of Operation Not knowing how long I might have my present system I decided to make the unit completely computer inde pendent Since the 50 conductor disk drive bus is standard for all drives and computers this was the logical place to look for a signal to control the unit The only signals that would selectively control each 8 drive are the drive select lines 0 thru 3 located on signal pins 26 28 30 and 32 of the ANSI 50 conductor bus Next I had to figure out how to use this signal Some disk drive controllers constantly poll each drive and report stat
115. Mulator makes a fantastic CP M development environment and allows you to use all your CPM 80 tools and the IBM PC tools too Why write off that expensive package that you bought for CPM 80 just because you up grade to a IBM PC Apply the 99 solution and keep it working No retraining or conversion blues CP Mulator includes the NEC uPD70108 processor which in creases the speed of your IBM PC by at least 10 100 compatible with existing BM PC software and 8087 compatible PURCHASE THE SOFTWARE ALONE FOR ONLY 69 Source Information P O Box 2974 Warminster PA 18974 Phone 215 628 4719 WITH AZTEC Cll NS NEW SPOOLER Ii 512 K Buffer Converter Serial Parallel and Parallel Serial Conversion Protocol Conversion amp Data Switch Buffer Outputs to Printers and Plotters Buffer Inputs from Instruments for Laboratory Applications Two digit LED display monitors status New SPOOLER II is an enhanced Print Buffer and Interface Protocol Converter based on the Hitachi HD64180 capable of data transfers up to 38 4 KBaud serial and 75 KBaud parallel It provides 520K of buffer space perfect for buffering giant printed documents large files for plotters and data gathering for laboratory applications Compatible with PC s MAC s and all other computers and peripherals with serial or parallel interfaces 1 0 connectors mount directly to 534 by 7 inch board Optional enclosure available Includes complete document
116. NE 8 BIT INPUT OUTPUT PORT CONTROL PROGRAM COMMANDS 900 or so with 640K of memory Buy your memory quickly it s going up You can still build a good personal clone for less than 800 but an AT clone s going to cost you another 700 or so AT components from MicroPeach Computers 4768 Lincoln Ave Cypress CA 90630 714 995 3600 The prices of drives monitors print ers and various plug in cards are no longer dropping and good drives Mitsubishis and TEACs are much harder to find than they were a month ago Who s got the parts We ll let you know as we find out You can buy TEACs for around 100 each up from 79 3 weeks ago and 20 meg Seagate half heights with PC controller for 499 Drives from OWL Services P O Box 116 Mertztown PA 19539 215 682 6855 2732A 27128 27128A 27256 271CXX Seagates from Supreme USA Inc in price 6481 Orangethorpe Ave 9 Buena Park CA 90620 714 739 5250 PC components from Sky High Co 1461 University Ave Berkeley CA 94702 415 549 3472 Next issue we ll look closer at C And that s Tidbits PROGRAM HOGE FRON DISK aaa BROMA T DISK READ DISK FILB IN PROGRAM EP S FROM RAM RBAD GPROM S INTO RAM COMPARE SROM ITH RAM VERIFY BPROM IS BRASED COPY EPRO DISPLAY MODIFY RAM MONITOR MODS WITH 11 Su COMMANDS FILL DUMP XFER BXAMINS MODIFY BIAS PROGRAM VERIFY BTC ASSEMBLED amp TESTED UNIT WITH COMPLETES
117. OR TWO DRIVES SWITCHING WILL POWER DRIVES AND SBC 6 X 8 X2 1 2 5VDC 8 AMPS 12VDC l12VDC 5VDC 5 AMPS EA AND 24VDC 2 AMPS 50 00 CABINET AND POWER SUPPLY TOGETHER 100 00 SHUGART DISK DRIVE PARTS SA800 HEAD 15 00 SA800 STEPPER 10 00 SA800 2 LOGIC BRD NON WORKING 10 00 SA800 2 LOGIC BRD WORKING 35 00 SA850 HEAD AND STEPPER ASSY BI OR TRI 50 00 SA850 LOGIC BRD NON WORKING BI OR TRI 20 00 SA800 OR SA850 SPINDLE BEARINGS SET 3 00 SA800 OR SA850 INDEX LED SET 3 00 OTHER PARTS ON REQUEST SA800 ALIGNMENT AND CLEANING 20 00 SA850 ALIGNMENT AND CLEANING 30 00 Z80A PARTS CPU CIC SIO 1 1771 2716 2 00 6845 CRT CONTROLLER 2 00 DIABLO PRINT WHEELS FITS 630 AND HYTYPE COURIER 10 ELITE 12 COURIER 72 3 00 6 FOR 15 00 CASCADE ELECTRONICS ROUTE 1 BOX 8 RANDOLPH MN 55065 507 645 7997 FREE SHIPPING COD ADD 2 CREDIT CARD ADD 5 LIMITED TO STOCK ON HAND ON OVER 40 00 MN ADD 6 EVENING CALL OK Unreliable K10 Winchesters We ve been receiving a lot of calls lately from Kaypro 10 owners who are seeing progressive deterioration of their winchester drives The problem begins with occasional bad sectors on the drives and then progresses to the point where the drive is unusable and the data is lost Owners can stop this deterioration by reformatting their drives every 6 months This means copying all the information from the winchester to floppies using mufbak then reformat ting the
118. P O Box 10118 e Rochester NY 14610 oie IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines MS DOS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation CP Misatrademark of Digital Research Incorporated Dealer inquiries welcome Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 19 EARTH LAUNCHES NEW STARS EARTH COMPUTERS launches two of the Hottest new stars in the S 100 Universe Both the TURBOMASTER 8 and TURBOSLAVE I are Star performers featur ing high speed Z 80H CPUs gt TURBOMASTER 8 This outstanding new 8 Bit Single Board Computer offers features that are out of this world e On board ST 506 Winchester Controller e TurboDOS CP M MP M compatible e 5 and 8 Floppy Controller e Up to 256KB of memory e 8 MHz Z 80H CPU e 2 Serial ports e 1 Parallel port TURBOSLAVE hes i p hpu Eya a p4 O IE HESA TATIMIT le The perfect companion to the TURBOMASTER 8 or other 8 16 Bit Master processor This high speed slave utilizes an 8 MHz Z 80H CPU and offers extensive on board diagnostics an industry exclusive e No paddle boards e S 100 IEEE 696 compatible e 128KB of RAM e 2 RS 232 ports 50 38 4K Baud e FIFO communications e Data transfers to 1 MB PE ee Building Blocks For The Super Micro EARTH s new stars are fully compatible with the Multi user TurboDOS operating system and will operate in most S 100 systems including p
119. R reg BDOSRegisters begin reg CX 92 BDOS reg end AttachDefVvC return this process s console wait for default console amp attach PROCEDURE SetPriority priority integer VAR reg BDOSRegisters begin reg DX priority reg CX 91 BDOS reg SetPriority FUNCTION Exec command string128 integer VAR reg BDOSRegisters begin command length command 1 chr 0 command 0 chr 0 reg DS seg command reg DX ofs command reg CX 96 SetPriority C5 BDOS reg AttachDefVC SetPriority c8 IF reg AX 0 THEN Exec 0 ELSE Exec reg CXx end Exec P_CLI system call assure we return here instead of to TMP execute the process reattach the console while priority is high Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 with programs written in other high level languages Just look out for the same problems as above For assembly language programs however don t even attempt to use it as shared code unless you wrote it yourself or the vendor specifically says it will work Sluggo Pascal One of the first things I noticed when Ron my cellmate and I started using the Slice as a 2 user system was that whenever we were both running Turbo everything slowed down about 75 percent I worried over the problem for awhile and finally with a little cerebral stirring from Ron came up with the solution The whol
120. RD WILL THEN TURN YOUR DRIVES ON AND OFF AUTOMATICALLY AS THEY ARE NEEDED FEATURES 1 75 X 1 48 X SMALL SIZE 0 35 FAST INSTALLATION INCLUDED ZERO CROSSING ELIMINATES ALL SWITCHING NOISE TRIAC OUTPUT NO MECHANICAL PARTS DVDT FILTER INCLUDED LOW COST ONLY 8 88 EACH 1 YEAR WARRANTY 3 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA 1619 SOUTH MINNIE STREET SANTA ANA CALIFORNIA 92707 DIAGRAM 714 547 4316 CALIF RES ADD 6 SALES TAX ADD 1 08 EA POSTAGE amp HANDLING PLEASE SPECIFY BBI BBII OR XEROX NEW FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER BOARD FOR THE XEROX 820 lI Direct replacement for the standard 820 I Floppy Daughter Board Uses the FDC1793 9229B for reliable operation Perfect for surplus 820 li boards Assembled tested Complete Kit Bare Board w 9229B Bare Board w DOC Include 3 00 Shipping VISA MC COD Add 1 50 REPAIR SERVICE XEROX 820 I II BiG BOARD THE DATA MILL 12 Crescent Court Montgomery IL 60538 312 892 6573 J B FERGUSON INC 817 640 0207 ONE MEGABYTE RAM DISK FOR 820 1 amp BIGBOARD 1 THIS IS THE FASTEST RAM DISK THAT YOU CAN BUY This product comes with complete machine EASY INSTALLATION WITHOUT ETCHCUTS CABLES ETC drawn schematics and a full theory of op USES NONE OF YOUR PRECIOUS 1 0 OR THE CPU SOCKET Assembly installation and test procedures are CONVENIENT PLUG IN DESIGN thoroughly documented PAL code is included
121. Reading From Memory One of the 8088 s registers an in struction pointer IP always points to the next instruction in memory That s the starting point The 8088 reads the IP and adds it to the code segment register There are several segment registers in the 8088 Since registers inside the 8088 such as the IP can hold only 16 bits but an address is 20 bits the 8088 must get the other four bits from somewhere These come from a seg ment register in this case the code segment register If the processor were reading a byte of data rather than an instruction then it would automatical ly add the data segment register to the register containing the address of the data byte It then puts the result on the ad dress bus A0 A19 and increments the IP during the first clock period Again because some of the address pins are used for other things some of the address bits must be held by simple latches so that those address pins are free to become data pins or control pins The Address Latch Enable signal controls these latches When the 8088 operates in maximum mode the 8288 Bus Controller gener ates the Address Latch Enable ALE by decoding signals from the 8088 s S0 S1 and S2 pins ALE instructs the 74LS373 Octal Latches to hold the address In minimum mode which doesn t allow co processing the 8088 generates its own ALE The PCJr s the only machine we know of that runs in minimum mode So when ALE
122. SA and MasterCard are accepted add 3 FREE information packet available upon request Box 9001 VISA fanera ma P Torrance CA 90508 9001 213 MICROCD 24 hour recorder MICROCode Consulting Department M5 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 AT LAST AN AFFORDABLE HARD DISK HARD DISK SYSTEMS by Emerald Microware Now is the time to take advantage of the low prices on hard disk drives We have everything you need from the host board to a complete turn key system for your computer order only as much as you need Runs on Xerox 820 1 or 2 Kaypro or most ANY Z80 based system HDS Host board e Plugs into Z80 socket no wiring required special 50 pin host is avail able for Kaypro 84 series computers e Interfaces directly with 40 pin Western Digital 1002 series controller boards e Comes fully assembled and tested e Switch selectable I O addressing HDS Software package by MICROCode Consulting Drivers locate above your existing operating system and BIOS so it will not interfere with your other programs that install down below e Custom installs for your system without having to assemble any software e Reserves system tracks and swaps so you can Warm Boot from hard drive e Allows installation of up to three hard drives and two 5 1 4 floppies on one WD1002 05 controller board e Runs diagnostic on system each time hard drive is installed e Can be configured for 5 to 40 Meg hard drives from m
123. ST 5 FFFO 00 EMIT LOOP 00 06 SWAP FDOS 2DROP LOOP 41 EMIT LOOP OA EMIT LOOP TEST 0 represents the overhead of the benchmark itself TEST 1 should take about the same time as sending the character via a serial port using no handshake or status checks to an external terminal TEST 2 represents the time it takes to invoke the terminal function via EMIT but display no character However the IBM PC treats a null as a space and takes as long to process a null as to process a printable character see TEST 4 below About 40 of the characters in average text received from BRS via Uninet are nulls 00 Uninet inserts six nulls after each carriage return 0D and 6 nulls after each line feed 0A As of May 1985 logging on to BRS caused 9 more nulls to appear after each line feed although this has recently changed Thus a total of 21 nulls were sent before every new line The rubouts 7F are also unnecessary but do not form a large proportion of the material an average session TEST 3 invokes the terminal via an OS call 06 char FDOS Result status bytes are dropped Usually the direct OS call is faster than EMIT because the need for output redirection is not checked and counters are not incremented For the IBM PC LM FORTH PC DOS version EMIT uses the ROM BIOS thus for PC DOS FORTH EMIT is faster than the OS call Figure 2 Terminal Benchmarks TEST 4 gives the average time to display one printable character in
124. T8 The generated file starts with the INLINE statement and left parenthesis PROCEDURE OpenMain VAR Stri filename BEGIN REPEAT 17915 NE 19th PI Bellevue WA 98008 and ends with the as required by Turbo All text that isn t executable code is surrounded by braces Dollar signs and slashes are included where Turbo requires delimiting each byte of code The program stops processing the PRN file when it encounters the END pseudo op code This eliminates the Symbol table etc from the inline file Besides being relocatable several conventions must be followed in the Z80MR source code An object module must be produced Macros must be expanded Conditional code must not be listed for false conditionals The switches for the preceding are all set properly on by default by Z80MR no pseudo ops are needed If you use DEFM DEFB etc the LIST A normally off by default pseu do op must be placed in the Z80MR source code file before assembly so all bytes will be listed in the PRN file IORESULT When you re working with disk files you need to know about a potential troublemaker I O error the run time code Turbo Pascal adds to every program it compiles to guard against runtime errors For example if you try to open a file that doesn t exist Turbo generates an I O error and your pro IF NOT Open SourceFile PrnFileName THEN BEGIN OK FALSE IF PrnFileName lt gt
125. TOG VID ENDOF 9 IF CR TOG VID Communication failed Check Modem 9 OA OF LF DROP NEXTSTEP ENDOF Next logon step 10 CR Type SERIAL to restart TOG VID QUIT 10 DATA OUT If none of the above transmit character u THEN 11 ENDCASE 12 THEN ECHO Try 200h times or until echo 12 THEN lt gt 13 UNTIL 1 increment addr 13 14 REPEAT Send next character until encountered 14 If screen 17 is used add the following to the case 15 DROP address OD DATA OUT Send carriage return gt 15 02 OF B DROP BREAK DOF Send break Screen 23 Screen 26 O LOG ON WORDS steps through lines of text from SCR 27 0 Main loop of communications program 1 1 2 VARIABLE STEP 01 STEP Index to logon sequence 2 SERIAL CR Starts terminal program 3 3 INITIALIZE Needed if SCR 17 is used 4 NEXTSTEP STEP DUP 9 lt Test for last line 4 ESC OFF Set flag to FALSE 5 IF true if 8th line or less 5 WIPE Clear CAPTURE BUFFER 6 DUP AUTO 1 STEP Send a line increment index 6 CAPTURE FLAG OFF 7 ELSE 7 Ready to transmit and receive CR 8 CR Error there are no more Log On messages CR 8 Not capturing characters CR CR 9 THEN gt 9 01 STEP Initialize auto logon index 10 10 BEGIN 1 1 KEY Read keyboard and transmit 12 12 ESC Read escape flag 13 13 O WHILE While escape flag is false 14 14 RECEIVE Read the port
126. The translation ended in a whisper of despair The stories in The Island Of Doctor Death And Other Stories And Other Stories are strangely good 94 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 And if you really need to be taken away by a book the less morbid than it sounds The Shadow Of The Tor turer by Nebula Award winner Gene Wolfe will suck you into four volumes of hypnotic mystery Build A Cheap PC The Saga Contin ues All month I ve heard rumors and rumors of rumors of ultra cheap XT compatibles and just cheap AT com patible system boards By now every one in Taiwan must be earning a living copying IBM or spreading ru mors Generally prices on XT and AT compatible main boards are dropping but aren t near rumor cheap levels yet Best buy on an XT board without memory is still about 165 if you re buying just one and 240 or so with 640K An AT board 80286 CPU costs CP M MS DOS EPROM PROGRAMMING SYSTEM 2708 2758 2516 2716 2732 2764 SOFTWARE AVAILABLE FOR CP M 80 CP M 86 AND MS DOS SYSTEMS STAND ALONE BOARD ELECTRONIC SWITCHING OF BPROM TYPES USES 24 VOLT XFMR FOR POWER ALL SUPPLIES TIMING ON BOARD NO PERSONALITY MODULES TO BUY LARGE COMPREHENSIVE MANUAL PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE CONNECTS TO ANY PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE USES 8 OUTPUT PATA A BITS AND he INPUT ale eee LING BUSY LINB IS A UNIT MAY ALSO BE CONNECTED TO O
127. WARE 13814 Hawes St Dept M lt gt Whittier CA 90605 maga 714 863 9044 e EDITORIAL continued from page 2 request we re also planning some introductory sessions on computers so everyone can gain something technical at SOG V Pascal Runoff This issue is full of Pascal We re announcing the Pascal Runoff winners and couldn t resist including a few appetizers If you haven t tried Pascal yet get a copy of Turbo and try it It s neat Really it s the best language and compiler for just sitting and knocking out something quickly see the C column for verification End Of The Minis Trevor Marshall called last night to let me know what was happening at Definicon Systems He mentioned that mini folks are making a big mistake by ignoring what s going on in the micro world That s pretty small of them It s not just a story of MIPSy or FLOPSy Cottontail or Peter Look at the text editors that run on the DEC VI is a fur piece from WordStar Vedit or even Perfect And EX a line editor predated Beatrix Potter assuming she dated at all I used both VI and EX during my stint at Tektronix because we had DECs for software development and documentation I remember how I enjoyed going home to my CP M system Everything worked so much faster one of the advantages of a single user system and the tools were a lot easier to use Of course I couldn t compile really huge programs at home o
128. WHO CORRECTLY DECIPHERS OUR 25 000 CHARACTER CIPHERTEXT Now that we ve pol ished off the lightweights it s time for YOU to show us your stuff Not a public key DES or one time pad cipher Included are details contest rules and many hints and clues Complete descriptions and illustrations artridge r Y and ye may produce Jess than 5 hours of quality copy And are an inconvenience to order WHEN YOU CAN FIND THEM Now you can re ink your own cloth ribbons to last about 10 hours of quality use for about 50 cents and 10 minutes of ef fort per ribbon Not any ink will do We developed the right combination of clay free ink and carrier both commonly and inexpensively available from stores in black and 4 colors Includes complete plans for your own el cheapo motor driven re inker Completely described and illustrated STOP WASTING MONEY ON RIBBONS ONLY 7 By John Williams MSEE former CS Professor NMSU We pay all U S shipping 12 3 min foreign orders Please allow 4 6 weeks for check paid orders else 2 3 weeks Quantity Buyers welcomed Substantial quantity discounts Custom editions for quantity orders PLEASE ORDER ODAY FREE CATALOG for all orders over else a Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 over significant portions of the process Bye If we ve whetted your appetite and you want more immediate information about the PC s hardware we recom mend The IBM Personal Computer From Th
129. YTRONICS KEYBOARD with 2 8 Drives 5 25 699 00 with 2 5 Drives 00 0 599 00 withDiablo 630 Printer add 899 00 Diablo sold only with complete system DIGITAL RESEARCH CP M WITH BIOS FOR 820 1 OR 820 11 INCLUDING LICENSE AND ALL MANUALS 100 AVAILABLE 43 00 ENCHANCED MICRO CODE QPM BOOTABLE DISC SPECIAL WITH COMPUTER ONLY 45 00 CENTRONICS PARALLEL PRINTER CABLE 820 1 0r B20 WW irane dads catigs ound pence 35 00 SPECIAL ON CP M All prices plus shipping and handling Write form letters or normal fetters automatically to your clients customers or anyone in your database Also does single or multiple envelopes or labels Add your own forms or letters 0555 99 00 COMPUTERS 213 379 1342 SOFTWARE CLOSEOUT NEW LICENSED DISK WORDSTAR 3 3 or 3 01 0 6 e eee eee eee eee SUPERSORT 0 0 ran deest eee ANE GE 50 00 SPELLSTAR irene iieo ra eiaeia i ones 45 00 MAILMERGE 2 0 60 000s cece cece cee eens New AUTOLETTER for Dbase Ilx without typing names and addresses Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 NOW FOR XEROX 820 BB amp BBIl LOW COST DISK CONTROLLER SAVE WEAR AND TEAR ON YOUR DISK DRIVES AND FLOPPIES WITH THE MODEL 38681 ALL SOLID STATE RELAY SMALL ENOUGH TO FIT EASILY INSIDE YOUR DISK DRIVE THE 3801 CAN BE INSTALLED IN MINUTES YOUR BIG BOA
130. Z80 system you might pick up Z80 Design Projects by William Bardon Jr Sams This book comes recommended by Oron Lott By next issue you ll have a full complement of tools at least a logic probe and meter and you ll have picked up a BS in microprocessor theory Then we ll be ready to poke around inside a system and see what is and isn t there ENE In your job it depends on having the best tools available at your disposal With such tools your productivity increases and your work becomes easier Wisely you keep a sharp eye open for products using the latest technology Those truly representing the state of the art You have now located the source of advanced debugging technology for PC DOS and CP M 80 More powerful debugging software is not available anywhere at any price Yet the cost is affordable to even the smallest budget DSD 80 Absolutely the most powerful and easiest to use debugger for CP M 80 Full screen symbolic design nou includes a back tracing capability Only 125 00 DSD 86 New and innovative design combines the most sophisticated user interface with the most flexible dispay to create a new generation of debugging technology for the IBM PC Only 69 95 SoftAdvances P O Box 49473 Austin Texas 78765 512 478 4763 Visa amp Mastercard Accepted Please include 4 00 for shipping and handling Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 35 Toll Free Order Line Order Li
131. a string of continuous text These computers insert a line feed see TEST 5 and carriage return when the right margin of the CRT is reached In the Vector Graphics computers TEST 3 is faster than TEST 4 since nulls are not sent to the video RAM and thus line feeds are not generated Milliseconds per Pass VSX 8MHz V 4 5MHz IBM PC 5MHz 8086 8088 2 80 8088 CPM 86 MSDOS CPM 86 CPM 80 PCDOS MSDOS Empty loop 01 01 203 03 03 Move byte 204 204 10 09 09 3 Null to CRT EMIT 42 50 1 50 65 1 93 TEST 5 was run starting with the cursor at the bottom of the screen so for every pass all characters in video RAM were shifted by 80 vege CRT EHT oS i eH Fee ee Ia The IBM PC is slow in this benchmark since it must move 2K of s h Line feed EMIT 9 31 9 34 9 56 18 57 21 92 tition in addition to moving 2K of characters wit These computers have integral terminals The Vector Graphics VSX was tested using LM FORTH for MSDOS and LM FORTH for CPM 86 the V 4 was tested using LM FORTH for CPM 86 and LM FORTH for CPM 80 The IBM PC was tested using LM FORTH for PCDOS and LM FORTH for MSDOS both under PCDOS These benchmarks illustrate that the execution speed of terminal functions in machines with integral terminals is dependent on not only the processor and clock speed but also on the operating system and the specific FORTH version The benchmarks consisted of 65520 passes Micro Cornucopia Number 28 F
132. a a ert 5 00 D8288 a o e be te es 9 00 AVOA NT o a seit aAa An ee aa 90 41290 19 ere en we 2 50 AN 2OG Aida ok oa eek hatin etre 2 75 MODEM TMS 99532 Modem FLOPPY CONTROLLER ace Ga Rit se Satan BGP 9 00 WV ALS th ore aie enter hs teats aeaa 5 00 WOT Riatu ceed eh iarere 7 00 WED 2197 diia le eila owas 9 50 BAUD GENERATOR WD 8116 aaa MISCELLANEOUS UC3524 Sw Reg 85 MM58167A Clock Chip 5 50 CA301 Op Amp CA083 Op Amp f 2N3055 eesi eae ra ee 70 2N6852 ai T e AA A a a 1 00 Voltage Regulators LM323K 5V 3A 4 50 LM78H12 12V 5A 5 00 6116 2Kx8 Static Ram 1 50 VIDEO CONTROLLER DIGG Sica sn Reo ot ese teat ae 3 50 74LS SERIES SOLAR CELLS 212 X5 16 BV 5A Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 8280 Clairemont Mesa Bivd Suite 117 San Diego California 92111 619 569 1864 LOW PROFILE IC SOCKETS 8 Pin 50perTube 14 Pin 25perTube 1 50 16 Pin 25perTube 2 25 18 Pin 25perTube 2 50 20 Pin 20 perTube 2 00 24 Pin 20 perTube 2 50 28 Pin 10 perTube 2 00 40 Pin 10perTube 1 60 PRINTERS Centronics 703 aaau Centronics 588 Centronics P1 Teletype 43KSR NEC 2000 with Single Bin Cut Sheet Feeder Transtar 315 Color 100 CCS 2200 12
133. a bit rather than a byte And the number of elements allowed in a set has been restricted to the comput er s word length in most cases 16 bits In Modula four operations on sets are allowed 1 Union logical OR 2 Difference 3 Intersection logical AND 4 Symmetrical Intersection logical XOR Operators are included for assign ment inclusion and exclusion of ele ments as well as the test for member ship IN Some Pascal programmers may miss having large sets e g SET OF CHAR However these constructs can easily be implemented with proce dures whereas the bit level logical operation provided in Modula 2 had to be implemented as extensions to Pas cal The Borland Implementation Borland s Turbo Modula 2 is a com plete Modula 2 development system consisting of an environment shell which provides necessary develop ment tools including A WordStar like editor File management utilities A native code overlay linker A module librarian Changeable default compiler switches Turbo Modula 2 is also an incremen tal compiler allowing you to edit as you compile The language includes an M Code interpreter based on the Lil Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 ith s Wirth s computer instruction set Therefore no linking is required to run a program The language provides complete support for Modula 2 and three exten sions have been included as wel
134. able amp full warranty This complete package lists for 3194 00 Computer amp Printer 899 ees ONLY SPEX advantage SANYO IVIBC 550 Series Durmir MS DOS Computer Drive System with Sanyo monitor Complete with over 1000 of FREE Software oniy 899 e MS DOS 2 11 MS DOS 1 25 e Wordstar Spellstar e Mailmerge Calcstar e Infostar Easywriter e BASIC ONLY 599 Dilveless without monitor Disk Drive c 2 ps 0 stpi a00k Drives OWL version 10 meg internal 800K Floppy 1399 e Mounting Hardware Options e 800K Operating System A e 2 SS DD 160K Drives 249 ag ns Single Floppy Disk Drives The OWL 799 TEAC FD 55A 160K 59 i SANYO internal 10MB Drive B 2 DS DD 360K Drives TEAC PE a aa Complete with all manuals software and cables Mounting Hardware 199 FREE INSTALLATION of disk drives with purchase of SANYO 550 Accounting Software re a A E businesses with under 20 employees Designed or the in color MS DOS amp CP M Entire package only 149 COMPUTER MS DOS 2 11 amp CP M 80 Computer Two Fast Z80 A s amp one 8088 Processor Accessories MODEM e Volks Modem 1200 300 baud modem with cable 159 e PR 5000 15 cps LQP 279 e DM 3112 12 Sanyo Monitor 89 DMC 6113 13 Hi Res RGB Color Sanyo monitor 299 e 16K Printer Buffer 84 95 e Best prices on cables anywhere At these prices you can enjoy the convenience of owning more than one com
135. abor Cali our service technicians immediate refund 5 1 4 HALF HIGH DRIVES 8 FLOPPY DRIVES EPIC SALES SPECIAL For IBM PC TI PC Xerox 820 Siemens FD200 8 5 1 4 SEAGATE and others DSDD 8 Floppy Drives Epson SD 521 Shugart 850 Compatibie WINCHESTER DRIVES SA 455 Compatible 185 NEW ST 212 10 MEG 1 2 HIGH 399 40 Track 48 TPI ST 225 20 MEG 1 2 HIGH 499 DSDD E 119 NEW 8 DRIVE SUB SYSTEM Case amp P S for 2 5 1 4 includes 2 FDD 200 8 Half High Drives DSDD Drives Vertical Case and Power Supply WINCHESTER CONTROLLER amp HOST BOARDS 72 569 NEW DTC 5150BX IBM Winchester Controller ZOBEX TI PC Winchester Controller eae POWER SUPPLIES XEBEC 1410 Controller cccsccssccccs eneccens IBM PC Replacement 135 Watt XEROX 820 1 amp II Software ncscscnasces sossoonsosos ecenscasee eeecce 135 Western Digital 1002 O05HDO Boshert XL81 5630R 81 Watts Meximum Disk Drive Cable 8 5 8A 12 5A 12 1A 8 5 Multiplexer Box g i Run 8 amp 5 1 4 drives simultaneously 39 Tech Info 214 272 5724 TOLL FREE ORDER LINE 1 800 223 3742 Store Hours TERMS Master Card Visa American Express add 3 service charge Allow 10 days for 9 6 M F 9 1 Sat checks 4 00 Minimum UPS charge 1 66 for COD Texas Residents 6 1 8 Sales Tax 36 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 86 World By Laine Stump Welcome again to Laine s adventures as Micro C s Turki
136. aged a whole slew of competitors Some of them were little more than fancy painting programs while others in cluded libraries for architecture or elec tronics and provided ways to develop and store your own graphics symbols Prices ran from 250 to 1000 I ll try to have a more thorough report for you soon Of all the reasons to get into the PC environment CAD has to be one of the most important Plotters There were a lot of plotters at the show but most were busy showing off someone s CAD package There was one plotter however that was busy showing itself off It s called Penman and it looks more like an errant rodent than a plotter The paper is fastened down on a flat surface and the mouse like plotter scurries about marking here and there This little three pen robot is accurate to one line width emulates a standard HP plotter and produces very large drawings for a very small price There are two models Penman II D does D size 24 by 36 plots and will retail for 575 Penman II E does E size 34 by 44 plots and will retail for 725 The units one disadvantage that I could see is that they are slow A standard plotter costs 10 times as much but will create plots in 1 10 the time Expect to see the Penman on the market by May 1986 It will be avail able from Penman Products Corp 801 West Street Road Feasterville PA 19047 215 357 8988 Database Packages Ashton Tate announced a new
137. ames well and they will tell you what s going on If many implementations limit names to seven characters while Pas cal implementations often allow doz ens the fact is that limited line space and the sheer irritations of typing keep the programmer from using more than seven anyway and the distinction between lower and upper cases in C is no less handy for labeling than a few extra spaces The greatest virtue in the area of variable naming is not wordiness but the force of habit itself I noticed that after my earliest efforts I settled down to the same old labels for the same old techniques General index variables are in order i j and k General character storage is in c and q All characters used as booleans end in capital Q Utility character pointers are charptr File handles are fold fnew fin fout and if just one fdes Nothing very creative here but nowadays when I run into a runQ I can be pretty sure that somewhere I ve tested whether something was run or not and have stored 1 or 0 in the variable Line Vs Parenthesis Oriented Lan guages The obvious difference between Pas cal and C is that Pascal is a line oriented language while C is paren thesis oriented In grammatical terms it s coordination versus subordination Reading Pascal is like slicing bread one line one operation wit
138. ammam amma begin boardDimensions display the results of the calculations elrscr writeln outputDevice with planter do a writeln outputDevice number0fSides 3 t sided figure with top of topDiameter 2 1 bottom of bottomDiameter 2 1 height of height 2 1 writeln outputDevice Vannnee each board dimensions writeln outputDevice 1 angle of angle of writeln outputDevice center edge to one side writeln outputDevice top bottom line center edge of planter writeln outputDevice width width length line angle to vertical eee nnn ene wenn en eee eee enn enn nnn waemrnnenereenen ene nnnnane 3 writeln outputDevice topWidth board 8 2 bottomWidth board 10 2 centerLineLength board 10 2 centerLineToEdgeAngle board 8 2 edgeAngle board 9 2 angleOfSideToVertical board planter 15 2 if usingGraphics then drawFlatView topWidth board bottomWidth board centerLineLength board end var workBoard boardImage begin calculateOneSide setUpBoard workBoard planter boardDimensions workBoard planter end begin main intro usingGraphics TypeKaypro true if 8 Kaypro with graphics assign outputDevice CON text output can go to LST or CON reset outputDevice prime the pump acceptDimensions planterVar if the number of sides is not valid quit while planterVar numberOfSides in 3 40 do begin if
139. ams both with source 2 Crowe Z80 Assembler source 3 New Crowe COM file debugged version 4 New CBIOS with parallel print driver amp other extensions for CP M 1 4 amp 2 2 5 Disk mapper with source USERS DISK 3 1 EPROM burning software for BB 1 2 Reset bit 7 unWordStar a file 3 Disk file CRC checker 4 New fast copy program amp source 5 DU77 disk inspector editor 6 FINDBAD isolates bad disk sectors 7 Print fancy page headings USERS DISK 4 1 CBIOS custom bios for Tandon drives 2 ZCPR dynamite CCP checks drive A for missing COM files improved commands 3 ZCPRBLOC identifies CCP location USERS DISK 5 1 CAT disk cataloging routines 2 Modem 7 for Port A 3 Modem 7 for Port B 4 PACMAN the arcade game 5 FAST buffers the disk to speed up assemblies 6 NOLOCK removes BB 1 shift lock 7 VERIFY cleanup amp verify a flaky disk 8 DUMPX enhanced for BB 1 9 UNLOAD create HEX file from COM file USERS DISK 6 1 REZ 8080 Z80 disassembler TDL mnemonics 2 PRINTPRN prints Crowe listings 3 RUNPAC run time utility package for 8080 assem bly language programs Has 51 functions Includes source which assembles under ASM USERS DISK 7 1 CHNGPFM PFM monitor mods 2 TERM terminal routines let you set up BB as simple terminal as a file receiver or as a file sender 3 Checkbook balancing package 4 Disk Utilities copy to memory from memory and dump USERS DISK 8 1 BDSCIO custom BDSC I O for BB 1
140. and ex pect to hear from them soon Obviously there is nothing wrong with the board except that it does not work on my 4 Hans J Schneider School of Geography U N S W Kensington NSW Australia 2033 new FREE CATALOG CP M Engineering Professional Software 2200 Business Way Suite 207 Riverside CA 92501 714 781 0252 MSDOS e LOCIPRO Root Locus 69 95 e ACTFIL Active Filter Design Analysis 69 95 e STAP Static Thermal Analysis 69 95 e MATRIX MAGIC Matrix Manipulation 69 95 RIGHTWRITER Proofreader amp Writing Style Analyzer 74 95 ACNAPZ2 AC Circuit Analysis 69 95 e DCNAP DC Circuit Analysis 69 95 SPP Signal System Analysis 69 95 e PLOTPRO Scientific Graph Printing 69 95 e PCPLOT2 High Resolution Graphics 69 95 Editor s note I do not know how the JFN board works However your drive data problem may be a slow system PIO Try swapping the two Z80 PIOs in your system and see if the problem doesn t change Your monitor ROM 81 232 should be fast enough to run at 5MHz I hope you did the CAS MUX mod when you speeded up the system If you didn t many people don t I d do that immediately see the Kaypro col umn in this issue or see Issue 12 If your system runs OK for a while at 5MHz and starts making trouble then it s probably a heat sensitive chip Fire up the system and wait until it is messing up Next remove the
141. and manual they want to sell for 49 that s Micropro s advertised price Ronald A Sanford 1336 Denbright Rd Westview Park Catonsville MD 21228 Preassembled Amiga Kits So you re frustrated You want a machine that has great sound and graphics but you don t like the Amiga because it doesn t come as a kit Big Deal A fair amount of your magazine is software and with the Amiga there is a whole passel of hardware to control and loads of registers to dangle your programming toes in It s a 68000 based single board sys tem that gives you access to its system busses via an 86 pin edge connector It supports 32 colors at 640x200 and 16 colors at 640x400 With its custom VLSI to support animation four sound channels and a ROM that includes a text to speech algorithm this multi tasking machine can walk and talk Since when has not coming in a kit 4 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 stopped you from making hardware modifications I ll bet some of your readers with solder behind their ears will find lots of neat stuff to add and modify on the Amiga I d love a1 Meg RAM disk or how about a bat tery backed up clock Show me how to add a 5 25 floppy What about a voice and video digitizer These are just the standards that should come first There is no technical magazine for the Amiga and it would sure make a nice addition to the other systems you cover Maybe you could consi
142. and memo ry The DMA transfers each byte of the disk sector from the floppy con troller to memory allowing the micro processor to tend to other tasks the keyboard timer etc Clocking And Latching Of course talking about putting a value on the data bus and actually doing it at the precise time that the reading device expects it are two dif ferent things Precise timing of data on the bus is the system s key to success If the simple gates and the smart ICs are to EXTERNAL BUS a g 3 w w Q RAM REFRESH ADDRESS DMA REQUEST DMA ACKNOWLEDGE Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 work together they have to dance to the same drummer Otherwise vol tages on the busses will simply flop around unpredictably The 8284A clock generator has the job of drummer synchronizing all the signals within the computer The 8284A clock generator converts 5 volts into an asymmetric square wave to synchronize the logic gates A gate is a circuit which accepts an input state deals with it logically and outputs a corresponding state One gate a buffer for example outputs whatever it receives as an input A high input remains a high output Low outputs low The first machine or computer cy cle begins when a signal from the power supply indicates DC power has stabilized Power is supplied through the 12 pin connector at one edge of the main board The 8284A sends
143. apter XII DRIVE ANALYSIS SOFTWARE CRI TIQUE Chapter XIII DRIVE MODIFICATIONS Appendix A GLOSSARY ONLY 22 DISK DRIVE TUTORIALI The detailed theory and practical facts of floppy drives diskettes FDCs interfacing formatting and disk stored software A must for the Student Programmer and Com puter Shopper save Relates to drives of every manu facture and used in IBM APPLE TANDY COMMODORE KAYPRO TI HP NORTH STAR ATARI DEC etc systems DOZENS OF LABELED PHOTOS AND ILLUSTRATIONS Chapter I GENERAL Chapter Il DISK DRIVES Chapter III DISKETTES Chapter IV INTERFACING Chapter V FORMATTING Chapter Vi SOFTWARE com patibility and protection Chapter VII RECOMMENDA TIONS Appendix A ADDRESSES Appendix B GLOS STOCKPRO II An effective yet unique and unconventiona select common stocks Multiple applications demonstrated that stocks chosen by STOCKPRO subsequently increased in value by an average of 31 to 211 per year STOCKPRO Il is upgraded with increased analytic powers Use the shrew ed statistical and intuitive approach of STOCKPRO If to out smart the legions of Wall Street eggheads Completely des cribed and illustrated Written in straightforward MICROSOFT BASIC ONLY 15 for all Documentation includes listing ONLY 50 for Diskette all Documentation Consumertronics Co ALAMOGORDO NM 88310 2011 CRESCENT DR P O DRAWER 537 Printers and plotters are costly wit tween cos
144. at area Whenever all 1s are sensed on the INTERNAL memory data bus by the eight input NAND gate the gate pre vents the bus driver from transferring the 1s to the main data bus In fact this circuit will also turn off the memory board every time it reads 736 Notre Dame Grosse Pointe MI 48203 all 1s in memory OFFH to those of us who speak in HEX In other words the circuit will work properly only in a system whose data lines are properly terminated the lines are pulled up so they re all 1s while they re not being driven so the pro cessor sees a OFFH anyway Most component type S 100 ma chines i e CPU on one board mem ory on another work fine with this circuit including all of mine strangely Figure 1 Circuit Using 8 bit wide static RAMs or EPROMs 74LS3 FROM EXISTING OUTPUT ENABLE CIRCUITS SIT ENABLE 74 L 244 TYPICAL 8 INPUT NAND S395 Dg cJ904 C341 342 S391 SJ92 SJ93 S343 Di7 BUS DRIVER 4 7K na PULL UP RESISTOR Figure 2 Circuit for Disabling TK Block of Memory S 19G ADDRESS BUS OUT ENABLE O 5V T4L S136 Ka 74LS244 TYPICAL WOOO OOO OC SN IKn PULL UP RESISTOR Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 enough but most single board S 100 systems don t usually because their designers saw no need to terminate an internal bus Address Decoding Unlike the circuit in Figure 1 which uses data content to disable system
145. at perihelion will always plot on the screen though it might be the only one on the screen begin m 0 compute_it focusx 160 round 5 scale r plot_focus procedure statusline writes the orbital elements on status line begin gotoxy 1 25 write e e 8 4 gotoxy 15 25 write tas a 4 4 gotoxy 30 25 write M step 4 deg gotoxy 45 25 write scale scale 4 dots A U shelp gotoxy 1 1 fix of obscure bug if you quit with the cursor on line 25 thats where it stays end eee nn en nnn w eee Pome nnn ween ene e woccaenon procedure switch_cursor on_or_off switch begin case on_or_off of on write 27 Bu Kaypro ESC sequence to turn cursor on off write 27 C4 n n an n off end procedure switch_statusline on_or_off switch begin case on_or_off of on write 27 B7 off write 27 C7 end status line preservation on hi off End of Listing 69 Pascal Procedures By John P Jones John called right after issue 27 had gone to bed to typesetting really excited about his idea for this column he was very early but the thought couldn t wait His struggles with inline code in Turbo were so bother some that he had begun looking for alternatives He called because he had found a solution The result is this really close look at the relationship between a popular compiler and a popular assembler As fast as Turbo
146. atics are for the revision 5 Xerox PWA The assembly drawings and the PC board are functionally identical to the Xerox prod uct This package will be available in mid February 35 00 for personal or company checks to clear Add Arlington Texas 76010 5 for shipping handling Texas add 5 125 817 640 0207 state sales tax 32 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 19 SWARE ANNOUNCES UNIQUE 79 95 M A G 1 CTM INVESTMENT SOFTWARE San Diego Now investors of all skill and experience levels from novice to expert can completely develop and test their own strategies Under flexible user control M A G I C becomes a computer of objective buy and sell signals a consistent decision maker an effective market timer a profit optimizer an investment strategy developer This affordable innovative investment soft ware is available from WARE Toois for Investors for CP M and MS DOS systems with a Basic interpreter such as MBASIC BASICA or GWBASIC M A G I C gets its name from a descriptive acronym M oving Average Generated nvestment C riteria Us ing techniques explained below users make retrospec tive trading runs on historic data to develop the op timum strategy for their chosen vehicle Then using this Strategy with current prices M A G I C computes buy sell signals to guide real time trading in that vehicle Dr R B Gordon author and publisher of M A G I C soft ware based t
147. ation and application notes SPOOLER II board with Power Supply Wired amp Tested 249 00 SPOOLER II board with Power Supply Complete Kit 229 00 Optional Enclosure 2 3 6ca cece cca sdaes yea dena ae aek 49 00 Prepaid units shipped via UPS Blue at no charge COD orders also accepted No credit cards at this time CA orders add 612 Sales Tax To order or for further information call or write L BAND SYSTEMS 1037 E Lemon Ave Monrovia CA 91016 818 357 0566 ARNOUICING OUR HE PRODUCTS Full implementation of C with standard floating point library and I O subroutines UNIX VER 7 compatible Produces relocatable 8080 optional 0Z80 assembler code Relocating assembler and linker supplied with package or use Microsoft M80 and L80 SID ZSID debugger interface FAST COMPILATION AND EXECUTION AZTEC CII FOR CP M 199 Special price for Micro C subscribers 149 MANX aa a masie charge VISA software systems sient ay _ Box 55 Shrewsbury N J 07701 201 780 4004 Also available for Apple DOS HDOS CP M 86 PC DOS 44 Sampler 35 and or Professional Systems from 175 for Apple Probos Amiga Micro VAX Macintosh IBM PC AT DEC Falcon UNIFORTH isa full featured floating point FORTH 83 Standard language available for most micro and mini computers Call or write for our ree catalog or use our Bulletin Board 614 459 7736 300 1200 Baud for mo
148. ation and database maintenance saerta reena re acct TR lt Gace Gerad ate os wr tore gia ule ea ed wa eos Meg eas 99 95 Elegant menu and command line driven file and disk catalog manager DISCAT Generates and controls multiple master catalogs working catalog used for update quickness Nine flexible modules easily altered by user for custom requirements Works with Z shells VMENU VFILER MENU aliases and multiple commands DEP WG tae ie Sx doe wien med acace E oa o u Sake OS Ew AA esl Wi ne Rae wd Siege Sih eee 39 99 ZCPR3 The Manual Bound 350 pages typeset book describes features of ZCPR3 command processor how it works how to install and detailed command usage Bible to nderstand Z Sy stem i ee ae awk Hasna De We Eee SUA REE apts 19 95 ZCPR3 and I OPS Loose leaf book 50 pages 8 1 2 by 11 describes ins and outs of input output processing using Z System Shows how to modify your BIOS to include I O redirection complements The Manual ccc cece eee ee eee eens 9 95 More missing links found Z Application Progams Fly with eagles Our programs promote high performance through flexibility Productivity results from dynamically changeable work environments matching operator to tasks and machines Above programs require 48K byte memory ZCPR3 Z Com or Z System and Z80 NSC800 HD64180 based computer Shipping from stock State desired disk format plus two acceptable alternatives As payment we accept
149. be exited at any point and later resumed from the point of exit All variables remain intact because each co routine has its own stack for local variables and activation records procedure calls for example You might use a co routine to han dle interrupts See Figure 3 Modula 2 has a special construct the proce dure IOTRANSFER continued next page Figure 1 Visibility and Existence MODULE MAIN MODULE ONE EXPORT A VAR A B CARDINAL MODULE TWO IMPORT A EXPORT C D VARC MODULE THREE IMPORT A EXPORT D E VAR D E CHAR Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 Borland International 4585 Scotts Valley Dr Scotts Valley CA 95066 Figure 2 Definition and Implementation Modules DEFINITION MODULE ScreenI0 EXPORT QUALIFIED ClearScreen ClearToEOL GotoXY PROCEDURE ClearScreen PROCEDURE ClearToEOL PROCEDURE GotoXY X CARDINAL END ScreenlO IMPLEMENTATION MODULE ScreenIO FROM InOut IMPORT WritelInt FROM Terminal IMPORT WriteString Write FROM Strings IMPORT Length PROCEDURE ClearScreen BEGIN Command 2J END ClearScreen PROCEDURE ClearToEOL BEGIN Command K 3 END ClearToEOL PROCEDURE GotoXY X Y CARDINAL BEGIN Command WriteIntcY 1 Write WriteInt X 1 3 Writec H END GotoxyY PROCEDURE Command s ARRAY OF CHAR CONST Esc 33C BEGIN WriteCEsc Write IF Length s gt O THEN WriteStr
150. be great All those pitches for money money money must be mak ing a lot of software writers rich They just put a program on their local bulletin board and almost by magic hundreds of letters bearing thousands of dollars come flooding in It s just what chain letters promised they d be The following On Your Own is a discussion with Bob Wallace author of PC Write one of the most success ful if not the most successful share ware programs available I think you ll enjoy his insights Shareware is a unique area for software In the past people pur chased commercial software from the author and then gave it away to friends The shareware concept has changed that Now people get soft ware free give it to their friends and then their friends purchase it from the author At least that s the way it s supposed to work I ve talked to a number of shareware authors I d use the term freeware but it s copyrighted and all have reported discouraging responses to their pleas for money The author of Castle has received several hundred letters requesting in formation on playing the game a graphic adventure game for the PC but only about 500 in contributions The author of QMODEM an MS DOS menu driven version of MODEM7 re ported that he has received only about 1000 Both authors indicated they were sure that there were many thou sands of copies in use I was quite surprised when I found Bob Wallace dis
151. bout five seconds After my great success I started thinking about what a shared code segment implies First any variables stored in the code segment are accessi ble to all users Second code overlays are strictly taboo since it would be 38 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 possible for two processes to request different program code in the same overlay area at the same time and somebody would be sure to execute the last half of somebody else s in struction and wind up wiping 9 months of accounting data off the disk in less time than it takes to say illegal instruction trap With this sobering thought in my mind I started up Turbo and took all the OVERLAY PROCEDURE defini Figure 1 SHORT PAS TYPE string128 string 128 BDOSRegisters record tions out Whew That was close Of course I had to try crashing it first just for fun Sure enough it worked The final word on running Turbo programs in shared code mode DON T use overlays and be careful about using typed constants as initial ized static variables typed constants are stored in the code segment Other than that there seems to be no prob lem You shouldn t have any problem AX BX CX DX BP SI D1I DS ES Flags integer end BDOSRegisters FUNCTION GetVC integer VAR reg BDOSRegisters begin reg CX 99 BDOS reg GetVC lo reg AX Getvc PROCEDURE AttachDefVC VA
152. cabinet top and use ice cubes in a plastic bag to cool off groups of chips until the cooling makes the system run properly Then heat it up again and iso late the chip that is causing the trouble Now let s take a look at the cost of the mag azine I agree that our foreign rates are too high but we are barely breaking even on the Australian subscriptions as it is Australia is one of the primary reasons we went to 30 for foreign subscriptions The postal service here wants nearly 3 per copy for airmail to your area The other option is to send the copies via surface mail slow boat to you know where You ll hear from us AFFORDABLE ENGINEERING TRSDOS PCDOS SOFTWARE Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 Shake Rattle And Crawl I have a problem with vertical video wiggle or crawl on my Xerox 820 at about a 1Hz rate It s not really terrible but does get irritating Do you folks know of any fixes At the 1984 SOG there was talk of a ham net to discuss implement a packet system to be held on either 80 or 40 me ters Is that happening If not how about Sunday nights 7 p m at 3870KHz and down Or has the Tucson packet system ended the discussion Lee Chambers WB7UEU 1111 Archwood Drive 298 Olympia WA 98502 Editor s note The usual reason for the video crawl is that the vertical output isn t exactly 60Hz so it beats against the 60Hz mains If the vertical output is slig
153. call and then insist that you want a kit Also you must be purchasing it from inside the U S If you re using anything other than plastic e g purchase order then resign yourself to getting an assembled unit Trevor noted that support costs two engineers on the phones plus parts shipping repairing etc for the kits have been substantial so they re really encouraging people especially non hardware types to go for the finished systems I know very well the costs of supporting user manipu lated hardware It seems like every budding and unbud ding hardware type has done the II to 4 upgrade or the Kaypro speed up as his first project get out the blow torch honey A lot of innocent Kaypros have suffered needless brain damage Limited Pascal I know why C is the language of choice for Unix systems The Greenhills Pascal compiler that s available for the DSI 32 is absolutely standard Pascal just like Unix Pascal That means no string functions and no random continued next page Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 Digital dynamics e NEW SEETIME has alarms You can set up to 4 alarms each containing date time amp message e NEW Screen saver feature turns off the screen after a set time with no keyboard activity e NEW Configuration program to set SEETIME parameters time date location on screen military or civilian display format cursor blinking or steady screen Saver tim
154. can play and replay without Turbo Pascal or revise and rewrite with Turbo Pascal 3 0 We give you the source code the manual the diskettes and the competi tive edge Chess Bridge and Go Moku State of the art games that let you be play er referee and rules committee all at once Three special packs with dazzling discounts that will help get you into a Holiday mood You can get some of Turbo most of Turbo or all of Turbo including the two newest members of the Turbo family Turbo GameWorks and Turbo Editor Toolbox You also get our unmatched 60 day money back guarantee quality products that aren t copy protected TURBO NEW PACK 95 00 You get the two exciting new members of the because you have the Turbo Pascal source Turbo Pascal family code Learn exactly how the games are TURBO GAMEWORKS Chess Bridge and Go made so you can go off and make your Moku complete with source code and a 200 own And Turbo GameWorks is the only quality page manual game you can buy that is not copy protected TURBO EDITOR TOOLBOX all the building Sold separately only 69 95 Just 47 50 if you blocks to make your own editors and word buy the Turbo New Pack processors complete with source code and a TURBO EDITOR P 200 page manual TOOLBOX 69 95 TURBO HOLIDAY PACK 125 00 Build your own word processor for only 69 95 You get all three of the Turbo family classics You get ready to compile sour
155. ce code a full for only 125 00 about a 30 discount Turbo featured WordStar like word processor and a 200 Pascal 3 0 and Turbo Tutor and Turbo Data page manual that tells you how to integrate the editor Base Toolbox all for just 125 00 procedures and functions into your programs With TURBO PASCAL combines the fastest Pascal Turbo Editor Toolbox you can have the best of all compiler with an integrated develop word processors You can make WordStar behave like ment environment Multi Mate Support windows just like Microsoft s TURBO TUTOR teaches you step by step Word And do it as fast as WordPerfect does it how to use Turbo Pascal with commented Incorporate your new hybrids into your pro source code for all program examples on diskette grams to achieve incredible control and power Sold TURBO DATABASE TOOLBOX offers three problem a e separately only 69 95 If you buy the Turbo New Pack solving modules for your Turbo Pascal programs Turbo ieee the price drops to just 47 50 Access Turbo Sort and GINST which generates a ready s to nin installation program that lets you forget about adapting your software to specific terminals T URBO HOLIDAY JUMBO PACK 245 00 _ This is it the whole thing volgen eae tats ise peves mebes a ae o ake checks payable ational orland Intern rade R clude an Poet BCD The noliday pet i oprons 50 YO sly COPE su suppor for 39 55 00
156. cessing and file Me serving system in stand alone or multiuser environments Features include Hitachi 64180 processor with NCR 5380 SCSI interface begin main program repeat if open files then get filenames and open if input present begin process_files elose_files end writeln write Convert another continue with another read kbd continue writeln continue until not continue in Y ty QUAD DENSITY FLOPPY DRIVE SUPPORT Drives and PROM s available for any configura tion including above listed hard disk kits FORBES ENGINEERING 4023 N 38th Ave Phoenix AZ 85019 CALL 602 269 9514 end main program End of Listing Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 The first truly integrated Editor Linker is now available from Oliver The Editor supports block move block copy both efficiency of storage and very fast assembly time The Assembler can be immediately invoked after any edittin 86 s own efficient LN to a COM file EXE or to ED A ED ASM 86 Macros and most standard pseudo ops are supported UNIQUE to ED ASM is its structured assembly language capability No more wasted labels and time Multiple segmented programs can be be sent to CO files Assembler Computing partial save and partial load insertion All text is tokenized for FAST screen I O and separate editor debug windows command Out file format 80 Debugger and Company
157. ch and output the scan data to the computer It was up to the computer to translate that information into vector information or text The computer needs graphics in vec tor form if it is to be manipulated by any of the CAD packages It also needs to be able to translate characters into ASCII text The scanner designers are already working on vector outputs and ASCII recognition the good ones are going to be using artificial intelligence in their character recognition schemes I expect to see vector outputs by next year but ASCII will probably take another year One outfit is doing a bit of both already but the system is very expensive 22 Drivetek Strikes Again Kodak was showing off its latest drive technology I was interested un til I saw the 2 6 meg floppy drive that they were featuring Wow TIl bet Kaypro would love to sell Kodak all the Driveteks they have sitting in the warehouse both Kaypro and Kodak bought rights to manufacture them Kaypro even bought a bunch of the drives for its Robie Kaypro has writ ten off the whole lot Other than the fact that they couldn t find disks that worked relia bly with the drives the disk manufac turers saw things a bit differently the drives were perfect Another Day Another Drive Anyway if you wanted a new pick NOW AT THE SBC MART 135 Watts side switch top quality one year warranty standard cables for 4 disk drives Model PS 135 power supply
158. chives and utility sources on disk Phone orders shipped immediately Write or Call today for free brochure Viking C Systems 2243 South Belaire Drive Salt Lake City UT 84109 1 801 466 6820 Grant VIKING SOFTWARE TOTALCONTROL with LMI FORTH For Programming Professionals an expanding family of compatible high performance Forth 83 Standard compilers for microcomputers For Development Interactive Forth 83 Interpreter Compilers 16 bit and 32 bit implementations Full screen editor and assembler Uses standard operating system files 400 page manual written in plain English Options include software floating point arithmetic coprocessor support symbolic debugger native code compilers and graphics support For Applications Forth 83 Metacompiler e Unique table driven multi pass Forth compiler e Compiles compact ROMable or disk based applications Excellent error handling e Produces headerless code compiles from intermediate states and performs conditional compilation Cross compiles to 8080 Z 80 8086 68000 and 6502 No license fee or royalty for compiled applications Support Services for registered users Technical Assistance Hotline e Periodic newsletters and low cost updates e Bulletin Board System Call or write for detailed product information and prices Consulting and Educational Services available by special arrangement i Laboratory Microsystems Incorporated
159. clude the source PROGRAMMER S CALCULATOR shows the internal workings of a stack memory and registers MS 10 Modems QMODEM and KERMIT MS 11 Multi User RBBS 12 3 Multi user Remote Bulletin Board System with source disk MS 12 included free MS 13 Editor amp Formatter ROFF4 PC WRITE and manuals on disk Very popular freeware MS 14 FORTH 83 MS 15 Deskmate Zap Unerase A sidekick lookalike disk inspector and more utilities MS 16 Piano Man amp Other Tunes Turn your keyboard into a piano MS 17 Arcade Games PANGO PYRAMID BRICKS and more Good audio and graph ics MS 18 Typing Tutor A nice touch typing practice tool Keeps track of your keystrokes errors and practice time Calculates accuracy and words minute MS 19 Prolog XLisp Introductory interpreters to improve your artificial intelligence Periphco Phenix Co cece cee eee en eee PluPerfect Systems Poor Person Software Rolland Management SLR Systems Second City Software Servo Computers Soft Advances Source Information Southern Pacific USA Superior Electronics Systems Peripherals Consultants Tiny Tek Tomorrow s Computing Unified Software United Products Viking C Systems Western Wares WW Components All disks are PC Standard DS DD 360K 12 00 each ppd o P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 s T rmation 9 Noon PS Q ORS r SOK The Last Page By Gary Entsminger A
160. cluded 3 Constants passed as external ref erences MUST evaluate to 16 bits or Turbo may not generate the correct INLINE code Also M80 understands only 16 bit externals Critical Z80 Instructions Most of the hex data can be copied to the Pascal almost verbatim all op codes quoted strings and absolute addresses or constants Relocatable and external teferences need some additional work The Z80 assembler instructions that can generate these references are shown in Figure 1 Figure 1 a label the label enclosed in parentheses we can copy that label directly to the inline code The second group has the label or data following a comma we can copy the word following the com ma to the output This leaves just the unconditional CALL and JP instruc tions The program skips any label skips the operator then copies the next word to the output Inline Code Generator The program Listing 2 accepts an M80 listing file as input and outputs a Pascal source file see Listing 3 on bulletin board which can be Included or read in with the Turbo editor References external to the AL routine are supported and all internal labels are resolved for the compiler Assum ing that all external references are known to Turbo the resulting code will compile correctly without any manual changes The output is format ted for readability and the assembler source is included as Pascal comments There are several assumptio
161. coming that should shame WordStar If you want the latest version with manual on disk which you are welcome to share with everyone send 10 to Quicksoft 219 First N 224 Seattle WA 98109 206 282 0452 The most unusual text editor I saw was Multi lingual Scribe It lets you edit display and print English in cluding most European characters Hebrew Greek Arabic and Russian And you can intermix all these lan guages at will A single keystroke switches between them Characters are written on the screen from left to right or from right to left depending on the language This 349 95 package even lets you create your own characters and it includes keyboard templates It s available from Gamma Productions Inc 817 10th St Suite 102 Santa Monica CA 90403 213 451 9507 Outline Processor I didn t see this outline processor run but Sandy did and she was very excited about it Called Eazy it ap pears to have more features than ThinkTank Ready and Maxthink yet it s only 49 95 It s supposed to be compatible with standard text editors have built in editing functions on disk tutorials full outline display and more Contact them for more info Computer Personalities 303 Hegenberger Rd Suite 405 Oakland CA 94621 415 568 4821 Graphics Graphics packages computer aided design style were really showing up in force Though Auto Cad has be come the standard its high price around 2500 has encour
162. comment brace destBuff DestBuff COPY lineBuffer 1 100 copy rest as comments destBuff DestBuff CHR 125 ending brace END WRITELN DestFile DestBuff END IF Length END 10 END ProcessFile PROCEDURE CommandLine VAR S filename processed line to file get 1st argument from commnand line 5D is hex address of 1st character in command line The end of the 1st argument was marked with 0 by CP M BEGIN Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 Relocatable Z80 Macro Assembler e Only 49 95 plus shipping 8080 to Z80 Source Code Converter e Generates Microsoft compatible REL files or INTEL compatible hex files e Compatible with Digital Research macro assemblers MAC amp RMAC e Generates Digital Research compatible SYM files e Conditional assembly e Phase dephase e Cross reference generation e Full Zilog mnemonics INCLUDE and MACLIB FILES e Separate data program common and absolute program spaces e Supports Hitachi HD64180 Z80 Linker and Library Manager for Microsoft compatible REL files available as an add on to Assembler Sirs tts next line copies memory from hex 5D into string S until 0 encountered WHILE MEM LENGTH S 5D lt gt 0 DO S S CHR MEM LENGTH S 5D S CopyTo S S CopyTo S END CommandLine dont include spaces arate er ee Main Program Body BEGIN CommandLine PrnFileName
163. ctions and oversized resis tors you might try Mitch Mlinar our Xerox columnist continued on page 82 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 5 This Winter s Amiga By Martin Murray A cursory reading of Amiga World Magazine would lead one to believe that all s well in Amiga land Well it is and it isn t Read on for an inside look from a software developer s point of view The Amiga a multitasking micro based on the MC68000 promises the most bang for the buck in 1986 Priced to sell at 1295 it s impressive main system unit with 256K RAM an 880K 3 5 floppy drive keyboard mouse operating system and ROM and ABasiC Additional floppy drives are 295 each and another 256K of RAM is 195 You can use your TV for display cheap or buy a fancy 4095 color Amiga RGB monitor for 495 Sony has a nice Trinitron monitor that works also If you re planning to use the system for development work your system should have two drives one is exter nal 512K and the Sony monitor better quality image with less shake than the Amiga RGB You should also get an Epson compatible dot matrix printer or one of the supported laser printers Laser Jet or Laser Jet Plus Undocumented Features The Amiga has great graphics great sound and at least one undocumented feature an experimental operating system A large portion of ROM 256K is still on a floppy called KICK START which you l
164. debuggers for starters We re really glad to be skip ping from the Z80 directly to the 68000 6 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 without going through the Intel confu sion The only advantage I can see of the 8086 8088 is the inherent relocata bility of code on 64K boundaries But that s not that big a deal because you can write code to run anywhere you put it in the 68000 The Amiga looks like a really good area for us because there s almost no software available for it In fact most of the products that say they re ship ping now are still vaporware Deluxe Paint however is real and it s really zingy It s a full featured graphics de sign program with animation written by Dan Silva of Electronic Arts The Future Now Lots will be happening in Amiga land this year I hear someone will offer MS DOS so you can run PC software and with 8 5 megabytes of address you can expect memory ex pansion boards hard disks modems etc But no matter what happens and despite the shortcomings now the makers of the Amiga have made my day I love it Now if I could just get my hands on that development pack age FREE SOFTWARE FROM THE PUBLIC DOMAIN User Group Software isn t copyrighted so no fees to pay 1000 s of CP M and IBM software programs in COM and source code to copy your self Games business utilities All FREE IBMPC SIG 1 390 Disksides IBMPC BLUE 1 154 Disksides SIG M
165. ded see Ref 3 Included in Screen 17 are words which generate a break using the USART You can tell the UNINET PAD to generate a break but if you re con nected directly to the remote computer Figure 4 Nulls received from BRS via Uninet Words following or gt in caps were typed by the user A Sample of a session using default values Nulls are represented rather than through a PAD then your computer must generate the break For Other Systems The program was written for a Vec tor Graphics V 4 using CPM 86 Changing to an IBM PC using PC DOS for example required only that screen 16 be modified to show 3F8 as the DATA PORT 01 as the MASK BYTE and 3FD as the STATUS PORT Using PC DOS the USART is initial ized with the command line MODE COM1 1200 N 8 1 Screens 22 23 and 27 contain a semi automatic log on if not required eliminate references to these screens SCR 26 line 9 SCR 25 line 9 The line feed key triggers the log on messages in Screen 27 In Screen 22 the word BLOCK takes as its argument the screen number and returns the starting address of the screen in RAM The screen is automat ically read into RAM if not already present The first character is sent and the program remains in the inner BEGIN UNTIL loop until it sees an echo at the input port A terminates the block send If no echo is received within 200h loops the program assumes a commu nications failure
166. der it a kit that comes preassembled Bob Gobeille 805 Laporte Ave Fort Collins CO 80521 Editor s note Most people don t know that we re wet behind the ears because the flux hasn t dried yet And yes I m excited about the Amiga too More On Amiga Please consider including a column on the Commodore Amiga or at least a column on 68000 based machines limited to the Amiga the Mac and the Atari ST I would enjoy articles on adding memory perhaps exploiting some of the cheap memory boards for the PC and devices to the Amiga s expansion port Peter B Schroeder 11550 S W 108 Court Miami FL 33176 Fixing Bugs With A RAM Disk I appreciated your review of the Kaypro 2000 in the Issue 26 Kaypro Column I m writing this on my 768K 2000 at 37 000 feet over Alabama Super productivity tool Two complaints you had about WordStar and the problem of high power usage while the disk drive is running are solved by a RAM disk With the RAM upgrade on my ma chine Kaypro sent a RAM disk pro gram which I installed for 400K On my WordStar program disk I simply set up an AUTOEXEC BAT batch file which on cold boot automatically co pies the WordStar program files to the RAM disk phantom drive C and then logs to drive C Then the disk drive practically never runs again until I finish writing The edited file must end up back on A since when the machine is shut down the contents of the RAM disk
167. e If no paren or comma is unconditional JP or CALL so skip potential label skip operator JP or CALL then copy next word as external label var sreline string srclen st len left integer begin sreline src_copy outpline outpline left pos srcline if left lt gt 0 then srcline copy srcline 1 left 1 left pos srcline if left gt 0 then begin len pos srceline left 1 outpline outpline copy srcline left 1 len end else begin left pos srcline if left gt 0 then begin st left 1 scan st len sreline end else begin st pos t srcline 1 skip potential label sean st len srcline get amp skip operator st st len scan st len srcline end outpline outpline copy sreline st len end end procedure process_ext procedure process_code Process code portion of input line Make local copy of code portion of input line then sequentially scan code for hex words If word is marked as relocatable with apostrophe suffix copy word to output and append t and procedure name so Turbo can calculate absolute address If external reference call process_ext to extract and append proper label Finally if is an absolute value copy to output line var st len integer begin code_copy copy inpline code_start codelen st f len 0 while st lt length code_copy do begin scan st len cod
168. e scaleValue real begin scale the working values for the display size and convert into integer values with twoD do begin pi x round work pA x scaleValue pl y t round work pA y scaleValue p2 x round work pB x scaleValue p2 y round work pB y scaleValue end end procedure drawKayproLine work twoDLine origin twoDPoint begin the Kaypro 84 CON device allows an escape sequence to create lines using the block graphics available escape followed by ascii L uses the next four characters sent to the CON as the y and x coordinates of the endpoints of the desired line yxyx order each coordinate value needs binary 32 added to it the Y axis on Kaypro goes down screen so the scaled y values are subtracted from the screen origin to allow positive values to go up on screen binary 32 must be added to the X and Y coordinates sent to screen with work do write L char 32 origin y pl y endpoint 1 char 32 origin x pi x 1 char 32 origin y p2 y endpoint 2 char 32 origin x p2 x 2 end Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 begin lineToScreen screenScale seratch work scale drawKayproLine scratch origin end begin draw3DLine combineYZ work rotation lineToScreen work origin scale end var workLine line begin drawSide draw edges of a single side of a planter top work
169. e 64K tekxs 150ns 275 E aae erel araen pat 4 src_eopy 1 Q 64K 64Kx1 150 ns 1 49 w Q terminat ith foll 11 o Zx aie cone sro_copy ae so following search will work 7 si EPROM O x gee t pos end sraq_copy lt gt 0 E 27C256 32Kx8 250 ns 7 50 Z a Gee in hex hex code present 2 27256 32Kx8 250 ns 4 75 2 Process _ code ae te t need different prefix for all succeding bytes Sp 27C64 8Kx8 250 NS 3 75 S S en are A aig lt 30 do outpline outpline x g 2764 8Kx8 250 NS 2 50 4 lt gt 3 8 d ce A me S STATIC RAM 6264LP 158kKx8 150 ns 2 99 OPEN 7 DAYS WE CAN SHIP VIA FED EX ON SAT NO EXTRA MasterCard VISA or UPS CASH COD costron Factory New Prime Parts uPoo split output line if wider than screen if length outpline gt 79 then begin lastword 79 while not outpline lastword in whitespace do lastword pred lastword writeln pas_include copy outpline 1 lastword writeln pas_include copy outpline lastword 255 lastword pa peuvery MICROPROCESSORS UNLIMITED INC else is w u RECEIVED BY 24 000 S Peoria Ave iE end A eee ag Th SaN BEGGS OK 74421 918 267 4961 i Prices shown above are for Jan 27 1986 begin procedure process_files Please call for current prices Prices subject to change Please expect higher or lower pri on some parts due to supply amp demand and our changing costs Shipping amp insurance extra Cash discount prices shown O
170. e Inside Out by Sargent and Shoemaker and or the IBM XT Tech nical Reference And of course we ll continue to explore our personal clones and write about them on the pages of Micro C Amazingly the microprocessor and its support chips stay coordinated and everything works usually It s just a matter of timing There are reports however of pro grammers waking during near sleep less nights from dreams of broken latches and spiraling bus lines MSC LAT 1 LATI Just take off your main KAYPRO board and put LATI1 K into your cabinet All advantage of LATI is yours now CP M plus 5 a registered trademark of Digital Research inc 280 15 a registered trademark of Zilog Inc Turbo Dos is a registered trademark of Software 2000 Inc Mountain Side Computer and ZENET are trademark of Southern Pacific Limited Size 10 X 6 inch 4 layered Distributors England Quanta systems 001 253 8423 Denmark Danbit 03 662020 Finland BB Soft 90 692 6297 India Betamatix PVT Ltd 0812 71989 Australia LAMRON PTY Ltd 02 808 3666 THE BEST Z280 ASSEMBLER ON THE MARKET JUST GOT BETTER Z80ASM ony SE QPS DON T ASK HOW OURS CAN BE SO FAST ASK WHY THEIRS ARE SO SLOW a breath of fresh air Computer Language Feb 85 in two words I d say speed amp flexibility Edward Joyce User s Guide 15 NORMALIZED PERFORMANCE Assembie ZCPR3 to create a HEX file 0 SM 2500AD 80 8 ZAS
171. e baddies While you and I sit at our termin als making the machine display what suits our whims most of the rest of the world see only the printed page Improving the looks of that page is a job done rather well by software in the public domain The definitive program to format text is Professor Ernest E Bergmann s ROFF4 SIG M Volume 174 with par tial update on SIG M Volume 195 While seemingly written for the special requirements of scientific manuscripts ROFF allows the user to design scien tific symbols or special characters produce headers and footnotes and produce a page that does justice to the text The CP M world is way behind the MAC and the PC in tabletop publishing but ROFF is one of the gems that provides a means to close this gap High Resolution Graphics Printing Another program to add printing power to a CP M machine is the High Resolution Graphics Printing System from the Air Force Institute of Tech nology SIG M Volume 194 It comes configured for C Itoh Epson and Okidata printers with driver source code for other printers Neither ROFF nor the Air Force program has the ease of use of the Macintosh Moreover you won t get output equal to the Apple Laser What you will get with a little work is some pretty good looking copy with charts and graphs that ll make your copy distinctive If your needs are not quite as de manding and your skills a little weak the libraries are still filled wit
172. e cursor blinking or not ignores nulls and your choice of 1 4 drives of the 191K 390K and 784K variety Use of 3 or 4 drives requires decoder Installation requires no cuts or jump ers The ROM simply plugs into a Kaypro 4 83 or II 83 with a Kaypro 4 processor board If you have a Kaypro II with the original II processor board then you must do the II to 4 upgrade See issue 21 for details Your Kaypro II has the original II board if the monitor ROM a 20 pin chip with paper stuck to its top is marked 81 149 The 4 ROM is marked 81 232 for 84 KayPros Pro 884 This ROM lets you run any mix of quad density 784K drives and double sided double density drives as A and B on you 84 Kaypro Plus if you plug in the decoder board you can run up to four drives Pro 884 MAX The MAX gives you all the advantages of the Pro 884 plus faster screen scrolling ZCPR in ROM you warm boot on any disk whether it has system tracks or not screen dump ctrl p type printer output and VT52H 19 terminal emula tion in addition to the original ADM3 to name a few We worked on this hammer for nearly a year If you need more information on the Pro 884s or our 83 compatible ROMS call write or yell for our KayPro Users Catalog Pro Monitor ROMS Pro 8 Ver3 49 95 PrG 884 r a es oe 59 95 Pro 884 MAX 79 95 Decoder Board 39 95 s Only 503 382 8048 ve rate RY OOS OOOO
173. e from end Call Main Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 k Western Wares 303 327 4898 Box C e Norwood CO 81423 HiSpeed C Library e REFERENCE MANUAL with examples three indexes module maps impatient user s guide 5 5 x 8 5 410 pp More than 310 functions in five libraries for Software Toolworks C 80 in Microsoft M80 format also SLR Systems Twenty seven utilities Requires Digital Re search CP M 2 2 and 8080 2Z80 CPU e Develop portable applications using Bell Labs Unix V7 conventions Designed from Kernighan amp Ritchie Harbi son amp Steele Banahan amp Rutter Sidebottom amp Wortman and Donald Knuth s three volume set Settable dynamic buffers Full stream I O Transcen dentals Strings Math Searching amp sorting Timing Compact code K amp R HELLO COM is 254 bytes Up to 255 files Direct disk Directory Memory management High speed seek Fastest block reads System access Speed and code size optimization Automated compile assemble and link Ideal incremental development e Useful C Utilities Xref Beauty Calls BoldList Archive Portable Source Generator Jump on error Monitor e Sample Programs Learn or teach C style using source code from textbooks scholarly periodicals and popular magazines e No royalties No copy protection No limitations on educational use No extra charges Reference Manual with library object code on disk 29 95 e Source code ar
174. e how much you d lose in Vegas 7 WUMPUS a caver s delight kill the Wumpus or be killed 8 PRESSUP similar to Othello 9 Games 7 games in one program includes blackjack maze and animal USERS DISK 13 1 ZZSOURCE disassembles to real Zilog mnemonics 2 EX14 superset of submit or supersub 3 MOVPATCH lets you use MOVECPM on other copies of CP M 4 XMON 3K expanded BB I monitor use in ROM or as overlay 5 CURSOR prompts you for cursor char you want 6 UMPIRE very fancy RAM test 7 ZSIDFIX display improvement for ZSID 8 PIPPAT modify PIP so you can reset system from within PIP 9 Lets you use the BB as a calculator including HEX 10 SORT sort package written in C80 USERS DISK 14 BB II Software 1 PRO382 latest 2732 reader amp programmer 2 SMODEMz2 lets BB II talk to Hayes smartmodem 3 GRAFDEMO demonstrates BB II graphics in BASIC 4 ATTRTEST demonstrates BB II graphics in JRT Pascal 5 INITSIO initializes port B for 300 or 1200 baud 6 MENU displays menu of COM files enter number to run file 7 SETCLK sets realtime clock built into BB II 8 PRINT2 modified print which accesses BB II clock 9 BOX draws a thin line box on screen 10 ALIENS space invaders arcade game 11 LISTSET printer interface auto enables RTS ig nores DCD USERS DISK 15 Word Processing 1 EDIT very fancy line editor similar to EX Unix 2 TED simple minded line editor 3 TTYPE typing training program written in BASIC 4 T
175. e overrun Of Buffers And Disks Screens 18 19 21 and 24 handle buffer and disk operations Before screen 21 can be loaded the LM FORTH words for disk operations must be loaded from utility screens supplied with the particular FORTH version As the capture buffer fills it checks the character count by performing a logical AND with 3FFh screen 19 A 00 result means a multiple of 1K This procedure is much faster than divi sion Every 1 000 bytes increments a counter which is displayed on the continued next page Screen 22 Sereen 25 0 Sends line n VARIABLE PASS VARIABLE ECHO 0 Read keyboard VARIABLE ESC True if ESC key pressed 1 AUTO n 40 Computes offset into block 1 2 DECIMAL 27 HEX LITERAL Screen of LOGON messages 2 KEY TERMINAL Is a character present at keyboard 3 BLOCK Address of screen in RAM add offset 3 IF KEY DUP If there is place on stack and DUP 4 BEGIN DUP addr C ASCII O WHILE Quit at 4 CASE Select proper disposition of the char 5 DUP addr C DATA OUT Send char 0 PASS 0 ECHO 5 1B OF Ese DROP ESC ON ENDOF Set esc flag 6 BEGIN STAT IN MASK BYTE AND True if echo received 6 01 OF A DROP CAPTURE TOGGLE ENDOF T IF RECEIVE 01 ECHO t Finish with current char T 17 OF W DROP MENU ENDOF List menu SCR 24 8 ELSE PASS 1 DUP PASS 1 200 test 8 11 OF Q DATA OUT TOG VID Q
176. e password security Full screen command line editing with previous command recall and execution Shells and Menu Generators with shell variables Command file search Paths dynamically alterable Screen oriented file manipulation and automatic archiving and backup 512 megabyte file sizes 8 gigabyte disks handled TCAP database handles characteristics of over 50 computers and terminals Tree structured online help and documentation subsystem Your missing link has been found ZI Now fly with eagles Fast response efficient resource utilization link to rest of computing world shop floor to executive suite micro to corporate mainframe Call 415 948 3820 for literature Echelon Ine 101 FirstStreet e suite 427 Los Altos CA 94022 415 948 3820 will install itself at runtime but only after checking the CP M version num ber with function 12 to make sure the patch is really needed Simple patch just have to find some free memory Looks like there s a bit at the begin ning of the file just after the copyright notice OK here goes A gt ddt rturbo cmd a80 0080 jmp BO 0082 aB0 OOBO mov c 0C 00B2 int E0 OOB4 cmp al 31 00B6 jb C1 00B8 cs mov byte 290 FD OOBE jmp 2700 00C1 cs mov byte 290 FF 00C7 jmp 2700 OOCA wturbo cmd was jmp 2700 You may wonder why I bother to put the FF byte in if it s already there Well you remember I said that pro grams written in Turbo use the same
177. e problem occurs because whenever the Turbo editor and any program compiled with Turbo is waiting for terminal input it s sitting actually not sitting but running around in circles in a hardcoded loop checking the console status over and over until it successful ly gets a character That was fine for normal CP M it was the only way possible matter of fact but now the CPU DOES have something better to do when I m just staring at the screen I knew that Turbo was getting input with the following routine INPUT MOV CL 6 MOV DL OFFh INT 224 JZ INPUT RET So I turned on good old DDT and sent it looking for all occurrences of MOV DL OFFh in TURBO CMD There it was sitting down in the runtime library all nicely modularized and done only once the editor and the application program use the same runtime library All I needed to do was change the OFFh check for key typed and return the key or 0 if no key ready to OFDh suspend process until key typed Simple A gt ddt rturbo cmd 3290 FF fd CD wturbo cmd C continued next page 39 86 WORLD continued from page 39 It worked I could run four copies of Turbo not with shared code though sorry to say and it was just as fast as a single copy Later I booted up standard CP M to do something and by chance ran Turbo BAM Where the heck did all those little triangles on the screen come from Guess I for got that standard CP M d
178. e the PC and XT Here s a circuit by circuit overview 6 This Winter s Amiga A software developer s first impressions of his Amiga 18 WordStar Function Key Reassignment Peek inside this venerable editor 21 Comdex The Tale Of One Large City Nothing dramatically new but many upgraded cheaper versions of the old 49 Automatic 8 Disk Drive Motor Control Give your drives a break with this simple project And Featuring 50 Pascal Runoff Winners Circle What did 103 people write in Turbo Pascal And who were the best 52 Rescuing Lost Text From Memory A disk error doesn t have to spell disaster especially when what you want still resides in memory 53 Drawing A Planter In 3 D The best Kaypro 84 graphics we ve seen this one could grow on you 63 Controlling A Kaypro amp A PC Cursor Want to know how to control your blinkin cursor 64 Turbo Pascal Inline Code From A PRN File No more hand assembly for CP M Turbo 3 a pe zZ Q oO 34 75 97 Future Tense Home Care For The Invalid Computer Part 2 We ve dealt with shake and bake so it s time for chips and dips Now we re down to looking at pins Designing A Communications Program For Data Access Not all the problems are obvious when you need to access a major data base This sample solution is written in FORTH Having Your Pascal And Modula Too Modula II is not another foreign language
179. e_copy if len gt 0 then begin if code_copy st len 1 relmarker then outpline outpline prefix copy code_copy st len 1 procstart else if code_copy st len 1 extrnmarker then procesg ext else outpline outpline prefix copy code_copy st len st st len end end end procedure process_code Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 I PROMPT DELIVERY SAME DAY SHIPPING USUALLY begin procedure process_line OUTSIDE OKLAHOMA NO SALES TAX V20 CPU 16 00 V30 CPU 17 50 8087 2 Math Coprocessors 140 00 DYNAMIC RAM First check for no assembler source or page header line If is valid line make local copy of source portion and expand tabs so output more readable Check for assembler tend statement if is processing of file is done Next check if is hex code present and if is call process_code to generate proper output Finally do some output formatting and copy assembler source to output as a Pascal comment IBM PC XT 64 46 src_copy 256K 64Kx4 150 ns 4 75 Z outpline z wo if Jength inpline gt an siart and source present a 256K 256Kx1 120 ns 3 25 K not inpline 1 L then listing header 3 Te begin ame 256K 256kx1 150ns 2 47 z rc_copy copy inpline asm_start srclen o 09 en pos i src_copy lt gt 0 do x e0 128K 128Kx1 150 ns 3 50 wus R 4 Qs O while i A d8 lt 00d lt ie por tiara sopr end 8 Odo ra
180. eal real converts decimal degrees to radians begin ToRadians lt decimaldegrees 180 p1 end function RadiansTo decimaldegrees real real converts radians to decimal degrees begin radiansto decimaldegrees 180 pi end function Tan x real real one of Turbo s missing trig functions begin _ Tan sin x cos x procedure radius computes the radius vector given v e and the semi major axis begin r a 1 e e 14 e cos v procedure true_Anomaly ecentric_anomaly real computes the true anomaly given the eccentrio anomaly begin vi22 arctan sqrt 1 e 1 e tan ecentric_anomaly 2 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 procedure compute_it procedure to solve Keplers equation E eSinE M where E eccentric anomaly M mean anomaly e eccentricity of orbit E is then used to compute vy the true anomaly which is then used to figure the radius vector r of the orbiting body var diff delta deltaE EM real begin EM M diff 1 repeat delta EM e sin EM M diff abs delta DeltaE delta 1t e cos EM EM EM DeltaE until diff lt 0 01 true_anomaly EM compute the true anomaly radius and the radius vector end compute_it procedure GetCoords this procedure is in effect a polar rectangular conversion routine another of Turbo s missing scientific functions It takes v and r angle and distance and computes Latitude and De
181. ebruary March 1986 75 COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM continued from page 75 or two However unless properly supervised nulls can mess up the way data is displayed Data Rates Characters arrive at up to 120 per second 1200 baud or one character every 8 3 ms This isn t usually a problem since most CPUs can read a character from an input port in a microsecond or two So it would ap pear there is plenty of time to read a character from the serial port check to see if it s a null store it display it scan the keyboard buffer and then get the next character from the serial port In assembly language the whole process might require 200 microse conds FORTH might take 10 times as long or 2 milliseconds Even so we still have plenty of time These estimates are reasonable for computers using a separate terminal But in some micros such as Apple or IBM PC the CPU may have to do CRT functions as well Figure 3 FORTH Screens The line feed is the most time consuming terminal function requir ing 9 or more milliseconds Figure 2 So the distracted processor may lose some characters unless the serial port can interrupt it If the software supports interrupts then an incoming character can inter rupt the terminal routine forcing the CPU to grab it and save it before finishing the terminal function Interrupt driven input thus allows a slow computer to dependably capture the character following for example a li
182. ed design but it s usually underutilized Passing data to and from the drive is simpler if you know which functions won t be needed as in a CP M BIOS application for example We used a relatively new and expensive National Semiconductor hybrid part for data separator Nation al didn t design the part for use with a 1010 but it works if it s told to ignore certain things in the data stream The 1010 handles those Finally we spent a lot of attention optimizing format interleave for each host computer Thanks Grant For more info Advanced Concepts 8926 SW 17th St Boca Raton FL 33433 305 482 7302 TP Note In CP M 2 x but not in CP M 3 0 Turbo Pascal will always change the user area to zero on exit The follow ing patch maintains the current user area Change instruction at 2A44 From LDA 43DB 3A DB 43 To JMP O 83 or 84 The Fogg Solution Since port 1EH doesn t exist on the 84 Kaypros you d think writing to it would have no effect Not so Rather odd graphic characters appear on the screen in most cases So the idea is to see if port 1EH is out there If it is you ve got an 83 non graphic Kaypro The solution using OriginalVal 2 which worked well on our assort ment of mongrels follows Future Tense Editor FUNCTION TypeKaypro Boolean tests for 83 84 Kaypro VAR OriginalVal NewVal NewVAlStored Integer BEGIN OriginalVAl Port
183. end 59 95 check or M O to Second City Software Box 267960 Chicago IL 60626 For immediate delivery COD or more information call 312 577 7680 Macintosh is a trademark licensed to Apple Computer Kaypro Column By Charles H Chandler Want a simple Kaypro mod Some thing non technical like a non glare screen This is a non glare screen but it s still pretty technical Sorry may be next time Weno hasn t complained about un wanted light falling on the computer or monitor screen and washing out contrast as in Figure 1 Mesh filters spray on liquid and green filters have all been offered as solutions but often cause reflections of their own Figure 1 Before a fs Seuble tpaced ae ss aes An Optical View My solution uses an optical principle that is not original with me nor even particularly new The principle is illus trated in Figure 2 Picture your eye at right looking toward a computer screen in dashed outline at left Next imagine a curved mirror or reflector solid line placed in front of the screen Finally suppose that the reflector s curve is such that all light rays coming to your eye must come from a point below and in front of the screen as shown in the figure If these conditions are met then the only thing you can see will be that point Make that point a black surface light trap and black is all you ll see This curve is an ellipse with your eye at one focus
184. ended single density 334K on eight inch disks USERS DISK 29 MODEM740 The latest incarnation of the immortal MODEM7 program Too many features to list Versions for both ports of BB I Xerox 820 amp BB II BOOKS MAGAZINES AND T SHIRTS FROM MICRO C ORDER YOUR MICRO C T SHIRT TODAY These two color tan shirts are the perfect software Sizes S M L and XL Only 6 95 ppd 8 50 all foreign Inside CP M By David Cortesi 27 95 US Can Mex 37 95 Other Foreign This is one of the best books on CP M for every one users and program mers It s our reference here at Micro C Your Fortune in the ce Microcomputer Business Nm By Victor Wild 26 45 US Can Mex 36 45 Other Foreign This is the best most complete collection of working for yourself in formation We ve found MICRO CORNUCOPIA MAGAZINE Subscription Rates ais gatt ANE Ww bye OS n 16 00 The Small C Handbook QyrsUS 30 00 By James Hendrix 3yrs US 42 00 17 95 US Can Mex 1 yr Can amp Mex 22 00 22 95 Other Foreign If you realy want to solve the mysteries of the 1 yr Other Foreign 30 00 Small C compiler or com Inside information on the latest pilers in general you ll processors and languages want this book MICRO CORNUCOPIA ORDER FORM DESCRIPTION NAME COMPANY SUBSCRIPTION 6 issues per yea
185. ent stock on hand and are sub ject to change so call SPC now and let s discuss your application Ask about our trade up policy and controller exchange program Call now Shelly or Bob ask for SYSTEMS PERIPHERALS CONSULTANTS 9747 Business Park Avenue San Diego CA 92131 619 693 8611 MULTICOPY Format copy and verify 96 tpi disks in under 4 minutes exact speed depends on type of drives and year of Kaypro Format copy and verify Kaypro double and single sided disks in approximately 1 minute and 2 minutes respectively Format copy and verify any soft sector single or double sided 51 4 disk format on your Kaypro at comparable speeds e g Osborne SSDD in under a minute Large library of formats supplied Use any combination of Drives A B C or D as source or destination drives Not currently available for the Kaypro 10 For further information on MULTICOPY and other Kaypro and CP M software please write or call Enclosed is 39 plus 3 shipping California residents add 6 sales tax Check or money order O A Plu Perfect Systems Number Signature 5 shipping charge for orders outside N America visa O MasterCard O CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc BOX 1494 IDYLLWILD CA 92349 714 659 4432 Help Save Se lect Print Menu Line Rectangle Circle Bloc k Move Fill Area Delete Dur AOA Or cy re p CTRL P mA Make that didn
186. enu or custom install e Includes manual FORMAT TEST PARK INSTALL and SWAP utilities Western Digital 1002 05 Hard Disk Controller Board e 514 profile with standard 5 1 4 power connection only 5 VDC required e Has WD2797 floppy controller and interface on board e Can control up to three hard drives and four 5 floppies e 40 pin host interface e ST506 compatible hard drive interface HDS TURN KEY HARD DISK SUBSYSTEM by Emerald Microware e External hard disk subsystem complete with all cables controllers hard drive and cabinets with power supply fully tested and burned in Host adaptor and full installation kit supplied with software on disk format of your choice e Internal hard disk subsystem for 84 series Kaypro computers complete with host controller cables 3 1 2 hard drive mounting hardware and fan e Available as 10 20 or 40 Meg single or multi drive systems e External units available with both hard disk and 5 14 quad density floppy drives installed 10 Meg Single drive Subsystem 795 00 20 Meg Single drive Subsystem Host board with software package WD1002 05 Hard disk controller board WD1002 05 controller with Host and software 20 Meg with dual 5 floppy subsystem XEROX BOARDS AND ACCESSORIES We stock a limited quantity of Xerox parts and accessories for the 820 computers Xerox 820 2 Main Computer Board Xerox 820 2 Floppy controller board Xerox 820 2 Main board with flo
187. eout e SEETIME can input the time or date into any program print the screen and display alarms e SEETIME is part of TIMEPRO APPT personal schedule manager TD file time date stamping amp backup LOG computer usage logging TIMEPRO runs on 84 amp later Kaypros with Kaypro Kenmore or Advent clocks SEETIME upgrade for TIMEPRO owners 14 95 Shipping and Handling 2 50 206 772 0291 Visa MasterCharge 12448 83rd Ave S Seattle WA 98178 Write Hand Man Almost a Sidekick for CP M Ted Silveira Computer Currents Aug 27 1985 WHM is ingenious and works as intended Jerry Pournelle BYTE Magazine Sept 1985 c McGraw Hill Now available for CP M 2 2 CP M 3 0 and ZRDOS The convenience of Sidekick on your CP M machine Trigger Write Hand Man with a single keystroke and a window pops open to run desk accessories Exit Write Hand Man and both the screen and program are restored Use with any CP M program and most any CP M machine Takes only 5K of memory FEATURES Notepad for quick notes File and Directory viewer Appointment calendar Quick access phonebook HEX calculator 14 digit decimal calculator BONUS Add applications written by you or others No other Sidekick lets you add applications Dump screens setup printers communicate with other computers display the date and time Let your imagination run wild 49 95 California residents add tax shipping included
188. er using Z80 PIO Compatible with Pro 8 and Plu Perfect or 5 Mhz speed up kits RAM disk memory not lost on cold boot or reset of Kaypro Printer buffer sizes 4K 32K 64K 10 Mhz microprocessor speed Printer buffer runs independently of RAM disk operation Micro Cornucopia Pro 8 Version 3 ROM includes RAM Disk Code Installation Kit for Kaypro 1 2 84 and 2X without clock or modem included at no charge if required Choice of drive A or E On 4 84 the standard installation disables either internal modem or real time clock unless you install the adapter board All installation materials included in listed price expect for Kaypro 10 Adapter Board NEW Kaypro 10 RAM Disk Adapter Board For Kaypro 10 without internal modem Adapter board will restore either internal clock or modem in Kaypro 4 84 or can add additional decoder parallel ports on all Kaypros Any RAM Disk listed below can be expanded to 1mb by adding memory chips Tested RAM Disk without RAM Chips 256 RAM Disk 512 RAM Disk 768 RAM Disk 1 MB RAM Disk Kaypro II to IV Upgrade includes 2 5Mhz to 5Mhz speedup two 390K disk drives double sided drives to replace the single sided drives price does not in clude shipping TLC LOGO Easy and exciting language for all ages TLC LOGO is an exceptionally complete logo with vectors multiple turtles full floating point decimals and extremely fast program execution Two Versions Offered Standard version using
189. erccenatbaridelinsncecduvasss cndestintaes 3 00 These computer boards have all the MONITOR W PROVISIONS FOR BRIGHTNESS POT ae 10 00 N 760 inheral deyi dth 820 1 CBIOS AND ROM SOURCE 5 OR 8 DISK 35 00 aa peripheral devices an 820 5x DUAL DRIVE DISK CABLE Ww POWER CONN 20 00 BUM tik QM AIEA I De a T d l 820 NINE PIN POWER CONNECTOR PLUGS INTO 820 4 00 the ROMs and the disk controller is 820 NINE PIN PC CONNECTOR SOLDERS ONTO 820 4 00 eno rr tics included 820 2 FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER SCHEMATIC 04 rey MOL INCluGed scnemalics Incruded CP M PRIMER XEROX CP M HANDBOOK e00002 vax 5 01 ROM set included on disk w XEROX WORDST AR HANDBOOK ccscccecccessscceceess 3 char generators all as heg files ASTEC POWER SUPPLY 35 00 820 1 COMPOSITE YIDEO ADAPTER These supplies are brand new 65 WATT off line Assembled and tested switchers They have four independent outputs Plugs into 820 s video connector 1 5 00 rated at 5V GA 12V 1 2A 12V 2 1A Produces high quality video i amp 12V 25A SIZE 7 7 W x 2 0 H x 4 2 D RCA phono jack output J B Ferguson Inc TERMS MasterCard YISA money order cer P O Box 300085 tified check UPS cash COD Allow 2 weeks 820 2 FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER This package consists of the 820 2 floppy PWA bare PC board the data separator ROM a full set of schematics and a parts list The PC board and the schem
190. es a module s interface to the outside world to other modules providing enough information for the compiler to check type consistency and for the programmer to use the module The implementation part contains the code that does the work For example you might define MODULE Buffer which puts and gets 104 numbers to and from a last in first out queue a LIFO or stack DEFINITION MODULE Buffer VAR notempty notfull BOOLEAN PROCEDURE put x CARDINAL PROCEDURE get VAR x CARDINAL END Buffer Then implement it IMPLEMENTATION MODULE Buffer CONST N 100 stack s maximum size VAR in out 0 N 1 n 0 N buf ARRAY 0 N 1 OF Cardinal PROCEDURE put x CARDINAL BEGIN IF n lt N THEN buf n x n n 1 notfull n lt N notempty TRUE END END put PROCEDURE get VAR x CARDINAL BEGIN IF n gt 0 THEN n 1 buf n notempty n gt 0 notfull TRUE END END get n X BEGIN n 0 notempty FALSE notfull TRUE END Buffer Separate Compiling The definition and implementation parts of the module are compiled separately So you can change code in the implementation without recompil ing the definition or any of the other modules which are already using it If you want to change the buffer in the above listing to a first in first out queue to be used as a keyboard buffer alter the implementation part and leave the definition part alone Since the definiti
191. evelops its buy and sell signals thru an analysis of one or more of the 12 overbought oversold oscillators The oscillators detect significant changes in price trend and signal potential buy and sell points For each security the user makes a series of retrospective trading runs with historic data Once the best trading method has been determined in this way the program uses real time prices to compute current buy sell actions Markets of all kinds rarely stand still Security and com modity prices are continually going up and down There are cycles measured in minutes hours days weeks months and years Price swings are magnified by ex cesses in investor emotions When rising for whatever reason the trend continues above a rational price due to investor greed when falling the trend continues below a rational price due to investor fear Cyclical price tops a and bottoms are jagged making it difficult to detect trend changes So moving averages are used to smooth the price fluctuations A ten day or ten week moving Emacic 3 modules 65 p Manual ppd 83 45 LITTLE M A G LC DEMO and TUTOR M A G C and LITTLE M A G 1 C Combo average means simply the average of the past 10 daily or weekly prices The value of this average changes or i moves by being recalculated each day or week M A G I C s time tested techniques permit its users to Calif residents please add 6 state tax s lt f Send check or M O U S Fund
192. existence See Figure 1 You create a library of subroutines by splitting a module into definition and implemen tation parts The definition is an over view of a module the implementation provides the details See Figure 2 The definition acts as an interface to the implementation This allows 1 The user to avoid looking at actual code 2 The compiler to check data types between modules 3 Changing a module without changing users of that module A module can be a program an instrument for hiding information and a library unit Low level Facilities Pascal and Modula approach low level facilities differently Although subject to implementation dependen cies the basic set of low level facilities is defined in the Modula language and is in a relatively standard form in all implementations Not true for Pas cal The best way to use these low level hooks and still maintain some degree of portability is to encapsulate system dependent features in a module Thus to move a program to a new system you rewrite one low level module If a low level module already exists for the new system you might just need to recompile Quasi concurrent Processing Co routines look like procedures that never end and are entered and exited with an explicit TRANSFER statement They re easily implemented using the type Process imported from the SYS TEM module Co routines stay alive when not being executed They can
193. f almost full 4 5 CAPTURE FLAG ON Toggle to false below 5 STORE CR FILE1 INPUT FILENAME CR Prompt user 6 THEN 6 FILE1 MAKE FILE T CAPTURE FLAG 1 01 AND DUP CAPTURE FLAG Toggle flag 1 80h BLOCKS 00 8 e n CHAR Characters in buffer 8 DO 9 IF Storing all dispayed characters 9 80 I CAPTURE BUFFER Current address in buffer 10 ELSE Ceased storing displayed characters 10 FILE BUFFER ADDR 80 CMOVE Move 80h bytes to disk buf a THEN CR Type Q to resume communications CR 11 FILE1 I WRITE RANDOM DROP Write Drop result status 12 LOOP 13 WIPE CAPTURE BUFFER CHAR 1A FILL Set all bytes to 1Ah 13 FILE1 CLOSE FILE DROP Drop result status 14 00 K COUNT 00 CHAR Zero the counters 14 an CHAR Characters written to file CR 15 CR Buffer emptied CR gt 15 WIPE gt 76 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 for a 40K text buffer in a computer having a 64K workspace Larger buff ers can be created in 8086 machines since the 64K version of LM FORTH allows manipulation of the code seg ment register and thus the use of whatever RAM is available The Communications Program Screens 16 20 25 and 26 Figure 3 make up a complete but minimal terminal program and will run if the references to other functions are elimi nated Screen 26 contains the main loop which first reads the keyboard and then the serial
194. f sessions on everything from shrink wraps to why DRI gave in to Apple I would guess that had we asked the consensus of that group would have been that this nonsense about the send me a donation crowd thinking they own the exclu sive right to the world by merely putting on a copyright notice is just that nonsense Here we have people who won t even spend their own money to com mercially distribute their software trying to impose all sorts of conditions upon users These are some of the same people who literally steal a pub lic domain program put a copyright notice on it after they change two lines of code and then get upset when we just laugh at them But don t get me wrong there s a lot of good software that comes out as shareware Tom Rettig s GENERATE contains some of the best dBASE routines around and I gladly sent him 15 to cover his costs But Tom not only gives you a compiled version of a screen editor and code generator he also gives you his code to incorporate into your own programs Tom Neff is providing a service with his list of worms I think however he 16 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 is way off base in thinking that we have no right to alter shareware News From PC BLUE Hank Kee has been quite busy grinding out new PC BLUE releases Next issue we ll spend a little more time with some of the new PC BLUE releases For the moment however I just want
195. few beers with the local working stiffs in a small bar just across the Bosphorus in Uskudar and sung along with American folk tunes played by a Turk in a small cafe in Ankara I haven t yet been to the shores of the Mediterranean or the Black Sea or climbed to the hilltop castles scattered all across the countryside There are too many things here for me ever to see all of them especially when I have to work Ah well I guess all I can do is give it my best try Geez fellas I m really sorry about the length again but I ve been finding out so much great stuff about CCP M that I just HAVE to tell someone and God knows there s nobody over here I could tell it to Anyway I really think that multitasking operating systems need to be covered Concurrent CP M A Multitasking Operating System I ve been studying CCP M and want to talk about it a bit In particular I ll show you how to execute a program from within another program using shared code different processes having separate data but sharing the same code in memory how to patch some programs to work better with CCP M and also give some tips on hand translating Z80 code to 8086 code Sorry all you hardware freaks but I ve hit a hardware lull of sorts until I find somebody who is selling a snappy little 80386 kit or at least get some info about the 386 unless that is you want to hear about all the high technology in IBM clones from Tai wa
196. ff Begin port 28 port 28 OR 64 End Lewis Sternberg 535 NW 15th Corvallis OR 97330 5809 Initializing K2000 Serial Port There are two methods we have used to initialize the serial port The first uses the mode statement to redi rect output from the default port Par allel or LPT1 to the serial port followed by another mode statement to set the parameters on the serial port MODE LPT1 COM1 MODE COM1 12 E 7 1 P GRAF 30 the complete BUSINESS and SCIENTIFIC printer graphics program display floating point data directly from spreadsheets data bases word processors and programming languages or the keyboard in a wide variety of bar pie line and scatter plots plot and group up to 6 different variables on a single graph distinguished by up to 14 different fill in patterns and 8 different point plotting symbols menu driven operation supports automatic graph scaling labeling and legend creation add up to 5 different density grid lines and choose from a wide variety of numerical labeling options OZoOorrres 2 Where 12 1200 Baud E Even Pari ty 7 bits char 1 Stop Bit P Infinite Retry on Busy Note This is only a sample you may want to select a different set of parameters to suit the requirements of your external device For more infor mation on options consult your MS DOS User s Manual The second method uses GW BA SIC Write a program similar to the sample in Figure
197. form Synthesizer Boar Bax Dros dos e Generates user definable signal e Up to 2000 points per envelop e 200ns maximum output rate per point 795 00 QUA TECH INC 478 E Exchange St Akron OH 44304 216 434 3154 KAYPRO EQUIPMENT 9 Amber Monitor 9 Green Monitor 12 Green Monitor 81 Series ROM s 7 00 Keyboard new Kaypro Keyboard Siemens w case Wiring Harness 7 50 KAYPRO MAINBOARDS K2 With Sockets i o ois ey Sy es K2 Populated Tested K2 with PRO8 3 Mod 239 00 This one runs at 2 4 amp 5 MHz up to 4 drives SS DS or Quad drives New ROM has screen dump and step speed select With manual amp software tested and guaranteed 30 days K2 PRO8 2 Mod EXCHANGE 149 00 We will update your K3 or K4 as above Mail working Main board We can install double or quad drives and check complete package K10 Populated Tested WD1002 5 Hard Disk Controller WD1002 5 Hard Disk Controller 200 00 Host Interface Board 5 00 CABINETS K10 or K2X 2 ee Bottom portion with front and back only CRT Bezel SUBSTITUTE CABINET This cabinet has a 12 green monitor on top that swivels left to right with a 3 position vertical movement The base is 16x18 x5 and contains a switching power Supply It has room for the main board two drives a modem a
198. g 4 Nechniques for integrating equipment page make up software archival storage devices and topics of interest to people who do their own electronic or paper publishing _ DESKTOPPUBLISHNG 24 The cover price is 5 but you can save 11 C USERSGUIDETOCPM 22 by ordering a subscription for 24 and paying USER with your order You ll get seven issues Bi Jae for the price of six And there s no risk you Name can cancel after the first issue for a full refund Address City We also publish User s Guide to CP M State Zip devoted entirely to CP M computer users and MC V PC USER a new magazine for users of Exp Acad PC compatible computers and MS DOS i software Each magazine is 22 for a six issue subscription Send payment now 2055 Woodside Rd 180 MCI Mail Tony Bove n i i ix Redwood City CA 94061 CompuServe 70105 722 and get seven issues for the price of six 415 364 0108 BBS 415 367 1029 The Well t c DESKTOP PUBLISHING for anyone who publishes Information using computers 68 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 ORBIT PROGRAM LISTING continued from page 67 val input scale code if code gt 0 or scale lt 1 then write G until code 0 and scale gt 1 gotoxy 45 25 write scale scale 4 dots A U help gotoxy 1 1 clreol this section calculates plots and stores the screen coords run jump here to calculate coords switch_cursor off info
199. g Up As if it isn t bad enough that the IBM PC brought forth a breed of software beggars and their demon shareware it also brought out a new class of creep who puts worm pro grams on BBS systems Tom Neff Compuserve 76556 2536 is trying to report on this type of software and suggests you watch out for the following programs DOSKNOWS EXE An apparent FAT killer not to be confused with the harmless DOSKNOWS system status utility The real DOSKNOWS EXE is 5376 bytes long If you see something called DOSKNOWS that isn t close to 200 Winston Drive Cliffside Park NJ 07010 that size sound the alarm EGABTR Description says some thing like improve your EGA dis play but when run it deletes every thing in sight and prints Arf Arf Got you FILER EXE Labeled Great new filing system wiped out a 20 Meg hard disk There may be a legit pro gram with the same name but be careful SECRET BAS This may pop up on a bulletin board with a note saying it doesn t seem to work and would someone please try it when you do it formats your disks STRIPES EXE This one draws an American flag but meanwhile it s busy copying the BBS password file to another file STRIPES BQS Tom s report also covers what he called hacked and pirated soft ware We just finished a three day seminar with about 200 lawyers dis cussing computer law It was an inter esting group o
200. gabytes SCSI PLUS multi master I O expansion bus Local Area Network STD Bus Adapter Priced from 895 00 10MB System Only 1645 00 Comprehensive Software included Enhanced CP M operating system with ZCPR3 Word processing spreadsheet relational database spelling checker and data encrypt decrypt T MAKER IlI Operator friendly shells Menu Friendly Read write and format dozens of floppy formats IBM PC DOS KAYPRO OSBORNE MORROW Menu based system customization DISTRIBUTORS ARGENTINA FACTORIAL S A 1 41 0018 TLX 22408 BELGIUM CENTRE ELECTRONIQUE LEMPEREUR 041 23 4541 TLX 42621 CANADA DYNACOMP COMPUTER SYSTEMS LTD 604 872 7737 ENGLAND QUANT SYSTEMS 01 253 8423 TLX 946240 REF 19003131 FRANCE EGAL 1 509 1800 TLX 620893 SPAIN XENIOS INFORMATICA 593 0822 TLX 50364 AUSTRALIA ASP ANIA COMPUTERS INCORPORATED MICROCOMPUTERS 613 500 0628 BRAZIL CNC DATA LEADER LTDA 41 269 2969 TLX 041 6364 DENMARK DANBIT 03 66 20 20 TLX 43558 FINLAND SYMMETRIC OY 0 585 322 TLX 121394 ISRAEL ALPHA TERMINALS LTD 3 49 16 95 TLX 341667 SWEDEN AB AKTA 08 54 20 20 TLX 13702 USA CONTACT AMPRO COMPUTERS INC TEL 415 962 0230 TELEX 4940302 IBMe IBM Corp Z80A Zilog Inc CP M Digital Research ZCPR3 amp ZRDOS Echelon inc Turbo DOS Software 2000 Inc T MAKER II T Maker Co 67 East Evelyn Ave e Mo
201. gh the original sheet of paper onto cardboard raw material with a scriber Then I con nected the points with pencil lines and cut the material with a smooth unser rated knife blade in a sabre saw The inner sides of the box contain ing the elliptical tracks came in two pieces fore and aft for each side They were three plies thick so the tracks were about 3 8 deep I estab lished the track width by separating these pieces with 1 32 cardboard shims and glued them inside the outer sides of the box to form the tracks Figure 6 shows the box in an early Figure 6 Non glare box stage of construction without the bot tom but with a piece of filter material temporarily in place Finishing touch es included spray painting the inside of the box flat black and the outside with aluminum paint I sanded the aluminum paint lightly to remove raised grain burnished it with the 48 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 back of the sandpaper and gave the outside a couple of coats of clear spray lacquer to keep aluminum flakes from getting loose Filter Material Here again we have two require ments 1 the color of the filter materi al must roughly match the color of the CRT phosphor i e green or amber and 2 the material must be of reason ably good optical quality that is clear and smooth I discovered two unlikely but very effective filter sheets One was the mater
202. ginning of word and length of word var wordend eos integer begin eos length str while str st in whitespace and st lt eos do st suce st len 0 wordend st while not str wordend in whitespace and wordend lt eos do begin wordend succ wordend len suce len end end procedure scan procedure get_proc_name var pn procname 72 Extract procedure name for included procedure from first assembly language comment line Assumes normal syntax for procedure header Skips keyword procedure function then returns a string representing the procedure name var st len integer begin st asm_start 1 scan st len inpline skip procedure function st st len scan st len inpline pn copy inpline st len end procedure get_proc_name function process_line boolean process one line of input const codelen 12 length of M80 hex code field srelen 99 max length of assembler source relmarker 1 extrnmarker var code_copy string 24 sre_copy string srelen lastword integer endpos integer Procedure process_ext Process external reference Make local copy of asm source then add delimiter to output line Strip comment from source If external ref in parentheses just copy its name to output If not in parens check for conditional JP or CALL by check for comma If comma copy name from comma to end of source lin
203. goes from high to low the address from the address lines AO A7 and A12 A19 gets stored latched into two 74LS373s A8 A11 are not multiplexed so they don t need to be latched They are simply buffered by a 74L5244 Simultaneously the Data Transmit Receive line DT R goes low setting the direction of the 74LS245 allowing the 8088 to read the data lines At the end of the first period the MEMR memory read line from the 8288 goes low in effect saying to memory The processor wants to read a byte Memory doesn t put any information onto the bus until it sees this signal In the middle of period 2 the DEN data enable line goes high making the 74LS245 s buffered output avail able on the data lines At the begin ning of period 4 the 8088 reads in the data See Figure 3 the clock dia gram Figure 3 Clock Diagram HT ape T 2p T 3 eT If memory or an I O device isn t ready or can t be interrupted then it pulls the READY line low and the 8088 simply marks time until READY goes high again For example if the 6845 video controller is accessing video memory when the 8088 wants to use it video memory the 6845 pulls the READY line low continued next page Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 9 PC MAIN LINES continued from page 9 Memory Write A memory write cycle is similar to a memory read or instruction fetch except MEMW memory write from
204. h now and haven t yet had any problems compiling or run ning even my biggest programs Programs compiled with Turbo are hogs too This can be changed from the Compiler Options menu I usually make the maximum 1000 para graphs for large programs and I put the minimum and maximum down to 100 for small utilities Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 Idea Processing Pure and Simple Announcing the all NEW OUT THINK outline processor See your ideas like you ve never seen them before Capture your fleeting ideas And keep em organized with OUT THINK the incredible new outline processor from KAMASOFT OUT THINK unleashes the power in your workhorse CP M computer and turns it into an Idea Processor Get extraordinary ease of use Most functions are less than 3 keystrokes away ease of learning Completely interactive no programming performance Write more and faster than you ever dreamed possible idea leverage OUT THINK your competition OUT THINK supports your thinking process and keeps you in touch with your ideas That s because OUT THINK works the way your mind works naturally Begin by brainstorming OUT THINK lets you jot down ideas quickly as you think of them If you want to elaborate you can add text with full screen editing Then develop your ideas using a familiar outline format Change the structure as easily as you change your mind M
205. h pro grams that come in handy at printing time If you have an Epson FX printer Paul Gans FXDRVR SIG M 225 al lows a second character set in Word Star The same volume also contains a scientific font for the MX 80 Your Epson or Okidata printer will produce two column text with DBL211 SIG M 193 Not satisfied with two columns Har old McIntosh has provided the public with the ENCOL library SIG M 206 With it you can do two three or four columns on a page CP M 80 or CP M 86 and even have the ability to print two sides of a page On the same disk you will find TY With it you can type any file even binary even squeezed Even squeezed in a library Professor McIntosh and his people at the Universidad Auton oma de Puebla in Puebla Mexico are probably the most productive educa tional assemblage in the world from the standpoint of contributing high quality software to the public domain They deserve our thanks again and again and again Printer setting pro grams are handy and there are plenty of them in the library SIG M 172 contains CP M 80 and 86 versions of printer setting programs for the Oki and the Epson The code is there so you can adjust them for any printer ANYCODE on 202 allows you to set codes too but this time from Word Star The new SIG M catalog through Volume 246 is finally printed and a few minutes of browsing will turn up many more helpful printing programs The Worms Keep Poppin
206. h the exception of the chaining that goes with multiple if then syntax This stratification leads to open uncrowd ed perhaps a bit gassy code The convention of giving BEGIN and END their own lines further decom presses the code yielding a definite clarity in the individual expressions and an attendant vagueness in the overall relationships between The subroutines tend to dribble themselves down the page in a manner that 1157 Ellison Dr Pensacola FL 32503 recalls BASIC at times C on the other hand works out ward from nested elements within the line it depends on a carefully defined order of operations to permit keeping fundamental routines together in sin gle visual cluster Reading C is like opening Chinese boxes one shell after another A good C routine is like a good English sen tence sinewy pointed economical and just a little surprising A fine turn of C like a fine turn of phrase often takes time to unfold itself fully to the reader The gain over Pascal is one of ele gance and efficiency The price paid is a decrease in the immediacy of the individual line Hemingway s sen tences are easier to follow than Henry James s but there s lots less going on in them To observe these trade offs in action consider a routine that gets a single character from a file and lists it on the screen if the character is printable and substitutes a dot if it s not In Pa
207. hanks Issue 27 If you thought that issue 27 was too pretty too prim and proper relax We won t let it happen again The printer accidentally used the wrong paper an extra 1800 worth The magazines also weighed 1 1 2 ounces more than before which cost us almost 2 000 in additional postage Fortunately the printer ate the paper no mean feat and also reimbursed us for the additional postage By the way we have over 10 000 paid subscribers and sold about 1 500 copies of 27 on newsstands Amiga Report We get a lot of calls at the office asking how we like the Commodore Amiga Fine we think but we re not sure it s real But they re advertising it on TV beautiful full color shots of an impressive looking figure walking towards an altar On the altar is an Amiga I mean who could ask for a better guarantee than that Anyway if it s on television then it must be real Right Well they re selling all right but I m still not sure what they re really selling The Missing Company Commodore had reserved and I understand paid for a booth at Comdex However they weren t there In fact there were many no shows at Comdex but that s another story Commodore reportedly spread the rumor that they weren t there because they didn t want any more dealers That of course doesn t wash There can t be too much software available for the Amiga and Comdex is an excellent place to meet software wri
208. he creation of vsprites or virtual sprites which are sprite composites for chip con trolled animation The Amiga has four channel stereo sound with right left jacks connecting directly to your stereo amplifier The music demo is amazing and with the MIDI interface we should see a lot of musical applications making tunes soon Additionally a built in speech synthesizer can be fully configured and controlled from something as sim ple as BASIC But ABasiC Amiga BASIC isn t simple It s a rich full interpretive BASIC implementation with graphics and sound commands and machine lan guage and operating system calls Why fiddle around with BASIC though when you can write in nice clean 68000 assembly language right Right if you can get the 450 development package which contains I hear a macro assembler linker Lattice C IBM PC cross development tools and seven manuals Editor s note Hold the presses Late word is that very soon Amigas will be shipped with MicroSoft BASIC shudders in the crowd but not just any MicroSoft BASIC slight looks of relief This MicroSoft BASIC do you have it memorized yet is supposed to have all the graphics support sound support plus full screen editor and won t require line numbers whew I haven t seen it yet Real Work We won t be working in BASIC we re assembly language hackers at heart and we ll be writing assembly language libraries and
209. he program logic on his more than 25 years of experience with moving average trading signals In his words It would be difficult to find a more productive use for your computer than using it to improve your per sonal finances Paper trading with computer assisted signals before you invest hard earned money is the ra tional way for inexperienced investors to gain con fidence and for experienced investors to attain even greater skills Put your computer to work M A G I C will compute the buy sell signals and then tally the profits Full details follow WHAT M A G I CT M DOES If you are a successful investor or aim to become one M A G I C will sharpen and enhance your skills If you are a beginner or want to start now M A G I C teaches you to trade profitably before risking your capital M A G I C is a universal moving average trading system development tool not a trading system it is a means to an end the end you decide is best for you not an end in itself M A G I C software does its work thru three modules each doing its specialized job in proper order 1 DMAGIC processes price data available on disk or entered via the keyboard and puts it into a form usable by MAGIC Stock split and mutual fund dividend data are entered so that corrected prices can be used in all computations 2 MAGIC computes the moving averages and oscilla tors and produces extensive 132 column printouts for groups of up to 15 securities co
210. high to indicate a character has been received Setting The Baud After initializing the SIO for the Read Register 1 desired bit width frame mode and Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 parity you need to set the baud rate Name x Frame Err Rx Overrun Err Parity Err x x x Baud rate is determined by the 8116 baud rate generator This chip has a where Err is high if that type of error occurred write only register for baud e g you cannot check the current baud rate by Figure 2 reading the register which is located at I O port address 00 for communica tions and 0CH 12 decimal for the Get read status 00 if not ready FF if char is ready PRINTER The value written to the RXSTAT DI since we are playing with SIO registers port depends on the baud rate as XOR A force SIO to read write register 0 shown below OUT 6 A done via control port IN A 6 j get read register 0 PUSH AF 3 save read status Baud Rate Values for COM 8116 LD A 10H j reset ext status interrupts OUT 6 A via write register 0 Baud Rate bps Value hex EI srestore interrupts 50 00 POP AF srestore read status 15 01 gt EPEE scould have error checking here CTS DCD 110 02 RRCA sput Rx avail into carry flag 134 5 03 LD A 0O sclear out A register w o destroying carry 150 oy SBC A A gives us 0 for no char FF if char ready 300 05 RET exit with result 600 06 1200 07 H Get character into A register from input 1800 08 j 2000 09 CALL RCVSTAT sloop un
211. hotels realize how much we computer types have in common with gamblers I noticed the people who were gam bling displayed much the same intens ity that I feel when I m writing or programming I can sit down at the computer after supper and in almost no time at all it s morning One of the attendees mentioned that the casinos have no windows because they don t want the gamblers to have reference to day or night If they don t know it s morning then they won t know they ve already been up all night Watch out for software houses that have windowless work areas No CP M 80 Comdex was more interesting this year There weren t any announce ments of new CP M software but that guarantees there won t be any fewer announcements next year So practically everything was PC DOS and the theme this year seemed to be more of the same Fortunate ly the same was faster more pow erful cheaper and there were even some new bells and whistles Text Editors Those with text editors were adding features spelling thesaurus math cal culations graphics support for new printers including the lasers and even translation of abbreviations wld drv me nts PC Write the shareware folks were there selling their latest version at 10 per disk you can register for an additional 75 With registration you get certificates for two updates sup port and a printed manual Bob Wal lace has new versions
212. htly too fast you can usually reduce the frequency by putting a small varia ble capacitor 3 30pF across the video crystal in parallel with the leads and then adjusting the capacitor until there is no wiggle If the frequency is too low then the same capacitor in series with the crystal might help Disk Sale Dysan PORATION TYPE BOX OF 10 5 SS DD 48 TPI 19 50 5 DS DD 48 TPI 25 50 5 SS DD 96 TPI 29 50 5 DS DD 96 TPI 37 50 6 DS DD IBM AT 52 95 8 SS SD 48 TPI 23 95 8 SS DD 48 TPI 25 50 8 DS DD 48 TPI 29 95 3 5 SS DS 32 95 Available Soft or Hard Sector For Plastic Case Add 1 25 Box Plus Tax amp Shipping Cash Visa Mastercard COD Integral Systems Corp 2900 H Longmire Drive College Station TX 77840 409 764 8017 1 for 99 ea 2 for 90 ea 100 for 75 ea FORTRAN GRAPHICS MicroGlyph SciPlot graphics library provides FORTRAN routines for scientific and engineering applications Presentation quality high resolution graphics with 240 by 216 dots inch Software generated text fonts data centered symbols uniform or proportional spacing string plotting with rotation and size scal ing capability 14 sets Linear or Log scaled axes e Vector graphics point to point plotting with user selectable origin and data scaling Signat voitte Muitiple plot frame processing 1 0 5 4 3 2 1 0 123 45 Time ms SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS TERMS 59 95 plus IBM PC
213. ial in a transparent plastic report binder Ful Vu E Z SLIDE available in stationery stores Figure 2 Screen A 1 W Light Shade Figure 3 Screen Figure 5 and the other was a material intended for making overhead projector trans parencies with a tinted background The binder material s color was rath er on the blue side but it worked well in severe cases it was used in Figure 4 The transparency material was a perfect color match for my green screen For computers with color displays of course a color filter is out but a neutral density gray material will be helpful Whatever material you use one thickness must be enough Using two layers will add back and forth reflections between them It is a good idea to wipe the filter sheet with anti Light Trap Flat Black Surface Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 static treatment before final installa tion Concluding Notes A word is in order about attaching the light shield and filter holder My computer is a Kaypro II with a 9 screen If the front of your monitor is smooth and featureless you may have to use something like double sided sticky foam tape for attachment in which case ultra lightweight construc tion is essential Some support from the bottom will help in situations like this With larger monitors the box might get a bit bulky and cumbersome How ever if you can arrange the setup so your eye is sl
214. icated method Fortunately it requires very little equipment unfortunately it re quires some real understanding of the system I remember the first time I saw a schematic for a digital device I was dumbfounded There were no resis tors capacitors or transistors For all I could tell the strange shapes on the paper didn t even receive 5V Truly low power devices That was eight years ago a time when you didn t get involved with a microcomputer if you couldn t read a schematic at least not until the Apple II and TRS 80 showed up Apple and Radio Shack made their marks by providing systems that you could use without any inside informa tion Of course if the system you got didn t work very well you wound up on a first name basis with service support Now of course everything runs right out of the box or in the box or with no box at all How does this relate to servicing It s hard to fix something you don t understand and what we ve gained in instant use we ve lost in knowledge of the system When you build some thing or modify it you gain a lot more than manual dexterity Computer dealers are in the same boat as the rest of us They no longer put together systems They unpack them put them on tables and then look for the on off switches One person I know went into a computer store sat down at their AT amp T Unix demo and changed the password Last I heard they still hadn t figured out ho
215. id Thompson Editor amp Publisher 90 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 Byte Magazine called it THE CULTURE CIARCIA S SUPER SYSTEM JEZO Of Magazines And Modems By Julianna Snow Berliner Ring 6 11 8047 Graz Austria He gets a lot of mail nowadays Byte Profiles Micro Cornucopia Personal The BI80 Computing and newsletters from organizations with unpronounceable abbrevia tions like NWKUG and IBMPC Computer Controller I wouldn t complain except that he reads it during supper I cut up the Featured on the cover of Byte Sept 1985 children s meat to the sound of tearing envelopes Pages turn and forks clink in the SB180 lets CP M users upgrade to a counterpoint The steam rising from his mashed potatoes crinkles the last sheet of yh fast 4 x 712 single board system a newsletter The kids and I discuss that day s events at school in hushed tones Who knows 6MHz 64180 CPU when their father might have an important bit of computer information to share 280 instruction superset 256K RAM AC MOO ROMA A devccted dak with us Suddenly he laughs out lond Why are the writers of computer format read write magazines so funny Sometimes I can t help but picture them with green no Mini Micro Floppy Controller 1 4 drives Single Double Density glare moror shaped glasses k i f 1 2 sided 40 77 80 track 3 5 Listen to this he chuckles What a tu
216. if Drive drive selected DisplayHelp end if StartSelected then begin write crlf Select RESCUE TXT end address gt readnum LocEnd goodnum if not goodnum then begin writeln crif g Input error bad number 22 DisplayHelp end else if MemoryMarked then begin WriteFile if not done then DisplayHelp end note DONE set to true by WriteFile if write good else begin write orlf G error end address too small START ADDRESS LocSt 1 0 END ADDRESS LocEnd 1 0 DisplayHelp end end else begin writeln G orlf Start address has not been selected DisplayHelp end begin writeln DisplayHelp end 60 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 tQ begin writeln G crlf Abort rescue operation lt N gt readchar response if response lt gt Y then begin writeln G crlf Continue RESCUE DisplayHelp end else begin writeiln G crlf Abort at user request done true end end 1S begin write crlf Select RESCUE TXT starting address gt readnum LocSt goodnunm if goodnum then begin StartSelected true command At end if goodnum else begin writeln crlf g Input error bad number DisplayHelp end end Wt if MemoryMarked then begin WriteFile if not done then DisplayHelp end note DONE set to true by WriteFile if write good else begin writeln
217. if CHAR is a multiple of 1K 3 02 CONSTANT MASK BYTE n 3 IF K COUNT DUP TOG VID TOG VID Display K COUNT 4 DATA OUT DATA PORT PC PC use P for 280 LM FORTH 4 1 K COUNT Increment K COUNT 5 DATA IN DATA PORT PCE P for Z80 LM FORTH 5 THEN 6 STAT IN STATUS PORT PC s v 6 7 TOG VID ASCII EMIT Using to demarcate message 7 CHAR CHAR 1 Only one space left in CAPTURE BUFFER 8 Reverse video may be used eg 14 EMIT for Vector Graphic 8 IF 9 STOP REMOTE COMPUTER 13 DATA OUT CR 9 CAPTURE TOGGLE To off see preceeding screen 10 Incoming data has been stopped with a S CR 10 Or type W to see buffer operation menu CR 11 6000 CONSTANT CHAR Size of capture buffer 11 ELSE CAPTURE BUFFER is not full 12 CREATE CAPTURE BUFFER CHAR ALLOT 12 CAPTURE BUFFER CHAR C Store character 13 VARIABLE CHAR Current offset within CAPTURE BUFFER 13 1 CHAR 1 Increment CHAR 14 VARIABLE CAPTURE FLAG True if capturing data 14 THEN gt 15 VARIABLE K COUNT Kilobytes of CAPTURE BUFFER filled gt 15 Screen 17 Screen 20 O USART set up Usually can be done by operating system gt RECEIVE 1 STAT OUT STATUS PORT PC STAT IN MASK BYTE AND True if character waiting at port 2 SET CLOCK 76 13 PC 68 11 PC 00 11 PC 0068 1200 BAUD IF DATA IN If true read character from port 3 CLEAR USART 00 STAT OUT 00 STAT OUT
218. ightly above the center of the screen the resulting ellipse will be tilted upward and back and will not extend as far in front of the screen You may have to try several layouts on paper in order to achieve the best compromise It may be helpful to duplicate your ellipse on a separate piece of tracing paper place it over your layout and experiment Finally the surprise Before you do anything else cut a light shield out of black paper cardboard whatever is handy Hold it or tape it in front of your screen You may find that it shades the screen so well you don t need the filter material at all In that case just build the box and bless your luck EDITOR S UPDATE No Garbage On 84 Video Michael Stocker called recently to say that he had finally rid his screen of occasional garbage characters even when using the Pro 884 Max in fast video mode He simply replaced the 6116 static RAM chips in the video section with faster 150ns parts He said he had gotten his new 6116s from Microprocessors Unlimited for 1 00 each the video section holds two The chips are located at U15 and U23 on the 84 Kaypro 1 2 and 4 See the back cover of this issue for the address of Microprocessors Unlimited 49 Pascal Runoff The Winners Circle Well this is the big issue for all those of you who are wearing Pascal Runoff T shirts So cross your fingers and read on One hundred and three of you entered your programmi
219. in if top gt center then imageSize 50 top Co else length of bottom edge of side of planter saa imageSize 50 center with board do Sos i bottomWidth distanceBetweenPoints figurel3 figurel4 een end function centerLineLength board boardImage real var midTop midBottom point begin length along centerline of board with board do begin midPoint midTop figure 1 figurel 2 midPoint midBottom figure 3 figure 4 end centerLineLength distanceBetweenPoints midTop midBottom end function centerLineToEdgeAngle board boardImage real begin if bottom gt center then imageSize 50 bottom else imageSize 50 center end set up the board setPoint figure 1 top 2 center 2 0 setPoint figure 2 top 2 center 2 0 setPoint figure 3 bottom 2 center 2 0 setPoint figure 4 bottom 2 center 2 0 gotoxy 48 15 write flat view of board write L char 73 char 142 char 132 char 142 drawSide figure 0 screenOrigin imageSize change it to end of board S taper of the edge of the side SEa ki fo screend oy ae igin y 80 centerLineToEdgeAngle 57 2958 Pa 0 abs arctan topWidth board bottomWidth board 2 figure 2 y 0 centerLineLength board end set up edge angle function edgeAngle board boardImage real pointOnCircle figure 3 var
220. in common is the 6845 CRT controller Paul s Pascal Runoff entry wasn t a finalist but it does peek inside the 6845 and solve the very practical problem of controlling your cursor Turbo Pascal and the 6845 CRT controller make it easy to control the Kaypro s and in a limited way the PC s cursor Here s how you do it Inside The 6845 CRT Controller The 6845 has 19 internal registers Zero through 3 establish the horizontal format and timing parameters Four through 9 determine vertical format and timing characteristics Ten through 17 handle the cursor attrib utes screen memory addressing and the light pen interface We ll use 10 and 11 to control the cursor Register 10 is the cursor start reg ister Register 11 is the cursor stop register Bits 5 and 6 of the cursor start register determine whether the cursor will blink or not Bits 0 through 3 in register 10 determine the scan line starting point Bits 0 through 3 in register 11 determine the scan line ending point 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 M No 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 o lt et No 00 No Blinking 01 No Cursor 10 Blink 1 16 field rete 11 Blink 1 32 field rate Figure 1 SETCURSOR Program for the Kaypro 84 program setcursor Input Output const Select Data Start Stop Top Bottom 28 Select port for 6845 29 Data port for 6845 10 Register 10 of 6845 11 Register 11 of 6845 0 Top of block cursor Bblink Brate Bit t
221. including hierarchical directories with overlay adds pathname capability to existing software interactive debugger move copy link multiple files print files with pagination review disk files for deletion unerase disk with stats full screen TYPE and more Source code included Does not require Programming System NEW YEAR SPECIALS SAVE 30 TO 100 OFF e ConIX O S or Programming System 49 95 each e ConIX O S and Programming System 79 95 for both e ConIX Menu System FREE with ConlxX e ConlX Library 34 95 with any ConlX product e SUPER SAVINGS WHEN YOU BUY EM ALL ConIX O S Programming System Menu System Library Only 99 95 Now that we ve knocked the bottom out of our prices you should have no reason to suffer along with plain old CP M or incompatible half baked add ons any more Get started with ConlX for 49 95 or steal us blind and get everything for only 99 95 Either way you get the Menu System absolutely FREE Get on the bandwagon with a company that s committed to you with the ongoing development of products for CP M and ConlX Prices include manual 8 disk and end user support 5 disk conversions 48TPI 6 other 10 Shipping 4 50 UPS 10 Canada 15 overseas NY residents add sales tax Discount incentives for Dealers OEMs User Groups CALL Computer Helper Industries Inc e P O Box 680 e Parkchester Station NY 10462 800 628 2828 X513 24hr order hotline COD only e 212 652 178
222. ing s END END Command END Screenl0o VISIBLE A C D VISIBLE A B VISIBLE A C D E VISIBLE A D E 97 PASCAL AND MODULA TOO continued from page 97 IOTRANSFER goes in the interrupt handler and specifies which interrupt vector will cause an unscheduled transfer back to the interrupt han dler So when an interrupt occurs the handler gets control processes the interrupt and then executes IO TRANSFER which returns control to the suspended program Modula 2 also provides a mechanism for assigning module priorities Lower modules of course can t interrupt higher modules Absolute Variables Absolute variable declaration is nice for machine specific code For exam ple you can declare the variable screen at the address of a memory map screen buffer by placing the ad dress in square brackets after the name in the variable declaration This allows you to place any type of variable in any memory location Figure 3 Interrupt Handling MODULE InterruptDemo CONST Unlike Pascal Modula 2 allows procedures to be passed as parameters to other proce dures You can t do that in Turbo Pascal although you can in standard Pascal The difference in this case between Modula and Pascal is that Modula allows procedures to be declared as variable types and variables to be declared as a procedure types Type Transfer Functions As in C and Turbo Pascal Modula
223. iple processes to share a common code segment only if they re running the same program of course For instance this means if you have four users running the same 60K accounting program you can save 180K of memory for other uses or possibly shoehorn everything into a smaller machine It is extremely easy to implement shared code in an operating system running on the 86 family Since code and data segments are specified by separate registers all you need to do is set the same code address in the process descriptors for all the sharing processes while allocating different data segments for each And everyone keeps complaining about a segmented architecture I d like to see shared code implemented as easily on a base level 68000 system one without external MMU units The 68K s PC relative addressing is OK for making code relocatable but it just doesn t cut it when you want to share code segments between process es since the position of data relative to code is fixed After I read the section of the man ual on shared code I decided I would try it I set the shared attribute of a little database program I wrote in Turbo and called it up on two screens at the same time then did a sys tat m on a third console to look at memory allocations Surprise sur prise It showed four allocations for FILE the program in question and two of them were at the same address I saved 40K of memory in a
224. it s practically native tongue for Pascal fanatics Columns 14 S 100 Bus S 100 memory discussion 16 In The Public Domain Steve Leon s warning of impending disaster be careful what you run 25 C ing Clearly Writing readable code in C 30 Xerox 820 Column How to talk to a Z80 SIO 37 86 World Potluck from Laine concurrent CP M speeding up Turbo Pascal Turkey 48 Kaypro Column A scientist looks at screen reflections And sees more than himself 70 Pascal Procedures Easy way to add inline object code 84 On Your Own Which programs make good shareware which don t 91 Culture Corner Table talk By Gary Entsminger 94 104 Tidbits Amiga cube rooters root for their favorite cube root Z80 hard disk drive The Last Page Modula s miraculous modules Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 Suggestions For Micro C Micro Cornucopia has broadened its focus this year and I think that is good The question is how much is good and when do you start to lose enough depth to carry on You have to be careful to remain distinctive not just for the purpose of being distinctive but to provide something special something people will seek out I m not sure I can say what that is but I have some suggestions I appreciate your efforts on hard ware but I don t think most construc tion is economically viable First you have to find the parts build the project and then debug it and end
225. it with ROM set X120 Bare board with ROM set X120 Bare board only ROM set only Hard to find parts set trimmers caps resistors WD2793 controller chip Other packages available Can t find CP M for your Xerox Now you don t need it QP M by MICROCode Consulting At last an inexpensive replacement for CP M and you don t need CP M to get started Get full CP M compatibility with many new options Stamp your file with the time and date transparent to your operation automati cally re log your disks no more control C change your default drive search from the keyboard use up to 31 USER areas select your disk drives or user areas with semicolon or colon maintains ARCHIVING bit for efficient backups great for hard drives and much much more Runs in native Z80 code in the same space as CP M 2 2 Has menu oriented install for use on ANY Z80 based system Available as a bootable disk with BIOS for the Xerox 820 1 820 2 820 XPRO 820 PLUS2 or Kaypro QPI M bootable for the Xerox 820 1 820 2 or Kaypro QP M bootable for the Xerox 820 1 using XPRO or PLUS2 65 00 QP M without BIOS not bootable Tired of carrying your computer back and forth Why not just the diskette UNIFORM by Micro Solutions The solution to the diskette incompatibility problem This program allows files to be transferred back and forth between close to a hundred com puter formats including between CP M and MSDOS Lists computers by name
226. ith no extension add default extension INC Check for existence of input file if does not exist abort Open both input and output files Returns TRUE if everything OK else returns FALSE var m80_name include_name string 16 begin writeln write M80 listing file name readln m80_name if length m80_name 0 then begin open files false exit end if pos t m80_name 0 then m60_name m80_name prn writeln write Pascal output name readin include_name if length include_name 0 then include_name copy m80_name 1 pos m80_name 1 inc i disable runtime I O errors while check for input assign m80_lst m80_name reset m80_lst i re enable runtime I 0 check if foresult lt gt 0 then reset of file OK begin writeln g No input filel open_files false exit end assign pas_include include_name rewrite pas_include open_files true end function open_files procedure process_files const hex set of char 0 9 t tA F whitespace set of char I prefix stringl3 type procname string 20 var procstart procname inpline string maxinp outpline string 127 chptr integer inheader done boolean procedure scan var st len integer str anystr Sean str for next word starting at position st Skip leading whitespace then count chars til next whitespace Returns pointer to be
227. its 5 and 6 has no effect You can make a non blinking cursor by turning the cursor off and writing a graphic cursor but that s another story We can however alter the cursor shape by changing the scan line values in registers 10 and 11 as we did on the Kaypro First we need to obtain the port addresses for the PC You can sleuth it out of the BIOS if you re diligent It makes a difference whether you re using a color or monochrome card 0304H is the address of the color card 0B4H is the address of the monoch rome card The PC uses 8 scan lines to define characters the Kaypro 84 uses 16 with no space between scan lines So in our program we need to redefine several constants to reflect PC data Select Data Top and Bottom Select 980 Select port Data 981 Data port Start 10 Register 10 Stop 11 Register 11 Top 0 Top of cursor Bottom 7 Bottom of cursor You won t be able to stop the PC s blinkin cursor this way but you can have a block semi block or underline thanks to Turbo See Figure 1 for the entire SETCURSOR program until response in Y N writeln response blink begin startval response Y if blink then t startval Bblink write Cursor blink speed fast or slow f s repeat read Kbd response response Upcase response until response in F S writeln response if res
228. ives within CP M at any drive letter Diagnostic and format capability provided to match the installation Distributed in SOURCE form We have club user group OEM Dealer programs Call for quantity schedule If for any reason you are not satisfied return for full refund Special drives warranteed for 30 days Info and manual 8 00 credited with system purchase Specials subject to availability ORDER INFO Call 305 482 7302 terms UPS cash COD check or M O Please allow 4 weeks for delivery Fla add 5 tax Shipping extra Please specify desired floppy format OC Advanced Concepts Engineering amp Consulting 8926 S W 17 St Boca Raton FL 33433 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 lishing All you need is a computer a page makeup package some way to create graphics and a printer and you can put together very adequate newsletters certainly much better than the standard letter quality According to the experts we will need to reach 500 dots per inch charac ters before the laser outputs will be indistinguishable from the outputs of standard typesetters Digital typeset ters run between 1000 and 1500 dots per inch but the printing process doesn t reproduce more than about 500 dots per inch One of the problems with the higher resolutions is that the amount of data is the square of the resolution so doubling the dots per inch quadruples the memory requirements at least within the laser printer
229. l 1 String assignment and comparison 2 Pascal like IO 3 Ada like exception handlers Why Not Just Use Turbo Pascal A lot of people have asked me what they would gain by switching to Mod ula 2 Good question For starters Modula 2 is better suit ed for large programs And it provides better support for libraries of routines On the other hand Pascal Turbo in particular is ideal for testing ideas which can then be easily included in a Modula library Editor s note Borland hasn t yet released Turbo Modula 2 in other than Beta test form but other Modula 2 compilers are available for CP M and MS DOS IBMPC MSDOS CPM SOFTWARE MBACOUNT 89 00 Small business double entry accounting Up to 40 asset 40 liabilities 40 income 80 expense amp 20 capital accounts user assignable Prints checks P amp L balance sheet chart of accounts single account details check ledger etc Generates a printable detail journal for audit trail A R A P PAYROLL INVENTORY These programs are available as either stand alone software or MBACOUNT integrated modules Stand alone 79 00 ea integrated 50 00 ea PROFBILL 149 00 Time keeping and billing for all professional people who bill at various hourly rates Handles 400 clients 10 partners employees Prints billings statements aged billings partner employee hours etc May be used stand alone or integrated with MBACOUNT SBACOUNT 79 00 Small business single entry system
230. l theight 0 0 999 9 end end procedure setLargestDimension var workPlanter description begin store largest dimension in the planter description with workPlanter do begin if topDiameter gt bottomDiameter then largestDimension topDiameter else largestDimension bottomDiameter if height gt largestDimension then largestDimension height end end label redo begin acceptDimensions writeln enter 0 sides to exit redo acceptNumberOfSides planter with planter do begin if numberOfSides in 3 40 then begin number of sides is acceptable acceptOtherDimensions planter if topDiameter 0 and bottomDiameter 0 or height 0 and topDiameter bottomDiameter then begin writeln error in planter dimensions t goto redo end setLargestDimension planter end else begin number of sides not acceptable zero everything topDiameter 0 bottomDiameter 0 height 0 largestDimension 0 end end end function rotateX oldx oldy angletorotate real real calculations for rotating x coordinate of oldx oldy pair thru angletorotate measured in radians begin rotateX oldx cos angletorotate oldy sin angletorotate end function rotateY oldx oldy angletorotate real real calculations for rotating y coordinate of oldx oldy pair thru angletorotate measured in radians begin rotateY oldy c
231. l 2nd class This is supposed to mean that it ll take a week for you East Coasters to receive your magazines rather than 3 or 4 weeks It also means that our postage rates drop a bit I wonder if life would be cheaper if I became a second class citizen Anyway thanks USPS I take back half of those unprintable things I thought about you C Books After years of almost no C books at all now it seems that the C section of the book store where else has more selection than the Apple box I don t know if the plethora is a result of C s popularity its difficulty or simply that publishers don t have anything better to do Anyway after purchasing nearly 100 worth of books I ve found a real gem It s called C Primer Plus By Waite Prata Martin Published by Howard W Sams ISBN 0 672 22090 3 21 95 531 pages If you want to move swiftly into the heavy duty stuff this may not be your book If you want to gently and painlessly ease your way in with a book that s just as comfortable on the nightstand it s fun to read as next to the computer then this is for you Kudos for the group The April issue will be a sort of C spectacular it s not cast in C ment yet but it looks pretty C cure We ve got something exciting to announce so dust off Kernighan and Ritchie or prop open a copy of C Primer Plus and you ll be ready when we get there Finally Enjoy Yourself If you don t who will Dav
232. lation More 4MHz Mods Modems Lync and SIOs Undoing CP M ERASE Keyboard Encoder 20 pages ISSUE NO 5 4 82 Word Processing Two Great Spells Two Text Editors Double Density Review Scribble A Formatter 20 pages ISSUE NO 6 6 82 BBI EPROM Programmer Customize Your Chars Double Density Update Self Loading ROM Terminal In FORTH 24 pages ISSUE NO 7 8 82 6 Reviews Of C Adding 6K of RAM Viewing 50 Hz On Your Own Begins 24 pages If possible please indicate alternate issue in case we are out of your choice ISSUE NO 8 10 82 Drive Maintenance Interfacing Drives Installing A New BIOS Flippy Floppies C ing Clearly Begins Xerox 820 Begins 28 pages ISSUE NO 9 12 82 BBII EPROM Program Relocating Your CP M Serial Print Driver Big Board I Fixes Bringing Up WordStar Cheap RAM Disk 32 pages ISSUE NO 10 2 83 Saving A aoa isk Hooking Win BII The Disk Q tor JRT Fix Seri ooard Interface P O crocedures Begins 30 gt ages ISSUE NO 11 4 83 BBI Expansion BBII Details Dyna RANO 3k Review Easier BY se Video Cursor Planny Lic Review Ka Column Begins 36 Duges ISSUE NO 12 6 83 256K For BBI Bringing Up BBII dBASE II Look At WordStar Double Sided Drives For BBI Packet Radio 5MHz For Kaypro 40 pages ISSUE NO 13 8 83 CP M Disk Directory More 256K For BBI Mini Front Panel Cheap Fast Modem Nevada COBOL Review BBI Printer Interface Kaypr
233. le JANICK DATA 1869 Riverbirch Dr Sumter SC 29150 803 481 9205 28 Computers and Equipment for sale Kaypro IV 700 Imsai based homebrew 600 Houston In struments Hi Pad digitizer 650 Details SASE D Anderson 1704 Virginia Way Arcata CA 95521 28 Perfect Calc overlays for CP M TAX 1040 36 50 Schedules ABCDEGW 4562 SE Six associated spreadsheets Depreciations Income averaging Updates Particularly fast and practical with hard or RAM disk Users Guide 14 PAYROLL 74 50 calculates your payroll 941 940 forms Paychecks FITC FUTA State PIT DI ETT UI SS Eight employees Limits Exemp tions Allowances Manuals support Check money order Cal add 6 5 sales tax Format Kaypro II others F Wilhelm 1298 Windermere Way Concord CA 94521 415 671 7309 28 Big Board I enclosed with two 8 drives key board monitor modem Software Userdisks word processing Turbo Pascal and 40 other disks Wayne Naleway 2836 N Harper Ter Peoria IL 61604 309 686 1304 650 28 For Sale Xerox 820 1 two 5 25 drives two monitors keyboard software 8 drive 350 Call Dick Barney eves 607 776 3935 28 Kaypro II with software amp carrying case 500 Okidata 92 printer 250 New Amdek 300A amber monitor 100 Jill Wollins 1204 17th Ave NW 6 Rochester MN 55901 28 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 USERS DISK 2 1 Two single disk drive copy progr
234. le That s all there is to it It s unlikely RESCUE will overwrite continued on page 59 52 7662 Fallswood Way Lorton VA 22039 Figure 1 Predefined Array MEM function NextChar char begin NextChar chr mem address address succ address If address 0 then writeln G crlf Warning End of 64K memory G end NextChar Figure 2 Program RESCUE program rescue const start 16000 0 CharSet set of char er M lf Jd erlf MJ maxint 32767 AddrConv 65536 0 linesize T72 conin 1 resetDOS 13 closefile 16 delfile 19 writesector 21 makefile 22 setdma 26 type FebType record dr byte name array 1 11 of char data array 12 35 of byte end var FileOut FebType LocSt LocEnd Loc real drive Achar Command response char Done goodnum StartSelected boolean procedure readchar var anychar char Allows a response to be entered without a carriage return and translates all inputs to uppercase var areg byte begin repeat until keypressed areg Bdos conin anychar UPCASE chr areg end readchar procedure readnum var areal real var goodnum boolean listing continued on page 59 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 Drawing A Planter In 3 D By Dennis Sprague Even if you re not in the mood to build a planter you ll find PL
235. letely faster than other Z80SBC MSC PCX 8088 expansion card for LAT soon available 512K WORLD SMALLEST COMPUTER Full personal CP M system in palm 4mhz Z80 RAM 128K RAM DISK j Serial RS232C X 2 automatic baud rate checking e Parallel Centronics type printer port 256K O S CP M plus bank version BIOS source code available Completely faster than other Z80SBC Manufacturer and International distributor SOUTHERN PACIFIC LIMITED Sanwa Bldg 2 16 20 Minamisaiwai Nishi Yokohama JAPAN 220 Phone 045 314 9514 Telex 3822320 SPACIF J Advanced single board computer technology company Floppy 3 5 inch micro floppy disk drive 800K byte option 5 3 5 inch drive d s sided d s track automatic density checking 2780 4mhz 128K Byte RAM Floppy 3 5 5 and 8 inch d s density dfs sided and d s track upto 4 disk drives Automatic density format check Serial RS232C X 2 e Parallel Centronics type 16 bits 10 78 bit keyboard port Timer battery back up calendar Video 80 X 24 high speed CRT controller OS CP M plus bank version included USA distributor SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPUTER PRODCTS U S A INC 21 Altarinda Rd Orinda CA 94563 Phone 415 253 1270 Dealer and distributor inquiries welcome Full assembled pcb of MTC Under 189 in OEM quantity Full featured CPM plus system MSC MTC P BIOS source code available DRI CP M plus manual 50 e New word processor prog
236. linders and formatted capacity of the drive NEW 360 00 NEW NEW NEW All drives carry a 90 day guarantee GAVILAN PARTS 32K RAM Capsules 64K RAM Capsules no plastic 20 00 40 00 3 100 00 3 50 65 00 13 00 Thermal Paper Boot Rom Board with 56K Ram Drive Printer Battery Packs Designing A Communications Program For Data Access By Michael Bazaral and Teri Tatham No matter what language you use if you ve ever considered writing your own version of a modem program you should take a peek at the following Michael and Teri have provided an interesting start to just about any thing you d need to do We designed the following data communications program in FORTH to run on a number of different micros The program accesses BRS on UNI NET the lowest cost source of on line scientific literature which includes for example MEDLINE a database com piled by the National Library of Medi cine How The Connection Works In many cases you aren t talking directly to a computer when talking to a value added network VAN you re really talking to a communications node called a PAD packet assembly and disassembly facility The PAD takes characters from a terminal your micro and puts them together into a packet of perhaps 20 characters to send to the mainframe The mainframe returns information as packets each with error detection Figure 1 Hex Dump of a Sample of Text with Nulls Removed H
237. me TINY TEK INC Route 1 Box 795 Quinlan Texas 75474 214 447 3025 Eco C Compiler Release 3 4 We think Rel 3 4 of the Eco C Compiler is the fastest full C available for the Z80 environ ment Consider the evidence Benchmarks Seconds Benchmark Q C CNC Could Not Compile N A Does not support floating point We ve expanded the library to 120 functions improved the manual and added new compile time switches The price is 149 95 and includes the SLR Systems Assembler Linker A savings of 145 00 over the old price Call today 1 800 952 0472 orders only 1 317 255 6476 information E 317 255 6476 6413 N College Ave Indianapolis Indiana 46220 ORX 01 0 OF St OL 6 D 3 XLT MACRO PROCESSOR w source XLT can be used as a preprocessor text translator or simple cross assembler depending on your macro definitions Comes with manual C source macro files for Z80 assembler preprocessor 8748 cross assembler CP M or PC versions PROGRAMMER S TOOLS w source Full blown programs you can use as is or mine for programming gold includes listing formatter file encryption decryption easy to use windowing package 12 programs in all with manual CP M version now PC version soon Q C 4 0 CP M C COMPILER w source NOW 95 00 Will be 195 after 3 31 86 Fast full featured compiler from the Code Works includes longs single precision floats excellent manual QC88 C COMPILER FOR PC s w
238. me to specify a start restart ADDRESS temporary pause resume search scroll pause display to go to MENU writeln t C to CONTINUE the scroll from the last address shown gt TO RECLAIM AN AREA OF MEMORY lt to specify a STARTING address for rescue txt to specify an ENDING address important be sure this address is at least two lines below the end of your program so that a proper End of File will be included to specify the DRIVE that rescue txt is to be sent to writeln W to WRITE rescue txt to the disk in the drive specified GOOD LUCK gotoxy 21 24 readchar command writeln end DisplayHelp main program begin initialize init_msg elrscr writeln DisplayHelp repeat case command of A begin Bt cr Et Mt write crlf Address to resume scroli erlf lt er gt will resume scroll at last address gt readnum Loc goodnum if not goodnum then begin writeln g Input error bad number DisplayHelp end else command C writeln end begin Loc start scroll Loc end scroll Loc begin writeln crlf Select the drive to write RESCUE TXT erlf lt cr gt selects default drive or select A thru Pt readchar drive if not drive in A P then begin drive chr 40 writeln crif Default drive selected end else writeln cr
239. mmodities or market in dices It first computes any 6 user chosen moving averages and then goes on to compute 12 percentage differences between pairs of moving averages These percentages are called oscillators because their values fluctuate above and below the zero point in waves that can duplicate those occurring in the price of the market or security in question The term often used to describe these oscillators overbought oversold is very apt since high oscillator values denote price tops for seiling and low values denote price bottoms for buying Using the extensive historic price data on the distribution disc the MAGIC QUTPUT FON FLEE TIIID ENT COnMI STOO From WOL to AON POI 4 WGI YF PRICE VEIR 7 MDs 67 SPs gt mkta I MRa DMR F Kras K WH AG MA b Es a g soving Avereges oving Average mboys wing karap 2 aioa yoa prio PAA OAS a CAZ DASD AE RS NE PAS AA ANY AAG aso o oo aw ooo D ee ee SS SS 00 100 a0 sad 0 00 0 00 9 0 00 0 4 00 6 0 DOi Deh DO 0 6 ae MOS HAY a en 0 06 BR BI BR ES OD oR RR ABE RB oR UM O 4S eT oo mee ae ee OC Sle te See ee Ctr a a or ee aay Pe Tt ee ao BT OB ARR GEO hd PAROS Me a aD aan LASS KO I OE VIL So E M RY ht Di OC DI O Sa PES he AS Gs ees Se wet WD 3 8 ADI oe aS PA a Ase ae A BONIS AED 340 Cor ES eC SEE SL a 3 bgo to nia ORY DADE S POS a SRO DO a0 E ed eS S E E Co Ce 2 Hw 2700 SSO ST ad 93 W9 2468 3 6 DS Be ORE oie 0 7 MOD 9 576 TE 104 SP ka EAT 6 0 10 0 og 43 4 La sao 6
240. n Executive Sweet I remember saying some time ago that the thing I missed most about CP M 80 was my trusty old ZCPR2 with its multiple command lines named directories command search paths etc Even though I did find a ZCPR like CCP replacement for CP M 86 on SIG M awhile back it had some very serious pronounced crashable bugs and the guy didn t even have the guts to include the source code At least he admitted all the bugs well almost all the bugs Soon after I began using CCP M daily and reading the manuals I came across a system call with the name P_CLI Process Command Line Interpreter It receives the address of a command line just like what you would type at the CCP TMP in CCP M jargon prompt and creates a new process to execute the command Hey this is pretty cool I can write a sophisticated user interface in a high level language and make one simple call to execute a program none of this oad it yourself and parse it your self stuff I plan to spend a little time Micro C Turkish Bureau in the next few issues developing my great user interface in Turbo Pascal since everybody seems to have it while explaining some of the more advanced features of CCP M To those of you diehard assembly language freaks bear with me Sure I know the thing would be much small er and faster if I wrote it in assembly language but this is supposed to show concepts Do
241. n t lose faith Earl deep down I really DO love assembly By the time we finish with this little jewel I hope to have the following features implemented multiple com mands on one line extended com mand line editing recall and editing of previously typed commands I O redi rection transparent to the application program being run command piping and named directories named user areas actually As we go along I hope to have the latest version of the shell available on the Micro C Bulletin board in the Slicer directory Some of the above listed features are just grunt work but others I O redirection for instance require real insight into the internals of CCP M Yes it ll all be done through BDOS calls in a hardware independent fash ion Before we get into all the real heady stuff though let me explain the basic elements of executing a program easy and returning to the calling program when you re finished also easy but not quite as obvious First things first We need a name Let s call this little fella SHELL Editor s note SHELL PAS CCPM INC EDITSTR INC and SHORT PAS are all found on the Micro C bulletin board Only SHORT PAS is printed in this issue of the magazine The Executionist Second things second Given a string of characters how do we tell CCP M to execute it Like I said this is the easy part The P__CLI system call expects the DS DX register pair to point to a comma
242. n BDS C including text editors and formatters BBS s assemblers C compliers games and much more Complete package price 150 All soft sectored disk formats plus Apple CP M available off the shelf Shipping free by UPS within USA for prepaid orders Canada 5 Other 25 VISA MC COD rush orders accepted DSofiware linc BD Software Inc P O Box 2368 7 Cambridge MA 02238 a 617 576 3828 PC Main Lines A System Primer By Gary Entsminger And Bruce Berryhill If you show an engine or a mechani cal drawing to a romantic it s likely he won t see much of interest The surface reality is dull lines num bers A classical person sees underly ing form Beauty s not what is seen but what it means Robert Persig Zen And The Art Of Motorcycle Maintenance If you re new to computer hard ware or if you want to know more about the PC read on We re going to review the system Pass one Tai wanese XT compatible main board please and don t scrimp on the lay ers A PC system board consists of a microprocessor ROM RAM DMA I O system interrupts timer plus a system bus address control and data lines for communicating Figure 1 shows the main lines between these subsystems with the 8088 micropro cessor at the heart of the system The microprocessor sends and re ceives information via busses Figure I Schematic Showing PC Main Lines The data bus is
243. nal with a readln entered from a data screen similar to the database program included with Turbo Toolbox or even chosen from an array of commands after getting a menu selection from the user It s all up to you do whatever your little heart desires Something Useful Something New Now we have our first building block To use it let s just put it in a loop that prints a prompt gets an input line with readln and executes the command stopping when the command EXIT is given sound familiar to all you lemming DOS users While we re at it we may as well parse through the input line looking for a separator V to delimit multiple commands on the same line Also there s no harm in putting a nice little line input routine in ED ITSTR INC on Micro C bulletin board that allows inserting and deleting char acters and moving around within the line No harm in allowing recall of the last command we typed either Figure 1 has the resulting Phase 1 of our project Next time we ll add named directo ries to this structure simply by adding an array 0 15 for each drive and hopefully implement I O redirection by having SHELL intercept all BDOS interrupts of its children If you want to study ahead see the hint on pages 6 153 of the CCP M Program mer s Reference Polite Processes or Shared Code One very useful feature of CCP M is the ability of mult
244. nc 4909 Stockdale Hwy 180 Bakersfield CA 93309 Get more for your money a SANYO MBC 1250 Including this FREE software e Wordstar Spellstar e Mailmerge Calcstar e Infostar e BASIC 8 Bit Integrated Computer with High Resolution Display e Two Z 80A CPUs main and secondary with no wait mode and large 64KB RAM 4KB ROM memory capacity for fast execution e High resolution 640 x 400 dot matrix display with fuil graphics functions e Choice of 33 line or 40 line text mode e CP M operating system with editor assembler and all standard utilities e Easy to use Sanyo Graphic BASIC e Two MBC 1250 internal double sided double density double track 51 slim type mini floppy disk drives with 640KB formatted capacity e Specially designed detachable keyboard with coiled cable for easier operation e Interfaces for one Centronics printer one RS 232 port NEC PC PR103A PR 5000 Dot Matrix 110 cps Letter quality Daisy Wheel Printer e 16 Wire print head 40 cps NLQ e Letter quality printer with 96 character e 80 char line or dot image graphics daisy wheel printing element e Centronics parallel interface e Accepts paper up to 13 inches in width e Tractors or Friction feed e 14 cps bidirectional printing e Pica elite condensed or proportional e 10 12 and 15 cpi printing pitches e Centronics parallel interface e Optional form tractor Includes printer cable amp full warranty Includes printer c
245. nchmark data and the program ad aptation for the IBM PC References 1 Tello Ernie PolyFORTH and PC FORTH BYTE November 1984 page 303 2 Taylor Robert III Send and RCV A FORTH Implementation of the X MODEM Protocol Dr Dobb s Journal September 1983 page 66 3 Cortesi Dave E Dr Dobb s Clinic Dr Dobb s Journal Septem ber 1984 page 12 4 Friedman Bernard Pharmaceuti cal Riches On Line PC Magazine February 5 1985 page 291 Ce Se OKIDATA PRINTER MICROLINE 80 7 X 9 IMPACT DOT MATRIX NEW RIBBON 80 CPS 10 CPI 6 OR 8 LINES PER INCH 3 TO 12 INCH FORM FEED TRACTOR amp FRICTION BUILT IN SELF TEST REMOVED FROM SERVICE PARALLEL INTERFACE CENTRONICS COMP 99 00 WINCHESTER 20 MBG HARD DRIVE HALF HEIGHT LOW POWER SAME AS FLOPPY NEW MODEL CMI 3426 CONTROLLER FOR IBM PC XT 369 00 125 00 KEYBOARD MICROSWITCH 113 KEYS 8 BIT ASCII PARALLEL OUTPUT WITH CASE AND COMPLETE DOCUMENTATION SA800 2 DISK DRIVE SA850 DISK DRIVE CLEAN USED CLEAN USED 40 00 59 00 99 00 STANDARD MOUNTING GUARANTEED 60 DAYS CABINET FOR ABOVE HOLDS TWO DRIVES POWER WIRING COMPLETED AC AND DC FAN AND INPUT AC WIRING DONE 20 X 9 1 2 X 17 DEEP 60 00 POWER SUPPLY F
246. nd Oaks CA 91360 Voice 805 492 3693 RBBS 805 493 1495 RBBS 805 492 5472 Fukuoka Toshio Maeda Build 8F Kita 20 Higasi 1 Higasiku Sapporo Japan Voice 01 44 36 2807 Bill Botton P O Box 357 Kenmore QLD 4069 Australia Voice 61 7 378 2338 RBBS 61 7 378 9530 Local 02 378 9530 Dave Bowerman West Coast Computer Society P O Box 4031 Vancouver B C V6B 3Z4 Voice 604 937 3148 CBBS 604 937 0906 Judson Newell 4691 Dundas Street W Islington Ontario M9A 1A7 Voice 416 239 2835 CBBS 416 231 9538 416 231 1262 Peter Briggs Transvaal Amateur Computer Club P O Box 2513 Kempton Park 1620 South Africa Derek Fordred CP M Users Group of UK 72 Mill Road Hawley Dartford Kent England DA2 7RZ Voice 011 44 0322 22669 Hans Stauffer Caracus Computer Club Apartado 66394 Caracus Venezuela 1061A Voice 011 58 2 987 3308 SIG M volumes are available on 8 SSSD disks for 6 each 9 foreign directly from SIG M Box 97 Iselin NJ 08830 Printed catalogs are 3 each 4 foreign Disks in a variety of formats may be obtained through the world wide SIG M distribution network The distributor list is included with the printed catalog A disk version of the catalog Volume 00 is available for 6 PC BLUE volumes are 7 each 10 foreign The printed catalog is 5 Both are available from the New York Amateur Computer Club Box 100 Church Street Station New York NY 10008 17 WordStar
247. nd line framed in 0 bytes e g 0 your command here 0 continued next page Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 37 86 WORLD continued from page 37 Since Turbo Pascal keeps its strings in a slightly different format a length byte followed by the string this calls for a small conversion First we ll use the length byte to put the 0 at the end of the string then we ll zero out the length byte So our first pass at an Exec procedure looks like this PROCEDURE Exec cmd string128 var reg BDOSreg see Figure 1 for data types begin emd length emd 1 chr 0 emd 0 chr 0 reg CX P_CLI reg DS seg cmd reg DX ofs cmd BDOS reg predefined in Turbo end Exec And strangely enough it works The only problem is that when the new program finishes executing you return not to the calling program but to the TMP Terminal Message Proces sor Oops Another look at the CCP M Programmer s Reference reveals that in order to be reconnected Exec must be the highest priority process requesting the console when the console is released by the called program So let s up the priority and try attaching to the console Instead of just bdos reg do this see Figure 1 for definitions of SetPriority and AttachDefVC SetPriority C5 we re important BDOS reg AttachDefVC wait for console
248. nd whatever else you want to stuff init It comes with a Siemens keyboard with case and is programmed like the Kaypro keyboard with many extra Wordstar and CP M commands The whole cabinet is color coordinated and sharp looking Nobody will ever suspect this s a Kaypro Now you can build the classiest Kaypro computer ever for less than 550 00 The complete cabinet is a steal at 179 00 MISC CABLES 9 50 Pin 50 Pin Header 14 40 Pin 40 Pin Header 2 29 9 Hard Disk 20 Pin Header 2 00 14 Dual Inline 16 Pin Male 2 2 00 1 0 Connector for Keyboard 2 20 Coiled Keyboard Cable 1 50 Playor 3 5 sees 6 obec ame rs Wireless Remote Control 55 00 ERAC CO 8280 CLAIREMONT MESA BLVD SUITE 117 619 569 1864 SAN DIEGO CA 92111 STORE HOURS Mon Fri 9 00 6 00 Sat 10 00 4 00 TERMS VISA MasterCard Certified Checks Money Order NO COD Visa and MasterCard add 3 Personal checks must clear BEFORE we ship Include shipping charges California residents add 6 Sales Tax 5 Call for our Test Equipment Mailer 62 ERAC CO SPECIALS x KKK II KKK KK KKK KK Kk Bahco Wire Cutter Swedish 6 95 KKK KKK KKK KKK KK KKK CPU SUPPORT MC68000 8 CPU 80186 3 naa 80186 6 ice Pack Ter eer eit 9 00 Z280 CPU a oo teen sated onera otha Se 1 00 Z80A CPU ener Sandie RR Genk den 2 50 Z80A PIO imepania t peo 2 50 Z8OA SIO tee hi e CE
249. ne 1 800 223 EPIC EPIC SALES 132 Walnut Plano Center Q9AM 6GPM CST Garland Texas 75042 EPIC SALES WINCHESTER SUB SYSTEMS Featuring Drives By Seagate XEROX 820 820 11 BIGBOARD I KAYPRO III IV 100 Z 100 Supports CPM 2 2 operating system Supports CPM 2 2 operating system Host board plugs into Z 80 socket e Host board plugs into S 100 BUSS WD 1002 controller board external in cabinet XEBEC S 1410 controifer board external in cabinet Boot CPM from 8 or 5 1 4 floppy Boot CPM from floppy 8 e Easy installation Easy installation Complete documentation package is avaitable for 35 00 Fast amp Efficient Service This package includes all manuals and software on a diskette if required All orders are expedited as a matter of our regular policy The 35 00 is refundable with the purchase of a Winchester sub system We are proud to have achieved our goal of shipping most orders from EPIC SALES within 24 hrs of receipt Seagate ST 212 Seagate ST 225 Erwin 110 1 2 High Low Power 1 2 High Tape Backup Type of Dual 10 MEG System External IBM PC amp OMPATIBLES ime wa soso 1060 wi 1049 FRAG wa see s1008 we sooo SATISFACTION GUARANTEED 1 YEAR FULL WARRANTY TECH SERVICE HOTLINE Order your EPIC Winchester System now Every unit is throughly tested before shipping and our if you have a question or a problem test it for 30 days if not satisfied return for warranty inciudes both parts and l
250. ne erlf LineNum 5 0 line end PrintLine begin Scroll if StartLoc lt maxint then address round StartLoc else address round StartLoc AddrConv line write StartLoc 5 0 repeat achar NextChar CONTINUE If length line gt linesize then PrintLine If achar in CharSet then line line achar else if achar cr then begin achar NextChar if achar 1f then begin PrintLine achar NextChar goto CONTINUE end else begin line line concats cr to line as a no need to advance read to next ohar goto CONTINUE end else if 1f end if cr else line line until keypressed Areg BDOS conin command Upcase chr Areg if Command S then begin repeat a until keypressed Areg BDOS conin Command Upcase chr Areg if Command S then goto CONTINUE end EXIT if address lt 0 then StartLoc address AddrConv else StartLoc address end Scroll procedure DisplayHelp begin writeln writeln writeln writeln writeln writeln writeln writeln B writeln A writeln S writeln M writeln writeln writeln writeln writela S writeln E writeln writeln t writeln D write Command selected gt gt MENU lt s Q to QUIT rescue com at any time gt TO SEARCH THROUGH MEMORY lt to BEGIN the search at 16 000 the default address at any ti
251. ne feed However programs which use interrupts are often hardware spe cific so we ll not go that route CUA Portable Program The PAD gives you an easy alterna tive to interrupts You can tell it to send one or two nulls after every line feed so your computer doesn t miss any important information The PAD can also accept any user defined char acter as a break so you don t have to convince your hardware to output that long low Multi System FORTH FORTH runs on a variety of operat ing systems Words used to write disk files in the format of a specific operat ing system are not part of the FORTH standard but implementations of FORTH from one vendor generally employ the same syntax for disk op erations regardless of the operating system We like FORTH 83 from Laboratory Microsystems LM FORTH see Ref 1 It comes in versions for CPM 86 CPM 80 CPM 68000 MS DOS and PC DOS Under these operating sys tems identical LM FORTH words cre ate and write disk files You can distribute programs written in LM FORTH if you seal the program so only the application may be run If only the FORTH nucleus and the words required for a communications program are included there is room Sereen 16 Screen 19 0 Communications program HEX O CAPTURE b Send character b to CAPTURE BUFFER 1 O4 CONSTANT DATA PORT Value is machine dependant 1 2 05 CONSTANT STATUS PORT 1AN 2 CHAR 3FF AND 0 True
252. nerate wildly different responses and even a successful deck may not generate a response forever Booths and word of mouth word of disk have also generated many sales He noted that the computer shows especially those aimed at the end THE COMPUTER JOURNAL Practical Programming amp Hardware Projects The Computer Journal is published bimonthly for those interested in programming their computers interfacing to peripherals and hardware construction Now expanded with in depth articles covering Turbo Pascal C Assembly Language Kaypro Ampro Interfacing plus CP M and other operating systems 6 Issues 1 year 14in US VISA amp MasterCard accepted 190 Sullivan Crd Columbia Falls MT 59912 406 257 9119 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 user have been a lot less productive lately The crowds are down signifi cantly and those who do show up aren t buying much Bob thinks people are waiting for the new PC 2 and the Amiga Once these machines are out he thinks buying will turn up again Marketing is important but he feels that most importantly the product has to be good In conjunction with this he s planning to add spelling checking and support proportional spacing in the near future Some Suggestions If you decide you want to be a programmer and a businessman then go ahead and do the package and get it out Make sure you re doing some thing unique all successful
253. ng projects in our Pascal Runoff Thanks for the enthusiastic response It was Christ mas around here as we opened pack age after package of surprises Before We Announce The Winners For those who joined late the Pascal Runoff was open for entries from June 1 through November 1 We accepted any program written in Tur bo Pascal during 1985 We didn t limit program length or subject and conse quently we received a healthy hodge podge adventures sideways printer setter uppers 2 and 3 D graphic dis plays an overtime scheduler an inte gral solver a pi calculator a write your congressman utility a screen ge nerator a poem generator a bicycle gearing analyzer a solar intensity measurer and oodles of useful and not so useful micro accessories So picking the winners was formida ble but fun Fortunately lots of folks helped out In particular thanks to Mike Weisert and his helpers at Borland Interna tional Larry Fogg and Renee Katter at Micro C and the rest of the Micro C staff for cataloging reviewing test ing and finally selecting the winning programs The Envelope Please The Grand Prize a 1 megabyte MicroSphere RAM disk or a Definicon 32032 based board goes to Richard Ryall 2323 McBride Lane 42 Santa Rosa CA 95401 for PROBE a slick screen oriented disk editor for the Kaypro that works on floppies and hard disks PROBE is easy to use and has very readable code and docume
254. ng up the TERM program on the Geneva as described in the manual very clear documentation 3 After the file has been transferred type E on the Kaypro keyboard to get back to command mode and then enter WRT to write the saved data to disk The reverse works as well Put the Geneva into terminal mode first then select the same mode for the Kaypro a simple T from the COMMAND prompt Once you re in Kaypro s ter minal mode hit T and specify the filename I select Y on the delay prompt The file will appear on both screens while it is being transferred On the Geneva each new line will write over the previous one but it is still being saved Floyd Schneider Berliner Ring 6 8047 Graz Austria Nuts And Bolts I had a hard time removing the screws on the monitor side of the disk drive enclosure I tried a stubby screw driver but it was too long Finally I bought a no 1 Phillips head drill bit with a hexagonal shaft Costs about 1 is only 2 long and I can hold it in place with a finger and fit a small wrench on the hexagonal shaft Screws come right out Christopher Conly 430 12th Ave E Apt 301 Seattle WA 98102 Procedure Motor Off Sometimes Turbo Pascal 2 0 will leave the disk drive motors running on my Kaypro 4 83 The folks at Borland gave me this prodecure to turn the motors off TECHNICAL TIPS This might work for 4 84 but on my 4 83 it should be Procedure Motor O
255. no speciai technical knowledge required Versions available from stock for the Kaypro XPRO Xerox 820 2 Morrow MD2 amp 3 and IBM 100 compatibles Other versions available on request Uniform PANASONIC HALF HEIGHT DISK DRIVES These are some of the finest new 5 1 4 disk drives They are fast reliable and have about the lowest power consumption around National JA551 Shugart 455 DSDD 48 TPI National JA561 Shugart 465 DSQD 96 TPI 114 00 129 00 EMERALD MICROWARE PO BOX 6118 ALOHA OR 97007 503 642 1860 29 Xerox 820 Column By Mitchell Mlinar 1225 Fonthill Ave Torrance CA 90503 The Z80 SIO is the communications chip in nearly every Z80 based sys tem It s very powerful and very smart but programming it is not a Figure 1 SIO Read Registers 0 and 1 Read Register 0 trivial process just look at the man 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ual Mitch continues with the SIO in Brk x CTS x DTR Tx Empty Int Pending Rx avail this column Brk indicates a break has been received CTS and DTR status of clear to send amp data terminal ready lines Last time I discussed SIO software Tx Empty is high to indicate that the transmit is configuration This issue I ll finish off empty and ready to accept another character n the topic with the baud rate and Int Pending is used on channel A COM to indicate le i t output A an interrupt has occurred Sample input output programming Rx avail is
256. ns which are critical to the program s operation First the restrictions outlined above not necessarily universal If you take the tab expansion out the end test will have to be modified On first entry the prefix string is set to as the first byte needs no separator The prefix is then changed to for all later hex values PROCESS_EXT is very sensitive to proper syntax The is used to locate the end of a label M80 requires the colon and normal separators like and are also used as markers Finally for earlier versions of Turbo you ll have to replace the two EXIT statements in function OPEN_FILES with GOTOs It s Not Perfect Yet Global references are the only other useful facility the assembler linker combination provides Individual la bels within the AL can be declared global and thus callable from other modules It is the complement to the EXTRN declaration an external label is declared global in another module I haven t yet come up with a clean way to let Turbo know about labels defined in an AL module If you do please let me know One not so clean method is used in Listing 4 available load accumulator from memory sload memory from accumulator on the Micro C bulletin board It involves setting up a JP table in the AL module with the requested routine number passed as a parameter from label a rp data rp label label rp
257. ntation Works with graphic and non graphic Kaypros Great job Richard Second through sixth place winners each receive their choice of two prod ucts from Borland and a 100 gift certificate from Micro C Second Prize to Steve Mitton 7662 Fallswood Way Lorton VA 22079 for RESCUE a handy utility that lo cates lost text in memory and writes it to a file See Steve s article this issue Third Prize to Dennis Sprague 912 4th Ave NW Great Falls MT 59404 for PLANTER a bizarre program that calculates the dimensions of a multi sided wooden planter box and plots it in 3 D See Dennis s article this is sue Fourth Prize to Frances M Coniglio 1225 Martha Custis Dr Alexandria VA 22302 for VOCABULARY BUILDER an edu cational program to help students in crease their foreign language vocabu laries Fifth Prize to Steve Wilcox 1215 South Osceola Denver CO 80219 for PAMPHLET which takes a Word Star text file and rearranges the pages in the proper order for a folded pam phlet Very nice output this is really a tricky operation folks And Sixth Prize to Ernest W Adams 254 College Ave F Palo Alto CA 94306 for BOTTICELLI an intelligent educa tional guessing game Congratulations Honorable Mention We started with 103 entries and whittled them to 80 and 70 then on down until we reached the dirty dozen Two programs we liked a lot just missed prizes
258. o Reverse Video Mod 44 pages 2 ESSERE BRR BACK ISSUES OF MICRO C Only 1 50 each when you order 6 or more All Foreign 2 00 each for 6 or more ISSUE NO 14 10 83 BBII Installation The Perfect Terminal Interface To Electronic Typewriter BBI Video Size Video Jitter Fix Slicer Column Begins Kaypro Color Graphics Review 48 pages ISSUE NO 15 12 83 Screen Dump Listing Fixing Serial Ports Playing Adventure SBASIC Columns Begins Upgrading Kaypro II To 4 Upgrading Kaypro 4 To 8 48 pages ISSUE NO 16 12 84 Xerox 820 Column Restarts BBI Double Density BBII 5 78 Interface Fix Kaypro ZCPR Patch Adding Joystick To Color Graphics Recovering Text From Memory 52 pages ISSUE NO 17 4 84 Voice Synthesizer 820 RAM Disk Kaypro Morse Code Interface 68000 Based System Review Inside CP M 86 56 pages ISSUE NO 18 6 84 includes surface postage ISSUE NO 20 10 84 HSC 68000 Co Processor DynaDisk For The BBII Serial Printer On BBI Sans SIO Cheap amp Dirty Talker For Kaypro Extended 8 Single Density 72 pages ISSUE NO 21 12 84 Analog To Digital Interface Installing Turbo Pascal Low Intensity BBI Video Turbo Pascal The Early Days 80 pages ISSUE NO 22 2 85 Xerox 820 II To A Kaypro 8 Sound Generator For The STD Bus Reviews Of 256K RAM Expansion In The Public Domain Begins 88 pages ISSUE NO 23 4 85 Automatic Disk Relogging Interrupt Driven Serial Printer Low Co
259. o set for slow blink blink 3 boolean startval stopval byte response char begin startval stopval z Top Bottom write Cursor blink y n repeat read kbd response response Upcase response Bottom of block cursor underline value also 64 Bit to set for blinking cursor To get a full block cursor on a Kaypro 84 for example we turn on all 16 scan lines by assigning 0 to register 10 and 15 to register 11 Ports Most Z80 and 8086 8088 peripheral devices are I O Mapped That means that the processor makes the I O line active and then puts the port number on the address bus Turbo Pascal provides predefined port arrays to access the ports On the Kaypro 84 the CRT controller is at port 28 Data to be put on the screen go to port 29 Note The Kaypro 83 doesn t use a video controller the cursor is set by the way the gates are cobbled togeth er So this discussion of the 6845 isn t applicable to 83s To control the cursor we simply send a value to select register 10 Port Select Start and a cursor value which sets bits 5 and 6 Port Data StartValue Refer again to the register drawing above From Z80 To 8088 Since the PC also uses the 6845 CRT controller we can control its cursor as well up to a point The PC hardware automatically makes the cursor blink 28900 SW Parkway Ave 9 Wilsonville OR 97070 therefore a no blink assignment 00 to b
260. oad before the Amiga can load AmigaDOS the oper ating system After AmigaDOS loads the fun real ly starts For example it doesn t al ways know when it s out of memory And when it s out of memory it crashes Even when it s not out of memory it crashes but less often and less dependably In Commodore s defense they promise to iron out the bugs ROM the code and get on with selling and supporting the Amiga That s good news for third party developers who really need a solidified system in order to make software What s Really Exciting Coming from a CP M background Z80 we re quite impressed with the operating system Especially the por tion that runs the mouse sizes the windows and handles multitasking The multitasking looks like it s done very well outside of the out of memo ry problem specifically the way tasks can be manipulated the way you can move between foreground and back ground the way you can run large numbers of tasks simultaneously We ve run 13 at once without prob lem the limit appears to be 20 I love the Amiga even though I couldn t get excited about the Macin tosh Running A Program You get things done two ways on the Amiga The first seen by most users is through INTUITION and WORKBENCH They display icons move the mouse pointer and provide powerful meta phors for disk and file manipulation For example to copy a file from disk to disk
261. oard 48 96 floppy controller 360K floppy mono or color card case power supply w IBM PC DOS 3 1 839 w o IBM PC DOS ONLY 799 Visa MC AmEx ORDERS 619 375 5744 The SBC Mart 821 Commercial St P O Box 1296 Ridgecrest CA 93555 Shipping and handling drives mother boards cases power supplies 4 50 ea software 2 50 ea cards 2 ea keyboards 4 CA residents add 6 sales tax SBC PLEDGE service after sale low prices technical support one year warranty Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 one hard floppy cartridge laser write once read only read write drive all you had to do was walk 50 feet There were 6 meg floppies 80 meg 3 1 2 winchesters drives on cards en cyclopaedias on disks you name it they were there They had bits packed so tightly inside some of those little tiny things that it s a wonder they could get them all in and out without bruising them Desktop Publishing The decline in price of the 300 dot per inch laser printers has created a new market for printer driver software that justifies paginates columnizes and holds graphics When you put all this together you have desktop pub Advanced Concepts Mini Winnie HARD DISK SYSTEMS For your Z 80 Computer Our EXTERNAL systems install in seconds Includes an attractive vertical cabinet with integral P S and fan 3 foot cables Everything necessary to plug in and go O
262. oes it do the quick warm boots Is a notepad func tion built in What about the 15 rebate for purchasers who send back their other ROM Peter Barub 313 Dufour St Santa Cruz CA 95060 Editor s note About Perfect we don t have a clue Perfect kind of conflicts with the personali ties here at the office As for the 884 Max it s nearly Perfect The Pro 884 will work with the latest Xtrakey but it doesn t have a type ahead buffer or date stamping However Plu Perfect s date stamper will date your files It does warm boots out of ROM no system disk required after initial system boot up Famous Last Words I was so sorry to hear that Kaypro was following the masses into the 16 bit arena But then assurances were given that the 8 bit machines would always be supported by Kaypro and the overwhelming availability of CP M programming would keep the 8 bit Kaypros alive Well true to my and many others expectations it would seem that 8 bit support is dying Matter of fact for one major software supplier it s al ready dead In the December Pro files Volume 3 No 5 there is a two page advertisement from Micropro on pages 64 and 65 extending only to Profiles readers the offer of WordStar compatible software Calling them leads to the big disappointment that ALL of the 8 bit software included in the ad which expires April 1986 is no longer available Anyone got a copy of Mailmerge
263. oesn t sup port subfunction FD of function 6 raw console I O It thinks I want to output the character with value FDh Back to square two but at least not back to square one So now I have to make a patch that youl ments matching operator tasks and machine developed Multiple Commands per line Auto disk reset when changing floppies more easily added 76 syntax compatible support utilities 40 sersvou FREE Z Operating System an 8 bit OS that flies Optimized HD64180 Z80 assembly language code full software development system with proven linkable libraries of productive subroutines relocating ROM and RAM macro assembler linker librarian cross reference table generator debuggers translators and disassemblers ready to free High performance and flexibility Productivity results from dynamically customized OS environ Real time control kernel option allows quick software development for industriai control applications other tools and utilities for office desk top personal computing functions local area networks to Ethernet AppleTalk Omninet ArcNet PC Net Sytek from micro to mainframe command control and communications Distributed processing application programs are easily Extreme organizational flexibility each directory another environment Aliases complex series of commands known by simple names with variable passing Named Directories with absolut
264. oking I still believe that where there s smoke there s a hot soldering iron As for keeping Micro C unique I ve spent many sleepless nights struggling with this I m open to suggestions We re leaving our old comfortable niche because we won t survive if we don t In our case I hope we re doing more than simply moving over to the next fad I hope we ll be able to move right out to the front edge of technology in a way that will not only keep you up to date and excited like we are but also make it possible for those of you with limited budgets by definition a budget is limited to participate in the quantum leaps that technology is making Perfect Footnotes I m working on a large manuscript and have a problem with Perfect Writ er whenever a footnote is too large or comes too near the bottom of a page of text being formatted Rather than being carried over to the bottom of the next page the footnote is either lost or jumbled into the text Do you know of a public domain or inexpensive program which will fix this bug Aren t there the same types of patches for Perfect Writer that there are for WordStar I ve heard of a program called Bigfoot but I think it s only for endnotes not footnotes Can you elucidate Now some questions about the Pro 884 MAX ROM Does it work on an 85 2X Is there a type ahead buffer Will it work with Xtrakey Can you make it automatically date stamp files with a built in clock D
265. on of 720X348 software supplied can directly replace any existing PC or PC XT mother board as to allow the use of the basic graphic command centronic it has the same physical dimensions and mounting holes The TO l i 1 40 00 Intel 80186 and 640K on board 16 bit path RAM makes the PArORE RANTETIMIETIICE mieia itina K XT 186 the fastest PC currently available MOTHER BOARD 8MHz 640K RAM 8 1 O slots Visa and Mastercard Accepted 795 00 Please Add 3 00 Shipping HOLLISTON COMPUTER P O Box 615 Chepachet R I 02814 401 568 0522 IBM PC XT AT PC DOS are trademarks of International Business Machines Corp MS DOS is a registered trademark of Micro Soft Corp CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research inc MICRO CORNUCOPIA The Micro Technical Journal Editor amp Publisher David J Thompson Operations amp Advertising David Pogue Associate Editors Rebecca Ozrelic Gary Entsminger Accounting Sandra Thompson Graphic Design Craig Lannes Office Manager Tracey Anthony Technical Department Bruce Berryhill Larry Fogg Staff Assistants Dorcas Dsenis Cary Gatton Laura Logan Renee Katter MICRO CORNUCOPIA ISSN 0747 587X is published bi monthly for 16 per year by Micro Cornucopia Inc 155 NW Hawthorne Bend OR 97701 Second class postage paid at Bend OR and additional mailing offices POSTMASTER Send address changes to MICRO CORNUCOPIA PO Box 223 Bend OR 97709 SUBSCRIPTION RATES 1
266. on of the module hasn t changed and the definition is all the outside world sees those mod ules using the buffer won t know about the change in implementation from LIFO to FIFO hope they don t need to Consequently the importing modules won t need to be recompiled Of course everything has to be re linked after you recompile the imple mentation part of the module The new implementation first in first out looks like this IMPLEMENTATION MODULE Buffer CONST N 100 VAR in out 0 N 1 n 0 N buf ARRAY O N 1 OF CARDINAL PROCEDURE put x CARDINAL BEGIN IF n lt N THEN buf in x in in 1 MOD N n n 1 notfull n lt N notempty TRUE END END put PROCEDURE get VAR x CARDINAL BEGIN IF n gt 0 THEN x buflout out out 1 MOD N nis n 1 notempty n gt 0 notfull TRUE END END get BEGIN n 0 in 0 out 0 notempty FALSE notfull TRUE END Buffer Big Programming Trust Or Conse quences Assuming you don t write all the implementation code yourself and in big programming projects where Modula is most useful you won t there s more than a few quanta of faith at stake Your implementation cronies had better be implementing the module you re expecting from the definition or everyone s in big trou ble Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 DataMac 5 25 hard disk controller card 9995 RODIME 20 MEG 5 25
267. one line memory electronic typewriter with settable margins tabs line spacing etc MSBCHART 49 00 Prints alphabetized list of all variables amp line numbers referenced in any program written in basic cross referenced to the line number where used A godsend when writing or modifying basic programs Place your order or request FREE catalog by mail or if using COD or credit card telephone anytime of the night or day Add 3 00 shipping amp 3 00 additional for COD Shipment wil be no later than next working day by 1st class mail Californians must add 6 tax to prices MAP Micro Art Programmers E 173 Birch Avenue Cayucos California 93430 Phone 805 995 2329 DRIVE ENCLOSURES FrioPPey g amp pre 5 amp j Write or call for our brochure which includes our application note Making micros better than any ol box computer FLOPPY WINCHESTER TAPE WIN CH S e STER FROM 80 Includes Power Suppl pply Desktop amp Rack e Heavy Duty All Metal Cabinet Fan amp Dust Filter e Hefty Power Supplies e Full or Slim Drives e Power Harness From Supply To Drives e Line Fuse EMI Filter Detachable Line Cord e Cabinets amp Supplies Available Separately Most Models Disk drives not included INI EORSNID RESEARCH CORPORATION 8620 Roosevelt Ave Visalia CA 93294 209 654 1203 32 Page Free Fakt Pakt Catalog Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986
268. onfigure keyboard runtime package for CHN file recover Turbo source from memory print pamphlets from WordStar file 83 Kaypro drawing program mailing labels Rolland Management Systems Utilities Package offers maximum access to files for CP M users Sort System Organize and reorganize any file fixed or variable length records unrestricted sort keys skip or include records or blocks Menu System No need to chain back to menu unrestricted construction of menus restrict user modification of menus enhanced batch processor under the menu Ali 4 Utititles 79 95 Batch List Utility List many files with one command optional page heading page number or date 19 95 x output to printer or another file configure tor any printer Dump Utility Decode and display entire file contents show hexadecimal integer or RAD50 value 19 95 dump to screen printer or disk file begin at any block and dump any number FREE with purchase of any Utility Base Conversion Utility decimal to binary to hexadecimal to RAD50 Mastercard or Visa cal 919 276 E070 Rolland Management Systems Inc Rt 5 Box 135 Laurinburg N C 28352 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inz i 51 Rescuing Lost Text From Memory By Steve Mitton Steve s RESCUE PAS snared second prize in the Pascal Runoff In addition to being useful RESCUE is a g
269. ood example of programming with proce dures Look closely at the embedded function and procedure within a pro cedure You re programming in Turbo and run a program before you ve saved your source code The program OOPS PAS doesn t do exactly what you expected but instead loops infi nitely forcing you to warm boot to regain control of your computer Down to zero in a word You ve lost your program and many minutes of precious programming time fly out the window But Don t Panic You can recover your program or any text for that matter in CP M with DDT 1 Locate the lost text in memory noting the address where the text begins and ends 2 Calculate the size of the text with DDT s h command convert this value to decimal and divide by 256 decimal to obtain the number of pages to save in decimal 3 Move the text to address 100 Hex using the DDT m command 4 Save text using CP M s SAVE command Or you could rescue your text with Turbo Pascal RESCUE PAS my Pascal Runoff en try dumps memory and then writes the block you specify to a file RES CUE TXT Operation RESCUE Q To QUIT RESCUE B To BEGIN the search through memory The default address to begin the scroll is 16000 since RES CUE COM is 16K A To specify an ADDRESS to start restart scrolling After you ve marked the beginning and ending of the text you want rescued RESCUE writes your block to a fi
270. opes are the only instru ments which can tell you what the signal really looks like logic analyzers give up some of the detailed tell it like it is information that scopes provide for a broader view of many signals Scopes are much more expensive than logic probes and more difficult to use and understand The temptation is to purchase an old Heathkit 5 MHz scope your system is only running 4 MHz right for 50 or 100 and then assume the information on the tube is correct It ain t The slowest scope I d use would have a 50 MHz bandwidth Period It would also have an X10 probe 10 meg Ohm 20 pF and two channels Part of the reason you use a scope is to see what the signal looks like Is it rising quickly enough Are there extra squig gles called ringing Fall yL Time Square Wave With Slow Rise amp Fall Times Rise Time Square Wave With Howa TTL Signal Overshoot Appears onan Oscilloscope A slow scope will show you garbage that isn t there and will miss garbage that is A low impedance probe X1 will slow up the rise time and cause ringing just by its presence So a signal that is otherwise fine will look horrible Expect to pay between 800 and 2000 for a good scope new If you can find an old Tektronix 540 through 547 series monster in good running order with dual trace 50 MHz plug in you could have a very high quality unit for under 300 At 50 Ibs it wouldn t be
271. os angletorotate oldx sin angletorotate end procedure pointOnCircle var pointparm point diameter arc real return point pointparm at rotation tarc measured in radians from positive X axis on circle with diameter of diameter the circle is centered on the origin begin pointparm x diameter 2 cos are pointparm y diameter 2 sin arc end procedure setUpSide var figure figureOf4 planter description side integer procedure setUpTopPoints var workFigure figureOf4 workPlanter description side integer var rotation real ie points 1 and 2 in figure will be on the top rim of the planter the points will be seperated by the angle determined by the number of sides in the planter and which side we are creating with workPlanter do begin corner one Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 rotation 6 28319 numberOfsides side 1 pointOnCircle workFigure 1 topDiameter rotation workFigure 1 z height 2 corner two rotation 6 28319 numberOfsides side pointOnCircle workFigure 2 topDiameter rotation workFigure 2 z height 2 end end procedure setUpBottomPoints var workFigure figureOf4 workPlanter description side integer var rotation real begin points 3 and 4 in figure will be on the bottom rim of the planter the points will be seperated by the angle determined by the number
272. otion Figure 4 contains the program A Little Background Two values determine the shape of an ellipse 1 Eccentricity e degree of flat tening 2 Semi Major Axis a 1 2 the smallest diameter measured in A U Two additional values are required for the program to function 3 Step or M the constant angular rotation interval In effect time Figure 1 Two Phases of Orbit while M lt 360 do begin M toradians M compute_it M sradiansto M M sM estep i si 1 if keypressed then abort begin switch _statusline off goto top end end Figure 2 Procedure GetCoords visradiansto v temp sv if v gt 0 then v 90 v else v 360 360 v 90 v storadians v Latitude round scale cos v r if temp gt 0 then Latitude abs Latitude Departure round scale sin v r store the coords screencoord i x focusx Departure screencoord 1 y focusy Latitude end Figure 3 Procedure Plotit kaypro ESC sequence to write a pixel if not orbiton then kaypro ESC sequence to un write a pixel Figure 4 Program Orbit program orbit 66 degrees to radians compute the position getcoords plotit compute the screen coords and plot them increment M and array index restart program write 27 char screencoord 1 y 32 char screencoord i x 32 we want to erase the previous pixel write 27 char screencoord i 1 y 32 cha
273. ou buy Version 1 0 has the following limitations Copy Rename Erase not available Dynamic word wrap unavailable Definable Block size limited to 1K File size limited to memory size Only 16 user areas Limited Keyboard MACRO s Literal Search mode only Manual not included Gentlemen Please rush me the following Copies of EXPRESS 2 0 at 29 95 5 00 postage and handling includes manual Copies of EXPRESS 2 0 manual only at 12 00 3 00 postage and handling ________ Copies of EXPRESS sampler Version 1 0 at 10 00 2 00 postage and handling have enclosed my check or money order for payable to TCI Note Washington residents must include 17733 205th Ave NE 7 8 sales tax Woodinville Washington 98072 Note For C O D add 3 50 My shipping address is Name Address City Phone My Z 80 based computer running CP M 80 v2 2 is Disk size 5 8 _ Disk Density S D Single Double sided Tomorrow s ComrurtinG NNovaTIONS Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 85 XEROX 820 L amp Lesser 50 00 lt Z80 B 6MHz 8 00 35 00 820 w CP M 70 00 lt e 820 II 70 00 X 5 1 4 DSDD CP M 8 35 00 80 Track 96TPIl 820 ll w CP M 90 00 X Phillips Drives XEROX is a Trademark of XEROX Corp CP M is a Trademark of Digital Research OEM HOBBYIST Sips Inductors Pots 7400 74LS Linears some ECL 100 00 Dips Regulators Caps Chips Resistors ell us your need
274. ove an idea and all attached text moves with it You can keep track of your main line of thought by collapsing the details from view Then expand portions of the outline to develop the specifics when you need to By collapsing and expanding you can maintain an overview and literally see how your ideas fit together And OUT THINK is fast Your ideas remain at your fingertips OUT THINK can locate and retrieve by keyword even a misspelled one in less than a second per outline file Once you ve entered your ideas you can get them out with a full complement of format ting printing and file conversion options including Wordstar compatibility From a two page report to the Great American Novel OUT THINK will rotate your headers and footers with page numbers and give you a Table of Contents to boot OUT THINK is brought to you by KAMASOFT We pioneered outline processing and brought this amazing x new technology to CP M computers For over 2 years our KAMAS programmable outline processor has been widely acclaimed Our new OUT THINK is simpler and easier to use than KAMAS Yet it offers more print ing and formatting options better handling and control and faster operations And at 49 95 your ideas have never had it so good OUT THINK is simply spectacular Try it for 60 days If you re not completely satisfied return it for a full refund if you create and organize text in the course of your wo
275. owever if you can locate a CP M 2 2F or 2 2G system disk your dealer should have a copy you should be able to run our 884 monitors Don t try to boot F or G before you change monitors 2 There are two distinct versions of CP M 2 2G Only the Pro 884 Max is sensitive to the version of 2 2G you have it s the ZCPR in ROM that s the problem If you have CP M 2 2F then you have a Normal CP M So before ordering the Max boot up your original system disk and read the sign on If it s CP M 2 2G then we need to know whether it is the high normal version or the low minus version To determine your G version you ll become a G Whiz A gt DDT lt cr gt L5 lt cr gt ddt s response The first line of the response will be a JMP D600 or a JMP D800 The JMP D600 means that you have a low minus version and the JMP D800 means that it s a normal version When you order your Pro 884 Max be sure to specify whether you want the normal Max or the minus Max Otherwise we ll just guess that you need the normal Max WE RE CLEARING THEM OUT ISSUE NO 1 8 81 Power Supply RAM Protection Video Wiggle 1 2 PFM PRN 16 pages ISSUE NO 2 10 81 Parailel Print Driver Drive Motor Control Shugart Jumpers Program Storage Above PFM 1 2 PFM PRN 16 pages ISSUE NO 3 12 81 4MHz Mods Configuring Modem 7 Safer Formatter Reverse Video Cursor FORTHwords Begins 16 pages ISSUE NO 4 2 82 Keyboard Trans
276. parture differential screen coords and sums them into focusy and focusx to generate true screen coords These are then stored in the array screenooord in the record ooord var temp real begin these next 5 lines rotate 0 degrees 90 degrees to the left I can t help it north must be up And I can t think in radians v radiansto v temp v convert to degrees and save it Af v gt 0 then v 90 v else v 360 360 v 90 v toradians v back to radians Latitude round scale cos v tr get up down vector if temp gt 0 then Latitude sabs Latitude apply the proper sign Departure round scale sin v r get back forth veotor store the coords scereencoord i x focusx Departure screencoord i y focusy Latitude eeerennnn procedure plotit plots and erases coords begin kaypro ESC sequence to write a pixel write 27 char soreencoord i y 32 char screencoord 1 x 32 if not orbiton then we want to erase the previous pixel kaypro ESC sequence to un write a pixel write 27 char screencoord 1 1 y 32 char screencoord i 1 x 32 end recat ee oe ew eee a ee AE procedure Plot focus plots the focus point begin write 27 char focusy 32 char focusx 32 end procedure getscale figures coords of the focus the orgin of the coords which is where the sun happens to be also assures that regardless of e the point
277. ponse S then startval startval Brate end set blink speed write Block or Underline Cursor b u repeat read Kbd response response Upcase response until response in B U writeln response if response Startval default is Block noblink U then startval Bottom Port Select Start Port Data startval Port Select Stop Port Data stopval Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 63 Turbo Pascal Inline Code From A PRN File By Jim Kircher Jim s Pascal Runoff entry wasn t a prize winner but its usefulness for low level work made it one of our favorites In particular check out Jim s use of Turbo Pascal s IORE SULT function It might keep one of your programs from crashing Note there s more than one way to skin assembly language See the Pascal Column for another way of assembling Turbo inline code Turbo Pascal unlike Standard Pas cal allows you to insert low level machine code into your high level Pas cal source via its INLINE feature By writing some machine instructions yourself instead of letting Turbo translate all the Pascal source to ma chine language you can make your programs run almost as fast as assem bled code I favor using Pascal source for every thing but the tight loops and very low level byte bit manipulations Here very small relocatable subprograms can be assembled and included
278. portable however but it will look VERY sophisticated Books I m not going to try to teach you everything about ICs and signals and so forth If you re already comfortable reading schematics using a logic probe and scope great If not here s where you get to take a bit of a detour Trying to diagnose a system using wiggling lines without knowing any thing about gates or signals or micro processors would be like learning as sembly language without understanding binary octal or hexad ecimal For those of you near a technical college the best option would be to find an evening course or just a text book on microcomputer theory If you re not close to a college Heathkit has some very good microprocessor courses They re on the expensive side but quite well done It s best but not necessary to get a course for the processor you ll be learning Excellence A few other books that ll get you started but aren t as complete as I d like are Inside the IBM PC available everywhere and IBM PC Troubleshoot ing and Repair by Robert C Brenner Sams The Troubleshooting and Re pair book is aimed at getting you up and servicing immediately but its use of service trees replace U whats its name if that doesn t cure the problem replace U whose its face can leave you more confused than enlightened if the suggestions don t work Avoid that part of the manual if possible If you have a
279. ppy controller board Xerox 5 1 4 disk drive cable Xerox internal video harness with brightness control Parallel ASCI keyboard no numeric pad with docs PC mount power connector for 820 board Dual half height 5 1 4 disk drives new DSDD 48 TPI in cabinet with Xerox standard cable Dual half height 5 disk drives new DSQD 96 TPI in cabinet with Xerox standard cable We guarantee satisfaction on all of our products or your money back Include 4 00 shipping and handling 6 00 for COD add 3 00 for Blue Label Phone hours 8 30am to 5 00pm weekdays modem hours 10 00pm to 8 00 am seven days a week WE SUPPORT OUR CUSTOMERS Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 Is single density making your Xerox 820 1 feel crowded DOUBLE DENSITY FOR THE XEROX 820 1 OR BIG BOARD Clearly the most versatile double density package available for the 820 1 Lets you run up to four disk drives at once and mix 5 1 4 amp 8 Runs almost all Kaypro and Xerox 820 software Supports all standard printers and most add ons such as the Ferguson ram board Our ROM sets operate in banked mode to allow more space in the TPA for your programs You get Mini monitor functions autoboot capability automatic disk identification up to 19 formats built in IOBYTE enabled for device selections and you can read and write 48 TPI disks on 96 TPI disk drives X120 Board assembled and tested with ROM set X120 Board full k
280. pts during read access Initialization If I wanted to write my own modem module to attach to a general commu nications program there are usually five modules required initialization receive status transmit status receive SINGLE BOARD HIGH PERFORMANCE ENCLOSURE FOR 820 BIG BOARD OR OTHER SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER High Res 12 Motorola Monitor Big 200 Watt Power Supply All Wired Up amp Ready To Slide in Your SBC A BEST BUY Beautiful Keytronics full parallel ASCII hooks right up to 820 or BB Keyboard with numeric keypad function keys A Best Buy 39 00 Extra for Keyboard Enclosure 15 00 MONITOR ONLY 2 00 c cece eee eee nee 59 00 BIG POWER SUPPLY ONLY 00605 35 00 MATRIX KEYBOARDS 000 eee 15 00 8 Disk Drive Shugart 810 Half Height 99 00 2 8 Disk Drives in Enclosure with power 299 00 2 5 Disk Drives in Enclosure 169 00 character and transmit character Ini tialization was described last time plus baud rate in this article For the COM channel port 04 is data port 06 is control See Figure 2 Notice how handshake for incoming outgoing characters is handled with only two bits More advanced applica tions use interrupts so the processor can do other things besides being stuck in a loop between characters XEROX 820 1 COMPUTERS ENTIRE 820 1 SYSTEM IN ENCLOSURE WITH KE
281. puter Portable Philips Computer choose tHe SYSTEM THAT S RIGHT FOR YOU FREE Software Included Wordstar Wordprocessor e Calcstar Spreadsheet 22 we Data Plot Graphics Program 805 393 4 r q MS DOS 2 11 CP M 80 operating systems Se BASIC Microsoft BASIC Dual SWK I EENET OES eN S699 All systems carry full 90 day warranty Check in advance Add 3 for VISA MC 8087 Math Processor optional Shipping amp handling charges will be added to each order 64K RAM under CP M Plus 32K RAM for video i Graphics 512x252 pixels Alpha 24x80 plus attributes CASH PRICE ONLY For our catalog with complete SASI interface built in works with 10 meg OWL details and prices send 1 00 to Micro Supply Organization Inc 2 Serial ports bi directional ASYNC amp BSYNC 60K bit sec 4909 Stockdale Hwy 180 9 Green screen or optional external monitor Bakersfield CA 93309 The S 100 Bus By Dave Hardy If you re having trouble remembering how to make holes in your memory or if you can t keep your windows clean it s clear that you need to read on Dave definitely knows how to do windows One of the banes of the S 100 user is the utility board with on board memory Many EPROM programmers video boards CPU boards disk con trollers and other S 100 components especially older non IEEE 696 cards require a section of the system ad dressing space that isn t available es pecially if the user has a single board
282. quired to build the planter writeln end procedure calculateOneSide planter description procedure setUpBoard var board boardImage planter description procedure setUpImage var workBoard boardImage planter description procedure setUpCenterLineOfPlanter var board boardImage planter description begin create the center points of the top and bottom of the planter with board do begin topCenter x 0 topCenter y 0 topCenter z planter height 2 bottomCenter x 0 bottomCenter y 0 bottomCenter z planter height 2 end end begin setUpImage set up figure representing a side of the planter along with the top and bottom center points of the planter setUpSide workBoard figure planter 1 setUpCenterLineOfPlanter workBoard planter end procedure moveCornerOneToOrigin var board boardImage var corner integer procedure translate var vpoint point offset point begin with vpoint do begin alter the coordinates of vpoint by the value of the coordinates of offset offset is usually the new origin x offset x y offset y Z offset z ae moveCornerOneToOrigin adjust all points so that corner one of the figure is at the origin for corner 2 to 4 do translate board figure corner board figure 1J translate board topCenter board figure 1 translate board bottomCenter board figure 1 translate boa
283. r bottomDistance distanceBetweenPoints midbottom bottomCenter angleOfSideToVertical 57 2958 abs arctan topDistance bottomDistance planter height calculate angle procedure boardDimensions board boardImage planter description function distanceBetweenPoints a b point real begin end end units of distance between two points in a three dimensional coordinate system Procedure drawFlatView top bottom center real distanceBetweenPoints procedure setPoint var p point px py pz real sqrt sqr a x b x sqr a y b y sqr a z b z begin end with p do begin Procedure midPoint var varPoint point a b point X t px begin y t py Zz t pZ returns varPoint as the point midway between two points end H a three dimensional coordinate system end varPoint x a x b x 2 var varPoint y a y b y 2 figure figureOf4 varPoint z a z 6 z 2 secreenOrigin twoDPoint location of origin on screen end imageSize real largest size image displayed function topWidth board boardImage real begin length of top edge of side of the planter with board do topWidth distanceBetweenPoints figure 1 figurel2 end function bottomWidth board boardImage real begin drawFlatView draw flat view of board from dimensions screenOrigin x 11 screenOrigin y 70 0 if top gt bottom then beg
284. r ADDRESS New Renewal USERS DISKS please specify CITY ses V s STATE ZIP KAYPRO SCHEMATIC PACKAGES please specify s Are you a current subscriber to BACK ISSUES Check ad for available issues Micro Cornucopia g yes E no fs D Check or money order enclosed T SHIRT specify S M L XL 8 50 U S funds only drawn on a U S bank Prices include postage Air Mail for Other foreign FREE CATALOG Make checks payable to MICRO CORNUCOPIA What kind of computer do you own operate Card No O Visa O MasterCard Signature P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 Order Number 9 5 PST 503 382 5 1 Information 9 Noon QORQQOL SOD e ESO PQORKIOOO OQ SRK RSE BOND LSS ISSO SOR SOSI KSEI IID ADVERTISER S INDEX The Micro C MS DOS Library MS 1 Essential Utilities SWEEP LU86403 LDIR103 WHEREIS SQUEEZE UNSQUEEZE WASH MS 2 Cheap Assembler amp Disassembler CHASM ASMGEN MEMBRAIN UNWORDSTAR FSPOOL RAMDISK SDIR SDIR SOURCE MS 3 Adventure The original and most cussed adventure in C with source MS 4 Single User RBBS A decent bulletin board with source MS 5 File amp Directory Utilities UTIL Z VTYPE ST PROTECT UNPROTECT MS 6 fig FORTH We combined fig FORTH source MS 7 with this disk so you get both on one disk for 12 00 MS 8 Super Games CASTLE a graphic and conversational adventure note there s a bug that changes the game once it s been saved TREKRUN Star T
285. r run gigantic applications or share files with several users But I didn t expect to Only minis did all that Well no longer MIPSy We ve got micros that out mini many minis you heard it here first If the mini users don t stop and look down pretty quickly they won t be able to They ll be looking up Micros are within a hare s breath of standing whisker to whisker with the fastest DECs 8600 class There will always be a market for minis After all look at all the software It ll still be expensive and hard to use but that hasn t been a problem so far For the price of a dozen micros a year and Peter s jacket you get a service contract that ll guarantee your mini a dose of chamomile tea every time it goes picking lettuce in Mr McGregor s garden How much time do the minis have left Good question The 32032 isn t exactly sitting on its hands right now Trevor has 4 MBytes stuffed onto the board and George is just finishing up the virtual memory code which effectively raises the total to 15 MBytes the winchester looks like part of memory Trevor says this scheme is easier and faster than using overlays Also National has first silicon on the 32332 At 15 MHz it runs identical object code three times as fast as the 32032 National is also working on tying a new floating point processor to the 332 That processor will do a 64 bit Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 math operation
286. r screencoord 1i 1 x 32 label top run start cont program segment labels for gasp goto s const focusy integer 50 the middle of the screen speed integere75 initial orbit speed 75 ms delay 4 Scale properly chosen to fit the screen To get you started I ve set up several orbits including Halley s comet s to run from a menu When you tire of these you can easily create your own keeping in mind 1 Values of e must be in the range 0 0 999 2 Values of a can assume any positive number usually in 1 40 3 Values of step are integers and must be in the range 1 360 4 Values of scale are integers experiment How It Works ORBIT is always in one of two phases When it s computing it calculates and stores screen coordinates in an array Pressing any key during this process aborts the operation and re turns you to the Top Menu See Figure 1 When it s displaying it reads the screen coordinates from the array and plots the new positions Procedure GetCoords is in effect a polar rectangular conversion routine another of Turbo s missing scientific type coords record x integer y integer end Box 1212 RR 1 N Whitefield ME 04353 functions It takes V and R angle and distance and computes Latitude and Departure differential screen coordi nates and sums them into Focusy and Focusx to generate true screen coordi nates These are then
287. rague Torney Toso Wakefield Weinberger Wilcox Witte Woolley 103 ENTRIES CRYPTO ADAPTINT COMPAXIT EASYASPI MENUMAKE RADIX REMIND PHONE SLITF INPUT SCREEN RESCUE FX100 POSTER NEON CATALOG MODEM TD DISPLAY DUMP SPLIT TWOSIDES PRINT FANFOLD MAP CNS DBLJOTTO CALEND DIAMOND CLOCK PRINTER PROBE GENCHARFILE MORTGAGE PRINTIT CLINK oT DECODE LONGMATH XREFP VSORT FASTFONT TRADE SRT PLANTER SUNPOS KEYCH INCLUDE SAVER PAMPHLET DRAW1 MAILLIST GENERAL UTILITIES PACKAGE game solve integrals removes spaces in BAS file calculate pi menu generator base conversion appointment calendar phone number DB file splitter string input routines screen generator recover Turbo source from memory printer utility prints posters 84 Kaypro graphic display disk catalog system communications directory improved CP M TYPE dump modify utility split Hex files print both sides of paper file printer print both sides of paper 14 yr old word game multi base calculator game calendar printer 84 Kaypro graphic display access Kaypro clock printer utility disk editor create DUNGEONS characters calculate mortgage payments configure printer transfer spreadsheet to spreadsheet overtime scheduler decrypt MBASIC file long integer math cross reference generator for text files sort utility printer utility game sorting routine design planter boxes determine solar intensity rec
288. ram for MSC ICO ADD 50 Completely faster than other Z80SBC MSC HCS Expansion card tor ICO RAM disk upto 2M byte and SCSI hard disk interface card for ICO with instailation program SUPPLY ORGANIZATION INC iternative The SANYO complete word processing system The alternative for WANG Xerox or any dedicated word processing system At Micro Supply Organization we offer the lowest prices on Sanyo computers and software With prices like these you can afford the convenience of owning and operating more than one computer We also offer the User Support Hotline for questions concerning your computer or about software availability Whether you need one or a dozen computers Micro Supply Organization is the place to get them The MBC 1250 Accounting Software We carry a complete line of ADS accounting business software Buy G L A R A P Inventory and receive the Payroll module FREE The current retail price is 398 per module Now from MSO you pay only 99 per module COMPAT Read write and format over 50 different CP M and MS DOS disks on your MBC 1250 CP M computer 79 59 with purchase of MBC 1250 USER SUPPORT HOT LINE 805 393 2247 All systems carry full 90 day warranty CASH PRICE ONLY Check in advance Add 3 for VISA MC Shipping amp handling charges will be added to each order For our catalog with complete details and prices send 1 00 to Micro Supply Organization I
289. rd figure 1 board figure 1 end procedure tiltBoard var board boardImage planter description var corner integer angleOfEdgeToPlanterCenterLine real procedure rotateXZ var vpoint point rotation real var scratchX real begin the image may be rotated in the XZ plane by using rotateX for X coordinate values and rotateY for Z values with vpoint do begin scratchX x x t rotateX x z rotation z t rotateY scratchX z rotation end end begin tiltBoard the image has to have an egde along the Z axis to measure the egde bevel if the top and bottom diameters are equal the edge is already on the Z axis if planter topDiameter lt gt planter bottomDiameter then begin figure the angle an edge of the planter will make with the center line of the planter with planter do if height 0 then angleOfEdgeToPlanterCenterLine 1 5708 90 degrees in radians else angleOfEdgeToPlanterCenterLine arctan topDiameter 2 bottomDiameter 2 height rotate each point in the figure and the top and bottom center points so that corner three of the side of the planter is on the Z axis for corner 1 to 4 do rotateXZ board figure corner angleOfEdgeToPlanterCenterLine rotateXZ board topCenter angleOfEdgeToPlanterCenterLine rotateX2 board bottomCenter angleOfEdgeToPlanterCenterLine end end procedure drawIt figure figureOfh sizeFactor
290. rders received by 6 PM CS oan usually be delivered to you by the next moming via Federal Express Standard Air 6 00 or Priority One 13 00 First read and copy the Pascal source header coded as comments in beginning of assembler source after skipping all leading non comment lines Copy required begin and inline to output then process input line by line until tend statement detected Finally write closing parenthesis and end to output rate tx ibd ao INEXPENSIVE CP M PRODUCTS readln m80_lst inpline if length inpline gt asm start then if inpline asm_start then inheader true end get_proc_name procstart while inheader do begin writeln pas_include copy inpline asm_start 1 255 readin m80_lst inpline inheader length inpline gt asm start and inpline asm_start New warranted equipment only RS e Full product support ee Fix for CP M 8MB barrier Special dealer and volume pricing HARD DISK UPGRADE KITS Internally installed 10MB 995 40MB 2 550 end writeln pas_include begin writeln pas_include inline rans t process_line 20MB eeoeceee 1 550 70MB eoeeee 4 800 readin m80_lst inpline OO OO OO eit ae MAJOR SISTEM UEGRADE FOR Ra peer frou o Z80 COMPUTERS CP M 3 0 CP M 3 0is a powerful upgrade system to CP M procedure close_files 1 0 22 for those who require a fast and sophisti e E cated programming data pro
291. re s some really great stuff here All we have to do is check out the code the documentation the user interface by SOG guaranteed Meanwhile keep those cards and letters and ideas and programs coming Being in the middle of this even if I m the last man in is the best antidote to burnout I know of But then who s going to burn anything with all that snow out there We ve received a number of letters suggesting different ways of figuring the royalties and pricing the products Some really good ideas see the Letters for one sugges tion have already shown up but if you have an idea or opinion we re still interested Dealers Exposed Streets Safer The Turn In A Dealer Department here at Micro C has already received many hot tips on dealers who should have Micro C on their newsstands and book racks If you want to participate in this motherhood and apple pie campaign please jot down names and addresses of aforementioned establishments and drop them to Turn In A Dealer Department Micro Cornucopia PO Box 223 Bend OR 97709 We send the dealers information about selling Micro C plus you receive a certificate good for one disk any public domain disk for each of your dealers that decides to stock us Micro C Gets Second Class Rating Only 10 months after we made application to mail at 2nd class rates we got confirmation from the post office that we are indeed a magazine and that we can mai
292. re IEEE 696 systems EARTH COMPUTERS also manufac turers a growing line of PC com patible stellar performers such as e TURBOSLAVE PC an 8 MHz Z 80 single board slave processor that runs CP M applications on a PC and is compatible with the TurboDOS multi user operating system e TURBOACCEL 286 a high performance 80286 accelerator that boosts PC performance up to five times e EARTHNET PC and EARTHNET S 100 the low cost ARCNET compatible way to tie PC and S 100 systems together To put these stars to work for you call or write EARTH COMPUTERS BE SURE TO ASK ABOUT HOW YOU CAN WIN A FREE Z 80 CO PROCESSOR BOARD P O Box 8067 Fountain Valley CA 92728 eTELEX 910 997 6120 EARTH FV ePHONE 7 14 964 5784 Comdex The Tale Of One Large City By David Thompson Sandy and I took 100 copies of issue 27 to Comdex two large boxes full of magazines I returned with those same two boxes both full of press releases product announcements and weeples small fuzzy animals that frequent major computer shows The weeples were cute and innocent Jennifer and Erin collect them the hype in the releases and announce ments wasn t nearly as cute or inno cent But then what did we expect from the Hard Shaftner amp Sharks set Las Vegas is an interesting place to hold a computer show First the ho tels don t particularly like us computer folk because we don t gamble But I don t think the
293. re detailed information UNIFIED SOFTWARE SYSTEMS P O Box 21294 Columbus OH 43221 0294 614 459 7735 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 MAKE YOUR IBM PC KAYPRO COMPATIBLE Intersecting Concepts Announces 3 Solutions To Solve Your Computer Incompatibility Bx will it work on my computer Yes Finally there are three easy ways to exchange information transfer files and run CP M software on MS DOS machines 1 MEDIA MASTER is our direct disk to disk format conversion program Already an accepted industry standard this 39 95 program uses simple screen prompts that lets you read write d d format up to 70 different 51 4 diskettes from CP M MS DOS and PC DOS operating systems So if you work on a IBM PCompatible at the office but use a CP M computer at home now you can easily transfer files that would otherwise be foreign to your computer s operating system 2 MEDIA MASTER PLUS goes one step further by converting 8 bit CP M software to run on 16 bit MS DOS and PC DOS machines This newly released 59 95 product combines our IBM PC version of Media Master with ZP EM a powerful new emulation program The results are amazing CP M programs using 8080 instructions and data can be transfered from popular computers like Osborne Kaypro and Zenith to run on MS DOS and PC DOS machines 3 ACCELER 8 16 is also new and dramatically improves the performance of Media Master Plus by
294. regularly 129 now only 95 high quality 4 Side switch flip top complete 10MB Kit special only 450 e complete internal 2 high 10MB kit inci controller and cables special 450 e complete 10MB kit with low power 3 12 half high drive fits 5 14 slots 485 20MB half high drive HD 2 now 445 HARDWARE SPECIALS keyboard 5150 style regularly 125 Model KB 3 only 90 keyboard 5151 style regularly 195 Model KB 3 only 129 memory nine 150ns DRAMs Set ID 64 64K reg 8 now 5 Set ID 264 264K reg 55 now 39 no better DS DD drives anywhere Sanyo 48tpi F 4 99 F 9 96tpi 129 MOTHERBOARDS full IBM PC XT compatibility 8 I O slots runs IBM s PC DOS 3 1 BASIC inter preter available great foundation for business or personal system 1 year warranty Model MB 1 256K motherboard with OK regularly 295 now 220 Model MB 3 640K motherboard with OK regularly 399 now 290 Model MB 2 640K motherboard 4 77 and 6 67MHz clock w 256K Reg 449 now 399 w OK Reg 409 now 369 this is a fast board LAST MINUTE SPECIALS ONTI hard disk controller up to 2 drives with cables super fast 175 floppy disk controller any mix 1 to 4 reg 48tpi or 96tpi quad drives 74 Hercules equiv monochrome graphics card runs 123 etc w printer port 145 multifunction 384K RAM clk cal amp S P game ports w OK 145 w 384K 170 COMPLETE IBN PC CONPATIBLE SYSTEM 256K RAM keyb
295. rek Command adventure and BOUNCING BABY a finger exercise Ware Tools For Investors Advanced Concepts Engineering Ampro Computers Anaheim Software Andratech BD Software BV Engineering Boriand International inside Front Cover Cascade Electronics 79 C C Software Computer Helper Industries Computer Journal Computer Surplus Store Computing Technology Consumertronics Craig s Computers The Data Mill Desktop Publishing Digital Dynamics Digital Research Earth Computers Echelon Inc Emerald Microware Epic Sales E2 Computer Ferguson Engineering Forbes Engineering Hawthorne Technology Holliston Computer The ICU Group Integral Systems Integrand intersecting Concepts Kamasoft Kenmore Computer Technologies KYSO Technology Laboratory Microsystems L Band Systems Manx Software Micro Art Programmers MicroCode Microcomputer Systems Micro Cornucopia 92 93 101 102 103 MicroGlyph Systems 83 Micromint Microprocessors Unlimited MicroSphere Micro Supply Mitek National Public Domain Software Oliver Computers Orr CORP 66 io ites cw hee se eee 46 Back Cover MS 9 PC Musician Pascal Games Calculator You might call this an educational disk PC MUSICIAN teaches you music while you re writing songs They play right on the PC 15 PASCAL GAMES with source The games aren t memorable but they are good examples of Turbo code we in
296. ress passed to function start at upper lefthand character if charQ gotoxy item 0x10 XDISPL item 0x10 CHARDISPL else gotoxy item 0x10 XDISPL 3 item 0x10 YDISPL eennnee hexit hi lo char hi lo histoupper hi lo toupper lo anne grabchar which display PEREREER return 0x10 hi lt A hi 0 lo lt A lo 0 7 2 that 1 loop around if item gt Ox7f or item lt 0 convert two hex chars to integer e ge f gt 255 10 hi A 10 lo A return bdos 1 0 direct character fetch no buffering isxdigit c is digit possible as part of hex char c return c gt 0 amp amp c lt 9 J c gt A amp amp c lt tFt Jf od a l amp amp o lt f mnnnunnstt gotoxy x y int x y printf 33 S0 e x y For Kaypro A move complex interrupt 10h call for IBM PC Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 moving about the screen with a cur sor I wrote the code in Figure 1 The next day I glanced at the change function and knew that my default section would be opaque in two months The array elements fill up the line so much that the logic is obscured Moreover the gotoxy ex pressions compound the mess Now take a look at Figure 2 By inventing two rather self documenting functions and by employing a character pointer to access the array I made
297. rk you owe it to yourself to get OUT THINK But for some people enough is never enough Some like the challenge others need the power For you we have the KAMAS Combo Pack You get OUT THINK s ease of use coupled with the extra horsepower of the KAMAS programming environment And both use the same outline files Rush me my choices now OUT THINK the simple and 95 aeu n 49 KAMAS 95 Dp Sewmwe 999 KAMAS COMBO PACK the power and the Sor 1 2995 Includes S H U S amp Canada Overseas add 10 for OUT THINK 30 for KAMAS or COMBO PACK special introductory KAMAS owners Send us your master disk and 25 for OUT THINK me am O 39 i Payment Enclosed Card No Exp Date Signature Name Address City State Zip Telephone Our software is available for most CP M computers Tell us about yours Computer Make Model Disk Size 5 SSDD o 5 DSDD 1 8 SSSD Requirements CP M 2 2 or above 48K TPA Minimum 200K of disk storage 80 column x 24 line screen Note KAMAS requires 56K TPA and Z80 processor Terms All orders prepaid PO s accepted when accompanied by payment Foreign checks must be drawn on US banks in US funds MAIL ORDERS TO KAMASOFT 2525 SW 224th Ave Dept 111 PO Box 5549 Aloha OR 97007 CALL IN YOUR ORDER 503 649 3765 ED on no CR ED EN En En ED an aD ee np ee es es es es ER ee ee umm Wordstar is a registered trademark of
298. rn out for the last meeting Sixty three and 8 drives r e Measures 4 x 74 with mounting holes computers brought their owners t One Centronics Printer Port I smile Our youngest drops a spoonful of peas into his lap eT RS232C Serial Port 1 r1 11 E TI6 19 200 badn th coAwle DOR He turns a page Hey he exclaims happily I can turn the computer on auto baud rate select without touching the on off switch You just type TURNON re eae ere I don t get it says our eldest How can you type on it when it s off 12V 20 40mA He doesn t answer The potatoes have stopped steaming The peas are starting e ZCPR3 CP M 2 2 3 compatible hrivel Multiple disk formats supported to shrivel e Menu based system customization If I had a modem then I could leave messages at a computerized bulletin geval oe TS board and if John had a modem then we could both leave messages and talk to SB180 computer board w 256K each other by computer bytes RAM and ROM a I wonder if it s cheaper than a long distance phone call but I don t dare ask A ee eg Explanations have a tendency to cause arguments or at best become boring SB 180 1 20 T same as above w ZCPR3 ZRDOS He continues reading Moai come in many different flavors and BIOS source 499 00 Chocolate and vanilla asks our daughter Quantity discounts available He peers at her over the newsletter and then patientl
299. rrors What good is a computer if you can t get out what you put in Al though it does look impressive on the desk I finally stumbled onto the T com mand So far I have transferred a file of 9K into the memory buffer of the Kaypro and everything went smooth ly Editor s note Terminal mode works be cause there are no checking or handshaking start stop characters inserted into the data or expected from the other system Terminal mode transfers are usually limit ed to moving ASCII text between two systems which are directly connected The size of the transferred file is limited to the amount of RAM buffer space available within the modem program Set the following on both the Kay pro and the Geneva baud rate I use 1200 data bits 8 stop bits 1 parity none To set the Kaypro you have to use an editor to change the MKP4 10 ASM file I used WordStar Instructions are in the ASM file To set the Geneva use its CONFIG program Everything is explained very well in the documen tation 1 Bring up your own modified and assembled version of the MKP4 10 ASM file on the Kaypro I named mine EPSON COM and type in T lt fileref gt with a lt CR gt Now that you re in terminal mode with Memory buffer available simply hit AY and received characters will be stored in the memory buffer AR will turn off the collection Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 2 Bri
300. rs Since WARE does not sell a system but gives users the tools to develop their own best strategies there is no concern about too many users spoiling the system M A G I C provides a vir tually unlimited number of buy and Sell strategies to yield an optimized result for each vehicle studied Yet this vast output is readily managed by a few input parameters M A G I C s flexibility enables the selected strategy to range from simple to very sophisticated Investors familiar with moving averages will put the M A G I C oscillators to effective use immediately Novices will quickly appreciate the potential of com puterized investing and the opportunity to learn on paper before risking their capital All users will enjoy watching capital accumulating on the screen during a profitable trading run But M A G 1 C is not a game it is a professional tool to help investors at al levels of experience and skill improve the profitability of their investments M A G I C is menu driven and very user friendly Com plete instructions are provided in a clearly written 65 page illustrated Manual And after sale telephone con sultation is available if needed Some investment back ground is helpful but not necessary since the basic elements of technical trading systems are covered in the Manual M A G I C software is very affordable Price of the 3 module package is a tax deductible 79 95 83 45 postpaid A super working demo Little
301. rser help goto top end rots elrser to start Qt begin quit switch _statusline off switch _cursor on halt end end case this section gets user input values for custom orbits start jump here to get user input statusline end if not firstime repeat gotoxy 1 1 clreol write Enter semi major axis readln input if not firstime then begin if input R or input r then begin gotoxy 1 1 clreol switch cursor off goto run end end if not firstime statusline repeat begin if Anput R or input r then begin gotoxy 1 1 clreol switch_cursor off goto run end end if not firstime val input step code if code gt 0 or step lt t then write G until code 0 and step gt 1 gotoxy 30 25 write Ms repeat val input e code if code gt 0 or e gt 1 or e lt 0 then write G until code 0 and e lt 1 and e gt 0 gotoxy 1 25 write te e 4 4 val input a code if code gt 0 or a lt 0 then write G until codes0 and a gt 0 gotoxy 15 25 write a a 4 4 we have good a gotoxy 1 1 clreol write Enter step readln input if not firstime then we have good e step 4 deg we have good step i 1 info false switch_cursor on repeat gotoxy 1 1 write Enter clreol ecentricity read input if not firstime then we already have an arrayfull begin if inpu
302. rwise would be unsuitable See Listing 2 on page 72 Correction Issue 27 s Pascal Procedures Listing 1 was not pasted up correctly On page 62 the center third of the listing beginning with At this point and ending at end should be inserted just before End of Listing on page 63 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 71 Pascal Procedures Listing 2 v Allow any length string as procedure parameter program include_from m80 Written for CP M 80 Turbo Pascal Version 3 Author John P Jones October 1985 This program takes as input a listing file generated by Microsoft s M80 assembler and outputs a Pascal source file The Pascal procedure function heading and declarations are assumed to be coded as comments in the beginning of the assembler source Identifiers defined in Pascal are passed to M80 with an extrn statement and all internal labels are resolved for Pascal const code_start 11 M80 listing column where code starts asm_start 33 M80 listing column where asm source starts maxinp 132 length of max input line type anystr string 255 var m80_lst pas_include text continue char function open_files boolean Prompt for input listing file name If null input exit If no extension specified add the default extension PRN Prompt for output file name If null input use input file name with file extension INC If input w
303. s Call SASE for detailed spec sheet Electrovalue Indus trial Inc Box 376 MC Morris Plains NJ 07950 201 267 1117 TF Public Domain UG Software Rental CP M UG Vol 1 92 on 46 8 flippies 45 SIG M UG Vol 1 240 on 108 8 flippies 155 PICONET Vol 1 34 on 17 8 flippies 25 Pascal Z UG Vol 1 25 13 8 flippies 25 KUG Charlottesville 39 disks 25 IBM PC SIG 1 390 PC DOS 410 PC Blue 1 175 MS DOS 154 directory disks 5 PP Also available on 209 5 25 formats Rental is for 7 days after receipt with 3 more days grace for return Credit cards accepted preferred Down loading disk format conversions Call User Group Software Automatic Update Service 7 50 per 2 volume set PP 619 727 1015 info 24 hrs 619 941 0925 9 5 National Public Domain Soft ware Center 1533 Avohill Vista CA 92083 TF TBKUG DataCOM Super Systems tm proudly announces the arrival of the new SUPER Sys tem The remote multi user database for the novice the semi pro or seasoned hacker Let your modem be your guide to the most current public domain for CP M 80 MS PC DOS Turbo DOS Turbo Pascal Big Board MEX ZCPR3 CP M 86 BASIC Assembler Kaypro WordPro and many other special interests We are open 24 hours a day and accept 300 1200 and 2400 baudrates This is a multi user TurboDOS based S 100 system featuring state of the art equipment and dedicated to serving all your telecommunica tions needs Membership fees
304. s Send self addressed stamped envelope for our complete list Terms All orders are F O B Hayward Ca Pre Payment or C 0 D Ca Residents add sales tax Prices subject to change without notice Quantities limited to stock E COMPUTER PRODUCTS 2273 American Ave 8 Hayward CA 94545 415 786 9203 OUTSTANDING PROGRAMS For Your CP M 2 2 System iiisge E 39 95 Bring the power of a mainframe spooler to your CP M 2 2 system AutoSpool 80 features Nearly unlimited storage capacity e Multiple copies e Printer controls including pause for next page resume print from middle of job and presettable configuration of pitch and lines per inch e Smart file handling including control of printing order wild cards in file names and individual cancelling CHAIN2 15 00 At last Run a your COM files from menus arranged any way you like nested to any level No modifications to COM files re quired CHAIN2 chains to your COM file then causes it to chain back to the menu when it exits Menu program supplied DUMPREL 15 00 Displays the contents of your REL relocatable files These files are the output of many assemblers and compilers used for linking into COM files BANNER 15 00 Prints your message sideways in big block letters Variable size characters Requires no special printer Composes characters with a second message ALL OF THE ABOVE 59 95 Sa 30 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE VISA ANAHEIM SOFT
305. s and tables Designed to save YOU Thousands ONLY 15 ittle relationship be PRINTER amp PLOTTER features and control DMA Co processing Etc Etc One of the beauties of the 8088 is its almost presidential skill at delegating authority To transfer data between I O devices and memory for example it can call on the DMA Direct Memory Access chip saying Take this much information from here and stick it there The DMA takes over the address data and some of the control lines and transfers information from memo ry address to memory address or between memory and I O without mi croprocessor intervention Similarly if a co processor like the math 8087 can handle a job the 8088 passes control using status lines QSO and QS1 or RQ GTO and RQ GT1 As the system becomes more com plex the 8088 farms out more tasks and the smart ICs the 8237 DMA the 8259A interrupt controller the 8255 parallel I O circuit etc etc take COMPUTER PHREAKING E According to the FBI less than 5 of all DISCOVERED com puter crimes result in conviction Computer crime or Phreaking costs Billions per year and is clearly one of the most dangerous yet most profitable and least risky of all crimes COMPUTER PHREAKING describes in detail 1 Dozens of computer crime methods Schemes include Input Transaction Manipulation File Alteration amp Substitu tion Unauthorized Software Modification Code
306. s for this TOTAL averages to time buys and selis on the overall market or i System Requirements CP M systems 64 K with MBASIC on individual securities is the oldest most reliable J PC MS DOS 128 K with BASICA GWBASIC method yet devised And by computerizing the weli i 132 column printer 8 5 with compressed pitch is OK exploit recurring price cycles by buying lower and sell ing higher than the majority of traders Use of moving developed moving average trading rules M A G I C develops systems that are optimized for each vehicle I and investor need USING THE M A G I C l aame COMPUTERIZED INVESTING TOOLS Effective use of M A G I C takes no more time than your ADDRESS life style and investment needs dictate A retiree aiming to maximize total return on invested capital might profit ably devote an hour a day A typically busy working individual with long term objectives might spend as little as 15 minutes per month and in that time make the I highest hourly rate imaginable Another investor might track a group of 12 funds on a weekly basis in no more than 20 minutes per week In contrast a day trader could i devote up to 10 hours a week in trading securities or commodities COMPUTER amp DISC FORMAT Phone during West coast business hours if you have ques tions about M A G EC SS om ap mo ms ue aa am s ai There are as many ways to apply M A G I C s capabil ities as there are use
307. s network is currently active on the ARPA net A few Software designers at least like what they ve seen and heard the Amiga do despite AmigaDOS crashes They re confident Cube Root Retakes Many of you have offered simpler solutions to Cheung Kwan s Cube Root Function Future Tense issue 27 The simplest uses Turbo Pascal s built in LN and EXP functions to eval uate a Number Num to a power Expnt root Exp Ln Num Expnt power Exp Ln Num Expnt So a FUNCTION cbrt can be written FUNCTION cbrt Num real real BEGIN IF x 0 THEN cbrt 0 ELSE cbrt exp ln Num 3 END Thanks bunches to Richard Barnhart Mike Bordelon David Pickett Eric Torney Charles Kusmirek Jim Kirch er Jeff Wells and Mark Bohn for their contributions Hard Disk For Z80s If you re aching to control a hard disk with your Kaypro or Big Board Advanced Concepts in Boca Raton Florida has a reasonably priced solu tion 395 gets you a 5 megabyte full height drive MWC controller soft ware documents two 1 5 drive ca bles and support in a neatly pack aged speedy bundle It s a steal The MWC controller works with 5 10 and 20 meg internal and external drives I asked Grant Newland Advanced Concepts designer how they designed the controller Normally the WD1010 is mated to a number of WD specialty LSIs and an extraordinary number of other parts It s a sophisticat
308. s subject to change without notice C O D Prepaid or Master Card or Visa orders only NO OPEN ACCOUNTS NO FOREIGN ORDERS PLEASE component supply inc VV VV POWER SUPPLIES ACDC OEM 5N17 1 5V 17A 10x5 x5 14lbs Trygon LBS6 24 OV 4 8 6 8V 24A 6 x17 x8 36 Ibs Lambda LXS D 5 OV 5V 27 5A 7 2 x7 2x92 22 Ibs Sorenson SSD9 50 9V 50A switcher 7 x5 x12 13 Ibs Standard Power 200 B 12 12V 5A unregulated 4 x8 x5 12 Ibs ACDC 15N5 1 15V 5A 10 x4 x5 6tbs Standard Power 200 B 16 16V 12 5A unregulated 4 2 x8 4 x5 2 12 Ibs Sorenson SLC20 5 20V 5A 5 x3 x8 4ibs Sorenson SSD24 8 5 24V 8 5A 5 x3 x10 5 Ibs Astec AA11261 5V 6A 28V 1A unregulated switcher 7 2 x4 2 x2 130W power supply IBM PC compatible HB5 3 5V 3A Linear 4 x5 x2 CP411 5V 8A 5V 3A 12V 1 2A 12V 1A 24V 2 5A 5A surge 16 x5 x3 Linear Good for 8 Hard Disks and 5 4 Floppies CP417 5V 4A 12V 2 5A Avg 7 5A Surge Linear 8 2 x5 x3 Good for 5 Hard Disks ACDC 551 111 5V 8A 72V 1 7A Linear 11 x5 x3 Good for 5 Floppies or Low Current Hard Disks Osborne Power Supply 5V 2 5A 12V 2 02A 12V 1A Switcher 6 4 x4 x2 Good for 5 Flopies 18 00 CASES WITH POWER SUPPLIES For one full ht or two half ht 54 floppies For one full ht or two low pwr half ht hard disks 74 45 00
309. scal this routine would be read _file c if e gt and e lt then write c else write First one step then an if for the next In C this might be written a la Niklaus Wirth c getc _file if od amp amp e lt l 7 putchar c else putchar but a C aficionado is much more likely to nest the character acquisition and use the ternary operator putchar c getc _file gt amp amp e lt T Pes 3 Notice the inside out operation first evaluate the inmost parentheses so that c is loaded Then calculate the boolean and return the character from the appropriate alternative Then send it to the screen If the order of opera tions were not meticulously prescribed by the language the whole thing would trip over itself continued next page Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 25 C ing CLEARLY continued from page 25 Though the C routine would un doubtedly execute faster most of us will prefer the readability of the Pas cal If it runs just once who cares if you gain a millisecond or less But suppose you wanted to print out the file character by character until you reached an ASCII 4 In Pascal that would be repeat read _file c if ord c lt gt 4 then if c gt and e lt then write c else write until ord c 4 The code is getting gangly C im proves it thus while c getc _file I 4 p
310. separately ICX TOOLKIT ICX ISIS to CP M or MS DOS exchanger for MDS and iPDS each 89 ISE ISIS Emulator for CP M 89 CPM TM Digital Research MSDOS TM Microsot ISIS TM Intel Corp strung out that it will have to be parsed by a mental flowchart Who says C is innately obscure Figure 2 A More Readable Figure 1 teennnana change s struct SEC s char q 1 item charQ charptr display s for charQ item 0 charptr amp s gt byte item 0x10Jf item 0x10 if charQ charplace item else hexplace item switch q grabchar case Oxlb charQ IcharQ break case Oxd return case 0x8 item break case Oxa item 0x10 break case Oxb item 0x10 break case Oxc item break default if charQ charptr q else if isxdigit q amp amp isxdigit l grabchar charptr hexit q 1 charplace item putchar isprint charptr charptr hexplace item printf 02x c charptr amp Oxff itemZ0x10 z 7 t item item amp 0x7f eaanena hexplace byte int byte three bytes per character in the hex mode gotoxy byte 0x10 XDISPL 3 byte 0x10 YDISPL eaeenans charplace byte int byte gotoxy byte 0x10 XDISPL byte 0x10 CHARDISPL Note Code from Issue 27 Inside the Small C Compiler should read as follows Listing 2 page 25 from 23rd line down anchors away comment to 77th line CALL CBDOS insert after 26th lin
311. serving the west coast since 1968 1123 Valley Hours 9 6 Seattle WA 98109 Sat 9 5 PHONE 206 682 5025 Terms All orders are shipped F O B Seattie Wash C O D s are OK with cash or certified check MasterCard and Visa accepted On orders over 50 00 in the continental U S we pay the freight Ail advertised stems are subject to prior sale the X 16A gives you Out of This World Performance PLUS PC COMPATABILITY Features Kits e 8 MHz 80186 microprocessor with true PRICES 16 bit data bus e Not So Bare Board 250 00 e True PC compatability with our own custom e Quick Kit 0 0 cece eee eee 625 00 ROM BIOS and PC cardslots for the video Full Kit 0 0 ccceeeeeeeeeeees 750 00 of your choice e Standard 512K zero wait DRAM 640K or e Assembled and Tested 850 00 1M options e 128K Add On 000 80 00 8087 numeric coprocessor port e 1 2 MEG Pedon A ote AARTE E EE EA 200 00 e On board floppy disk controller for up to e XT Style Flip Top Enclosure 85 00 four 51 4 drives e 150 Watt Power Supply 135 00 e On board SCSI hard disk controller port e 514 48 TPI DS V2 Height Floppy Disk Drive 125 00 e 8087 2 Coprocessor Board Call Designed Manufactured and Serviced by Total Solutions Assembled and Tested Systems P O Box 128 904 North 6th Street MOND on ti bel Tt aot 1 865 00 f ncludes
312. sfalse M 0 if not orbiton then begin clrsacr getscale end while M lt 360 do begin M toradians M degrees to radians compute_it compute the position getcoords plotit compute the screen coords and plot them M radiansto M M M step d 4 1 increment M and array index if keypressed then abort begin switch_statusline off goto top restart program end end this section cycles through the array and fastplots the orbit max i 1 1 info false firstime sfalse init run time variables cont jump here to fastplot screen coords repeat begin plotit delay speed d4s2i41 if ismax then i 22 if thru array then start over end until keypressed read kbd ch case upcase ch of Qt begin Quit switch_cursor on switch _statusline off halt end pts begin plot on off if orbiton then orbiton cfalse else orbiton strue goto cont end F s begin speed up orbit if speed gt 5 then begin speed speed 5 goto cont end else goto cont end S s begin slow down orbit speed speed 5 goto cont end T begin return to top menu switch _statusline off goto top end 24 begin do help Commands only elrscr switch _cursor on help switch_cursor off statusline plot_focus goto cont end N modify or create new orbit goto start end case goto cont end program Include File ORBIT INC function ToRadians decimaldegrees r
313. sh bureau chief alias agent 0086 His investigations of memory theft are detailed in this his latest communique Also be with us next time when his faithful side kick asks the hair raising question Why do the Taiwanese charge 10 a copy for MS DOS when haircuts are only 5 So you think you know about culture shock huh You don t know a thing about culture shock until you have your morning tea sitting on a hand woven cushion on the floor of a tent in the middle of the Anatolian plain miles from the nearest electricity or clean water supply hosted by shep herds dressed in homespun clothing But that isn t what really makes you think it s 10 hours later after the 45 minute jet flight back to the city walking down a busy street passing by ladies dressed in the latest Europe an fashions with American rock and roll music blaring from the doorways of the shops Wow If you think I ve seen a lot of things in the 3 months I ve been here you re right If you think I still have a lot to see you re even more right I ve already seen the centuries old walls of the city of Diyarbakir at the north end of the Mesopotamian Val ley 100 miles from Syria on the Tigris River the extreme poverty of Anatoli an villages the mosques and the cov ered bazaar of Istanbul and the destruction caused by the 1976 earth quake in Lice Lee jay I ve eaten in fine restaurants in Istanbul sat down for a
314. should read greater than 1000 ohms If not look for shorts in the 5V wiring The 5V leads can now be connected to the disk drive power supply Before connecting the leads determine which is the V and which is the 5V ground connection Now install the ICs in their sockets Testing The Controller Turn on the 5V power supply not the 115V AC Apply 5 volts in series with a 4700 ohm resistor to U2A 1 and leave it connected U1A 5 should read high 5V and U2B 4 should read high This is the normally inactive condition By grounding 5V U2A 1 and U2B 4 should read low lt 1V This is the active or motor on condition If everything checks out up to this point it s time to connect the 115V AC line to the terminals hot and common Connect a 100 watt light bulb across the motor terminals J3 1 and 2 Apply both the 5V and 115V AC power When U2A 1 is high the light bulb should be off and when U2A 1 is grounded low the light bulb should be on It should stay on for approximately 60 seconds after U2A 1 goes high Now you can connect the signal input from the 50 conductor cable as previously described power up and give it a try CPM 80 LIVES ON YOUR PC CP Mulator puts a 4mhz 8 bit CPM 80 emulator in your IBM PC for only 99 LEAP INTO A NEW DIMENSION Execute 8 bit CP M programs at 4 mhz Stop waiting around for those slow software emulators at twice the price of this speed demon CP
315. sload register pair immediate load register pair from memory load memory from register pair label ec label label ec label r data M80 flags the last of these with a relocation error if data evaluates to an external or relative value If label or data evaluates to a relocatable value conversion for Turbo is easy The address in the listing is really an offset from the start of the module and Turbo can be instructed to add this value to the absolute address of the start of the module External references are only a little more difficult Look again at the list of instructions They fall into three dis tinct syntax groups One group has unconditional jump jump if condition code unconditional call call if condition code load register immediate must be followed If you don t the output will not compile correctly Sec ond the program assumes that the AL end statement is in lower case Change the program if you use upper or mixed case Also proper Z80 syntax for the AL is critical In addition to the comments there are a couple of other points especially for those who want to modify the program for another assembler In procedure PROCESS_LINE a page header is detected by a form feed ctrl L at the beginning of the line Turbo That s All Folks This project has been fun and the result extends the usefulness of Turbo Pascal to projects that othe
316. st EPROM Eraser Smart Video Controller Review MicroSphere RAM Disk Future Tense Begins 88 pages ISSUE NO 24 6 85 C ing Into Turbo Pascal 8 Drives On The Kaypro 48 Lines On A BBI 68000 Vs 80X86 Soldering The First Steps 88 pages ISSUE NO 25 8 85 Why I Wrote A Debugger Kaypro EPROM Programmer The 32 Bit Super Chips I O Byte A Primer Programming The 32032 Kaypro Joystick Modula II Serial To Parallel Interface RS 232C The Interface Business COBOL 104 pages 60 pages ISSUE NO 26 10 85 ISSUE NO 19 8 84 Inside ZCPR3 Adding Winchester To BBII Two Megabytes On DSI 32 6MHz On The BBI SOG IV Bulletin Boards The Future Of Computing Track Buffering On Slicer MS DOS In The Public Domain 4MHz For The 820 1 Graphics In Turbo Pascal 64 pages 104 pages U S Regular Price 3 00 each 6 or more 1 2 price 000005 1 50 each Regular Foreign Price air mail 5 00 each 6 or more including Canada 2 00 each Surface Postage Included P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 Order Number 9 5 PST 503 382 SKIS Lox SEO DOO MA 4 BOO Tidbits By Gary Entsminger Amiga Hot Lines Amiga folk the North American Amiga Users Group wants you to get excited about its favorite computer For a free copy of the NAAUG newsletter their first write North American Amiga Users Group Box 376 Lemont PA 16851 Also an Amiga new
317. stored in the ARRAY screencoord in the RECORD coord See Figure 2 Procedure Plotit Figure 3 plots and erases coordinates Note that while the step is con stant the true positions of the orbiting body on the ellipse aren t evenly spaced due to the changing velocity This is an effect of gravity and is noticeable with orbits of high eccen tricity As the object approaches Perihelion when it s closest to the sun it speeds up At Aphelion when it s farthest from the sun it s slowest A straight line connecting the orbit ing body to the sun sweeps out equal areas in the orbital plane in equal intervals of time This phenome non is known as Kepler s Second Law coordset 1 360 more than we ll need var r a M e v real switch on off the major orbital elements and their derivations Latitude Departure focusx code max step i scale integer firstime info orbiton boolean control variables ch char sereencoord array coordset of coords an array of orbital positions input string 5 used to bullet proof data entry I orbit ine 1 orbithlp inc Text messages not included in magazine listing begin program this section provides menu options of select orbits and help top jump here to start over clrser i 1 firstime true switch cursor on orbiton false info true switch_statusline on writeln c writeln wri
318. sub traction operators are allowed in ex pressions For short routines hand assembling and entering the hex values is not too painful It would be nice however to automate both the generation of ma chine code and its inclusion in a Pascal program Assembly language AL is just one level above hand coding of ML Every ML instruction has a mnemonic AL representation These are converted into ML by an assembler which also allows symbolic references to address es and constants Problem When you write an AL routine for Turbo you have no idea where in memory the compiler will want to put it Conversely you don t know where to tell the assembler to find any variables or constants defined by the Pascal compiler Solution Use a relocating assembler Rather than generate machine code that resides at a specific address a relocating assembler outputs what is called a relocatable object module a REL file Information in the REL file allows another program the linker to modify the object code for location anywhere in memory In addition relocating assemblers allow you to specify symbols as external e g de fined outside the current module So far we haven t gained much since REL files are not easy to analyze and we don t really want to write a full linker for Turbo If You Can Read It Turbo Can As it turns out the listing file creat ed by Microsoft s M80 contains ALL the information we need to generate a
319. t R or input r then no change use stored coords begin gotoxy 1 1 clreol switch cursor off goto cont end if no change Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 gotoxy 1 1 clreol write tEnter scale readln input if not firstime then begin if inputs R or input r then begin gotoxy 1 1 clreol switch cursor off goto run end end if not firstime listing continued on page 69 67 Do it yourself A new magazine for publishers graphic artists editors writers and others interested in using personal computers to publish information electronically or on paper his is the magazine you ve been w aiti n g fi or I ssues cont ai n Oe eee aor nn eer erene anne eee ee se 1 IANT AEE EEEE ORES tutorials on using page make up FRC ud hide bie software techniques for T integrating text and graphics tips o Do it y ourself on producing more appealing E graphics and typography and EESE DES Kaz0P2 PUBLISH helpful information about data communications and electronic publishing A new magazine for publishers graphic artists editors writers and others interested in using personal computers f The bi monthly magazine covers to publish information electronically or on paper the latest products for the newly emerging desktop publishing market including eontein tutorials on using f page up oe laser printers scannin
320. t quality and capability MANUAL describes 1 The physica specifications codes of popular printers and plotters 2 Printer and plotter interfacing problem areas and how to correct them Some are hard to interface Most can be memory upgraded to save YOU much time and expense 3 Many cost saving tips and recommendations in the pur chase and operation of printers and plotters 4 Circuit diagrams of X SWITCHERS Independently switch one two printers or plotters to one two computers without disconnecting either Schematics of Centronics Par allel RS 232C and 20 ma Current Loop 5 Additional sections devoted to PRINTER TYPES PLOTTER TYPES EXPANDING MEMORY INTERFACING ELECTRONIC TYPEWRITERS RIBBON RE INKING SECRETS PAPER PATCHING SOFTWARE SPEED RATINGS BUYING STRATEGY and RS 232C PROTOCOLS 6 BUFFERS SPOOLERS MEMORY UPGRADES ELEC TROGRAPHIC TRACTOR FEED DIP AND PANEL SWITCHES DOT MATRIX DAISYWHEEL INK JET LASER FLAT BED ROLLER BED DRUM WORDPROCESSING DATAPROCESSING CAD CAM TIME OUT PROBLEM GRAPHICS TABLET CALLIGRAPHY PS TYPESETTING ADVERTISING PUBLICATION LAYOUTS etc 7 Over 100 printer and plotter related terms defined including abbreviations control codes and interface terms 8 Cleaning lubricating maintaining and repairing prin ters and plotters with actual examples Comprehensive and exhaustive many illustrations and COPIER MANUAL The total cost of a modern pho
321. t do graphics SCS Draw is here bringing Macintosh style graphics to the Kaypro computer for only 59 95 The first true drawing program for Kaypro computers SCS Draw turns your screen into a sketchpad on which you can draw detailed images like those shown here These images can be saved on disk and printed Regular Font on most dot matrix printers and many letter quality printers There are many applications of SCS Draw For example you could design and print your business card company logo party invitations banners or technical illustrations And the best thing about SCS Draw is that it s fun to use when was the last time you had some fun with your Kaypro Quick Print CTRL T Change Font X Expand CTRL N Change Name Measure Show Image 2 2e Kaypro makes a nice computer too bad it doesnt do graphics SCS Draw gives you a variety of useful drawing tools to choose from You can draw a detailed image dot by dot or do a rough sketch with straight lines Need a compass SCS Draw can draw circles of any size wherever you need them aAbBec More advanced features include block ltatic Font adbBCCY moves pattern filling and four built Bold Font aftbBcCdDeEf Little Font sAbBoCdDeEtF gGh in fonts And SCS Draw s windowing capability lets you easily draw images many times larger than the Kaypro s screen SCS Draw is available now for all 1984 and 1985 Kaypro CP M computers To order your copy s
322. t to system Cy1 y2 gt the specific key assignment This is the limit of 15 function key assignments Proceed only if you have left some of the above assignments unused be sure to leave the NOTE y2 is needed only if the command string requires two intact on the unusued assignuents keys e g Q R Otherwise only y1 will be needed wwe We we we wo we wo we me TE we we wo we Ne s us we wp ue we we we we wo wo we we we Oe we we ws we we ve we vo ws Se we we ve we we we we we we 3 and the blank y2 entry should be deleted from the l db 1bh 70b 40h 00b h h 19b lt Shift gt f5 gt data string i db 1bh 7ob 41h 00h b h 19h 3 lt Shift gt f6 gt db 1bh 7ch 42h 00h h h 19b 3 lt ShiftofT gt Example j db 1bh 7oh 43h 00h h h 19h 3 lt Shift gt r8 gt db tbh 7oh 4h 00h h b 19h 3 lt Shift gt r9 gt db 1bh Toh 3eh 00h 0bh 4h 19h lt Shift gt f3 gt KD Save and db 1bh 70h 45h 00h h b 19b lt Shift gt f10 gt exit to main menu db 1bh 7oh 3bh 00h h h 19h lt Ctl Unshifted gt f1 gt db 1bh 7oh 47h 00h h h 19h 3 lt Ctl Unshifted gt f2 gt where 3 db tbh 7ch 48h 00h h h 19h lt Ctl Unshifted gt 3 gt H db 1bh 7ch 49h 00h h h 19b 3 lt Ctl Unshifted gt f4 gt lbh 7ch gt FK redefinition lead in ESCape sequence db ibh 7ch 4ah 00h bh h 19h 3 lt Ctl Unshifted gt f5 gt 3eh z gt FE value lt Shift gt f3 db 1bh 7ch 8bh 00h h h 19h 3 lt
323. tailoring the CP M emulation around a NEC V20 microchip This chip simply replaces the 8088 processor in your MS DOS computer Once installed it ll run your CP M and MS DOS software much faster Speed improvements are roughly 15 faster in MS DOS and 350 faster in CP M With ACCELER 8 16 your MS DOS computer is now CP M compatible for only 99 95 All three solutions save you money by eliminating expensive modems and communications software To Order To order Media Master Media Master Plus or Acceler 8 16 call 800 824 7888 and ask for operator 251 For additional product and upgrade information contact Intersecting Concepts Inc 4573 Heatherglen Ct Moorpark CA 93021 or call 805 529 5073 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 COMBINATION 1MB RAM DISK AND 64K PRINTER BUFFER 445 ELECTRONIC RAM DISK SPECIAL MEMORY OFFER TWO BANKS OF MEMORY FOR THE PRICE OF ONE THIS IS A LIMITED OFFER Electronic RAM Disk and Printer Buffer Combination the ultimate add on for Kaypro I Il 4 4 84 2 84 and 2X Computers Incredible speed and efficiency are offered using MicroSphere s dual operation Electronic RAM disk and printer buffer No longer will you need to wait for your Kaypro to slowly finish mundane tasks such as running a printer or waiting for floppy drives to turn when you have better things to do Features Can be powered externally 255 directory entries Fully buffered data transf
324. te s archive bit and MORE Replaces SUBMIT and XSUB Has nesting capability internal command set including conditionals embedded XSUB and more Creates time date initialization module supports software clock Z Time or Optronics clock QBIOS Available for the Kaypro Xerox 820 II Xerox 820 l and BigBoard i with Emerald Microware or SWP Dual Density 820 1 BB 1 QP M bootable disk will be shipped f QBIOS is ordered with QP M No installation required NEW PRODUCTS FROM MICROCODE KEYMAP Not just another keyboard configuration program Written exclusively for the Xerox 820 820 Il Full ON SCREEN keyboard image while editing Create your own function keys Multiple custom keyboards can be created and any 2 can be instantly toggled QBACKUP QINSTALL SMARTROMS Add 820 1 features to your 820 BigBoard l Provides real time clock screen dump screen program pause dumb terminal mode reset with CTRL ESC CRT blanking after 11minutes of idle time 7 or 8 bit keyboard mode 820 11 4 0x compatible vectors and MUCH MORE Replaces your socketed ROMs no soidering PRICES SMARTROM SET For SWP 40 00 single density PLUS 2 Emerald When ordering please specify your computer system and media preference 8 iBM 3740 or any popular 5 25 format Please add 3 00 shipping handling U S amp Canada for UPS shipment or 8 00 for foreign air mail CA residents please add local sales tax 6 or 6 5 VI
325. teln writeln writeln ta writeln B writeln C writeln D writeln E writeln F writeln H writeln Q ORBIT ver 7 0 for the Kaypro 4 841 writeln Pick an orbit or lt SPACE gt to roll your own Halley s Comet Earth Comet Encke an orbit of HIGH eccentricity an orbit of NO eccentricity a circle My favorite HELPI quit program writeln write Type the letter of your choice repeat read kbd ch until upease ch in F A Bt Ct D E Qt Ht Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 Z80A FOR CP M 2 2 LITTLE BOARD Plus FEATURES 4 MHZ Z80A CPU x 64K RAM x COMES WITH CP M 2 2 DISKETTE ZCPR3 READS OR WRITES TO DOZENS OF POPULAR 514 IN FLOPPY FORMATS 2732 BOOT EPROM USE 5VDC 95A AND 12VDC 50MA WORKS WITH 40 OR 80 TRACK DRIVES 299 amp T WITH CP M 2 2 ALL SALES SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF OUR 90 DAY LIMITED WARRANTY FREE COPY UPON REQUEST OF TEXAS Digital Research Computers COMMON FEATURES OF BOTH BOARDS MOUNTS DIRECTLY TO 5 4 IN DISK DRIVE DD FLOPPY CONTROLLER ON BOARD TWO RS232 SERIAL PORTS CENTRONICS PRINTER PORT SCSI HARD DISK INTERFACE ASSEMBLED TESTED READY TO USE BY AMPRO NOTE BOTH OF THESE NEW LITTLE BOARDS WORK FINE WITH OUR POPULAR ZRT 80 TERMINAL BOARD KIT FOR 89 95 DISK DRIVE SPECIAL 1 2 HT DS DD 40 TRACKS PERFECT FOR LITTLE BOARD 79 95 ea 2 For 139 00
326. ter turnaround than the non commercial distributors However the non commercial opera tions usually have bulletin board sys tems that allow you to download Most of the new software is on the CP M SIG on Compuserve and very shortly should be on the new General Electric GENIE network It usually takes about a month to get an order from either SIG M or PC BLUE SIG M software is distributed only in 8 format For other formats you re probably better off with one of the commercial services Dusch Com puter Services 405 East 6th Avenue Roselle NJ 07203 201 241 0719 promises a maximum shipping time of two days for any 5 format They charge 7 per disk and donate 1 to either SIG M or PC BLUE Apple format SIG M software is available from the Philadelphia Area Computer Society Apple II SIG M Library Box 477 Kulpsville PA 19442 The following is a list of SIG M and in most cases PC BLUE regional dis tributors SIG M And PC BLUE Regional Distributors Dave Mitton NECS New England Computer Society 13 Swan St Arlington MA 02174 Voice 617 646 3080 CBBS 617 646 3610 Charles E Lewis Cleveland Digital Group 379 S Hametown Rd Copley OH 44321 Voice 216 666 5982 RCPM 216 645 0827 William Earnest Lehigh Valley Computer Group RD 1 Box 830 Orefield PA 18069 Voice 215 398 1634 CBBS 215 398 3937 Stan Levine CP M Users of Washington DC 2053 N Abingdon St Arlington VA 22207 Voice
327. ters to put together cooperative packaging deals and so forth If anything continued next page See ee i a I ES I EE I TEL Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 Little Board 249 The World s Least Expensive CP M Engine CP M 2 2 INCLUDED EE IND 4 MHZ Z80A CPU 64K RAM Z80A CTC 4 32K EPROM Mini Micro Floppy Controller 1 4 Drives Single Double Density 1 2 sided 40 80 track 2 RS232C Serial Ports 75 9600 baud amp 75 38 400 baud 1 Centronics Printer Port Power Requirement 5VDC at 75A 12VDC at 05A On board 12V converter Only 5 75 x 7 75 inches mounts directly to a 5 1 4 disk drive Comprehensive Software Included Enhanced CP M 2 2 operating BOOKSH ELF Series 100 Fast Compact High Quality Easy to use CP M System Ready to use professional CP M computer system Works with any RS232C ASCII terminal not included Network available Compact 7 3 x 6 5 x 10 5 inches 12 5 pounds all metal construction Powerful and Versatile Based on Little Board single board computer One or two 400 or 800 KB floppy drives 10 MB internal hard disk drive option system with ZCPR3 Read write format dozens of floppy formats IBM PC DOS KAYPRO OSBORNE MORROW Menu based system customization Operator friendly MENU shell OPTIONS Source Code TurooDOS ZRDOS Hard disk expansion to 60 me
328. th the name brands even Fluke has had some really good deals on digital meters lately and they are super qual ity You should use a meter to check the power supply outputs down to a shocked gnat s eyelash but you still need a logic probe or an oscilloscope to see whether the line is moving or not Logic Probes There are lots of logic probes and they all do about the same thing Most have one light usually green which comes on when they detect a voltage below about 1 7V and another light red which comes on when they de tect a voltage above 3V That s the easy part They also have pulse stretchers Say that the line you re monitoring stays high for 1 second then goes low for 1 us With out the pulse stretcher you wouldn t see that short low The lamp couldn t light in 1 millionth of a second but even if it could your eye wouldn t see it But no matter what the relative duration of the highs and lows if they re both there a logic probe will be merrily blinking red green red green Probes cost between 20 and 100 The difference is brand name con struction quality and speed If you need to see very short pulses 50 ns or shorter then plan to pay 100 The SE EL SRI I IY SCT E I TS I I ESI IEEE IIL LITO LER TT OE I RT Ee T a Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 34 20 units from places like Radio Shack are usually quite adequate for most micros Scopes Oscillosc
329. that self documentation in C is largely a matter of using descriptively named function calls No doubt the creation of new func tions can spread code all over the place decreasing readability For that reason I d avoid writing function char__dot which could be stuck inside the parentheses of putchar to handle both tasks The reader would have to go find char_dot in the listing because its operations would scarcely be intuitive case Oxc item break Again it s a trade off If the subrou tine is repeated often enough or if it s involved enough then a function can probably be justified if a good name can be found However if the next peruser of the code will have to page up or down through the code to find out what in the devil is going on the simplification has been bought at too high a price This of course does not touch upon the larger matter of structuring the overall flow of the program itself For anyone who bothers to read a C or a Pascal column such issues have been settled long ago And it helps to offer occasional comments though I believe comments are far more valuable in labeling large program blocks than in unraveling the meaning of individual lines and routines Cleaning Things Up Perhaps these issues can best be illustrated with a more practical exam ple The other day I was tinkering with routines that change individual bytes in a sector of memory as part of
330. things more legible I don t know about you but I can read that and can read it better with out all those Chatty Cathy remarks If your code needs line by line commen tary recode it and find ways to make the language explain itself Pascal enthusiasts ought to try trans lating these two routines into their favorite tongue My guess is that it will take twice as many lines and be so Choosing a First Language Which is not to say that I would advise anyone to take on C as his first structured language As long as Turbo Pascal is around the novice has al most interpreter speed interaction with a compiler which will catch most of the silly errors that a C compiler will blissfully ignore In the end I probably compose three times more Pascal than C code be cause in meat and potatoes programs I can crank out operative Pascal in a fraction of the time When I just sit down unshaven to drink black coffee and type for six hours get up to go to the bathroom and then remember to see if the damned thing compiles I reach for my Turbo But if you know C it s not any more obscure than Pascal It just offers more temptations for those of us who think that beauty and efficiency are two sides of the same coin C BUNDLE 99 VIEW CRT Based Disk Diagnostic EZZAP ROM Burning Utility includes schematic C PACK Utilities in C C Games User Modifiable Maze Game All are written in C include Source Code and available
331. tical setting will be 60 of 100 or 60 pixels sereenOrigin y round verticalPixels 0 60 for Kaypro for currentSide 1 to planter numberOfSides do begin setUpSide workFigure planter currentside for step 0 to 2 do number of 45 degree steps to take begin the horizontal screen origin is dependent on which of the three images is being drawn each image is one fourth of the entire screen but we re only drawing three images the first image is centered two thirds of the image size from the left side of the screen the next two images follow at intervals of four thirds of the image size screenOrigin x round imageSize 0 66 step imageSize 1 33 drawSide workFigure radiansIni5Degrees step screenOrigin imageSize planter largestDimension end end delay 5000 end 57 e nee Searching m 1 0 Ree Archiver san Keys ction Mbp Aliases a palin ting S mer Doo er Ar g Disk Variables Over Virtual Disk ay gcreen P aging ee Sear h ing 2 a emery Files ge py wg wr Cy ent P lg Memory Manage erfected User Areas If you ve tried some of the earlier CP M 80 add ons such as Microshell and ZCPR then you know it s possible to add new features to CP M Now you can have much more without all the trade offs when you use ConIX the latest and greatest upgrade for CP M ConlX goes a great deal farther in flexibility than any other CP M
332. til character is available 2400 OA JR Z RX is Z when no char yet 3600 OB IN A 4 sget character 4800 oc RET and exit with it 7200 OD 9600 OE Transmit status 00 if ready FF if still full 19200 OF XSTAT DI Due to the high speed of the Z80 as XORA set read write register 0 OUT 6 A is set compared to the snail s pace of serial re aes IN A 6 sget register transmission sending and receiving EI sleave ext status alone on transmit characters requires some handshake SOR i als ce a sans ae i iene flip status so is zero ready this is provided through the SIO read RET Z sexit if ready registers 0 and 1 which are detailed in OR OFFH jis full so give all bits high Figure 1 for asynchronous operation RET sreturn to calling program To access either read register you ll Transmit character in C register need to disable interrupts set the S register number as described last is CALL TXSTAT sue fetch the value and restore inter JR NZ TX sloop until transmit buffer empty ae LD A C sget char rupts Even more important for detect OUT 4 A and send it ing errors if ANY status bit changes RET sreturn to calling program 30 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 except for Tx Empty and Rx avail the read registers are not updated until a reset ext status inter rupts occurs This is easily done by writing 10H to write register 0 before restoring interru
333. tocopier can exceed that of a new car Yet copier prices and brand names have little to do with features and quality Unti COPIER MANUAL almost nothing was available for you to compare copiers for features quality and price Modern copiers are dropping in prices and have substantially increased features and quality COPIER MANUAL describes in detail 1 Evaluations of dozens of features and prices of over 100 popular modern copiers manufactured and or sold by A B DICK CANON GESTETNER IBM MINOLTA MITA MONROE PANASONIC PITNEY BOWES RICOH ROYAL SANYO SAVIN SHARP 3M TOSHIBA and XEROX Also includes evaluations of dozens of quality factors of many of these copiers exhaustively tested by us 2 Our evaluations of each major copier manufacturer which ones we recommend and their addresses An indepth evaluation advantages and disadvantages of the copier we recommend as the best buy for an office copier 3 Dozens of little known facts and tips on copier selec tion and operation How to make substantial savings on pur chases maintenance repairs and supplies How to extend copier and drum life Where to get cheaper supplies what you can and cannot recycle Copier myths debunked 4 The optimum combination of paper and ink color to protect YOUR copyrighted publications and classified data from unauthorized use How to copyright publications Frank comprehensive and exhaustive Dozens of illustra tions photograph
334. tributing his PC Write at a Comdex booth Here was share ware going head to head with the commercial guys in one of the most expensive shows there is Quicksoft Bob s company was obviously more successful than the average shareware distributor How Does He Do It One key he said is the type of software Productivity software edi tors spreadsheets accounting pack 84 ages and databases are good share ware products because they are constantly used and owners are al ways on the lookout for bug fixes or new features Bob is continually updating his edi tor adding support for new printers new editing features and new format ting options He s also continually upgrading the manual adding a quick reference card and improving sup port None of these would be very important however if the software were not used on a continuing basis or if it were basically complete A game a training program or a basic utility would not work well as shareware he felt because the user is satisfied using it as is Or because he uses it and then moves on to some thing else There is no ongoing need for updates How It Works Bob advertises by attending shows like Comdex and advertised in many card decks He makes most of his money selling disks of the latest ver sion with manual on the disk for 10 each For every 100 disk orders he ll also receive seven or eight orders for the 75 registered owner status
335. uccess anything else results in an error code and a dead program The error will crash the program even if you use IORESULT So to keep your program running you must disable the error trap with the compi ler command I In my program error trapping is disabled in the function Open so it won t terminate when it gets a bad filename Procedure OpenMain then writes a not found message to the user and solicits a new file name See Figure 1 codel 7 Z80MR PRN files 1st byte of Z80 code in column 7 mnemon 25 column where mnemonic starts BEGIN WHILE NOT EOF SourceFile DO BEGIN DestBuff I codel READLN SourceFile Linebuffer IF Length Linebuffer gt 0 get 1 line of text THEN BEGIN IF linebuffer 2 lt gt THEN if address bytes BEGIN then code follows WHILE lineBuffer I IN 0 9 A F DO get all hex bytes BEGIN IF I codel THEN destBuff IF Odd I and I gt code THEN destBuff destbuff destbuff lineBuffer 1 delimit 1st byte t destBuff I SUCC I END IF I gt codel THEN DestBuff DestBuff delimit last byte of code END IF LENGTH linebuffer gt I 1 THEN still some text left BEGIN IF trim COPY linebuffer mnemon 5 END THEN GOTO 10 For J I 1 TO 14 DO DestBuff DestBuff Add spaces to line up columns destBuff DestBuff CHR 123 beginning
336. untain View CA94041 e 415 962 0230 TELEX 4940302 89 EDITORIAL continued from page 89 until they get their operating system a bit settled I don t think they ll be faced with too much of anything except maybe questions about ads and vaporware and bugs and They re selling systems however and we re all certain ly interested I d wait six months before I bought one though At about 2000 a pop with two drives 512K and a color monitor Amigas are probably too expensive to make much of a dent in the home user market But a Commodore rep told me that they aren t expecting to do well in the business market that belongs to IBM and company That just leaves the Mac market which Apple is trying to bail out of If I were writing software for the Amiga I d write tools for those writing games and games for the home users I might even write some graphics or music software but beyond that I don t know Business software may not make sense Private Domain Wow We ve received a dozen submissions underwa ter maneuvers for Private Domain though issue 27 is just beginning to show up in your mailboxes This is really exciting Larry has been dashing about the office shouting Look at this look at this Then Bruce has to go look which piques Gary s curiosity and then Dave Pogue gets drawn in he loves crowds Finally of course I can t stand it any longer so I wander over By the way the
337. ur INTERNAL systems do not dis place a floppy drive do not require a power supply upgrade use the highest technology winchesters available No compromises COMPLETE SUBSYSTEMS Plug in and run Includes software documents cables brackets as req d 665 40mb External Kaypro 1 2 4 10 Big Board lI Xerox 820 1 II Micro Mint SB 1 80 Gemini Zorba Osborne Sanyo MBC 14150 41160 AVL Eagle Alspa Il 845 10mb 20mb Internal Internal M v 790 20mb External 790 v Add 10 v Add 20 Add 20 v C Under Development SPECIALS while stock lasts 5mb External 465 TM602 or equiv less P S enclosure 395 10mb External 495 CM5616 or equiv less P S enclosure 425 45mb External 535 CM5619 or equiv less P S enclosure 465 call for current specials Drives Accessories 20mb 3 5 495 Drive cable sets 1 5 10 95 3 std 11 95 6 14 95 40mb 3 5 439 Kaypro interface cables externals 16 67 20mb 5 25 HH 439 Host extension cable 1 foot 18 95 40mb 5 25 HH 279 Y power cable 9 50 10mb FH SPECIAL call under 200 Document package inci with system 8 00 5mb FH SPECIAL call under 420 Enclosure 5 25 FH with P S 69 00 without P S 49 00 The key to the Mini Winnie system is the INSTALL program which links your drive and your computer the way YOU want it Extensive menu options allow selection of any ST 506 compatible drive as 1 to 4 logical dr
338. us back to the computer This 5V Jl J2 No 1 2 SEL al be iy ae are see o oo i SEL3 ae a TO SECTION 2 U2C 5 Figure 1 Motor Control Circuit 42 means that every millisecond or so each drive select line will be pulsed to its active low condition If we used drive select lines to directly control the motor switch the motor would be turned on and off every millisecond when inactive Figure 1 shows how by inverting the drive select signal U2A and utilizing a 1 5 ms missing pulse detector U1A the output U1A 5 will remain high inactive during the period when the drive select line is inactive and also during the polling pulse period T1 by the way discharges C1 the timing capacitor when the drive select line is inactive During the polling pulse period T1 is turned off and C1 begins to charge through R2 But the polling pulse is a shorter duration than the C1 R2 time constant preventing the timer from resetting and changing the output on U1A 5 to low active When the drive select line is active low the U1A times out in 1 5 ms and U1A 5 goes low The next section is a 60 second re settable timer When the input U1B 8 goes low active output U1B 9 goes high active At the same time T2 is turned on preventing timer ca pacitor C4 from charging When U1B 8 goes high inactive T2 is turned off and C4 starts to charge through R3 Approximately 60 seconds later U1B
339. utchar ec gt amp amp e lt Pea Here I think C syntax is ultimately more readable Though the single line may not be completely clear at first glance at least the whole operational unit is together Assuming fluency in C the code reads the way we first conceived the process Get the character and test it If it passes the test find out what sort Figure 1 Two Major Screen Functions fdefine XDISPL 1 define YDISPL 4 define CHARDISPL 54 struct SEC char byte 0x08 0x10 Sensanenes display s struct SEC s char 1 J q for 1 0 1 lt 0x08 i printf n x0 1 number rows amp char with Oxff to defeat sign extension on chars displacements to use in gotoxy to overlay display sector mapped as 8X16 array display sector ddt style of character it is and list it in the appropriate format Pascal syntax forces two tests and two write state ments and must be traced out by some sort of mental flowchart Documentation Through Function Calls The C loop is more readable if you use an appropriate name for the func tion The standard C library contains the function isprint of obvious meaning Or you can write it yourself isprint c char c return c gt amp amp c lt 7 3 With that device at hand you get while c getc _file 4 putchar isprint c e Now that s more like it In fact I submit
340. valid Inline statement for Turbo Pas cal I looked at four relocating assem blers the other three all had one or more key pieces of information miss ing from the listing file Also since the listing is a text file the program to convert to an includable inline proce dure is easier Listing 1 is the M80 listing file for a routine to read data from a hypotheti cal 12 bit analog to digital converter Editor s note Listings 1 2 3 and 4 are all found on the Micro C bulletin board 503 6245 Columbia Ave St Louis MO 63139 314 343 8422 382 7643 Only Listing 2 is printed in its entirety in this article Note that all code bytes generated are in the listing some assemblers truncate the listing of things like quot ed strings to what will fit on one line All code is represented by either two hex digits with a following space or four hex digits high byte first This is how a 16 bit hex value is normally written but not how it is stored in memory All 16 bit values defined ex ternally are flagged with an suffix and those that are relative to the start of the module are suffixed with an apostrophe What you can t SEE in the listing is that the AL source has been copied verbatim from the input that each page is preceded with a form feed ctrl L and that the assembler output everything up to the source part of each line uses spaces not tabs as separators This last means that we can count on fixed
341. ver sion of dBASE III that does faster indexing rumor has it that they continued next page SS TES I EIS TN A TET I FE EEE S E E OEE E T ESEE OE EE DL IE SG I a OE TO ED Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 21 COMDEX continued from page 21 changed the structure of their index files Both dBASE III and Clipper a dBASE III compatible compiler use SoftLok a reportedly fussy copy pro tection scheme WordTech Systems now has a 169 dBASE III look alike interpreter in addition to their 750 dBIII compiler I understand that the WordTech soft ware is no longer copy protected WordTech Systems PO Box 1747 Orinda CA 94563 415 254 0900 Rumor has it that there s another dBASE III style interpreter under de velopment Currently under beta test it ll probably sell for 99 It should be available sometime this Spring More information as I receive it If I owned Ashton Tate stock right now I think I d dump it There were also lots of other data base packages Some were cheap oth ers like RBASE 5000 for multi user PCs were 1500 Scanners Make An Appearance There s been a lot of activity during the past year in scanners The problem has been getting all that stored up hard copy into a computer and with compact disks on their way the need to find a non manual way to convert all this data is getting pretty acute microfiche look out The units I saw scanned at about 200 dots per in
342. ver writeln default drive lt Y N gt A P z writeln drive drive lt Y N gt end case readchar response if response lt gt Y then goto EXIT FileOut dr ord drive 40 FileOut name RESCUE TXT fillchar FileOut data 12 23 0 BDOS resetDOS Open file RESCUE TXT If a file RESCUE TXT exists and it will be deleted first is ASCII 40H Areg BDOS delfile addr FileOut Areg BDOS makefile addr FileOut if Areg in 0 3 then writeln crlf Writing file else begin writeln Cannot open file goto EXIT end Have to be careful since max integer 32767 The initial 128 substracted will be incremented below if LocSt lt maxint then DMA round LocSt 128 else begin DMA round LocST AddrConv 128 end NumSectors round LocEnd LocSt 128 1 writeln Start address LocSt 1 0 writeln End address LocEnd 1 0 writeln Number of sectors NUMSECTORS 1 writeln for I 1 to NumSectors do begin DMA DMA 128 BDOS setdma DMA Try 0 WroteSector false repeat Areg BDOS writesector addr FileOut if Areg lt gt 0 then Try suce Try else WroteSector true until Try 5 or WroteSector if Try 5 then writeln g Warning error writing sector i end do increment DMA listing continued on page 60 59 RESCUE PROGRAM LISTING
343. w to get back into the system but that s another story Board Swapping and T amp S In issue 27 we covered two simple diagnostic procedures board swap ping and temperature amp stress Those are the procedures I use if at all possible Board swapping is fast but it may not be feasible unless you have a friend with a similar system and even after you ve removed the defective board you might want to repair it rather than toss it Temperature amp stress only works on problems that are related to temperature sensitive ICs and intermittent connections Wiggling Lines To an outsider the inside of a computer no doubt looks like a maze of unrelated copper traces and IC pins Output pins are connected to the traces which carry the information to input pins The input information is scrambled by the ICs and output again There is no apparent rhyme nor reason for anything that happens in side a computer even when the computer is working correctly When the computer isn t working correctly where do you look How do you tell what s right and what s wrong Well just as we made some assump tions when we tried temperature amp stress a chip that s sensitive to heat ing or cooling is probably defective we re going to make some assump tions here The primary assumption is that we have a hard failure e g the defective part or line is receiving information but its output or other end is stuck
344. y re inaccessi ble to the remainder of program RES CUE Limitations Notes amp Wrap Up RESCUE was written for a 64K CP M system Many of the input output calls are made directly to the CP M operating system But with minor modifications RESCUE PAS can be adapted for MS DOS systems RESCUE will recover only text actu ally in memory For a 64K system using WordStar RESCUE can recover a file up to about 25K long May RESCUE allow you to recover from at least some of your mistakes EEE RESCUE PROGRAM LISTING continued from page 52 By reading numbers in as a string the VAL function built into TURBO provides an easy way to ensure a number has been input var code integer astring string 5 begin readln astring VAL astring areal code if code 0 then begin goodnum true areal int areal end else goodnum false end readnum procedure initialize begin LocSt 0 LocEnd 0 drive chr 40 StartSelected false done false end initialize procedure init _msg begin clrscr writeln RESCUE COM ver 2 0 writeln Copyright C 1985 by Steve Mitton tel 703 339 5842 writeln Released to the PUBLIC DOMAIN for non commercial use writeln writeln The purpose of RESCUE COM is writeln 1 to SEARCH the TPA for a lost program text writeln and once found writeln 2 to WRITE it to disk as RESCUE TXT writeln In principal
345. y explains that a computer can change telephone sound into visual symbols and back again That s a NEW modem 7 COMM180 M S He returns to his reading There are two different types of couplers Acoustic optional peripheral board adds couplers transmit and receive data at a rate of 300 bauds 1200 bps modem and SCSI Three hundred bods I ask astonished Aar NSE Mntertace He glances up quickly That s bauds bits per second I nod knowing that my face registers about as much understanding as an CALL TOLL FREE TELEX unplugged monitor The children ask to be excused from the table 1 800 635 3355 643331 Twelve hundred baud couplers are more expensive he muses For technical assistance or I shrug Why scrimp to request a data sheet call He sighs and notices his cold food our children s empty plates and chairs He 1 203 871 6170 begins to eat I guess I should be grateful he never asks me to reheat it in a warm boot Q EEE Es Micromint Inc 25 Terrace Drive Vernon CT 06066 Micro Cornucopia Number 28 February March 1986 91 MAKE YOUR KAYPRO SPECIAL The Kaypro Disk Library 37 Disks of Selected Public Domain Software KAYPRO DISK K1 Modem software KAYPRO DISK K2 Utilities KAYPRO DISK K3 Games KAYPRO DISK K4 Adventure KAYPRO DISK K5 MX 80 Graphics KAYPRO DISK K6 Word Processing Utilities KAYPRO DISK K7 Small C Version 2 Compiler KAYPRO DISK K8 Small C Version
346. you drag the icon for the file from its window on the source disk into the window of the destination disk WORKBENCH then takes over and copies the file prompting you to swap disks at appropriate times if you have a single drive To run a program position the mouse pointer on the program s icon and click one of those cute mouse buttons twice For programmers there s the Com mand Line Interface CLI the equivalent of CP M s CCP or MS DOS s COMMAND You type the name of the program you want to execute filenames can be up to 31 characters add any parame ters and press return After a program s loaded it calls the operating system to open a window All of an individual program s I O occurs in that window You can change the size and posi tion of the window by pointing the mouse to particular gadgets in the window and dragging them And you can make room for more windows Multiple programs can run concur rently in different windows on the screen The CLI is a program running in its own window for example INOVA 11311 Stemmons Freeway Suite 7 Dallas TX 75229 INTUITION and the mouse lets you move between them easily Super Graphics From low 320x200 to high 640x400 resolution there s a wide range of display modes with between 16 and 32 colors displayable in each The graphics come from the custom chips designed by Jay Miner The chips know about eight hardware sprites and support t
347. yr 6 issues 2 yr 12 issues 3 yr 18 issues 1 yr Canada amp Mexico 1 yr Other foreign Make all orders payable in U S funds on a U S bank please CHANGE OF ADDRESS Please send your old label and new address Micro Cornucopia PO Box 223 Bend OR 97709 CUSTOMER SERVICE For orders amp sub scription problems call 503 382 5060 9 am to 5 pm Pacific time M F For technical help call 503 382 8048 9 am to noon Pacific time M F Copyright 1986 by Micro Cornucopia Inc All rights reserved ISSN 0747 587X OURO Nave By David J Thompson This Is Not An Editorial I ve been asked by the graphics department to come up with a name for this column Most people think of this as an editorial Even I ve thought of it as an editorial but careful diligent and exhaustive research has indicated otherwise Editorials are short and dull This column on the other hand is long I ve heard that editors are often ex writers who ve been kicked upstairs so they can t do too much damage They re allowed to write editorials because no one reads them And since editorials are supposed to be opinion editors don t even have to get their facts straight Perfect job for a seasoned newspaper reporter This column may wind up named Cornucopious Comments Editor s Column All That s Fit We Print or something equally inspirational If you have any ideas get them

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