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PowerHub 7000/8000 Software Reference Manual

1. 5 12 Seti aio 5 13 SCE USER cuidatee 5 14 show configuration example 5 12 subsystems oooococoooccccmo mo 5 14 timed command 5 15 Perico Seb eme d Peer recta AS 5 16 nalidss iste e s 5 16 H half duplex mode o oooooooo oom o o 7 16 host commands suse 9 2 COMAS an ea 9 3 keep alive delay 9 5 keep alive interval 9 6 Kill sce O Pe tt metres 9 7 STALISEICS rta ette et e 9 8 Stat s eher eR RHET RES 9 10 Index 2 l intelligent modules INIMs 1 2 intelligent packet switching 1 1 NA AO 1 9 IPX routing 6 cece eee eee eee 1 10 IPX translation bridging 1 9 L line speeds canti 7 17 M media commands sues 7 1 CODI Genera eee s os Rektor 7 2 configuring packet forwarding 7 22 Ethernet LED modes 7 5 inter segment statistics 7 4 monitoring segments 7 14 operating mode 7 16 port level statistics 7 20 port monitoring ooooooooooo 7 7 segment names ss 7 23 segment state detection 7 24 segment state detection threshold 7 28 Statlistic8 ota ta ei 7 31 HAU eU eu b 7 30 UDP port receiver status 7 20 media operating mode command 7 17 N network interface modules description o oooooooooccooo o 1 2 network ma
2. 4 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Command Line Interface 4 2 1 4 add and delete Add and delete are used to add or delete objects to or from tables or to add or delete inter faces Examples include bridge table entries protocol interface table entries IP AppleTalk IPX and DECnet and route table entries 4 2 1 5 enable and disable Enable and disable turn on or off specific features Examples include bridging and proto col routing specific IP routes and IP Helpers When the enable or disable verb is prepended by p nor s the verb applies only to specific segments p s or networks n s 4 2 1 6 show and clear Show and clear are used to display or clear configuration information tables caches and statistics With these verbs configuration information or statistics can be displayed cleared or reset to zero 0 4 2 2 Noun Objects The command structure contains many nouns Some of the more commonly used nouns are described in the following paragraphs This is a non inclusive list of available nouns Entering help at a subsystem prompt displays a complete list of nouns available in the respective subsystem 4 2 2 1 config The config command displays configuration information relative to the current subsystem on hardware and interfaces In general the config config show command displays parameters that have been configured through the software Notice the show verb is enclosed in brackets Wh
3. lt slotnumber gt Specifies the slot for which to display the temperature PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 6 13 System Commands all Displays the temperature for all installed modules In the following examples the temperature of all installed modules is displayed followed by the temperature of the module currently installed in slot 1 PowerHub system temperature all lot 5 temp 44 degrees C lot 4 temp 39 degrees C lot 2 temp 34 5 degrees C lot 1 temp 34 5 degrees C PowerHub system temp 1 lot 1 temp 34 5 degrees C o0 00 000 PowerHub systemk Note that the PowerHub is designed to operate over a range of external ambient temperatures An additional temperature rise inside the chassis is taken into account in the design of the product Some older revisions of the Packet Engine and NIMs do not contain an ID PROM If the tem perature command is issued against a module that does not contain an ID PROM or against a slot that does not contain a NIM the system displays the following message 6 PowerHub system temp 3 slot 3 temp not available 7 PowerHub system 6 1 18 TTY2 The tty2 command is used to enable or disable the TTY2 port located on the Packet Engine The TTY2 port must be enabled before setting or changing the associated baud rate with the baud command see Section 6 1 1 The syntax for this command is as follows tty2 enable disable where enable disable Enables or disables t
4. 2l eee 1 11 1 3 Network Management Features ooocoocccccccc eae 1 12 1 3 1 Network Management System NMS anana nauan 1 12 1 3 2 Management Information Base MIB AgentS 1 12 1 3 3 FOTO MI SEE 1 12 CHAPTER2 Software Subsystems 2 1 FiLInWare ss esed eed dove ge ke om Yet ed Er bone Yeh ae dA n HR d 2 1 2 2 Runtime Software ooooccoccooc ln 2 4 CHAPTERS3 PowerHub Files 3 1 File Types eoa eR A Pi PY de 3 1 3 2 System SoftWare veseruteiexbursieieipukkiniibesbsUhrivepsdar ae 3 3 3 2 1 PowerHub 7000 2 0 cece eh 3 3 3 2 2 PowerHub 8000 ooooocooococno nes 3 3 3 2 3 OUST FOS zi eem et ahat e cy oP tuners ir aedes d ich esee d ies 3 4 3 2 4 Created Files i sci eprreurichbve m kei he d e Etudier boa 3 4 CHAPTER4 Command Line Interface 4 1 Using the User Interface Ul auauua ee 4 1 4 1 1 Runtime Prompts wras arai aA al a ea a ERG 4 1 4 1 2 Entering and Editing Command Lines llli sess 4 3 4 2 Command Syntax ra di AE AAA A we eee 4 4 4 2 1 Verb Objects Ji ss A LL UE LS bs 4 4 42 1 4 setandunset 00 eese 4 4 4 2 1 2 define and undefine llle 4 4 4 2 4 8 attach anddetach 0 eee eee 4 4 TOC 2 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Table of Contents 4 2 1 4 add and delete iss dara ia iaa 4 5 4 2 1 5 enable and disable o o ooooooooooomoo mos 4 5 4 2 1 6 show and clear llle 4 5 4 2 2 NOUN OD
5. 5 E iw 1 h 5 7 Configuration Defaults Table A 8 IP Multicast Subsystem Commands Command and Description itl interface add lt ipaddr gt met ric lt metric gt thresh old lt thresh gt met ric lt metric gt Specifies an additional cost measured in hops to the destination of using the interface The default is 1 thresh old lt thresh gt Specifies the minimum time to live TTL value that an IP Multicast packet must have before it is forwarded over this interface The default is 1 tunnel add s loc lall lt local addr gt rem ote lt remote addr gt met ric lt mv gt thresh old lt tv gt met ric lt mv gt Specifies an additional cost extra hops to the destination of using the virtual interface with which this tunnel is associated The default is 1 thresh old lt tv gt Specifies the minimum time to live TTL value that an IP Multicast packet must have before it can be forwarded through the tunnel The default is 1 enable disable ipm Specifies whether to enable or disable IP Multicast forwarding The default is disable penable pdisable transmit lt segment list gt Specifies whether to enable or disable IP Multicast forwarding The default is penable enable disable multicast aware bridging Specifies whether to enable or disable multicast aware bridging The default is disabled enable disable fwd pkts with srcrt option fps Specifi
6. lt connection id gt Specifies the ID assigned to the session when the session was established To determine what the connection ID is use the status tcp command to display the active TCP connections The connection IDs are listed under Conn ID The following example checks the current TCP connections using the status tcp com mand and then kills the connection labeled Conn ID 16 192 PowerHub host status tcp 193 PowerHub host kill 16 194 PowerHub host Active TCP Connections 3 Conn Id Rem IP Addr Rem Port Loc IP Addr Loc Port Conn State 2 ZEEL o a ewok A o eee oe er c Q 16 169 144 86 49 23 169 144 86 54 1494 ESTABLISHED E 3 g a 7 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 9 7 Host Commands 9 6 Statistics The stats command is used to display or clear statistics on TCP TELNET and UDP packets TCP and UDP statistics are a superset of the corresponding statistics provided in the SNMP MIB There is no TELNET MIB The software maintains two types of stats for TCP TELNET and UDP statistics counter e Count since last statistics clear e Count since last system reset The syntax for this command is as follows stats clear i t tcp tel net udp all stats show i t tcp tel net udp all where clear Specifies to clear the specified statistics or all statistics i Valid only for TCP Displays or clears TCP statistics such as connections established dropped closed etc
7. 5 1 Accessing Global Commands Entering global help at any system prompt displays the global commands The following display shows the global commands 4 PowerHub system global help global subsystem alias rcprompt checksum readenv rdenv copylcp rename mv default device dd rm dir saveenv svenv format fmt show config example shex help stty history hi su histchars subsystems ss logout bye timedcmd tc ls typel cat pnm unalias 5 PowerHub system The following paragraphs describe the function performed by each global command and the syntax required 5 1 1 Alias The alias command is used to create a shortened version of a command The syntax for this command is as follows alias lt name gt lt command gt PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 5 1 SpUBWIUIOD Jeqo 5 Global Commands where lt name gt Specifies a name for the specified command If no command is specified the alias command displays the command assigned to that alias If no name is specified all defined aliases are displayed lt command gt Specifies a command to be executed whenever the specified alias is entered at a command prompt Aliases can be removed by using the unalias Eu command Section 5 1 23 when logging out of the current session logout bye Section 5 1 10 or rebooting the system Aliases can not be saved with the system savecfg svcfg command refer to Chapter 6 but can be saved us
8. e The date and time the system was started e The date time and nvram bootorder see Chapter 8 on setting the nvram boot order e The boot device used to boot The value can be f floppy diskette or c Compact Flash Card m Flash Memory Module or n network This value shows the boot source actually used which may differ from the boot order specified in NVRAM The following example displays the boot log 7 PowerHub system bootinfo Thu Feb 26 15 18 08 1998 start Thu Feb 26 15 18 17 1998 nvram boot order fm boot device m 8 PowerHub system 6 1 3 Card Swap The card swap cs command is used whenever it is necessary to remove and re install a NIM so that the configuration manager can deactivate traffic to ports segments on that NIM These operations can be accomplished while the system is operating if the module being installed matches exactly the module that was removed Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Hardware Reference Manual for detailed procedures on removing and replacing NIMs o lt o 3 O fe 3 3 D 2 D NIMs can only be swapped when the chassis Eu contains at least one redundant power module Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Hardware Reference Manual for information about power redundancy The card swap command is only to be used with Network Interface Modules NIMs PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 6 3 System Commands The NIM being installed must be of the same E type a
9. B 6 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Netboot Options Unless all the required values are configured in NVRAM configure the BOOTP server to pro vide the following information to the PowerHub even if the BOOTP server and TFTP server are the same device e Client switch IP address e Client switch subnet mask e Gateway IP address if the client switch and server are on different subnets e TFTP server IP address e Name of the boot definition file often called bootdef used to boot the Power Hub Install this file on the TFTP server but specify the name on the BOOTP server in NVRAM Note that the boot definition file is neither the image file 7pe nor a configuration file such as cfg The procedures for configuring the BOOTP server depend upon the BOOTP software being used In some BOOTP software a single database file contains the information items listed above for each client that uses the server In some implementations this file is called the bootptab file See the applicable BOOTP software documentation for information z o 2 o o o O o 5 o B 3 3 Intervening Gateway If a gateway separates the PowerHub from the server do one of the following e If the gateway has a boot helper service such as IP Helper configure the helper service to help BOOTP packets sent from the PowerHub to reach the BOOTP server If the gateway is another PowerHub use the ip add helper command e Ifthe gate
10. CHAPTER7 Media Commands 7 1 Displaying Bridge Related Configuration 060000 c eee eee eee 7 2 7 2 Inter Segment Statistics llle 7 4 7 3 Ethernet LED Modes iioc eR eR RR Rr ER Rm ee ea 7 5 7 4 Port MOTION as Scere iria H4 e RERSY RHERE4U MARTE 7 7 7 4 1 How Port Monitoring Works llle 7 7 7 4 2 Performance Considerations and Operation Notes 7 8 7 4 3 Packet Modifications llle 7 9 7 5 Monitoring a Segment 0000 eh 7 14 7 6 Operating MOde oococccccco hr 7 16 7 6 1 Full Duplex and Half Duplex Modes 000 eee eae 7 16 7 6 2 Auto negotiation iix deddusstbeceme evepbribae4 ak Bp RD 7 17 7 6 3 10 100 FEMA Values lesse eh 7 17 7 6 4 Setting the Operating Mode for Ethernet and 10 100 FEMA 7 18 7 6 5 Displaying the Operating Mode Configurati0N 7 19 7 65 1 Troubleshooting sareren aa SATE ATEA EET 7 19 7 7 UTP Port Receiver Status 0 00000 tte eee 7 20 7 8 Displaying Port Level Statistics liiis 7 21 TOC 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Table of Contents 7 9 Configuring Packet Forwarding on Segments 000 eeeeeeeeee 7 22 7 10 SegmentNamMes ooococcoccc teeta 7 23 7 11 Segment State Detection anasa aaua aeaea 7 24 7 11 1 Automatic Segment State Detection ooooooooooomo o 7 24 7 11 1 1 Software Behavior When Disabled 7 2
11. GENERIC 42 Fri Oct 14 11 08 06 PDT 1994 2 On the remote TFTP host change to the t tpboot directory fabrique username 51 gt cd fabrique 52 gt cd tftpboot 3 Inthe t ftpboot directory create a zero length file called cfg fabrique tftpboot 56 gt touch cfg 4 Escape back to the PowerHub Ct r1 Y fabrique tftpboot 57 gt Escape to Command line mode Type open to return 5 Issue the put command to upload the file Notice the use of the a option since the cfg file is an ASCII file 31PowerHub tftp put a cfg tftp Peer generated error protocol error Permission denied Access violation 6 Notice that an error was received To correct the error re open the outbound Telnet session and display the read write permissions for the cfg file created in step 3 32PowerHub tftpf telnet open fabrique tftpboot 57 ls al total 3 13 10 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual drwxrwxrwx 3 root drwxr xr x 26 root rw r r 1 username drwxrwxrwx 4 username 512 Mar 1024 Jan 0 Mar 512 Mar 19 2 2 08 322 27 12 cfg 02 fore TFTP Commands 7 Note that the c g file does not have write permissions Issue the UNIX chmod command to change the read write permissions to allow writing to the file and then display the files to verify the read write permissions were changed fabrique tftpboot 58 chmod 777 cfg fabrique tftpboot 59 gt ls al total 3 drwxrwxrwx 3 root drwxr xr x 26 ro
12. Notice that this command was executed from within the system subsystem and that the help command was entered after specifying the ip subsystem 17 PowerHub system ip interface add it interface add lt vlanid gt lt ipaddr gt lt prefixlen gt lt mask gt ift ype b c n bma p top lt nbr_addr gt Add an IP interface to the given vlan If mask is not specified 5 6 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Global Commands then natural subnet mask class A B or C address mask for the IP address is used Interface type can be one of broadcast nbma and ptop Neighbor address must be specified only for ptop type If interface type is not specified broadcast is assumed by default 18 PowerHub system 5 1 8 History The history hi command is used to display a history of the last 21 commands executed during the current session The syntax for this command is as follows history hi The following example displays the last 6 commands executed The line numbers on the left indicate the commands in the order they were entered Using this display it is possible to reenter a command by entering an exclamation mark followed by the command line number In this example entering 3 will re execute the stty command The last command can also be re entered with a double exclamation mark PowerHub system hi 6 1 ver 2 2 idp S 3 stty 4 7 S 5 baud 3 6 hi z 7 PowerHub system a 7 5
13. OSPF PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Man ual ipx IPX IPX RIP and IPX SAP PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Man ual As noted in the Refer To column the subsystems that deal with setting up interface protocols are explained in the PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual Additionally those com mands dealing with setting up filters are explained in the PowerHub 7000 8000 Filters Reference Manual PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual e E 5 c I s o 7 lt 7 1 3 7 Software Subsystems PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual e P YE TRA PowerHub Files This chapter describes the software used by the PowerHub and the files that are shipped with the PowerHub The user is advised to contact FORE Systems TAC if it is necessary to upgrade any of the system software or firmware 3 1 File Types The following types of software are utilized Packet Engine Boot PROM Contains firmware used by the Packet Engine when it is booted From this PROM configuration values including the boot source can be changed and stored in NVRAM Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Hardware Reference Manual for details on the Boot PROM commands The boot PROM prompt is displayed as lt PROM PE1 gt for the PowerHub 7000 or lt PROM PE2 gt for the PowerHub 8000 System software Sometimes called runtime software The runtime software is accessed fro
14. Specify a value from 1 to 65535 The default is 100 for 10Mb s Ethernet segments and 10 for FDDI and Fast Ethernet segments You must specify a separate path cost for each segment uU 2 e o le o 3 3 D 2 D To display the current settings for these parameters issue the following command config st Following is an example of the display produced by the config st command shortened for brevity 62 PowerHub bridge config st Spanning Tree Status 1 Disabled System Priority 8000 Spanning Tree Address 01 80 c2 00 00 00 My Bridge Address 00 00 ef 03 9a b0 Max Age 21 Hello Time 4 Forward Delay 16 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 10 21 Bridge Commands Sending Fast Hellos Disabled Fast Hello Params Hello Time 1 sec High Util 70 Low Util 50 Segment Prio Path Cost Designated Bridge Des Seg Des Cost Sta Chngs ae 80 5 gt 4 1 80 63 PowerHub bridge 10 12 1 Fast Hello Time Under heavy network traffic Spanning Tree hello packets are not transmitted at regular hello time intervals Such irregular time intervals can delay the transmission of hello packets If hello packets are delayed past a certain time value called the maximum age the Spanning Tree state can change If the segment state is blocking and hello packets are not received before the Max Age time value the Spanning Tree state changes to listening and then to learning
15. as applicable Some older revisions of the Packet Engine and NIMs do not contain ID PROMs If the idprom command is issued against such a module or an empty card slot the following mes sage is displayed 78 PowerHub system idp 3 unable to read IDPROM information from slot 3 79 PowerHub system o lt a 3 e o 3 3 D 2 D 6 1 10 Memory The mem command is used to display the amount of memory that is installed on an Intelligent Network Interface Module INIM or the Packet Engine The Packet Engine memory can also be noted when booting the system The syntax for this command is mem show lt slot number gt where lt slot number gt The slot being queried The following example displays the amount of memory installed on the INIM located in slot 1 The INIM in slot one is an ATM PowerCell module 3 PowerHub system mem 1 memory is 32MB 4 PowerHub system PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 6 9 System Commands 6 1 11 Password The passwd command is used to change the system password associated with root or monitor logins The syntax for this command is passwd root monitor where root monitor Indicates the management capability for which the password is being changed The steps to change a password are 1 Issue the passwd command specifying the appropriate management level root or monitor capability A prompt is displayed to enter the new password 2 Enter
16. character Use this if the character with a boot definition macro is used SE and Se expand hex digits A F in uppercase Following is an example of a boot definition file that uses boot definition macro commands Svstart 1 SD SE cfg e fore ph images 7 2 6 3 0 7pe vend 1 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual B 9 Netboot Options In this example the D expands into the pathname of the boot definition file The E expands into the MAC layer hardware address When that Packet Engine parses the boot definition file it expands D into fore ph configs and SE into 0000EF014A00 B 3 6 Sharing Methods If a common boot definition file is shared among multiple PowerHubs decide on one of the following sharing methods where MAC address Each configuration file is named according to the MAC layer hardware address of the PowerHub or Link On boot servers that support symbolic links to files give meaningful names to configuration files These methods are very similar They differ only in that any name can be used for the configu ration files if the link method is used However the MAC layer hardware addresses must be used in the configuration file names if the MAC address method is used To use the link method the TFTP server must support E symbolic links Refer to the TFTP server documentation to determine if the TFTP server supports symbolic links The following sections con
17. iopl dmp Another type of dump file the software can produce when a crash is experienced iop2 dmp Another type of dump file the software can produce when a crash is experienced The dump dmp files should be supplied to E FORE Systems TAC when reporting system crashes The contents of these dump files assist TAC determine the cause of the crash D fe i Q I lt o a o 2 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 3 5 PowerHub Files PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual CNV Command Line Interface This chapter describes the User Interface UI command line command syntax various ways to display on line help and levels of on line help that are available 4 1 Using the User Interface UI The user interface UI comes up by default in the system subsystem when initially loaded The following sections describe the subsystem command line prompt and how to issue com mands 4 1 1 Runtime Prompt Regardless of whether the system is being accessed through one of the TTY RS 232 ports or through an active TELNET session the command prompt is displayed as shown in Figure 4 1 eurT pueuiulo2 MO 1 PowerHub system y System Manageme nt Name Capability Subsystem Figure 4 1 Command Line As shown in Figure 4 1 the command prompt contains four components Command Number Sequential line number of commands executed during the active session similar to a command number in the UNIX
18. lc local carrier er excessive retries tm table miss Optionally specify a specific segment range of segments or a comma separated list of segments clear If specified clears all port and segment level statistics The following examples show the display received when requesting the peak utilization of statistics 30 PowerHub media stats s pu Peak util 4 1 oe oe a ao Cr a a e oe oe oe oe 0 18 43 0 18 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 71 6 6 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual e P 1282 3 NVRAM Commands This chapter explains the commands within the NVRAM subsystem which are used to make changes in the NVRAM subsystem and booting parameters The following commands are available in the NVRAM subsystem nvram subsystem bo gwip myip crashreboot mysm slotsegs n fsip md5key keyid 8 1 NVRAM Configuration Commands The NVRAM commands are used to display set or clear parameters that affect the PowerHub boot order IP addresses of the system file server and gateway the system behavior in the event of a system crash the number of segments each installed module is to support and a RIPv2 key password 8 1 1 Boot Order The bo command is used to display set or clear the default booting order The syntax of this command is as follows bo set lt value gt bo show bo unset whe
19. lt ethaddr gt t h m Specifies the segment s to display bridge table entries The default is a11 set aging lt time gt loff Specifies the aging time to clear learned entries in seconds complex time hh mm ss or tiny time microseconds or milliseconds Default is set to 60 minutes set aging lt time gt loff Specifies the aging time to clear learned entries in seconds complex time hh mm ss or tiny time microseconds or milliseconds Default is set to 60 minutes enable disable spantree Specifies whether the Spanning Tree algorithm is to be enabled or disabled The default is dis able spantree st set bridge priorit bp lt priority gt Specifies the Spanning Tree bridge priority The default is 8000 hex A 2 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Configuration Defaults Table A 4 Bridge Subsystem Commands Command and Description spantree st sset seg priorit sp lt priority gt lt seglist gt Specifies the Spanning Tree segment priority The default is 8000 hex spantree st sset path cost pe lt path cost gt lt seglist gt Specifies the cost of the path The default is 100 for 10Mb s Ethernet segments and 10 for FDDI and Fast Ethernet segments spantree st set maxage lt time gt Specifies the maximum age in seconds The default is 21 seconds spantree st set hello lt time gt Specifies the hello time in seconds The default is 4 seconds
20. lt file name gt t Sets the receive timeout to N 10 seconds 10 lt N lt 1000 The default is 600 that is 60 sec onds Table A 2 Global Subsystem Commands Command and Description su root monitor Used to change the userid to the root or monitor The default is the root rm f i lt filespec gt lt filespec gt Overrides the f Force flag presenting a prompt before removing each file If or i is not specified i is the default PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual A d le E e 5 g 17 h o 7 Configuration Defaults Table A 3 ATALK Subsystem Commands Command and Description enable disable atalk Specifies whether AppleTalk routing is to be enabled or disabled The default is disable ping t lt timeout gt size lt pktsize gt lt net gt lt node gt t lt timeout gt Optionally specifies the number of seconds to wait to receive a reply packet from the specified node The default is 15 seconds size lt pktsize gt If the lt timeout gt argument is used optionally specifies the size of the echo packet sent to the node The default is 64 bytes Table A 4 Bridge Subsystem Commands Command and Description config show lt argument list gt all Specifies the configuration parameters to display The default is a11 bt show lt seglist gt all
21. name monitor env are automatically loaded when logging on with monitor status or if the user level is changed from root to monitor during a session 1 2 8 Automatic Segment State Detection When enabled Automatic Segment State Detection senses when a link or something config ured on the link is bad or down When a bad or down link is detected on a particular port the state of the segment is reflected in the software s interface tables ForeView Network a Management software allows link types to be enabled or disabled on a particular port Through ForeView the state of the following link types can be learned g AUI Q e MAU RPTR i D e MAU e BNC e BNCT e 10Base T e Fiber e Unknown To disable automatic segment state detection on E a UTP port rename the configuration file to something other than cfg and then reboot the system PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 1 7 Features Overview 1 2 9 Segment Statistics Access method and protocol statistics related to segment and packet activity can be displayed For example state change statistics for individual segments can be displayed to show how many times a particular segment has gone up or down since the software was last booted Sta tistics related to protocols are briefly described in Section 1 2 13 1 2 10 Traffic Monitoring Port activity can be monitored at regular intervals For example statistics of packet activity or pack
22. spantree st set fwddelay lt time gt Specifies the forward delay in seconds The default is 16 seconds spantree st set high util lt percentage gt Specifies the upper end value of segment utilization This value is a percentage in the range of 1 to 100 The default is 70 spantree st set low util lt percentage gt Specifies the upper end value of segment utilization This value is a percentage in the range of 1 to 100 The default is 50 Table A 5 DECnet Subsystem Commands Command and Description set max node num mnn value This determines the number of nodes The default is 255 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual A 3 le E zh e 5 o 1 h 0 7 Configuration Defaults Table A 6 Host Subsystem Commands Command and Description set kadelay kad lt minutes gt Specifies how many minutes a TCP TELNET connection remains idle before sending keep alive packets The default is 20 minutes set kainterval kai lt seconds gt Specifies how often keep alive packets are sent before ending a connection The default is 75 seconds A 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Configuration Defaults Table A 7 IP Subsystem Commands Command and Description interface add lt vlanid gt lt ipaddr gt lt prefixlen gt lt mask gt iftlype bic n bma p top lt nbr_addr gt Allows
23. system Xi ESTE Preface PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual es P dE Iz Features Overview This chapter provides an overview of the major features of the PowerHub 7000 8000 The fea tures discussed include Intelligent Packet Switching e Software e Network Management 1 1 Intelligent Packet Switching Much of the packet switching in the PowerHub is performed by the Packet Engine PE The PE is the centralized packet processing and forwarding engine of the PowerHub When a packet is received on a segment the packet is forwarded to the PE and placed in Shared Mem ory where it is examined and either dropped or forwarded as applicable The PowerHub 7000utilizes the first generation Packet Engine Packet Engine 1 PE1 while the PowerHub 8000 utilizes the second generation Packet Engine Packet Engine 2 PE2 n O HA o je lt 0 D s O 1 1 1 Packet Engine The processors on board the PE contain the bridging and routing engines that intelligently examine packet headers for bridging and routing and modifying them as required for rout ing When a non intelligent Network Interface Module NIM receives a packet from one of its ports it places the packet on the Packet Channel and transfers it directly to the shared packet buffer memory on the PE The Main CPU MCPU in the PE examines the source and destination addresses in the packet to determine the segments to which the packet n
24. 1 Trace Signal Counter My Claim Counter My Beacon Counter Other Beacon Counter TRT Expired Counter Duplicate Claim Counter 152 PowerHub fddi 00 00 00 00 ef 03 9a b0 n 2 0 primary secondary isolated 00 00 8 00 00 00 00 00 ef 03 9a b0 00 00 8 00 00 00 167 milliseconds 167 milliseconds 167 milliseconds 2 621 milliseconds n ing operational A port None B port None ue ORO DE DE e GN PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual 11 9 7 8 E Sa E as 92 e U S E o Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI 11 9 Statistics The status command is used to display statistics of FDDI modules This command displays information that is tracked with the FDDI counters Statistics tracked with the status command are Eu not specific to a FDDI segment but the module as a whole In addition to the standard Ethernet and FDDI packet statistics available the bridge stats command see Chapter 10 can be used to display statistics that apply specifically to the FDDI modules For each FDDI module the software maintains counters for the following FDDI packet statistics Number of packets forwarded locally from one FDDI segment to the other on the module This number is always 0 for the Single FDDI and the Universal Single FDDI module Number of packets forwarded to the Packet Engine because the FDDI Engine could not make a forwarding decision for the packet Number of p
25. 1 3 6 1 4 1 326 alAtmAMASlotNum consecutive atmLinkdowns have 2 6 1 1 2 5 ber occured Once atmFaults occur alatm 5 atmLinkdown traps will not be sent powerFailure Indicates power failure has 1 3 6 1 4 1 326 alPSNumber occured in the reported slot 2 6 1 1 1 1 alchassis 1 boardFailure Indicates an intelligent card fail 1 3 6 1 4 1 326 alSlotNumber ure in the reported slot 2 6 1 1 1 2 alchassi 2 alLoginFailure The login failure trap indicates 1 3 6 1 4 1 326 alLastLoginFailure that the login failed due to some 2 6 2 1 15 1 TimeDate error condition during the login alsystem 1 alLastLoginSourceAd process dress o alLastLoginFailureU Z serld S alLastLoginFailureRe S ason 3 D 5 a D 12 4 1 SNMP Configuration The config command is used to display the current SNMP configuration of communities and managers The syntax for this command is as follows config show 1 lt community name gt where El Optionally specifies the list of managers and trap configurations lt community name gt Optionally specifies the community to display The following example displays the default SNMP configuration Notice that no options are specified PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 12 7 SNMP Commands 74 PowerHub snmp config Community Access public ro 75 PowerHub snmp 12 8 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual SNMP Commands 12 5 Displaying Statistics The
26. 1 Packet Modifications On Monitoring Segment 7 10 Table 7 2 Segment State Detection MethodS o oo 7 25 Table 7 3 Automatic Segment State Detection Default Settings 7 25 Table 7 4 Segment Level Statistic ParameterS o o 7 31 Table 10 1 Configuration Arguments 0 eee eee eee 10 10 Table 10 2 IPX Translation Bridging Encapsulations 10 16 Table 12 1 Standard Traps eee 12 4 Table 12 2 Enterprise Specific Traps 00 cece eee eee 12 6 Table 12 3 SunNet Manager Utilities o o o ooo o 12 13 Table A 1 Boot PROM Commands 00 0 0 eee eee eee A 1 Table A 2 Global Subsystem Commands 0 000 0 cee eeee A 1 Table A 3 ATALK Subsystem Commands oocccccccc eee eeee A 2 Table A 4 Bridge Subsystem Commands 020000e eee eeee A 2 Table A 5 DECnet Subsystem Commands 0000000ee eee A 3 Table A 6 Host Subsystem Commands 000e cece ene A 4 Table A 7 IP Subsystem Commands 0 000 cece eens A 5 Table A 8 IP Multicast Subsystem Commands 0000000 A 6 Table A 9 IP OSPF Subsystem Commands 00000e0 eee A 7 Table A 10 IP RIP Subsystem Commands 00000 cece eeeee A 7 Table A 11 IPX Subsystem Commands 0 00 cece een eens A 8 Table A 12 TFTP Subsystem Commands 00000e ee eeeee A 8 Table B 1 Point to Point Netbooting llis B 3
27. 10 11 39 The information provided in the ver command contains PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual System Commands 6 17 o lt o 3 O fe 3 3 D 2 D System Commands Card Type Serial Model Revision Issue Deviation Runtime Version PROM Version The module currently installed in the slot The serial number of the module The model number of the module The revision level of the module The module issue number If applicable displays the factory assigned deviation number Only some modules have deviation numbers Displays the installed software version with the software build number date and time Displays the installed PROM version information which includes the version number with build date and time PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual S2 1248 32 84 Media Commands This chapter describes the media subsystem commands The media subsystem commands relate to the physical media and bridging configuration information The commands within the media subsystem are 24 PowerHub media help media subsystem config segment isstats segmentname segname name ledmode 1m ssd monitor ssdthreshold ssdt operating mode om status portreceive pr stats portstats 25 PowerHub media PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 7 1 SPULWILUOD eIpa A Media Commands 7 1 Displaying Bridge Related Configuration The config command is used to
28. 18 52 227 86 of the NASA Supplement to the FAR or any successor regulations Printed in the USA No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced in any form Reproduction adaptation or translation with out prior written permission is prohibited except as allowed under the copyright laws This publication is provided by FORE Systems Inc as is without warranty of any kind either express or implied includ ing but not limited to the implied warranties or conditions of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose FORE Systems Inc shall not be liable for any errors or omissions which may occur in this publication nor for incidental or conse quential damages of any kind resulting from the furnishing performance or use of this publication Information published here is current or planned as of the date of publication of this document Because we are improving and adding features to our products continuously the information in this document is subject to change without notice RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND Use duplication or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 October 1988 and FAR 52 227 19 June 1987 The VxWorks software used in the Mini Loader is licensed from Wind River Systems Inc Copyright 01984 1996 FCC CLASS A NOTICE WARNING Changes or modifications to t
29. 3 Other Files Additional files that may be installed on the PowerHub are files that are used for testing the system bootdef Used by the system when the software is booted to identify the name of the system software image configuration file and or boot source dispcfg Configuration file that runs a series of commands that display system configuration information and statistics This file is useful to assist FORE Systems TAC in diagnosing configuration problems 3 2 4 Created Files In addition to the files that are shipped installed on the system the following files can be cre ated and saved during a session cfg Configuration file created when issuing the system savecfg cfgortftp savecfg cfg command The configuration file can be saved under any DOS compatible filename but the configuration must be manually loaded unless the user also edits the boot def file to contain the configuration file name root env Environment file for root sessions created when issuing the saveenv root env command Environment files can be saved under any DOS compatible filename but must be manually loaded 3 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual PowerHub Files monitor env Environment file for monitor sessions created when issuing the saveenv monitor env command Environment files can be saved under any other DOS compatible filename but must be manually loaded powerhub dmp Dump file created if a system crash is experienced
30. 8000 Installation and Maintenance Manual The PowerHub implementation of netbooting uses the Boot Protocol BOOTP and Trivial File Transfer Protocols TFTP PowerHub netbooting is designed to be fully compliant with RFCs 951 1048 and 1350 The PowerHub can netboot over any type of Ethernet segment on a 13x1 16x1 4x4 4x6 or Ethernet AMA on a Universal Ethernet Module After configuring the PowerHub for netbooting the netboot process can begin by booting or rebooting the system using any of the following methods e Press the reset switch RST located on the front of the Packet Engine e Issue the reboot command e Issue the boot b command at the PROM 7pe prompt Turn the power supply off then back on B 1 Choosing a Netbooting Method The boot process differs depending on whether the client PowerHub and server are on the same subnet or different subnets Accordingly netbooting process depends on the network configuration Point to point netbooting can be used if the client PowerHub and the BOOTP TFTP server are on the same subnet The subnet can be a single segment or multiple segments connected by bridges Point to point netbooting is the simplest to implement Point to point netbooting is recommend when the client PowerHub and the BOOTP TFTP server are all on the same subnet If the client PowerHub and server are on different subnets do one of the following e Implement a boot helper service on the client PowerHub subn
31. Host Commands 9 1 Accessing the Host Subsystem To access the host subsystem issue the following command at any runtime command prompt host The following commands are available in the host subsystem config kill filter stats kainterval kai status kadelaylkad template The filter and template commands are discussed in the PowerHub 7000 8000 Filters Reference Manual 9 2 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Host Commands 9 2 Displaying the Configuration The config command is used to display configuration parameters used by the host sub system The syntax for this command is config show tcp fi lters ru les tem plates lt disprestrictions gt where tcp fi lters ru les tem plates Specifies whether to display the TCP configuration configured host filters rules or templates lt disprestrictions gt Optionally the configuration information pertinent to a specific segment or segment list can be displayed If no restrictions are supplied the specified configuration is displayed for all segments The following example shows the displays associated with each of the required command line arguments 104 PowerHub host config tcp TCP Configuration I SPARE 2 Round Trip Algorithm vanj O Min Rexmit Interval 1000 ms o Max Rexmit Interval 64000 ms 3 Max Connections Allowed 2 2 connection idle time 20 minutes e keep alive interval kainterval 75 seconds keep alive delay kadelay 1200
32. Manual 5 3 spuewwos Jeqoj5 Global Commands 39 PowerHub system copy cfg fd cfgl copy copying cfg to fd cfgl 40 PowerHub system 5 1 4 Default Device The default device dd command is used to set the default device for file operations within the current session Subsequent file names that do not include a device name are auto matically referred to this device The syntax for this command is as follows default device dd set device where lt device gt The specified device can be d for the floppy diskette or fm for the Flash Memory Module Since the PowerHub 8000 has only one device this command is not applicable The following example sets the default device to the floppy diskette d PowerHub 7000 only 43 PowerHub system dd set fd default device set to FD 44 PowerHub system 5 1 5 Directory The dir 1s commands are used to display a listing of the contents of the files on the default or a specified device These commands present a DOS or UNIX like listing of the contents of the files The syntax for this command is as follows 1ls dir default device lt device gt lt filespec gt where default device lt device gt Specifies a device if the default device is not the device being queried The device can be fd fm or for the PowerHub 8000 fe only lt filespec gt Specifies the files to display The asterisk wild card can be used to display all files of a particular type T
33. PowerHubUI Table 2 1 Subsystems Subsystem Description Refer To global System wide commands Chapter 5 Global Com mands system Display and manage hardware configuration items Chapter 6 System Com manage file save and load configuration files mands Default subsystem when powering on the system media Define information about physical links Chapter 7 Media Com mands nvram Non Volatile Random Access Memory NVRAM Chapter 8 NVRAM Commands host Define and display TELNET control characters dis Chapter 9 Host Com play active TCP connections and UDP agents mands bridge Bridging Spanning Tree and IPX translation bridging Chapter 10 Bridge Commands fddi Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI Chapter 11 Fiber Dis tributed Data Interface snmp Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP Chapter 12 SNMP Commands tftp Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP Chapter 13 TFIP Com mands telnet Outbound Telnet Chapter 14 Telnet Com mands atalk AppleTalk PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Man ual 2 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Table 2 1 Subsystems Software Subsystems Subsystem Description Refer To atm Asynchronous Transfer Mode atm PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Man ual dec DECnet PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Man ual ip Internet Protocol IP IP RIP IP
34. RZACEMSHN ET RRS Co TEL YRI ReELCFSVS This equipment is in the Class 1 category Information Technology Equipment to be used in commercial and or industrial areas and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council For Interference by Information Technology Equipment aimed at preventing radio interference in commercial and or industrial areas Consequently when used in a residential area or in an adjacent area thereto radio interference may be caused to radios and TV receivers etc Read the instructions for correct handling CE NOTICE Marking by the symbol CE indicates compliance of this system to the EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility directive of the European Community and compliance to the Low Voltage Safety Directive Such marking is indicative that this system meets or exceeds the following technical standards EN 55022 Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Interference Characteristics of Information Tech nology Equipment EN 50082 1 Electromagnetic compatibility Generic immunity standard Part 1 Residential commercial and light industry SAFETY CERTIFICATIONS ETL certified to meet Information Technology Equipment safety standards UL 1950 3rd Edition CSA22 2 No 950 95 EN 60950 1992 and IEC 950 2nd Edition CANADIAN IC CS 03 COMPLIANCE STATEMENT NOTICE The Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment This certification means that the equipment meets cer tain telecommuni
35. Refer to Chapter 5 for infor mation on the stty command eurT pueuiulo2 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 4 3 Command Line Interface 4 2 Command Syntax The command syntax is comprised of verbs nouns and parameters Understanding what each syntax component can do is important in understanding how to issue commands 4 2 1 Verb Objects The command verbs described in the following paragraphs consist of e set unset e define undefine e attach detach e enable disable e show clear 4 2 1 1 set and unset Set and unset apply or remove settings Some examples include e Boot order the device from which the system attempts to load the runtime soft ware e Scroll control stty parameters e Timed commands e Routing protocols e Specific bridging and routing protocol features When the set or unset verb is prepended by c p nor s it applies only to specific segments c p or networks n s 4 2 1 2 define and undefine Define and undefine are primarily used when creating or deleting filter templates rules and or filters themselves Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Filters Reference Manual for detailed information on the use of define and undefine 4 2 1 3 attach and detach Attach and detach are primarily used to apply or remove templates rules and or filters to segments or interfaces Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Filters Reference Manual for detailed information on the use of define and undefine
36. SunNet Manager used to prepare these files Table 12 3 SunNet Manager Utilities Identifiers used by SNMP to communicate into the identifiers that SunNet Manager understands schema A MIB converted from ASN 1 format mib2schema MIB name schema trap Active traps for a particular MIB mib2schema MIB name trap OID Object Identify file Translates the Object mib2schema lt MIB name gt oid Where MIB name is the name of the MIB PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual spuewwod dNNS 12 13 SNMP Commands 12 14 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual e P 1E E TFTP Commands The tftp subsystem contains the PowerHub implementation of TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol Use the t ftp subsystem commands to perform the following tasks e Set a default TFTP server IP address e Display the default TFTP server IP address e Unset the default TFTP server IP address e Download or display a file stored on a TFTP server e Upload a file to a TFTP server e Load activate a configuration file stored on a TFTP server e Save a configuration file to a TFTP server To make use of the commands in this subsystem a TFTP server must be configured to support TFTP file transfers The procedures for configuring a TFIP server depend upon the particular type of server being used Refer to the appropriate server documentation for specific configu ration information Als
37. This feature is by default disabled Issue the config st command to display the Spanning Tree settings then check the value in the Sending Fast Hellos field 10 12 2 High and Low Utilization Percentage If the fast hello timer feature is enabled when a segment s utilization exceeds an upper end value lt high util gt the software automatically compensates for the increased traffic by using fast hello time to transmit hello packets The fast hello time is less than the normal config ured hello time When all segments utilizations drop below a lower end value lt low util gt the hello time reverts to normal either previously configured or system defaults The high and low utilization percentage values specify the upper end value of segment utili zation If segment utilization exceeds this value and the fast hello timer feature is enabled the software automatically compensates for the increased network traffic 10 22 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Bridge Commands 10 13Statistics The stats show command is used to display or clear bridge statistics of bridge table misses When the clear argument is specified all bridge statistics are cleared to zero 0 then statistics gathering begins Once cleared the statistics shown in the stats displays show the counts since the most recent clear rather than since the most recent reboot The syntax for this command is as follows stats clear stats show The followi
38. a standard IP subnet mask to be used If a particular network uses IP subnet addressing then the subnet mask should be specified here using dotted decimal notation Otherwise the system uses a default subnet mask equal to the natural subnet mask for the particular class of address br oadcast 011 Specifies the style of broadcast address on a segment by segment basis The default is br1 met ric lt metric gt Specifies an additional cost of using the subnet interface The default is one route enable disable lt destination gt lt gw ipaddr gt lt metric gt lt segment gt Specifies whether to enable or disable IP routing The default is disable arp set show unset age lt time gt lt time gt Specifies in minutes a new aging interval or turns aging off The default is 5 minutes ping pi t lt timeout gt size lt size gt lt ipaddr gt t lt timeout gt Specifies how many seconds to wait for a response from the specified device The default is 5 seconds size lt size gt Specifies the packet length Specify any length from 64 through 1472 bytes The default is 64 bytes ipdefaultttl ittl set value Specifies the new TTL time in hops The default is 16 hops enable disable send icmp redirect sir Specifies whether you are enabling or disabling ICMP redirect messages The default is enable PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual A 5 le E e E
39. as follows readcfg rdcfg v h lt host gt lt remote file gt where v Displays the configuration commands as they are executed h lt host gt Specifies the IP address of the TFTP server If not specified the default TFTP server is used The default TFTP server is specified using the server set command see Section 13 3 1 lt remote file gt Specifies the name of the configuration file to read Specify a name that is meaningful to the TFTP program on the server For example if the server contains a subdirectory called configs and this directory is specified as the TFTP home directory do not specify configs as part of the file name As with the get command if a host server name is not specified and no default server name has been configured an error message is displayed The following example reads loads the configuration file cfg from the remote t ftpboot server in the fore configs directory An outbound Telnet session is opened first to effect the transfer The outbound Telnet session is not closed during this process 67 PowerHub tftp readcfg cfg System name set to PowerHub System location set to Undefined dcd detection disabled Bridge Table aging time set to 60 minutes 68 PowerHub tftp 13 12 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual TFTP Commands 13 7 Save Configuration The savecfg svcfg command is used to save the current configuration to a remote TFTP host To save a configuratio
40. bridge table If the address is not listed in the table an entry is added to the table The entry contains the source device s MAC address the segment number on which the packet was received and other information used for bridging Static entries are created using the add argument A static entry is manually added to the bridge table rather than learned by the bridge table Static entries are not subject to aging and remain in the bridge table until removed Moreover they are saved in the configuration file when the configuration is saved see Chapter 6 The syntax for this command is as follows bt add lt ethaddr gt lt seglist gt bt delete lt ethaddr gt bt show h m t lt disprestrict gt bt clear where ethaddr Specifies the MAC layer address of the device to add or delete bridge table entries Specify the address as six hyphen separated two digit hexadecimal octets ex 08 00 20 0 a5 ab lt seglist gt Specifies the segment or segments to add to the bridge table h Displays the hash displacements for the specified entries m Displays entries for multi homed hosts t Displays the total number of entries in the table The total is comprised of all learned and permanent static entries This argument also shows how many entries remain available in the bridge pool that is the number of entries for which the table still has room lt disprestrict gt Optional display restrictions of a
41. by a display of a configured vlan The the port numbering mode is set to the old style and the same vlan is displayed Notice that the Segment List field in the first vlan display shows the segment as lt slot gt lt port gt and in the second vlan display the Segment List displays the virtual port The multi part numbering uses the physical segments on the installed cards counting from the card in slot 1 up to the last segment on the last card installed in the system The virtual port vport numbering system consecutively numbers each seg ment available in the system Using the multi mode scheme the vlan shown is on the first seg Q ment of the card in slot 2 o o 5 12 PowerHub ipf pnm e pnm multi 13 PowerHub ipf vlan 3 VLAN State Segment List i EIE NOM o techpubs up 2 1 7 VLAN Count 1 14 PowerHub ipf pnm set old 15 PowerHub ip vlan VLAN State Segment List techpubs up 33 VLAN Count 1 16 PowerHub ip 5 1 12 Return Code Prompt The reprompt command is used to enable or disable printing of command return codes for commands executed automatically from a script This feature is intended primarily for auto mated interactions with the command line interface The syntax for this command is as fol lows PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 5 9 Global Commands rcprompt enable disable where enable disable Enables or disables printing of command return codes in the next UI prompt Retur
42. commands can be used to select the segments to monitor The segments being monitored can be changed without moving the analyzer to another seg ment In addition traffic on more than one segment can be monitored simultaneously without the need to use multiple analyzers on multiple segments To enable port monitoring perform the following steps 1 Log on at the root access level 2 Disable forwarding on the segment to which the analyzer is attached issuing the segment penable pdisable lt segment list gt command where seg ment list specifies the segment or segments to which the analyzer is to be attached refer to Section 7 9 for more information on the segment command If the Port Monitoring feature is being used E frequently configure one segment for Port Monitoring to prevent having to disable forwarding each time this feature is used SPUBWILUOD E21 3 Enable port monitoring with the monitor set command refer to Section 7 5 for descriptions of the options and parameters available for use with the monitor set command 7 4 4 How Port Monitoring Works Conceptually port monitoring copies packets from the monitored segments to the monitor ing segments Actually packets are not really copied because this would dramatically reduce performance Instead a pointer to the packet buffer containing a monitored packet is placed on the transmit queue for the monitoring segment s and the packet buffer is freed up on
43. default In general automatic segment state detection should be left at the factory default settings 7 11 1 3 Disabled on AUI When automatic segment state detection is enabled the AUI segments are not enabled until the segments receive traffic In most configurations the AUI segments are connected to devices that are prepared to generate traffic However connecting AUI segments to AUI seg ments on another PowerHub if the other PowerHub has automatic segment state detection enabled on these segments results in no traffic exchanged by the segments Each end of the segment waits to receive traffic before becoming enabled As a result neither end of the seg ment becomes enabled and no traffic is exchanged If the device at the other end of the AUI segment is prepared to generate traffic enable auto matic segment state detection on the segment When the segment receives traffic from the other device the segment is enabled 7 11 1 4 Segment State Detection on 10Base T Automatic segment state detection should be enabled for all 10Base T UTP segments even if they are not going to be used If automatic segment state detection is disabled the Ethernet controllers on the corresponding 10Base T segments do not stop using the forwarding buffer for those segments Instead they fill their transmit buffers even though no traffic needs to be forwarded Full buffers can negatively affect packet throughput 7 26 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Refere
44. entry is removed from the table The syntax for this command is as follows aging set lt time gt aging unset where time Specifies the aging time to clear learned entries in seconds Aging time must be specified in integrals of 60 seconds Default is 60 minutes 3600 seconds In the following examples the aging time is displayed 60 minutes then disabled unset and set to 30 minutes wW 2 Q o le o 3 3 D 3 2 D 9 PowerHub bridge aging Bridge table aging time 60 minutes 10 PowerHub bridge aging unset Aging time specified is short Shorter Aging time may affect Powerhub performance Bridge Table aging turned off 11 PowerHub bridge aging set 1800 Bridge Table aging time set to 30 minutes 12 PowerHub bridge PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 10 3 Bridge Commands 10 3 Bridging The bridging br command is used to display enable and disable bridging If the command is entered without an argument the current bridging status is displayed The syntax for this command is as follows bridging br show bridging br pen penable segment list all bridging br pdis able segment list all where pen penable Enables bridging on the specified segment or segment list pdis able Disables bridging on the specified segment or segment list lt segment list gt all Specifies the segments on which to enable or disable bridging Specify one segment a comma separated list of segmen
45. ethan env ethan env where a Specifies net ASCII mode Files are transferred in binary mode by default fore ph ethan env Source file name with path information ethan env Destination file name This name must be in the DOS file naming format filename ext 13 2 3 File Naming Conventions Local file names are optional when using the get command The local file name can be omit ted if the file name is eight characters or fewer in length with an extension no longer than three characters and the name does not need to be changed 13 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual TFTP Commands Suppose the PowerHub has access to the TFTP server at the TFTP directory as shown in the following example TFTP fore ph sascha env ethan env lotsofdots If the get command is issued without specifying the local file name sascha env an error message is displayed on the PowerHub To download the file lot sofdots a local file name fitting the DOS file naming conventions must be specified as shown in the following example where lotsofdots is renamed spots get a fore ph lotsofdots spots 13 2 4 Remote File Names Some TFTP servers require that the remote file name exist on the server before allowing any thing to be written to that file name If this is required create a zero length file on the server Unix touch lt filename gt command specifying the name of the remote file name that is to be used with the put or savecf
46. follows status show tcp udp where tcpludp Specifies to display either the TCP or UDP active connections If neither is specified both are displayed Following is an example of the TCP table 197 PowerHub host status Active TCP Connections Conn Id Rem IP Addr Rem Port Loc IP Addr Loc Port Conn State 17 169 144 86 49 23 169 144 86 54 1495 ESTABLISHED List of registered UDP clients 161 snmp 520 rip 198 PowerHub host For each TCP connection the following information is displayed ConnID A unique integer that identifies the connection This identifier can be used to terminate the connection using the kill connection id command Rem IP Addr The IP address of the remote device that initiated the connection Rem Port A process port number for the remote device management station Note that the process port number is unrelated to the physical port or segment numbers It is assigned by the remote operating system Loc IP Addr The IP address of the local device This is always the PowerHub Loc Port A process port number Unrelated to the physical port or segment numbers It is a well known port number used by the TELNET process 9 10 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Host Commands Conn State The connection state of the standard TCP state machine CLOSEDCLOSING CLOSE WAITESTABLISHED FIN WAIT 1FIN WAIT 2 LAST ACKLISTEN SYN RECEIVEDSYN SENT TIME WAIT Most of these states ar
47. if the attached configura tion of the segment is isolated ATM segments are down if the ELAN on the segment goes down or the physical link to the PHY goes down In these cases no threshold is shown SPUeuwuIoo eIpa A PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 7 29 Media Commands 7 13 Status The status command is used to display the port level status of the specified or all ports on in the system The syntax for this command is as follows status show lt params gt lt display restrictors gt where lt params gt Optionally specifies a comma separated list of link partition polarity If no parameters are specified status of all ports is displayed lt display restrictors gt Optionally specifies a segment range of segments or a comma separated list of segments to display port status As shown in the example below the Link Test Partitioning and Polarity of all UTP ports is dis played 90 PowerHub media status Link Test SOR AV NE in Som ie SS ee ee V uu in Slot 1 Y Y Partitioning Slot 2 Slot 1 Polarity Slot 2 Slot I 91 PowerHub mediaf 7 30 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Media Commands 7 14 Statistics The stats command is used to display media level statistics If port statistics are being col lected see Section they are displayed in place of segment wide statistics unless the s flag is specifi
48. is in slot 5 the top slot in a 5 slot chassis e The presence and status of power modules indicated by PM1 PM2 PM3 and PM4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 6 5 System Commands e The slot number and starting segment number of the modules in each slot and the media type in use in each segment position The row beginning 01 01 displays the configuration of the module in slot 1 beginning with segment 1 Empty NIM slots are not displayed 6 1 5 Convert Config The convert config ccfg command reads a configuration file from pre Forethought Pow erHub software and saves it to a ForeThought 5 1 0 compatible format The syntax for this com mand is as follows convert config ccfg default device lt device gt lt oldui filename gt default device lt device gt lt newui filename gt where default device lt device gt lt oldui filename gt default device lt device gt lt newui filename gt Specifies the device or the default device if no device is specified and the filename of the pre ForeThought software configuration file Specifies the device or the default device if no device is specified and the filename of the ForeThought software configuration file The following example converts a configuration file c g which is maintained on a floppy diskette to c g2 which is also stored on a floppy diskette 92 PowerHub system ccfg fd cfg fd cfg2 tHE Switching to OLDUI E HH HH Readi
49. oot rex ee A are d eae 11 7 11 8 FDDIMIB Variables llslseeeeee eee 11 8 ES A e ru ete eg diente eq dun 11 10 CHAPTER 12 SNMP Commands 12 1 Accessing the SNMP Subsystem o ooocccoccoccoc ees 12 2 12 2 SNMP Community 0000 cette eee 12 3 123 Standard Traps a aii uia a E ar e E Ga aaia iar aaa aAa aa aaa eee 12 4 12 4 Enterprise Specific Traps 12 6 12 4 1 SNMP Configuration 0 00 cece eh 12 7 12 5 Displaying Statistics lilii eee 12 9 12 6 Adding an SNMP Manager 0060 e cece nen 12 11 12 7 Using SunNet ManageT ooccccccccccnc eee 12 13 CHAPTER 13 TFTP Commands 13 1 Accessing the TFTP SubsysteM o o coccocccocooc eee 13 2 19 2 Considerations s 4444 ra ds rada laa 13 3 13 2 1 TFTP Commands and UNIX Read Write Permissions 13 3 132 2 Path Names oooccocccccccocc e n 13 4 TOC 6 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Table of Contents 13 2 3 File Naming Conventions 0 0000 e cece eee ees 13 4 13 2 4 Remote File NamesS ooooocococonoorro ene 13 5 189 3 TFTPCommands 000 cece teens 13 6 13 3 1 Setting the Default Server 00000 c cece eee 13 6 13 4 DownloadingaFile 0 II 13 7 13 5 Uploading a Fileas os eiia s beads PRR dada ERR MERGER 13 9 13 6 Read Configuration liliis en 13 12 19 7 Save Gonfig ration ves tee sisi teehee A A oud edge desees 13 13 CHAPTER 14 Telnet Com
50. options Example active ama aa show linemode lm lt slot gt all In this example the enclose an optional argument The command can be issued without the argument s shown in However if specified the argument must be one of the two options listed between the PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual lt AaBbCcDad gt Preface Indicates a parameter for which a value is supplied by the operator When used in command syntax lt italics gt indicates the value to be supplied Example savecfg lt filename gt AaBbCcDd 16 PowerHub system bootinfo In this example lt filename gt is a parameter for which a value must be supplied when the command is issued Indicates a field name or a file name An example of a field name is when booting the software the login prompt is displayed A filename example is when booting the software the system looks for a file name cfg Indicates text commands displayed by the software or typed at the command prompt To distinguish output generated from a command the typed input is shown in bold typeface Example Tue Jan 20 15 46 25 1998 start Tue Jan 20 15 46 34 1998 nvram boot order fm boot device m 17 PowerHub system PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual In this example the user enters bootinfo and the software responds with Tue Jan 20 15 46 25 1998 start Tue Jan 20 15 46 34 1998 nvram boot order fm boot device m 17 PowerHub
51. seconds Time to disconnect on idle conn 30 minutes 0 seconds 105 PowerHub host config fi Host Filter Template Definitions Filter Templates Host Receive Filter attachments Segment Filter 107 PowerHub hostf config ru Host Filter Template Definitions Filter Templates 108 PowerHub host config tem T Source IP address mask Destination IP address mask ipproto TCP UDP source port dest port TCP conreq Action PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 9 3 Host Commands The first example displays the following information about the current TCP configuration parameters e The round trip algorithm used is the Van Jacobson algorithm e The minimum retransmit interval is 1 000 milliseconds e The maximum retransmit interval is 64 000 milliseconds e The maximum number of simultaneous TELNET TCP connections that can be supported is two e The connection idle time is 20 minutes e The keep alive interval is 75 seconds e The keep alive delay is 1200 seconds The time allowed before an idle connection is automatically disconnected is 30 minutes This value is based on the values of the connection idle time and the keep alive interval e The other examples display any configured host filters rules or templates This particular system has no filters rules or templates configured 9 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Host Commands 9 3 Keep Alive Delay The kadelay kad command is used to specify how long
52. 0 eee eee 1 4 1 2 Software Features ooooccoccooco hne 1 5 1 2 1 Multiprocessor Optimization liliis 1 5 1 2 2 BootSources 1 tees 1 6 1 2 3 Command Line Interface ooooocccccccccco 1 6 1 2 4 File Management System 0000 cece eee eee 1 6 1 2 5 Concurrent Command Line Sessions 000000 eee eens 1 6 1 2 6 Configuration Files 0 0 0 0c ccc eee 1 6 1 2 7 Parameter Files 000 c eee eee tee eee 1 7 1 2 8 Automatic Segment State Detection oooooocococoooo 1 7 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual TOC 1 Table of Contents 1 2 9 Segment Statistics 2 i4sgnssteietbesatieicesiy veu ee 1 8 1 2 10 Traffic Monitoring lees 1 8 1 2 11 Virtual Local Area Networks VLANS 0200 eee eee 1 8 1 2 12 Bridging and Routing llis 1 8 1 2 12 1 Bridge Table and Cache o oocccccocccccoo 1 8 1 2 42 27 002 dotar APTE Ged Gen EE RUE s 1 9 1 2 12 3 Spanning Tree oooooccoccococnco elles 1 9 1 2 12 4 IPX Translation Bridging lisse 1 9 1 2 12 5 IP ROU sete re eR E aia 1 9 1 2 12 5 1 Routing Information Protocol RIP 1 10 1 2 12 5 2 Open Shortest Path First OSPF 1 10 1 2 12 6 AppleTalk Routing llle 1 10 T1 2 12 7 APA ROUN acre ete rpm ER ERO ES 1 10 1 2 12 8 DECnet Routing 2 0 00 ee 1 10 1 2 13 Route Protocol Statistics llle 1 11 1 2 14 Security Filters
53. 00 Software Reference Manual 4 3 On line Help Command Line Interface Entering help at the command prompt displays the commands that can be executed at that level The example below shows a sample display produced by this command 2 PowerHub system help system subsystem baud bootinfo bi card swap cs config convert config ccfg date dcd detection dcd ethaddr ea idprom idp passwd readcfg rdcfg reboot savecfg svcfg syslocn sysname temperature temp tty2 uptime version ver type global help for global commands type shex to show an example of configuration 3 PowerHub system As shown in the display below entering global help displays the global commands and entering shex provides examples on configuring the PowerHub This information is dis played whenever help is entered from any command prompt Entering global help and shex results in the following displays 236 PowerHub system global help global subsystem alias checksum copy cp default device dd dir format fmt help history hi histchars logout bye lis pnm PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual rcprompt readenv rdenv rename mv rm saveenv svenv show config example shex stty su subsystems ss timedcmd tc typelcat unalias eurT pueuiulo2 Command Line Interface 237 PowerHub system shex The following shows a short example to configure ip interface ip vlan add 200 200 200 200 2 1 add a
54. 05 June 1 1998 e PowerHub 7000 8000 Installation and Maintenance Manual MANUO166 02 June 1 1998 e PowerHub 7000 8000 Filters Reference Manual MANUO168 02 June 1 1998 e PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual MANUO271 02 June 1 1998 ESTE PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual iii Preface Technical Support In the U S A customers can reach FORE Systems Technical Assistance Center TAC using any one of the following methods 1 Select the Support link from FORE s World Wide Web page http www fore com 2 Send questions via e mail to support fore com 3 Telephone questions to support at 800 671 FORE 3673 or 724 742 6999 4 FAX questions to support at 724 742 7900 Technical support for customers outside the United States should be handled through the local distributor or via telephone at the following number 1 724 742 6999 No matter which method is used to reach FORE Support customers should be ready to pro vide the following e Asupport contract ID number e The serial number of each product in question All relevant information describing the problem or question PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Preface Typographical Styles Throughout this manual all specific commands meant to be entered by the user appear on a separate line in bold typeface In addition use of the Enter or Return key is represented as lt ENTER gt The followin
55. 1 9 History Characters The histchars command can be used to display the current history characters or set differ ent history characters The syntax for this command is as follows histchars chl ch2 The following example displays the current default history characters 9 PowerHub system histchars history sub quick sub 10 PowerHub system A For each session a history of the 32 most recently issued commands is maintained The history commands can be used to display to reissue or edit and reissue commands To reissue or edit commands listed in the command history use the history control characters The default his tory control characters are PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 5 7 Global Commands History prefix character A Quick substitution character The history control characters can be used to form commands to be reissued or modified and reissued from the command history The history commands used to edit and reissue com mands listed in the command history are discussed below The syntax is shown using the default history characters Repeats the previous command lt n gt Repeats a command listed in the command history where lt n gt indicates the number of the command as listed in the history display I lt j gt Issues a previously issued command where lt i gt is the offset back from the current command For example the command 1 gives the same results as whic
56. 5 13 Global Commands The following example sets the baud rate of tty1 to the default of 9600 baud and the baud rate of tty2 to 4800 baud This is followed by a display of the current tty settings 7 PowerHub system stty default t tty2 4800 8 PowerHub system stty TTY Current Baud Rate NVRAM Baud Rate 1 9600 9600 25 0 0 ra 4800 rows 24 more disabled dcd detection is currently disabled 9 PowerHub system 5 1 19 Set User The su command can be used to nest access levels within the current session from root to monitor The syntax for this command is as follows su root monitor where root monitor Changes the access level of the current session to either a root or monitor session If the current session is root the only available option is monitor and vice versa Entering logout returns the session to the root access level When nested in a monitor session the user has no root privileges The default is root The following example switches the current user session from root to monitor An attempt is then made to change the session back to root An error message is presented Then the monitor session is exited by entering logout 1 PowerHub system su monitor Ok 2 PowerHub system gt su root Cannot nest su commands use logout to end sub session 3 PowerHub system gt logout 4 PowerHub system 5 1 20 Subsystems The subsystems ss command displays a list of available subsystems to the console T
57. 5 7 11 1 2 Default Setting liliis 7 25 7 11 1 3 Disabled on AUl oococooocccococcccco 7 26 7 11 1 4 Segment State Detection on 10Base T 7 26 7 11 1 5 Explicitly Disabling Unused Segments 7 27 7 12 Segment State Detection Threshold 0 00 cece eee eee 7 28 A 7 30 Fla Sta Sata a a eee de e eed wert d DAA anda 7 31 CHAPTER8 NVRAM Commands 8 1 NVRAM Configuration Commands 0 000 0c eee eee eee 8 1 8 1 1 Boot Order cios sl ERiE ee ee hated ES 8 1 8 1 2 My Internet Protocol AdUressS o ooocccocooooooco eee 8 2 8 1 3 My Subnet Mask sss ae 8 3 8 1 4 File Server IP Address 00 00 ccc eee eee teens 8 3 8 1 5 Gateway IP Address 000 ccc eee eens 8 4 8 1 6 Crash Reboot diners nees irar thy Basel iem e 8 5 8 1 7 Slot Segments oooccccccc eee 8 5 8 2 RIPv2 Authentication 0 2 00 e 8 8 CHAPTER9 Host Commands 9 1 Accessing the Host Subsystem 000 cece esee 9 2 9 2 Displaying the Configuration liliis eh 9 3 9 3 Keep Alive Delay nias ancta ct moacd inh eR ey etd ex tp xd Reg S p 9 5 9 4 Keep Alive Interval cul ais Er Eb XR RE XE RR REY na pu 9 6 9 5 Ending Killing a TCP Connection 00000 cee BR 9 7 9 6 SUAUSTICS iii dd ie ag e c e as 9 8 9 7 A E MENS LSU C dun Ls esL aD a i AE MEE S d 9 10 CHAPTER 10 Bridge Commands 10 1 Accessing the Bridge Subsystem 00000 cee 10 2 10 2 ADIOS eked
58. 5 PowerHub nvram md5key 1 set powerhub 66 PowerHub nvram md5key md5key 1 set Total keys reserved 1 8 8 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual NVRAM Commands 67 PowerHub nvram md5key 1 md5key 1 set Total keys reserved 1 68 PowerHub nvram In this example key 1 is set with the keyID password of powerhub This is the only time the keyID is displayed Z lt zJ gt E le 3 3 D 5 2 0 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual NVRAM Commands 8 10 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual e YE I2z Host Commands This chapter describes the commands in the host subsystem and discusses how to use these commands to perform the following tasks Display the TCP configuration settings Display the TCP table Display TCP TELNET and UDP statistics Clear TCP TELNET and UDP statistics Set the connection time Set the keep alive interval Kill a TCP connection Display the UDP table The host subsystem includes an implementation of the Transmission Control Protocol TCP stack a connection oriented industry standard protocol for moving data between nodes in a network environment In particular TCP is used by TELNET a program that allows worksta tions to communicate using either an in band or outbound network connection To define TCP filters refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Filters Manual PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual spueululo2 1SOH
59. Before displaying port level statistics the portstats enable command must be issued The syntax of the portstats command is as follows portstats show lt display restrictor gt portstats enable disable where lt display restrictor gt Optional display restrictors which can be used to specify the segment list of segments or range of segments for which statistics are to be displayed enable disable Specifies whether to enable or disable statistics collection Disabling statistics resets the counters to zero Enabling the collection of port by port statistics E places an extra load on the PowerHub processors It is recommended that port by port statistics be left disabled except when this function is necessary SPUBWILUOD eipo y PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 7 21 Media Commands 7 9 Configuring Packet Forwarding on Segments The segment command is used to enable or disable forwarding of packets on segments Under certain circumstances it is desirable to disable the transmission and reception of pack ets on a specific segment For example when using the port monitoring feature see Section 7 4 it is not desirable for the segment receiving the monitored packet to receive or transmit any other traffic The syntax for this command is as follows segment penablelpdisable segment list where lt segment list gt Specifies a segment dash separated range of segments or a comma separated lis
60. C shell In this example the command number isl PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 4 1 Command Line Interface System Name Subsystem Access Level When a carriage return Enter key is issued the PowerHub attempts to execute the command entered at the command prompt A message or data if requested is displayed then a new command prompt is displayed The number in the command prompt increments by one from the previous command prompt Name assigned to this PowerHub The default name can be changed by using the system sysname command refer to Chapter 6 Name of the current subsystem Commands issued at the command prompt must either be global commands or commands available within the current subsystem In this example the subsystem is system the initial subsystem Indicates the level of access granted for this session gt Indicates monitor level capability Monitor capability is a display only capability Statistics and configuration information can be displayed Commands that could change the configuration clear statistics or modify internal tables are not allowed Indicates root level capability Root capability allows commands to be issued that can change the configuration and clear statistics In this example the current session is at the root access level If a session is started and the login prompt is displayed root or monitor must be entered followed by a password before being a
61. FTP file server and PowerHub for point to point netbooting Implement this type of netbooting if the Power Hub BOOTP server and TFTP server are all attached to the same subnet The subnet can be a single segment or multiple segments connected by bridges B 3 1 TFTP Server Regardless of the netbooting method that is chosen perform the following configuration tasks for the TFTP server even if the BOOTP server and TFTP server are the same device e Install the system software image files e Edit and install the boot definition file s A separate boot definition file can be installed for each PowerHub or boot definition macros can be used to share a sin gle boot definition file among multiple PowerHubs e Install a configuration file for each PowerHub These files can be installed in the TFTP home directory or subdirectories can be set up If sub directories are set up make sure the appropriate pathnames are specified in the respective boot definition files B 3 2 BOOTP Server Configure the same host device as both a BOOTP server and a TFTP server or configure sepa rate BOOTP and TFTP servers Although BOOTP and TFIP services can be E provided by different hosts using the same host results in faster booting because the PowerHub does not need to search across its interfaces multiple times for a server In fact some BOOTP servers do not support the file service from another host In such cases a choice is not available
62. Feb 26 14 36 30 1998 119 PowerHub systemf date Thu Feb 26 14 36 33 1998 120 PowerHub systemf o lt o 3 O fe 3 3 D 3 2 D 6 1 7 Data Carrier Detect The ded detection dcd command is used to enable or disable data carrier detection If entered with no arguments the current state of data carrier detection is displayed The syntax for this command is as follows dcd detection dcd enable disable dcd detection dcd show where enable disable Specifies whether to enable or disable data carrier detection If no argument is entered the current state of data carrier detection is displayed The following examples show a display of the current state of data carrier detection the dis abling of data carrier detection and the re enabling of data carrier detection PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 6 7 System Commands 135 PowerHub system ded dcd detection is currently disabled 136 PowerHub system ded disable dcd detection disabled 137 PowerHub system dcd enable dcd detection enabled 138 PowerHub system 6 1 8 Ethernet Address The ethaddr ea command is used to display the Ethernet Mac layer address of the Power Hub The syntax for this command is as follows ethaddr ea show The following example displays the Ethernet MAC layer address 141 PowerHub system ethaddr Ethernet address 00 00 ef 03 9a b0 142 PowerHub system 6 1 9 ID Prom The idprom idp command is used to disp
63. Files e Parameter Files e Automatic Segment State Detection e Segment Statistics e Traffic Monitoring e Virtual Local Area networks VLANs e Bridging and Routing e Route Protocol Statistics e Security Filters e 2 o je lt 0 D s O 1 2 1 Multiprocessor Optimization Multiprocessor optimization minimizes the latency caused in the normal packet forwarding functions due to the processing of management events By moving these processing intensive functions to a separate MCPU the latency of packets in the fast path can be kept to a mini mum This feature is dependent on having a PE1 with a Packet Accelerator installed With the accel erator installed there are four CPUs available Without the multiprocessor optimization fea ture only three CPUs are used This feature makes use of the fourth CPU by splitting the functions of the single MCPU Multiprocessor Optimization moves all of the fast path packet processing to one MCPU and retains the slow path and management functions on the other MCPU Multiprocessor optimi zation automatically detects the presence of an Accelerator Card at boot time and operates in the appropriate mode Without the Accelerator Card the system uses only one MCPU for all functions PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 1 5 Features Overview 1 2 2 Boot Sources The PowerHub can be configured to boot from one or a combination of up to three sources floppy diskett
64. Hub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual
65. JECE irse ine id Ee ee cee RE as 4 5 42 24 SCOMIGs vache A io e EI RertiLsuidedw 4 5 42 2 2 STATUS seh secede ease a a Syed am ae aia 4 5 4 2 2 3 Stats o4 cai A 4 6 4 2 2 4 MWTCMACEs ii eb eae bee e iC RR 4 6 42 2 5 TOUIG ie inu wl okie edie iupge mieRenaricdaseu gud uud 4 6 4 2 2 0 cCaclie ss siad basia Gahan a rae o NUR C pude Pa x p 4 6 4 2 3 ParaimeterSs ix xac ia a Maw a a a its 4 6 4 2 3 1 Keyword ParaMeterS ooooccococcococc nnaa nna 4 6 4 2 8 2 Positional Parameters oooooooooooooonoooo 4 6 4 3 On line OND 1455 22 sett ARVO itis v SAL ae AE Meo 4 7 4 3 1 Syntax Help sis ee a a aaa e e e Gee 4 8 4 3 2 Help Sri nae Bigs Hees ERA E N AE y Pants Ee eee 4 9 4 3 3 Help SHOW mro Teei nter a A A dodo 4 10 CHAPTER5 Global Commands 5 1 Accessing Global Commands snesu aaaea 5 1 5 1 1 O O a a 5 1 5 1 2 CHECKSUM oca eue eE mu aa Bales 5 2 5 1 3 O 5 3 5 1 4 Default Device llle 5 4 5 1 5 Directory ose ees bee ved ee eei eg 5 4 5 1 6 FO MMlb IM 5 5 5 1 7 Help eee dte etae ba eet de ee he eed 5 6 5 1 8 FISTORY e RE RUE 5 7 5 1 9 History Characters ooococcoccooccco ee 5 7 55330 CKOQOUT sti Oo ata begins malt 5 8 5 1 11 Port Number Mode 2 0 0 cc eee es 5 9 5 1 12 Return Code Prompt cocccccccco sees 5 9 5 1 13 Read Environment o 5 10 5 1 14 O AO 5 11 5 1 15 REMOVE 25 sake Sed Seles A aes o S3 YR oe 5 11 5 1 16 Save Environment 0 0 00 cece eee eee es 5 12 5 1 17
66. Manual 10 11 Bridge Commands 10 7 Allocate Memory The getmem command is used to allocate memory for bridge table MIB processing The syn tax for this command is as follows getmem br mib The following examples shows the use of this command 392 PowerHub bridge getmem mib Memory allocated for Bridge table MIB processing 393 PowerHub bridge 10 12 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Bridge Commands 10 8 Bridge Groups The group command is used to define set or clear unset network groups Network groups are a specific subset of network segments among which packets can be bridged creating a Layer 2 only VLAN A packet from one segment in the network group can be bridged only to the other segments in the network group Up to 32 network groups can be defined Group membership can overlap segments and each segment can belong to all some or none of the network groups As shipped from the factory the bridging engine contains one network group known as default All attached segments automatically belong to this network group The group is added to the configuration file when the configuration is saved see Chapter 6 When the configuration file is saved the default Eu group is automatically added to the configuration file If the configuration requires that not all segments belong to a common network group for example if groups were defined with restricted sets of segments be sure to delete the default gro
67. NETS ee Da aed bere RES 10 3 10 3 Bridgirig 33 0 tev ce wnt a A terne eer beh be eee 10 4 10 4 Bridge Table cse eed ati boa tds Rx RR ea oa ta 10 6 10 5 Gah havea Gucttre A ek athe cere p E Rea Qs 10 9 10 6 GOnfiguration re uercsnciuverkuerttehesturkeAhceaurzie4iveru qe tele 10 10 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual TOC 5 Table of Contents 10 7 Allocate Memory siesta traida as 10 12 108 Bridge rO0UpPS ooococcoccco lr 10 13 10 9 IPX Bridge Translation llli 10 15 10 9 1 Encapsulation Types oooccocccooco eae 10 16 10 9 2 Configuration Requirements 0000 c eee eee eee 10 17 10 10 hearing aces rra pup EIPG eet la REIS Ee RE a 10 18 10 41 Relearn Log ium ine tae a RR ae eee REC adie ited a 10 19 10 12 Spanning Mee ico beater ied brad Mead Lees bie seed eke 10 20 10 121 Fast Hello TIME xris cri edene e ees 10 22 10 12 2 High and Low Utilization Percentage oooooooomo ooo 10 22 10 13 StatiStiCS irc tar a A ee tUe A ee ere he ee ee 10 23 VOTA Status ei a A ta 10 24 CHAPTER 11 Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI 11 1 Accessing the FDDI subsystem llli 11 1 11 2 CONCORD ue YU Nae tea oe beac are 11 2 WAGs DAC ara tert ete ai Dota 11 3 14 41 INVRAM Las eb dame eed o beer a 11 3 11 5 Target Token Rotation Time TREQ 0 0 00 eee eee eee 11 5 11 6 Time Transmission Variable TVX 0 000 cee ee 11 6 11 77 Reset Count z
68. ORE Systems PowerHub 8000 Packet Engine Prom version pe2p 2 0 0 7846 1998 05 MCPU 1 MCPU local RAM tests MCPU shared RAM tests PACKET DESC RAM tests PACKET DATA RAM tests MCPU local RAM 4MB MCPU shared RAM 32MB PACKET DESC RAM 512KB PACKET DATA RAM 8MB Entering Monitor LOCK switch UNLOCKED ACTIVE STANDBY switch ACTIVE Chassis 10 slots burs addr addr addr basic basic basic basic byte byte byte byte t t lots lots Bus lots lots Bus lots lots Bus lots hat hat are are eq eq uipped uipped hat hat eq eq uipped uipped hat hat eq eq uipped uipped that are eq pi lots that are eq Board Type PE2 Breaks enabled Ethernet address uipped 2 uipped and CpuType hed 2 1 Instan latc MCPU 00 00 e 06 7d c0 normal start LLIS Hit any key now to abort boot lt PROM 8PE gt 06 13702 Ex data ess ess ess address data data data ce 1 Figure 2 2 PowerHub 8000 Boot Screen Display The available Boot PROM commands that the user would normally access include lt PROM 7PE gt COMMANDS boot boot b n fdl net m copy file copylcp lt src file gt lt dest file gt or copy cp src file src file device ethaddr ethaddr ea help help COMMAND expert help 29 Iss ls dir more more lt rows gt fl f2 Ltnl nvram nvram set unset show var
69. PowerHub The graphical representation is displayed when ForeView is started For more information about the ForeView Network Management application refer to the ForeView Network Management User s Manual 1 12 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual AAA Software Subsystems This chapter describes the PowerHub platform software which controls the operation of the PowerHub This software is comprised of firmware located in the Boot PROM on the Packet Engine and runtime software which is loaded into the Flash Memory Module of the Power Hub 7000 or the Compact Flash Card of the PowerHub 8000 2 1 Firmware Firmware commands are available to the user if the normal boot process is aborted at the 5 second delay prompt A typical boot screen display is shown in Figure 2 1 Figure 2 2 shows a typical PowerHub 8000 boot screen display Starting Packet Engine Prom version pelp 3 0 0 7887 1998 05 06 13 01 I cache 16KB OK Entering cached code I cache execution OK D cache 4KB OK SRAM 128KB OK DRAM 24MB OK Shared Memory 4MB OK sUul9IS SANS a1emyos Entering Monitor FORE Systems PowerHub 7000 FlashInit found 4MB Flash Memory Module Board Type PE CpuType MCPU Instance 1 Ethernet address 00 00 ef 03 9a Db0 normal start Hit any key now to abort boot 4 lt PROM 7PE gt Figure 2 1 PowerHub 7000 Boot Screen Display PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 2 1 Software Subsystems F
70. PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual F Q E MANU0167 02 Rev A July 27 1998 SYSTEMS Software Version PH FT 5 0 x FORE Systems Inc 1000 FORE Drive Warrendale PA 15086 7502 Phone 724 742 4444 FAX 724 742 7742 http www fore com Legal Notices Copyright O 1995 1998 FORE Systems Inc All rights reserved FORE Systems is a registered trademark and ForeRunner ForeView ForeThought ForeRunnerLE PowerHub and CellPath are trademarks of FORE Systems Inc All other brands or product names are trademarks of their respective holders U S Government Restricted Rights If you are licensing the Software on behalf of the U S Government Government the following provisions apply to you If the Software is supplied to the Department of Defense DoD it is classified as Commercial Computer Software under paragraph 252 227 7014 of the DoD Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regu lations DFARS or any successor regulations and the Government is acquiring only the license rights granted herein the license rights customarily provided to non Government users If the Software is supplied to any unit or agency of the Government other than DoD it is classified as Restricted Computer Software and the Government s rights in the Soft ware are defined in paragraph 52 227 19 of the Federal Acquisition Regulations FAR or any successor regulations or in the cases of NASA in paragraph
71. Show Configuration Example 0000 e eee eee 5 12 5515185 Set TY o on s ette eT eru LE T du ads aks 5 13 5 1 19 SOUS Riis Aviad ee daa Sve Ba Rl aes 5 14 51 20 S bsystlems 2 it Ate che Ane bia Aas VERRE Sue 5 14 5 1 21 Timed Command ti A wet ee dnd Ba eed 5 15 54 22 O AS 5 16 5 1 23 Unallas 0002 Xd ess Ra A A E etek A db Pe je Net doa e 5 16 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual TOC 3 Table of Contents CHAPTER6 System Commands 6 1 Accessing the System Subsystem 0 0000 cece eee eee 6 2 6 1 1 Baud A ek eee a Gs a eet e 6 2 6 1 2 POOMI Ss nfs ei TEA a A A plate SERERE EE 6 3 6 1 3 Card Swap 6 ete tte ee 6 3 6 1 4 CORNO mi ar E 6 5 6 1 5 Convert Config 0 0 cc tte eee 6 6 6 1 6 Dates ss Side hele ha ee A ls e Baltes imd AD s 6 6 6 1 7 Data Carrier Detect 0 0 00 cee 6 7 6 1 8 Ethernet Address 000 20 cee eee 6 8 6 1 9 ID POM roo ticas tt pe leet ha een face 6 8 64 10 Memory 3 A EVLEREMENETEER A ETE 6 9 6 1 11 PasSWOr sa aa e a a a ica 6 10 6 1 12 Read Configuration nauau aaaea 6 11 61 137 HebO0b n oe deve eee tibiae ei erate 6 11 6 1 14 Save Configuration 0 0 cee 6 12 6 1 15 System Location 0 0 eens 6 12 6 1 16 System Name 00 cece 6 13 6 1 17 Temperature 00 eee 6 13 6418 A AA ery ei alters nde las Merde EA ase OC Eee 6 14 o 1 9 Uptime vo eee De eee de ah eae eee 6 15 m Erin 6 15
72. Specifically the TTL field is decremented and the IP header checksum is incremented The IP header and payload are otherwise unmodified R Certain fields in the network header for example the IP header might be changed depending upon the routing protocol AppleTalkThe hop count is increased by one Also if the packet contains a checksum the checksum is changed appropriately IP If the packet has an options field specifying source routing or route tracing the appropriate modifications are made If IP security options RFC 1108 are used then option fields may be added to or removed from the header In rare cases adding option fields causes the packet to exceed 1518 bytes and consequently the packet becomes fragmented IPXThe only IPX field that is changed in the header is the Transport Control field This field is incremented by 1 for each router that the packet passes through This field is similar to the TTL field in the IP header Note however that the MAC header can change in many different ways SPULWILUOD eIpa A In the simplest case where there is no header translation the MAC header is changed as follows src mac addrChanged to the address of the PowerHub dst mac addrChanged to the address of either the destination node or the next hop gateway PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 7 11 Media Commands When header translation is involved in addition to the two fields above the head
73. TP used to transfer image files from server load them into memo and execute them CONFIG Name of the configuration file retrieved from memory Interface segment received from BOOTP reply and interface configured for TFTP exchanges TFTP used to transfer configuration file from server and save the file in memory Interface de configured Configuration file executed RUN TIME Normal bridging and routing according to settings in configuration file PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual z o 2 o o o O 5 o Netboot Options B 2 2 Cross Gateway Boot Helper Service Used The following table summarizes the netboot process used when the PowerHub and BOOTP server are on separate subnets and a boot helper service such as IP Helper is implemented The intervening gateway that connects the segments can be another PowerHub or any other device that implements a boot helper service Table B 2 Helper Assisted Netbooting Phase Process BOOTP PowerHub sends a BOOTP broadcast packet out each Ethernet segment The BOOTP packet contains MAC address but no other address informa tion BOOTP request is received by intervening gateway on a segment previ ously configured with an IP Helper address IP Helper facility in intervening gateway forwards BOOTP packet to server Server receives BOOTP request forwarded by intervening gateway and sends response packet to gateway Res
74. Table B 2 Helper Assisted Netbooting llli B 4 Table B 3 Cross Gateway Netbooting No Boot Helper Service B 5 Table B 4 Boot Definition Macro Commands slsslsuss B 9 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual LOT 9 List of Tables LOT 10 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Preface This manual describes the PowerHub 7000 8000 user interface and commands used to config ure and manage the PowerHub 7000 8000 Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Filters Reference Manual for details on creating and applying filters to control traffic received and transmitted by the PowerHub Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual for details on configuring the communications protocols supported by the PowerHub Chapter Summaries Chapter 1 Features Overview Describes the software features of the PowerHub 7000 and PowerHub 8000 Chapter 2 Software Subsystems Describes the Packet Engine boot PROM commands and the software subsystems available in the PowerHub 7000 8000 Chapter 3 PowerHub Files Provides information on the files that are shipped installed on the PowerHub 7000 8000 and the files created within the PowerHub 7000 8000 Chapter 4 Command Line Interface Describes how to interpret user interface screens The command syntax is discussed with details on the more common noun verb command combi nations A discussion is provided on the various ways to obtain on line help whi
75. The following example shows the display produced by the dac command 187 PowerHub fddi dac There is no DAC configured 188 PowerHub fddi 11 4 NVRAM The nvram show command is used to display the FDDI Dual Attach Concentrator non vola tile random access memory nvram The syntax for this command is nvram show Unlike other display commands the nvram E command requires the show argument If the show argument is not used the active subsystem changes to the nvram subsystem PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual 11 3 Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI The following example shows the display produced by the nvram show command 118 PowerHub fddi nvram show bo locbdfile netbdfile myip mysm fsip gwip crashreboot ldui lotsegs lotsegs lotsegs lotsegs lotsegs lotsegs lotsegs lotsegs lotsegs lotsegs lotsegs lotsegs lotsegs lotsegs lotsegs lotsegs lotsegs Oo J0U04suYNAOOoOJOoOCds yn ES lotsegs o lotsegs lotsegs 20 0 0 0 000 000000 0000000000000 fm boot boot 169 255 169 169 set not 32 16 not 2 0 not not not not not not not not not not not not not not not floppy flash module def defl 144 86 54 AUD ons 144 86 49 144 86 1 set set Total segments reserved 50 md5key set Total keys reserved 11 4 1 PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual Fiber Distributed Data Interfa
76. UNIX Read Write Permissions To use TFTP commands to upload or download files the proper UNIX read write permis sions must be setup on the TFTP server On most servers permissions are controlled sepa rately for users groups and others The TFTP server considers the PowerHub to be among the others It is recommended that an outbound Telnet session be established witt he TFTP 3 boot server Refer to Chapter 14 for details on opening an outbound Telnet session X Read write access to PowerHub files and directories can be controlled on the TFTP server by 9 setting the read and write permissions On most UNIX systems permissions can be displayed 3 using the UNIX 1s command Following is an example of the permissions information dis 3 played for a file on a typical UNIX TFTP server o ls 1 total 3 rw rw 1 mrspat 622 Jul 19 15 09 Labl env rw rw r 1 ethan 643 Jul 19 15 11 Lab2 env rw rw W l sascha 611 Jul 19 15 13 Lab3 env rw rw rw 1 stripie 698 Jul 19 15 15 Lab4 env rw rw rw 1 tiger 698 Jul 19 15 15 Lab5 env The text shown in bold is the permission information for each file for the others category e In this example no read or write permissions are enabled on Lab1 env Conse quently this file cannot be uploaded or downloaded with this name using the TFTP commands e Read but not write permission is granted to the file Lab2 env for others This file can be downloaded or displayed but a file usin
77. a Commands Table 7 1 Packet Modifications On Monitoring Segment Traffic Type Sea Sa s Packet Is Bridged Ethernet Ethernet U Description Forwarded or Ethernet FDDI T incoming but not forwarded FDDI Ethernet T FDDI FDDI TT U Routed Ethernet Ethernet M L R Description Forwarded Ethernet FDDI M LRT FDDI Ethernet M L R T FDDI FDDI M 1I R TT U Routed Ethernet Ethernet I Description Incoming but not Ethernet FDDI LT forwarded FDDI Ethernet LT FDDI FDDI I TT U Generated Ethernet Ethernet U Description Generated Ethernet FDDI T FDDI Ethernet U FDDI FDDI U KEYI IP TTL and checksum changed M MAC address changed R Routing header changed U Unmodified T Translated TT U Double Translated but Unchanged U The modifications made to packets appearing on the monitoring segment are further explained by the following key The packet is not changed in any way If the packet also undergoes a double translation denoted in Table 7 1 by TT this means the packet is double translated but the resulting packet is identical to the packet before double translation PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Media Commands M TIhe destination MAC address is changed to the address of the next hop The source MAC address is changed to the address of the PowerHub If the packet is an IP packet certain fields in the IP header are changed
78. a TELNET connection can remain idle before keep alive packets are sent The keep alive delay is specified in seconds The syntax for this command is as follows kadelay kad set lt time gt where lt time gt Specify in seconds the number of minutes to allow a TCP TELNET connection to remain idle before sending keep alive packets The range is 5 to 30 minutes the default is 20 minutes The following example sets the keep alive delay to six minutes 360 seconds 120 PowerHub host kad set 360 121 PowerHub host PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual SPUBWILUOD 1SOH Host Commands 9 4 Keep Alive Interval The kainterval kai command is used to specify how often keep alive packets are sent before a connection is closed The syntax for this command is as follows kainterval kai set lt time gt where time Specifies how often keep alive packets are sent before a connection is closed The range is 30 to 240 seconds the default is 75 seconds The following example sets the keep alive interval to 180 seconds or 3 minutes 122 PowerHub host kai set 180 123 PowerHub host 9 6 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Host Commands 9 5 Ending Killing a TCP Connection The ki11 command is used to end a TCP connection other than the active session This com mand must be issued from a session other than the active one The syntax for this command is as follows kill lt connection id gt where
79. abled for example when the PowerHub is booted each AUI segment begins in the down state but is changed to the up state as soon as it receives packets FDDI The attachment configuration of the segment is isolated MAU No AUI cable carrying 12 volt current standard for AUI is connected to the MAU UTP No link test pulses are present on this segment 7 11 1 1 Software Behavior When Disabled When a segment is disabled no packets are bridged or routed on that segment Bridging and routing do not occur regardless of whether the segment is disabled by automatic segment state detection or by issuing the segment pdisable command see Section 7 9 7 11 1 2 Default Setting The default setting for the automatic segment state detection differs depending upon the seg ment type Table 7 3 lists the default setting for each segment type PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Table 7 3 Automatic Segment State Detection Default Settings Default Enabled Segment Type 10Base FB SPULWILUOD eIpa A Media Commands Table 7 3 Automatic Segment State Detection Default Settings Segment Type Default 10Base FL Enabled 10Base T UTP Enabled 100Base FX Enabled 100Base TX Enabled ATM Enabled AUI Disabled FDDI Enabled MAU Enabled As shown in Table 7 3 all segment types except AUI and BNC BNCT have automatic seg ment state detection enabled by
80. ackets locally filtered by the FDDI module Number of fragmented packets Number of un fragmented packets Number of large IP packets fragmented by the FDDI module A large IP packet is one that exceeds the Ethernet MTU maximum transmission unit size Number of large IP packets that needed to be fragmented but could not be frag mented and were therefore dropped by the FDDI module This can occur if the packet s No Fragment bit is set or if the switching engine temporarily runs out of resources for fragmenting packets Statistics for specific segments are available E using the smtmib priv command These statistics do not apply to the FDDI Concentrator modules 11 10 PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI The syntax for this command is as follows status show counter lt slot gt where lt slot gt Specifies the slot in which the FDDI module is installed If the slot number is not known use the system config command to display the slot locations of the FDDI modules Alternatively the slot number can be verified by visually checking the slot number label located to the left of the modules in the PowerHub chassis The example below shows the information displayed by this command 157 PowerHub fddif status counter 4 FDDI Counters of slot 4 Number Number Number Number Number Number Number of Packets Packets Packets Packets Packets IP Pa
81. acrania 7 25 M AU eet n EE 7 25 UTP aan ce a IM 7 25 segment state detection l Base T cdi ta 7 26 SNMP using SunNet manager 12 13 SNMP commands Lusuu 12 2 community 0 eee 12 3 configuration 00 12 7 manager 6 6 eee eee eee 12 11 StatISHCS un cite ER eic 12 9 software features 000 000 1 5 automatic segment state detection 1 boot sources 6 eee eee ee 1 bridging and routing 1 command line interface 1 concurrent command line sessions 1 configuration files 1 file management system 1 multiprocessor optimization 1 parameter files 1 route protocol statistics 1 11 security filters 1 11 segment statistics oooo 1 8 traffic monitoring 1 8 virtual local area networks 1 8 Index 3 Index software subsystems firmware at o ke 2 1 runtime software 2 4 spanning tree Peneira Med pe eee eee 1 9 Sa tE a id 4 4 NOUNS SS 4 5 Verbs a RE Se INNEN 4 4 system commands sssses 6 1 accessing dic cd ess 6 2 baud mE eU 6 2 bootinfo oooooocooooooooo oo 6 3 card SWAP 2 eee eee 6 3 CONFIG teri Ait eae ES eR 6 5 convert config 000 6 6 data carrier detect 6 7 dat xu hae eat eet ee ee 6 6 Etherne
82. actly as it is stored on the server Net ASCII changes the end of line characters to be compatible with the display or storage device that receives the file Use the default octet mode to download software image files ex 7f 7pe 7atm and so on Use the net ASCII mode to download configuration files environment files and other text files spuewwod dil If the file is to be displayed on the management terminal by specifying tty as the local file name omit this argument The file is automatically transferred in net ASCII format lt remote file gt Specifies the name of the remote file Specify the name that is meaningful to the TFIP program on the server For example if the server contains a subdirectory called transfer and this directory is specified as the TFTP home directory do not specify transfer as part of the file name lt local file gt tty If this argument is not specified the PowerHub assumes the same file name on the server The pathname if any must be included with the file name PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 13 7 TFTP Commands If a 1ocal file argument is omitted or a local file name is specified the file is written to a local storage device If a local device is not specified the file is written E to the default device To specify a device preface the file name with m Flash Memory Module PowerHub 7000 or d Floppy Diskette On the PowerHub 8000 no device
83. addr gt cfg where lt MAC addr gt ctg Specify the MAC layer hardware address of the PowerHub The full hardware address 12 hex digits or for systems that do not support long file names the last three octets six hex digits of the hardware address can be specified Alphabetic hex characters must be in uppercase PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual B 11 Netboot Options When this procedure is complete the TFTP server should contain separate configuration files for each PowerHub using the server to netboot Following is an example of a TFTP server directory and file structure used to implement the link sharing method fore ph images 7 2 6 4 0 7pe 7 2 6 4 1 Tpe PT 5 0 Tpe configs bootdef 7 2 6 4 0 bootdef 7 2 6 4 1 bootdef FT_5 0 ph 1 bd ph 2 bd ph 3 bd ph 1 cfg ph 2 cfg ph 3 cfg This example shows a TFTP subdirectory structure but the files could just as easily be stored in the TFTP home directory As shown in this example the configs subdirectory contains a sin gle boot definition file for each version of runtime software a configuration file for each client PowerHub using this TFTP server and a link to each configuration file Each link has the same base name as the corresponding configuration file with a bd extension This base name is associated with a particular client switch by a bootptab file or other file containing IP informa tion and other information needed by the BOOTP software See the docume
84. arn pen penable lt seglist gt all learning learn pdis able lt seglist gt all where pen penable Enables bridge learning on the specified segments pdis able Disables bridge learning on the specified segments lt seglist gt Specifies the segment s on which bridge learning is to be enabled or disabled Specify a single segment a comma separated list of segments or a hyphen separated range of segments Specify all if bridge learning is to be enabled or disabled for all segments The following examples disable bridge learning on a segment bridge learning is then enabled on that segment 12 PowerHub bridge learn pdis 2 1 Learned disabled on segment 2 1 13 PowerHub bridge learn penl 2 1 Learning enabled on segment 2 1 14 PowerHub bridge 10 18 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Bridge Commands 10 11Relearn Log The relearn 1og r1 command is used to display a log of learned MAC addresses on differ ent segments Also displayed are the previous segments the MAC address was learned on The syntax for this command is as follows relearn log rl The following example shows the relearn log is empty 16 PowerHub bridge rl Bridge Relearn Log is EMPTY 17 PowerHub bridge wW 2 Q o le o 3 3 D 2 D PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 10 19 Bridge Commands 10 12Spanning Tree The spantree st command is used to enable disable and set Spanning Tree algorithm options The Spann
85. cations network protective operational and safety requirements The Industry Canada label does not guarantee the equipment will operate to the user s satisfaction Before installing this equipment users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local tele communications company The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of connection In some cases the company s inside wiring associated with a single line individual service may be extended by means of a certified con nector assembly telephone extension cord The customer should be aware that compliance with the above conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situations Repairs to certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility designated by the supplier Any repairs or alterations made by the user to this equipment or equipment malfunctions may give the telecommunica tions company cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility telephone lines and internal metallic water pipe system if present are connected together This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas Caution Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves but should contact the appropriate electric inspection authority or electrician as appropriate TRADEMARKS FORE Syste
86. ce FDDI 11 5 Target Token Rotation Time TREQ The treq command is used to set the target token rotation time TTRT variable T_REQ The TTRT specifies the amount of time each FDDI station holds on to the FDDI token If the T_REO timer for a segment is adjusted the amount of time each device attached to the FDDI segment holds on to the token can be changed The syntax for this command is as follows treq pset lt time gt default lt portlist gt where lt time gt default Specifies in milliseconds the new value for the hardware timer The time must be followed by an m to indicate milliseconds Enter 4 to 167 milliseconds An integer value must be specified decimal numbers are truncated after the decimal The default is 167 milliseconds 7 8 E Sa E aS 92 is U Y S o If default is specified the timer resets to the default value lt portlist gt Specifies the FDDI segments for which to adjust a hardware timer Examples of the use of the treq command is shown below 20 PowerHub fddi treq pset 25m 3 1 Segment 3 1 treq set to 25 millisecond 21 PowerHub fddi treq pset default 3 1 Segment 3 1 treq set to 167 milliseconds 22 PowerHub fddi PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual 11 5 Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI 11 6 Time Transmission Variable TVX The tvx command sets the valid time transmission variable TVX The syntax for this com mand is as follows t
87. cke IP Packe 158 PowerHub fddi Forwarded to FDDI Forwarded to Packet Engine Filtered Fragmented Not Fragmented ts Forwarded Locally ts Dropped BAD CHKSUM O 0 0 6 0 O PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual 11 11 7 8 E Sa E aS 92 e U S E o Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI 11 12 PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual eis P 12d E 12 P4 SNMP Commands The PowerHub contains an implementation of Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP SNMP uses User Datagram Protocol UDP an industry standard connectionless protocol used to send and receive packets between a managed PowerHub and other devices This chapter describes the commands located in the snmp subsystem and shows how to per form the following tasks e Display the SNMP configuration e Add an SNMP management community e Add an SNMP manager e Delete an SNMP management community e Delete an SNMP manager e Display SNMP packet statistics e Clear SNMP packet statistics In addition this chapter describes how to set up files for use with SunNet Manager to access the PowerHub Management Information Bases MIBs Using a third party SNMP application the PowerHub MIB objects can be accessed for infor mation about the PowerHub The software contains implementation of standard MIBs and the PowerHub Proprietary MIB PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 12 1 Spueululo dINNS SNMP C
88. containing the same encryption key and key string password Because the keyID is not transmitted over the network but is set at each end it reduces the likelihood of a successful attack on the network MD5 authentication is only supported in RIPv2 It does not work in RIPv1 RIPv2 must be enabled and running on all interfaces that require authentication Additionally RIPv2 authen tication is not supported on interfaces that are configured for both RIPv1 and RIPv2 interfaces must be configured for RIPv2 only The MD5 key must be set up on the PowerHubs at both sides of the connected interfaces in order for the authentication to take place The keyid and the key string must be the same on both PowerHubs Refer to RFC 2082 for a discussion on RIPv2 authentication using the MD5 encryption algorithm The syntax for the md5key command is md5key show md5key keyid show md5key keyid set lt key string gt md5key keyid unset where keyid Specifies the number or identifier of the MD5key The number must be a whole number between 1 and 255 There is no space between md5key and the keyid when the command is entered Brackets around the keyid are part of the command and must be included set Sets a specific keyid unset Unsets a specific keyid lt key string gt Specifies the password to be used for encryption The maximum password length is 16 characters unset Examples of the md5key command are shown below 6
89. cvd 0 Read Onlys Rcvd 0 Gen Errs Revd 0 Total vars Req 417 Total vars Set Get Req Revd 0 GetNext Req Revd 93 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 12 9 SNMP Commands Set Req Revd Traps Rcvd No Such Name Sent Gen Errs Sent Get Req Sent Set Req Sent Traps Sent 84 PowerHub snmp 12 10 OO O OOG Get Resp Rcvd Too Big Sent Bad Values Sent GetNext Req Sent Get Resp Sent PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual SNMP Commands 12 6 Adding an SNMP Manager The manager man command is used to add or delete SNMP managers Each community can include up to 16 managers The SNMP manager entries include an IP address This IP address should be the SNMP management station that any configured traps are to be sent t The syntax for this command is as follows manager man add lt community name gt lt IP addr gt trap notrap manager man delete del lt community name gt lt IP addr gt all where add Specifies that the SNMP manager at lt IP addr gt be added and associated with the specified lt community name gt lt community name gt Specifies the community name to which a SNMP manager is to be added lt IP addr gt Specifies the IP address of the SNMP manager trap notrap Optional flag indicating whether the SNMP manager should receive traps or not If the manager should receive traps use trap If the manager should not receive traps use notrap The default is not
90. d deleting unused entries In addition individual entries can be added or removed including entries that support multi homed hosts Following is an example of a bridge table Although only a handful of bridge entries are shown in this example the bridge table usually contains many entries 98 PowerHub bridge bt 1 8 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Features Overview Bridging table aging time 60 minutes Ethernet address Seg Rule Flags 00 60 08 b0 97 04 2 1 none 00 00 ef 03 9a b0 i none system permanent 08 00 20 7d el 7d 2 1 none 00 a0 24 17 3d 9a 2 1 none 00 a0 98 00 09 d3 2 1 none 00 a0 di 01 ed 7f 2 1 none ff tf ff ff If fBtf none permanent bmcast Total entries 97 Learned entries 95 Permanent Entries 2 99 PowerHub bridge In addition to the bridge table the software maintains a bridge cache of the most recently used source destination pairs A source destination pair contains a packet s source and destination MAC addresses The bridge cache provides a fast path for the bridging software and gives an at a glance view of current bridging activity The bridge cache can be displayed to see the source destination pairs that are frequently used 1 2 12 2 802 1d The PowerHub can be used right out of the box as an 802 1d Bridge The designation 802 1d refers to the IEEE specification for this type of bridge For more information regarding 802 1d bridging refer to Request for Comments RFCs 1493 a
91. d returns the user to the PowerHub system prompt as shown below SunOS Release 4 1 4 GENERIC 2 Fri Oct 14 11 08 06 PDT 1994 fabrique dspreadb 51 gt logout 88 PowerHub telnet o f 2 le o 3 3 D E 2 D PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 14 3 Telnet Commands 14 4 Viewing Telnet Status The status command displays the current telnet client status information The syntax for this command is as follows status Issuing status from the telnet system prompt displays the following information 82 PowerHub telnet status Connected to 169 144 86 49 Escape character is Y 83 PowerHub telnet To execute the status command with an open E telnet client session the user must escape to the PowerHub user interface with the Ctrl Y keyboard shortcut 14 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual P Tad ad zi PO Configuration Defaults This appendix lists the PowerHub configuration defaults The purpose of this appendix is to provide information about what is already configured in the software This information will assist in diagnosing and troubleshooting any potential problems Configuration defaults are listed by subsytem Table A 1 Boot PROM Commands Command and Description zreceive zr rz 27abcehtw lt file name gt t Sets the receive timeout to N 10 seconds 10 lt N lt 1000 The default is 100 that is 10 sec onds zsend zs sz 27abehkLINnoptwXYy
92. d with the system The syntax for this command is as follows fsip show fsip set lt ipaddr gt fsip unset where set Specifies whether to show set or clear the IP address of the file server PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 8 3 NVRAM Commands lt ipaddress gt A file server s IP address unset The following examples display the current file server IP address and finds that it is unset The file server IP address is set and displayed to verify it was properly set 36 PowerHub nvram fsip fsip not set 37 PowerHub nvram fsip set 169 144 86 49 38 PowerHub nvram fsip EST 169 144 86 49 39 PowerHub nvram 8 1 5 Gateway IP Address The gwip command is used to display set or clear the IP address of the gateway router The syntax for this command is as follows gwip show gwip set lt ipaddr gt gwip unset where set Sets the IP address of the gateway router unset Unsets and clears the IP address of the gateway router lt ipaddress gt Specifies the IP address of the intervening router gateway The following examples display the current assigned subnet mask and finds that it is unset The subnet mask is then set and displayed to verify it was properly set The following examples display the use of these commands In the first example values are configured into the hub s NVRAM to support semi prescient netbooting 45 PowerHub nvram gwip gwip not set 46 PowerHub nvram gwip se
93. ddr lt ethaddr gt lt ethpat gt seg ment s lt seglist gt 10 6 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Bridge Commands Because the h and m options display specific entries in the bridge table they cannot be used with the t option which displays total bridge entries The following examples clear the bridge table entries The bridge table is then displayed in its entirety and then with the t and h optional arguments 14 PowerHub bridge bt clear Ok 15 PowerHub bridge bt Bridging table aging time 60 minutes Ethernet address Seg Rule Flags 00 00 ef 03 9a b0 gt none system permanent 00 20 48 08 8f 85 2 1 none 00 20 48 04 ef a7 2 1 none ff tff ff ff ff ff a none permanent bmcast Total entries 4 Learned entries 2 Permanent Entries 2 16 PowerHub bridge bt t Total entries 6 Learned entries 4 Permanent Entries 2 Total entries in free pool 8186 17 PowerHub bridge bt h Bridging table aging time 60 minutes Ethernet address Seg Rule Flags Hash 273 collision displacement 0 00 a0 98 00 09 d3 2 1 none Hash 319 collision displacement 0 08 00 20 1f fa fa 2 1 none Hash 9b3 collision displacement 0 wW 2 Q o e o 3 3 D 2 D 00 00 ef 03 9a b0 m none system permanent Hash 1594 collision displacement 0 00 00 ef 04 86 90 2 1 none Hash 17ad collision displacement 0 00 20 48 08 8f 85 2 1 none Hash 17cb collision displacement 0 00 20 48 04 ef a7 2 1 n
94. ddr gt If no lt ipaddr gt or the verb unset is specified the current server configuration is displayed lt ipaddress gt Specifies the IP address of the TFTP server to use as the default Specify the address in dotted decimal notation unset Deletes the current TFTP server configuration In the following examples the current server address is shown as unset and then a server address is specified 6 PowerHub tftp server server not set 7 PowerHub tftp server set 169 144 85 49 8 PowerHub tftp server server 169 144 85 49 9 PowerHub tftp Only one active TFTP server can be configured at a time Setting a new default TFTP server IP address replaces the existing TFTP server IP address 13 6 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual TFTP Commands 13 4 Downloading a File The get command is used to transfer a file from the configured TFTP server to a local disk file or displayed on the local terminal The syntax for this command is as follows get h lt host gt a lt remote file gt lt local file gt tty where h lt host gt Specifies the IP address in dotted decimal notation of the TFTP server If this argument is not specified the default server is used The default server is specified using the set server command See Section 13 3 1 a Forces the transfer to take place in net ASCII transfer mode rather than octet mode Octet mode transfers the file including end of line characters ex
95. ded ATM PE1 Runtime PROM image for PowerCell 700 An instance of the appropriate file resides in a PROM on the intelligent module itself The software is automatically booted FDDI PE1 Runtime PROM image for FDDI modules note that FDDI Concentrator modules do not have runtime PROMS An instance of the appropriate file resides in a PROM on the intelligent module itself The software is automatically booted D fe i Q I lt o a 7 FETH PE1 Runtime PROM image for 6x1FE module An instance of the appropriate file resides in a PROM on the intelligent module itself The software is automatically booted 3 2 2 PowerHub 8000 PE2 System software image file this file resides on the boot source and is loaded when the system is booted ATM PE2 Runtime PROM image for PowerCell 700 An instance of the appropriate file resides in a PROM on the intelligent module itself The software is automatically booted PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 3 3 PowerHub Files FDDI PE2 Runtime PROM image for FDDI modules note that FDDI Concentrator modules do not have runtime PROMs An instance of the appropriate file resides in a PROM on the intelligent module itself The software is automatically booted FETH PE2 Runtime PROM image for 6x1FE module An instance of the appropriate file resides in a PROM on the intelligent module itself The software is automatically booted 3 2
96. disabled state indicates that the segment has been disabled using the segment command In this example the Spanning Tree feature is blocking bridge traffic on segment 1 5 The Spanning Tree state has no effect on routing However this state does affect VLANs because traffic is bridged within VLANs rather than routed wW 2 Q o le o 3 3 D 3 2 D PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 10 25 Bridge Commands 10 26 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual FDDI This chapter explains the commands used to display configure and adjust parameters related to the Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI connections The following functions available through the fddi subsystem are described e Attaching FDDI concentrators to a FDDI segment to enable a Dual Attached Con centrator DAC e Detaching a FDDI concentrator e Adjusting hardware timer e Displaying the concentrator configuration e Displaying current FDDI specific statistics e Displaying values of a specified group of FDDI MIB objects FDDI Concentrators can only be installed in the 10 E and 15 slot PowerHub 7000 8000 chassis The 5 slot chassis can accept FDDI Network Interface Modules 11 1 Accessing the FDDI subsystem To access the commands in the ddi subsystem issue the following command from any Pow erHub runtime command prompt fddi The subsystem commands listed below are discussed in this chapter fddi subsyst
97. display the current port and segment configuration and dis plays bridge related information The syntax of this command is as follows config show lt params gt lt disp restrictors gt where lt params gt Specifies a comma separated list of parameters where monitorDisplays whether port monitoring is enabled or disabled on the specified segment or segment list segmentDisplays whether forwarding is enabled or disabled on the specified segment or segment list port receiveDisplays whether the UTP port receivers are enabled or disabled All available ports are displayed whether a segment is specified or not ssdDisplays the status of automatic segment state detection on the specified segment or command separated list of segments segment namesDisplays the segment names for the specified segment or command separated list of segments If no segment is specified the segment names for all available segments are displayed portstatsDisplays whether port statistics are enabled or disabled isstatsDisplays whether inter segment statistics collection is enabled or disabled lt disp restrictors gt The display restrictors is limited to a segment or a comma separated list of segments The following example displays the bridge related configuration information for port 2 1 48 PowerHub media config 2 1 Port Monitoring Packets not being monitored on segment 2 1 7 2 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Man
98. e fd PowerHub 7000 Flash Memory Module fm PowerHub 7000 Com pact Flash Card fc PowerHub 8000 or a TFTP BOOTP file server The PowerHub 8000 has only two boot sources Compact Flash Card or a TFTP BOOTP file server Failure of the pri mary boot source can be prevented by configuring a boot order in Non Volatile Random Access Memory NVRAM 1 23 Command Line Interface The PowerHub is managed through a DOS UNIX like command line user interface Com mands can be issued from a management terminal attached to directly through a TTY connec tion on the PE or indirectly through an in band TELNET connection Refer to Chapter 2 Software Subsystems for a discussion of the software subsystems Refer to the appropriate sec tion of this manual for discussions of the commands available in each subsystem Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Software Reference Manual for discussion of the protocol related subsystems commands 1 2 4 File Management System The PowerHub contains global commands to display copy rename and remove files stored on a floppy diskette in the Flash Memory Module of the PowerHub 7000 or in the Compact Flash Card of the PowerHub 8000 The file management global commands provide the ability to calculate checksum values of files checksum and display directory and volume informa tion dir 1s Text files on a PowerHub can also be displayed to the operator console using the type cat command Additionally the Fla
99. e lasers are safe under reasonably foreseeable conditions of operation The Laser Notice section applies only to E products or components containing Class 1 lasers PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual vii ESTE Preface Safety Precautions For personnel protection observe the following safety precautions when setting up equip ment e Follow all warnings and instructions marked on the equipment e Ensure that the voltage and frequency of the power source matches the voltage and frequency inscribed on the equipment s electrical rating label e Never push objects of any kind through openings in the equipment Dangerous voltages may be present Conductive foreign objects could produce a short circuit that could cause fire electric shock or damage to the equipment Modifications to Equipment Do not make mechanical or electrical modifications to the equipment FORE Systems Inc is not responsible for regulatory compliance of a modified FORE product Placement of a FORE Systems Product CAUTION To ensure reliable operation of the FORE Systems product and to protect it from overheating openings in the equipment must not be blocked or covered A FORE Systems product should never be placed near a radiator or heat register Power Cord Connection WARNING FORE Systems products are designed to work with single phase power systems having a grounded neutral conductor To reduce the risk of electrical shock do
100. e never displayed by the status tcp command because they occur for a very brief time Connections in the CLOSED or LISTEN state are not displayed The current TELNET session if connected through TELNET is indicated by two asterisks following the table entry for that session The status information for UDP clients includes the number of registered SNMP and RIP cli ents The numbers and names are well known UDP protocol port numbers and names as defined in RFC 1700 The UDP ports listed in this display indicate that agents for processing UDP packets are sent to UDP protocol ports 161 and 520 In other words the following types of UDP packets are supported e SNMP e IPRIP PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 9 11 SPUBWILUOD 1SOH Host Commands PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual ATT Bridge Commands The PowerHub contains implementations of IEEE 802 1d bridging and the 802 1d Spanning Tree protocol This chapter describes the bridge subsystem commands that can be used to perform the following tasks Display the bridge configuration Display and manage the bridge table includes changing the aging interval for dynamic learned entries Display add and delete bridge groups Display the bridging status of a segment Enable disable and configure Spanning Tree Protocol Display or clear packet bridge and segment statistics Display and clear the bridge cache PowerHub 7000 8000 Softwa
101. e the value of one or more variables on the device For example an agent reports data such as the number of packets sent received or dropped on that device Then the managed device and the NMS use SNMP as the common protocol lan guage to exchange the information requested by the NMS 1 3 2 Management Information Base MIB Agents Management Information Base MIB agents contain definitions of all resources represented by managed objects within the MIB that are managed by a network management system NMS The managed object has properties that hold values such as routing table information and error counters 1 3 3 ForeView ForeView is a graphical based management application tool for managing the PowerHub With a point and click interface ForeView provides access to PowerHub functions at both the sys tem and segment level ForeView can control the PowerHub monitor errors control bridge and routing configuration parameters and display print and save statistics ForeView integrates the PowerHub system bridge and router features into a single application with access and control of all information from one location It also contains fault management features to troubleshoot analyze and monitor multiple Ethernet or FDDI segments using a single network analyzer Statistics are shown in graphical formats and the physical attributes such as model and seg ment type are displayed on the front panel of a graphical representation of the
102. ed Segment level statistics can be cleared but not disabled When segment level statis tics are cleared they are reset to zero and immediately begin to increment as packets are received and sent The syntax of the stats command is as follows stats show pl s lt params gt lt display restrictor gt stats clear where pl s Optionally display either port or segment level statistics if available If one of these options are not specified both port and segment statistics if available are displayed lt params gt Specifies a comma separated list of the following statistics or all if none are specified pi po oi oo bpi bpo pu rbe xbe fcs fa c rc tc q gp cu lc er tm Table 7 4 defines the above parameters Table 7 4 Segment Level Statistic Parameters Parameter Description pi packets in po packets out oi octets in 00 octets out bpi broadcast packets in bpo broadcast packets out pu peak utilization rbe receive buffer errors xbe transmit buffer errors fcs frame check sequence errors fa frame alignment errors c segment collisions PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 7 31 EEEN Media Commands lt display restrictor gt Table 7 4 Segment Level Statistic Parameters Parameter Description rc port collisions tc transmit collisions q output queue length gp giant packets cu current utilization
103. eed beyond a WARNING statement until the indicated conditions are fully understood or met This information could prevent serious injury to the operator dam age to the FORE Systems product the system or currently loaded software and is indicated as follows WARNING Hazardous voltages are present To reduce the risk of electrical shock and danger to personal Y health follow the instructions carefully CAUTION statements contain information that is important for proper installation opera tion Compliance with CAUTION statements can prevent possible equipment damage and or loss of data and are indicated as follows CAUTION Damaging to the equipment and or software is possible if these instructions are not followed NOTE statements contain information that has been found important enough to be called to the special attention of the operator and is set off from the text as follows To change the value of the LECS control E parameters while the LECS process is running the new values do not take effect until the LECS process is stopped and then restarted PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Preface Laser Notice Class 1 Laser Product This product conforms to applicable requirements of 21 CFR 1040 at the date of manufacture Class 1 lasers are defined as products which do not permit human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible limits of Class 1 for applicable wavelengths and durations Thes
104. eeds to be forwarded and the modifications if any to be made to the packet After the necessary modifications are performed the Input Out put Processor IOP queues the packet for transmission on the appropriate destination port s The PE is also responsible for maintaining complete routing and bridging tables Caches of route and bridge tables are distributed to intelligent NIMs which make forwarding decisions locally and use the IOPs to queue the packets to the appropriate NIM PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 1 1 Features Overview 1 1 1 1 Packet Engine 1 PE1 PE1 contains the following major features e Supports all currently supported NIMs e Contains three 40MHz RISC 64bit internal 32bit external processors each with specialized functions one MCPU and two IOPs Installing a packet Accelerator adds another MCPU increasing the number of processors to four similar to the PE2 refer to Section 1 2 1 e Supports the two 800Mbps packet channels of the Packet Channel Backplane found in the PowerHub 7000for a peak bandwidth of 1 6 Gbps These high speed channels are implemented and controlled through the incorporation of ten propri etary ASIC devices 1 1 1 2 Packet Engine 2 PE2 PE2 contains the following major features e PE2 is backwards compatible with PE1 e Supports all currently supported NIMs e Contains four 100 150MHz RISC 64bit internal 32bit external processors each with specialized functio
105. efault device filename Specifies the name of the file to be displayed 5 1 23 Unalias The unalias command removes a previously defined alias definition see Section 5 1 1 The syntax for this command is as follows unalias name where name Specifies the alias definition to be removed PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual This chapter describes the commands in the system subsystem These commands are used to display or control various system level settings or conditions The commands available within the system subsystem are 51 PowerHub system system subsystem baud bootinfo bi card swap cs config convert config ccfg date dcd detection dcd ethaddr ea idprom idp mem type global help for global commands GATA System Commands passwd readcfg rdcfg reboot savecfg svcfg syslocn sysname temperature temp tty2 uptime version ver type shex to show an example of configuration 2 PowerHub system PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual o lt o 3 le o 3 3 D 2 D System Commands 6 1 Accessing the System Subsystem The system subsystem is the default subsystem entered when the PowerHub completes the boot process To access the system subsystem from any other subsystem enter system from the current runtime prompt 6 1 1 Baud The baud command is used to set or display the baud rate on either the TTY1 or TTY2 RS 232 port However before sett
106. em concentrator con tvx dac resetct src nvram smtmib treq status PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual 11 1 On Vai deme Fiber Distributed Data Interface 7 8 E Sa E as 92 e U S E o Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI 11 2 Concentrator The concentrator command is used to attach or detach FDDI Concentrator modules to a single FDDI segment Up to four FDDI Concentrator modules can be attached to a single FDDI segment for a total of up to 64 FDDI Concentrator ports The second FDDI concentrator chan nel can be used to attach up to four concentrators to an additional FDDI segment Up to two DAS Dual Attachment Stations segments can be configured as DACs provided they are part of the same FDDI module Note that a single FDDI Concentrator module cannot be attached to two DAS segments DACs Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Installation and Maintenance Man ual for information about FDDI Concentrator Modules The concentrator attach command resets E the FDDI module to attach the A and B port of the FDDI segment and the M ports of the FDDI Concentrator to the same ring This reset causes a slight delay of approximately 10 seconds while the ring is reconfigured to add the newly attached FDDI Concentrator module The syntax for this command is as follows concentrator con attach detach lt slot list gt to lt fddi segment gt concentrator con show where attach detach Attach or detac
107. enever a noun verb or part of a noun or verb is displayed in brackets the portion in brackets is not required for the command to be executed This portion of the command is assumed if omitted from the command line Entering config or config show produces the same end result eurT pueuiulo2 4 2 2 2 status The status command displays the current status of the hardware such as segment up down status port status the current bridge status of segments bridging enabled or disabled Span ning Tree enabled or disabled In general configuration parameters are displayed when the status status show command is issued PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 4 5 Command Line Interface 4 2 2 3 stats The stats command displays the statistics related to the current or specified subsystem When stats stats show is issued statistics related to the area in the current sub system or specified subsystem if different from the current are displayed For example the stats command issued from within the ip subsystem displays the current IP ARP and ICMP packet statistics 4 2 2 4 interface The interface it command configures an interface in the current protocol Typically there are add delete and show verbs accompanying this noun 4 2 2 5 route The route rt command is used to manually add a route to an IP IP Multicast AppleTalk IPX or DECnet protocol session Typically there are add delete show enable and dis ab
108. env svenv default device lt device gt lt file gt where default device lt device gt Specifies the device the environment file is being saved to fd fm or for the PowerHub 8000 fc only If no device is specified the file is saved on the default device lt file gt Specifies the name of the environment file to be saved 5 1 17 Show Configuration Example The show config example shex command displays to the user console examples of typi cal configurations There are no arguments or options for this command The syntax for this command is as follows show config example shex 169 PowerHub ip rip shex The following shows a short example to configure ip interface ip vlan add 200 200 200 200 2 1 add a vlan on segment 2 1 ip it add 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 add an ip interface ip enable enable ip forwarding The following shows some commands in subsystem bridge bridge br penable 2 1 port enable bridging on seg 2 1 bridge br pdisable 2 2 port disable bridging on seg 2 2 bridge st enable enable spanning tree bridge st disable enable spanning tree In summary there may be enable disable and their derives such as penable pdisable senable sdisable and etc to set a particular feature on and off 5 12 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Global Commands Use help cnps enable and help cnps disable in each subsystem to see what can be set on off 170 PowerHub ip ri
109. ependently Enabling or disabling the UTP port receivers has no effect on the port transmitters This command is only valid if a 4x4 or a 4x6 E module is installed The syntax for this command is as follows portreceive pr penablelpdisable port list where penable pdisable Enables or disables the port receiver on the specified port or port list lt port list gt Specifies the port port list or range of ports to be enabled or disabled This variable can be a port name a comma separated list of ports or a dash separated range of ports The following example disables the port receivers on segments 4 1 through 4 4 This is fol lowed by a configuration display of the port receiver status indicating that all port receivers are disabled Then the port receivers on segment 4 3 are enabled and the resultant port receiver configuration is again displayed indicating that the receivers on segment 4 3 are enabled 7 PowerHub media pr pdisable 4 1 4 4 Okay 8 PowerHub media config receive UTP port receiver enable disable status SUECA cmm rom SS E Slot 2 Slot 1 y A 9 PowerHub media pr penable 4 3 Okay 10 UTP port receiver enable disable status Slot 4 A A MN SaaS Slot 2 7 20 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Media Commands 7 8 Displaying Port Level Statistics The portstats command is used to display statistics on 4x4 or 4x6 Ethernet Intelligent Net work Interface Modules INIMs
110. er type changes from the configured type for the receiving network to the configured type for the destination next hop network The four different encapsulation types used for IPX are IEEE 802 3 Raw IEEE 802 2 LLC IEEE 802 2 SNAP and Ethernet II DECnetThe following fields in the MAC header are changed src mac addrChanged to the address of this router dst mac addrChanged to the address of either the destination node or the next hop gateway In addition a change is made to the DECnet long data packet headers these are normal data packets The long data header contains a flags field which is modified as follows If the source and destination nodes of the packet are both on the same segment the INTRA ETHERNET PKT bit is set If the source and destination nodes are on different segments the INTRA ETHERNET PKT bit is cleared If the destination node is not reachable and the sender has set the RETURN TO SENDER REO bit the PowerHub clears this bit and sets the RETURNING TO SENDER bit In this case the MAC header is changed as follows src mac addrChanged to the PowerHub MAC layer hardware address dst mac addrChanged to the MAC layer hardware address of the sender T The packet undergoes translation between Ethernet and FDDI formats In the case of long FDDI IP packets larger than 1518 bytes the packet also undergoes IP fragmentation Long non IP packets are not monitored 7 12 Pow
111. erHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Media Commands TT U The packet undergoes a double translation from FDDI to Ethernet and back The end result normally appears unchanged except for fragmentation in the case of long IP packets Long non IP packets are not monitored SPUeuwuIoo eIpa A PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 7 13 Media Commands 7 5 Monitoring a Segment The monitor command is used to monitor one or more segments on the PowerHub Before monitoring disable forwarding on the segment to which the monitored traffic is being sent Use the segment command see Section 7 9 to disable forwarding on a segment After dis abling the segment issue the monitor command to begin monitoring If multiple monitor commands are issued their effect is cumulative That is the PowerHub monitors all of the traffic specified by a11 of the commands The syntax for the monitor command is as follows monitor set from lt monitor spec gt to lt monitor spec gt on lt seglist gt monitor show lt seglist gt monitor clear where set Sets monitoring on the specified segment or segments from lt monitor spec gt Specifies which segments are to be monitored Packets entering through segments identified by this variable are copied to the monitoring segment The lt monitor spec gt can be one of the following options internalpacket from internal protocol stacks lt seglist gt packets from the specified segmen
112. es the command necessary to configure the PowerHub 7000 8000 to support various fddi modules and interfaces Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Installation and Maintenance Manual for a discussion on the physical makeup of fddi subsystems Chapter 12 SNMP Commands Describes the commands available in the snmp subsystem The snmp commands are used to configure the PowerHub 7000 8000 to respond to commands from a system level management system i e Fore View or HP OpenView Chapter 13 TFTP Commands Describes the commands available in the tftp subsystem The tftp subsystem commands provide an way to transfer files to from the PowerHub 7000 8000 Additionally tftp commands can be used to configure the system to be booted remotely from a tftp boot server Chapter 14 Telnet Commands Describes the command available in the telnet subsystem The telnet subsystem provides commands to initiate an outbound telnet session from the Pow erHub 7000 8000 Appendix A Configuration Defaults Provides tables outlining the configuration defaults applied to commands in the PowerHub 7000 8000 Appendix B Netboot Options Provides instruction on configuring netboot options for the PowerHub 7000 8000 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Preface Related Publications The following publications are referred to throughout this manual and comprise the Power HubASN 9000 Reference manual set e PowerHub 7000 8000 Release Notes MANU0254
113. es whether enabling or disabling source route filtering The default is enable A 6 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Configuration Defaults Table A 9 IP OSPF Subsystem Commands Command and Description asbd enable disable le E e E 5 E I 1 h 9 7 Specifies whether to enable or disable Autonomous System Border router The default is disable auto vlink enable disable Specifies whether to enable or disable the automatic virtual link feature The default is enable area add lt area id gt lt auth type gt stub area cost sac lt cost gt lt auth type gt md5 m Specifies that MD5 authentication is required for OSPF packets sent within this area The default is none no authentication stub area cost sac lt cost gt The OSPF software configures the default route automatically Table A 10 IP RIP Subsystem Commands Command and Description rip bridging rb enable disable Enables or disables the RIP bridging feature The default is disable PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual A 7 Configuration Defaults Table A 11 IPX Subsystem Commands Command and Description interface lit add lt segmentlist gt network mtu lt mtu gt met ric lt metric gt encap enet 802 31802 2 snap mtu mtu Specifies the maximum transmission unit number of octets for packets forwarded on t
114. et The PowerHub provides a service called IP Helper which can forward UDP packets including BOOTP packets between a netboot client and a remote server e Manually configure information such as the client and server IP addresses and the IP address of the gateway in NVRAM NVRAM contains a battery backup and retains its data across power cycles The contents of NVRAM are not lost even if the system is powered down PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual B 1 z o 2 o o o O 2 5 o Netboot Options The boot parameters configured in NVRAM override the corresponding parameters returned by the BOOTP server If the PowerHub is to bypass the BOOTP process configure all applica ble boot values in NVRAM B 2 The Boot Process The netbooting process takes place in the following phases BOOTP BOOTP packets are exchanged The BOOTP phase is bypassed if the applicable boot parameters are configured in NVRAM BOOTDEF Boot definition file is received via TFIP from server and parsed The boot definition file specifies the configuration file and system software to be used IMAGE Image files system software are received via TFTP from server and executed CONFIG Configuration file is received via TFTP from server and executed RUN TIME Normal run time operation begins The last four phases are identical for each netbooting implementation However the first phase BOOTP differs according to mode of implemen
115. et errors and collisions on a particular port can be monitored and graphed 1 2 11 Virtual Local Area Networks VLANs A Virtual Local Area Network VLAN is a collection of segments that share the same group name or interface address Layer 2 VLANs are created by creating a bridge group The soft ware comes with a default bridge group called default that contains all installed PowerHub segments Layer 3 VLANs can be created by assigning the same IP IPX or AppleTalk interface address to multiple segments When the software determines a packet is to be sent to a Layer 3 VLAN assigned to multiple segments the software forwards a copy of the packet on each segment From a physical perspective when this happens a separate packet is sent to each physical interface From a logical standpoint however the forwarded packet has been forwarded onto its single destination network or subnet irrespective of how many physical interfaces that net work or subnet is configured on 1 2 12 Bridging and Routing The bridge subsystem contains commands for configuring and managing the PowerHub as an IEEE 802 1d bridge Up to 32 network bridge groups can be defined each containing any subset of PowerHubsegments 1 2 12 1 Bridge Table and Cache The software maintains a bridge table containing the MAC layer hardware addresses of devices to which the PowerHub is able to bridge packets The software maintains this table by automatically adding new entries an
116. fault device lt device gt Specifies the device the source or destination file is located on fd fm or for the PowerHub 8000 fc only If no device is specified the source file is assumed to be on the default device lt file1 gt Specifies the filename of the file to be renamed lt file2 gt Specifies the new filename to be applied to the file 5 1 15 Remove The rm command deletes files from the default device or a specified device The syntax for this command is as follows rm i f default device lt device gt lt filespec gt where i Overrides the f flag presenting a prompt before removing each file The prompt provides an opportunity to cancel the request to remove the file If or i is not specified i is the default f Specifies forced deletion Delete without confirmation default device lt device gt Specifies the device the source file is located on fd fm or for the PowerHub 8000 fe only If no device is specified the source file is assumed to be on the default device PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 5 11 SPUBWILUOD Jeqo 5 Global Commands lt filespec gt Specifies the file or files to be deleted from the default device or specified device Use of the asterisk is allowed 5 1 16 Save Environment The saveenv svenv command saves the current system environment to the default device or specified device The syntax for this command is as follows save
117. fig ured to function as a Level 1 or Level 2 router DECnet statistics for the system in its capacity as a DECnet node and for the individual segments configured as DECnet interfaces can also be displayed 1 10 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Features Overview 1 2 13 Route Protocol Statistics The PowerHub can gather statistics for the following Internet routing protocols 1 2 14 Security Filters Filters to can be defined and applied to segments or protocol interfaces to control the traffic sent and received on the segments or interfaces The following types of filters can be defined AppleTalk Bridge DECnet IP IPM IPX OSPFv2 RIP SNMP TCP TCP IP Bridge filters Host TCP filters IP filters IP route filters RIP and OSPF AppleTalk filters IPX RIP and SAP filters e 2 o je lt 0 E s O PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 1 11 Features Overview 1 3 Network Management Features The PowerHub has a rich management environment providing comprehensive support for Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP as well as local RS 232 and Telnet console support ForeView graphical network management software provides true point and click device configuration and runs on a variety of popular management stations 1 3 1 Network Management System NMS The Network Management System NMS manages the PowerHub by sending requests to a software module or agent to chang
118. g commands Also on some TFTP servers files that are overwritten on the server are not properly trun cated When overwriting an existing file on the TFTP server if the older version of the file is longer than the new file the older version is not truncated properly by the server As a result the new version of the file contains part of the older version of the file Do one of the following to verify that the new version completely replaces the older version of a file Remove the older version of the file then save the new version spuewwod dil e Ifthe server requires that the file name be present on the server before copying it create a zero length file with the new name then save the file under the new name After the new file is copied to the server delete the older version of the file and rename the new file as desired PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 13 5 TFTP Commands 13 3 TFTP Commands The commands described in the following sections allow a particular TFTP server to be speci fied in the file operations described in this chapter These following commands are discussed tftp subsystem server readcfg rdcfg get savecfg svcfg put 13 3 1 Setting the Default Server The server command is used to specify the default TFTP server The syntax for this com mand is as follows server show server set lt ipaddr gt server unset where set When specified sets the TFTP server to the specified lt ipa
119. g example demonstrates this convention ESTE cd usr lt ENTER gt File names that appear within the text of this manual are represented in the following style the fore install program installs this distribution Command names that appear within the text of this manual are represented in the following style using the 1ush cache command clears the bridge cache Subsystem names that appear within the text of this manual are represented in the following style to access the bridge subsystem Parameter names that appear within the text of this manual are represented in the following style using seg 1ist allows the segments to be specified for which to display the spec ified bridge statistics Any messages that appear on the screen during software installation and network interface administration are shown in Courier font to distinguish them from the rest of the text as fol lows Are all four conditions true PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual V Preface Important Information Indicators To call attention to safety and otherwise important information that must be reviewed to ensure correct and complete installation as well as to avoid damage to the FORE Systems product or to the system FORE Systems utilizes the following WARNING CAUTION NOTE indicators WARNING statements contain information that is critical to the safety of the operator and or the system Do not proc
120. g rules and whether or not learned entries are blocked refer to PowerHub 7000 8000 Filters Reference Manual st All configured Spanning Tree Algorithm parameters The following example shows the type of information displayed by the config command when issued without arguments Some areas have been shortened for brevity 347 PowerHub bridge config Spanning Tree Status t Disabled System Priority 8000 Spanning Tree Address 01 80 c2 00 00 00 My Bridge Address 00 00 ef 03 9a b0 10 10 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Bridge Commands Max Age 2l Hello Time 4 Forward Delay 16 Sending Fast Hellos Disabled Fast Hello Params Hello Time 1 sec High Util 70 Low Util 50 Segment Prio Path Cost Designated Bridge Des Seg Des Cost Sta Chngs d 80 7 4 1 80 z Bridge learning segment 1 1 on Segment 4 1 on Bridge table aging time 60 minutes Bridge Groups Name Segment List default 421 AD Toar Tay 14 5 i26 1s 75 DB O 1210 Ille badas nse Asi lig 16 7 he LEG 1 18 1 19 1 20 1 21 1 22 1 23 1 24 1 25 101 20 1 27 1 28 1 29 1 30 L232 1 325 Filter templates Number Offset dec Mask hex Comparator hex 099 004 00000000 00000000 wW 2 Q o le o 3 3 D 2 D Filter rules Number Description 163 99 Filters applied Segment Transmit Receive sl 4 1 348 PowerHub bridge PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference
121. g segment 7 8 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual lt gt Media Commands Incoming runt packets giant packets and packets with FCS or frame alignment errors are not monitored Long larger than 1518 bytes packets on FDDI segments are fragmented and the fragments appear on the protocol analyzer This applies even if the monitoring segment and monitored segment are both FDDI segments Do not use the monitoring segment for routing or any other purpose except monitoring The monitoring segment should not have any devices connected to it other than a protocol analyzer Other types of connected devices workstations servers and so on can get very confused by packets from monitored segments 7 4 3 Packet Modifications During normal bridging and routing certain packets are modified before being forwarded For example both the MAC layer and network layer routing headers in routed packets are modified Moreover when packets are forwarded from FDDI to Ethernet or vice versa it modifies the packets accordingly With port monitoring the modified packet not the original packet is transmitted to the moni toring segment As a result the packet displayed by the protocol analyzer is the modified packet The way the packet is modified depends upon the segment type Ethernet or FDDI and the forwarding algorithm used as summarized in Table 7 1 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual spueuluio eipo y Medi
122. g this name cannot be uploaded e The file Lab3 env cannot be downloaded However it can be uploaded PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 13 3 TFTP Commands e Finally Lab4 env and Lab5 env have both read and write permissions enabled These files can be uploaded or downloaded The UNIX chmod command can be used on most UNIX systems to change read write per missions From an open outbound Telnet session issue the chmod or appropriate command to change the read write permissions after creating the zero file length file Refer to the UNIX shell documentation for details 13 2 2 Path Names Depending upon the TFTP server configuration path names may need to be specified when using the TFTP commands On some servers when the TFTP commands are used to upload or download files the Power Hubunderstands file names according to where the server is accessed Only those files located in the directory accessed by the PowerHub or in a subdirectory of that directory can be uploaded or downloaded if specified For example suppose the TFTP server is configured to allow access to the server at a directory called TFTP TELE fore ph ethan env sascha env All directories below the TFTP directory are considered part of the pathname for the files stored there Relative to the PowerHub the pathname for the files ethan env and sascha env is fore ph To download ethan env the following command would be issued get a fore ph
123. h a concentrator to the FDDI segment lt slot list gt to lt fddi seg gt Specifies the slots that contain the Concentrator modules to attach to the specified FDDI segment Up to three slot numbers can be specified Separate the slot numbers with spaces lt fddi seg gt Specifies the FDDI segment to which the FDDI Concentrator Module is to be attached In the following example FDDI Concentrator modules in NIM slots 4 and 5 are attached to FDDI segment 32 This command configures FDDI segment 32 as a DAC 4 PowerHub fddi concentrator attach 4 5 to 32 5 PowerHub fddi 11 2 PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI If additional Concentrator modules are being attached to a DAC use the attach option to add the module In the following example the Concentrator module in NIM slot 6 is attached to the DAC in segment 32 which is already managing the Concentrator module in NIM slots 4 and 5 5 PowerHub fddi concentrator attach 6 to 32 6 PowerHub fddi The example below shows the FDDI Concentrator configuration created in the example above 6 PowerHub fddi concentrator Concentrator modules are in slots DAC Concentrator modules 32 456 7 PowerHub fddi 11 3 DAC 7 8 E Sa E aS 92 e U E o The dac command is used to display information about the FDDI Dual Attach Concentrators installed The syntax for this command is as follows dac show
124. h reissues the previous command lt substring gt Repeats a previous command that begins with the string identified by lt substring gt A lt old gt lt new gt Modifies then reissues the previous command lt old gt indicates the string to be replaced with lt new gt 5 1 10 Logout The bye logout command is used to log out of the current session If the lock switch located on the front panel of the Packet Engine is set to Lock refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Hardware Reference Manual for detailed information on setting changing the Lock Switch and or Lock Switch Jumpers the interface displays the login prompt and the next session requires the user to login at either the root or monitor level and to enter the appropriate pass word to gain access Additionally the command line counter is reset to 1 The syntax for this command is bye logout The following example shows the use of the Logout command 18 PowerHub system logout 5 8 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Global Commands 5 1 11 Port Number Mode The pnm command is used to change the way port numbers are entered and displayed The syntax for this command is as follows pnm set multi old pnm show where multiiold Specifies to set either the multi part lt slot gt lt seg gt or the old style vport port numbering scheme The following examples show the results of using the pnm command First the current state is displayed followed
125. he syntax for this command is 5 14 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Global Commands subsystems ss The following example displays the results of entering the ss command 4 PowerHub system ss atalk atm atm 1483bridged atm 1483routed atm clip atm clippvc atm foreip atm lan e atm mps atm nhs atm mpc bridge dec fddi host ip ip rip ip ospf ip mcast ipx ip x rip ipx sap media nvram snmp system tftp telnet 5 PowerHub system 5 1 21 Timed Command The timedcmd tc command is used to define a timed command Timed commands can be defined to automatically issue any command string at regular intervals A timed command is similar to an alias see Section 5 1 1 for more information on defining an alias except that it is automatically executed at a specific interval Commands and aliases can be defined as timed commands Each user session can contain up to eight timed commands As with aliases timed commands are local to the current session Timed commands can be saved in environment files see Section 5 1 16 for more information on saving environment files If no argument is specified a display of all defined timed commands is presented The syntax for this command is as follows timedcmd tc add lt id gt lt time gt lt cmd gt timedcmd tc del ete lt id gt timedcmd tc enl enable lt id gt timedcmd tc dis able lt id gt where add Associates lt cmd gt with lt id gt and interval lt time gt If lt id gt specif
126. he following example displays the directory contents of the default device Flash Memory Module on a PowerHub 7000 1 PowerHub system dir 5 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Global Commands Volume in device is 4MB FLASH ATM PE1 598747 5 08 1998 9 36a FDDI PE1149841 5 08 1998 9 37a FETH PE177784 5 08 1998 9 37a PPU PE1 58365 S L3 199S 1305p PE1P PRM 588918 5 13 1998 1 05p EXPERT 0 5 13 1998 1 09p BOOTDEF PEl 28 5 08 1998 9 33a PE1 1446688 5 08 1998 9 35a BOOTDEF PPU 36 5 13 1998 1 04p GFC 36779 5 15 1998 11 06a CFG 34950 5 19 1998 12 57p MREBOOT LOG 0 5 21 19981 31p 12 File s 1069568 bytes free 2 PowerHub system ls 598747 5 08 19989 36a FM ATM PE1 28 5 08 19989 33 FM BOOTDEF PE1 36 5 13 19981 04p FM BOOTDEF PPU 34950 5 19 199812 57pFM CFG 0 5 13 19981 09p FM EXPERT 149841 5 08 19989 37a FM FDDI PE1 77784 5 08 19989 37a FM FETH PE1 6779 5 15 199811 06a FM GFC 0 5 21 19981 31p FM MREBOOT LOG 1446688 5 08 1998 9 35aFM PE1 588918 5 13 1998 1 05pFM PE1P PRM 58365 5 13 19981 05p FM PPU PE1 SpUBWIUIOD Jeqo 5 5 1 6 Format CAUTION Use extreme care when executing this command This command removes all files from the specified device Ensure that any configuration cfg files have been saved to floppy disk copy cfg fd cfg or transferred to a configured tftp boot server and that access to the run time software is available either from floppy diskette PowerHub 7000 or a tftp h
127. he tty2 port In the following examples an attempt is made to change the baud rate of the TTY2 port to 9600 baud An error is displayed The TTY2 port is then enabled and another attempt is made to change the baud setting This results in a message displaying that the baud rate was changed and written to nvram The TTY2 port is then disabled A message is displayed indi cating that the TTY2 port is now closed 13 PowerHub system baud set tty2 9600 Failed to change tty2 baud rate to 9600 14 PowerHub system tty2 enable 15 PowerHub system baud set tty2 9600 6 14 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual System Commands Changed tty2 baud rate to 9600 written to nvram 16 PowerHub system tty2 disable tty2 is now closed 17 PowerHub system If the Lock Switch is unlocked when booting the E TTY ports use the default baud rates 9600 for TTY1 and 1200 for TTY2 regardless of the baud rates stored in NVRAM 6 1 19 Uptime The uptime command is used to display how much time has elapsed since the last time the software was loaded There are no parameters for the uptime command The syntax for this command is as follows uptime show The following example shows that the system has been up for 15 hours 8 minutes and 52 sec onds 19 PowerHub system uptime Elapsed time since last reboot 15 hours 8 minutes 52 seconds 20 PowerHub system 6 1 20 Version The version ver command displays the version level of softwa
128. his seg ment enable disable ipx Specifies whether enabling or disabling IPX forwarding The default is disable set ripsap ctrl rsct normal n vlan v normal n Specifies that RIP and SAP updates are generated on a per segment basis This is the default penable pdisable type20 port forwarding tpfw seglist Specifies whether to enable or disable type 20 packet forwarding The default is penable enabled Table A 12 TFTP Subsystem Commands Command and Description get a fore ph ethan env ethan env Specifies net ASCII mode Files are transferred in binary mode by default get h lt host gt a lt remote file gt lt local file gt tty Specifies the IP address of the TFTP server in dotted decimal notation If no TFIP server is spec ified the default server is used The default server is specified using the set server command put h lt host gt a lt localfile gt lt remote file gt Specifies the IP address of the TFTP server in dotted decimal notation If no TFTP server is spec ified the default server is used The default server is specified using the set server command A 8 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual yd 31D EE Netboot Options This appendix describes the netbooting process in detail and describes how a common boot definition file can be shared among multiple PowerHubs For additional netbooting options information see the PowerHub 7000
129. his unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void this user s authority to operate this equipment NOTE The PowerHub 7000 8000 has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursu ant to Part 15 FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense DOC CLASS A NOTICE This digital apparatus does not exceed Class A limits for radio noise emission for a digital device as set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications Le present appareil numerique n emet pas de bruits radioelectriques depassant les limites applicables aux appareils nume riques de la class A prescrites dans le reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte par le ministere des Communica tions du Canada VCCI CLASS 1 NOTICE COME EARL RE MT BYTES NAN ARM HRE C LERA TO ERE AL UI ARRE ESPERE EI ESL BAAVCCHBE IAAL TBO EF tio Cy fumi EIG OBEULILNUECIEH2L5 27 z 7vwvU67a Y SABRES IC RPE ELE
130. ia segmentname sset Marketing 2 1 Segment 2 1 named Marketing 51 PowerHub media segmentname show 2 1 Segment names 2 1 Marketing 52 PowerHub media PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 7 23 SPUBWILUOD eIpa A Media Commands 7 11 Segment State Detection The ssd command is used to set Segment State Detection on specified segments The syntax for this command is as follows ssd show lt seglist gt ssd penable pdisable lt seglist gt where lt seglist gt Specifies the segment or segments to display the current segment state detection state If no segments are specified all segments are displayed penable pdisable Specifies to either enable or disable segment state detection on the specified segment or segments The following example displays the current state of segment 1 16 and then disables segment state detection on segment 1 16 78 PowerHub media ssd 1 16 Automatic detection of ports state Segment 1 16 enabled currently bad 79 PowerHub media ssd pdisable 1 16 Segment 1 16 disabled 80 PowerHub media 7 11 1 Automatic Segment State Detection Automatic segment state detection recognizes if a segment is down and automatically dis ables bridging and routing on that segment When it has been detected that the state of a seg ment has changed the segment is disabled taken out of service and the software is marked to denote the change The updated segment state is displayed when
131. iable value 2 2 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual remove rename zmodem zmodem lt PROM 7PE gt file file receive send Software Subsystems nvram set bo sets disk net boot order rm del f fl f2 fn rename ren lt oldfilename gt lt newfilename gt zreceive zr rz 27abcehtw lt filename gt zsend zs sz 27abehkL1NnoptwxYy Additional commands can be found under expert help which is accessed by entering two question marks Most of the commands located under expert help should not be used unless directed by FORE Systems TAC Some of the commands can be used to upgrade the Packet Engine firmware Any commands pertaining to normal operation of the PowerHub are discussed in detail in the PowerHub 7000 8000 Hardware Reference Manual Commands used by FORE Systems TAC are not discussed PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 2 3 o h gt EU y o E o o lt Y O 3 7 Software Subsystems 2 2 Runtime Software The commands used to configure or exercise PowerHub features are grouped into sub systems Each subsystem contains commands pertaining to a particular aspect of PowerHub configuration or management Issuing the subsystems ss command displays a list of all available subsystems Issuing help or global help from a system prompt displays a list of commands that can be executed at the current prompt The following subsystems are sup ported in the
132. iates together referred to as FORE and which may not be reproduced used sold or transferred to any third party without FORE s prior written consent All rights reserved dept Slot 5 AAA AR ARA AAA Card Type Packet Engine 40MHz Serial 4 633020265 Model 7101 01 Revision C Issue 2 Deviation not set PowerHub Version PH7000 FT 5 0 0 pel 7973 1998 09 07 11 19 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual PROM Version PARA HAHAHA Slot Card Type Serial Model Revision Issue Deviation MIRRA Slot Card Type Serial Model Revision Issue Deviation PH7000 pelp 3 0 0 ARA AAA 7887 1998 05 06 13 01 UTP 13x1 Interface Module 98125515 7350 01 K lt not set gt lt not set gt CEE ESEESE EEEE EEE 6x1 FE 97516928 7360 00 P not set not set PH QQ0 FT 5 1 0 feth pel 7973 1998 05 07 11 30 PHYTOUD0 TIGp 1 2 s147 1997 03 03 15 33 Runtime Version Prom Version MRE Slot Card Type Serial Model Revision Issue Deviation HAHAHA Slot Card Type Serial Model Revision Issue Deviation Runtime Version 2 AERE AE AE AE AAA AAA UTP 16x1 Interface Module 632027371 7202 00 G 1 lt not set gt 1 AEAEE E HE TE AEA FE E EEE H PowerCell 700 633020637 7401 00 K 3 lt not set gt ATM PH7000 FT_5 0 0 atm pel 7973 1998 05 07 11 26 Prom Version PH7000 7atmp 1 3 s1 8 1998 03
133. idge Change any of its configured dot1dBridge 2 Address PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 12 5 spuewwop dNNS SNMP Commands 12 4 Enterprise Specific Traps Table 12 2 shows the enterprise specific traps implemented in the PowerHub and lists the con ditions that cause these traps to be generated their OIDs MIB objects and variables Table 12 2 Enterprise Specific Traps Trap Conditions MIB object Variables atmLinkUp The specified interface has just 1 3 6 1 4 1 326 alAtmAMA Actual left the down state Slot ID is 2 6 1 1 2 1 Use reported by trap alatm 1 alATMCurrentAMA Type atmLinkDown Indicates a link is down and 1 3 6 1 4 1 326 alAtmAMASlotNum reports the slot ID for the downed 2 6 1 1 2 2 ber interface alatm 2 alAtm PreviousAMA alAtmPreviousAMA Type atmCutOver Reports a cut over from primary 1 3 6 1 4 1 326 alAtmAMASlotNum to backup port or vice versa 2 6 1 1 2 3 ber alatm 3 alAtmAMA Actual Use alAtmCurrentAMA Type alAtmPreviousAMA alAtmPreviousAMA Type atmBootUp Indicates start up and reports slot 1 3 6 1 4 1 326 alAtmAMASlotNum Id 2 6 1 1 2 4 ber alatm 4 alAtmAMA Actual Use alAtmCurrentAMA Type PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Table 12 2 Enterprise Specific Traps SNMP Commands Trap Conditions MIB object Variables atmFault Indicates a series of five or more
134. ies a running timed command it remains running but if lt id gt specifies an idle timed command it remains idle del ete Delete timed command lt id gt enl enable Enable timed command lt id gt that is start it running dis able Disable timed command lt id gt that is stop it from running The following example creates a timed command to display the configured elans every 10 sec onds The timed command is then enabled and following the display deleted 38 PowerHub system timedcmd add elansh 10 atm lane elan all Added elansh 10 secs atm lane elan all timer not running 39 PowerHub system timedcmd enl elansh elansh started at 10 seconds interval PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 5 15 SpUBWIUIOD Jeqo 5 Global Commands 40 PowerHub system Segment Elan Name Sel Byte Mode de S auto 0x00 Auto 40 PowerHub system timedcmd del elansh elansh stopped and deleted 41 PowerHub system 5 1 22 Type The type cat command can be used to display a file located on the default device or a spec ified device to the console This command works similarly to the UNIX cat or DOS type com mands The syntax for this command is as follows cat type default device lt device gt lt filename gt where default device lt device gt Specifies the device on which the file to be displayed is located on fd fm or for the PowerHub 8000 fe only If no device is specified the file is assumed to be on the d
135. igure the operating speed or mode Auto negotiation con figures the FEMA automatically to operate at the same speed and mode as the device it is con necting to The exception to this auto negotiation feature is the case noted in the caution above when a 10 100 FEMA connects to a legacy device without auto negotiation or to a device whose auto negotiating function has been disabled In this case the auto negotiation on the 10 100 FEMA must be turned off to prevent the 10 100 from automatically defaulting to half duplex After turning off auto negotiation set the speed and mode manually to match those of the connecting devices SPUeuwuIoo eIpa A 7 6 3 10 100 FEMA Values For 10 100 Fast Ethernet Media Adaptor FEMA ports the following values can be entered with the operation mode configuration command values lt om config mode gt Specifies the operating mode for the configured 10 100 FEMA ports where one of the following values must be entered PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 7 17 Media Commands fdx100_onSets full duplex 100Mbps auto negotiation enabled fdx10_onSets full duplex 10Mbps auto negotiation enabled hdx100 onSets half duplex 100Mbps auto negotiation enabled hdx10_onSets half duplex 10Mbps auto negotiation enabled fdx100 offSets full duplex 100Mbps auto negotiation disabled fdx10_offSets full duplex 10Mbps auto negotiation disabled hdx100 offSets half duplex 100Mbps aut
136. information about Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Modules and adapters see chapter 8 in the PowerHub 7000 8000 Installation and Main tenance Manual The syntax for the operating mode om command is described below operating mode om show seglist al11 operating mode om set seglist all fdx lbk flbk declbk normal hdx For 10 100 Fast Ethernet ports operating mode om set seglist all om config mode where lt seglist gt all set fdx Ibk flbk decibk normal hdx Specifies a segment segment list or all segments to set the operating mode The specified segments can be a range of segments separated by a hyphen or a comma separated list of segments Sets the operating mode specified on the specified segments Sets the specified segment s to the desired operating mode where fdxFull duplex IbkLocal loopback to the on board chip flbkFull duplex loopback to the on board chip declbkLoopback to the on board DEC chip normalHalf duplex without loopback hdxHalf duplex 7 6 1 Full Duplex and Half Duplex Modes The default operating mode for the 100Base TX the 100Base FX and 10 100 FEMA is full duplex mode In full duplex mode these FEMA types are capable of transmitting and receiv ing simultaneously Moreover segments being used in full duplex mode do not experience collisions The exeption to the full duplex mode default is when the 10 100 is connecting to a legacy device that does not support auto negotiation or
137. ing Tree algorithm is a mechanism that logically eliminates physical loops in a bridged network For example if bridges are configured in such a way that broadcast multicast packets are eventually forwarded back to the bridge that first sent them the network contains a loop Unless the network topology or bridges are re configured to break this loop or implement a mechanism to logically break the loop broadcast multicast packets are for warded from bridge to bridge indefinitely clogging the network Whenever a segment s state is changed either by automatic segment state detection or by a user interface command the Spanning Tree algorithm adjusts the network topology accordingly When the Spanning Tree algorithm is enabled using the spantree command see Section 10 12 the following Span ning Tree parameters can be fine tuned Bridge priority Segment priority e Timer threshold e Spanning Tree path cost e Fast hello time thresholds if the fast hello time feature is enabled The first four parameters are always used the last one is optional The following sections describe how to adjust these parameters The syntax for this command is as follows spantree st en enable dis able spantree st en enable dis able fast hello spantree st set maxage lt time gt spantree st set hello lt time gt spantree st set fwddelay lt time gt spantree st set fast hello lt time gt spantree st set high util lt percentage gt spantree st
138. ing the baud rate associated with TTY2 the port must be enabled using the tty2 command see Section 6 1 18 The syntax for this command is as follows baud set ttyl tty2 1200 2300 4800 9600 19200 baud show where set Specifies that the baud rate is to be set Sets the specified baud rate for the specified port tty1 tty2 Specifies the port to be set 1200 2300 4800 9600 19200 Specify the desired baud rate to be applied to the specified port The newly specified rate is stored in non volatile random access memory NVRAM and takes effect immediately It is retained across logins and power cycles The following examples dis play the current baud rate selections then TTY2 is enabled and the baud rate is set to 9600 43 PowerHub system baud TIY Baud Rate 9600 2 19200 44 PowerHub system tty2 enable 45 PowerHub system baud set tty2 9600 Changed tty2 baud rate to 9600 written to nvram 46 PowerHub system If the Lock Switch is unlocked when booting the E system the TTY ports use the default baud rates 9600 for TTY1 and 1200 for TTY2 regardless of the baud rates stored in NVRAM 6 2 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual System Commands 6 1 2 Bootinfo The bootinfo bi command is used to display the contents of the boot log The syntax for this command is as follows bootinfo bi show After the system run time software is loaded the following information is logged in memory as the boot log
139. ing the global saveenv svenv command see Section 5 1 13 The following example defines the alias ia which replaces the interface add command whenever entered The alias shown is used to add an ip interface on vlan test using ip address 144 132 55 65 43 PowerHub systemf alias ia interface add Added ia interface add 44 PowerHubASN 9000 system ip ia test 144 132 55 65 Vlan test Addr 144 132 55 65 Subnet mask 255 255 0 0 type bcast Added 45 PowerHub system 5 1 2 Checksum The checksum sum command is used to calculate the checksum of files on the default or specified device Calculating the checksum of all files when they are initially loaded and com paring this information should problems start to occur could point to possible corruption of the source file s Replacing the file s with clean copies may correct the problem For each new code release FORE Systems TACtics Online distributes checksum information against which you will be able to verify the validity of the code by using the checksum command Each patch release has a corresponding patch release note which identifies each fix delta incor porated as well as the checksum values for the operational code modules eg 7pe 7atm 7feth 7fdd The syntax for the checksum sum command is checksum sum lt device gt lt filename gt 5 2 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Global Commands where lt device gt The default device is used unless a device
140. ion Segment 10 24 The segment number listed in this column corresponds to the physical location of the segment in the PowerHub chassis Use the system config show command to display information about a segment s physical location in the chassis See your PowerHub Installation and Maintenance Manual for more information about this command If the segment number is followed by two asterisks then bridging has been disabled by the bridging command on that segment Note that the bridging command does not affect routing In this example bridging has been disabled on segments 1 1 1 3 2 3 and 2 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Bridge Commands Segment Name The description assigned to each segment You can change the description using the media sset segment name command See the PowerHub Hardware Installation and Maintenance Manual for more information about this command Spanning tree The Spanning Tree algorithm automatically causes segments to forward or block traffic based on the network topology When the Spanning Tree algorithm is enabled this column shows one of four states listening learning blocking forwarding disabled The listening and learning states occur when you first enable the Spanning Tree feature or when your network topology changes The blocking state indicates that packets are not being forwarded The forwarding state indicates that packets can be forwarded on the segment The
141. is specified Specify d for the floppy diskette or m for the Flash Memory Module in the PowerHub 7000 The only device on a PowerHub 8000 is the Compact Flash Card c lt filename gt Specify the name of a file on the device to calculate the checksum of the file The following example displays the checksum value of the Packet Engine runtime software image pel located on the default device i e the Flash Memory Module m 24 PowerHub system checksum pel 0x425367b2 FM PE1 25 PowerHub system 5 1 3 Copy The copy cp command is used to copy files from one device to another or to make additional copies of files on the default device or specified device The syntax of this command is as fol lows copy cp default device lt device gt lt filel gt lt file2 gt where default device lt device gt Specifies the source device fd fm or for the PowerHub 8000 fc only If no device is specified the default device is assumed lt filel gt Specifies the source filename lt file2 gt Specifies the destination filename There is only one device available on the E PowerHub 8000 the Compact Flash Card c Use of this command is therefore limited to copying files within the Compact Flash Card The following example copies the default configuration file c g from the Flash Memory Module default device to the floppy disk d renaming the file to c gl PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference
142. is required If the system was booted over the network the m is the default device If the file name on the server is an invalid pathname on the PowerHub an error message is displayed If tty is specified the file is not downloaded but an image of the file is displayed on the management terminal The file can be displayed from within a TTY RS 232 session or a TELNET session If a TFTP server name is not specified and no default server name has been configured an error message is displayed To configure a default server name use the server set com mand See Section 13 3 1 13 8 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual TFTP Commands 13 5 Uploading a File The put command is used to transfer a file to the configured TFTP server The syntax for this command is as follows put h lt host gt a lt localfile gt lt remote file gt where h lt host gt Specifies the IP address in dotted decimal notation of the TFTP server If this argument is not specified the default TFTP server is used The default TFTP server is specified using the set server command See Section 13 3 1 a Forces a net ASCII transfer If not specified octet mode is used to transfer the file Octet mode transfers include end of line characters transferring the file exactly as it is stored on the server Net ASCII changes the end of line characters to be compatible with the display or storage device that receives the file Use
143. k and listen can be configured on a segment by segment basis Statistics for RIP packets can also be displayed 1 2 12 5 2 Open Shortest Path First OSPF The ip ospf subsystem contains commands that can be used to configure the PowerHub as an Open Shortest Path First OSPF router OSPF is a routing protocol that enables each partic ipating router to use a topological map of the network to route packets OSPF routers exchange route information using link state advertisements LSAs An LSA is a packet that reports the link state up or down of a router s interfaces that are attached to devices in the OSPF network 1 2 12 6 AppleTalk Routing The atalk subsystem contains commands that can be used to configure PowerHub segments for AppleTalk Phase 2 routing AppleTalk zones and interfaces can be defined as well as com mands to ping AppleTalk nodes 1 2 12 7 IPX Routing The PowerHub can be configured and managed as an IPX router In addition the software provides management information on IPX routers and servers through implementation of IPX Routing Information Protocol RIP and Service Advertisement Protocol SAP RIP or SAP talk and listen parameters can be enabled selectively on a per segment basis to control the flow of RIP and SAP updates 1 2 12 8 DECnet Routing The dec subsystem contains commands for configuring the PowerHub to perform DECnet Phase IV routing Depending on the configuration of the network the system can be con
144. lable include OC 3 Single Mode Fiber SMF OC 3 Multimode Fiber MMF and OC 3 Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP If two AMAs are installed one can be configured as a primary port while the other can be configured as a backup port 1 1 2 3 FDDI Modules The FDDI modules are available in both Single and Dual configurations Each configuration is available with multi mode MIC single mode ST and UTP connectors Universal Single and Dual modules with the same adapters types are also available Additionally there are 1x6 and 1x16 FDDI Concentrator modules These are available with multi mode mini MICs or UTP connectors 1 1 2 4 Ethernet Modules Ethernet modules are available in the following varieties 6x1 Universal Ethernet Module Provides six slots for installation of Ethernet Media UEM Adapters EMAs Any combination of the following EMA types can be installed on the UEM AUI 10BAse 5 10Base FL FOIRL compatible 1 Base FB BNC 10Base 2 MAU Media Access Unit 10Base T UTP 10x1 10Base FL Provides 10 independent 10Base FL segments connection for each segment is provided by multimode ST connectors e 2 o o lt 0 E s O 13x1 Provides twelve 10Base T connectors and one slot for installation of a Fast Ethernet Media Adapter FEMA the FEMA types are the same as those for the 6x1FE module 16x1 Provides 16 independent 10Base T segments Connections for each segment is provided by an RJ 45 c
145. lay the ID PROM information recorded during the last power on cycle The Packet Engine and NIMs contain a special PROM called the ID PROM The ID PROM contains identification information and power requirements for the respective module The syntax for this command is lt slot number gt all idprom idp show slot number gt all where Specifies the slot containing the module for which the ID PROM information is requested or all displaying the ID PROM information for all installed modules The following example displays the results produced by this command In this example infor mation is displayed for the module in slot 1 a PowerCell 700 module 77 PowerHub system Card Type Serial Model Revision Issue Deviation idp 1 PowerCell 700 633020637 7401 00 K 3 not set ATM PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual System Commands Power Requirements 8000 mA at 5V 10 mA at 12V 78 PowerHub system The ID PROM display shows the following information Card Type The module currently installed in the specified slot Serial The serial number of the module Model The model number of the module Revision The revision level of the module Issue The module issue number Deviation If applicable the factory assigned deviation number Only some modules have deviation numbers Power Requirements The maximum amperage milliamps required by the module at 12 volts 5 volts or 3 3 volts
146. le in a user session Chapter 5 Global Commands Describes the commands that are available in the global com mand subsystem of the PowerHub 7000 and PowerHub 8000 Global commands are commands that are available throughout the PowerHub 7000 8000 Chapter 6 System Commands Describes the commands available from the system sub system The system subsystem commands are commands that are used to control overall sys tem parameters and environment Chapter 7 Media Commands Describes commands available in the media subsystem Media subsystem commands are used to control physical media and bridging configuration Chapter 8 NVRAM Commands Describes the commands available in the nvram sub system The nvram subsystem commands can be used to make changes to the order in which the system boots as well as to configure the segments that a module slot can support PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual ESTE Preface Chapter 9 Host Commands Describes the commands available in the host subsystem The host subsystem commands are used to set or display various TCP TELNET and UDP informa tion Chapter 10 Bridge Commands Describes the commands available in the bridge subsystem The bridge subsystem commands are used to display and control bridging parameters in the PowerHub 7000 8000 Chapter 11 Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI Describes the commands available in the fddi subsystem The fddi subsystem describ
147. le verbs accompanying this noun 4 2 2 6 cache The cache command displays or clears cache entries in the current subsystem The bridge sub system and all routing protocol subsystems contain a cache command The cache provides a fast path entry which is used as a shortcut to bridge or route packets When a bridge table or route table is in the fast path the PowerHub does not need to perform all the bridging or routing processing that it normally performs in order to bridge or route a packet Each cache is maintained by placing in it the most recently used source destination MAC address pairs for bridging or protocol interface addresses for routing 4 2 3 Parameters Most command nouns and verbs can be modified with parameters to further define what the command is to accomplish Where the parameter falls in relation to the noun and or verb depends on the type of parameter The PowerHub supports keyword and positional parame ters 4 2 3 1 Keyword Parameters Keyword parameters can be entered at any point following the verb 4 2 3 2 Positional Parameters Positional parameters must be entered in a specific position following the use of the verb The need for positional parameters in the UI is infrequent because the software uses keywords to determine the function being performed When the need for a positional parameter arises the software provides a response usage statement showing the proper syntax 4 6 PowerHub 7000 80
148. ll need to be as follows full duplex mode 10 MB and auto negotiation off The command below shows this configuration on port 2 5 42 PowerHub media om set 2 5 hdx10_off 7 6 5 Displaying the Operating Mode Configuration The om show lt seglist gt al1 command shows current operating mode configura tions on the segments specified 2 PowerHub media om 2 1 2 15 gt Segment 2 1 hdx 100MB Autoneg ON 10 100 status Undetermined Segment 2 2 fdx 100MB Autoneg ON 10 100 status Fdx 100Mbps e Segment 2 3 hdx 10MB Autoneg ON 10 100 status Hdx 10Mbps E Segment 2 4 hdx 10MB Autoneg ON 10 100 status Fdx 10Mbps 3 Segment 2 5 fdx 10MB Autoneg OFF 10 100 status Fdx 10Mbps g o 7 6 5 1 Troubleshooting If you are experiencing delays or corruption of data first verify that the configuration is set for optimal performance One of the ways to detect the source of data transfer problems is to view the data transfer statistics To view the statistics display enter the stats command from the media subsystem Any errors reported in this display may indicate that the settings on ports receiving and transmitting data are not set to accomodate the settings on devices they are con necting to PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 7 19 Media Commands 7 7 UTP Port Receiver Status The portreceive pr command enables or disables the receivers on specified Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP ports and can control each port ind
149. llowed to proceed Refer to Chapter 6 for information on changing or assigning passwords PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Command Line Interface 4 1 2 Entering and Editing Command Lines All commands are entered at the command prompt using a workstation terminal or PC as a management station The workstation terminal or PC must be attached to one of the TTY ports or connected through an active TELNET session Commands and arguments are case sensitive and should be entered only as shown in the manual or on line help Commands must not exceed 128 characters in length The keys used to edit and issue commands are the standard keys used on most UNIX workstations e To issue a command enter the command and any options or arguments if needed or required at the command prompt then press the lt Enter gt key e To erase individual characters in a command use the lt Backspace gt or lt Delete gt key or the EraseChar character assigned in the TELNET session lt Ctr1 H gt e To cancel an entire line of input use the reassign character lt Ctr1 U gt e To control the scrolling of output on the terminal use lt Ctr1 S gt to stop the flow and lt Ctr1 Q gt to resume the flow The global command stty provides options and arguments to change the key sequences used during TELNET sessions The key sequences for the current session or the default key sequences used for all sessions can also be displayed or changed
150. ly after it has been transmitted both to its normal destination and to the monitoring segment s For monitoring purposes packets are classified into three types Incoming A packet that is received on the monitored segment An incoming packet might or might not be forwarded according to the usual bridging and routing rules PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 7 7 Media Commands Forwarded A packet received on one segment then transmitted on the monitored segment Generated A packet transmitted on the monitored segment as required by the internal protocol stacks This includes outgoing TCP packets in TELNET sessions UDP packets for RIP updates and SNMP replies ARP requests and replies ICMP packets for various IP routing errors Spanning Tree hello and topology change packets and various packets generated by the IPX AppleTalk and DECnet protocol stacks Port monitoring monitors packets regardless of any filters defined on the monitoring segment This includes any filters that normally block traffic from the monitored segment to the moni toring segment Filters defined on the monitored segment remain in effect In addition incom ing packets are monitored regardless of a segment s Spanning Tree state blocked or forwarding or the enabled state enabled or disabled of the monitored segment 7 4 2 Performance Considerations and Operation Notes In general port monitoring does not adversely affect performance on the m
151. m the runtime command prompt Refer to the appropriate chapter of this manual for detailed information on the commands available in the subsystems of the system software Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual for details on configuring protocols Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000Filters Reference Manual for details on configuring filters The default runtime prompt is displayed as 1 PowerHub INIMPROM Intelligent Network Interface Modules NIMs such as FDDI 6x1FE and PowerCell ATM modules contain a PROM whose firmware is used by the module when it is booted The NIM PROM cannot be interacted with directly PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 3 1 D fe i Q I lt o a 7 PowerHub Files Runtime PROM Contains runtime features used by intelligent NIMs The runtime PROM firmware is stored on the NIMs PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual PowerHub Files 3 2 System Software The current version of PowerHub firmware and software is shipped already installed All required software and firmware is installed on the Packet Engine and all installed NIMs The following sections describe the software and firmware that may be installed on the Power Hub Specific software firmware actually installed depends on the PowerHub model and installed INIMs 3 2 1 PowerHub 7000 PE1 System software image file this file resides on the boot source and gets loaded when the system is loa
152. mands 14 1 Accessing the Telnet Subsystem liliis 14 1 142 Opening a Telnet Session 0 000 ccc ees 14 2 143 Closing a Telnet Session 0 00 ce eae 14 3 144 Viewing Telnet Status liliis eee 14 4 APPENDIX A Configuration Defaults APPENDIX B Netboot Options B 1 Choosing a Netbooting Method oooooccccccccc eee B 1 B 2 The BOO POCOS cc a eae B 2 B 2 1 Point to Point aa tem ERE Em idee Rn B 2 B 2 2 Cross Gateway Boot Helper Service Used ooo ooooo ooo B 4 B 2 3 Cross Gateway No Boot Helper Service Used B 5 B 3 Configuration Options sslsssseesee nen B 6 B 3 1 TETP Serveis eor Dalia A niet B 6 B 3 2 BOOTE Servet tii ni Yaa cee eae ate ede tie B 6 B 3 3 Intervening Gateway 0 00s B 7 B 3 4 Client PowerHuUb oooooooccoccco es B 8 B 3 5 Using the Same Boot Definition File with Multiple Switches B 9 B 3 6 Sharing Methods 0 00 c cece eee B 10 B 3 6 1 MAC Address Method 00 000 c eee eee ooo B 11 Index PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual TOC 7 List of Figures E a 9 1 2 Figure 2 1 PowerHub 7000 Boot Screen Display llle 2 1 g Figure 2 2 PowerHub 8000 Boot Screen Display o n nanana aaaea 2 2 Figure 4 1 Command Line sssaaa auauua 4 1 LOF 8 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual List of Tables Table 2 1 SUBSYSTEMS miis as Save ie ede a e 2 4 Table 7
153. ment count for a 5 slot PowerHub 7000 8000 is 96 segments The 10 or 15 slot PowerHub 7000 8000 has a maximum segment count of 128 segments The syntax for this command is as follows slotsegs show slotsegs lt n gt show slotsegs lt n gt set lt segment count gt slotsegs lt n gt unset PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 8 5 NVRAM Commands where lt n gt Specifies the slot number for which segments are being allocated The brackets are required around the slot number set Sets the specified number segments for the specified slot lt segment count gt Specifies the number of segments being allocated to the specified slot unset Clears the segment count for the specified slot In the following example a 5 slot PowerHub 7000 has segments allocated as follows e Slot 1 has thirty two segments allocated PowerCell 700 ATM module e Slot 2 has sixteen segments allocated 16x1 Ethernet Module e Slot 3 has two segments allocated Single FDDI module e Slot 4 has six segments allocated Universal 6x1 Ethernet Module e Slot 5 is unset and contains the Packet Engine The Packet Engine slot could also be set to zero 0 segments Following the segment allocation display the total allocated reserved segment count for the chassis is displayed Since this is a 5 slot chassis the number of reserved segments is less than the maximum allowable segment count of 96 The segment count for the ATM PowerCell in slo
154. mmands 12 3 Standard Traps SNMP specifications define a series of standard traps of which the PowerHub implements those listed below in Table 12 1 Table 12 1 Standard Traps Trap Conditions OID and MIB objects Variables coldStart The device has been power cycled generic 0 linkDown This trap is produced when a link goes down due to a secure address violation network con nection error or an explicit management disable action The trap frame carries the index value of the port generic 2 ifIndex linkUp This trap is generated when a port is re enabled The trap frame contains the index value of the affected port generic 3 if Index authentica tionFailure This trap is generated when the switch receives an SNMP message that is not accompanied by a valid community string generic 4 fddiRing Wrap FDDI ring wrap has occured 1 3 6 1 2 1 10 15 73 1 fddimib SMT1 fddiSMTIndex newRoot Indicates the sending agent has become new root of Spanning Tree 1 3 6 1 2 1 17 1 dotidBridge 1 dot1dBaseBridge Address PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Table 12 1 Standard Traps SNMP Commands ports transitions from Learning to Forwarding state or from Forward ing to Blocking state Trap Conditions OID and MIB objects Variables topology Sent by a bridge when 1 3 6 1 2 1 17 2 dot1dBaseBr
155. ms is a registered trademark and ForeView and PowerHub are trademarks of FORE Systems Inc All other brands or product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Preface Chapter SumMMari8s oo ooccocooo hern i Related Publications asaris reaa e Aaa ete nee tenes iii Technical SUPPORTS nee ein wks PME EE M MEC d is iv Typographical Styles 2a lat xh RUD Rivers vui ut V Important Information Indicators ooooccocccncooc RII vi Laser Notice xp Cale MUS SERERE LE E RR eR a Pale PER RI IER vii Safety Precautions ere aree xe Rib eR DUCERE DC DK s viii Modifications to Equipment oooccoccccoo III viii Placement of a FORE Systems Product 0 00s eee e eens viii Power Cord Connection 000 cee teens viii Command Syntax ici A A eee A Aa x CHAPTER 1 Features Overview 1 1 Intelligent Packet Switching 00s cect eee 1 1 1 1 1 Packet Engine ara here x NES ere ERE Gated 1 1 1 1 1 1 Packet Engine 1 PE1 200022 1 2 1 1 1 2 Packet Engine 2 PE2 AE eee 1 2 1 1 2 Network Interface Modules NIMs lessen 1 2 1 1 2 1 Intelligent Modules 0 0 0 o 1 2 112 2 AEM Modules ce Rr REX EG weed 1 3 1 1 2 3 FDDI Modules ke we IER iR SER Ms 1 3 1 1 2 4 Ethernet Modules 00 000 eee eee 1 3 1 1 2 5 Fast Ethernet FE Modules 0 00 0
156. n The savec g svc g command is used to save the current configuration to a file on a speci fied device The default filename for this file is cfg but any filename can be used If configu ration changes are saved to a file other than cfg the file must be loaded after the software is loaded using the readcfg rdcfg command see Section 6 1 12 The syntax for this com mand is savecfg svcfg lt file or device name gt where lt file or device name gt Specifies the name under which the configuration file is to be saved The following example saves the current configuration changes to the default file cfg on the default device 17 PowerHub system savecfg cfg overwrite cfg y 18 PowerHub system 6 1 15 System Location The syslocn command is used to optionally identify a particular PowerHub The system location can be used by a Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP management station to identify this particular system The syntax for this command is syslocn set location syslocn show location where set Sets the specified location location Specifies the location of the PowerHub Any alphanumeric string up to 24 characters in length can be specified The location name cannot contain spaces If a location is not specified the location name of the current system issuing the command is displayed The following example shows the current system location Undefined and changes the loca tion variable
157. n most entries in the bridge table have none of the preceding flags set Such entries are learned addresses that have been seen at least once since the last time the bridge table was aged 10 8 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 10 5 Cache Bridge Commands The cache command is used to display or clear bridge cache entries Each time the bridging engine bridges a packet it creates an entry in the bridge cache containing the packet s destina tion and source Ethernet MAC address The bridge cache is frequently updated with the most recently used source destination pairs and provides a fast path for bridge traffic resulting in increased performance The bridge cache can be used for at a glance information about the current bridge traffic in the network The syntax for this command is as follows cache show lt disprestrict gt cache clear where disprestrict Specifies the segments for which to display the cache entries Specify a single segment a comma separated list of segments or a hyphen separated range of segments The following example shows a brief list of cache entries 17 PowerHub bridge cache Bridging cache Port 01 Dest 08 00 20 08 70 54 Source Dest 00 00 6b 82 3f 34 Source Dest 08 00 20 08 85 69 Source Dest 08 00 20 08 70 54 Source Port 02 Dest 00 00 6b 82 3f 34 Source Dest 00 00 94 06 79 12 Source Dest 08 00 20 08 85 69 Source Dest 08 00 20 08 70 54 Source Li
158. n codes are displayed with 0 for successfully executed commands and with F for unsuccessful commands The following example enables the return code prompt and displays the results 33 PowerHub system rcprompt enable 00000000 34 PowerHub system hi 29 ip 36 it 37 vlan 36 pnm set multi 37 hi 00000000 38 PowerHub system 5 1 13 Read Environment The readenv rdenv command is used to execute the file environment lt file gt in the context of the current UI session The syntax for this command is readenv rdenv default device lt device gt lt file gt where default device lt device gt Specifies the device to read the environment file from fd fm or for the PowerHub 8000 fc only If no device is specified the environment file is read from the default device lt file gt Specifies an environment file stored on the specified device The default is no device specified The following example reads environment file myenv from the default device 57 PowerHub system rdenv myenv nui stty stty rows 24 stty more aliases 5 10 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Global Commands timed commands 58 PowerHub system 5 1 14 Rename The mv rename command is used to rename files located on either a specified device or the default device The syntax for this command is as follows rename mv default device lt device gt lt filel gt lt file2 gt where de
159. n to a remote TFTP host make sure a TFTP file already exists on the host to which the configuration can be saved The syntax for this command is as follows savecfg svcfg h lt host gt lt remote file gt where h lt host gt Specifies the IP address of the TFIP server The default server is specified using the set server command see Section 13 3 1 lt remote file gt Specifies the name of the configuration file to be saved Specify a name that is meaningful to the TFTP program on the server For example if the server contains a subdirectory called configs and this directory is specified as the TFTP home directory do not specify configs as part of the file name On UNIX based TFTP servers if write permission for others is not enabled for the configu ration file name or the directory to which the file is being written a message such as the fol lowing is displayed 16 PowerHub tftp savecfg cfg tftpWrite Peer generated error tftp Permission denied Access violation 17 PowerHub tftp spuewwod didi If this error is received check the file and directory permissions for others on the TFTP server If the UNIX based server requires that the file name already exist but the file does not yet exist on the server a message such as the following is displayed 18 PowerHub tftp savecfg cfg tftpWrite Peer generated error tftp File not found File not found 19 PowerHub tftp The following example show
160. nagement features 1 12 FoteView eter ce eae aes 1 12 management information base 1 12 network management system 1 12 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual NVRAM commands 8 1 boot order 0 cece eee eee 8 1 crash reboot 0 eee eee 8 5 file server IP address 8 3 gateway IP address 8 4 my internet protocol address 8 2 my subnet mask 8 3 slot segments 008 8 5 0 on line help ssssssseeeses 4 7 Set v elm eR ERE ende nS 4 9 SHOW 3 t cest ost E Se s 4 10 SVBtax awe ds 4 8 operating mode 0 7 16 OSPR cuca dia bet 1 10 P packet engine description oooocoocooccccmo o 1 1 packet engine 1 o oooooooccocomo ooo 1 2 packet engine 2 o oooooooccccoccom oo 1 2 packet modifications 7 9 port monitoring description 00 7 7 performance considerations 7 8 port level statistics displaying xe erus 7 21 R IRI di Me do eto ce dotted ut cx 1 10 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Index S segment state detection automatic oo oooooomoomooo 7 24 methods ori dl Iesv 7 25 100Base FX ssssse 7 25 100Base TX sssss 7 25 10Base FB 7 25 10Base FL ss 7 25 ATM Id eu 7 25 AUI cable ss 7 25 FDDI 32 6 adaenadcercod
161. names and pathnames of the software image files and configuration file Unless all BOOTP parameters were supplied in NVRAM PowerHub sends a BOOTP broadcast packet out each Ethernet segment configured as an IP interface Parameters not configured in NVRAM are sought in the response from the BOOTP server z o 2 o o o O 5 o BOOTP request is received by intervening gateway If boot parameters in NVRAM include information needed by gateway to forward the BOOTP packet the packet is forwarded to the server This information includes the PowerHub IP address and subnet mask and the server IP address Server receives BOOTP request forwarded by intervening gateway and sends response packet through the gateway to the PowerHub PowerHub receives BOOTP response and stores information from server including name of boot definition file in Boot PROM During the boot process each Ethernet segment is by default config ured as an IP interface This segment configuration has no relation to the configuration of the segments during run time operation BOOTDEF Identical to point to point process IMAGE Identical to point to point process CONFIG Identical to point to point process RUN TIME Identical to point to point process PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual B 5 Netboot Options B 3 Configuration Options This section describes the configuration requirements for the BOOTP server T
162. nce Manual Media Commands 7 11 1 5 Explicitly Disabling Unused Segments For AUL BNC and BNCT segments heuristics are used to determine the segment state Occa sionally electronic noise can make an AUI BNC or BNCT segment appear active when it is not When this occurs automatic segment state detection believes the segment is active and does not disable it Accordingly it is recommended that segments be explicitly disabled when removing them from service See Section 7 9 for information about the segment command SPULWILUOD eIpa A PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Media Commands 7 12 Segment State Detection Threshold The ssdthreshold ssdt command sets segment state thresholds for AUI and BNC seg ments The syntax for this command is as follows ssdthreshold ssdt sset lt value gt lt seglist gt where lt value gt For AUI segments specifies the loss of carrier threshold that is the number of times a loss of carrier must be detected in a one second period for the segment to be considered down and therefore to be disabled For BNC segments specifies the idle period threshold that is the number of seconds during which the segment must remain idle to be considered down and therefore to be disabled by software lt seg list gt Specifies the segment s for which automatic segment state detection is to be enabled or disabled If all is specified the detection state is changed for all
163. nd 1525 n O 2 o je lt 0 E s O 1 2 12 3 Spanning Tree The bridge software includes implementation of the 802 1d Spanning Tree ST algorithm When enabled the software identifies and breaks loops in the network without requiring configuration changes Commands in the bridge subsystem allow fine tuning of the ST parameters to fit network needs 1 2 12 4 IPX Translation Bridging IPX translation bridging allows one or more IPX networks that span FDDI and Ethernet seg ments using different packet encapsulations to be configured This type of bridging is different from 802 1d bridging which bridges packets based on the MAC layer hardware address of the devices in the network 1 2 12 5 IP Routing Commands in the ip subsystem allow segments to be configured for IP routing Using ip commands IP interfaces can be assigned to individual segments The IP routing software also supports IP VLANs enabling a single IP subnet that spans multiple segments to be defined PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 1 9 Features Overview The following subsections describe major features of the ip subsystem Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual for more information about these features and the ip commands 1 2 12 5 1 Routing Information Protocol RIP The ip rip subsystem commands enable the PowerHub to perform IP routing Using com mands in this subsystem RIP parameters such as tal
164. ng example shows the bridge statistics entries for bridge table misses 64 PowerHub bridge stats Table misses 04 49 0 0 02 33 0 0 01 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 PowerHub bridge wW 2 Q o le o 3 3 D 2 D PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 10 23 Bridge Commands 10 14Status The status show command is used to display the bridge spanning tree status for each seg ment When this command is issued the bridge status can differ depending on whether bridg ing or routing are enabled on particular segments The syntax for this command is as follows In the following example a subset of Tree status of those segments 66 PowerHub bridge status Segment Segment Name 2 Port 1 T3 Port 3 1 32 Port 32 2t Port33 2x2 Port 34 2 55 Pott 37 2416 Port 48 4 POrt 51 67 PowerHub bridge status show segments is displayed for brevity showing the Spanning Spanning tree forwarding disabled disabled forwarding disabled forwarding disabled disabled For bridge or VLAN traffic to be forwarded on the segment the Spanning Tree state must be forwarding The Spanning Tree state does not affect routed traffic on the segment Note that the Spanning Tree state blocking does not indicate a problem in your network As described in Section 10 12 the Spanning Tree algorithm breaks loops in the bridge network by blocking certain segments The columns in this display show the following informat
165. ng old config file fd cfg HH Switching to ZUI t ttt HH Saving config file fd cfg2 93 PowerHub system 6 1 6 Date The date command is used to display or set the system date and time The syntax for this command is as follows date set YYMMDD hhmm ss where set date show Sets the specified date and or time PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual System Commands YYMMDD hhmm ss Specifies the year YY month MM day DD hour hh minute mm and optionally the seconds ss To set the time but not the date specify lt hhmm gt lt ss gt If the seconds argument is used make sure to use the period in front of the seconds If the number of seconds is not specified the value is set to 00 The software reads this argument from right to left so any additional arguments can be specified with lt hhmm gt For example specifying lt DDhhmm gt also specifies the day Note that the arguments must be specified in the order shown For example YYhhmm or lt DDMMYYhhmm gt cannot be entered If no arguments are specified the current date and time is displayed The following examples show the command to display the current system date and time the command to set a new system date and time and the command to re display the time set for verification 117 PowerHub system date Thu Feb 26 13 35 08 1998 118 PowerHub system date set 9802261436 30 date set to Thu
166. not plug FORE Systems products into any other type of power system Contact the facilities manager or a qualified electrician if unsure of what type of power is supplied to the building PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Preface WARNING FORE Systems products are shipped with a grounding type 3 wire power cord To reduce the risk of electric shock always plug the cord into a grounded power outlet ESTE PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Preface Command Syntax The following expressions are used in this manual when describing command syntax AaBbCcDd A term that is being defined Example IP Helper is an enhancement to the ip subsystem that allows a system to be boot from a server separated from the boot client by a gateway AaBbCcDd A command name Commands are case sensitive they should always be issued in lowercase Example dir 1 Separates the full and terse forms of a command or argument e The full form is shown on the left of the e The terse form is shown on the right of the Example dir ls When the command or argument is entered either the full form or terse form may be used In this example either dir or 1s can be used 2 Separates mutually exclusive command arguments Example active ama aa cset p rimary b ackup lt slot gt all In this example the command active ama aa can accept either act ive ama or aa but not both Enclose optional command arguments or
167. ns two MCPUs and two IOPs e Supports the four 800Mbps packet channels of the Packet Channel Backplane found in the PowerHub 8000 for a peak bandwidth of 3 2 Gbps These high speed channels are implemented and controlled through the incorporation of ten propri etary ASIC devices 1 1 2 Network Interface Modules NIMs The PowerHub supports various interfaces through the use of Network Interface Modules NIMs Some NIMs are termed as Intelligent NIMs INIMs The following paragraphs pro vide an overview of the supported NIMs grouped by interface type For detailed descriptions of supported NIMs refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Hardware Reference Manual 1 1 2 1 Intelligent Modules The following NIMs are termed Intelligent NIMs INIMs INIMs have the ability to make packet handling and forwarding decisions These INIMs contain processor and intelligence firmware that can relieve the respective PE some of the workload of handling packets These INIMs forward packets directly to ports that are physically located on the same INIM e PowerCell 700 ATM module Single Dual Universal Single and Universal Dual FDDI modules e 6x1 Fast Ethernet 6x1 FE module 1 2 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Features Overview e 2x8 Fast Ethernet 2x8FE module 1 1 2 2 ATM Modules The PowerCell 700 ATM INIM supports up to two ATM Media Adapters AMAs These AMAs can support various physical PHY ATM interfaces The interfaces avai
168. ntation for the file server to determine how to associate link names with configuration files To name the configuration files according to the link sharing method use the following proce dure for each client PowerHub using the server For each configuration file copy the file into the fore ph configs directory as shown below lt name gt bd where lt name gt bd Specify a meaningful name representing the file Any legal file name can be used When this procedure is complete the TFTP server should contain a separate configuration file for each client PowerHub using the server B 12 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Index Numerics 10 100 FEMA esee 7 16 Valles Mm ta 7 17 B02 Td A E s 1 9 A AppleTalk routing sssese 1 10 ATM modules o o oooooooooooo 1 3 auto negotation 10 100 FEMA senses 7 17 B bandwidth ooooooooooomomo 7 17 boot screen display 2 1 bridge cache description 00 1 9 bridge commands 10 2 ASIS o etu t at ea RKS 10 3 allocate memory 10 12 bridge groups 0 10 13 bridgetable cito cia tests 10 6 brid SING ii 10 4 Gach beast oan eas ee ees 10 9 configuration 10 10 IPX bridge translation 10 15 learning eua Res reed 10 18 releatmlog cse ries 10 19 spanning tree oooooooooooo o 10 20 s
169. o negotiation disabled hdx10 offSets half duplex 10Mbps auto negotiation disabled IbkLoopback on enabled nolbkLoopback off disabled The various loopback options should only be Eu used when attempting to isolate problems on the Ethernet Fast Ethernet modules supported These should also only be used in conjunction with assistance from FORE Systems TAC 7 6 4 Setting the Operating Mode for Ethernet and 10 100 FEMA Attempting to set a port to an operating mode that is not supported by that particular segment results in an error message as shown in the first example below The next two examples set the operating mode on Ethernet segments Note that all operating mode commands are entered from the media subsystem 38 PowerHub media om set 1 1 hdx Segment 1 1 May set operating mode only on AUI 10T 10FL 100TX 10 100 and 100FX ports 39 PowerHub mediaf om set 2 2 fdx 7 18 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Media Commands Segment 2 2 fdx 40 PowerHub media om set 2 3 normal Segment 2 3 normal The following examples set the operating mode on 10 100 FEMA segments The first example sets the 10 100 FEMA port to full duplex 100Mbps with autonegotiation enabled 41 PowerHub media om set 2 4 fdx100_on In the second example the 10 100 FEMA is connecting to a legacy device sending packets at 10Mb s in full duplex mode The legacy device does not support autonegotiation The set tings on the port wi
170. o the segment connecting to the TFTP server must have an IP interface defined on it For information about adding an IP interface refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Manual The TFTP protocol provides no authentication for E any services including downloading or changing files stored on the TFTP server If the TFTP server is configured to allow tftp commands to be used anyone with access to the server can download or change files PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 13 1 spuewwod dil TFTP Commands 13 1 Accessing the TFTP Subsystem To access the tftp subsystem issue the following command at any runtime command prompt tftp PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual TFTP Commands 13 2 Considerations The TFTP commands work with many types of TETP servers including servers running UNIX DOS Windows NT or OS 2 The following considerations apply to TFTP servers that are running UNIX a very common platform for TFTP Regardless of the platform used con sult the appropriate server documentation regarding either of the following File permissions not applicable to some operating systems e Conventions for pathnames and file names If problems are experienced while uploading or downloading files between the PowerHub and TFTP server they can often be resolved by verifying whether read and write access to the server is required and how file names need to be specified 13 2 1 TFTP Commands and
171. of this command is as follows myip show myip set lt ipaddr gt myip unset where set Sets the IP address assigned to the PowerHub lt ipaddress gt Specifies the IP address assigned to the PowerHub unset Unsets and clears the IP address currently assigned The following examples display the current assigned IP address and finds that it is unset The IP address is then set and displayed to verify it was properly set PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual NVRAM Commands 21 PowerHub nvram myip myip not set 22 PowerHub nvram myip set 169 144 86 54 23 PowerHub nvram myip myip 169 144 86 54 24 PowerHub nvram 8 1 3 My Subnet Mask The mysm command is used to set the subnet mask of the system The syntax for this com mand is mysm show mysm set lt ipaddr mask gt mysm unset where set Sets the IP subnet mask for the system lt ipaddr mask gt Specifies the IP subnet mask unset Unsets and clears the IP subnet mask The following examples display the current assigned subnet mask and finds that it is unset The subnet mask is then set and displayed to verify it was properly set 28 PowerHub nvram mysm mysm not set 29 PowerHub nvram mysm set 255 255 255 0 30 PowerHub nvram mysm mysm 2552559729970 31 PowerHub nvram Z lt mul gt le 3 3 D 5 2 0 8 1 4 File Server IP Address The sip command is used to display set or clear the file server IP address associate
172. ommands 12 1 Accessing the SNMP Subsystem To access the snmp subsystem issue the following command at any runtime command prompt snmp The following commands are available in the snmp subsystem snmp subsystem community com manager man config stats 12 2 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual SNMP Commands 12 2 SNMP Community The community com command is used to add or delete SNMP community settings The default configuration includes the standard default SNMP community public which has read only access Up to eight SNMP communities can be supported at any one time The syn tax for this command is as follows community com add lt community name gt ro rw community com delete del lt community name gt where add Specifies that the named community is to be added to the configuration del ete Specifies that the named community is to be deleted from the configuration lt community name gt Specifies the community name to be added or deleted ro rw Specifies the community s access as read only ro or read write rw The default is read only access The following example illustrates adding an admin community with read write access 77 PowerHub snmpf community add admin rw 78 PowerHub snmp spuewwop dNNS The following command deletes the admin community 79 PowerHub snmp community del admin 80 PowerHub snmp PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 12 3 SNMP Co
173. on lt TCP port gt Optionally used to specify a TCP port if the default TCP port 23 is not used Entering open lt ipaddr gt from the telnet system prompt displays the following information 80 PowerHub telnet open 169 144 86 49 Trying 169 144 86 49 Connected to 169 144 86 49 Escape character is Y SunOS UNIX fabrique login Only two telnet client sessions can be opened E from the PowerHub at a time When the open command is executed with a valid lt ipaddr gt the system attempts to connect to the requested address and the information is echoed back to the console Additionally a keyboard shortcut is available to return to the PowerHub system prompt Pressing the Control key with the Y Ct x 1 Y key from the active host acts as a shell command returning the user to the PowerHub system prompt 14 2 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Telnet Commands 14 3 Closing a Telnet Session The close command closes the current telnet client session The syntax for this command is as follows close To use the open command to exit from an active telnet client session the Ctr1 Y keyboard shortcut must be used to shell back to the PowerHub system prompt The system responds as shown below 86 PowerHub telnet close Telnet session Disconnected 87 PowerHub telnet It is also possible to exit from the active telnet client session by logging out of the connected host This terminates the session an
174. on Specify one of the following enetEthernet Type II 802 3Raw 802 3 802 2802 3 with an LLC header snap802 3 with LLC and SNAP headers Tf the FDDI device does not support 802 3 bridging between the Ethernet devices and the FDDI device standard IPX bridging is not allowed IPX Translation bridging must be used PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 10 15 Bridge Commands The default Ethernet encapsulation type for use E in Novell IPX versions 2 2 through 3 11 is 802 3 The default for versions 3 12 through 4 x is 802 2 lt fddi encap gt Specifies the encapsulation type to be used for packets translated to FDDI Specify one of the following 802 3Raw 802 3 802 2802 3 with an LLC header snap802 3 with LLC and SNAP headers The default FDDI encapsulation type for use in E Novell IPX versions 2 2 through 3 11 is 802 3 The default for versions 3 12 through 4 x is 802 2 network all Specifies the IPX network number or all for deletion IPX translation bridging is independent of but E mutually exclusive with IPX routing It is recommended that IPX translation bridging and IPX routing not both be enabled However if both IPX translation bridging and routing are enabled IPX routing takes precedence over IPX translation bridging 10 9 1 Encapsulation Types When IPX translation bridging is used the Ethernet and FDDI encapsulation types to be used on each IPX network are specified For each IPX network n
175. one Hash 1ffd collision displacement 0 ff ft ff ff ff ff UE none permanent bmcast Total entries 7 Learned entries 5 Permanent Entries 2 18 PowerHub bridge The bridge table contains the following information for each entry Ethernet address The MAC layer hardware address of the device PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 10 7 Bridge Commands Seg Segment The segment to which the network joining the device is attached If the MAC layer hardware address belongs to a multi homed host the segment number is shown as MH Rule The number of a logical filtering rule applied to packets forwarded to or from this address Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Filters Reference Manual for information about defining rules Flags Certain flags are maintained in order to use and manage addresses in the bridge table For example entries such as the address of the PowerHub are marked and entries that haven t been used recently are flagged for possible deletion aging Each entry in the bridge table can have one or more of the following flags bmcastA broadcast multicast address permanentMost often this flag indicates that the address is a static entry Otherwise it is a switch defined entry spanning treeThe industry standard IEEE 802 1d multicast address used by the Spanning Tree algorithm systemThe factory configured MAC layer hardware address of the PowerHub blankIn a typical applicatio
176. onfigurations of individual devices IPX translation bridging enables Ethernet and FDDI devices with different encapsulation types to communicate with each other This feature is especially useful if the IPX network consists largely of Ethernet devices using 802 3 encapsulation the default encapsulation type in Novell IPX software versions 2 2 through 3 11 However if the network name is not in the IBT table IPX translation bridging does not occur and normal bridging does This section describes the commands that are used to dis play add delete enable or disable IPX translation bridging The syntax for this command is as follows ipx br translation ibt show lt network gt t ipx br translation ibt add lt network gt lt ethernet encap gt lt fddi encap gt ipx br translation ibt delete lt network gt all ipx br translation ibt enable ipx br translation ibt disable where lt network gt t Optionally specifies the IPX network number s that were added for translation bridging between Ethernet and FDDI The t option displays the total number of entries in the IPX translation table wW 2 Q o le o 3 3 D 3 2 D lt network gt Specifies which IPX network number to add to the IPX translation table for the specified encapsulation type lt ethernet encap gt Specifies the encapsulation type to be used for Ethernet packets Packets bridged from FDDI to this network number are converted to this encapsulati
177. onitored segments or other segments However if the monitored traffic load is greater than the capacity of the monitoring segment then not all monitored packets are successfully queued Packets not queued onto the monitoring segment for this reason are still delivered to their normal destina tions When multiple segments are monitored packets from all segments are queued onto the moni toring segment in the approximate order in which they were received forwarded or gener ated Note that if a packet is incoming on one monitored segment and forwarded on another monitored segment only one copy of the packet is queued onto the monitoring seg ment When outgoing forwarded or generated and incoming packets are monitored on a segment they might not appear on the monitoring segment in the same order in which they appear on the monitored segment This can happen because an outgoing packet is queued for transmis sion on the monitoring segment at the same time that it is queued for transmission on the monitored segment not when it is actually transmitted Therefore it is possible for one or more packets to be received on the monitored segment and queued after the outgoing packet on the monitoring segment even though they appear on the monitored segment before the outgoing packet is actually transmitted However the order of packets within either the incoming stream or the outgoing stream on the monitored segment is preserved on the moni torin
178. onnector 4x4 Microsegment Repeater Provides four independent 10Base T segments Each segment is further divided into four ports and connection to each port is provided by an RJ 45 connector PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 1 3 Features Overview 4x6 Microsegment Repeater Provides four independent 10Base T segments Each segment is further divided into six ports and connection to each port is provided in a 50 pin Champ style connector 1 1 2 5 Fast Ethernet FE Modules Fast Ethernet FE modules are available in the following varieties 6x1FE Provides six FE interfaces in the form of individually installed Fast Ethernet Media Adapters FEMAs The FEMAs are available with 100Base TX 100Base FX or 100Base T4 connectors 13x1 Provides twelve 10Base T connectors and one slot for installation of a FEMA The FEMA types are the same as those for the 6x1FE 4x8 Provides 1 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Features Overview 1 2 Software Features The following software features are supported in the PowerHub 7000 and 8000 This section describes the features that can be found in the PowerHub software The focus of this section is on system management rather than configuration and management of network interfaces The following subjects are discussed e Multiprocessor Optimization e Boot Sources e Command Line Interface e File Management System e Concurrent Command Line Sessions e Configuration
179. ost This command is not applicable to the PowerHub 8000 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 5 5 Global Commands The format fmt command can be used to format the Flash Memory Module m of the PowerHub 7000 or the Compact Flash Card fc of the PowerHub 8000 The syntax for this command is as follows format fmt device where device Specify fm Flash Memory Module The following example formats the Flash Memory Module 63 PowerHub system format fm WARNING Formatting will erase all data from the device Are you sure you want to continue y Erasing v So Sana Aleve A tee anon te Te asta te Yas Ta ete cute uo Te Gata ii isa e I a Format complete Restarting FlashFileSystem Restarting FlashFileSystem complete 64 PowerHub system 5 1 7 Help The help command is used to display the commands in the current or specified sub system as well as syntax help for a specified command Refer to Chapter 4 for detailed infor mation on On Line Help The syntax for this command is as follows help lt word gt lt word gt where lt word gt Specifies a command for which to obtain help If no lt word gt is specified a listing of the available commands is displayed lt word gt Specifies additional words that are normally used in conjunction with the first word specified e g interface add The following example displays the help information for the ip interface add command
180. ot rwxrwxrwx 1 username drwxrwxrwx 4 username 8 Escape back to the PowerHub Ct r1 Y and re attempt the upload fabrique tftpboot 60 gt Escape to Command line mode 512 Mar 1024 Jan 0 Mar 512 Mar 33PowerHub tftp put a cfg 169 144 86 49 cfg 28553 bytes 19 2 2 08 A 12 cfg 08 13 08 12 02 fore to return 9 Notice that this time the transfer was successful Re open the outbound Telnet ses sion and display the files present to verify a successful transfer 34PowerHub tftp telnet open fabrique tftpboot 60 gt ls al total 31 drwxrwxrwx 3 root drwxr xr x 26 root rwxrwxrwx 1 username drwxrwxrwx 4 username fabrique tftpboot 61 gt 512 Mar 1024 Jan 28553 Mar 512 Mar 19 2 2 08 227 13 cfg 08 08 12 02 fore In the following example an environment file is uploaded to a UNIX server in a subdirectory fore configs of the tftpboot directory 40PowerHub tftp put myenv fore configs myenv 169 144 86 49 fore configs myenv 41PowerHub tftp 92 bytes Notice that a pathname is specified with the file name in this example Ensure a pathname that is meaningful to the TFTP program is specified PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 13 11 spuewwod dil TFTP Commands 13 6 Read Configuration The readcfg rdcfg command is used to read load a PowerHub configuration file that is stored on a remote TFTP server The syntax for this command is
181. oved 85 PowerHub system cs enable 1 GINIM BOOTCard 1 inserted slot 1 image FM atm pel 86 PowerHub system 6 1 4 Config The config command is used to display the current system configuration This command displays information pertaining to the physical configuration of the system There are no options or arguments to this command The following example displays the system informa tion for a 5 slot PowerHub 7000 3 PowerHub system config Accelerator board is present Accelerator IOP is being used Installed DRAM Size 24 MB ttyl 9600 baud tty2 4800 baud PE slot 3 PM1 present and good o PM2 not present PM3 not present PM4 not present 3 04 51 MM MM Q 02 33 UTP UTP UTP UTP UTP UTP EI UTP UTP UTP UTP UTP UTP i UTP UTP UTP UTP E 01 01 OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF y OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF OC3 MF 4 PowerHub system The following information is displayed e Whether or not a Packet Accelerator is present on the Packet Engine and if the accelerator input output processor IOP is in use or not e The amount of dynamic random access memory DRAM installed on the Packet Engine e The current baud rates assigned to the TTY1 TTY2 ports e The slot occupied by the Packet Engine indicated by PE In this example the Packet Engine
182. p 5 1 18 Set TTY The stty command is used to set or display tty parameters The syntax for this command is stty d efault t lt tty gt rows lt gt more dcd lt speed gt erase lt c gt kill lt c gt werase lt c gt intr lt c gt rprnt lt c gt stop lt c gt start lt c gt where default Sets speed in NVRAM for the tty port t lt tty gt Specifies the tty port to apply the baud rate change Used with the default option rows lt number gt Specifies the number of rows to display on the terminal Q more Enable paging of long displays a more Disable paging of long displays 9 dcd Enable dcd detection 3 dcd Disable dcd detection a tabs Output tabs unchanged tabs Expand tabs to spaces on output lt speed gt Specifies the baud rate to be used for tty Used with NOTE Specifying default also causes the speed change to occur in NVRAM If default is not default and t options specified then the speed change affects the tty erase c Sets erase character for telnet sessions kill lt c gt Sets line erase for telnet sessions werase c Sets word erase for telnet sessions intr lt c gt Sets interrupt character for telnet sessions rprnt lt c gt Sets reprint line for telnet sessions stop c Sets xoff flow control for telnet sessions start c Sets xon flow control for telnet sessions PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual
183. ponse packet contains name of boot definition file server IP address PowerHub IP address PowerHub IP sub net mask and intervening gateway IP address Gateway forwards response packet to client switch Client switch receives BOOTP response and stores information from server in memory During the boot process each Ethernet segment is configured as an IP interface by default This segment configuration has no relation to the configuration of the segments during run time operation BOOTDEF Identical to point to point process IMAGE Identical to point to point process CONFIG Identical to point to point process RUN TIME Identical to point to point process B 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Netboot Options B 2 3 Cross Gateway No Boot Helper Service Used The following table summarizes the netboot process used for cross gateway netbooting when the gateway does not have a boot helper service If preferred this method can be implemented even if the intervening gateway does contain a boot helper service Table B 3 Cross Gateway Netbooting No Boot Helper Service Phase Process BOOTP PowerHub uses boot parameters in NVRAM as substitute for BOOTP parameters The following parameters can be specified in NVRAM Pow erHub IP address and subnet mask gateway IP address server IP address name of the PowerHub boot definition boot def file The boot definition file contains the file
184. rHub onto the TFIP server then modify the file as follows e Add or modify a line to load the configuration file If the configuration file has been saved before copying the bootdef file the bootdef file already contains a line for loading the configuration file This line needs to be modified e Add the pathname and file name for the software image on the TFTP server Following is an example of a bootdef file that is modified for netbooting vstart 1 fore ph configs 0000EF014A00 cfg c fore ph images 7 2 6 3 0 7pe m vend 1 In this example the MAC layer hardware address of the PowerHub is used as the configura tion file name The pathnames for the configuration file and the software image file are included with the file names Whether a pathname is specified depends on how the TFTP server is configured When editing the bootdef file make sure the pathnames entered are meaningful to the TFTP server l Some boot definition files might contain the lines vstart 0 and vend 0 These lines are used for booting from a floppy diskette PowerHub 7000 only and do not work for netboot ing Ensure the boot definition files used for netbooting use Yovstart 1 and Yovend 1 B 8 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Netboot Options B 3 5 Using the Same Boot Definition File with Multiple Switches If only one PowerHub needs to be configured for netbooting using the MAC layer hardware address of the PowerHub to name the configura
185. rap delete Deletes the SNMP manager specified by lt IP addr gt and lt community name gt or all configured SNMP managers lt IP addr gt all Specifies the IP address of the SNMP manager to be deleted If all is specified all configured SNMP managers are deleted In the following example an attempt is made to add a SNMP manager at IP address 169 144 86 49 to the admin SNMP community Since the community doesn t exist an error message is generated The community is then created com add The attempt to add the SNMP manager is made again and is successful The SNMP configuration is then displayed 96 PowerHub snmp man add admin 169 144 86 49 ERROR Community admin not found Cannot add manager 169 144 86 49 97 PowerHub snmp com add admin rw 98 PowerHub snmp man add admin 169 144 86 49 99 PowerHub snmp config Community Access PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 12 11 spuewwod dNNS SNMP Commands public ro admin rw 100 PowerHub snmp Additionally SNMP managers can be deleted by deleting the community they are attached to Do this with care as deleting the community deletes all managers attached to that community 12 12 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 12 7 Using SunNet Manager SNMP Commands If SunNet Manager is being used to access the MIBs the following types of files must be pre pared for each MIB e Schema e Trap e OID Table 12 3 lists the utilities and file names in
186. ration from the specified file or device For auto configuration on boot up use the file name cfg NOTE The last line in any configuration file must be the string endcfg or ecfg 241 PowerHub system 4 8 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Command Line Interface The display produced by this help command shows the syntax required to successfully exe cute the command The display also provides a brief description of the options arguments used with the command and explains what the command is intended to perform Depending on the command additional information by also be provided as shown in the readcfg com mand above With some commands there are numerous command verbs available Such commands as interface may contain the add delete and show verbs Entering help interface results in a display similar to the following 242 PowerHub ip interface Help available for it interface add lt vlanid gt lt ipaddr gt lt prefixlen gt lt mask gt iftlype ble n bma p top lt nbr_addr gt it interface del ete p lt vlanid gt lt ipaddr gt all it interface show lt disprestrictors gt You may obtain more detailed help by giving additional parameters 243 PowerHub ip The previous display shows all of the syntax available for use with the ip interface com mand Additional help on each of the various options can be obtained by entering help interface and the verb as shown in the follo
187. re set Sets the specified boot order The boot order designates the order of sources from which the system attempts to boot lt value gt Specifies the actual boot order Values can be Floppy Diskette in the PowerHub 7000 or c Compact Flash Card in the PowerHub 8000 m Flash Memory Module or n network via a tftpboot server The boot order can be set to any order PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 8 1 Z lt muj gt z le 3 3 D 5 2 0 NVRAM Commands unset Unsets the specified boot order Causes the boot order to default to the Floppy Diskette Compact Flash Card If more than one boot source is specified the system attempts to boot in the order specified For example if m is entered the system attempts to boot from the Floppy Diskette Compact Flash Card in the PowerHub 8000 and then the Flash Memory Module in the PowerHub 7000 If more than one boot source is specified the Eu runtime and configuration files on each should match to prevent an erroneous configuration from being loaded The following examples show the results of the various boot order command options 15 bo 16 T bo 18 PowerHub PowerHub PowerHub PowerHub nvram bo not set defaults to f nvramf bo set fm nvram bo fm floppy flash module nvram 8 1 2 My Internet Protocol Address The myip command is used to display set or clear the IP address of the PowerHub The syntax
188. re Reference Manual 10 1 wW 2 Q o le o 3 3 D 2 D Bridge Commands 10 1 Accessing the Bridge Subsystem To access the bridge subsystem issue the following command from any command prompt bridge The following commands are located in the bridge subsystem aging ipx br translation ibt bridging br learning learn bt lrule cache relearn log rl config Spantree st filter stats getmem status group template Commands related to the configuring of filters filter lrule and template are dis cussed in the PowerHub 7000 8000 Filters Reference Manual 10 2 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Bridge Commands 10 2 Aging The aging command is used to set or unset disable the bridge table aging time Aging is a mechanism that periodically clears learned entries from the table Only dynamic entries entries learned and not configured manually are aged by the software Static entries those created by the user do not age At the interval specified the aging interval the software determines which of the learned entries in the table have not been used recently Each learned entry that has not been used dur ing the specified interval is marked aged This value shows up in the Flags column of the bridge table If an entry marked aged is used during the next aging interval the aged flag is removed and the entry remains in the table However if an entry marked aged is unused during the next interval the
189. re currently running on the installed modules The syntax of this command is as follows version ver show lt slot number gt all where lt slot number gt Lists the version of software on the card in the slot specified all Lists the version of software on the Packet Engine and all installed Intelligent NIMs If no parameter is specified version information for the Packet Engine firmware is displayed The following examples show typical displays of the use of this command PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 6 15 o lt o 3 O fe 3 3 D 3 2 D System Commands 21 PowerHub system ver Card Type Packet Engine 40MHz Serial 633020265 Model 7101 01 Revision C Issue 2 Deviation lt not set gt PowerHub Version PH ple FT_5 0 0 6933 1998 02 18 09 20 PROM Version pelp 3 0 0 7887 1998 05 06 13 01 00000000 12 PowerHub system ver 1 Card Type PowerCell 700 ATM Serial 633020637 Model 7401 00 Revision K Issue 3 Deviation lt not set gt Runtime Version PH7000 FT_5 0 0 atm pel Prom Version PH7000 7atmp 1 3 s1 8 00000000 13 PowerHub system ver all 7973 199840507 T1526 1998 03 10 11139 HEHEHE EE EE COPYRIGHT NOTICE E HEHEHE HEHE EE HHH Copyright 1994 1998 FORE Systems Inc as an unpublished work This notice does not imply unrestricted or public access to these materials which are a trade secret of FORE Systems Inc or its subsidiaries or affil
190. revious paragraph entering help show at any subsystem prompt displays those commands and the global commands available in the present subsystem that use the command verb show as part of the command syntax Use of this help option can save the user time in searching for the particular show command to per form a particular function 246 PowerHub system show Help available for default deviceldd show baud set ttyl tty2 1200 2300 4800 9600 19200 baud show bootinfo bi show date set YYMMDD hhmm ss date show dcd dection dcd enable disable dcd detection dcd show idprom idp show slot number all promver pv show syslocn set location Syslocn show location sysname set location sysname show location temperature temp show slot number gt all uptime show version ver show lt slot number gt lal1 config show PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Command Line Interface You may obtain more detailed help by giving additional parameters 247 PowerHub system le o El El D E 2 E 5 o PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Command Line Interface PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual ea P 1E IzESE Global Commands This chapter discusses the use of global commands that are available within the PowerHub run time software from any system prompt Global commands are those commands which can be executed from any subsystem in the PowerHub
191. ributed Data Interface FDDI 11 8 FDDI MIB Variables The smtmib command is used to display the FDDI Concentrator MIB variables for specified FDDI port s The syntax for this command is as follows smtmib show lt group gt lt disprestrict gt where lt group gt Can be one of smt Displays the smt FDDI MIB objects mac Displays the MAC FDDI MIB objects port Displays the Port FDDI MIB objects priv Displays the Private FDDI MIB objects all Displays the FDDI MIB objects in all groups disprestrict Specifies the FDDI segment s to display the MIB objects A single segment a comma separated list of segments or a hyphen separated list of segments can be specified 11 8 PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI The following example shows the display produced by the smtmib command with no argu ments 151 PowerHub fddif smtmib SMT variables of port 4 1 Station ID Number of MACs in this station Number of Non Master ports Number of Master Ports Paths available Attachment configuration MAC variables of port 4 1 Upstream Neighbor MAC Address Downstream Neighbor T Req T Neg T Max TvxValue MAC Frame Count MAC Transmit Count MAC Copied Count MAC Error Count MAC Lost Count MAC Ring Operation Count RMT State PORT variables of port 4 1 Port PC Neighbor Port PC Type Port PC Neighbor Private MIB of port 4
192. s a successful execution of the savecfg command to the default remote host directory 70 PowerHub tftp savecfg cfg 71 PowerHub tftp PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 18 13 TFTP Commands 13 14 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual AVANT Telnet Commands This release of ForeThought software for the PowerHub 7000 8000 includes the ability to per form an outbound telnet session from within the PowerHub user interface Commands in the telnet subsystem are provided to allow an outbound telnet session These commands are telnet subsystem open status close 14 1 Accessing the Telnet Subsystem To access the telnet subsystem issue the following command from any command prompt telnet The telnet subsystem contains three commands These commands are open close and status The following paragraphs describe the syntax for these commands PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 14 1 o 5 f 2 le o 3 3 D E 2 D Telnet Commands 14 2 Opening a Telnet Session The open command is used to open an outbound telnet client session to a remote host whose IP address is specified lt ipaddr gt The optional parameter lt TCP port gt specifies a remote tel net server listening TCP port The default value is TCP port 23 The syntax for this command is as follows open lt ipaddr gt lt TCP port gt where ipaddr Specifies the IP address of the remote device to open the Telnet sessi
193. s the one removed If the replacement NIM is of a different type than the one that was removed it will be necessary to power down the system remove the card insert the new card and then power on the system This sequence loads the ID PROM information of the cards currently installed into the configuration manager The syntax for this command is as follows card swap cs enable disable slot card swap cs show where enable disable Specifies whether to enable i e insert or disable i e remove a module Enable states that the card is restored to the system slot Specifies which slot is being enabled disabled The following example shows the result of executing the card swap es command with no options 4 PowerHub system cs Slot Status Actively in service Actively in service Not present during boot Actively in service lt lt lt Packet Engine CPU gt gt gt Not present during boot Not present during boot Not present during boot AANA 01 BPWN RA Os Not present during boot 10 Not present during boot 5 PowerHub system The following example removes the ATM PowerCell module in slot 1 This is followed by installing the ATM PowerCell module back to slot 1 Notice that following the execution of the enable command the appropriate runtime module is reloaded to the new module 6 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual System Commands 84 PowerHub system cs disable 1 Card 1 rem
194. segments in the chassis Automatic segment state detection must be E enabled on all 10Base T segments The Ethernet controllers refuse to transmit packets on any segment that does not have a good link status As a result buffers can become stuck on the output queue of 10Base T segments that do not have a good link status This can adversely affect performance of the rest of the system Enabling automatic segment state detection buffers can prevent buffers from being enqueued on the segments and allow any enqueued buffers to be recovered if the segments go down An example of setting the segment state detection threshold for port 2 1 is shown below 82 PowerHub mediaf ssdt sset 10 2 1 Segment 2 1 enabled currently bad 83 PowerHub media 7 28 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Media Commands This display shows information appropriate to each segment type Because BNC segments are determined to be down if they are idle for the period specified by lt threshold gt in this case 5 seconds their idle period threshold is shown The loss of carrier threshold 10 seconds in this case is listed because AUI segments are determined to be down when a loss of carrier is detected the number of times specified by lt threshold gt in a one second period The other types of Ethernet segments are determined to be down in the absence of regular link test pulses or data or idle symbols FDDI segments are down
195. set low util lt percentage gt spantree st set bridge priority bp lt priority gt spantree st sset seg priority sp lt priority gt lt seglist gt spantree st sset path cost pc lt path cost gt lt seglist gt where en enable dis able Specifies whether the Spanning Tree algorithm or fast hellos are to be enabled or disabled The default is disable 10 20 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Bridge Commands time Specifies the time to be set for maxage of the bridge timer threshold The range is 6 40 seconds The default is 21 seconds hello time of the bridge timer threshold The range is 1 10 seconds The default is 4 seconds fwddelay time of the bridge timer threshold The range is 4 30 seconds The default is 16 seconds The fast hello 1 10 default is 1 second percentage Specifies the percentage to be set for high util range is 1 100 The default is 70 low util range is 1 100 The default is 50 priority Specifies the hexadecimal priority level assigned to bridge priority range 0 to FFFF The default is 80 hex seg priority range 0 to FF The default is 80 hex When specifying seg priority a separate priority must be assigned for each segment specified lt seglist gt Specifies the segments to which priority has been assigned Specify a single segment a comma separated list of segments or a hyphen separated range of segments path cost Specifies the cost of the path
196. sh Memory Module in a PowerHub 7000 can be reformatted if necessary 1 25 Concurrent Command Line Sessions Up to four management sessions can be open at the same time The primary session is always the session on TTY1 a second TTY session can be opened on TTY2 In addition up to two TELNET sessions can be open simultaneously 1 2 6 Configuration Files Configuration changes effected through software commands can be preserved by saving the changes in a configuration file Changes saved to the file name cfg are automatically applied and following a software reboot provided the c g file is present on the boot source applied to the new session 1 6 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Features Overview 1 2 7 Parameter Files Commands can be issued to modify parameters that control user sessions These parameters include scroll control TELNET control characters command aliases and timed commands If session parameters are not saved in environment files these parameters will be lost when the session is closed Environment files can be saved so that the same conditions can be made available in another user session The environment file can then be read loaded reinstating the session parameter changes that were stored in the environment file If an environment file is saved under the name root env it is automatically loaded when ever the system is logged into under root status Likewise environment files saved under the
197. sing the readcfg command The syntax for this command is as follows readcfg rdcfg v default device lt device gt lt file gt where v default device lt device gt lt file gt 6 1 13 Reboot Optional argument that displays each command in the configuration file to the user console as it is read Specifies the device where the configuration file is stored fd fm or in PowerHub 8000 fc only If no device is specified the default device is assumed Specifies the name of the configuration file to be read The new configuration information does not undo the configuration information contained in the default cfg file Instead the new configuration is added to the current configuration until the system is powered down or rebooted The additional configuration information can be saved with the current configuration information by issuing the savecfg command see Section 6 1 14 The reboot command is used to manually reboot the PowerHub The reboot command per forms a cold restart of the PowerHub During a cold restart the Packet Engine conducts a power on self test to check its various hardware components Following successful comple tion of the power on self tests the system software is loaded The syntax for this command is as follows PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual reboot 6 11 o lt o 3 O fe 3 3 D 2 D System Commands 6 1 14 Save Configuratio
198. specified all slots are displayed If a NIM slot is specified but not a LED setting the current setting for the specified module is shown If a NIM slot is not specified the current LED settings for all Ethernet modules except UEMs in the chassis are shown PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 7 5 Media Commands calxr Configures the LEDs to reflect either transmit collisions and activity transmit and receive or packet transmit and receive activity The default is xr The following example displays the current Ethernet module LED settings Notice that only the module in slot 2 is an Ethernet module 55 PowerHub media lm Slot 01 LED not configurable on this module type Slot 02 xr leds reflect transmit and receive activity Slot 04 LED not configurable on this module type 56 PowerHub media The following example sets the LED mode settings to ca on the installed Ethernet module 59 PowerHub media lm set 2 ca Slot 02 ca leds reflect collision and activity 60 PowerHub media 7 6 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Media Commands 7 4 Port Monitoring Port monitoring allows the use of a protocol analyzer such as a Sniffer LANalyzer or Net work Pharaoh connected to a PowerHub segment to monitor the traffic on any other segment or set of segments Rather than separately attaching the analyzer to each segment to be moni tored the analyzer can be attached to one segment then Port Monitoring
199. stats command is used to display and clear statistics on SNMP packets transmitted and received These statistics are a superset of the corresponding statistics provided in the SNMP table of MIB II Two copies of each SNMP statistics counter are maintained e Count since last clear e Count since last reset The syntax for this command is as follows stats show t stats clear t Displays statistics since the last reset clear Clears all SNMP statistics The following example shows the stats command used both with and without the t argument 82 PowerHub snmp stats o SNMP packet statistics count since last stats clear Packets Revd 96 Packets Sent 93 S Bad Version Rcvd 3 Bad Comm Name Rcvd 0 Bad Comm Uses Rcvd 0 ASN Parse Err Rcvd 0 3 Bad Type Rcvd 0 Too Big Revd 0 i No Such Name Rcvd 0 Bad Values Rcvd 0 Li Read Onlys Revd 0 Gen Errs Revd 0 L2 Total vars Req 417 Total vars Set 0 Get Req Rcvd 0 GetNext Req Rcvd 93 Set Req Revd 0 Get Resp Revd 0 Traps Rcvd 0 Too Big Sent 0 No Such Name Sent 0 Bad Values Sent 0 Read Onlys Sent 0 Gen Errs Sent 0 Get Req Sent 0 GetNext Req Sent 0 Set Req Sent 0 Get Resp Sent 93 Traps Sent 0 83 PowerHub snmp stats t SNMP packet statistics Total count since last system reset Packets Revd 96 Packets Sent 93 Bad Version Rcvd 3 Bad Comm Name Rcvd 0 Bad Comm Uses Rcvd 0 ASN Parse Err Rcvd 0 Too Big Revd 0 No Such Name Revd 0 Bad Values R
200. sting continues Port 21 empty Port 22 empty Port 23 empty Port 24 empty 18 PowerHub bridge PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 08 00 20 0f dd 99 08 D0 20 0t 60 26 08 00 20 0f dd 99 08 00 20 0f 6c 96 08 00 20 0e ae 03 08 00 20 10 56 53 00 00 6b 82 3f 34 08 00 20 0e ae 03 uU 2 Q o le o 3 3 D 2 D 10 9 Bridge Commands 10 6 Configuration The config command is used to display the bridge configuration parameters The syntax for this command is as follows config show lt params gt lt disprestrict gt where lt params gt Specifies the configuration parameters to display Specify an argument a comma separated list of arguments or a11 for all arguments Table 10 1 lists the arguments that can be specified The default is all lt disprestrict gt Specifies the segment or segment list to display the configuration information Table 10 1 Configuration Arguments Argument Description vars The aging time for entries in the bridge table This also shows if learning is enabled groups The currently defined network bridge groups templates All defined logical filtering templates refer to PowerHub 7000 8000 Filters Reference Manual rules All defined logical filtering rules refer to PowerHub 7000 8000 Filters Refer ence Manual filters The packet forwarding restrictions for all segments This includes the source and destination logical filterin
201. t Displays total statistic count since last system reset of the specified protocol or all if specified tcp tel net udp Specifies for which type of protocol to clear the statistics If all is specified statistics for all protocols are displayed or cleared The following example displays the statistics for all protocols TCP Telnet and UDP 144 PowerHub host stats Telnet Data Statistics count since last stats clear Pkts Rcvd From Net 2308 Pkts Sent To Net 17070 Bytes Rcvd From Net 2933 Bytes Sent To Net 45790 Bytes Rcvd From CLient 43303 Bytes Sent To Client 2556 Conn Opens Revd 9 Conn Rejects Sent 0 Conn Aborts Sent 0 Conn Aborts Rcvd 1 TCP Connection amp Pkt statistics count since last stats clear Active Opens 4 Passive Opens 9 Failed Conn Attempts 13 9 8 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Host Commands Resets In Estb State 0 Current Open Conns 4 Segments Received 6402 Segments Sent 7567 Rexmitted segments 0 Segments Revd With Err 1 Resets Sent 37 Short Segments Rcvd 0 UDP statistics count since last stats clear Datagrams received 738 Unknown destination ports received 11 Errors received 0 Datagrams discarded 0 Datagrams sent 746 145 PowerHub host SPUBWILUOD 1SOH PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 9 9 Host Commands 9 7 Status The status command is used to display active TCP and or UDP connections The syntax for this command is as
202. t and or ranges of segments If all is specified bridging is enabled or disabled on all available segments The following example displays the bridging status of all segments 4 PowerHub bridge br Port Bridging Status x Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled 0 100 FW DY Disabled Enabled Enabled Disabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Nu FWN EF O Enabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled NO MN N NY CO WN Disabled 10 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Bridge Commands Disabled Disabled Disabled wo 0 JO Disabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled NO fF WBN EF co Enabled gh Disabled 5 PowerHub bridge 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 51 2 2 2 2 4 1 The following example disables bridging on segments1 10 1 11 and 1 13 through 1 16 28 PowerHub bridge br pdis 1 10 1 11 1 13 1 16 29 PowerHub bridgef uU 2 Q o le o 3 3 D 2 D PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 10 5 Bridge Commands 10 4 Bridge Table The bt command is used to add delete display or clear bridge table entries The bridge table contains information about attached devices Entries in the bridge table are used to bridge packets Entries can be added to the table automatically or manually Each time the bridging engine receives a packet it checks the packet s source address against the MAC addresses listed in the
203. t 1 is then decreased to sixteen segments and the setting is then verified 57 PowerHub nvram slotsegs slotsegs 1 32 slotsegs 2 16 slotsegs 3 2 Slotsegs 4 6 slotsegs 5 not set slotsegs 6 not set slotsegs 7 not set slotsegs 8 not set slotsegs 9 not set slotsegs 10 not set slotsegs 11 not set slotsegs 12 not set slotsegs 13 not set slotsegs 14 not set slotsegs 15 not set slotsegs 16 not set slotsegs 17 not set slotsegs 18 not set slotsegs 19 not set slotsegs 20 not set Total segments reserved 56 8 6 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual NVRAM Commands 58 PowerHub nvram slotsegs 1 set 16 59 PowerHub nvramtt slotsegs 1 slotsegs 1 16 Total segments reserved 40 60 PowerHub nvram If an INIM has zero 0 slotsegs configured the software image for that INIM will not be loaded during the booting process and the INIM will appear to be dead or bad Setting a segment value for the INIM using the slotsegs lt n gt set lt segment count gt command and then rebooting loads the image PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Z lt zJ gt z le 3 3 D 5 2 0 NVRAM Commands 8 2 RIPv2 Authentication RIPv2 supports encrypted packet transmission using the MD5 algorithm to authenticate route and table updates The MD5 algorithm allows packets to be encrypted at a source PowerHub and decoded at a destination PowerHub
204. t 169 144 86 1 47 PowerHub nvram gwip gwip 169 144 86 1 48 PowerHub nvram 8 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual NVRAM Commands 8 1 6 Crash Reboot The crashreboot command is used to instruct the system to reboot automatically following a system crash The syntax of this command is as follows crashreboot show crashreboot set crashreboot unset where set When set the PowerHub automatically attempts a reboot following an unexpected system crash The default is set which causes a reboot to be attempted following a system crash Do no change this setting unless instructed to do so by FORE Systems TAC unset Clears the crash reboot behavior If this parameter is not set the system pauses at the Boot PROM prompt lt prompt 7PE gt and waits for manual intervention 52 PowerHub nvram crashreboot crashreboot not set 53 PowerHub nvram crashreboot set 54 PowerHub nvram crashreboot crashreboot set 55 PowerHub nvram Z lt mul gt O 3 3 D 5 2 0 8 1 7 Slot Segments The slotsegs command is used to allocate segments to specific slots Slot segments are set by default and there is no need to manually set them However since the larger chassis can be populated with NIMs totalling more segments that the recognized chassis maximum it may be necessary to manually unset segments that are not in use in order to ensure that all seg ments in use are allocated The maximum allowable seg
205. t address o o ooo 6 8 identification prom 6 8 memory 6 eee N 6 9 password 000 N 6 10 read configuration 6 11 rebots cian 2 eds ts ees 6 11 save configuration 6 12 system location 6 12 system name 6 000s 6 13 temperature 005 6 13 tty2 5 A aia ak ARR 6 14 uptime merci RR ERE 6 15 VOfSIOD Lust re AER eas 6 15 system files created files 3 4 Other files ees idea chews 3 4 SOftWwatre x s er edes 3 3 lypes ru M Re e e RES SA 3 1 Technical Assistance Center contacting 2 AEE EESE EIRAS iv Index 4 Telnet commands o o oo ooooooooo 14 1 A IS Mus 14 3 Open ccce tA EE aad 14 2 SAUS ciclos rt ace suse acetate 14 4 TFTP commands 13 6 SE eens Rete eS 13 7 putt asii debet dla 13 9 read configuration 13 12 save configuration 13 13 SOLVED 4 exile A E 13 6 TFTP considerations 13 3 file naming conventions 13 4 pathnames o oooocccccccccc 13 4 read write permissions 13 3 remote file names 13 5 Traps Enterprise Specific Traps 12 6 Standard Traps 12 4 U UCA O eoe ec uU RR de Rod A 1 user interface 0 ccc cece eee 4 1 entering editing o 4 3 runtime prompt 4 1 Power
206. t be configured to have the same encapsulation type as the type specified for the appropriate medium in the IPX translation bridging net work For example a client attached to an Ethernet segment must be configured to use the same Ethernet encapsulation type as the one defined for the corre sponding IPX translation bridging network However if encapsulation types on the server or client cannot be changed the encapsulation types of the client or server can be configured on the PowerHub uU a Q o le o 3 3 D 3 a o The following example displays the contents of the IPX bridging table 49 PowerHub bridge ibt IPX Translation Bridging Disabled IPX Network Ethernet Encap FDDI Encap 100 802 2 802 2 SNAP Total entries 1 50 PowerHub bridgef The following example adds IPX bridging network 200 with Ethernet Type II encapsulation and FDDI snap encapsulation 53 PowerHub bridgef ibt add 200 enet snap IPX network 200 added to the translation table 54 PowerHub bridgef PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 10 17 Bridge Commands 10 10Learning The learning learn command is used to enable or disable bridge learning on specified segments When bridge learning is enabled MAC addresses from received packets are recorded The learned MAC addresses are used to return packets to those destinations By default bridge learning is enabled when the system is loaded The syntax for this command is as follows learning le
207. t of segments The following example disables segment forwarding on segment 1 16 55 PowerHub media segment pdisable 1 16 Segment 1 16 disabled 56 PowerHub media 7 22 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Media Commands 7 10 Segment Names The segmentname name command can be used to change the default port names of ports in the PowerHub When the system first boots and assigns segments segment numbers are assigned from bottom to top and the segments are named starting with Port_1 The syntax for this command is as follows segmentname name sset lt name gt lt seglist gt segmentname name show lt seglist gt where sset Sets the segment name for the specified segment or segments lt name gt Specifies the name to use as a replacement for the default Port_x name This variable is not required when using the show argument The assigned name cannot exceed 23 characters or contain any spaces lt seglist gt Specifies the segment number of the segment to be renamed This variable must be a single segment number when renaming a segment This variable may be a dash separated range or a comma separated list when used with the show argument When the show argument is used and the lt seglist gt variable is not used all segments are displayed The following example renames segment 2 1 from Port_33 to Marketing indicating that this segment is connected to the Marketing department 49 PowerHub med
208. tain examples of each sharing method B 10 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Netboot Options B 3 6 1 MAC Address Method Here is an example of a TFTP server directory and file structure used to implement the MAC address sharing method fore ph images 1924 6 4 0 7pe 7 2 6 4 1 7pe EX 7pe configs bootdef 7 2 6 bootdef 7 2 6 bootdef FT_5 0 014A00 cfg 015ADO cfg O15AE0 cfg O15AFO cfg 016ADO cfg 4 0 4 1 z o 2 o o o 2 O 5 o This example shows TFTP subdirectories but the files could just as easily be stored in the TFTP home directory As shown in this example the configs subdirectory contains a single boot definition and configuration files for multiple system software versions but separate configuration files for each PowerHub using this TFTP server Each configuration file is named after the last six hexadecimal digits of the MAC layer hardware address of the respec tive PowerHub Recall that the boot definition file contains the name of the configuration and system software image files to be loaded The BOOTP server tells the PowerHub which boot definition file to use The boot definition macros are expanded to form the unique name of the configuration file for that PowerHub To name configuration files according to the MAC address sharing method use the following procedure for each PowerHub using the server For each configuration file copy the file onto the server lt MAC
209. tation For reference the tables in the following sections summarize the netbooting process for each method of netbooting It is not necessary to know the netbooting phases in detail to implement netbooting but these tables can help troubleshoot problems in netbooting implementation B 2 1 Point to Point The following table summarizes the netbooting process used when the PowerHub and BOOTP server are on the same subnet B 2 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Netboot Options Table B 1 Point to Point Netbooting Phase Process BOOTP BOOTP broadcast packet sent out each Ethernet segment The BOOTP packet contains the MAC address but no other address information Server receives broadcast packet and sends BOOTP reply packet provided the MAC address is in the bootptab file or equivalent on the BOOTP server Reply packet contains server s IP address IP address IP subnet mask and name of boot definition file BOOTP response received and information stored from server in memory During the boot process each Ethernet segment is configured as an IP interface by default This segment configuration has no relation to the configuration of the segments during run time operation BOOTDEF TFTP used to transfer boot definition file from server Boot definition file parsed While parsing boot definition file names of image files and configuration file are obtained and stored in memory IMAGE TF
210. tatistics ti is 10 23 Status ds 10 24 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual bridge table and cache 1 8 C collisions ix ne NEWEST 7 16 comamnd syntax Die x commands media operating mode 7 17 D DECnetrouting sees 1 10 E Ethernet modules 1 3 7 16 F Fast Ethernet modules 1 4 7 16 FDDI commands 11 1 concentrator o ooooomoom oo 11 2 dual attach concentrator 11 3 MIB variables 11 8 nonvolatile RAM 11 3 reset count oo ooooooooomo o 11 7 statistics oooooooooooooo 11 10 target token rotation time 11 5 time transmission variable 11 6 FDDI modules o o oooooooooo 1 3 ForeView cece cence ences 1 12 full duplex mode 7 16 7 17 Index 1 Index G global commands o o o ooocccccccco 5 1 accessIDge cse tet eh A aet 5l alias cr neret eeu ELEM 5 1 checksum exi eee 5 2 COPY LN e 5 3 default device o oooooooooo 5 4 A 5 4 format os a M ULL e a oh on 5 5 help see a aa 5 6 history iicet d tex mE ES 5 7 history characters 5 7 logout ov xcecs LES 5 8 port number mode 5 9 read environment 5 10 TEMOVE sie he Se ea nenexGherdg x 5 11 ren me ense e Recon 5 11 return code prompt 5 9 save environment
211. the default octet mode to download software image files ex 7f 7PE ppu 7PE and so on Use the net ASCII mode to download configuration files environment files and other text files spuewwod didi lt local file gt Specifies the local file name If a local device is not specified the file is written E to the default device To specify a device preface the file name with m Flash Memory Module PowerHub 7000 or d Floppy Diskette On the PowerHub 8000 no device is required If the system was booted over the network the m is the default device PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 13 9 TFTP Commands lt remote file gt Specifies the name of the file as it is to appear on the server Specify the name that is meaningful to the TFIP program on the server For example if the name with the path of the server contains a subdirectory called transfer and this directory is specified as the TFTP home directory do not specify transfer as part of the file name The following procedure shows the steps required to upload the default configuration file cfg to the configured TFTP server from the PowerHub 1 Openanoutbound Telnet session with the remote TFTP host 29PowerHub tftp telnet open 169 144 86 49 Trying 169 144 86 49 Connected to 169 144 86 49 Escape character is Y SunOS UNIX fabrique login username Password Last login Mon Mar 2 07 57 39 from username SunOS Release 4 1 4
212. the new password to be assigned to this management level If no password is to be set press Enter 3 A prompt is then presented to re enter the password Re enter new pass word previously entered 4 Re enter the password that was entered at the New password prompt press Enter This prompt is not displayed if the Lock Switch E is in the unlocked position U or the Lock Switch jumper is set to Unlock Instead the New password prompt is displayed 5 The message Password changed is displayed to confirm that the password was changed The following example changes the password for the monitor access level 11 PowerHub system passwd monitor New Password FERRERA Re enter new password XXXXX X Password changed 12 PowerHub system For security reasons the input shown above with asterisks does not appear when entered in response to the prompts Passwords are limited to 13 characters in length Remember that passwords are not required if the Lock Switch is in the unlocked U position If the password is forgotten turn the Lock Switch off log in and enter a new password then turn the Lock Switch on again 6 10 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 6 1 12 Read Configuration System Commands The readcfg rdcfg command is used to load a configuration file Even if the system finds and loads a configuration file when the software is booted additional configuration files can be loaded during a session u
213. the ssd command is issued If automatic segment state detection is disabled E on a segment the segment s state is always reported as good and interface states are always reported as up For information about the state of a segment or interface enable automatic segment state detection on that segment The method used to determine whether a segment is down differs depending upon the type of segment Table 7 2 lists the methods used to determine the state of each type of segment 7 24 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Media Commands Table 7 2 Segment State Detection Methods ponent Segment is Determined To Be Down If Type 10Base FB No link test pulses are present on this segment 10Base FL No link test pulses are present on this segment 100Base FX No data or idle symbols are being received on this segment 100Base TX No data or idle symbols are being received on this segment ATM The ELAN goes down or the physical link to the AMA goes down AUI No packets are received and a loss of carrier is detected T times over a 1 sec ond period where T is specified by the lt threshold gt argument on the ssdthreshhold command Note that the PowerHub does not send test pack ets but relies on client and network management traffic to detect carrier loss The state is changed to up if at least one packet is received When automatic segment state detection is first en
214. ting mode of the traffic LEDs C X and A R on all types of Ethernet modules except the Universal Ethernet Module UEM LEDs are set as a group for the entire module not on a segment by segment basis The operat ing mode information displayed by the LEDs on installed Ethernet modules can be set to reflect either transmission collision and activity or transmit and receive activity Set the LEDs to C and A transmission collision and activity or to X and R packet transmit receive The LNK LED cannot be configured and always shows link status information for the corresponding segment For a description of the information indicated by each setting refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Hardware Reference Manual The default xr configuration should be used except in networks that experience a large number of collisions Note that collisions do not occur on segments that are configured for full duplex operation see Section 7 6 for details on the operating mode om command The LEDs on the UEM always indicate receive E transmit and collision separately The syntax for this command is ledmode lm show lt slot gt ledmode 1m set slot ca xr SPUBWILUOD eIpa A where set Set the LEDs on the specified slot to either c a or x x The slot specified must be a slot containing an Ethernet module lt slot gt Specify which slot to set the specified configuration or which slot to display the current configuration If no slot is
215. tion file is a simple way to name the file How ever if more than one is being configured for network booting do one of the following e Create a unique boot definition file for each PowerHub If this method is chosen use the nvram set netbdfile command to set the boot definition file in NVRAM of each PowerHub Otherwise each PowerHub attempts to use the default boot definition file name boot def e Usea single boot definition file but use boot definition macro commands in place of the configuration file name A boot definition macro command is a 2 character sequence consisting of a followed by a letter The macro commands are expanded by the PowerHub Packet Engine Boot PROM when the boot definition file is read Table B 4 lists the boot definition macro commands Table B 4 Boot Definition Macro Commands z o 2 o o o O kei d 5 o Macro Process Command SE ASCII representation of the MAC layer hardware address for exam ple 0000EF014A00 E always expands to 12 characters e ASCII representation of the three least significant octets of the MAC layer hardware address for example 014A00 e always expands to 6 characters SD Directory part of the path name of the boot definition file SB Base name of the boot definition file the directory part of the path name and anything following the rightmost dot of the file name are removed Expands to a single
216. to TechPubs 6 12 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual System Commands 19 PowerHub system syslocn Current system location is Undefined 20 PowerHub system syslocn set TechPubs System location set to TechPubs 21 PowerHub system 6 1 16 System Name The sysname command can be used to change the displayed PowerHubsystem command prompt The default system name is PowerHub The syntax for this command is sysname set lt sysname gt sysname show lt sysname gt where set Sets the name specified lt sysname gt Specifies a name to be assigned to this PowerHub Any alphanumeric string up to 24 characters in length can be specified The name cannot contain spaces If a name is not specified the current system name is displayed The following example shows how to display the current system name and to change the name variable The new system name is defined as PHswitch o lt a 3 e o 3 3 D 2 D 22 PowerHub system sysname Current system name is PowerHub 23 PowerHub system sysname set PHswitch System name set to PHswitch 24 PHswitch system 6 1 17 Temperature The temperature temp command is used to read the temperature sensor on board each module Each module type contains an on board temperature sensor that reads the tempera ture of the module with an accuracy of plus or minus 0 5 C The syntax of this command is temperature temp show slot number gt all where
217. to a device whose auto negotiating function has been turned off In this case the 10 100 defaults to half duplex To over ride this default you must turn off the auto negotiation and manually set the speed and mode to coin cide with that of the connecting device 7 16 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Media Commands The alternative to full duplex mode is half duplex mode In half duplex mode the FEMA can transmit and receive but not simultaneously At any given moment the FEMA is either trans mitting or receiving or is inactive The maximum bandwidth available on a Fast Ethernet segment operating in half duplex is 100 Mb s Thus a maximum of 100Mb s can be used to either send or receive The operating mode for one or more FEMAs can be changed by using the media operat ing mode command Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual for more information on setting the operating mode CAUTION Note that if you are connecting to a device that either does not support auto negotiation or whose auto negotiating function has been turned off you must configure mode and speed manually Inconsistent mode settings on connecting devices may result in data corruption 7 6 2 Auto negotiation Auto negotiation enables the 10 100 FEMA to operate at either 10Mb s or 100Mb s by detect ing the operating speed of the device at the other end of the connection With auto negotiation it is not necessary to manually conf
218. ts packets from all segments anypacket from internal protocol stacks This is the default option and the same as the internal option to lt monitor spec gt Specifies which segments are to be monitored Packets leaving through segments identified by this variable are copied to the monitoring segment The lt monitor spec gt can be one of the following options internalpacket to internal protocol stacks lt seglist gt packets to the specified segments packets to all segments anypacket from internal protocol stacks This is the default option and the same as the internal option 7 14 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Media Commands lt seglist gt Indicates the segments to which the monitored traffic is to be sent For most applications of Port Monitoring this segment list contains just one segment clear Clears all port monitoring parameters previously set Packets destined for internal protocol stacks E cannot be differentiated from other incoming packets To exclude packets destined for internal protocol stacks use the option in the to lt monitor spec gt field and filter by MAC address with external monitoring equipment SPUeuwuIoo eIpa A PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 7 15 Media Commands 7 6 Operating Mode The operating mode om command is used to set the operating mode of installed Ethernet or Fast Ethernet modules or media adapters For general
219. ual Forwarding status of segments 2 1 enabled UTP port receiver enable disable status Slot 4 Slot 2 Slot 1 Segment 2 1 enabled currently good Segment names Ze BOort 33 Port level statistics collection currently disabled Inter Segment Statistics collection is disabled 49 PowerHub media PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Media Commands SPULWILUOD eIpa A Media Commands 7 2 Inter Segment Statistics If statistic collection is enabled the isstats show command can be used to display clear enable or disable the statistics collection for packets between segments on installed Power Hub NIMs The syntax of this command is as follows isstats show lt params gt lt disp restrictors gt isstats clear enable disable where lt params gt Specifies a comma separated list of packets p or octets o lt disp restrictors gt Specifies an optional list of segments from which to collect statistics Specify a fr om lt seglist gt and to lt seglist gt list of segments The following example displays the inter segment statistics for packets sent from segment 1 1 to segment 2 1 52 PowerHub media isstats p fr 1 1 to 2 1 Segment to segment statistics collection is disabled FROM TO gt 2 1 1 1 pkts 0 53 PowerHub media 7 4 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Media Commands 7 3 Ethernet LED Modes The ledmode command is used to configure or display the opera
220. umber both the Ethernet and FDDI encapsulation types to be to used on that network can be specified Table 10 2 lists the combi nations of encapsulation types that can be specified Table 10 2 IPX Translation Bridging Encapsulations ENET 802 2 802 3 SNAP FDDI Ethernet 10 16 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Bridge Commands Table 10 2 IPX Translation Bridging Encapsulations ENET 802 2 802 3 SNAP The FDDI raw encapsulation is 802 3 like and is listed as 802 3 in table and command descriptions However this encapsulation is not identical to the 802 3 format on Ethernet since it does not include an explicit length field Refer to the PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Refer ence Manual for the format of each type of encapsulation For further information about IPX bridging over FDDI and packet encapsulation information see PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual 10 9 2 Configuration Requirements Although IPX translation bridging is easy to configure the following conditions must be met e The servers attached to the segments in an IPX translation bridging network must be configured to have the same network number as the IPX translation bridg ing network number If a server s network number cannot be changed to corre spond to the IPX translation bridging network change the defined network number to match the server e Servers and clients mus
221. up before saving the configuration file The syntax for this command is as follows uU 2 Q o le o 3 3 D 2 D group pset lt groupname gt lt seglist gt group punset lt groupname gt where lt groupname gt Specifies the name of the network group Specify any alphanumeric string up to 15 characters in length lt seglist gt Specifies the segment s that belongs to the network group Specify a single segment a comma separated list of segments or a hyphen separated range of segments If a11 is specified all segments are added to the network group PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 10 13 Bridge Commands To create a new default group specify all or E list all the segments as the lt seglist gt If a lt seglist gt is specified instead of all and the lt seglist gt does not include all the segments a network group called old_default is created This default group is stored in the configuration file when saved The following example creates a bridge group called pubs using segments 2 1 through 2 6 57 PowerHub bridge group pset pubs 2 1 2 6 Group pubs with ports 2 1 2 6 added 58 PowerHub bridgef 10 14 PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual Bridge Commands 10 9 IPX Bridge Translation The ipx br translation ibt command is used to configure one or more IPX networks that span across FDDI and Ethernet segments using different packet encapsulations Without altering the c
222. vlan on segment 2 1 ip it add 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 add an ip interface ip enable enable ip forwarding The following shows some commands in subsystem bridge bridge br penable 2 1 port enable bridging on seg 2 1 bridge br pdisable 2 2 port disable bridging on seg 2 2 bridge st enable enable spanning tree bridge st disable enable spanning tree In summary there may be enable disable and their derives such as penable pdisable senable sdisable and etc to set a particular feature on and off Use help cnps enable and help cnps disable in each subsystem to see what can be set on off 238 PowerHub system 4 3 1 Syntax Help Syntax help is provided when an incomplete or incorrect command is entered Entering a command that requires additional options or arguments without providing these options or arguments or entering them incorrectly will prompt a usage statement indicating the correct parameter syntax For example entering idprom idp at the system command prompt dis plays the following usage statement 3 PowerHub system idp usage idprom idp show slot number all 4 PowerHub system Detailed help on a command can be provided by entering help and the specific com mand The example below shows a sample display produced by this command 240 PowerHub system readcfg readcfg rdcfg v lt file or device name gt v verbose print each command as it is executed Reads the configu
223. vx pset lt time gt default lt portlist gt where lt time gt default Specifies the new value for the hardware timer The Wo time entered must be followed by a u to indicate D microseconds or an m to represent milliseconds If adjusting the TVX timer specify from 2621 5200 microseconds 2 6 to 5 2 milliseconds A number expressed up to three decimal places may be specified Numbers with more than three decimal places are truncated after the third decimal The default is 2621 2 00 milliseconds lt portlist gt Specifies the FDDI segmen t s for which to adjust a hardware timer The examples below illustrate the use of the tvx command 47 PowerHub fddi tvx pset 4700u 3 1 Segment 3 1 tvx set to 4 00 milliseconds 48 PowerHub fddit tvx pset 4m 3 1 Segment 3 1 tvx set to 4 00 milliseconds 49 PowerHub fddif tvx pset default 3 1 Segment 3 1 tvx set to 2 00 milliseconds 50 PowerHub fddif 11 6 PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI 11 7 Reset Count The resetct src command is used to display the fddi reset count for all fddi port s The syntax for this command is as follows show resetct src The following example displays the FDDI reset counter 160 PowerHub fddi resetct FDDI Reset Count PORT 49 0 161 PowerHub fddi 7 8 E Sa o amp as e U S E o PowerHub 7000 8000 Protocols Reference Manual 11 7 Fiber Dist
224. way does not have a boot helper service configure the following values in NVRAM e Client switch IP address e Client switch subnet mask e Gateway IP address if on different subnets e TFTP server IP address e Name of the boot definition file PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual B 7 Netboot Options B 3 4 Client PowerHub To configure the PowerHub for netbooting e Specify the boot order in NVRAM Do this regardless of the type of netbooting implemented e If needed configure boot parameters in NVRAM See the previous section A boot definition file contains instructions for loading the system software and configuration files used by the PowerHub when it boots This section describes the boot definition file and boot definition macros then explains how to edit and copy boot definition and configuration files onto a TFIP server The TFTP server must contain at least one boot definition file Edit and install a separate boot definition file for each PowerHub or share a single boot definition file among multiple Power Hubs The installed PowerHub software contains a boot definition file called bootdef This bootdef file supports booting from the Flash Memory Module or Compact Flash Card It can be copied and modified for netbooting Following is an example of the bootdef file shipped with the PowerHub 70001 vstart 1 7pe2 m vend 1 To prepare a bootdef file for netbooting copy the file shipped with the Powe
225. wing example 243 PowerHub ip interface add eurT pueuiulo2 it interface add vlanid lt ipaddr gt lt prefixlen gt lt mask gt ift ype b c n bma p top lt nbr_addr gt Add an IP interface to the given vlan If mask is not specified then natural subnet mask class A B or C address mask for the IP address is used Interface type can be one of broadcast nbma and ptop Neighbor address must be specified only for ptop type If interface type is not specified broadcast is assumed by default 244 PowerHub ipf 4 3 2 Help Set Entering help set at any subsystem prompt displays those commands along with global commands available in the present subsystem that use the command verb set as part of the command syntax Use of this help option can save the user time in searching for the particular set command to perform a particular function PowerHub 7000 8000 Software Reference Manual 4 9 Command Line Interface 245 PowerHub system set Help available for pnm set multilold pnm show default deviceldd set lt device gt baud set ttyl tty2 1200 2300 4800 9600 19200 baud show date set YYMMDD hhmm ss date show syslocn set lt location gt syslocn show lt location gt sysname set lt location gt sysname show lt location gt You may obtain more detailed help by giving additional parameters 246 PowerHub system 4 3 3 Help Show Like the help set option discussed in the p

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