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User Manual - EndRun Technologies

1. 65 67 Chapter Eight IPv6 Capabilities 67 OpenSSH 67 ADU MUP Ad A 7 NTP 68 giana 00 apter Nine Console Port Control and Status 69 Console Poris cou sores dot ack uo diuo 09 General Linux Operation 09 Available User Commands 70 Detailed Command Descriptions 73 73
2. 41 E E 42 Restrict Access Telnet SSH 42 Restrict Access HTTBS oie dated RO E 43 Restrict Query Access NTP 43 Disable Protocols 4 skies Medan Med cds 44 Disable Telnet Time and Daytime 44 Disable SNMP SSH and HTTPS 45 Re Enable SNMP SSH and HTTPS 45 isthe Protocol Disabled sae i ea a a a DG E 45 OpenSSH 46 Configure Keys eee RU R ae 46 PUES ace E 47 Configure Certificate and Key 4 48 Network Security Vulnerabilities 48 Sonoma User Manual Chapter Six Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP 49 SNMPv3 Security inne aceon tet bo hae TELE RE 49 Enterprise Management Information Base MIB 50 Invocation of the SNMP daemon
3. 29 Configure NTP Client for Multicast 30 Test Broadcast Multicast m aur ey ree S RET See 30 Sonoma User Manual Chapter Four Precision Time Protocol IEEE 1588 33 MD E ETT ERE TE TEETH 33 About eise 33 Two Gigabit Ports a coa Pare bebe b tb te Anarene B pbi dada pes 34 PTP Configuration and 34 PTP Configuration Using the Network Serial Port 34 Status Using the Network Serial Port 36 PUP Operation hal i ihe hd 37 About the PTP Second and 39 dA m 39 39 26 39 Disable the PTP 0 0 40 To disable the Precision Time Protocol on Port 0 issue the following command 40 ls the Protocol 12 22 2 40 40 Chapter Five Security 41 Linux Operating System
4. accessconfig TD RN ER atts me Ua ee Dut ee Ra Optional 79 Male cbe ste Lc Ce CA ee nee te cpuio Optional qustat get_sw_opts gpsdynmode gpslastfix gpsr
5. te alent 62 Faults System Faults Page 62 Faults Fault Mask Page or eth nh Wb ea 62 Neiwork IPy4 Page 1 72 ore eb aaa ld dna aes nave da ala M Ege 63 Network IPv6 Page de Le ede ie sere Sica Gs uel oe ie seek Sadao Se AS 63 Network DNS Page Sittin eG Reka cd eve le be ee ais OUS Be 63 Network MAC Address Page eee 43 nnn 63 NIP Page 63 NTP NTPDocumentdion 64 PTP Status and Configuration 64 Firmware Firmware Status 64 Firmware Linux RFS Upgrade Page 65 Sonoma User Manual 65 65 Firmwares Reboot Page ses Sta Jee cede a Sa cd Rais Gao A awe erates 65 Firmware Linux Kernel Upgrade Firmware GPS Subsystem Upgrade Page Disable or Restrict Access
6. 50 Quick Start Configuration 5 1 2 50 Change Default Community Strings Passwords 5 Configuring SNMPvI Trap Generation 5 Configuring SNMPv2c Notifications and Informs 51 Configuration of SNMPNS 52 Disable or Restrict Access 53 Chapter Seven Hyper Text Transport Protocol Secure HTTPS 55 HTTPS Interface Description 56 Navigation E Re Pee Sede 57 Page Descriptions 58 Home Overall Status Page 58 User Manual lt saa aout eR e eh ane dn 59 Logout ez eg RE EUR ERU RES EU e FI Cae ek 58 Plots aid igi tiene Hoe 59 Receiver Receiver Page 60 Receiver Oscillator Page so seis c eek nre Gees ea yen 61 Clock Page oso o se E 62 te aceite
7. eee eee eee 96 DI 96 NMEA Fomai 98 Power Supply Options 101 DC Power Input npn RR RR UE E A O el 101 Connecting the DC Power scies T acer 101 Dual Redundant Power Supplies 101 Masking Dual Power Supply Fault Alarms 102 Appendix Time Figure of Merit 103 Sonoma User Manual Appendix Upgrading the Firmware 105 Upgrade via the HTTPS Interface 105 Upgrade via the Console Port 107 Performing the Linux Subsystem RFS Upgrade 107 Transfer File fo Sonoma ss e emm 107 Recovering from a Failed RFS Upgrade 108 Performing the Linux Subsystem Kernel Upgrade 109 Transfer File to Sonoma 22524 595 109 Recovering from a Failed Kernel Upgrade 110 Performing the GPS Subsystem 111 Problems with the G
8. um E re T GDS NOME 52 E hee as 8 c MEI dS LOC setsigfltmask MN TIER EMEND RT TELE DENT D LE ee OM 09 OO cute systemioconfig Optional 09 kare araen systimemodeconfig eaten Na 9 PES CEN eh updaterootflag oed ta toe oO updatekernelflag 06 upgradekernel 00 upgraderootfs oo a vg dele dmn OE CO e ono v delta es aio s DD sU erem Ner Of ie hens al uate an deh Bf Sonoma User Manual e 44444 4 4 Sonware eee s 89 89 Get SW OPIS cs ose rre kde hh HAE SELENE SSS ERR e 89 Softwar
9. a Pepe mate 126 About Coax Cable 126 Long Rins 3 9 epe Deed ee oes yen dea Se aera eee 127 Sonoma User Manual Recommended Cable wed Pikes ES UR EN E UE Ee 127 Using GPS 7 127 Using Three Preamplifiers cs eR Inm re RR 128 Other Accessories 128 Lightning Arrest r Sa ER are ee Mei ERR RR RS RI E 128 Signal SpliHers z tg Dene oc 128 Mounting Inside A Window 129 Obtaining A Reference 5 129 Using a Handheld GPS Receiver 130 Using the Internet ee he REX ERU ph e RR 130 Using duos tatto et Y rh mre Fm ort eH au e eerta s redis 130 About WGS 84 130 Appendix F Leap Seconds 135 Automatic Leap Second Insertion 135 Background Information 135 Appendix 6 System Faults
10. gt OK get_sw_opts See Chapter 10 Options Software Options for information on this command gpsdynmode This command displays the current GPS Subsystem dynamic mode of operation It has two possible settings ON or OFF When it is ON it is assumed that the Sonoma is installed on a moving plat form When it is OFF it is assumed that the Sonoma is installed in a stationary location When the dynamic mode is OFF the Sonoma will use its accurate reference position to implement Timing Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring TRAIM for the utmost in reliability during any GPS system faults In addition single satellite operation is possible once an initial accurate position has been determined When the dynamic mode is ON only a very minimal TRAIM algorithm is in effect because the ac curate reference position is not static In addition a minimum of four satellites must be visible and only 3 D position fixes are used When the dynamic mode is ON the source reported for the accurate reference position by gpsrefpos is set to DYN 74 Sonoma User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS Command gpsdynmode Sonoma reply OFF gpslastfix This command provides the last computed GPS position When tracking four or more satellites the GPS Receiver provides a 3D position fix When only three satellites are in view this will drop to a 2D position fix The last fix position is unaveraged and typically less accurate than the reference
11. 137 Oveni Woa 137 Masking 137 System Fault Definitions 137 Appendix Specifications 139 Special Modifications Changes for Customer Requirements 147 Sonoma User Manual EndRun C TECHNOLOGIES Chapter One Introduction This chapter introduces the GPS Synchronized Sonoma Network Time Server and gives a brief over view of what it is and how it works What It Is The Sonoma Network Time Server is a precision server of Universal Coordinated Time UTC that can be connected via an Ethernet port to any TCP IP network Available timing protocols include Network Time Protocol NTP Simple Network Time Protocol SNTP Time Daytime and the optional Precision Time Protocol PTP IEEE 1588 In its most basic operation the Sonoma sends NTP reply packets in response to NTP request packets which it has received from clients The timestamps it sends in its NTP reply packets are accurate to 10 microseconds typical For an introductory paper on NTP see http www endruntechnologies com pdf NTP Intro pdf Time Synchronization Components The Sonoma is composed of a Global Positioning System GPS Subsystem containing a GPS Re ceiver and system oscillator The GPS Subsystem is integrated with a fanless convection
12. A warning dialog page will be presented for the certificate Acknowledge the dialog page and the server will continue to load protected by SSL The browser should change from http to https indi cating that the page is protected by SSL To maximize security you should replace the SSL Certifi cate See Chapter 5 Security HTTPS for details Below is a picture of the login page EndRun Smarter Timing Solutions TECHNOLOGIES Home Plots Receiver Clock 1 0 Faults Network NTP PTP Firmware Sonoma Network Time Server GPS Synchronized Overall Status User Manual Login first Logout Username m Password 50 Sonoma User Manual HTTPS INTERFACE Navigation The main menu tabs across the top of each webpage allow you to navigate through the status infor mation in the Sonoma while links on the left side of each webpage provide subcategory navigation For example in the page below the main menu tabs are Home Receiver Plots Clock I O Faults Network NTP PTP and Firmware The subcategory links on this particular page are IPv4 IPv6 DNS and MAC Address IPv4 is selected The tabs across the top and the left side links are logically arranged for easy navigation EndRun Smarter Timing Solutions TECHNOLOGIES Home Plots Receiver Clock Uo Faults Network NTP PTP Firmware Sonoma Network Time Server GPS Synchronized 4 NETWORK STATUS 4 D
13. Bits Leap seconds occur every 2 3 years Possible indicator values are 00 Normal locked operation 01 Leap second insertion event will occur at UTC midnight 10 Leap second deletion event will occur at UTC midnight 11 Fault Unsynchronized state I O Statistics Time Since Reset These fields show statistics accumulated since the last reboot of the system Packets Sent Received Packets Sent Rate Packets Dropped PTP Status and Configuration Pages The fields on these pages show the status and the configuration for the optional PTP IEEE 1588 pro tocol If your Sonoma does not have PTP enabled then there will be no fields shown For more infor mation on PTP and an explanation of the data fields on this page see Chapter 4 PTP IEEE 1588 Firmware Firmware Status Page The firmware status page shows part numbers and revisions for Sonoma firmware Firmware Status Linux RFS PN These fields show the Linux Root File System part number version amp date Linux RFS Version Linux Kernel PN These fields show the Linux Kernel part number version amp date Linux Kernel Version GPS Subsystem This field shows the GPS Subsystem firmware version Firmware ao Sonoma User Manual Disable or Restrict Access HTTPS INTERFACE GPS Subsystem This field shows the GPS Subsystem Field Programmable Gate Array FPGA FPGA version Firmware Linux RFS Upgrade Page This page is used for upgrading the Linux RFS firmware You mus
14. Restrict Access HTTPS To control access via HTTPS you must edit the etc httpd httpd conf file and add the equivalent deny followed by allow directives For example the default file contains these lines lt Directory gt AllowOverride none Require all denied lt Directory gt To restrict access and allow a specific host with IP address xxx xxx xxx xxx you would modify the directives as so lt Directory gt Require host xxx Xxx XXX XXX lt Directory gt After making your changes you must copy the edited file to the non volatile FLASH area cp p etc httpd httpd conf boot etc httpd Restrict Query Access NTP The Network Time Protocol NTP implementation in the Sonoma is built from the reference distri bution from http www ntp org By factory default remote control and query of the NTP daemon ntpd is disabled Query only op eration is supported only from processes running on the Sonoma itself i e from the localhost This restricts access to ntpd from remote hosts using either of the two NTP companion utilities ntpq and ntpdc 43 Sonoma User Manual Disable Protocols CHAPTER FIVE Control via these two utilities is disabled in the etc ntp conf file in two ways First MDS authentica tion keys are not defined for control operation via a requestkey or controlkey declaration Second this default address restriction line is present in the file restrict default nomodify noquery nopeer restrict 127
15. HF HF HF You will now be prompted for the necessary set up parameters kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk PTP Sync Interval Configuration Set the PTP Sync Interval in packets per second 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 1 PTP announce interval Configuration Set the PTP Announce Interval in seconds 1 2 4 8 16 16 PTP Priority1 Configuration Set the Priorityl value 0 255 12 PTP Priority2 Configuration Set the Priority2 value 0 255 12 PTP Delay Mechanism E2E or P2P Set the PTP Delay Mechanism E2E or P2P P2P PTP Domain Configuration Set the PTP Domain value 0 255 0 PTP Time Mode Configuration Set the PTP Time Mode UTC or PTP PTP PTP TTL Configuration Set the PTP TTL value 1 255 1 35 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER FOUR kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk The Precision Time Protocol IEEE 1588 V2 configuration has been updated Please re boot now for the changes to take effect kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
16. It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many peo ple have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in 120 Sonoma User Manual THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE reliance on consistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License 8 If the distribution and or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License 9 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to addr
17. Step 3 Press non backed side onto flat surface of antenna approximately as shown in Figure 1 FIGURE 1 GPS ANTENNA MOUNTED WITH DOUBLE SIDED gt CABLE TIE HOLDER MOUNTED WITH DOUBLE SIDED TAPE __ gt FIGURE 2 Step 4 Remove backing from tape and position antenna in front of mount ing location Firmly press antenna seating exposed tape against dust free window surface Step 5 Re connect cable to antenna Route cable to prevent kinking avoiding sharp bends and providing adequae strain relief Figures 2 and 3 illustrate possible installation methods using materials supplied with this kit To mount cable tie holder on window remove self adhesive and backing exposing nylon surface of holder Use 1 length of double sided tape to attach holder to window or aluminum frame as shown in Figure 3 Use of the double sided tape provides a sun heatesistant remov able mounting method To mount holder on rough frame or wall surface use the self adhesive as is by simply removing the backing CABLE TIE _ GPS ANTENNA MOUNTED WITH DOUBLE SIDED TAPE FIGURE 3 FIGURE 3 GPS ANTENNA WINDOW MOUNTING GUIDELINES 133 Sonoma User Manual APPENDIX E 134 Sonoma User Manual EndRun C VAN TECHNOLOGIES Automatic Leap Second Insertion Background Information Appendix Leap Seconds UTC stands for Universal Coordinated Time UTC is
18. When logged in as ntpuser you may check status information and view log files but you will not be able to modify any system settings or view secure files For security reasons we recommend you change the default passwords using the Linux passwd com mand see Change Password below Detailed Information Is Available A very brief description of the most helpful Linux commands and utilities is listed in this appendix On Linux systems the system commands are located in the directories with bin in their name e g usr bin or sbin You can list the contents of those directories using the 1s command to see what 15 installed on your Sonoma Then you can find out about those commands using the man command which stands for manual For example to read details on the ps command type this man ps A very detailed description called a man page of the ps command will be shown To navigate in the document press d to scroll down b to scroll up and q to quit and return to the command prompt To search the database of man pages use either apropos or whatis apropos will do partial word searches while whatis will only find matching whole words For example to find all man pages dealing with ntp 113 Sonoma User Manval APPENDIX apropos ntp The relevant available man pages are shown ntp 1 keygen Create a NTP host key ntpd 1 NTP daemon program ntpdc 1 vendor specific NTP query progr
19. s source code as you receive it in any medium provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee 2 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it thus forming a work based on the Program and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above provided that you also meet all of these conditions 118 Sonoma User Manual THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE a You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change b You must cause any work that you distribute or publish that in whole or in part contains or is de rived from the Program or any part thereof to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License c If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run you must cause it when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way to print or display an announce ment including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty or e
20. Interactive utility is started setpwrfltmask Optional See Chapter 10 Options Masking Dual Power Supply Fault Alarms for information on this com mand setsigfltmask This command allows you to enable or mask the Signal Loss Fault Parameter for this command is either MASKED or ENABLED Setting this command to MASKED will prevent a signal loss fault from creating an alarm condition Some installations may need to mask this fault when operating the NTP server as a Stratum 2 server The factory default setting is ENABLED Command setsigfltmask MASKED Sonoma reply Signal Loss Fault Mask set to MASKED 82 Sonoma User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS sigfltmask This command displays the current setting for the Signal Loss Fault Mask Command sigfltmask Sonoma reply Signal Loss Fault is ENABLED subsysreset This command performs a GPS Subsystem reset which is similar to cycling the power on the GPS Subsystem After about 10 seconds the boot messages from the GPS Subsystem will be displayed Command subsysreset Sonoma reply Bootloader 6010 0070 000 v 1 00 Dec 27 2012 14 48 55 FW 6010 0071 000 v 1 00 Mar 12 2013 16 08 46 FPGA 6020 0012 000 v 01 syskernel This command returns the currently booted linux kernel either 0 or 1 where 0 is the factory installed kernel and 1 is the upgraded kernel Command syskernel Sonoma reply BOOTED KERNEL IMAGE 1 Upgrade sysosctype This command displays the installed syste
21. NTP server can take over the clock setting of the broadcast multicast clients on the network Unix like Platforms Basic NTP Client Setup Basic setup is relatively simple if You have been able to successfully communicate with the Sonoma on your network You have installed NTP on your client computer Configure NTP You must edit the ntp conf file which ntpd the NTP daemon looks for by default in the the etc directory Add this line to the ntp conf file server 192 168 1 120 This line tells ntpd to use the NTP server at address 192 168 1 120 in addition to any other servers which might also be configured in the client s ntp conf file Restart ntpd to have it begin using the Sonoma server Use the NTP utility ntpq to check that is able to communicate with the Sonoma After issuing the command ntpq you will see command prompt 21 Sonoma User Manval CHAPTER THREE ntpq gt Use the command peers to display the NTP peers which your computer is using One of them should be the Sonoma server which you have just configured You should verify that it is being reached You may have to continue issuing the peers command for a minute or two before you will see the reach count incre ment If you have other peers configured verify that the offset information for the Sonoma server peer and your other peers is in agreement to within a few milliseconds assuming that the other peers are synchroni
22. Unpack and check all the items using the shipment packing list Contact the factory if anything is missing or damaged The Sonoma N12 Time Server GPS shipment typically contains Sonoma N12 part 3029 0001 000 3029 variant Sonoma N12 User Manual part USM3029 0000 000 CD part 5102 0001 000 EC 320 AC Power Cord part 0501 0003 000 This part will not be present if using the DC power option DB9F to DB9F Null Modem Serial I O Cable part 0501 0002 000 RJ 45 to RJ 45 CAT 5 patch cable 2 meters part 0501 0000 000 Antenna cable assembly part 0610 0007 001 or 0610 variant 5 Sonoma User Manual Sonoma Physical Description CHAPTER TWO SONOMA V 2 NETWORK TIME SERVER GP ed Dus oris syne ALARM EndRun Syne LED This amber LED flashes to indicate synchronization status Alarm LED This red LED illuminates briefly at power up and thereafter whenever a serious fault condition exists The drawing above shows the Sonoma rear panel in its most common configuration with no option al outputs However there are a wide variety of optional outputs available For more information on options see Chapter 10 Options For a dimensional drawing of the Sonoma chassis see Appendix Specifications Descriptions below briefly
23. and Communication using IEEE 1588 John C Eidson Springer November 2006 More information on IEEE 1588 PTP can be found at the NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology IEEE 1588 website http www nist gov el isd ieee prodinfo1588 cfm 3 Sonoma User Manual Two Gigabit Ports PTP Configuration and Status CHAPTER FOUR The PTP daemon status and configuration is supported from two PTP companion utilities ptpstatx and ptpconfigx where x is network port 0 eth 1 eth1 The following table shows the Sonoma utilities that pertain to PTP ptpstato ptpconfigO ptpstati ptpconfigl can be enabled on one or both network ports etho and eth1 If PTP is enabled on only one port then etho is the network port identifier and you would use ptpstat0 and ptpconfigo for status and configuration If PTP is enabled on both ports then both etho and eth1 will be used The default PTP configuration settings in the Sonoma are shown below If you need to modify these settings then you will need to reconfigure the PTP Subsystem You may perform the configuration from either a telnet or ssh session or the local RS 232 console Default PTP settings are ede t PTP Configuration Using the Network or Serial Port The 140 or ptpconfigi command starts an interactive shell script that will allow you to configure the PTP Subsystem of the Sonoma You will be
24. http www endruntechnologies com pdf NTP Intro pdf Configuring the Sonoma as a Stratum 1 Server To configure your Sonoma as a Stratum 1 NTP Server you must have successfully completed the Basic Installation procedures in Chapter 2 By default the Sonoma is configured to respond to NTP requests from clients that may or may not be using MDS authentication If the clients are using MDS authentication they must be configured properly with the same MDS authentication keys as the Sonoma If you need to modify the factory default Sonoma MDS keys recommended or set up broadcast multicast operation then you will need to reconfigure the NTP subsystem You may per form the configuration from either a telnet or ssh session or the local RS 232 console If you would like to configure your server for multicast operation configure it as you would for broadcast operation with the exception that you must enter this specific NTP IPV4 multicast address 224 0 1 1 or this specific IPV6 multicast address ff05 101 when you are prompted to enter the broadcast address Configuring NTP Using the Network Interface or Serial Port The following shows the question and answer configuration utility called ntpconfig The user entered responses are shown in a larger font size Sonoma_N12 GPS root Sonoma_N12 gt ntpconfig 17 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER THREE kk SSC ok ke Time
25. systemioconfig Optional See Chapter 10 Options CPU Module Options for information on this command systimemode This command displays the current time mode for any optional Time Code or Serial Time outputs Time modes are UTC GPS and LOCAL The displayed Local Time Offset from UTC and the DST Start Stop parameters are only valid when the time mode is LOCAL A positive Local Time Offset implies a longitude east of the Greenwich meridian and that Local time is ahead of UTC Command syst imemode Sonoma reply Time Mode LOCAL Local Time Zone Offset from UTC Does Not Include DST 16 half hours DST Start Month Mar Sunday 2nd Hour 2 DST Stop Month Nov Sunday 1st Hour 2 systimemodeconfig This command starts an interactive utility that allows you to configure the time mode of any optional Time Code outputs Serial Time output These settings have no effect on the operation of the NTP daemon or the underlying Linux operating system time These ALWAYS operate in UTC By default the unit is configured to operate in UTC mode If you need to modify the setting you must run this utility as root Settings made using this command are non volatile Command systimemodeconfig Sonoma reply Interactive utility is started sysversion This command displays the firmware version and build date of the Linux Subsystem root file sys tem Command sysversion Sonoma reply Sonoma N12 GPS 6010 0065 000 v 1 00 Jan 16 22 38 21 2013
26. ug ecce RAE Unix like Platforms MD5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup 22 Create the ntp keys File MP 22 Configure NIP node EE EET ade ee eR e ERIS POI RE Sierra levels acess 23 Unix like Platforms Broadcast Multicast NTP Client 23 Configure NTP Client for 24 Configure NTP Client for Multicast 24 Test Broadcast Multicust gt saso ener ern doe bee a Saree ee ee are eas 25 Setting Up NTP Clients on Windows 26 Windows Basic NTP Client Setup 26 m Sees 26 Windows s essa nor ends bes a da GU RR alae ae das 26 Windows MD5 Authenticated NTP 27 Greate the nip keys carlo lected 28 Configure ives AOE eU ae RA Ete SU pU RR STE UO 20 Windows Broadcast Multicast NTP Client 29 Configure NTP
27. which is height above mean sea level However GPS receivers use the GPS ellipsoidal height Below is a sample report GPS ellipsoidal height 0 meters Geoid height 31 023 meters Orthometric height height above mean sea level 31 023 meters 130 Sonoma User Manual INSTALLING THE GPS ANTENNA GPS Antenna Rooftop Mounting Guidelines Step Step 4 The 3 4 16 nuts and metal flat washer are not used with this Secure mounting pipe to available pipe or roof structure using hose mounting method remove from antenna if present clamps as shown Step 2 Step 5 Run cable end through the mounting pipe and through the mount Run the antenna cable into the building and connector to GPS ing adaptor as shown Connect cable TNC connector to antenna antenna connector on your unit connector During cable installation do not bend the cable 100 tightly as this Step 3 may result in permanent cable damage and a non functioning GPS Thread the mounting adaptor onto the mounting pipe and thread receiver the base of the antenna into the mounting adaptor Tighten firmly against rubber gasket on bottom of antenna Excessive force is not necessary and may damage threads Do not use threac locking compound GPS ANTENNA TNC CONNECTOR MOUNTING ADAPTOR ANTENNA CABLE MOUNTING PIPE 1 HOSE CLAMP VENT PIPE HO
28. 0 0 1 nomodify restrict 0 1 nomodify The first line eliminates control and query access from ALL hosts The second and third lines disable the localhost from making any modifications to the ntpd daemon but query access is not affected by this restriction These lines must not be removed as they are necessary for various monitoring processes running on the Sonoma to function properly Knowledgable NTP users who would like to customize the security aspects of the configuration of the NTP daemon in the Sonoma should edit the etc ntp conf file directly and then copy it to the boot etc directory Be sure to retain the ownership and permissions of the original file by using p when performing the copy If you are planning to make changes to the etc ntp conf file you must NOT restrict query access from the local host to the NTP daemon Various system monitoring processes running on the system require this access An example follows which shows how to restrict query access to a specific remote host with IP ad dress 192 168 1 10 while also allowing processes running on the Sonoma to have query access as well restrict default noquery nomodify nopeer restrict 127 0 0 1 nomodify restrict 0 1 nomodify restrict 192 168 1 10 nomodify See below for instructions on how to completely disable the following protocols Telnet Time Day time SSH SNMP and HTTPS See Chapter 4 1588 Option for how to disable The Network
29. 1 0 9 Testthe Serial Poit fo me dle eva acess eel dr Qe ere ere se 9 Using netconfig to Set Up Your IP 1 Verify Network Configuration 2 12 Sonoma User Manual Check Network Operation 5 mee GRAY be ORAS 14 Using Telnet 12er m Eye cals eee ERR ER E d RET 14 Ip e 15 Using PI eb tns EEE 15 Chapter Three Network Time Protocol 17 Configuring the NTP Server 17 Configuring the Sonoma as a Stratum 1 Server 17 Configuring NTP Using the Network Interface or Serial Port 17 Configuring the Sonoma as Stratum 2 Server 20 Edit nip cont 25525506 oe Sia E Bw epee WSLS we MSO 20 Mask AlGtmi 20 Setting Up NTP Clients on Unix like Platforms 21 Unix like Platforms Basic NTP Client Setup 2 Configure
30. 15 Subpart B Sections 15 107 and 15 109 Data subject to change EndRun Technologies may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice 143 Sonoma User Manual APPENDIX H 5 2 Y 10 10 10 80 9 60 59 ET _ S 19 00 gt 17 MAX 1 25 2 1 70 1667 1 73 o i i i Llo 16 88 7 NOTE DRAWING SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE E moss TECHNOLOGIES Santa Rosa CA E SONOMA N Series CDMA GPS uu 4 CHASSIS DIMENSIONS UnivAC End Run 9 CTI HNO END L D LOBSINGER NC VIEW A A FRONT PANE 145 2013 DJL 0 5 1 245 2013 s 1 OF 4 z 2 1 144 Sonoma User Manual SPECIFICATIONS EndRun TECHNOLOGIES DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to ISO IEC GUIDE 22 and EN 45014 Manufacturer s Name EndRun Technologies LLC Manufacturers Address 2270 NorthpointParkway Santa Rosa California 95407 U SA DECLARES THAT THE PRODUCT Product Name Network Time Server Model Number 3026 222 Sonoma DSerssGDMA Network T ime Server 3027 222 Sonoma GPS Network Time Server 3028 X Y YY ZZZ
31. 50Q Antenna Power 5V Integral 35 dB gain LNA with bandpass filter for out of band interference rejection Rugged all weather housing capable of operation over 40 C to 85 C temperature extremes Mounting via 18 long PVC pipe with stainless steel clamps 50 low loss RG 59 downlead cable standard Extension cables and low noise pre amplifiers are available as options System Oscillator is standard 2 5 x 10 over 20 to 70 Option 4x10 over 0 to 70 C Rubidium 1x10 9 over 0 to 70 C Stratum 1 Holdover Performance 24 Hours TCXO 35 Days OCXO 140 Days Rubidium Time to Lock 5 minutes typical TCXO 10 minutes typical OCXO Server Performance and Synchronization Accuracy GPS Receiver Accuracy 30 nanoseconds RMS to UTC USNO when locked NTP Timestamp Accuracy 10 microseconds 7500 packets second 3750 per port NTP Client Synchronization Accuracy Network factors can limit LAN synchronization accuracy to 1 2 to 2 milliseconds typical See GPS UTC Timing Specifications for details Server Platform Operating System Kernel Version 3 2 2 Slackware Linux Distribution 13 1 Processor 1 2 GHz RAM 512M FLASH 512M 139 Sonoma User Manval APPENDIX H Supported 4 Protocols SNTP NTP v2 v3 v4 and broadcast multicast mode MDS authentication and autokey SSH client and server with secure copy utility SCP SNMP v1 v2c v3 with Enterpr
32. Delay Mechanism is user configured to either 2 or P2P E2E uses the delay request re sponse mechanism and P2P uses the peer delay mechanism The PTP Domain is user configured in a range from 0 to 255 The PTP Time Mode is user configured to either UTC or PTP When UTC Time mode is configured the clock transmits the UTC epoch and sets the PTP Scale to ARB When the Time mode is PTP the 37 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER FOUR clock transmits the PTP epoch TAI and sets the PTP Scale to PTP See About the PTP Second and UTC Time at the end of this chapter for more information The PTP Multicast TTL is user configured in a range from 1 to 255 For a local area network the TTL should be configured to 1 PTP Clock Class one of SYNCHRONIZED HOLDOVER or UNLOCKED The Clock Class is SYNCHRONIZED when the GPS Subsystem TFOM level is at 3 see Appendix TFOM The Clock Class is HOLDOVER when the GPS Subsystem TFOM level is greater than 3 and less than 9 The Clock Class is UNLOCKED when the GPS Subsystem TFOM level is 9 The PTP Timescale either PTP or ARB When Time Mode is configured to PTP the clock transmits the Timescale as PTP When the Time mode is UTC the clock transmits the Timescale as ARB The PTP Port State is one of MASTER PASSIVE or LISTENING The PTP Port State is selected as MASTER by the best master clock algorithm otherwise it is PASSIVE or LISTENING The PTP Clock Source is either GPS or OSC The Clock Source is GPS if
33. HTTPS directives and SSL configuration is Professional Apache Wainwright Wrox Press 1999 47 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER FIVE NTP You can configure your NTP clients for secure MDS authentication See Chapter 3 NTP Unix like Platforms 5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup or Chapter 3 NTP Windows MD5 Authenti cated NTP Client Setup You can also restrict NTP query access See Restrict Query Access NTP in this chapter Network Security Vulnerabilities EndRun addresses major network security vulnerabilities that affect Sonoma at the top of this web page http www endruntechnologies com fsb htm This Application Note describes best practices to secure your time server and mitigate many network security vulnerabilities http www endruntechnologies com pdf AppNoteSecurity pdf 48 Sonoma User Manual EndRun C I TECHNOLOGIES SNMPv3 Security Chapter Six Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP Your Sonoma includes the NET SNMP version 5 5 1 implementation of an SNMP agent snmpd and a SNMP notification trap generation utility snmptrap It supports all versions of the protocol in use today 1 the original Internet standard SNMPv2c never reached standard status often called community SNMP and SNMPv3 the latest Internet standard The NET SNMP project has its roots in the Carnegie Mellon University SNMP implementation For more detailed information about the NET SNMP projec
34. HTTPS HTTP over SSL with mod ssl the Apache interface to OpenSSL For more infor mation about this protocol refer to http www modssl org NOTE To disable the HTTPS protocol see Disable SNMP SSH and HTTPS above To restrict ac cess see Restrict Access HTTPS above HTTP and SSL use files for the default configuration located in etc httpd Of these you will typi cally only need to modify Attpd conf Advanced users who need to modify the default configuration will need to edit the file and copy it to the boot etc httpd directory Do not attempt to change the directives unless you have a real need to do so See Appendix C Helpful Linux Information Us ing Editors above Configure Certificate and Key For SSL it is recommended but not required that new certificates and keys are generated and installed on the Apache web server with mod ssl The factory configured self signed certificate is located in etc httpd server crt and the key in etc httpd server key After creating new certificates and private keys they will need to be saved in boot etc httpd server crt and boot etc httpd server key To generate a new certificate and key issue these commands cd boot etc httpd openssl req new x509 nodes out server crt keyout server key The two files will be created in the boot etc httpd directory You must reboot the Sonoma for them to take effect An excellent book which describes operation and configuration of the various
35. IMPORTANT The domain name server IP address is required by the Apache web server When using netcon ig see Chapter 9 Console Port Control and Status to configure the TCP IP parameters be sure to configure name server Only one name server is required but two gives some redundancy The HTTPS Interface will not operate properly if this is configured incorrectly The following picture shows the Linux Subsystem RFS root file system Upgrade page fields are filled in with the default values needed to download the appropriate firmware image from the En dRun Technologies website You can use these default values unless you want to point to a different FTP server 105 Sonoma User Manual APPENDIX B EndRun Smarter Timing Solutions TECHNOLOGIES Home Plots Receiver Clock Vo Faults Network NTP PTP Firmware Sonoma Network Time Server GPS Synchronized Firmware Status Upgrade from a FTP server Linux RFS Upgrade File Name Linux Kernel Upgrade feor 0 0065 000 gz GPS Subsystem Upgrade FTP Server Name endruntechnologies com FTP Login Name anonymous FTP Login Password fYourPassword Reboot 2 If your Sonoma does not have access to the Internet you must first download the appropriate file s from the EndRun Technologies website to the computer that you will be using later to access the Sonoma via its HTTPS interface Use this link to get the file s you want http www endruntechnologies
36. Program or works based on it 6 Each time you redistribute the Program or any work based on the Program the recipient automat ically receives a license from the original licensor to copy distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License 7 If as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason not limited to patent issues conditions are imposed on you whether by court order agree ment or otherwise that contradict the conditions of this License they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all For example if a patent license would not permit royalty free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances
37. Protocol Configuration ok ke ok ke This script will allow you to configure the ntp conf and ntp keys files that control Sonoma N12 GPS NTP daemon operation 2 You will be able to create new MD5 authentication keys which are stored ad in the ntp keys file You will be able to update the authentication related commands in the ntp conf file You will be able to configure the broadcast mode of operation with or without authentication If you supply the multicast address instead of your network broadcast address then you will be able to configure the time to live of the multicast packets The changes you make now will not take effect until you re boot the Sonoma N12 GPS If you make a mistake just re run ntpconfig prior to re booting You will now be prompted for the necessary set up parameters kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk MD5 Keyfile Configuration Would you like to create a new ntp keys file yles n o Y You will be prompted for a key number 1 65534 then the actual key When you have
38. Signal 1 PPS OUTPUT is Installed Current Setting 1 Milliseconds Pulse Width Use the systemioconfig command to change the 1PPS pulse width You will be able to choose from among these selections 20 microseconds 1 millisecond 100 milliseconds and 500 millisec onds 91 Sonoma User Manval CHAPTER TEN Command systemioconfig Sonoma reply Interactive script is started so you can change the pulse width Time Code Output There are two different kinds of Time Code outputs Either amplitude modulated AM or DC Shift Connectors will be labeled as either AMCODE or DCCODE The Time Code is a system signal This means that there is one Time Code signal that affects the whole system In other words if your Sonoma has multiple Time Code outputs AM or DC and you change the Time Code format then all Time Code outputs will be affected The Time Code output is normally IRIG B122 AM or 002 DC when shipped from the factory but can be changed see below For details on signal definition see Appendix H Specifications View and Change the Time Code Configuration Use the cpuio command to view the optional outputs on the CPU Module This command will list any connector that has an optional I O signal Connectors are identified as A B or C Use the sys temio command to view the current setting for the Time Code format Command cpuio Sonoma reply CPU I O A AM TIME CODE OUTPUT is Installed Current Setting See systemio comm
39. The companion utility sep provides a secure replacement for ftp as a means of transferring files to and from the Sonoma Both of these protocols are supported in the Sonoma via the OpenSSH implementations for Linux Refer to Chapter 5 Security Open SSH for more information about the secure shell protocol Using Telnet When establishing a telnet connection with your Sonoma logging in directly as root is not permit ted This is a security measure that makes it slightly more difficult to gain access by simply trying passwords since it is also necessary to know the name of a user When you initiate a telnet session with the Sonoma this banner will be displayed kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Welcome to Sonoma_N12 GPS telnet console on host your domain kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk host login Here you may log in as ntpuser with password Praecis When logged in as ntpuser you may check status information and view log files but you will not be able to modify any system settings or view secure files After correctly entering the password at this prompt Password the sign on message is shown It identifies the host system as Sonoma GPS and shows the software part number version and build date Sonoma_N12 GPS 6010 0065 000 v 1 00 Sat Jan 19 14 17 44 UTC 2013 Sonoma_N12 GPS root host gt This last line is the
40. Time Protocol NTP cannot be disabled Disable Telnet Time and Daytime To disable Telnet Time and Daytime use the inetdconfig command to start an interactive script that will ask you which protocols to disable Then it will modify the etc inetd conf file which is read by the super server daemon inetd Requests from remote hosts for protocols not configured in etc inetd conf will be refused Currently three servers are configurable via inetdconfig Time and 44 Sonoma User Manual SECURITY Daytime whose protocol servers are contained within the inetd daemon itself and in telnetd Any one or all of these may be enabled or disabled for start up Disable SNMP SSH and HTTPS To disable SNMP SSH or HTTPS you only have to modify the file mode of the scripts that control their execution These are located in the etc rc d directory To disable any of these daemons issue one or more of these commands chmod x etc rc d rc snmpd chmod x etc rc d rc sshd chmod x etc rc d rc httpd After issuing these commands you must copy the modified file s to the non volatile FLASH area using one or more of these commands cp p etc rc d rc snmpd boot etc rc d cp p etc rc d rc sshd boot etc rc d cp p etc rc d rc httpd boot etc rc d Re boot the Sonoma when done for the changes to take effect IMPORTANT After modifying etc rc d rc smnpd re sshd or rc httpd you must copy them to the Doot etc rc d directory and reboot the sy
41. UTC KR RIKI RI KKK RK hee e e e e KIKI KIRK RIKI e e e ee eee e e ee e e e e e e ke ee eee dee dee dee ee I RIKER RAE Sonoma N12 login Here you may log in as with password Praecis or you may log in as the root user with password endrun 1 When logged in as ntpuser you may check status information and view log files but you will not be able to modify any system settings or view secure files In order to perform system setup procedures which includes configuring the IP network settings you must log in as the root user After correctly entering the password at this prompt password the sign on message is shown It identifies the host system as Sonoma N12 GPS and shows the soft ware part number version and build date The out of the box hostname is set to Sonoma N12 and the domainname is set to your domain Sonoma N12 GPS 6010 0065 000 v 1 00 Sat Jan 19 14 17 44 UTC 2013 Sonoma N12 GPS root Sonoma_N12 gt This last line is the standard Sonoma N12 GPS prompt After configuring the unit you should change the passwords using the Linux passwd command issued from the prompt 10 Sonoma User Manual BASIC INSTALLATION If you do not see characters displayed by your terminal program within 30 seconds after the unit is powered up you must troubleshoot your setup An incorrectly wired cable or incorrect port setting in your terminal emulation program are the most common problems Refer to Appendi
42. been successfully configured to oper ate on your network and you are ready to check operation of the Sonoma over the network If not you should recheck your configuration and or repeat the netconfig procedure If you have configured a nameserver s for your network you may check that by issuing this com mand Sonoma N12 GPS root host gt cat etc resolv conf search your domain nameserver 192 168 1 1 nameserver 192 168 1 2 13 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER TWO Which displays the contents of the etc resolv conf file containing the domain name you entered previ ously using netconfig and the nameserver IP address es to use for that domain Check Network Operation With your Sonoma network parameters properly configured you are ready to test the setup using ping from a server or workstation that is able to access the network connected to the Sonoma ternatively you could ping one of your servers or workstations from the Sonoma prompt to test the setup Once you have successfully established network communications with the Sonoma you may perform all maintenance and monitoring activities via telnet and ftp The Sonoma provides both client and server operation using telnet For security reasons only client operation is supported using ftp You may also monitor the Sonoma via the HTTPS interface see Chapter 7 HTTPS Security conscious users will want to use ssh the secure shell replacement for telnet as the login means
43. by de fault If an argument value of 2 is given then the currently configured default kernel is shown Command updatekernelflag 1 Sonoma reply Default Kernel now set to UPGRADE Command updatekernelflag 2 Sonoma reply Default Kernel UPGRADE upgradekernel This utility allows you to upgrade the Linux Kernel It is run after the kernel gz file has been copied to the tmp directory on the system It performs an erase of the upgrade kernel partition and then writes the tmp kernel gz file to it Refer to Appendix B Upgrading the Firmware Performing the Linux Subsystem Kernel Upgrade for detailed information Command upgradekernel Sonoma reply Shows progress indicator upgraderootfs This utility allows you to upgrade the Linux Root File System It is run after the rooffs gz file has been copied to the tmp directory on the system It performs an erase of the upgrade root file system partition and then writes the tmp rootfs gz file to it Refer to Appendix B Upgrading the Firm ware Performing the Linux Subsystem RFS Upgrade for detailed information Command upgraderootfs Sonoma reply Shows progress indicator upgradesubsys This utility allows you to upgrade the GPS Subsystem firmware Prior to executing this command you must copy the binary firmware file to be uploaded to the GPS Subsystem to tmp subsys bin It issues the commands over the serial port to the GPS Subsystem that are needed to start the X mo dem file
44. command for a minute or two before you will see the reach count incre ment If you have other peers configured verify that the offset information for the Sonoma server peer and your other peers is in agreement to within a few milliseconds assuming that the other peers are synchronized to that level of accuracy It may also be useful to start the NTP daemon in debug mode d to confirm successful con figuration Refer to the NTP documentation for detailed usage of these debug utilities Windows MD5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup MDS authenticated setup is relatively simple if You have been able to successfully communicate with the Sonoma on your network Your Sonoma has been configured to perform authentication either by factory default or by running the ntpcon ig shell script The example Sonoma authentication configuration shown in 27 Sonoma User Manval CHAPTER THREE Configuring the NTP Server above will be assumed in the example configuration commands shown here You have installed NTP on your client computer You have successfully performed the Windows Basic NTP Client Setup on your client computer Create the ntp keys File You must create a file named ntp keys in the program files ntp etc directory for example It must be a copy of the one residing in the directory of your Sonoma You can telnet into your So noma and start an tp session with your client computer to send the So
45. describe the standard I O connectors Antenna Jack RS 232 Connector 10 100 1000Base T Jacks Spare Jacks Unused AC Power Input Jack This TNC connector mates with the downlead cable from the external antenna This DB9M connector provides the RS 232 serial I O console interface to the Sonoma This console allows you to initialize and maintain the Sonoma See Chapter 9 Console Port Control and Status for more information including the RS 232 pin assignments These two RJ 45 connectors mate with the ethernet twisted pair cable from the network They are labeled with the corresponding MAC address and either or ETH1 Integrated LEDs indicate link speed green and activity amber The green LED will pulse once for a speed of 10M twice for 100M and three times for 1G Both ports provide a console interface to the Sonoma See Chapter 9 Console Port Control and Status for more information These unused BNC connectors are usually labeled SPARE When used they will be labeled with their connector identifier A B or C and provide optional signals Label examples are A AMCODE B 1PPS or C PPO For more information on Sonoma options see Chapter 10 Options This IEC 320 standard three prong connector provides AC power Other power supplies are available See Chapter 10 Options for more information Sonoma User Manual Performing a Site Survey BASIC INSTALLATION Using the
46. fault flag Measured This field shows the last measured time offset of the GPS Subsystem relative to Time Error GPS while locked in second Time Deviation This field shows the time deviation TDEV of the offset measurements in seconds The tau associated with this measurement is one second which is the update interval of the position fixes received from the GPS Receiver Oscillator This field shows the regression computed system oscillator ageing rate per day Ageing Rate several hours delay before the first measurements are displayed Control Loop TAU This field shows the system oscillator control loop averaging time constant in seconds It s value is automatically adjusted to maintain optimum offset and stability Coast Duration This shows the number of seconds the GPS Subsystem has been in coast mode while the Sonoma is unlocked to GPS Coast mode is another term for holdover mode 61 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER SEVEN Estimated Time This is the estimated time error of the GPS Subsystem when in coast holdover Error mode in seconds Internal Chassis Internal chassis temperature in C Available with OCXO or Rubidium Temperature oscillator Clock Page This page shows the configuration of the Sonoma Time Server except for any optional I O which is listed on the I O page Clock Configuration Time Mode This field shows the current time mode setting Possible settings are UTC GPS and Local Since NTP always uses UTC t
47. indicates locked ASCII question mark 0x3F which indicates the unsynchronized condition is the space character 0x20 WWW is the day of week MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT DD is the day of month 1 31 MMM is the month JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC YY is the two digit year is the colon character 0x3A HH is the hour of the day 00 23 MM is the minute of the hour 00 59 SS is the second of the minute 00 60 lt CR gt is the ASCII carriage return character 0x0D The first lt CR gt is the on time character lt LF gt is the ASCII line feed character 0x0A NENA8 CR LF2Q YYYY DDD HH MM SS D ZZ CR LF Q is the time quality indicator and may be either space ASCII space character 0x20 which indicates locked ASCII question mark 0x3F which indicates the unsynchronized condition is the space character 0x20 YYYY is the four digit year DDD is the day of year 001 366 is the colon character 0x3A HH is the hour of the day 00 23 MM is the minute of the hour 00 59 SS is the second of the minute 00 60 d is the DST indicator S I D O ZZ or time zone offset relative to UTC 00 12 lt CR gt is the ASCII carriage return character Ox0D The first lt CR gt is the on time character lt LF gt is the ASCII line feed character 0x0A 97 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER TEN NMEA Format The National Marine Electronics Association NMEA has dev
48. information from the GPS Subsystem or to reject the timing information that it 1s obtaining from it S sssssssss is the offset in seconds between the NTP system clock and the GPS Subsystem clock Positive implies that the system clock is ahead of the GPS Subsystem LI is the NTP daemon leap indicator bits Leap seconds occur every 2 3 years Possible indicator values are 00 Normal locked operation 01 Leap second insertion event will occur at UTC midnight 10 Leap second deletion event will occur at UTC midnight 11 Fault Unsynchronized state TFOM is a value between 3 and 9 and indicates clock accuracy A detailed explanation of TFOM is in Appendix A TFOM YEAR is the year of the UTC timestamp of the most recent update received from the GPS Sub system DOY is the day of year of the UTC timestamp of the most recent update received from the GPS Subsystem HH MM SS is the hour minute and second ot the UTC timestamp of the most recent update received from the GPS Subsystem LS is the current number of leap seconds difference between the UTC and GPS timescales 16 at the time of this writing Below is an example of a typical response to this command Command sysstat Sonoma reply LOCKED TO GPS Offset 0 000000024 LI 00 TFOM 4 2013 012 06 03 10 16 systemio Optional See Chapter 10 Options CPU Module Options for information on this command 84 Sonoma User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS
49. installed near the equipment and be easily accessible Power cord is used as a disconnection device To de energize equipment disconnect the power cord If your Sonoma has dual power supplies then multiple power cords may be installed To de energize this equipment disconnect all power cords from the device Do not install the Sonoma N12 where the operating ambient temperature might exceed 122 F 50 C Connecting the Optional DC Power The DC Power Input is an option For installation instructions see Chapter 10 Options Connecting the DC Power Connecting and Configuring Ethernet Connect one end of the CAT 5 patch cable supplied with your Sonoma to either of the rear panel mounted RJ 45 connector labeled 10 100 1000Base T Connect the other end of the patch cable to your network through a straight port on your switch Do not connect it to a crossover port on your switch By factory default the Sonoma will attempt to configure the ethernet interfaces automatically via the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP The Sonoma will attempt to set the netmask its IP address the IP address of the default gateway the domain name and the IP addresses of any nameservers if the DHCP server is configured to provide them You may optionally configure the Sonoma to also set its hostname via DHCP if your DHCP server is configured to provide it You can do this by running a simple script called netconfig after your unit is up on th
50. instruction 1 Disconnect power from the Sonoma 2 Connect one end of the DB9F to DB9F null modem adapter cable to the serial I O jack on the Sonoma 3 Connect the other end of the DB9F to DB9F null modem adapter cable to the terminal If the serial I O port on your terminal does not have a DB9M connector you may need to use an adapter Refer to Appendix H Specifications for details on the signal wiring f you are using a computer for your terminal remember which port you are using because you will need to know that in order to set up your terminal software You must use an RS 232 null modem cable or adapter if you are connecting the Sonoma N12 to another computer The cable included in the shipping kit is a null modem cable If your computer does not have a serial port you can use a USB port with a USB RS232 converter similar to Gearmo GM FTDI 8 First connect the USB converter to your computer then connect the converter to the null modem cable Finally connect the null modem cable to the Sonoma Test the Serial Port You must configure your terminal to use the serial I O port you used in Connect the RS 232 Serial 1 0 Port above You must also configure your terminal as shown below 9 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER TWO Baud Rate 19200 Data Bits 8 Parity None Stop Bits 1 Handshaking Flow Control OFF both hardware and software Terminal Emulation if any 100 or similar or Linux After con
51. is the year DDD is the day of year is the colon character 0x3A HH is the hour of the day MM is the minute of the hour SS is the second of the minute 2 is the sign of the offset to UTC implies time is ahead of UTC ZZ is the magnitude of the offset to UTC in units of half hours Non zero only when the Timemode is Local m is the Timemode character and is one of G GPS L Local U UTC lt CR gt is the ASCII carriage return character 0x0D lt LF gt is the ASCII line feed character 0x0A 95 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER TEN EndRunX Extended Format The EndRunX format is identical to the EndRun format with the addition of two fields the cur rent leap second settings and the future leap second settings The following string is sent once each second T YYYY DDD 55 zZZ CC FF lt CR gt lt LF gt T is the Time Figure of Merit character described in Appendix A TFOM This is the on time character transmitted during the first millisecond of each second YYYY is the year DDD is the day of year is the colon character 0x3A HH is the hour of the day MM is the minute of the hour SS is the second of the minute 2 is the sign of the offset to UTC implies time is ahead of UTC ZZ is the magnitude of the offset to UTC in units of half hours Non zero only when the Timemode is Local m is the Timemode character and is one of G GPS L Local U UTC CC is the current leap seconds value FF is the future leap seco
52. issue the following command to the Sonoma console to initiate the upload upgradekernel 109 Sonoma User Manval APPENDIX B Next update the default file system partition by issuing this command to your Sonoma console updatekernelflag 1 You should see this line displayed Default Kernel now set to UPGRADE Finally reboot the system by issuing this command at the shell prompt reboot Wait about 90 seconds for the system to shutdown and reboot Then log in to the Sonoma using telnet or ssh If all has gone well you should be able to log in the usual way You can check the running kernel version at any time by issuing kernelversion which will cause the kernel version message to be displayed You can also check to see which kernel image the system is currently booted under by issuing this command at the shell prompt Syskernel Which should cause this to be printed to the console BOOTED KERNEL IMAGE 1 Upgrade If so and your unit seems to be operating normally you have successfully completed the kernel upgrade If your unit does not boot up successfully and you are not able to te1net or ssh into the system after 90 seconds then there has been some kind of problem with the kernel upgrade It is possible that the file downloaded was corrupt or that you forgot to set your tp download file mode to binary when downloading the file either from the EndRun Technologies website or when transfer ring it to the Sonoma R
53. jump in time when a leap second insertion occurs If the PTP slave does not account for this it will also jump Avoid this by using PTP Time Mode When only one PTP option is enabled it will be configured for echo PTP Domain 0 If a second PTP option is enabled then it will be configured for eth1 PTP Domain 1 This configuration will allow PTP to run as master on both ports If the PTP Domain is configured as the same value for both ports for example PTP Domain 0 on eth0 and Domain 0 on eth1 then etho Port State will be master and eth1 Port State will be listening 39 Sonoma User Manual Disable the PTP Protocol CHAPTER FOUR The instructions below assume that the PTP Option has been installed on Port 0 etho of your So noma To check see the section titled Option at the beginning of this chapter To disable the Precision Time Protocol on Port 0 issue the following command chmod x etc rc d rc ptpd0d Copy the rc ptpd0 file to the non volatile FLASH area like this p etc rc d rc ptpd0 boot etc rc d Then reboot Once PTP has been disabled the user interface will no longer show the existence of PTP Re Enable PTP To re enable on Port 0 remove the rc ptpd0 file from the etc rc d directory as shown below rm boot etc rc d rc ptpdO Then reboot If PTP is also installed on Port 1 then follow the instructions above using re ptpd7 4 Sonoma User Manual EndRun C VAN TECHNOLOGIES Linu
54. key authentication you must gen erate a public private pair of SSH2 keys using your own ssh key generating utility or you can use the ssh keygen that is resident on the Sonoma file system You must then append the public key to the boot root ssh authorized keys2 file in the non volatile FLASH area on your Sonoma At boot time the Sonoma will copy these to the actual working root ssh directory of the system ramdisk To use this capability the corresponding private key must reside in the root ssh directory of your remote computer as id rsa or id dsa If you are unfamilar with this process refer to the man page for the ssh keygen utility for details issue ssh keygen at the prompt Be careful to maintain the proper ownership and access permissions of the private key by using cp p when copying the file It MUST be readable only by root 46 Sonoma User Manual HTTPS SECURITY Advanced users wishing to modify the overall configuration of the sshd daemon should edit the etc ssh sshd_config file and then copy it to the boot etc ssh directory of the Sonoma Be careful to maintain the proper ownership and access permissions by using p when copying the file At boot time it will be copied to the etc ssh directory of the system ramdisk thereby replacing the fac tory default configuration file The HTTPS server in the Sonoma is built from the standard Apache version 2 4 10 distribution from http httpd apache org It uses
55. or mask the Antenna Fault See the ant 1tmask command setcaldelay An interactive utility that allows you to change the clock cali bration delay See the caldelay command setgpsdynmode Command to set the dynamic mode of operation of the GPS pe c c setgpsrefpos Interactive utility that prompts you for an accurate reference position performs syntax and argument validity checking then passes the position to the GPS Subsystem See the gpsrefpos command setpwrfltmask Command to enable or mask the optional Dual Power Supply optional Input Faults See Chapter 10 Options Masking Dual Power Supply Fault Alarms for more information Command to enable or mask the Signal Loss Fault See the sigfltmask command Prints the current setting for the Signal Loss Fault mask See the setsigfltmask command syskernel Prints the currently booted linux kernel either 0 or 1 where 0 is the factory installed kernel and 1 is the upgraded kernel 71 Sonoma User Manval CHAPTER NINE sysosctype Prints the installed system oscillator type which is one of TCXO OCXO or Rubidium sysrootfs Prints the currently loaded linux root file system image either 0 or 1 where 0 is the factory installed root file system and 1 is the upgraded root file system sysstat Prints detailed NTP status information Included is the offset of the NTP steered system clock to the GPS Subsystem clock the NTP daemon leap indicator bit values the TFOM the time of th
56. position but it does provide a good indication that the receiver is working properly Position is pro vided in latitude longitude and height above the WGS 84 ellipsoid Command gpslastfix Sonoma reply LAST POSITION FIX N38d24m54 28s W122d45m10 89s 00010 9 meters gpsrefpos This command displays the current GPS Subsystem reference position The source of the position which is one of UNK unknown DYN dynamic USR user entered or AVG 24 hour average of GPS fixes is displayed first The WGS 84 latitude and longitude in degrees minutes seconds format and the height above the WGS 84 reference ellipsoid in meters follow Command gpsrefpos Sonoma reply CURRENT REFERENCE POSITION AVG N38d26m36 11s W122d42m56 50s 00032 5 meters gpsstat This command allows you to query the status of the GPS Subsystem During normal operation the NTP daemon polls the GPS Subsystem every 16 seconds The results of this poll are used to steer the system clock and are saved to a log file This command parses and formats the data contained therein and prints this fixed length string having these fields LKSTAT TFOM YEAR DOY HH MM SS LS LF S NN EFCDAC C No FLTS Where LKSTAT is the tracking status of the GPS Subsystem either LOCKED or NOTLKD TFOM is a value between 3 and 9 and indicates clock accuracy A detailed explanation of TFOM is in Appendix A TFOM YEAR Is the year of the UTC timestamp of the most recent update DOY is the day o
57. pre amp through the cable shield and back up to the antenna This highlights the importance of properly constructed cable terminations and double shielded cable For installations using three preamps we recommend that the last pre amp be located as far as is practical from the antenna This is because the antenna and three preamplifers will have more than 100 dB of gain increasing the likelihood that enough leakage from the cable can cause round the world feedback to the antenna and set up oscillation Here is the suggested configuration for an antenna installation with three preamplifiers GPS antenna One foot cable Preamplifier One foot cable Preamplifier Up to 1 000 feet 305 meters cable Preamplifier One foot cable Sonoma GPS Time Server Lightning Arrestor A lightning arrestor helps protect your GPS installation from damage due to lightning strikes It is designed to pass the DC voltage that is needed to power the antenna and or preamps without degrad ing the GPS signal It is installed between the antenna and the receiver where the cable enters the building near an earth ground You must bond the lightning arrestor to the earth ground Signal Splitters Signal splitters are used when two time servers are sharing one antenna installation The smart GPS Splitter supplied by EndRun is a one input two output device In the normal configuration one of the splitter RF outputs J1 passes DC from the connected GPS Receiver
58. received your Sonoma First you must obtain an 8 digit license key from EndRun Technologies then you can enable it using the wrt sw opt command wrt_sw_opt To enable a software option use this console port command You must be logged in as the root user in order to run this command and you must provide a license key on the command line If the key is verified then the option will be enabled Command wrt_sw_opt key Sonoma reply Option to be enabled is Daemon get_sw_opts This command shows which software options are enabled in your Sonoma The command returns a 32 bit value with each bit identifying a software option Below is an example when no software op tions are enabled Command get_sw_opts Sonoma reply 00000000000000000000000000000000 Bit are numbered from 0 to 31 from right to left The example below shows bit 0 set which identifies that the PTPO option is enabled Command get_sw_opts Sonoma reply 00000000000000000000000000000001 89 Sonoma User Manual CPU Module Options CHAPTER TEN Software Option Bit Definitions Bits are numbered from 0 to 31 from right to left Currently there are only two software options defined in the Sonoma These for PTP IEEE 1588 enabled on port 0 eth0 or port 1 eth1 The table below shows the currently defined bits sis sis BR BRO PTP PTP Port 1 Port 0 eth1 0 Standard rear panel configu
59. source software comes with its own license These are printed out for your informa tion below The license for the GNU software project requires that we provide you with a copy of all source code covered under the GNU Public License GPL at your request Please contact us with your request and we will mail it to you on a CD We will charge you a fee for our incurred expenses as allowed for in the license GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2 June 1991 Copyright C 1989 1991 Free Software Foundation Inc 5 Franklin Street Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it By contrast the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software to make sure the software is free for all its users This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation s software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License instead You can apply it to your programs too When we speak of free software we are referring to freedom not price Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software and charge f
60. the Sonoma as a Stratum 2 Server To mask a fault use the setant 1tmask and setsigfltmask commands For more information see Chapter 9 Console Port Control and Status or type help setsigfltmask and help se tantfltmask on the console If your Sonoma has the Dual Power Supply option then you may mask primary and or secondary power supply faults See Chapter 10 Options Masking Dual Power Supply Fault Alarms for more information System Oscillator DAC DAC This fault indicates that the electronic frequency control DAC for the oscillator has reached either the high or low alarm limit while locked to the GPS signal Unless the unit is being subjected to out of specification environmental conditions this would indicate that the oscillator frequency has drifted near to the end of life region This should normally only occur after at least ten years of operation The unit will continue to function until the oscillator frequency finally reaches one of the actual DAC endpoints The unit should be returned to the factory for oscillator replacement at your convenience GPS Signal SIG This fault indicates that the unit has not been able to acquire a GPS signal for one hour while the Time Figure of Merit has been 9 the unsynchronized condition This could be due to a variety of reasons Ifthere are no other faults that could explain the inability to receive a signal then there could be an antenna failure or blockage If the condition persists inde
61. the current settings for any installed user selectable optional CPU Module options See Chapter 10 Options CPU Module Options for more information cpuioconfig An interactive utility that allows you to modify the settings optional for the CPU Module options See Chapter 10 Options CPU Module Options for more information cpustat Prints the current Linux CPU core temperature system load as percent of maximum and free memory available faultstat Prints the summary of all system fault states in a user friendly get_sw_opts Returns the current software options enabled in your Sonoma See Chapter 10 Options Software Options for more informa tion Prints the GPS dynamic mode currently in effect See the setgpsdynmode command Prints the last computed GPS position fix psrefpos Prints the GPS reference position pem d See the setgpsrefpos command signal level C No are shown for each satellite gpsutcinfo Prints the GPS UTC Almanac parameters per the GPS ICD 200 Also shows the current calculated GPS UTC offset which includes leap seconds and a small sub second offset mation help Prints help for all Sonoma specific not Linux commands Prints command specific help For example help gpsstat Interactive script that allows you to configure the list of pro tocol servers which are started by the inetd server daemon running in the Sonoma netconfig Interactive script that allows you to configure the IP network subsystem o
62. the following conditions are met 122 Sonoma User Manual THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution 3 The end user documentation included with the redistribution if any must include the following acknowledgment This product includes software developed by the Apache Software Foundation http www apache org Alternately this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself if and wherever such third party acknowledgments normally appear 4 The names Apache and Apache Software Foundation must not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without prior written permission For written permission please contact apache apache org X X X X X X X X 5 Products derived from this software may not be called Apache normay Apache appear in their name without prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAI
63. the international time standard most commonly used in the world and is the one used by the Network Time Protocol NTP A leap second insertion is scheduled about every three years in order to keep UTC in alignment with the earth 5 rotation Possible leap second insertions can be scheduled at midnight on June 30 or December 31 Your GPS synchronized Sonoma precisely adjusts for leap seconds if and when they occur There is nothing you need to do in order to keep your Sonoma time server accurately synchronized to UTC You can see the current GPS UTC parameters that are downloaded from the satellites by using the gpsutcinfo command See Chapter 9 Console Port Control and Status for details on this com mand or type help gpsutcinfo at the console port Leap seconds are inserted from time to time in order to keep UTC which is derived from atomic time TAD in agreement with the Earth s rotation rate Relative to TAI the Earth s rotation rate 15 slowing down This means that UTC must be retarded periodically in order to maintain agreement between UTC and the apparent daylength If this were not done eventually UTC would drift out of sync with Earth s day and many astronomical and navigational problems would ensue The International Earth Rotation Service IERS is the organization responsible for measuring the relationship between UTC and the rotation rate of the Earth When the difference between UTC and apparent Earth time has exceeded a certain t
64. through the splitter to the antenna allowing the GPS Receiver to power both the antenna and the splitter amplifier The other RF output J2 is DC loaded with a 200 ohm resistor to simulate the antenna current draw When selecting and installing a signal splitter keep these points in mind 128 Sonoma User Manual Mounting Inside A Window Obtaining A Reference Position INSTALLING THE GPS ANTENNA 1 The splitter must be DC blocked on one leg The GPS Receivers in both time servers output 5 VDC up the coax to power the GPS antenna s built in preamp You must not connect these two power sources together 2 It is desirable that DC blocked leg has a DC load resistor to simulate a GPS antenna load This way you will not get a false alarm from the GPS Receiver s antenna load sensor However the Sonoma time server allows you to mask an antenna fault alarm from causing a system fault by using the setantfltmask command See details in Chapter 9 Console Port Control and Status 3 The signal splitter supplied by EndRun has a built in preamplifier to compensate for signal loss through the splitter If using a splitter other than the one supplied by EndRun you may need to com pensate for splitter signal loss by using a separate GPS preamplifier For GPS time servers it is possible to mount the GPS antenna inside a window and have it perform adequately Avoid windows with metallic film coating that will inhibit GPS signals and ensure th
65. time GPS time is maintained by an en semble of high performance cesium beam atomic frequency standards located on the earth s surface GPS Master Clock Ensemble GPS time is measured relative to UTC as maintained by the United States Naval Observatory USNO and maintained synchronous with UTC USNO except that it does not suffer from the periodic insertion of leap seconds Such discontinuities would unnecessarily complicate the system s navigation mission Contained in the data transmitted from each satellite is the current offset between GPS time and UTC USNO This offset is composed of the current integer number of leap seconds difference and a small residual error that is typically less than 10 nanosec onds Each satellite in the constellation contains redundant cesium beam or rubidium vapor atomic frequen cy standards These provide the timebase for all transmissions from each satellite These transmis sions are monitored from ground stations located around the world and carefully measured relative to GPS time The results of these measurements for each satellite are then uploaded to that satellite so that they may be incorporated into the data contained in its transmissions The receiver can use this data to relate the time of arrival of the received transmissions from that satellite to GPS time All of this means that during normal operation the source of the timing information being transmitted from each of the satellites is direc
66. updaterootflag This command allows you to update the configuration of the Linux bootloader after a new root file system image has been written to the UPGRADE root file system partition of the Sonoma FLASH disk You may also use it to reset the default back to the FACTORY root file system partition Refer to Appendix B Upgrading the Firmware for detailed instructions for performing the upgrade procedure One argument is accepted whose value is either 0 or 1 which causes a flag to be set that indicates to the bootloader which root file system image should be loaded by default If an argument value of 2 is given then the currently configured default root file system is shown Command updaterootflag 1 Sonoma reply Default Root File System now set to UPGRADE 85 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER NINE Command updaterootflag 2 Sonoma reply Default Root File System UPGRADE updatekernelflag This command allows you to update the configuration of the Linux bootloader after a new kernel image has been written to the UPGRADE kernel partition of the Sonoma FLASH disk You may also use it to reset the default back to the FACTORY kernel partition Refer to Appendix B Upgrad ing the Firmware Performing the Linux Subsystem Kernel Upgrade for detailed instructions for performing the upgrade procedure One argument is accepted whose value is either 0 or 1 which causes a flag to be set that indicates to the bootloader which kernel image should be loaded
67. you don t want to use the antenna for some reason In this case Sonoma can operate solely as a Stratum 2 server with no antenna con nected Since there are innumerable ways to configure your network with Stratum 2 servers specific insruc tions for how to do that are beyond the scope of this manual General instructions on how to edit the ntp conf file are below Edit ntp conf File You must edit the ntp conf file in order to point your Stratum 2 server at a Stratum 1 server Edit etc ntp conf and add your server line s See Appendix C Helpful Linux Information for information on a simple editor Here is an example server 192 168 1 1 Or if you have set up a domain name server via netconfig here is another example server your timeserver com IMPORTANT Do not remove the server lines for the refclock Even if your Time Server is not connected to an antenna the refclock server lines must remain Now save the edited file and copy it to the non volatile flash partition with this command cp p etc ntp conf boot etc Mask Alarm In Stratum 1 operation an alarm will be indicated when there is a loss of signal or if the antenna is not connected For Stratum 2 operation you may not want to see these alarms You can mask them prevent them from showing by using the console port serial network commands setsigfltmask and setantfltmask 20 Sonoma User Manual Setting Up NTP Clients on Unix like Platforms NETWORK TIME
68. you must know which of the trusted keys it is using for broadcast multicast operation The example Sonoma configuration shown in Configuring the NTP Server above will be assumed in the example configuration commands shown here You have installed NTP on your client computer You have successfully performed the Unix like Platforms MD5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup on your client computer if you plan to use MD5 authentication Configure NTP Client for Broadcast You must edit the ntp conf file which ntpd the NTP daemon looks for by default in the etc direc tory Assuming that your Sonoma server has been configured to use key 2 for broadcast authentica tion as shown in the example in Configuring the NTP Server above make sure that key 2 is included in the trustedkey line and add this line to the end of ntp conf file broadcastclient If you are not using MD5 authentication you would add these lines disable auth broadcastclient You may remove the line added previously in Unix like Platforms Basic NTP Client Setup server 192 168 1 120 the authenticated version added in Unix like Platforms MD5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup server 192 168 1 120 key 1 Configure NTP Client for Multicast You must edit the ntp conf file which ntpd the NTP daemon looks for by default in the the etc directory And add these lines for multicast multicastclient 224 0 1 1 or for IPv6 multicastclient 05 101 If you are not u
69. 20 W 0 08 158 14 200508 A 0D lt CR gt lt LF gt MsgID GPRMC Field 1 173831 00 UTC time of fix hhmmss ss Field 2 A GPS receiver warning A data valid V data not valid 99 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER TEN Field 3 3827 030 Latitude ddmm mmm Field 4 N Direction of latitude N north S south Field 5 12244 020 Longitude in dddmm mmm Field 6 W Direction of longitude W west E east Field 7 0 08 Speed over ground knots Field 8 158 14 Course made good degrees True Field 9 200508 Date of fix ddmmyy Field 10 empty field Magnetic variation Field 11 empty field Direction of magnetic variation Field 12 A autonomous mode N data not valid Checksum 0D Msg End lt CR gt lt LF gt VTG Course Over Ground and Ground Speed The VTG sentence identifies the actual course and speed relative to the ground Course over ground degrees Magnetic is not available Examples are below GPVTIG T N K N 61 lt CR gt lt LF gt GPVTG 158 14 T 0 08 N 0 14 K A 74 lt CR gt lt LF gt MsgID GPVTG Field 1 158 14 Course over ground Field 2 T Fixed text T shows degree True Field 3 empty field Course over ground not available Field 4 empty field Degrees Magnetic not available Field 5 0 08 Speed over ground knots Field 6 N Fixed text N shows speed over ground is in knots Field 7 0 14 Speed over ground km hr Field 8 K Fixed text shows speed over ground is in km hr Field 9 A A autonomous mode N data
70. 9 0000 000 Revision 2 July 2015 Copyright EndRun Technologies 2013 2015 Sonoma User Manual About This Manual This manual will guide you through simple installation and set up procedures Introduction The Sonoma N12 how it works where to use it its main features Basic Installation How to connect configure and test your Sonoma with your network NTP Server and Client Set Up Two client sections one for Unix like platforms and one for Windows Network Protocols Covers Security SNMP HTTP IPv6 and PTP IEEE 1588 Console Port Description of the console commands for use over the network and serial ports Options Description of any optional features that your Sonoma might have If you detect any inaccuracies or omissions please inform us EndRun Technologies cannot be held responsible for any technical or typographical errors and reserves the right to make changes to the product and manuals without prior notice Warranty This product manufactured by EndRun Technologies is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of three years from date of shipment under normal use and service Dur ing the warranty period EndRun Technologies will repair or replace at its option products which prove to be defective For warranty service or repair this product must be returned to EndRun Technologies Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to send product to EndRun Technologies and EndRun Technologies sha
71. CR gt lt LF gt GPGSA A 3 18 3 22 6 9 14 19 32 17 1 2 0 1 2 1 6 10 lt CR gt lt LF gt MsgID GPGSA Field 1 A Fixed text A shows auto selection of 2D or 3D fix Field 2 3 Fix type 1 fix not available 2 2D fix 3 3D fix Field 3 18 PRN of SV used for fix on channel 1 empty if no SV Field 4 3 PRN of SV used for fix on channel 2 empty if no SV Field 5 22 PRN of SV used for fix on channel 3 empty if no SV Field 6 6 PRN of SV used for fix on channel 4 empty if no SV Field 7 9 PRN of SV used for fix on channel 5 empty if no SV Field 8 14 PRN of SV used for fix on channel 6 empty if no SV Field 9 19 PRN of SV used for fix on channel 7 empty if no SV Field 10 32 PRN of SV used for fix on channel 8 empty if no SV Field 11 17 PRN of SV used for fix on channel 9 empty if no SV Field 12 1 PRN of SV used for fix on channel 10 empty if no SV Field 13 empty field PRN of SV used for fix on channel 11 empty if no SV Field 14 empty field PRN of SV used for fix on channel 12 empty if no SV Field 15 2 0 PDOP position dilution of precision Field 16 1 1 HDOP horizontal dilution of precision Field 17 1 6 VDOP vertical dilution of precision Checksum 10 Msg End lt CR gt lt LF gt RMC Recommended Minimum Specific GPS Data The RMC sentence identifies the UTC time of fix status latitude longitude and date Examples are below GPRMC V 555555 N 53 lt CR gt lt LF gt GPRMC 17383 1 00 A 3827 030 N 12244 0
72. D GPS 200 almanac parameters which are used to relate GPS time to UTC The first line of output contains the current LS and future LSF leap second values and the GPS week number WN 1sf and day of week DN at the end of which the future leap second will take effect This could be in the past if a leap second insertion has recently taken place Leap second events occur every few years on either June 30 or December 31 The second line of output contains the parameters for calculating the small residual offset between the GPS master clock ensemble and UTC USNO This is typically less than 10 nanoseconds The remaining output shows the current value of the GPS UTC offset Command gpsutcinfo Sonomareply GPS UTC Almanac Parameters LS 16 LSF 16 15 1694 DN 7 a0 9 313226e 10 al 1 243450e 14 t 1727 t ot 61440 Current GPS UTC Offset GPS UTC 16 3 810e 09 s WN 1726 TOW 434757 gpsversion This command displays the firmware and hardware versions of the GPS Subsystem Command gpsversion Sonoma reply F W 6010 0071 000 Ver 1 00 FPGA 6020 0012 000 Ver 01 JAN 15 17 03 27 2013 help This command displays list of the Sonoma commands not Linux commands To get help on a particular command you would type he1p followed by the command Command help Sonoma reply Sonoma commands are displayed Command help gpsstat Sonoma reply Information specific to the gpsstat command is displayed 77
73. DS accessconfig This command starts an interactive script that will allow the root user to configure access limitation via telnet ssh and snmp to the Sonoma By default the unit is configured to allow access by all users If you need to limit te1net ssh or snmp access e g for security reasons you must run this script as root from either the RS 232 serial I O port or a telnet or ssh session This script modifies these files etc hosts allow and etc hosts deny These are non volatilely stored in the FLASH disk boot etc directory You must reboot the Sonoma after running this script for the changes to take effect Command accessconfig Sonomareply Interactive script is started antfltmask This command displays the current setting for the Antenna Fault Mask Command antfltmask Sonoma reply Antenna Fault is ENABLED caldelay This command displays the current calibration delay setting The allowable calibration delay range is 500 000 nanoseconds Command caldelay Sonoma reply 0 nanoseconds cpuio Optional See Chapter 10 Options CPU Module Options for information on this command cpuioconfig Optional See Chapter 10 Options CPU Module Options for information on this command cpustat This command shows a group of key values for monitoring the health of the Linux CPU and operat ing system status The format is YYYYMMDD HH MM SS LLL FREEkB TT TC Where YYYY is the year of the UTC timestamp of th
74. EE 1588 specifications are listed above DC Power Input 12 VDC 10 20 VDC 6 0A maximum 24 VDC 19 36 VDC 3 0A maximum 48 VDC 37 76 VDC 2 0A maximum 125 VDC 70 160 VDC 1 0A maximum 3 position terminal block on rear panel DC IN SAFETY GROUND DC IN Floating power input Either or can be connected to earth ground See Chapter 10 Options DC Power Input for more information Dual Redundant Power Supplies Any combination of Universal AC and or DC supplies See Chapter 10 Options Dual Redundant Power Supplies for more information 1 PPS Output Positive TTL pulse 50 or RS 422 levels Width User selectable to 20 us 1 ms 100 ms 500 ms Accuracy 30 nanoseconds RMS to UTC USNO when locked Stability TDEV 20 ns x 10 seconds Connector TTL Rear panel BNC jack labeled 1PPS Connector RS 422 Rear panel DB 9M connector labeled 1PPS RS 422 Pinout RS 422 Pin 3 is signal Pin 6 is signal Pin 5 is GND See GPS UTC Timing Specifications for details Note To change the pulse width refer to Chapter 10 Options AM Code Output 1 Vrms 500 1 KHz carrier Signal Amplitude modulated AM 3 1 ratio Format User selectable to IRIG B 120 IEEE 1344 122 123 NASA 36 2137 Connector Rear panel BNC jack labeled Note To change the time code format refer to Chapter 10 Options DC Code Output Positive TTL pulse 500 Signal TTL DC
75. EndRun TECHNOLOGIES Sonoma 1 2 Network Time Server GPS Synchronized User Manual USM3029 0000 000 Revision 2 July 2015 Sonoma 12 GPS Network Time Server User Manual Preface Thank you for purchasing the Sonoma Network Time Server Our goal in developing this product is to bring precise Universal Coordinated Time UTC into your network quickly easily and reliably Your new Time Server is fabricated using the highest quality materials and manufacturing processes available today and will give you years of troublefree service About EndRun Technologies EndRun Technologies has been dedicated to the development and refinement of the technologies required to fulfill the demanding needs of the time and frequency community since 1998 The instruments produced by EndRun Technologies have been selected as the timing reference for such rigorous applications as computer synchronization research institutions aerospace network quality of service monitoring satellite base stations and calibration laboratories Trademark Acknowledgements Linux UNIX and Windows are registered trademarks of the respective holders EndRun Contact Information Address EndRun Technologies 2270 Northpoint Parkway Santa Rosa CA 95407 U S A Phone 707 573 8633 Fax 707 573 8619 Sales 1 877 749 3878 or 707 573 8633 sales endruntechnologies com Support 1 877 749 3878 or 707 573 8633 support endruntechnologies com Part No USM302
76. H YOU SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECES SARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION 12 INNO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAM AGES INCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAM AGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES 121 Sonoma User Manual NTP Software License Apache Software License APPENDIX D Information about the NTP Project led by Dr David Mills can be found at www ntp org The distribution and usage of the NTP software is allowed as long as the following copyright notice is included in our documentation The following copyright notice applies to all files collectively called the Network Time Protocol Ver sion 4 Distribution Unless specifically declared otherwise in an individual file this notice applies as if the text was explicitly included in the file ok ke sk a Copyrig
77. HCP Disabled Disabled DNS Address 192 168 1 205 0 0 0 0 Address Gateway 192 168 1 1 0 0 0 0 Netmask 255 255 255 0 0 0 0 0 57 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER SEVEN Page Descriptions Home Overall Status Page Data fields for this page are described below Overall Status Model Sonoma N12 Serial Number Serial number of the Sonoma N12 This field will not be shown for units shipped before August 2015 UTC Time The current UTC date and time is shown This date will show year 1980 if UTC Date the time has not yet been acquired Receiver This is the locked status of the GPS Subsystem Receiver as follows WRM Warmup period for units with oscillator upgrades ACQ Acquring Searching for a signal LKG Locking to the GPS signal LKD Locked Fully synchronized to signal Stratum The NTP stratum field has these possible values Stratum 1 The server is fully synchronized and accurate Stratum 2 The server is synchronized to a Stratum server Stratum x The server is synchronized to a Stratum x 1 server Stratum 16 The server is unsynchronized NTP clients will not use a Stratum 16 server System Status This field indicates whether a system fault exists Possible values are OK and FAULT If it shows FAULT then go to the Faults Page to see which particular fault is the problem CPU Statistics Current CPU temperature CPU free memory and CPU load average are all shown Home User Manval This link provides access to the
78. Internet standard which supports both view based access control and user based security using modern encryption techniques Previous versions v1 and v2c supported access control essentially via passwords transmitted over the network in plain text Refer to Chapter 6 SNMP and Restrict Access Telnet SSH and SNMP below for details SNMP may also be completely disabled See Disable SNMP SSH and HTTPS below e Individual host access to protocol server daemons in telnetd snmpd or sshd are controlled by directives contained in the files etc hosts allow and etc hosts deny which are configured using the interactive script accessconfig See Restrict Access Telnet SSH and SNMP below e Insecure protocols like Time Daytime and Telnet may be completely disabled by configuration of the inetd super server daemon using the interactive script inetdconfig See Disable Telnet Time and Daytime below The following paragraphs describe how to restrict SNMP SSH Telnet and HTTPS access to specific hosts Also described is how to restrict NTP query access Restrict Access Telnet SSH and SNMP By default the Sonoma is configured to allow access by all users via Telnet SSH and SNMP To ensure security and to protect against denial of service attacks you should restrict access by using the accessconfig command accessconfig modifies two files etc hosts allow and etc hosts deny which are used by tepd and the standalone daemons snmpd and sshd to d
79. MED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR TS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation For more information on the Apache Software Foundation please see lt http www apache org gt Portions of this software are based upon public domain software originally written at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois Urbana Champaign 123 Sonoma User Manual PTP Software License APPENDIX D The PTP IEEE 1588 option as implemented in the Sonoma is covered by patents and copyrights For patents that pertain to the Std No 1588 see the IEEE Standards Association at http standards 1eee org db patents pat1390 html Information about the PTP Project led by Kendall Correll can be found at ptpd sourceforge net The distribution and usage of the PTP software is allowed as long as the following copyri
80. Option About PTP Chapter Four Precision Time Protocol PTP IEEE 1588 This chapter contains the configuration and status information for the optional Precision Time Pro tocol PTP version 2 is supported The PTP protocol running on the Sonoma is a full Grandmaster Clock default profile implementation of the IEEE 1588 2008 standard The PTP IEEE 1588 protocol is an optional feature in the Sonoma Time Server Read Chapter 10 Options Software Options if you need information on how to install a software option To see whether this option is installed on your Sonoma use the get_sw_opts command Command get_sw_opts Sonoma reply 00000000000000000000000000000000 In this case there is no PTP option installed Contact EndRun Technologies if you would like to obtain PTP for one or both ports In the cases below PTP is installed Command get_sw_opts Sonoma reply 00000000000000000000000000000001 PTP installed on port 0 only or Sonoma reply 00000000000000000000000000000011 PTP installed on ports 0 and 1 The PTP implementation in the Sonoma is based on the distribution at the PTPd website http ptpd sourceforge net For more information about the ptpd daemon and to obtain PTP Slave software refer to the PTPd website When downloading PTP Slave software from the PTPd website be sure to obtain this ver sion ptpd 2 2 2 tar gz An excellent book which describes the PTP Master and Slave operation is Measurement Control
81. PROTOCOL NTP To configure your Unix like computer to use your Sonoma Time Server you must have success fully completed the NTP Server basic installation procedure described above It is expected that you are or have access to a capable Unix Linux system administrator and know more than a little about installing distributions from source code Installation must be performed by a user with root privi ledges on the system If you have access to a usenet news server many problems may be solved by the helpful people who participate in the Internet news group devoted to NTP at comp protocols time ntp Three methods of using the Sonoma with NTP clients on Unix like platforms will be described Basic This is the simplest and will operate without 5 authentication NTP beginners should always perform this setup first 5 This method is trickier only because MD5 keys must be set up and distributed accurately to the NTP clients in a secure way The Sonoma is factory configured to authenticate its replies to NTP MDS clients using its default set of keys Broadcast Multicast This method simplifies configuration of the clients on large networks since specific server addresses need not be configured in each client s etc ntp conf file It can be config ured either with or without MD5 authentication However it is highly recommended that authentica tion be configured when using broadcast multicast mode due to the relative ease with which a fake
82. PS Subsystem Upgrade 112 Appendix C Helpful Linux Information 113 ot an ads ahs eM aue ct ced Aa ek 113 Dinu Commandes sa ab Ren uS PERRA 113 Detailed Information Is Available 113 Change Password 4 4 eee n heme DEVAS ORM Oba RS OR A 114 List Active Processes Pr 114 NTP Monitoring and Troubleshooting 114 Text Edon c don 115 Change Log In 5 115 Query and Change Ethernet Ports 116 Redirect Syslog Files to Remote Host 116 Appendix D Third Party Software 117 GNU General Public License 117 NTP Software License 122 Apache Software License 122 Software License 124 Appendix E Installing the GPS 125 Antenna Location 125 GPS Anena Ki
83. PS cable is an RG 59 type RG 59 is a broad classification with wide variation in performance between cables from different manufacturers and for different applica tions EndRun supplies two specific cables Belden 9104 or Belden 1505A Both cables are double shielded low loss cables designed for the cable TV industry and have equivalent performance at the GPS frequency with loss of 10 dB 100 feet The difference between these two cables is the DC resistance which becomes important for very long cables Belden 9104 is constructed with a copper plated steel center conductor and an aluminum outer braid Belden 1505A is constructed of all solid copper conductors and has very low DC resistance For very long cables if the DC resistance is too high not enough voltage will be available at the end farthest from the Sonoma timeserver where the antenna and preamplifiers are installed For cable lengths less than 700 feet Belden 9104 is accept able Longer runs require Belden 1505A If you are responsible for the GPS installation and you are supplying the cable then you must make sure the cable you install is comparable to these cables with 10 dB or less of loss per 100 feet at 1 5 GHz If the cable length is longer than 700 feet you must make sure that the cable has equivalently low DC resistance to the Belden 1505A type Choosing an inferior cable type can cause a myriad of GPS reception problems You will also need preamplifiers if the cable length is g
84. PS has two ethernet interfaces called eth0 and ethl For each of IPV4 and IPV6 we will first configure eth0 and then eth1 You can choose to keep the existing configuration of either interface and reconfigure the other You can also choose to unconfigure either of the two interfaces if both are not needed in your application You will be able to reconfigure your system at any time by typing netconfig The settings you make now will not take effect until you reboot your Sonoma N12 GPS so if you make a mistake just re run this script before rebooting OH You will be prompted to enter your IPV4 IPV6 network parameters now kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Configure IPV4 for either eth0 or eth1 Answer yes to continue on and reconfigure either eth0 or eth1 for IPV4 Answer no to unconfigure both eth0 and eth1 for IPV4 Only the 4 loopback interface will be setup yles nlo After configuring your ethernet interfaces you should shutdown the Sonoma and reboot it by issuing this command at the prompt Sonoma N12 GPS root Sonoma_N12 gt reboot Verify Network Configuration If you are using the RS 232 serial I O port to communicate with the Sonoma you will be able to see the kernel generated boot m
85. SE CLAMP A FIGURE 1 GPS ANTENNA ROOFTOP MOUNTING GUIDELINES 131 Sonoma User Manual APPENDIX E GPS Antenna Rooftop Mounting Guidelines with LNA TIME SERVER TIME BASE FREQUENCY STANDARD APPLICATION APPLICATION GPS ANTENNA INNER O RING 7 ALIGNMENT TNC CONNECTOR m OUTER O RING GPS ANTENNA TNC CONNECTOR MOUNTING ADAPTOR MOUNTING ADAPTOR 4X CAPTURED SCREWS SHORT CABLE ff SHORT CABLE CONNECT END MARKED fi CONNECT END MARKED E d TO ANTENNA TO ANTENNA 7 GPS IN LINE AMPLIFIER GPS IN LINE AMPLIFIER ANTENNA CABLE f N disini PIPE HOSE Gute ROOF VENT PIPE D HOSE CLAMP FIGURE 2 GPS ANTENNA ROOFTOP MOUNTING GUIDELINES WITH PREAMPLIFIER 132 Sonoma User Manual INSTALLING THE GPS ANTENNA GPS Antenna Window Mounting Guidelines WARNING The tape used in Step 2 is difficult to remove and will be destroyed in the process Make sure your Sonoma can lock to GPS with the antenna in this window before proceeding Step 1 Separate antenna from outside mounting kit The 3 4 16 nuts and metal flat washer are not used with this mounting method Remove them from antenna if present Step 2 Cut off two strips of tape each approximately 1 long note clear backing on one side of tape
86. Sonoma N Seres Network Time Server 3029 222 Sonoma Series GPS Network Time Server 3030 222 Tycho Frequency Reference 3031 222 Tycho GPS Frequency Reference 3032 X 222 MendianGDMA Frequency Reference 3033 X Y YY ZZZ Meridian GPS Precision Time Rass Where X represenis power supply aoniigurallon YYY repren enis Iurallonal opilon aonilgurallon IE represceis ausiomerspealila CONFORMS TO THE FOLLOWING EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES Low Voltage Directive 2006 95 R amp TTE Directive 1999 5 EC EMC Directive 2004 108 EC RoHS Directive 2011 65 EC WEEE 2012 19 EC Supplementary Information afety EN60950 1 2006 A11 2009 A1 2010 A 12 2011 MC EN55022 2010 EN55024 2010 EN61000 3 2 2006 1 2 EN61000 3 3 2008 VCCI V3 2012 04 AS NZS CISPR 22 2009 A1 FCC Part 15 Subpart B Sections 15 107 and 15 109 Year Mark First Applied 2013 the undersigned hereby declare thatthe equipment specified above conforms to the above Directives and Standards Place SantaRosa CA USA Signature Hp Date 4 2 2013 Full Name LobSinger Position V P Hardware Engineering 145 Sonoma User Manual APPENDIX H This page intentionally left blank 146 Sonoma User Manual EndRun TECHNOLOGIES Special Modifications Changes for Customer Requirements From time to time EndRun Technologies will customize
87. Sonoma User Manual that is resident in the FLASH memory The most recent version of the User Manual is on the EndRun website at http www endruntechnologies com pdf USM3029 0000 000 pdf Home Logout Clicking on this link will immediately log you out of the Sonoma HTTPS Interface 58 Sonoma User Manual HTTPS INTERFACE Plots Page Information available on this page are performance statistics related to NTP Links on the right give access to the daily plot files going back up to 10 years Links on the left give access to performance statistics for CPU and Oscillator A sample data plot is shown below EndRun Smarter Timing Solutions TECHNOLOGIES Home Plots Receiver Clock yo Faults Network NTP PTP Firmware Sonoma Network Time Server GPS Synchronized ntpstat_20121230 20130106 png System NTP Daemon Stats NTP Plots OSC Plots Plot Directories CPU Plots 3600 wo Week_20121230 Week 20130106 um Week 20130113 E Week 20130120 Week_20130203 E Week_20130210 week 20130217 Week_20130224 Sent NIP Packets Plot Files NTP Offset to Receiver Subsystem B 2 3 4 Date U TC There are three types of data plots available for viewing CPU NTP and Oscillator The large data plot shown on any of the plot pages is the last data plot viewed This could be from any one of the three data types CPU NTP Oscillator All plot files are kept in directories There is one dire
88. Sonoma User Manval CHAPTER NINE inetdconfig This command starts an interactive script that allows you to configure the list of protocol servers which are started by the inetd super server daemon running in the Sonoma Three protocol servers may be configured Time Daytime and Telnet By default the unit is configured to start all of these protocol servers If you need to disable start up of some or all of these e g for security reasons you must run this script as root from either the RS 232 serial I O port or from a telnet or ssh session This script modifies the etc inetd conf file which is non volatilely stored in the FLASH disk boot etc directory You must reboot the Sonoma after running this script for the changes to take effect Command inetdconfig Sonomareply Interactive script is started kernelversion This command prints the current Linux operating system kernel firmware version Command kernelversion Sonoma reply 6010 0064 000 v1 00 Linux Kernel 3 2 2 Sonoma 2 Dec 19 01 08 43 2012 netconfig This command starts an interactive script that allows you to configure the IP network subsystem of the Sonoma By default the unit is configured to configure itself using the Dynamic Host Configura tion Protocol DHCP If you need to set up static IP configuration you must run this script as root from the RS 232 serial I O port during the installation process Refer to Chapter 2 Basic Installa tion Using netconfig to S
89. THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Warranty Repair If you believe your equipment is in need of repair call EndRun Technologies and ask for a customer service agent It is important to contact us first as many problems may be resolved with a phone call Please have the serial number of the unit and the nature of the problem available before you call If it is determined that your equipment will require service we will issue an RMA number You will be asked for contact information including your name address phone number and e mail address Ship the unit prepaid in the original container or a container of sufficient strength and protection to EndRun Technologies EndRun will not be responsible for damage incurred during shipment to us Be sure the RMA number is clearly identified on the shipping container Our policy is to repair the unit within 5 business days If it is necessary to order parts or if other circumstances arise that require more than 5 days an EndRun service technician will contact you Loaner units are not included as part of the standard warranty Repair After Warranty Expiration If the warranty period has expired we offer repair services for equipment you have purchased from EndRun Call and ask for a customer service agent It is important to contact us first as many prob lems may be resolved with a phone call Please have the serial number of the unit and the nature of the probl
90. User Manual NETWORK TIME PROTOCOL NTP you will see the ntpq exe command prompt ntpq gt Use the command peers to display the NTP peers which your computer is using One of them should be the Sonoma server which you have just configured You should verify that it is being reached You may have to con tinue issuing the peers command for a minute or two before you will see the reach count increment If you are using authentication you can verify that authentication is being used by issuing the com mand associations to display the characteristics of the client server associations In the auth column of the display you should see for the row corresponding to the Sonoma server If you see bad you should wait a few minutes to be sure that there is a problem since is the initial state of this setting If the bad indication persists then you must check your configuration for errors Typically this is due to a typing error in creating the ntp keys file on the client that causes a mismatch between the keys being used by the server and client If you transfer the file by tp or scp this shouldn t be a prob lem It is also possible to have a typing error in the ntp conf file that causes the needed key to not be included in the trustedkey list 31 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER THREE This page intentionally left blank 32 Sonoma User Manual EndRun C VAN TECHNOLOGIES
91. Windows ntpd For more precise timekeeping you should use ntpd An easy way to install ntpd is by using a third party NTP compilation A list for Windows is at this link 26 Sonoma User Manual NETWORK TIME PROTOCOL NTP http support ntp org bin view Main ExternalTimeRelatedLinks Configure NTP Directory path names are not given in the instructions below because there are multiple ways to install ntpd and multiple versions of Windows After installing ntpd you must edit the ntp conf file by adding a line similar to this server 192 168 1 120 This line tells ntpd exe to use the NTP server at address 192 168 1 120 in addition to any other servers which might also be configured in the ntp conf file Restart exe to have it begin using the Sonoma server By default the NTP installation pro gram installs ntpd exe as a service called Network Time Protocol and starts it You must use the Services utility in Control Panel to stop the Network Time Protocol service and then restart it Use the NTP utility ntpq exe to check that exe is able to communicate with the Sonoma From a console window after issuing the command ntpq you will see the ntpq exe command prompt ntpq gt Use the command peers to display the NTP peers which your computer is using One of them should be the Sonoma server which you have just configured You should verify that it is being reached You may have to continue issuing the peers
92. a free program will individually obtain patent licenses in effect making the program proprietary To prevent this we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone s free use or not licensed at all The precise terms and conditions for copying distribution and modification follow GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0 This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License The Program below refers to any such program or work and a work based on the Program means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a work containing the Program or a portion of it either verbatim or with modifications and or translated into another language Herein after translation is included without limitation in the term modification Each licensee is addressed as you Activities other than copying distribution and modification are not covered by this License they are outside its scope The act of running the Program is not restricted and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program independent of having been made by running the Program Whether that is true depends on what the Program does 1 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program
93. able are provided with each Sonoma shipment The serial cable is wired as a null modem adapter and can be used to connect the Sonoma to the serial port on your computer Detailed specifications on the ports including the RS 232 pinout are in Appendix H Specifications You do not need to know Linux in order to operate the Sonoma However for those interested the command shell used by the Sonoma is the Linux standard bash All commands and file names are case sensitive which is standard for Unix like operating systems For a brief description of some of the most useful Unix Linux commands see Appendix C Helpful Linux Information If you are unfamiliar with Unix like operating systems and you would like to be able to more closely monitor or optimize the performance of your Sonoma then you should consult good Linux reference books or the Linux Documentation Project at http www tldp org 69 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER NINE Available User Commands COMMAND FUNCTION accessconfig Interactive script that guides you in configuring telnet ssh and snmpd access to the Sonoma that is limited to specific hosts The resulting etc hosts allow and etc hosts deny files are saved to the non volatile FLASH disk Factory default configuration allows access by all hosts antfltmask Prints the current setting for the Antenna Fault Mask See the setant 1tmask command Prints the calibration delay See the setcaldelay command cpuio Returns
94. al HTTPS INTERFACE second insertion has recently taken place Leap second events occur every few years on either June 30 or December 31 AO Al These fields show the parameters for calculating the small residual offset WNt tot between the GPS master clock ensemble and UTC USNO This is typically less than 10 nanoseconds Current This is the current value of the GPS UTC offset which includes leap seconds GPS UTC plus the small residual offset explained above Time and date of most recently received satellite transmission containing this data is also shown Configuration Clock Calibration Clock calibration is used to advance or retard the clock in order to correct for GPS Receiver delay and any propagation delay due to GPS antenna cable It may also be used to compensate for the inherent time offsets that may exist with external hardware such as distribution amplifiers etc Calibration range 1s 500 000 nanoseconds Receiver Oscillator Page This page shows system oscillator control information such as Oscillator Status Oscillator Type This field shows the system oscillator type that is installed in the Sonoma It will be either TCXO standard OCXO option or Rubidium option DAC The system oscillator control DAC value indicates the frequency control setting The system automatically sets this value to remove frequency errors Values may range from 0 to 1 048 575 Values close to the minimum or maximum will set the DAC
95. am ntpq 1 standard NTP query program ntpsnmpd 1 NTP SNMP MIB agent sntp 1 standard SNTP program Now you can issue issue man commands on each of these man pages to find what you are looking for Change Password This command is used to change the password for the user that you are logged in as It affects the serial port SSH Telnet and HTTPS passwd List Active Processes This command displays all active processes running in the system ps e NTP Monitoring and Troubleshooting The following command displays which NTP clients are reaching the NTP daemon running on the Sonoma It will not try to look up host names ntpdc n c monlist A useful command for querying NTP status is the following ntpq peers To query a remote time server if the remote timeserver will accept the query type ntpq peers lt hostname gt A table of information will be displayed For details on what each of the table columns means type man ntpq To see what version of the NTP daemon ntpd is operating type ntpd version 114 Sonoma User Manual Text Editors Change Log In Banners HELPFUL LINUX INFORMATION There are three text editors resident on the Sonoma file system edit joe and elvis All of these may be useful when needing to edit system configuration files or to view and search within system log files edit is a very simple editor with Wordstar key commands that was originally developed for extremely memory limited enviro
96. and Command systemio Sonoma reply System I O Signal TIME CODE OUTPUT is Installed Current Setting IRIG B122 B002 Format Use the systemioconfig command to change the Time Code format You will be able to choose from among several different formats Command systemioconfig Sonomareply Interactive script is started so you can change the Time Code format Fixed Rate Output 10 MPPS etc The Fixed Rate Output Option provides a customer specified fixed rate output ranging from 1 PPS to 10 MPPS The rear panel connector will be labeled for the appropriate rate such as 10 MPPS or 100 PPS etc This signal is specified by the customer when the order 1s placed preset at the factory and cannot be changed For details on signal definition see Appendix H Specifications View the Fixed Rate Output Connector Use the cpuio command to view the optional outputs on the CPU Module This command will list any connector that has an optional I O signal Connectors are identified as A B or C Command cpuio Sonomareply CPU I O C 10M PPS OUTPUT is Installed 92 Sonoma User Manval OPTIONS Alarm Output The Alarm Output provides an open collector output that indicates when the GPS Subsystem has lost lock or when serious hardware faults are detected For a detailed description of the faults see Appen dix G System Faults Care should be taken not to directly connect this open collector output to a voltage source A series current limi
97. ar panel DB 9M connector labeled RS 232 To connect to a computer a null modem adapter must be used The serial cable provided with the shipment is wired as a null modem Pinout for the RS 232 console port is shown below Note For operational details see Chapter 9 Console Port Control and Status 140 Sonoma User Manval SPECIFICATIONS 2 Receive Data RX 3 Transmit Data TX Sonoma DB9M Pin Signal Name 9 Nor connected Size Chassis 1 75 H x 17 0 W x 10 75 D 19 rackmount Antenna 3 5 Dia x 2 5 H Weight lt 5 lb 2 70 kg Environmental Operating Temperature 0 to 50 C Storage Temperature 40 to 85 C Antenna Operating Temperature 40 to 85 C Operating Humidity 5 to 90 non condensing Storage Humidity 5 to 90 non condensing Maximum Operating Altitude AC 13 125 ft 4000 meters 12 24 VDC 13 125 ft 4000 meters 48 VDC 61 VDC Max 13 125 ft 4000 meters 48 VDC gt 60 VDC Max 6 562 ft 2000 meters 125 VDC 6 562 ft 2000 meters Power Basic Sonoma 10 watts Sonoma with OCXO 11 13 watts depending on ambient temperature Sonoma with Rb 16 23 watts depending on ambient temperature 90 264 VAC 47 63 Hz 1 0 A Max 120 VAC 0 5 A Max 240 VAC 3 Pin IEC 320 on rear panel 2 meter line cord is included 141 Sonoma User Manval APPENDIX H Options See Chapter 10 Options for more information Optional PTP IE
98. are rapidly being depre cated and probably have little business running over an IPv6 network The address autoconfiguration capabilities of IPv6 along with the Neighbor Discovery Protocol NDP make the DHCP protocol less important IPv6 networks The optional PTP IEEE 1588 protocol is also not available on IPv6 68 Sonoma User Manual Console Ports General Linux Operation EndRun ANE TECHNOLOGIES Chapter Nine Console Port Control and Status This chapter describes the Sonoma control and status commands used via the Linux console The console is accessed via any of the ethernet ports or the RS 232 serial port The Sonoma supports sev eral application specific commands for configuration and for monitoring the performance and status of the Linux and GPS Subsystems You do not need knowledge of Linux commands in order to operate the Sonoma However the So noma does support a subset of the standard Linux commands and utilities and it uses the bash shell which is the Linux standard full featured shell A wealth of information is available from a variety of other sources on Linux The Sonoma specific commands will be described in this chapter For a brief description of some of the most useful Unix Linux commands see Appendix C Helpful Linux Information Three interface ports are available on the Sonoma N12 Two are 10 100 1000Base T ethernet ports is an RS 232 serial port Network cables and a serial c
99. art it Use the NTP utility ntpq exe to check that ntpd exe is able to communicate with the Sonoma From a console window after issuing the command ntpq 28 Sonoma User Manual NETWORK TIME PROTOCOL NTP you will see the ntpq exe command prompt ntpq gt Use the command peers to display the NTP peers which your computer is using One of them should be the Sonoma server which you have just configured You should verify that it is being reached You may have to con tinue issuing the peers command for a minute or two before you will see the reach count increment You can verify that authentication is being used by issuing the command associations to display the characteristics of the client server associations In the auth column of the display you should see for the row corresponding to the Sonoma server If you see bad you should wait a few minutes to be sure that there is a problem since is the initial state of this setting If the bad indication persists then you must check your configuration for errors Typically this is due to a typing error in creating the ntp keys file on the client that causes a mismatch between the keys being used by the server and client If you transfer the file by tp or scp this shouldn t be a prob lem It is also possible to have a typing error in the ntp conf file that causes the needed key to not be included in the trustedkey list Wi
100. asswords To ensure security change the pass words or disable the protocols To change the passwords for SSH Telnet and HTTP use the passwd com mand To change the passwords community strings for SNMP see Chapter 6 SNMP By default all hosts are allowed access via SSH Telnet and SNMP To restrict access via these protocols to specific hosts see Restrict Access Telnet SSH and SNMP below All hosts are allowed access via HTTP as well To restrict access via HTTP see Restrict Access HTTP below To completely disable any or all of these protocols see Disable Protocols below The Linux operating system versions are shown in Appendix H Specifications Linux supports a complete set of security provisions e System passwords are kept in an encrypted file etc shadow which is not accessible by users other than root 4l Sonoma User Manual Restrict Access CHAPTER FIVE e Direct root logins are only permitted on the local RS 232 console or via SSH e The secure copy utility sep eliminates the need to use the insecure FTP protocol for transferring program updates to the Sonoma e HTTP access for system monitoring only is allowed only via SSL so passwords and session data are encrypted on the wire Access via HTTPS may be restricted or completely disabled See Restrict Access HTTPS and Disable SNMP SSH and HTTPS below e SNMP access for system monitoring only is configurable to provide the security of the latest ver sion 3
101. ast Multicast This method simplifies configuration of the clients on large networks since specific server addresses need not be configured in each client s nfp conf file It can be configured either with or without MD5 authentication However it is highly recommended that authentication be configured when using broadcast multicast mode due to the relative ease with which a fake NTP server can take over the clock setting of the broadcast multicast clients on the network Windows Basic NTP Client Setup The two most common NTP clients on Windows platforms are described below Information on other NTP Client software is available at http www endruntechnologies com ntp client htm Windows w32time Windows uses a time service called w32time which is automatically enabled by default during Windows installation w32time exe synchronizes time in different ways depending on the network implementation used When peer to peer networking is used then each individual workstation syn chronizes to the NTP Server However the most common method is with Windows Domain Networking In this case you must configure the Primary Domain Controller PDC to synchronize to the NTP Server All other servers and workstations in the domain synchronize to the PDC The default Windows installation procedure automatically configures workstations and servers to synchronize to the controlling PDC So only the PDC needs to be configured to synchronize to the NTP Server
102. at the window has a good view of the sky If you are in the Northern hemisphere then a south facing window is best and in the Southern hemisphere the opposite is true Your Sonoma needs to calculate its position in order to operate properly It only needs to do this once but it requires that four satellites are visible at least some of the time If your Sonoma has a limited view of the sky it may not be able to see the required four satellites so you will need to manually enter your position See Obtaining a Reference Position below for instructions Because of the reduced sky visibility that is characteristic of a window mount installation your time server may go through many hours without locking to a GPS signal This is fine as long as it locks at least once every 24 hours If the time server goes longer than 24 hours without locking then it will stop serving Stratum time An OCXO upgrade will allow the time server to go for much longer than 24 hours without receiving a GPS signal and is extra insurance for window mount installations Figure 3 shows a page of the Installation Guide for window mounting the antenna Complete guide is here http www endruntechnologies com pdf 5050 0016 000 pdf Your Sonoma is capable of operation from either an automatically determined GPS reference position or a manually entered GPS reference position If you need to provide a reference position to your So noma because you are using a window mounted an
103. atch the rest of the boot process to make sure that you have successfully recovered If the system boots normally then you should resolve the problems with the previous root file system upgrade and re perform it Performing the Linux Subsystem Kernel Upgrade First you need to download the Linux Subsystem Kernel firmware from the EndRun website to a place on your network which is accessible to the Sonoma The link to the Sonoma upgrade page is shown above Transfer File to Sonoma You may transfer the file to your Sonoma using either ftp or sep If you are using ftp transfer the previously downloaded file using binary transfer mode from the remote host to this specific file on your Sonoma tmp kernel gz The kernel image will be named with a software part number like 6010 0064 000 2 00 uImage When following the instructions below substitute the name of the actual kernel image that you are installing for 6010 0064 000 2 00 uImage Issue these commands from the console of your Sonoma ftp remote host perform ftp login on remote host bin set transfer mode to binary get 6010 0064 000 2 00 urmage tmp kernel gz transfer the file quit close the ftp session after transfer If you are using scp you may open a command window on the remote computer and securely transfer the kernel image from the remote computer to your Sonoma A command like this should be used scp p 6010 0064 000 2 00 urmage rootGhost your domain tmp kernel gz Now
104. be using will only access the upgrade root file system partiton When performing an upgrade you will be erasing and then copying the new image to this device First you need to download the Linux Subsystem RFS firmware from the EndRun website to a place on your network which is accessible to the Sonoma The link to the Sonoma upgrade page is shown above Some browsers will automatically unzip the file when downloading from the website Please make sure that the downloaded file size matches what the website says it should be Upgrading the partition with a too large file size will cause problems Transfer File to Sonoma You may transfer the file to your Sonoma using either ftp or scp If you are using ftp transfer the previously downloaded file using binary transfer mode from the remote host to this specific file on your Sonoma tmp rootfs gz The root file system image will be named with the software part num ber and version like 6010 0065 000_3 00 27 When following the instructions below substitute the name of the actual root file system image that you are installing for 6010 0065 000 3 00 gz Issue these commands from the console of your Sonoma ftp remote host perform ftp login on remote host bin set transfer mode to binary get 6010 0065 000 3 00 gz tmp rootfs gz transfer the file quit close the ftp session after transfer 107 Sonoma User Manual APPENDIX B If you are using sep you may open a command window on the remo
105. ce position to the unit so that it can operate with only one satellite in view If you have mounted the antenna in a window and can easily move it to the rooftop you should do that first Should you need to provide a reference position to the unit refer to Appendix E GPS Reference Position and the setgpsrefpos command for details If you are unable to achieve GPS lock after trying all of these suggestions then contact EndRun Cus tomer Support for assistance 7 Sonoma User Manual Installing the Sonoma CHAPTER TWO This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruc tion manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmul interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense Using standard 19 rack mounting hardware mount the unit in the desired location After mounting the unit and connecting the antenna cable verify that it still acquires and tracks a GPS signal Ground the unit properly with the supplied power cord The socket outlet should be
106. cify an MD5 key number to use with broadcast multicast mode yles Y Enter the MD5 key number to use 1 65534 2 kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk The Sonoma_N12 GPS Network Time Protocol configuration has been updated Please re boot now for the changes to take effect kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk 19 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER THREE Configuring the Sonoma as a Stratum 2 Server Operating the Sonoma as a Stratum 1 Server is the recommended mode However there are times when Stratum 2 operation is a good strategy 1 When you want a backup source of time In this case Sonoma will operate as a Stratum 1 Server as long as it is locked to the GPS signal If it loses the signal then Sonoma will start to drift away from perfect time Eventually when it has drifted 10 milliseconds it reach the unlocked con dition and stop serving time on your network If you have Sonoma configured for Stratum 2 opera tion then it will continue serving time using another Time Server as its reference If Sonoma is later able to acquire lock on the GPS signal again it will switch back to Stratum 1 operation 2 When you want your Sonoma to serve accurate time but
107. cillator Configuration DAC Char 1 GPS Antenna Subsystem GPS Reference GPS Receiver me ee Char 2 System Osc Secondary Power Primary Power PLL I LI Char 3 System Power Configuration The Primary and Secondary Power Supply bits are only used if your Sonoma has the Dual Redundant Power Supply option The example reply below indicates that there has been a period without tracking a GPS signal that exceeded the time out period that there was a FLASH Write Fault and that there is an Antenna Fault Command gpsstat Sonomareply LOCKED TFOM 4 2001 092 04 48 56 13 13 2 7 328605 41 6 008A gpstrkstat This command displays the current GPS Subsystem satellite tracking status A list of twelve satellite numbers along with azimuth elevation and C No is displayed for each receiver channel Satellite number 0 is an invalid number and indicates that no satellite is being tracked on that channel Valid satellite numbers range from 1 to 32 Azimuth and elevation are in degrees and C No is in dB 76 Sonoma User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS Command gpstrkstat Sonoma reply Ch SV Azimuth Elev C No 1 23 108 41 15 70 41 7 2 11 118 21 445 58 46 9 3 22 4107 41 421 04 37 9 4 14 452 10 429 76 40 4 5 32 40 36 58 18 45 2 6 1 79 14 55 53 46 6 7 31 4127 87 462 60 47 3 8 40 00 0 00 0 0 9 0 00 0 00 0 0 10 0 40 00 40 00 0 0 11 0 40 00 40 00 0 0 12 0 40 00 40 00 0 0 gpsutcinfo This command displays the IC
108. col server running in the Sonoma is based on the portable OpenSSH for Linux As such it supports both SSH1 and SSH2 protocol versions By default only SSH2 is enabled in the Sonoma due to security issues with SSH1 For more information about OpenSSH and to obtain cli ent software refer to the OpenSSH website http www openssh com An excellent book which describes operation and configuration of the various SSH implementations including OpenSSH is SSH The Secure Shell Barrett amp Silverman O Reilley amp Associates 2001 NOTE To disable the SSH protocol see Disable SNMP SSH and HTTPS above To restrict access see Restrict Access Telnet SSH and SNMP above Configure Keys On initial boot up from out of the box the SSH start up script etc rc d rc sshd will detect that no keys are present in the etc ssh directory It will call ssh keygen to generate a set of host keys and then it will copy them to the boot etc ssh directory These will be copied to etc ssh during each boot up A complete set of security keys for both SSH1 and SSH2 versions of the protocol are generated RSA keys are supported by both versions and DSA keys are supported when using the SSH2 version Should you need to replace your keys at any time you can just remove the keys from the boot etc ssh directory and then reboot the Sonoma A new set of host keys will automatically be generated To configure root logins to your Sonoma via passwordless public
109. com upgradesonoma htm After saving the file s use the Sonoma HTTPS interface to select one or more for upload to the Sonoma Then follow the remaining prompts from the HTTPS interface to complete the upgrade s You will need to enter root as the user name and enter root s password Upgrade from a local file that was previously downloaded from endruntechnologies com TTT Please wait after pressing Submit This may take about 60 seconds Wo Sonoma User Manual Upgrade via the Console Port UPGRADING THE FIRMWARE In order to upgrade via the console port network or serial you will need to first download the ap propriate firmware image from our website The Sonoma firmware consists of three different binary files You may only need one or two of them The revision history on our website will tell you which files need to be upgraded The three firmware image files are for the Linux Subsystem RFS root file system the Linux Subsystem Kernel and the GPS Subsystem Here is the website link http www endruntechnologies com upgradesonoma htm Performing the Linux Subsystem RFS Upgrade There are two FLASH disk partitions which hold the compressed Linux root file system images These partitions are raw FLASH blocks have no file system and may not be mounted They are accessed through low level device drivers To protect the factory root file system from accidental erasure or over writing the upgrade utilties you will
110. cooled 1 2 GHz CPU with two integrated Ethernet ports that provide NTP and optionally PTP This is called the Linux NTP Subsystem The drawing below shows Sonoma s time synchronization components GPS Subsystem GPS Receiver Module Receiver Processor 1PPS GPS System Subsystem 10MHz Processor T Oscillator 1PPS 10MHz Linux NTP Subsystem PTP optional 1 Sonoma User Manual GPS Timing How It Works Where to Use It CHAPTER ONE The GPS Subsystem in the Sonoma receives transmissions from satellites that are operating in compliance with the Navstar GPS Interface Control Document ICD known as GPS ICD 200 It specifies the receiver interface needed to receive and demodulate the navigation and time transfer data contained in the GPS satellite transmissions The GPS navigation system requires a means of synchronizing the satellite transmissions throughout the constellation so that accurate receiver to sat ellite range measurements can be performed via time of arrival measurements made at the receiver For the purposes of locating the receiver measurements of the times of arrival of transmissions from at least four satellites are needed For accurate time transfer to a receiver at a known position recep tion of the transmissions from a single satellite is sufficient The GPS system designers defined system time to be GPS
111. ctory for each week To choose a new plot to view use the selections on the right side of the page First click to select a directory Then you can either click to select one of the listed plot files or you can use your mouse to hover over one of the plot files Hovering over a plot file will display a small plot next to the large main plot In this way you can compare plots from different types to correlate data For example you can compare an NTP data plot with a CPU data plot Plots files can also be downloaded from the Sonoma as PNG files They can be found in the direc tory logs png 59 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER SEVEN Receiver Receiver Page This page contains information related to the GPS Subsystem Receiver Data fields are described below GPS Receiver Status State Shows the current state of the GPS Subsystem Receiver WRM Warmup period for units with oscillator upgrades ACQ Acquring Searching for a signal LKG Locking to the GPS signal LKD Locked Fully synchronized to signal TFOM Shows the current TFOM value See Appendix TFOM for more information Satellite ID This field lists the satellites that are currently being tracked Up to 12 may be tracked at a time Click on the Satellite Info link for details Average C No The carrier to noise ratio is an indicator of the GPS signal quality This number typically ranges from 30 to 45 dB when the Sonoma is locked GPS Dynamic This field shows whether the d
112. e Option Bit Definitions 90 CPU Module 90 Programmable Pulse Output PPO 91 View and Change the PPO 9 atu ETE 91 View and Change the 1PPS Configuration 9 Time Code OUIpUL 2o ea tee d Red Us ed eds 92 View and Change the Time Code Configuration 92 Fixed Rate Output 10 MPPS etc 92 View the Fixed Rate Output Connector 92 PA BUCO 93 View the Alarm Output Connector 93 Direct Digital Synthesizer DDS 93 View and Change the DDS 93 Serial Time Output xime 94 View and Change the Serial Time Configuration 94 Sysplex 94 Tr atime Format 3 oa 0689 ei enne 95 Format REL PI Ba cach ete 95 EndRunX Extended
113. e any thing that is normally distributed in either source or binary form with the major components com piler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies the executable If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribu tion of the source code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code 4 You may not copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program except as expressly provided un der this License Any attempt otherwise to copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance 5 You are not required to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License Therefore by modifying or distributing the Pro gram or any work based on the Program you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so and all its terms and conditions for copying distributing or modifying the
114. e last declared informsink in the file 51 Sonoma User Manual Configuration of SNMPv3 CHAPTER SIX IMPORTANT After editing etc smmpd conf you must copy it to the boot ete directory and reboot the system It is very important to retain the access mode for the file readable only by root so be sure to use p when performing the copy During the boot process the files contained in the boot ete directory are cop ied to the working ete directory on the system RAM disk In this way the factory defaults are overwritten If you are planning to use SNMPv3 you should definitely make use of the two resources mentioned previously NET SNMP website and Essential SNMP and study them carefully There are rather elaborate configuration options available when you are using v3 The instruction presented here will give you the flavor of the configuration but definitely not the full scope of possibilities To access your Sonoma via v3 of SNMP you will have to configure two files etc snmpd conf boot net snmp snmpd conf The first file contains static configuration parameters that the agent uses to control access and to de termine where to send notifications traps Other aspects of the agent s operation are also configurable in this file but you should not need to modify those To use the SNMPv3 capabilities of the Sonoma you must first set up user information and access limits for those users in etc snmpd conf Uncom ment and edit these
115. e most recent update 73 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER NINE MMDD isthe month and day of month of the UTC timestamp of the most recent update HH MM SS is the hour minute and second of the UTC timestamp of the most recent update LLL is the percentage of maximum load as returned using the Linux vmstat command is the available free memory in kilobytes as returned using the Linux vmstat command TT TC is the temperature in degrees centigrade of the Linux CPU die temperature Command cpustat Sonoma reply 20130116 22 24 00 23 320056kB 67 9C faultstat This command returns the summary of all system fault states in a user friendly format It decodes the fault status word FLTS returned in the gpsstat command and displays the result in a tabular form with verbose descriptions For details on the various faults see Appendix G System Faults Command faultstat Sonoma reply system Fault Status System Oscillator DAC gt OK GPS Signal gt OK FPGA Configuration gt OK FLASH Writes gt OK GPS Receiver Communication gt OK GPS Reference Time gt OK Subsystem Communication gt OK GPS Antenna gt OK System Oscillator PLL Unlocked gt OK System Power Configuration
116. e most recent update and the current leap seconds value systemio Returns the current settings for any installed system options optional See Chapter 10 Options CPU Module Options for more information systemioconfig An interactive utility that allows you to modify the settings for optional the system options See Chapter 10 Options CPU Module Options for more information systimemode Prints the time mode settings in effect for the any optional Time Code or Serial Time output See the syst imemodeconfig command systimemodeconfig Interactive utility that guides you in configuring the time mode settings for any optional Time Code or Serial Time output Allows setting to the LOCAL GPS or UTC timescale See the systimemode command Prints the Linux Subsystem root file system version informa tion updatekernelflag Command to update the flag stored in FLASH that is read by the Linux bootloader at boot time to select operation with either the factory installed or upgraded kernel Command to update the flag stored in FLASH that is read by the Linux bootloader at boot time to select operation with either the factory installed or upgraded root file system process Command that performs the GPS Subsystem firmware upgrade process wrt sw opt Command to enable a software option See Chapter 10 Op tions Software Options for information 72 Sonoma User Manual Detailed Command Descriptions CONTROL AND STATUS COMMAN
117. e network Sonoma User Manual co BASIC INSTALLATION If your network does use DHCP for host configuration and you are in a hurry to get your Sonoma up and running you may proceed to Verifying Network Configuration to make sure that the network parameters were set up correctly Otherwise it is recommended that you read the following sections on the use of the RS 232 serial I O port now since they will help you in debugging any problems that you may encounter with the automatic configuration via DHCP If your network does not use DHCP you will need to configure your ethernet interfaces using the RS 232 serial I O port The following sections contain brief descriptions on how to do that Configuring Ethernet with the Serial Port To configure your ethernet interfaces with the serial port after logging in as the root user you must run a simple script called netconfig This script will prompt you for the needed information and perform some syntax checking on your inputs Then it will create or modify the appropriate files needed to configure the ethernet interface The following sections will guide you in setting up com munications with the Sonoma using its RS 232 serial I O port Connect the RS 232 Serial 1 0 Port To test serial communications with the Sonoma you will need either a VT100 compatible terminal or a terminal emulation program running on your computer We will refer to either of these as termi nal for the remainder of this
118. e using binary transfer mode from the remote host to this specific file on your Sonoma tmp subsys bin The GPS Subsystem image will be named with the software part number and version like 6010 0071 000 3 01 When following the instructions below substitute the name of the actual GPS Subsystem image that you are installing for 6010 0071 000 3 01 You will be transferring the file to a temporary file tmp subsys bin on your Sonoma ftp remote_host perform ftp login on remote host bin set transfer mode to binary get 6010 0071 000 3 01 tmp subsys bin transfer the file quit close the ftp session after the transfer If you are using SSH to perform the GPS Subsystem upgrade you may open another command window on the remote computer and securely transfer the GPS Subsystem image to tmp subsys bin using scp from the remote computer A command like this could be used scp p 6010 0071 000 3 01 bin root host your domain tmp subsys bin Now issue the following command to the Sonoma console to initiate the upload upgradesubsys This command performs the file transfer to the GPS Subsystem You will see a file transfer progress message while it is performing the transfer After it completes wait about 40 seconds and issue this command to check the GPS Subsystem version gpsversion You should see a message like this F W 6010 0071 000 Ver 3 01 FPGA 6020 0012 000 Ver 01 JAN 12 15 30 58 2013 The firmware version shou
119. ecovering from a Failed Kernel Upgrade To restore your Sonoma to a bootable state using the factory kernel you must use the serial I O port and reboot the Sonoma by cycling the power Refer to Chapter 2 Basic Installation Connect the Serial I O Port and Test the Serial I O Port for setup details When you have connected your termi nal to the serial I O port apply power to the Sonoma Pay close attention to the terminal window while the unit is rebooting After the Linux bootloader displays the message Default kernel UPGRADE To override and boot the FACTORY version of the kernel type FACTORY within 5 seconds 110 Sonoma User Manval UPGRADING THE FIRMWARE you must begin typing factory within five seconds to let the bootloader know that you are going to override the default kernel After you hit lt enter gt the bootloader will boot the factory kernel Watch the rest of the boot process to make sure that you have successfully recovered If the system boots normally then you should resolve the problems with the previous kernel upgrade and re perform it Performing the GPS Subsystem Upgrade First you need to download the GPS Subsystem firmware from the EndRun website to a place on your network which is accessible to the Sonoma The link to the Sonoma upgrade page is shown above You may transfer the file to your Sonoma using either ftp or scp If you are using ftp to perform the upgrade transfer the previously downloaded fil
120. efpos gpsstat gpstrkstat gpsutcinfo gpsversion Sonoma User Manual ales M Wend eae eran ptpconfig0 and ptpconfig Optional 64 ptpstatO and ptpstatl Optional BI pwrfltmask Optional D ease veel od eta weed vated E S tae
121. eloped a specification that defines the interface between various pieces of marine electronic equipment This standard defines sentences that contain GPS position navigation time and other information Sentences that have been imple mented in the Sonoma conform to NMEA 0183 Specification Version 3 01 and are GGA GLL GSA RMC VTG and ZDA Your Sonoma can output one two or three of these sentences per second Not all information defined in the NMEA sentences is available from the GPS Receiver resident in the Sonoma Following are the definitions for the NMEA sentences as implemented in this product NOTE Up to 3 sentences may be transmitted per second The first character 8 of the first sentence is the on time character Once the unit is locked to GPS the on time character starts transmitting within the first 20 microseconds of each second GGA GPS Fix Data The GGA sentence contains the time position and fix related data EndRun does not calculate mean sea level Examples are below GPGGA 0 00 M 2B lt CR gt lt LF gt GPGGA 173423 00 3827 030 N 12244 020 W 1 08 1 2 14 5 M 0000 72 lt CR gt lt LF gt MsgID GPGGA Field 1 173423 00 UTC time of fix hhmmss ss Field 2 3827 030 Latitude ddmm mmm Field 3 N Direction of latitude N north S south Field 4 12244 020 Longitude in dddmm mmm Field 5 W Direction of longitude W west E east Field 6 1 Fix quality indicator O fix not
122. em available before you call If it is determined that the equipment has failed and you want EndRun to perform the repairs we will issue you an RMA number Ship the unit prepaid in the original container or a container of sufficient strength and protection to EndRun Technologies EndRun will not be responsible for damage incurred during shipment to us Customer is responsible for shipping costs to and from EndRun Technologies Be sure the RMA number is clearly identified on the shipping container After the equipment has been received we will evaluate the nature of the problem and contact you with the cost to repair parts and labor and an estimate of the time necessary to complete the work Limitation of Liability The remedies provided herein are Buyer s sole and exclusive remedies EndRun Technologies shall not be liable for any direct indirect special incidental or consequential damages whether based on contract tort or any other legal theory Sonoma User Manual Table of Contents Preface M d ou NEM ar Seb i About EndRun Technologies i Trademark Acknowledgements i EndRun Contact Information i About This Manual ii dn vau vio ii Extended Warran o
123. ent You can verify that authentication is being used by issuing the command associations to display the characteristics of the client server associations In the auth column of the display you should see for the row corresponding to the Sonoma server If you see bad you should wait a few minutes to be sure that there is a problem since is the initial state of this setting If the bad indication persists then you must check your configuration for errors Typically this is due to a typing error in creating the etc ntp keys file on the client that causes a mismatch between the keys being used by the server and client If you transfer the file by tp or sep this shouldn t be a problem It is also possible to have a typing error in the etc ntp conf file that causes the needed key to not be included in the trustedkey list Unix like Platforms Broadcast Multicast NTP Client Setup Broadcast multicast client setup is relatively simple if You have been able to successfully communicate with the Sonoma on your network Your Sonoma has been configured to perform broadcasts or multicasts by running the ntpconfig shell script This is not the factory default configuration so be sure to run ntpconfig If you going to use MDS authentication your Sonoma must have been configured to operate with authenti 23 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER THREE cation in the broadcast multicast mode and
124. entered all of the keys that you need enter zero at the next prompt for a key number MD5 keys may contain from 1 to 31 ASCII characters They may not contain contain SPACE TAB LF NULL or characters If the key is longer than 20 characters then only the valid hexadecimal characters 0 9 a b may be used Enter a key number 1 65534 or 0 to quit 1 Enter the key 1 31 ASCII characters EndRun Technologies Writing key number 1 and Key EndRun_Technologies to ntp keys Enter a key number 1 65534 or 0 to quit 2 Enter the key 1 31 ASCII characters Sonoma Writing key number 2 and Key Sonoma to ntp keys Enter a key number 1 65534 or 0 to quit 0 NTP Authentication Configuration Do you want authentication enabled using some or all of the keys in the ntp keys file yles nlo 18 Sonoma User Manual NETWORK TIME PROTOCOL NTP You will be prompted for the key numbers 1 65534 that you want NTP to trust The key numbers you enter must exist in your ntp keys file If you do not want to use some of the keys in your ntp keys file do not enter them here NTP will treat those keys as untrusted Clients that use any of the trusted keys in their NTP polling packets will receive authenticated replies from the Sonoma_N12 GPS When you have entered all of the trusted keys that you need enter zero at the next prompt for a key number Enter a trusted key number 1 65534 or 0
125. er 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 1000 RX bytes 829805 810 3 KiB TX bytes 50242 49 0 KiB Interrupt 11 eth1 Link encap Ethernet HWaddr 00 0e fe 01 00 1d inet addr 192 168 5 1 Bcast 192 168 5 255 Mask 255 255 255 0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU 1500 Metric 1 RX packets 10143 errors 0 dropped 970 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 1000 RX bytes 881081 860 4 KiB TX bytes 0 0 0 B Interrupt 15 lo Link encap Local Loopback inet 127 0 0 1 Mask 255 0 0 0 inet6 addr 1 128 Scope Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU 16436 Metric 1 RX packets 5808 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 5808 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 0 RX bytes 728178 711 1 KiB TX bytes 728178 711 1 KiB Pay particular attention to the settings shown for and eth1 in particular the Mask setting which should match that which is appropriate for your network Now check the remaining configura tion parameters using route Sonoma N12 GPS root host gt route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default 192 168 1 1 0 0 0 0 UG 1 0 0 etho loopback 255 0 0 0 U 0 0 0 lo localnet 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 etho 192 168 5 0 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 eth1 Here you are interested in the default gateway address It should match the appropriate one for your network If so then the ethernet interface of your Sonoma has
126. ess new problems or concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Founda tion If the Program does not specify a version number of this License you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation 10 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution condi tions are different write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Foundation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY 11 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRAN TIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WIT
127. essages when the unit reboots You should note the lines Configuring ethO as 192 168 1 120 Configuring eth1 as 192 168 5 1 If you have set up a static IP address or these lines Attempting to configure eth0 by contacting a DHCP server Attempting to configure eth1 by contacting a DHCP server if you are using DHCP These appear near the end of the kernel generated boot messages If you are using DHCP and are not using the RS 232 serial I O port you will have to check the DHCP configuration information maintained by your DHCP server to determine the expected IP ad dress and log in to the Sonoma using telnet or ssh to verify successful DHCP configuration Refer to the subsequent topics in this section Using Telnet and Using SSH for details on logging in to the Sonoma that way Once you have logged in you may perform the following checks 12 Sonoma User Manval BASIC INSTALLATION If you are not using DHCP the IP address shown should match the static IP address which you entered during the netconfig procedure If so log in as root at the login prompt and check the other configuration parameters using ifconfig Sonoma N12 GPS root host gt ifconfig etho Link encap Ethernet HWaddr 00 0e fe 01 00 1c inet addr 192 168 1 120 Bcast 192 168 1 255 Mask 255 255 255 0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST 0 1500 Metric 1 RX packets 9694 errors 0 dropped 970 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 459 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carri
128. et Up Your IP for details on the use of the command This script creates or modifies these files etc HOSTNAME etc hosts etc networks etc resolv conf and etc rc d rc inet1 conf of these are non volatilely stored in the FLASH disk boot etc direc tory You must reboot the Sonoma after running this script for the changes to take effect Command netconfig Sonomareply Interactive script is started ntpconfig This command starts an interactive script that allows you to configure the NTP Subsystem of the Sonoma By default the unit is configured to authenticate its replies to clients using its default MD5 keys in the etc ntp keys file If you need to create your own MDS keys recommended or set up broadcast multicast operation you must run this script as root Refer to Chapter 3 Configure the NTP Server for details on the use of this command The two files that are modified are etc ntp keys and etc ntp conf Both of these are non volatilely stored in the FLASH disk boot etc directory You must reboot the Sonoma after running this script for the changes to take effect 78 Sonoma User Manval CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS Command ntpconfig Sonoma reply Interactive script is started ntpstat This command provides some key information regarding the operation of the NTP daemon It shows the current offset between the NTP steered system clock and the GPS Subsystem the counts of re ceived sent and dropped packets and t
129. etermine whether or not to grant access to a request ing host These two files may contain configuration information for a number of protocol servers but in the Sonoma only access control to the protocol server daemons in telnetd sshd and snmpd is configured As shipped from the factory these two files are empty When you run accessconfig these lines are added to the etc hosts deny file in telnetd ALL sshd ALL snmpd ALL 42 Sonoma User Manual SECURITY This tells tepd to deny access to in telnetd sshd and snmpd to all hosts not listed in the etc hosts allow file The snmpd and sshd daemons also parse this file directly prior to granting access to a requesting host Next you will be prompted to enter a list of hosts that will be granted access to in telnetd sshd and snmpd These appear in the etc hosts allow as lines like this in telnetd 192 168 1 2 192 168 1 3 sshd 192 168 1 2 192 168 1 3 snmpd 192 168 1 2 192 168 1 3 This simple shell script handles the needs of most users however the syntax of these two files sup ports elaborate configuration possibilities which are beyond the capabilites of this simple shell script Advanced users who need these capabilities will need to edit these two files directly and then copy them to the boot etc directory See Appendix C Helpful Linux Information Using Editors Be careful to maintain the proper ownership and access permissions by using p when copying the files
130. ew the optional outputs on the CPU Module This command will list any connector that has an optional I O signal Connectors are identified as A B or C Use the sys temio command to view the Serial Time configuration Command cpuio Sonoma reply CPU I O A SERIAL TIME OUTPUT is Installed Current Setting See systemio command Command systemio Sonomareply System I O Signal SERIAL TIME OUTPUT is Installed Current Serial Time Output Baudrate Setting 9600 Current Serial Time Output Format Setting SYSPLEX Current Serial Time Output Parity Setting ODD Current NMEA Sentence 1 Setting NONE Current NMEA Sentence 2 Setting NONE Current NMEA Sentence 3 Setting NONE Use the systemioconfig command to change the Serial Time settings Command systemioconfig Sonoma reply Interactive script is started so you can change the Serial Time settings Sysplex Format Sysplex means SYStem comPLEX and is a term used to describe computing on clusters of comput ers The Sysplex option is designed to provide time synchronization for an IBM Sysplex Timer It can also be used for precise time synchronization by any computers that do not use NTP and have an available serial port connection The time contained in this string format is always UTC time The following string is sent once each second lt SOH gt DDD HH MM SSQ lt CR gt lt LF gt 94 Sonoma User Manual OPTIONS lt SOH gt is the ASCII Start of Header character 0x01 DDD
131. f the Sonoma 70 Sonoma User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS ntpconfig Interactive script that guides you in configuring the NTP Subsystem Allows configuration of MDS authentication and broadcast multicast mode All parameters are retained in non volatile FLASH disk storage ntpstat Prints the values of several key parameters indicating the status of the NTP daemon These include the current offset between the NTP steered system clock and the GPS Subsystem clock and the current counts of received packets sent packets and dropped packets In addition the current sent packet rate is shown oscctrlstat Prints the system oscillator disciplining parameters Used to change the password for the user that you are logged in as ptpconfigO Interactive script that guides you in configuring parameters for 1 the optional PTP IEEE 1588 protocol See Chapter 4 optional IEEE 1588 for more information ptpstatO Prints the status of the optional PTP IEEE 1588 Subsystem ptpstatl See Chapter 4 PTP IEEE 1588 for more information optional pwrfltmask Prints the current settings of the optional Dual Power Supply optional Input Fault Alarm Masks See Chapter 10 Options Masking Dual Power Supply Fault Alarms for more information serialnumber Prints the serial number of the Sonoma The serial number is not available using this command for units shipped before August 2015 setantfltmask Command to enable
132. f year of the UTC timestamp of the most recent update HH MM SS is the hour minute and second of the UTC timestamp of the most recent update LS Is the current number of leap seconds difference between the UTC and GPS timescales 16 at the time of this writing 75 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER NINE LF is the future at the next UTC midnight number of leap seconds difference between the UTC and GPS timescales 16 at the time of this writing 5 is the Signal Processor State one of 0 Acquiring GPS Locking 2 GPS Locked 9 Warming Up NN is the number of GPS satellites being tracked 0 to 12 EFCDAC is the system oscillator Electronic Frequency Control 20 bit DAC value 0 to 1048575 with larger numbers implying higher oscillator frequency Typical range is 320000 to 680000 C No is the received GPS Carrier Signal to Noise Ratio 0 00 to 99 9 measured in dB in a 1Hz bandwidth Typical range is 30 to 45 FLTS is the fault status for the GPS Subsystem This is a numeric value consisting of four hexadecimal characters where each bit indicates a particular system fault Assertion of any of these bits will light the Alarm LED Bit definitions are shown below Decoding the bits can be difficult for non programmers For a more user friendly method of reading the fault status use the faultstat command For details on each system fault see Appendix G System Faults 9 Char 0 FLASH Writes FPGA GPS Signal System Os
133. figuring these parameters in your terminal apply power to the Sonoma After about 20 seconds your terminal should display something similar to this e e e eee e eee e e ec e e ee e e ee e e ee e ke 6010 0066 000 Linux Bootloader v1 00 Jan 1 2013 21 24 16 kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Default kernel FACTORY To override and boot the UPGRADE version of the kernel type UPGRADE within 5 seconds Booting with FACTORY Kernel Default Root File System FACTORY To override and boot the UPGRADE version of the Root File System type UPGRADE within 5 seconds Booting with the FACTORY Root File System These lines are the Linux bootloader boot prompts These prompts will timeout after five seconds and the factory default Linux kernel and the factory default Sonoma root file system will be loaded When the Linux kernel is loaded from FLASH memory into RAM a long list of kernel generated informational messages is displayed as the kernel begins execution and the various device drivers are initialized When the boot process completes the Sonoma login prompt is displayed e e e e e e e e ee e He e IK IK IK IK IK e ke e e IK e e e ke e e e e e e ke ke e ke ke ke e ke ke ke e ke e ke IK ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke k ke ke k k ke ke k k k k k k k e e Welcome to Sonoma_N12 GPS console on Sonoma_N12 your domain Tue Feb 20 2013 21 47 03
134. finitely and a problem with the antenna is not evident then please contact EndRun Customer Support 137 Sonoma User Manval APPENDIX G GPS Subsystem FPGA Configuration FPGA This fault indicates that the GPS Subsystem is unable to configure the FPGA This is a fatal fault Please contact EndRun Customer Support GPS Subsystem FLASH Writes FLSH This fault indicates that the GPS Subsystem is unable to verify a write to the FLASH non volatile parameter storage area This should not ever occur under normal operation Please contact EndRun Customer Support GPS Receiver Communication RCVC This fault indicates that the GPS Subsystem is unable to establish communications with the GPS Receiver Please contact EndRun Customer Support GPS Reference Time REF This fault indicates that the GPS Subsystem received an erroneous time input from the GPS Receiver If the condition persists please contact EndRun Customer Support Subsystem Communication POLL This fault indicates that the GPS Subsystem is not receiving polling requests from the Linux Sub system This could be due to a hardware or software failure If the condition persists please contact EndRun Customer Support GPS Antenna ANT This fault indicates that the GPS antenna or cable has a fault It indicates either an over or under cur rent condition Usually it means that the antenna cable is not plugged into the connector on the rear of the Sonoma This fault may also occur
135. front panel status LED indicators it s easy to find out if your Sonoma will work in your desired location 1 Screw the TNC plug on the end of the antenna cable onto the TNC antenna input jack on the chas sis rear panel of the Sonoma 2 Plug one end of the supplied AC power cord into an 85 270 VAC outlet 3 Plug the other end into the AC input connector on the chassis rear panel of the Sonoma Place the antenna in a window or for best performance mount it on the roof using the supplied mounting hardware For detailed information on GPS antenna installation see Appendix E Install ing the GPS Antenna Initially upon power up 1 The unit will light the Alarm LED for about 10 seconds 2 Then it will continuously light the Sync LED 3 When the unit locks onto a GPS signal and begins to decode the timing data and adjust the system oscillator the Sync LED will flash very rapidly about a 6 Hz rate until the data is fully decoded and the system oscillator is fully locked to the GPS frequency 4 Then the Syne LED will pulse at precisely a 1 Hz rate synchronized to UTC seconds At this point the GPS Subsystem is fully synchronized and you may proceed to permanently mount ing the chassis and antenna in their desired locations If this sequence has not occurred within twenty four hours and you have mounted your antenna in a window or your rooftop installation has poor sky visibility you may need to provide an accurate ref eren
136. ght notice is included in our documentation The following copyright notice applies to all files which compose the PTPd This notice applies as if the text was explicitly included in each file Copyright c 2005 2008 Kendall Correll Aidan Williams Permission to use copy modify and or distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRAN TIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL DIRECT INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE 124 Sonoma User Manval EndRun C I TECHNOLOGIES Appendix Installing the GPS Antenna This appendix contains guidelines for installing the GPS antenna The majority of this appendix is devoted to rooftop installations The last sections contains information on a window mount installa tion and on obtaining a GPS reference position Antenna Location The location of the antenna must be chosen based on having as clear a view of the sky as possible Any obstructions such as buildings large me
137. gnize that and cease to use the unsynchronized server 103 Sonoma User Manual APPENDIX A This page intentionally left blank 104 Sonoma User Manual EndRun C I TECHNOLOGIES Upgrade via the HTTPS Interface Appendix B Upgrading the Firmware Periodically EndRun Technologies will make bug fixes and enhancements to our products available for download from our website All such downloads are freely available to our customers without charge You may securely upgrade your Sonoma firmware via the HTTPS interface or the console port network serial Software upgrades for the Sonoma are available at this link http www endruntechnologies com upgradesonoma htm The Sonoma firmware consists of three different binary files You may only need one or two of them The revision history on our website will tell you which files need to be upgraded The three firmware image files are for the Linux Subsystem RFS root file system the Linux Subsystem Kernel and the GPS Subsys tem Software upgrades via the HTTPS interface are simple with your choice of two methods 1 If your Sonoma has access to the Internet the HTTPS interface can automatically retrieve the appropriate files from the FTP server at endruntechnologies com to temporary locations on the Sonoma You will need to enter root as the user name and enter root s password Then follow the prompts from the HTTPS interface to complete each upgrade as needed
138. he boot process the files contained in the boot ete rc d directory are copied to working etc rc d directory on the system RAM disk In this way the factory defaults are overwritten You should be able to compile the SONOMA MIB file on your SNMP management system and access the variables defined therein The factory default community names are Sonoma for the read only community and endrun_1 for the read write community This is all that is required for operation under v1 and v2c of SNMP 8 Sonoma User Manual Configuring SNMPv1 Trap Generation Configuring SNMPv2c Notifications and Informs SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL SNMP Change Default Community Strings Passwords You can and should change the default community names by editing etc snmpd conf and modifying these two lines rwcommunity endrun 1 rocommunity Sonoma To have your Sonoma send SNMPv1 traps RFC 1215 you must configure the community and desti nation for SNMPvI traps by uncommenting and editing this line in etc snmpd conf trapsink trapcommunity trapport where trapcommunity should be replaced by your community and s the IP address or hostname of the destination host for receiving the traps generated by the Sonoma By de fault the trap will be sent to port 162 You may optionally add another parameter trapport to the end of the above line to override the default port setting Other
139. he sent packet rate The format of the response is YYYYMMDD HH MM SS S sssssssss RCVDCNT SENTCNT SENT sec DROPCNT Where YYYY is the year of the UTC timestamp of the most recent update received from the GPS Sub system MMDD isthe month and day of month of the UTC timestamp of the most recent update received from the GPS Subsystem HH MM SS is the hour minute and second of the UTC timestamp of the most recent update received from the GPS Subsystem S sssssssss is the offset in seconds between the NTP system clock and the GPS Subsystem clock Positive implies that the system clock is ahead of the GPS Subsystem clock RCVDCNT is a count of the number of NTP packets received since startup of the NTP daemon This is a 32 bit counter so it will wrap back to zero after 4 294 967 295 packets SENTCNT is a count of the number of NTP packets sent since startup of the NTP daemon This is a 32 bit counter so it will wrap back to zero after 4 294 967 295 packets SENT sec is the current rate of NTP packets being sent per second DROPCNT is a count of the number of NTP packets dropped since startup of the NTP daemon This is a 32 bit counter so it will wrap back to zero after 4 294 967 295 packets Below is an example of a typical response to this command Command ntpstat Sonoma reply 20130117 00 02 40 0 000000051 129127988 129015079 1594 4 sec 15 oscciristat This command displays the current values of the system oscillator control
140. he server including any passwords which are transmitted The HTTPS implementation is built from the standard Apache 2 4 10 distribution from http httpd apache org See Chapter 5 Security HTTPS for information on changing the default HTTPS configuration and SSL certificate and key IMPORTANT A domain name server address is required by the Apache web server When using net config see Chapter 9 Console Port Control and Status to configure the TCP IP parameters be sure to configure a name server Only one name server is required but two gives some redundancy The HTTPS Interface will not operate properly if this is configured incorrectly 8 Sonoma User Manual HTTPS Interface Description CHAPTER SEVEN For security reasons the web pages on the Sonoma show status and configuration information only You cannot change any operational settings however you can perform upgrades to the Sonoma firm ware which is done with several security measures in place To make other changes to the Sonoma you will need to use the command line interfact via either a network or serial port For proper operation your web browser must be configured to allow pop up windows To get started with the web interface simply point your browser to the IP address of the Sonoma and log in securely with HTTPS Following are examples for IPv4 and IPv6 IPv4 http 192 168 1 1 IPv6 http fe80 0 0 0 20e f3f fe01 1f Do not forget the brackets
141. his setting only affects any optional Time Code or Serial Time outputs To change the time mode setting use the syst imemodeconfig command via the console port Time Zone This field shows the offset from UTC and is only valid when the Time Mode is Offset Local A positive Time Zone Offset implies a longitude east of the Greenwich meridian To change the time zone use the syst imemodeconfig command Daylight Savings This field will show whether DST control is enabled or not Time DST fields are only used when the Time Mode is Local DST Start These fields will only display if the Daylight Savings Time field above shows DST End enabled If enabled then these fields show when DST starts and ends during the year For example in most of the U S A the DST Start Time is the 2nd Sunday in March at 2 a m The DST End Time is the 1st Sunday in November at 2 a m DST settings are used when the time mode is Local To change the DST settings use the systimemodeconfig command 1 0 Page This page shows any installed CPU Options and their settings These are optional outputs that are generated from the CPU Module in the Sonoma A basic Sonoma Time Server has no CPU Options installed Use commands cpuioconfig and sysioconfig via the console port to change the set tings of the CPU Options See Chapter 10 Options for information on the various options Faults System Faults Page This page lists all possible fault conditions of the Sonoma For details o
142. hreshold the IERS coordinates with the Bureau Inter national of the Hour BIH to schedule the insertion of a leap second into the UTC time scale The IERS publishes Bulletin C about 6 months in advance of each possible leap second insertion point Bulletin C confirms whether a leap second will or will not be inserted at the next possible insertion point The IERS website is http www Iiers org EndRun summarizes this information at this link http www endruntechnologies com leap htm 135 Sonoma User Manual APPENDIX F This page intentionally left blank 136 Sonoma User Manual EndRun C I TECHNOLOGIES Overview System Fault Definitions Appendix G System Faults The status of the Sonoma is constantly monitored and a fault will occur when any of several param eters is out of spec When this happens the Alarm LED on the front panel will light This appendix defines the various faults The Alarm LED will light when a fault has occurred You can see which fault is the problem by us ing the faultstat command Masking Faults Some faults can be masked These are the ANT GPS Antenna and SIG GPS Signal faults When masked these faults will not cause an alarm You may want to mask the ANT fault if you are using a GPS splitter You may want to mask the SIG fault if you are operating your Sonoma as a Stratum 2 server and are not using a GPS signal For information on Stratum 2 see Chapter 2 NTP Configur ing
143. ht David L Mills 1992 2006 Permission to use copy modify and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation and that the name University of Delaware not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific written prior permission The University of Delaware makes no representations about the suitability this software for any purpose It is provided as is without express or implied warranty X kk sk 2 The Apache server as implemented in the Sonoma is cover by copyrights See the license at http www apache org licenses LICENSE 1 1 Information about Apache can be found at http httpd apache org The distribution and usage of Apache is allowed as long as the following copyright notice is included in our documentation This notice applies as if the text was explicitly included each file The Apache Software License Version 1 1 Copyright c 2000 The Apache Software Foundation All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that
144. ine added previously in Windows Basic NTP Client Setup server 192 168 1 120 the authenticated version added in Windows MD5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup server 192 168 1 120 key 1 Configure NTP Client for Multicast You must edit the ntp conf file Assuming that your Sonoma server has been configured to use key 2 for broadcast authentication as shown in the example in Configuring the NTP Server above make sure that key 2 is included in the trustedkey line and add this line to the end of the ntp conf file multicastclient 224 0 1 1 or for IPv6 multicastclient ff05 101 If you are not using MD5 authentication you would add these lines disable auth multicastclient 224 0 1 1 or for IPv6 disable auth multicastclient 05 101 You may remove the line added previously in Windows Basic NTP Client Setup server 192 168 1 120 or the authenticated version added in Windows MD5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup server 192 168 1 120 key 1 Test Broadcast Multicast Restart exe to have it begin using the Sonoma as a broadcast or multicast server By default the NTP installation program installs ntpd exe as a service called Network Time Protocol and starts it You must use the Services utility in Control Panel to stop the Network Time Protocol service and then restart it Use the NTP utility ntpq exe to check that ntpd exe is able to communicate with the Sonoma After issuing the command ntpq 30 Sonoma
145. is owned by root and not readable by anyone other than root After transferring the file by tp and placing it in the etc directory on the client computer issue these two commands at the shell prompt chown root root etc ntp keys chmod 600 etc ntp keys 22 Sonoma User Manval NETWORK TIME PROTOCOL NTP Configure NTP You must edit the ntp conf file which ntpd the NTP daemon looks for by default in the etc directo ry Assuming that you have created two trusted keys as shown in Configuring the NTP Server Using the Network Interface or Serial Port above add these lines to the end of the ntp conf file keys etc ntp keys trustedkey 1 2 Modify the line added previously in Unix like Platforms Basic NTP Client Setup so that authenti cation will be used with the Sonoma server using one of the trusted keys in this example key 1 server 192 168 1 120 key 1 Restart ntpd to have it begin using the Sonoma server with MDS authentication Use the NTP utility ntpq to check that is able to communicate with the Sonoma After issuing the command you will see command prompt ntpq gt Use the command peers to display the NTP peers which your computer is using One of them should be the Sonoma server which you have just configured You should verify that it is being reached You may have to con tinue issuing the peers command for a minute or two before you will see the reach count increm
146. is the day of year is the colon character 0x3A HH is the hour of the day MM is the minute of the hour SS is the second of the minute Q is the time quality indicator and may be either lt space gt ASCII space character 0x20 which indicates locked ASCII question mark 0x3F which indicates the unsynchronized condition lt CR gt is the ASCII carriage return character 0x0D and is the on time character transmitted during the first millisecond of each second lt LF gt is the ASCII line feed character 0x0A Truetime Format The format of the Truetime string is identical to the Sysplex format The only difference between the two is that the Sysplex format always uses UTC time The time contained in the Truetime format depends on the time mode of the Sonoma For example if you want an output with this string format that uses Local Time then select the Truetime format EndRun Format The time contained in this string depends on the time mode of the Sonoma For example if you want the time in this string to be UTC then set the time mode of the Sonoma to UTC You can do this by using the console port see syst imemodeconfig in Chapter 9 Console Port Control and Status The following string is sent once each second T YYYY DDD HH MM SS zZZ m lt CR gt lt LF gt T is the Time Figure of Merit character described in Appendix A TFOM This is the on time character transmitted during the first millisecond of each second YYYY
147. ise MIB TIME and DAYTIME server TELNET client server FTP client DHCP client SYSLOG HTTPS PTP IEEE 1588 Option Supported IPv6 Protocols SNTP NTP v2 v3 v4 and broadcast multicast mode MDS authentication and autokey SSH client and server with secure copy utility SCP SNMP v1 v2c v3 with Enterprise MIB TIME and DAYTIME server HTTPS Note See Chapter 8 IPv6 Information for more details PTP IEEE 1588 Grandmaster Option IEEE 1588 2008 v2 with hardware timestamping Version 2 Parameters Default Profile Multicast Two Step Clock Delay Mechanism E2E or P2P Delay Interval 2 seconds Transport UDP IPv4 Sync Interval 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 or 128 packets 1 second Announce Interval 1 packet per 1 2 4 8 or 16 seconds PTP Timestamp Resolution 8 nanoseconds PTP Timestamp Accuracy to Reference Clock 8 nanoseconds Note See Chapter 4 PTP IEEE 1588 for more information Network I O Two rear panel RJ 45 jacks 10 100 1000Base T ethernet Two LEDs on each port indicate speed and activity Amber LED indicates activity Green LED indicates speed 1 pulse 10M 2 pulses 100M 3 pulses 1G System Status LEDs Sync LED Amber LED pulses to indicate GPS acquisition and lock status Alarm LED Red LED indicates a fault condition Serial Port I O Signal I O port at RS 232 levels for secure local terminal access Parameters 19200 baud 8 data bits no parity 1 stop bit Connector Re
148. ity Disable SNMP SSH HTTPS To restrict access to specific hosts see Chapter 5 Security Restrict Access HTTPS Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER SEVEN This page intentionally left blank 66 Sonoma User Manual EndRun C TECHNOLOGIES IPv6 Capabilities Chapter Eight Sonoma Time Servers support out of the box with a modern version 3 2 2 Linux kernel During network configuration you have the option to disable IPv6 on either or both Ethernet ports The IPv6 addressing scheme will see expanding deployment in the near future due to the fact that there are no longer any IPV4 addresses to be allocated in many regions of the world The presence of an IPv6 capable kernel will automatically enable most of the IPv6 capabilities By default autoconfiguration of the Ethernet interfaces via IPv6 Router Advertisements is enabled To disable acceptance of Router Advertisements or to configure a static IPv6 address and default IPv6 gateway and to configure IPv6 domain name servers you must run the interactive netcon ig script Either method will allow you to configure your Ethernet interface for both IPv4 and IPv6 operation Using the netcon ig script has the advantage that you can also configure the hostname and domain name for the unit OpenSSH By default sshd is factory configured to listen on both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses It may be forced to listen on either IPv4 only or IPv6 only by editi
149. kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Now reboot the system by issuing this command at the shell prompt reboot PTP Status Using the Network or Serial Port The ptpstat0 or ptpstat1 command allows you to query the status of the PTP Subsystem Fol lowing is the response to this command SI P2 DM DOM MODE TTL CLASS SCALE STATE CLKID UTC UTCV 159 161 FT Where V is the IEEE 1588 version 2 for the 2008 standard SI is the PTP sync interval either 1 1 2 1 4 1 8 1 16 1 32 1 64 or 1 128 seconds AI is the PTP announce interval either 1 2 4 8 or 16 seconds P1 is the PTP priority 1 in a range from 0 to 255 P2 is the PTP priority 2 in a range from 0 to 255 DM is the PTP delay mechanism either E2E or P2P DOM is the PTP domain in a range from 0 to 255 MODE is the PTP time mode either UTC or PTP TTL is the PTP multicast time to live in a range from 1 to 255 CLASS is the PTP clock class one of SYNCHRONIZED HOLDOVER or UNLOCKED SCALE 15 the PTP timescale either PTP or ARB STATE is the PTP port state one of MASTER PASSIVE LISTENING or INITIALIZING CLKID is the PTP clock source either GPS or OSC UTC is the PTP utc offset in seconds from TAI 36 Sonoma User Manual PTP Operation PTP IEEE 1588 UTCV is the PTP utc offset valid either TRUE or FALSE CA is the PTP clock accuracy one of 25ns 100ns 250ns lus 2 5us 10us 25us 100us 250us 1 ms 2 5ms 10ms
150. l be mounted on a moving platform like a ship then this setting must be changed to ON The change takes place immediately and is stored non volatilely It is important that the dynamic mode be set OFF when the instrument is in a static installation This is the factory default setting Set the dynamic mode to ON only if the instrument is installed on a moving platform such as a ship or aircraft Command setgpsdynmode ON Sonoma reply GPS Dynamic Mode is ON setgpsrefpos This command starts an interactive utility that allows you to set the accurate reference position of the Sonoma By default the unit is configured to locate itself using the GPS satellites In some situa tions visibility of the sky is limited and the unit will not be able to determine its position In this case you must determine an accurate WGS 84 position by other means and input it using this com mand If you need to set the accurate reference position you must run this utility as root The chang es take place immediately Refer to Appendix E Installing the GPS Antenna GPS Reference Position for details If the GPS dynamic mode setting is ON see gpsdynmode setgpsdynmode commands then running this utility will have no effect In addition to setting a new accurate reference position you can also invalidate an existing one This will force the Sonoma to re establish a new reference position using the GPS satellite constellation Command setgpsrefpos Sonoma reply
151. ld match that of the binary file that you uploaded 111 Sonoma User Manval APPENDIX B Problems with the GPS Subsystem Upgrade Should you have difficulties with the upgrade due to a corrupt file power failure during upload or other accident do not be alarmed Even though you may have lost the existing application program the GPS Subsystem bootloader program will remain intact Correct any problem with the binary file and retry the upload procedure If you are still unable to successfully perform the GPS Subsystem upgrade you should contact Customer Support at EndRun Technologies 112 Sonoma User Manual EndRun C VAN TECHNOLOGIES Linux Users Linux Commands Appendix C Helpful Linux Information You do not need knowledge of Linux commands in order to operate the Sonoma All commands nec essary for proper operation are described in Chapter 9 Console Port Control and Status However the Sonoma does support a subset of the standard Linux commands and utilities and it uses the bash shell which is the Linux standard full featured shell Very brief descriptions of some of the most use ful Linux information is described in this appendix Sonoma is shipped from the factory with two users enabled The first is the root user with pass word endrun_1 The root user has access to everything on the system including the ability to perform system setup procedures The other user is ntpuser with password Praecis
152. ll pay shipping charges to return product to Buyer However if returned product proves to be operating normally not defective then Buyer shall pay for all shipping charges If Buyer is located outside the U S A then Buyer shall pay all duties and taxes if any Products not manufactured by EndRun Technologies but included as an integral part of a system e g peripherals options are warranted for ninety days or longer as provided by the original equipment manufacturer from date of shipment Extended Warranty EndRun products are very reliable and rarely need to be returned to the factory for service After the initial warranty period it is most cost effective for the customer to repair the unit on an as needed ba sis rather than pay for an extended warranty or the annually recurring fees of a service contract Limitation of Warranty The foregoing express warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer or User Buyer supplied software or interfacing unauthorized modification or misuse operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product or improper site prepa ration or maintenance Sonoma User Manual TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW THIS WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES REMEDIES AND CONDITIONS WHETHER ORAL OR WRITTEN STATUTORY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED AS PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW ENDRUN SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS
153. lse saying that you provide a warranty and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions and telling the user how to view a copy of this License Exception if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves then this License and its terms do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it Thus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program In addition mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program or with a work based on the Program on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License 3 You may copy and distribute the Program
154. m oscillator type It is either OCXO or Rubidium The standard oscillator type is the TCXO Command sysosctype Sonoma reply Installed Oscillator is sysrootfs This command returns the currently loaded linux root file system either 0 or 1 where 0 is the fac tory installed root file system and 1 is the upgraded root file system Command sysrootfs Sonoma reply BOOTED ROOT FILE SYSTEM IMAGE 1 Upgrade sysstat This command allows you to query the status of the NTP Subsystem It retrieves information from the NTP daemon to determine the current synchronization status of the NTP Subsystem It then retrieves the last line in the logfile var log praecis0 monitor controlled by the NTP daemon reference clock driver that communicates with the GPS Subsystem This logfile is updated every 16 seconds under normal operation It parses and formats the data contained therein and prints this fixed length 83 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER NINE generally since grossly unsynchronized states could cause the floating offset field to overflow mo mentarily string having these fields LKSTAT TO GPS Offset S sssssssss LI TFOM YEAR DOY HH MM SS LS Where LKSTAT is the system peer status of the NTP daemon relative to the GPS Subsystem either LOCKED or NOTLKD NOTLKD can imply several things the system has just started there is a fault in the GPS Subsystem which has caused NTP to either be unable to obtain timing
155. ma reply CPU I O C DIRECT DIGITAL SYNTHESIZER OUTPUT is Installed Current Setting See systemio command Command systemio Sonomareply System I O Signal DIRECT DIGITAL SYNTHESIZER OUTPUT Installed Current Setting 0 Hz Use the systemioconfig command to change the DDS rate Command systemioconfig Sonoma reply Interactive script is started so you can change the DDS rate 93 Sonoma User Manval CHAPTER TEN Serial Time Output This option is provided on an RS 232 or RS 422 serial port labeled Serial Time It is an output that provides a once per second sequence of ASCII characters indicating the current time The on time character starts transmitting within the first 20 microseconds of each second The output starts automatically on power up See Appendix H Specifications for details The Serial Time is a system signal This means that there is one Serial Time signal that affects the whole system In other words if your Sonoma has multiple Serial Time outputs and you change the settings then all Serial Time outputs will be affected There are several different formats for this ASCII string The format baud rate and parity can all be changed via the console port Baud rate selections are 57600 19200 9600 and 4800 Parity selec tions are odd even and none Format selections are Sysplex Truetime EndRun EndRunX NENA and NMEA View and Change the Serial Time Configuration Use the cpuio command to vi
156. ma timing signals based on its knowledge of the characteristics of the system oscillator either the Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator TCXO Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator or Rubidium oscillator The extrapolated TFOM is based on a conservative estimate of the performance of the oscillator and should be considered worst case for a typical benign ambient temperature environment Due to this extrapolation behavior after initial synchronization brief periods without GPS satellite visibility will not induce an immediate alarm condition Removal of the antenna to simulate this will induce an immediate alarm however If the condition persists for long enough periods you should see the TFOM character change to indicate a gradually deteriorating accuracy of the timing out puts If the signal loss condition persists longer then the final unsynchronized state will eventually be reached If the Sonoma is unable to re synchronize within one hour after reaching this state the Alarm LED will light and the faultstat command will show a No Signal Time Out fault If the GPS Subsystem reaches the unsynchronized TFOM state the NTP daemon will cease to use the timing information returned by the GPS Subsystem in its polling event timestamps At this point the NTP daemon will report in its replies to network NTP clients that it is running at stratum 16 and the leap indicator bits will be set to the fault state NTP clients will reco
157. might be necessary if the antenna is installed in a high rise building Input it to the Sonoma via the setgpsrefpos command See Chapter 9 Console Port Control and Status Using Indirect GPS There are some locations where using a GPS window mount installation is not practical either be cause of metallic films on the window or the view from the window is blocked or the window is fac ing away from the equator In these cases we have an alternative product that uses CDMA cell phone signals for time synchronization We call it indirect GPS CDMA is not available worldwide but if you work in an area with CDMA cell phone service then you will probably be able to mount your antenna on top of your equipment rack inside your data center Contact EndRun Sales or Support for more information Internally GPS receivers report latitude longitude and height above the WGS 84 ellipsoid Howev er for a lot of reasons WGS 84 is not the way that mapmakers and surveyers report the height That means in order to use the height information as reported by Sonoma you need to do a conversion One easy way to do the conversion is by going to this link http www unavco org community_science science support geoid geoid html After entering your latitude and longitude this website will give you a report showing the GPS ellip soidal height the Geoid height and the Orthometric height The Orthometric height is the one most people are familiar with
158. n each fault see Appendix G System Faults Faults Fault Mask Page This page shows the fault masks available 62 Sonoma User Manual HTTPS INTERFACE Fault Masks Signal Fault This field shows the current mask setting for the Signal Fault either Masked or Enabled When the signal fault is Masked it will prevent a Signal Loss Fault from occurring Some installations may need to mask this fault when operating the Sonoma with no GPS signal An example of this would be when configured as a Stratum 2 NTP Server To change the Signal Fault Mask use the setsigfltmask command Antenna Fault This field shows the current mask setting for the Antenna Fault When the antenna fault is Masked it will prevent an Antenna Fault from occurring Some installations may need to mask this fault due to special antenna situations like splitters To change the Antenna Fault Mask use the setant 1tmask command Primary and These fields will display ONLY if your Sonoma has the Dual Power Supply Secondary Power option installed See Chapter 10 Options Masking Dual Power Supply Fault Alarms Fault Alarms for more information Network IPv4 Page This page shows the IPv4 network configuration 4 Network Status DHCP By default the Sonoma will configure itself using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP If you need to set up static IP configuration you must use the netconfig command via the console port Thie field will show whether DHCP i
159. ndows Broadcast Multicast NTP Client Setup Broadcast multicast client setup is relatively simple if You have been able to successfully communicate with the Sonoma on your network Your Sonoma has been configured to perform broadcasts or multicasts by running the ntpconfig shell script This is not the factory default configuration so be sure to run ntpconfig If you going to use MDS authentication your Sonoma must have been configured to operate with authenti cation in the broadcast multicast mode and you must know which of the trusted keys it is using for broadcast multicast operation The example Sonoma configuration shown in Configuring the NTP Server above will be assumed in the example configuration commands shown here You have installed NTP on your client computer You have successfully performed the Windows MDS Authenticated NTP Client Setup on your client computer if you plan to use MDS authentication Configure NTP Client for Broadcast You must edit the ntp conf file Assuming that your Sonoma server has been configured to use key 2 for broadcast authentication as shown in the example in Configuring the NTP Server above make sure that key 2 is included the trustedkey line and add this line to the end of the ntp conf file broadcastclient 29 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER THREE If you are not using MD5 authentication you would add these lines disable auth broadcastclient You may remove the l
160. nds pwr ltmask and setpwrfltmask Param eters are either Masked or Enabled Setting this command to Masked will prevent a power supply fault from creating an alarm condition The factory default setting is Enabled Command pwrfltmask Sonoma reply Primary Power Input Fault Alarm is MASKED Secondary Power Input Fault Alarm is ENABLED Command setpwrfltmask MASKED MASKED Sonoma reply Primary Power Input Fault Alarm Mask set to MASKED Secondary Power Input Fault Alarm Mask set to MASKED 102 Sonoma User Manval EndRun C I TECHNOLOGIES Appendix 4 Time Figure of Merit TFOM This appendix describes the Time Figure of Merit number The TFOM number indicates the level of accuracy that should be included in the interpretation of the time of day and ranges from 3 to 9 time error is lt 100 nanoseconds time error is lt 1 microseconds time error is lt 10 microseconds time error is lt 100 microseconds time error is lt 1 milliseconds time error is lt 10 milliseconds time error is gt 10 ms unsynchronized state if never locked to GPS NM SW In all cases the Sonoma reports this value as accurately as possible even during periods of GPS signal outage where the Sonoma is unable to directly measure the relationship of its timing outputs to UTC During these GPS outage periods assuming that the Sonoma had been synchronized prior to the outage the Sonoma extrapolates the expected drift of the Sono
161. nds which will show a leap second pending 24 hours in advance lt CR gt is the ASCII carriage return character 0x0D lt LF gt is the ASCII line feed character 0x0A NENA Format NENA is the National Emergency Number Association This organization has adopted several ASCII time code formats for use in PSAPs Public Safety Answering Points and they are specified in the NENA PSAP Master Clock Standard Issue 4 These ASCII time code formats are NENA Format 0 NENAO NENA Format 1 NENA1 and NENA Format 8 NENA8 NENAO lt CR gt lt LF gt Q DDD HH MM SS dTZ XX lt CR gt lt LF gt Q is the time quality indicator and may be either lt space gt ASCII space character 0x20 which indicates locked ASCII question mark 0x3F which indicates the unsynchronized condition is the space character 0x20 DDD is the day of year 001 366 is the colon character 0x3A HH is the hour of the day 00 23 MM is the minute of the hour 00 59 SS is the second of the minute 00 60 d is the DST indicator S I D O TZ XX 15 the time zone where is 00 through 23 96 Sonoma User Manual OPTIONS lt CR gt is the ASCII carriage return character Ox0D The first lt CR gt is the on time character lt LF gt is the ASCII line feed character 0x0A 1 lt CR gt lt LF gt Q WWW DDMMMY Y HH MM SS lt CR gt lt LF gt Q is the time quality indicator and may be either lt space gt ASCII space character 0x20 which
162. ng the etc ssh sshd config file and modifying the Ad dressFamily directive and then copying it to boot etc ssh Refer to the sshid config man page for detailed information man sshd config Apache HTTP By default httpd is factory configured to listen on both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses It may be forced to listen on either IPv4 only or IPv6 only by editing the etc httpd httpd conf configuration file and adding a Listen directive and then copying it to boot etc httpd Refer to the Apache HTTP docu mentation for details Net SNMP By default snmpd is factory configured to listen on both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses This may be changed by editing etc rc d rc snmpd and modifying the agent address argument passed to snmpd at start up and then copying it to boot etc rc d 67 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER EIGHT NTP By default is factory configured to listen on both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses on all interfaces This may be changed by editing etc ntp conf and adding the desired interface directives to achieve the desired behavior and then copying it to boot etc For example adding this line interface ignore ipv6 will cause ntpd to not bind to any IPv6 addresses Refer to the NTP documentation for details on the interface directive IPv4 Only Protocols There are several protocols running on the Sonoma which are not IPv6 capable telnet client and server ftp and Due to their intrinsic insecurity telnet and ftp
163. nments such as floppy boot disks and embedded Linux appliances When EndRun Technologies first generation Linux based embedded network time servers were in troduced they fell into this category and the edit text editor was appropriate Now it is included on the Sonoma file system for legacy reasons since it has been the default editor for all first and second generation EndRun Technologies products A man page for edit is resident on the system When it is first started and you did not give it a file name to edit on the command line it shows a start up screen with its command syntax But once you have opened a file to edit online help is not available It is started by issuing the command edit file to edit optionally with a file name to edit joe is the modern replacement for edit on the Sonoma It is a full featured editor with syntax highlighting and is also based on the Wordstar commands It is user friendly with easy to find help for its key commands and complete man page documentation It is the recommended editor for all purpose use in configuring and monitoring the Sonoma time server It is started by simply issuing the command joe file to edit optionally with a file name to edit elvis is a full featured vi clone which is provided in the Sonoma file system for masochistic Unix diehards It is not the least bit user friendly to anyone lacking experience with text mode ap plications If you don t know what vi is avoid using thi
164. noma etc ntp keys file to your client computer or use the secure copy utility scp or use a text editor to create the equivalent file Although you should first test your setup using the factory default etc ntp keys file in your Sonoma server you should create your own keys after you understand the process and have your clients oper ating correctly with the default file IMPORTANT Handling of the Wrogram files ntp etc ntp keys file is the weak link in the MD5 authentication scheme It is very important that it is owned by administrator and not readable by anyone other than administrator After transferring the file make sure that its security properties are set such that it is readable only by the administrator Configure NTP Add these lines to the end of the ntp conf file but substitute your particular directory path for the one shown program files ntp etc keys program files ntp etc ntp keys trustedkey 1 2 Modify the line added previously in Windows Basic NTP Client Setup so that authentication will be used with the Sonoma server using one of the trusted keys in this case key 1 server 192 168 1 120 key 1 Restart exe to have it begin using the Sonoma server with 5 authentication By default the NTP installation program installs ntpd exe as a service called Network Time Protocol and starts it You must use the Services utility in Control Panel to stop the Network Time Protocol service and then rest
165. not valid Checksum 74 Msg End lt CR gt lt LF gt ZDA Time and Date The ZDA sentence identifies the time associated with the current 1PPS pulse Each sentence is transmitted within 500 milliseconds after the 1PPS pulse is output and tells the time of the pulse that just occurred If the Sonoma is unsynchronized then this sentence will be composed of null fields Examples are below GPZDA 48 lt CR gt lt LF gt GPZDA 175658 00 20 05 2008 07 00 69 lt CR gt lt LF gt MsgID GPZDA Field 1 175658 00 UTC time at 1PPS hhmmss ss Field 2 20 Day 01 to 31 Field 3 05 Month 01 to 12 Field 4 2008 Year 1980 to 2079 100 Sonoma User Manual Power Supply Options OPTIONS Field 5 07 Local time zone hour offset from UTC for east longitude Field 6 00 Local time zone minutes offset from UTC Checksum 69 Msg End lt CR gt lt LF gt Your Sonoma can be configured with several optional power supply inputs which are listed in Appen dix Specifications Dual redundant power supplies are also available DC Power Input The DC power input uses a a 3 position terminal block and replaces the standard AC power input jack a Sele Connecting the DC Power Connect the safety ground terminal to earth ground Connect the terminal to the positive output of the DC power source Connect the terminal to the negative output of the DC power source Note that the Sonoma has a floating internal power sup
166. ol loop averaging time constant in seconds It s value is automatically adjusted to maintain optimum offset and stability is the system oscillator Electronic Frequency Control 20 bit DAC value The system automatically sets this value to remove frequency errors Values may range from 0 to 1048575 Values close to the maximum or minimum will set the DAC fault flag that will appear in the fault status display The Time Status display will also indicate a fault condition is the chassis internal temperature in C Below is an example of a typical response to this command Command Sonoma reply 20130117 00 23 10 LKD 524281 80 oscctrlstat 0 6 26e 09 6 26000e 09 1 25e 09 6 93e 13 1955 3 50 750 Sonoma User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS passwd This command is used to change the password for the user that you are logged in as It affects the serial port SSH Telnet and HTTP passwd is a Linux command that is also described in Appendix C Helpful Linux Information Command passwd Sonomareply Interactive script is started ptpconfigO and ptpconfig Optional These commands are only available if the Precision Time Protocol PTP option has been installed Refer to Chapter 4 PTP IEEE 1588 for more information ptpstatO and ptpstat Optional These commands are only available if the Precision Time Protocol PTP option has been installed Refer to Chapter 4 1588 for more information pw
167. or Unknown L59 is the PTP leap 59 second indicator either TRUE or FALSE 161 is the leap 61 second indicator either TRUE FALSE TT is the PTP time traceable indicator either TRUE or FALSE FT is the PTP frequency traceable indicator either TRUE or FALSE The Sonoma is configured as IEEE 1588 Grandmaster Clock default profile Verify that the network settings have been configured and tested using netconfig Once the network has been configured the Sonoma will begin to transmit PTP Sync messages after it is locked The PTP Sync Interval is user configured 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 or 128 packets per second are trans mitted as a multicast The packets are only transmitted when the clock is fully synchronized or in holdover with a known clock accuracy The PTP Announce Interval is user configured Packets are transmitted every 1 2 4 8 or 16 seconds as a multicast The packets are only transmitted when the clock is fully synchronized or in holdover with a known clock accuracy The Delay Request Interval is not user configurable It is set to 32 seconds The Priority 1 is user configured in a range from 0 to 255 The PTP Priority 2 is user configured in a range from 0 to 255 If using a single Grandmaster keep the default setting of 128 for Priority 1 and Priority 2 If using two redundant Grandmasters then you can configure the preferred clock by setting Priority 1 to 127 and Prior ity 2 to 128 The
168. or a work based on it under Section 2 in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following a Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine readable source code which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or b Accompany it with a written offer valid for at least three years to give any third party for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution a complete machine readable copy of the corresponding source code to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above a medium customarily used for software interchange or c Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer in accord with Subsection b above 119 Sonoma User Manual APPENDIX D The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it For an executable work complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable However as a special exception the source code distributed need not includ
169. or this service if you wish that you receive source code or can get it 1f you want it that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs and that you know you can do these things To protect your rights we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software or 1f you modify it 117 Sonoma User Manual APPENDIX D For example if you distribute copies of such a program whether gratis or for a fee you must give the recipients all the rights that you have You must make sure that they too receive or can get the source code And you must show them these terms so they know their rights We protect your rights with two steps 1 copyright the software and 2 offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy distribute and or modify the software Also for each author s protection and ours we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software If the software is modified by someone else and passed on we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original so that any problems intro duced by others will not reflect on the original authors reputations Finally any free program is threatened constantly by software patents We wish to avoid the dan ger that redistributors of
170. parameters These param eters are related to the disciplined system oscillator The command formats the data and prints this fixed length string having these fields YYYYMMDD HH MM SS LKSTAT COAST ESTERR MEASERR TIMEDEV AGERATE TAU EFCDAC TEMP 79 Sonoma User Manval CHAPTER NINE Where YYYY MMDD HH MM SS LKSTAT COAST ESTERR MEASERR TIMEDEV AGERATE TAU EFCDAC TEMP is the year of the UTC timestamp of the most recent update received from the GPS Subsystem is the month and day of month of the UTC timestamp of the most recent update received from the GPS Subsystem is the hour minute and second of the UTC timestamp of the most recent update received from the GPS Subsystem is the GPS Subsystem control status either WRM warming up ACQ acquiring LKG locking or LKD locked is the number of seconds the GPS Subsystem has been in coast mode unlocked to GPS is the estimated time error of the GPS Subsystem when in coast mode in seconds is the last measured time offset of the GPS Subsystem to GPS while locked in seconds is the time deviation TDEV of the offset measurements in seconds The tau associated with this measurement is one second which is the update interval of the position fixes received from the GPS Receiver is the regression computed system oscillator ageing rate per day several hour delay before the first measurements are displayed is the system oscillator contr
171. ply therefore either the positive or negative output of the DC power source can be referenced to earth ground This unit will not operate if the connections are reversed however it will not be damaged by a reverse connection SHOCK ENERGY HAZARD Install in Restricted Access Location Use 10 14 AWG copper vire only Terminal block screw torque 9 Ib in 1 Branch circuit must have circuit breaker 15A or less Power must be sourced via two pole disconnect device Install terminal block cover after wiring Dual Redundant Power Supplies Any combination of Universal AC and or DC supplies is available Primary and secondary power supplies are connected in a dual redundant configuration with hitless automatic primary to secondary and secondary to primary switchover A fault detector monitors the status of each redundant power supply When a fault is detected it will trigger a system alarm When Sonoma is configured with Dual Power Supplies an alarm will show if the primary or secondary supply does not have power connected 101 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER TEN Masking Dual Power Supply Fault Alarms You can mask the Primary and Secondary Faults to prevent them from causing a system alarm Masking a fault will prevent it from causing the Alarm LED and Alarm Output if any from going active Masking a fault will NOT prevent it from showing in the gpsstat command To mask the fault you can use the console comma
172. prompted to set PTP parameters as fol lows ETH Port 1 Sync Interval Per Second 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 Announce Interval Seconds 1 2 4 8 or 16 Priorityl 0 255 Priority2 0 255 Delay Mechanism E2E or P2P Domain 0 255 PTP Time Mode UTC or PTP PTP TTL 1 255 34 Sonoma User Manual PTP IEEE 1588 One file is modified for each port Either etc ptp0 conf for eth0 or etc ptpl conffor eth1 These are non volatile files stored in the FLASH disk boot etc directory You must reboot the Sonoma after running this script for the changes to take effect The following is a transcript of the question and answer configuration utility provided by ptpcon fig0 or ptpconfigi The user entered parameters are underlined Sonoma rootGgntp ptpconfigO kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk brecision Time Protocol IEEE 1588 V2 Configuration dxxkd kde kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk This interactive utility will guide you in configuring the ptp daemon configuration file that controls its operation on port 0 You will be able to configure the PTP sync interval announce interval priorityl priority2 delay mechanism domain time mode and time to live TTL The changes you make now will not take effect until you re boot If you make a mistake just re run ptpconfig0O prior to re booting
173. ration for CPU Module is the Antenna input RS 232 connector and two ethernet connectors Refer to Chapter 2 Basic Installation Sonoma Physical Description for more information on the basic Sonoma rear panel In addition to the standard connectors the CPU Module can be configured with optional outputs Some of these optional outputs are a Programmable Pulse Output a DDS Output an Alarm Output various pulse rates at RS 422 levels and a second 5 232 serial port with a Serial Time Output See sample CPU Module configurations below 5 ETH1 onc 00 0E FE 01 01 D1 00 0E FE 01 01 D0 00000 6 00000 0000 WZ 0000 A RS 232 D ANTENNA cpu yo C SERIALTIME T RCVR CPU 5 ETH1 0016 00 0E FE 01 01 D1 00 0E FE 01 01 DO 90 Sonoma User Manval OPTIONS Programmable Pulse Output PPO The PPO Option provides user selectable on time pulse rates from 1 PPS to 10 MPPS Other selec tions are 605 pulse 60 seconds on the minute 1PP2S pulse per 2 seconds on the even second and Inverted 1PPS falling edge on time For details on signal definition see Appendix H Specifications View and Change the PPO Configuration Use the cpuio command to view the optional ou
174. reater than 250 feet See the chart below for details Using GPS Preamplifiers EndRun produces a GPS Preamplifier which is a very high performance low noise low power drain inline amplifier for difficult GPS signal environments and long cable runs greater than 250 feet of factory supplied cable The following table shows the number of preamplifers we recommend for each GPS antenna installation using our factory supplied cable Installations using other cable types may have different preamplifer requirements Cable Length Cable Number of Type Preamplifiers Up to 250 feet RG 59 emes 251 to 500 feet RG 59 1 77 to 152 meters Belden 9104 501 to 700 feet RG 59 2 _ 701 to 750 feet RG 59 2 O ozenen 751 to 1000 feet RG 59 3 wsm 127 Sonoma User Manual Other Accessories APPENDIX E A page of the Installation Guide for installing a rooftop mounted antenna with GPS preamplifer is shown at the end of this appendix in Figure 2 Complete guide is here http www endruntechnologies com pdf 5050 0004 000 pdf Using Three Preamplifiers Installation for one or two preamplifiers is simple But the physical layout of three preamplifiers is critical Preamplifiers should be in a straight line departing from the bottom of the antenna so that any leakage from the downlead cable is as far from the antenna as possible A positive feedback path can occur from the output of the last
175. rfltmask Optional See Chapter 10 Options Masking Dual Power Supply Fault Alarms for information on this com mand serialnumber This command shows the serial number of the Sonoma The serial number is not available using this command for units shipped before August 2015 Command serialnumber Sonoma reply 15080056 setantfltmask This command allows you to enable or mask the GPS antenna fault Parameter for this command is either MASKED or ENABLED Setting this command to MASKED will prevent the antenna fault from creating an alarm condition Some installations may need to mask this fault due to special antenna situations like splitters or DC blocks that confuse the antenna detection circuit The factory default setting is ENABLED Command setantfltmask MASKED Sonoma reply Antenna Fault Mask set to MASKED setcaldelay This command starts an interactive utility that allows you to change the clock calibration delay This setting is used to advance or retard the clock in order to compensate for antenna cable length or other external hardware or cabling Allowable range is 500 000 nanoseconds 81 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER NINE Command setcaldelay Sonoma reply Interactive utility is started setgpsdynmode This command accepts a single argument ON or OFF to allow you to set the dynamic mode of operation of the GPS Subsystem By default the unit is configured for static operation so this setting is OFF If the Sonoma wil
176. rminal block labeled ALARM Serial Time Output Output only port at RS 232 or RS 422 levels Baud Rate User Selectable to 4800 9600 19200 or 57600 Parity User Selectable to Odd Even or None ASCII Formats User Selectable to Sysplex EndRun EndRunX Truetime NENA or NMEA Accuracy The on time characters starts transmitting within the first 20 microsecs of each second Connector RS 232 Rear panel DB 9M connector labeled SERIAL TIME Pinout RS 232 Pin 3 is Transmit Data Pin 5 15 GND Connector RS 422 Rear panel DB 9M connector labeled SERIAL TIME RS 422 Pinout RS 422 Pin 3is signal Pin 6 is signal Pin 5 is GND Note See Chapter 10 Options Serial Time Output for more information Fixed Rate Output Positive TTL pulse 500 Rate Preset at Factory and cannot be changed Accuracy 1073 to UTC for 24 hour averaging times when locked Stability lt 10 fort lt 10 seconds oy 1 lt 107 for gt 10 seconds Connector Rear panel BNC jack labeled with appropriate rate such as 10 MPPS Compliance CE FCC RTTE Directive 1999 5 EC Low Voltage Directive 2006 95 EC EMC Directive 2004 108 EC RoHS RoHS Directive 2011 65 EC WEEE WEEE Directive 2012 19 EC Supplementary Compliance Data Safety EN60950 1 2006 A11 2009 A1 2010 A12 2011 EMC EN55022 2010 EN55024 2010 EN61000 3 2 2006 A1 A2 EN61000 3 3 2008 VCCI V3 2012 04 AS NZS CISPR 22 2009 A1 FCC Part
177. s editor It is started by simply issuing the command vi file to edit optionally with a file name to edit There are three different log in banners in the Sonoma the serial port banner the Telnet banner and the SSH banner You must be logged in as the root user in order to edit the rc ocal file and change the log in banners Perform the following edit etc rc d rc local Change the banners as appropriate After saving the file copy it to boot etc like this cp p etc rc d rc local boot etc rc d Then reboot for your changes to take effect 115 Sonoma User Manval APPENDIX Query and Change Ethernet Ports ethtool is a Linux utility that allows you to query or change the settings for Port 0 etho and Port 1 ethi For example to view current settings for Port 0 issue the following command ethtool eth0 Here is an example of one way to set the speed on Port 0 to 1000Base T ethtool s eth0 speed 1000 duplex full autoneg off The command above will immediately change the port speed to 1000Base T but it will revert to its factory 10 100 1000Base T at a system reset If you want to retain the setting after a system reset then you need to edit the rc M configuration file Follow this sequence 1 Edit etc rc d rc M using one of the editors on the previous page Insert the desired ethtoo1 line see example above after the Gatekeeper Daemon is started and before the Precision Time Protocol is started Exit and sa
178. s enabled or disabled Address Gateway These fields show the settings for the IP address gateway and netmask Netmask To change these settings use the netcon ig command via the console port Network IPv6 Page This page shows information related to the IPv6 network parameters For more information on IPv6 see Chapter 8 IPv6 Information Network DNS Page This page shows the IP addresses of the primary and secondary domain name servers Network MAC Address Page This page shows the media access control MAC address for both ethernet ports etho and eth1 NTP Page The NTP Status page shows all information related to NTP operation Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER SEVEN NTP Status Status The stratum field has several possible values Stratum 1 The server is fully synchronized and accurate Stratum 2 The server is synchronized to a Stratum server Stratum x The server is synchronized to a Stratum x 1 server Stratum 16 The server is unsynchronized NTP clients will not use a Stratum 16 server Source This field will show the source of time which is usually GPS If the Sonoma is configured as a Stratum 2 server then it will show the IP address of the upstream Stratum 1 server Offset This field shows the offset in seconds between the NTP system clock and the GPS Subsystem clock Positive implies that the NTP system clock 1s ahead of the GPS Subsystem clock Leap Indicator This field shows whether a leap second is pending
179. s on Windows There is additional information about NTP Client software at this link http www endruntechnologies com ntp client htm For 1588 applications the Sonoma can interoperate with a variety of Slave software and hardware For more information on PTP Slave Software go to this link http www endruntechnologies com ptp slave htm 3 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER ONE This page intentionally left blank 4 Sonoma User Manual EndRun C VAN TECHNOLOGIES Checking and Identifying the Hardware Chapter Two Basic Installation This chapter will guide you through the most basic checkout and physical installation of your Sonoma Time Server See Chapter 3 NTP for instructions on how to configure your unit as an NTP Server See Chapter 4 1588 for instructions on how to configure your unit as an optional Grandmaster Other chapters and appendices will give you the information needed to configure your installation for the maximum performance in your operating environment Basic familiarity with TCP IP networking protocols like ping telnet and tp is required Though some familiarity with Linux or other Unix like operating systems would be helpful it is not essen tial If you satisfy these conditions the instructions provided herein should guide you to a successful installation For a brief description of some helpful Linux commands and utilities see Appendix C Helpful Linux Information
180. s the initial state of this setting If the bad indication persists then you must check your configuration for errors Typically this is due to a typing error in creating the etc ntp keys file on the client that causes a mismatch between the keys being used by the server and client If you transfer the file by ftp or sep this shouldn t be a problem It is also possible to have a typing error in the etc ntp conf file that causes the needed key to not be included in the trustedkey list 25 Sonoma User Manual Setting Up NTP Clients on Windows CHAPTER THREE To configure your Windows computer to use your Sonoma Time Server you must have successfully completed the procedures in Configuring the NTP Server above Client installation must be per formed by a user with administrative priviledges If you have access to a usenet news server many problems may be solved by the helpful people who participate in the Internet news group devoted to NTP at comp protocols time ntp Three methods of using the Sonoma with NTP clients on Windows platforms will be described Basic This 15 the simplest and will operate without MDS authentication NTP beginners should always perform this setup first MDS This method is trickier only because MDS keys must be set up and distributed accurately to the NTP clients in a secure way The Sonoma is factory configured to authenticate its replies to NTP MDS clients using its default set of keys Broadc
181. se Dota ess an ii Limitation of Warranty ii Warranty ante Bea iii Repair After Warranty Expiration iii Limitation of Liability iii Chapter Introduction ba een cat at br teatri Me aah aan utut da 1 Time Synchronization Components ha GPS Timing How It Works 2 Where tose Il a EN EEA 2 Client Slave Software 3 Chapter Two Basic Installation 5 Checking and Identifying the Hardware 5 Sonoma Physical Description 6 Performing a Site 7 Installing the Sonoma 8 Connecting the Optional DC Power 8 Connecting and Configuring 8 Configuring Ethernet with the Serial Port 9 Connect RS 232 Serial
182. shift Format User selectable to IRIG B 000 IEEE 1344 002 003 NASA 36 2137 Connector Rear panel BNC jack labeled DCCODE Note To change the time code format refer to Chapter 10 Options Programmable Pulse Output PPO Positive TTL pulse 500 on BNC jack User Selectable Output Type On time pulse rate Rate User selectable to 1 10 100 IK 10K 100K IM 5M 10M PPS IPPM IPP2S Duty Cycle 50 except 1PPS which mimics the 1PPS Output defined above Accuracy lt 10 to UTC for 24 hour averaging times when locked Stability lt 10 for x 10 seconds lt 107 for gt 10 seconds Connector Rear panel BNC jack labeled PPO Note To change the output selection refer to Chapter 10 Options 142 Sonoma User Manual SPECIFICATIONS Direct Digital Synthesizer Output DDS Positive TTL pulse 500 on BNC jack User Selectable Output Type Synthesized pulse rate Rate User selectable 1 PPS to 10 MPPS in 1PPS steps Accuracy lt 1073 to UTC for 24 hour averaging times when locked Stability 0 t lt 10 for v lt 10 seconds lt 107 for gt 10 seconds Connector Rear panel BNC jack labeled DDS Note To change the output selection refer to Chapter 10 Options Alarm Output MMBT2222A open collector grounded emitter High impedance in alarm state Voltage 40 VDC maximum Saturation Current 100 mA maximum Connector Rear panel BNC jack or te
183. sing MD5 authentication you would add these lines disable auth multicastclient 224 0 1 1 or for IPv6 disable auth multicastclient 05 101 24 Sonoma User Manval NETWORK TIME PROTOCOL NTP You may remove the line added previously in Unix like Platforms Basic NTP Client Setup server 192 168 1 120 the authenticated version added in Unix like Platforms MD5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup server 192 168 1 120 key 1 Test Broadcast Multicast Restart ntpd to have it begin using the Sonoma as a broadcast or multicast server Use the NTP util ity ntpq to check that ntpd is able to communicate with the Sonoma After issuing the command you will see command prompt ntpq gt Use the command peers to display the NTP peers which your computer is using One of them should be the Sonoma server which you have just configured You should verify that it is being reached You may have to con tinue issuing the peers command for a minute or two before you will see the reach count increment If you are using authentication you can verify that authentication is being used by issuing the com mand associations to display the characteristics of the client server associations In the auth column of the display you should see for the row corresponding to the Sonoma server If you see bad you should wait a few minutes to be sure that there is a problem since bad i
184. standard Sonoma GPS prompt After configuring the unit you should change the passwords using the Linux passwd command issued from the prompt To gain root access you must now issue the super user command at the prompt 14 Sonoma User Manual BASIC INSTALLATION Sonoma N12 GPS root host gt su root You will then be prompted for the password which is 1 and be granted root access to the system To leave super user mode issue the command exit Issuing exit again will close the telnet session Using SSH When establishing a ssh connection with your Sonoma logging in directly as root is permitted When you log in as root via a ssh session with the Sonoma this banner will be displayed kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Welcome to the Sonoma_N12 GPS SSH console on host your domain kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk root 192 168 1 120 s password Here you may log in as root with password 1 After correctly entering the password the sign on message is shown It identifies the host system as Sonoma and shows the software part number version and build date Sonoma_N12 GPS 6010 0065 000 v 1 00 Sat Jan 19 14 17 44 UTC 2013 Sonoma N12 GPS root host gt This last line is the standard Sonoma N12 GPS prompt After configuring the unit you should change the passwords using the Linux pass
185. stem It is very important to use the p when performing the copy During the boot process the files contained in the Doot etc rc d directory are copied to the working ete re d direc tory on the system RAM disk In this way the factory defaults are overwritten Re Enable SNMP SSH and HTTPS If you have disabled SNMP SSH or HTTPS and you want to re enable it all you need to do is re move the rc file from the boot etc rc d directory using one or more of these commands rm boot etc rc d rc snmpd rm boot etc rc d rc sshd rm boot etc rc d rc httpd Re boot the Sonoma when done for the changes to take effect Is the Protocol Disabled Telnet TIME and DAYTIME To determine if one of these protocols is disabled use the inetdcon fig command SNMP SSH and HTTPS To determine if one of these protocols is disabled issue the following command ls 1 boot etc rc d 48 Sonoma User Manual OpenSSH CHAPTER FIVE If you see one of the following files listed and there is NOT an after the file name then the cor responding protocol is disabled rw r r 1 root root 1144 Feb 19 01 52 rc httpd rw r r 1 root root 1168 Oct 26 2012 rc snmpd rw r r 1 root root 2684 Feb 18 02 16 rc sshd If rc httpd rc snmp or rc ssh is not listed or it is listed and there is an after the file name then the protocol is enabled Here is an example rwxr xr x 1 root root 1168 Oct 26 2012 rc snmpd The secure shell proto
186. t and to obtain management software and detailed configuration information you can visit this website http www net snmp org An excellent book which describes operation and configuration of various SNMP managers and agents including the NET SNMP implementations is available from O Reilley amp Associates Essential SNMP Mauro amp Schmidt O Reilley amp Associates 2001 If you are planning to operate with SNMPv3 it is highly recommended that you make use of both of these resources to familiarize yourself with the agent configuration concepts Prior to SNMPv3 SNMP had definite security inadequacies due to using two community names in a manner analogous to passwords that were transmitted over the network as clear text In addition since no mechanism existed for authenticating or encrypting session data any number of man in the middle data corruption replacement exploits were possible in addition to plain old snooping to learn the community names SNMPv3 implements the User based Security Model USM defined in RFC 2274 which employs modern cryptographic technologies to both authenticate multiple users and to encrypt their session data for privacy much in the same way that SSH does for remote login shell users In addition it implements the View based Access Control Model VACM defined in RFC 2275 This RFC defines mechanisms for limiting the access of multiple users having various security levels no authentication authentica
187. t be logged in as root in order to have access to this page The latest released versions of Sonoma firmware are freely available on the EndRun Technologies website For detailed information on how to perform the upgrade either via the network port the serial port or the HTTPS interface see Appendix B Upgrading The Firmware Firmware Linux Kernel Upgrade This page is used for upgrading the Linux Kernel firmware You must be logged in as root in order to have access to this page The latest released versions of Sonoma firmware are freely available on the EndRun Technologies website For detailed information on how to perform the upgrade either via the network port the serial port or the HTTPS interface see Appendix B Upgrading The Firm ware Firmware GPS Subsystem Upgrade Page This page is used for upgrading the firmware You must be logged in as root in order to have access to these pages The latest released versions of Sonoma firmware are freely available on the EndRun Technologies website For detailed information on how to perform the upgrade either via the network port the serial port or the HTTPS interface see Appendix B Upgrading The Firmware Firmware Reboot Page This page will allow you to perform a software reboot of both the Linux Subsystem and the GPS Subsystem This is normally used after a firmware upgrade but can be done anytime you wish to reset the Sonoma To disable HTTPS see Chapter 5 Secur
188. tal objects or other antennas and even trees will limit the performance of the GPS antenna The antenna should also be located away from overhead power lines or circuits for safety reasons The illustration below shows some examples of good and bad antenna mounting locations Equator POOR ANTENNA LOCATION blocked view of the sky plus it is on the side of the building facing away from the equator ZTS Equator lt NZ BETTER ANTENNA LOCATION blocked view of the sky but it is on the side of the building facing the equator Equator lt BEST ANTENNA LOCATION full view of the sky 125 Sonoma User Manual GPS Antenna Kit About Coax Cable APPENDIX E The time server ships with a free GPS Antenna Kit which includes 50 feet 15 meters of antenna cable This amount of cable is sufficient for the majority of GPS antenna installations Longer cable runs can also be accommodated Below is a list of the items in a typical GPS Antenna Kit part num ber 0610 0007 001 GPS Antenna part 0502 0012 000 Antenna Mounting Adaptor part 0602 0035 000 PVC Mounting Pipe part 0100 0009 018 Hose Clamps part 0100 0008 000 50 feet of RG 59U Belden 9104 Cable TNC Male part 0600 0013 050 GPS Antenna Inside Window Mount Kit part 0608 0002 001 A page of the GPS Roof Top Installation Guide is shown at the end of this appendix in Figure 1 Complete guide is here http
189. te computer and securely transfer the root file system image from the remote computer to your Sonoma A command like this should be used scp p 6010 0065 000 3 00 gz rootGhost your domain tmp rootfs gz Now issue the following command to the Sonoma console to initiate the upload upgraderootfs Next update the default file system partition by issuing this command to your Sonoma console updaterootflag 1 You should see this line displayed Default Root File System now set to UPGRADE Finally reboot the system by issuing this command at the shell prompt reboot Wait about 90 seconds for the system to shutdown and reboot Then log in to the Sonoma using telnet or ssh fall has gone well you should be able to log in the usual way After you have entered your password the system version message will be displayed You should notice that it now indicates the software version and date of the upgrade that you previously downloaded You can also check this at any time by issuing sysversion which will cause the system version message to be re displayed You can also check to see which root file system image the system is currently booted under by issu ing this command at the shell prompt sysrootfs Which should cause this to be printed to the console BOOTED ROOT FILE SYSTEM IMAGE 1 Upgrade If so and your unit seems to be operating normally you have successfully completed the root file system upgrade If your unit does not boot
190. te of the current UTC day contains 59 seconds otherwise it is FALSE The PTP Leap 61 second indicator is either TRUE or FALSE The Leap 61 is TRUE if the PTP Tim escale is PTP and the last minute of the current UTC day contains 61 seconds otherwise it is FALSE The PTP Time Traceable indicator is either TRUE or FALSE The Time Traceable is TRUE if the Time Scale is PTP and the Clock Class is Synchronized or Holdover otherwise it is FALSE 38 Sonoma User Manual About the PTP Second and UTC Time Multiport PTP PTP IEEE 1588 The PTP Frequency Traceable indicator is either TRUE or FALSE The Frequency Traceable is TRUE if the Time Traceable is TRUE otherwise it is FALSE The PTP Time Mode selections are PTP and UTC The IEEE 1588 standard defines the PTP epoch beginning at 0 hours on 1 January 1970 The time measured since this epoch is designated in the standard as PTP seconds The PTP second is monotonic so does not include leap seconds Unlike PTP the UTC second is not monotonic that 1s from time to time there will be leap second insertions The last second of a leap insertion day is 23 59 60 making the day one second longer than a normal day ending at 23 59 59 PTP Second When the PTP Time Mode is set to PTP the slave clocks must utilize the current leap second and leap second pending flags leap 59 or leap 61 to convert the PTP second to UTC UTC Time When the PTP Time Mode is set to UTC then there will be a one second
191. tenna with inadequate satellite visibility there are two good ways to do it 1 use a handheld GPS receiver to obtain a position near the location of your Sonoma antenna or 2 reference a geodetic World Geodetic Survey of 1984 WGS 84 database to obtain a position for your street address 129 Sonoma User Manual About WGS 84 Height APPENDIX E Using a Handheld GPS Receiver Obtain an inexpensive handheld GPS receiver Use it outside of the building to determine a position that is within 100 meters of the installed Sonoma antenna Make sure that the handheld GPS receiver is configured to report its positions in the WGS 84 datum Record the position and then make any adjustments to the height that might be necessary if the antenna is installed in a high rise building Input it to the Sonoma via the setgpsrefpos command Using the Internet Reasonably accurate position information can be obtained from various websites on the Internet Using your favorite search engine type in a search term such as street gps position Many of the websites displayed will give you the ability to type in your location and provide your GPS position coordinates The position needs to be accurate to within 100 meters of the actual antenna location If you are unable to obtain a GPS ellipsoidal height WGS 84 then you can do that by following the instructions in About WGS 84 Height below Record the position and then make any adjustments to the height that
192. the Clock Class is Syn chronized otherwise it is OSC based on the system oscillator The PTP UTC Offset is the offset between TAI and UTC in units of seconds The PTP UTC Offset Valid is either TRUE or FALSE The UTC Offset Valid is TRUE if the current UTC Offset is known to be correct otherwise it is FALSE The PTP Clock Accuracy is transmitted when the time is accurate to within the the following 25ns Clock is synchronized or in holdover PTP clock lt 25 nanoseconds 100ns Clock is synchronized or in holdover PTP clock lt 100 nanoseconds 250ns Clock is synchronized or in holdover PTP clock lt 250 nanoseconds lus Clock is synchronized or in holdover clock lt 1 microsecond 2 5us Clock is synchronized or in holdover PTP clock lt 2 5 microseconds 10us Clock is synchronized or in holdover PTP clock lt 10 microseconds 25us Clock is synchronized or in holdover PTP clock lt 25 microseconds 100us Clock is synchronized or in holdover PTP clock lt 100 microseconds 250us Clock is synchronized or in holdover PTP clock lt 250 microseconds lms Clock is synchronized or in holdover clock lt 1 millisecond 2 5ms Clock is synchronized or in holdover PTP clock lt 2 5 milliseconds 10ms Clock is synchronized or in holdover PTP clock lt 10 milliseconds Unknown Clock is unsynchronized TFOM 9 The PTP Leap 59 second indicator is either TRUE or FALSE The Leap 59 is TRUE if the PTP Tim escale is PTP and the last minu
193. the standard Sonoma Time Server for special customer requirements If your unit has been modified then this section will describe what those changes are This section is blank 147 Sonoma User Manual SPECIAL MODIFICATIONS This page intentionally left blank 148 Sonoma User Manual EndRun TECHNOLOGIES Smarter Timing Solutions 2270 Northpoint Parkway Santa Rosa CA 95407 TEL 1 877 749 3878 FAX 707 573 8619 www endruntechnologies com
194. thm 5 5 with password endrun_ and may use the Data Encryption Standard DES to encrypt the session data with passphrase endrun 1 The second line will cause a user nt 52 Sonoma User Manual Disable or Restrict Access SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL SNMP puser to be created who may be authenticated using the Secure Hash Algorithm SHA with password Sonoma_0 Passwords and passphrases must have a minimum of 8 characters or you will not be able to be authenticated IMPORTANT You must kill the snmpa daemon prior to editing boot net snmp snmpd conf Otherwise the secret key creation may not complete properly Issue the command etc rc d rc snmpd stop tokill the snmpd daemon You can verify that the snmpd daemon has been killed by issuing the ps e command and verifying that it is not present After rebooting the agent will read the boot net snmp snmpd conf configuration file and compute secret key s for each of the users and delete the createUser lines from the file It will then write the secret key s to the file These lines begin with the string usmuser In this way un encrypted passwords are not stored on the system IMPORTANT To generate new keys stop the snmpa process delete the existing usmusez key lines from the file boot net snmp snmpd conf and then add new cxeateusex lines Then reboot the system This example gives the simplest configuration to begin using SNMPv3 but doesn t make use of the full capabili
195. ties of the VACM in defining groups and views for fine grained access control The fac tory default etc snmpd conf file contains commented blocks of lines that can be uncommented to give you a basic configuration that uses the User based Security Model USM described in RFC 2274 and the View based Access Control Model VACM described in RFC 2275 The comments included in the file should help you in modifying it for your specific requirements To disable SNMP see Chapter 5 Security Disable SNMP SSH and HTTPS To restrict access to specific hosts see Chapter 5 Security Restrict Access Telnet SSH and SNMP LLL Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER SIX This page intentionally left blank 54 Sonoma User Manual EndRun C AA TECHNOLOGIES Chapter Seven Hyper Text Transport Protocol Secure HTTPS This chapter briefly describes the HTTPS interface that resides on the Sonoma GPS Time Server The HTTPS interface to the Sonoma is a fast and easy to use graphical interface that is compatible with your standard web browser Simply point your browser to the IP address of the Sonoma and log in securely with HTTP over the Secure Socket Layer SSL Security conscious customers may disable the HTTPS interface see the end of this chapter for instructions The HTTPS implementation in the Sonoma uses HTTP over SSL SSL is a sublayer under standard HTTP HTTPS enhances security because it encrypts and decrypts the requested and returned pages from t
196. ting resistor of at least 1K ohms in value should be used The pull up voltage must not exceed 40V The Alarm Output connector can be either a BNC or a terminal block For more details see Appendix H Specifications View the Alarm Output Connector Use the cpuio command to view the optional outputs on the CPU Module This command will list any connector that has an optional I O signal Connectors are identified as A B or C Command cpuio Sonomareply CPU I O C OPEN COLLECTOR ALARM OUTPUT is Installed Direct Digital Synthesizer DDS The DDS Option provides user selectable pulse rates from 1 Hz to 10 MHz programmable in 1 PPS steps including 1 544 MPPS or 2 048 MPPS The selected pulse rate is phase locked to the system oscil lator and is not aligned with system time The DDS is a system signal This means that there is one DDS signal that affects the whole system In other words if your Sonoma has multiple DDS outputs and you change the pulse rate then all DDS outputs will be affected The pulse rate is 0 Hz when shipped from the factory but can be changed see below For details on the DDS signal definition see Appendix H Specifications View and Change the DDS Configuration Use the cpuio command to view the optional outputs on the CPU Module This command will list any connector that has an optional I O signal Connectors are identified as A B or C Use the syste mio command to view the DDS rate Command cpuio Sono
197. tion or authentication plus privacy to specific views of the Structure of Management Information SMI object tree 49 Sonoma User Manual Enterprise Management Information Base MIB Invocation of the SNMP daemon Quick Start Configuration SNMPv1 vXc CHAPTER SIX In addition to providing the SNMP variables contained in as described RFC 1213 EndRun Technologies has implemented an enterprise MIB using the syntax of the SMI version 2 SMIv2 as described in RFC 2578 SONOMA MIB Which is located on your Sonoma in this ASCII file usr local share snmp mibs SONOMA MIB txt In addition to a complete set of NTP and Receiver GPS or CDMA status objects the MIB defines four SMIv2 notification objects e NTP Leap Indicator Bits status change e NTP Stratum change e Receiver Fault Status change e Receiver Time Figure of Merit change The SNMP daemon snmpd is started from the etc rc d rc snmpd system start up script By default it will listen on port 161 for SNMP queries from the network management system If you would like to have it listen on another port you could edit the file and change the port number in the argument list being passed to snmpd when it is started IMPORTANT After modifying etc rc d rc smmpd you must copy it to the Doot etc rc d directory and reboot the sys tem It is very important to retain the access mode for the file so sure to use cp p when performing the copy During t
198. tly traceable to UTC Due to the nature of the GPS spread spec trum modulation scheme this timing information may be extracted by a well designed receiver with a precision of a few nanoseconds The GPS Subsystem in the Sonoma does just that Since signals from the GPS satellites are available at all locations on the globe you may deploy the Sonoma virtually anywhere However you must be able to install an antenna either on the rooftop or in a window so that satellite transmissions may be received at least several times during the day For more information see Appendix E Installing the GPS Antenna Once synchronized the Sonoma can maintain acceptable network synchronization accuracy for about a day without GPS reception by flywheeling on its standard temperature compensated crystal oscillator TCXO The TCXO ensures a 24 hour holdover period without a GPS signal For longer holdover periods of 35 days or more an oscillator upgrade may be installed in your Sonoma 2 Sonoma User Manual Client Slave Software The Sonoma has been designed to operate in conjunction with existing public domain NTP SNTP cli ent software and may be used in any network environment that is using TCP IP protocols Although client software is available for all platforms for the most precise applications the Unix like operating systems are best supported For more information see Chapter 3 NTP Setting Up NTP Clients on Unix like Platforms and Setting Up NTP Client
199. to quit Enter a trusted key number 1 65534 or 0 to quit Enter a trusted key number 1 65534 or 0 to quit NTP Broadcast Multicast Configuration Would you like to enable broadcast multicast server operation yles nlo Set the network broadcast multicast address for the Sonoma_N12 GPS to use For broadcast mode on IPV4 networks this address is the all 1 s address on the sub net Example 111 112 113 255 On IPV6 networks there is more than one way to define a range of multicast addresses Example 05 1 all nodes on the local site Example ff02 1 all nodes on the local link There are specific multicast addresses assigned for NTP Operation For IPV4 multicast operation it is this specific address 224 0 1 1 For IPV6 multicast operation it is this specific site scope address ff05 101 Enter IP address for NTP broadcast multicast operation aaa bbb ccc ddd or aaaa bbbb 224 0 1 1 You have selected multicast operation Enter the TTL value that is needed for multicast packets on your network 1 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 32 It is highly recommended that authentication be used if you are using NTP in broadcast multicast mode Otherwise clients may easily be spoofed by a fake NTP server You can specify an MD5 key number that the Sonoma_N12 GPS will use in its broadcast multicast packets The clients on your network must be configured to use the same key Would you like to spe
200. tputs on the CPU Module This command will list any connector that has an optional I O signal Connectors are identified as A B or C To change the PPO selection use the cpuioconfig command Command cpuio Sonoma reply PROGRAMMABLE PULSE OUTPUT is Installed Current Setting OFF Command cpuioconfig Sonoma reply Interactive script is started so you can change the pulse rate 5 Output This output provides IPPS signal There are several variations of the 1PPS Output signal such as 1PPS TTL 1PPS RS 422 and Inverted IPPS The Programmable Pulse Output also has 1PPS selection The 1PPS is a system signal This means that there is one IPPS signal that affects the whole sys tem In other words if your Sonoma has multiple 1PPS outputs and you change the pulse width then all IPPS outputs will be affected The pulse width is normally 1 millisecond wide when shipped from the factory but can be changed see below For details on the 1PPS signal definition see Appendix H Specifications View and Change the 1PPS Configuration Use the cpuio command to view the optional outputs on the CPU Module This command will list any connector that has an optional I O signal Connectors are identified as A B or C Use the sys temio command to view the 1PPS pulse width setting Command cpuio Sonoma reply CPU I O B 1 PPS OUTPUT is Installed Current Setting See systemio command Command systemio Sonomareply System I O
201. transfer and then displays progress to the console See Performing the GPS Subsystem Upgrade in Appendix B Upgrading the Firmware for more information 86 Sonoma User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS Command upgradesubsys Sonoma reply Upgrade progress is shown wrt sw opt See Chapter 10 Options Software Options for information on this command 87 Sonoma User Manval CHAPTER NINE This page intentionally left blank 88 Sonoma User Manual EndRun C VAN TECHNOLOGIES Software Options Chapter 727 Options Your Sonoma supports many input output I O options Several outputs via the CPU Module are available in addition to various power supply input options Status and user settings for the output signals can be easily viewed and modified via the console port Methods to do this are described in this chapter Refer to Chapter 4 1588 for details the Precision Time Protocol Refer to Appendix H Specifications for details on signals connector types pinouts etc An example of a software option is the Precision Time Protocol which is described in detail in Chap ter 4 PTP IEEE 1588 This section is about enabling software options in general using the Option in the examples below Normally EndRun products are configured from the factory with software options enabled But software options are also field installable In other words you can enable a software option yourself after you have
202. two lines to define your v3 users and their access parameters rwuser root priv 1 rouser ntpuser auth 1 3 6 1 4 1 13827 The first line defines a SNMPv3 read write user root whose minimum security level will be authenti cated and encrypted for privacy choices are noauth auth and priv and who will have read write ac cess to the entire iso 1 branch of the SMI object tree The second line defines a SNMPv3 read only user ntpuser whose minimum security level will be authenticated but not encrypted and who will have read only access to the entire iso org 3 dod 6 internet 1 private 4 enterprises 1 endRun TechnologiesMIB 13827 branch of the SMI object tree After adding the user lines to etc snmpd conf copy it to the boot etc directory using The second file is located on the non volatile FLASH disk and is used by the SNMP agent to store persistent data that may be dynamic in nature This may include the values of the MIB II variables sysLocation sysContact and sysName as well as any configured SNMPv3 user crypto keys In order to use SNMPv3 you must configure user keys in this file for each SNMPv3 user that you have set up in etc snmpd conf To do this you must add lines to boot net snmp snmpd conf like these for each user createUser root MD5 endrun 1 DES endrun 1 createUser ntpuser SHA Sonoma 0 The first line will cause the agent snmpd to create a user root who may be authenticated via Mes sage Digest Algori
203. up successfully and you are not able to telnet or ssh into the system after 90 seconds then there has been some kind of problem with the root file system upgrade It is possible that the file downloaded was corrupt or that you forgot to set your FTP down load file mode to binary when downloading the file either from the EndRun Technologies website or when transferring it to the Sonoma Recovering from a Failed RFS Upgrade To restore your Sonoma to a bootable state using the factory root file system you must use the serial port and reboot the Sonoma by cycling the power Refer to Chapter 2 Basic Installation Con 108 Sonoma User Manual UPGRADING THE FIRMWARE nect the Serial I O Port and Test the Serial I O Port for setup details When you have connected your terminal to the serial I O port apply power to the Sonoma Pay close attention to the terminal window while the unit is rebooting After the Linux bootloader displays the message Default kernel FACTORY To override and boot the UPGRADE version of the kernel type UPGRADE within 5 seconds Booting with FACTORY Kernel Default Root File System UPGRADE To override and boot the FACTORY version of the Root File System type FACTORY within 5 seconds you must begin typing factory within five seconds to let the bootloader know that you are going to override the default root file system After you hit lt enter gt the bootloader will boot the factory root file system W
204. valid 1 GPS fix Field 7 08 Number of SVs in use 00 08 Field 8 1 2 horizontal dilution of precision Field 9 14 5 Altitude above WGS84 ellipsoid we do not calculate mean sea level Field 10 indicates altitude is in meters Field 11 empty field Height of geoid mean sea level Field 12 empty field Units of geoidal separation Field 13 empty field Time in seconds since last DGPS update Field 14 empty field DGPS station ID number Checksum 72 Msg End lt CR gt lt LF gt GLL Position Data The GLL sentence identifies the position fix time of position fix and status Examples are below GPGLL V N 64 lt CR gt lt LF gt GPGLL 3827 030 N 12244 020 W 173423 00 A A 34 lt CR gt lt LF gt MsgID GPGLL Field 1 3827 030 Latitude in ddmm mmm Field 2 N Direction of latitude N north S south 98 Sonoma User Manval OPTIONS Field 3 12244 020 Longitude in dddmm mmm Field 4 W Direction of longitude W west E east Field 5 173423 00 UTC time of fix hhmmss ss Field 6 A A data valid V data not valid Field 7 A A autonomous mode N data not valid Checksum 34 Msg End lt CR gt lt LF gt GSA GPS DOP and Active Satellites The GSA sentence identifies the GPS position fix mode the Satellite Vehicles SVs used for navi gation and the Dilution of Precision DOP values DOP is an indication of the effect of satellite geometry on the accuracy of the fix An example is below GPGSA A 1 boe 1E lt
205. ve the rc M file 2 Now you need to copy the rc M file into a location that will ensure your changes persist through a system reset Copy etc rc d rc M to boot etc rc d as shown cp etc rc d rc M boot etc rc d For more details on ethtoo1 and how to use it type man ethtool Redirect Syslog Files to Remote Host You can redirect syslog files to a remote host syslog server by adding the standard Linux redirect commands to the Sonoma s syslog conf file Follow this sequence 1 Edit etc syslog conf using one of the editors on the previous page Insert this line remote host Substitute the actual name or IP address of your remote syslog server for remote host The most common log file to be directed to the Syslog Server is the messages log file which contains authenticated user login activity If you would like to only redirect this log info to the remote host insert this line instead of the one above messages log QGremote host Exit and save the syslog conf file 2 Now you need to copy the syslog conf file into a location that will ensure your changes persist through a system reset Copy etc syslog conf to boot etc syslog conf as shown cp etc syslog conf boot etc syslog conf 116 Sonoma User Manval GNU General Public License EndRun ANE TECHNOLOGIES Appendix D Third Party Software The Sonoma is running several different software products created and or maintained by open source projects Open
206. wd command issued from the prompt Issuing exit will close the ssh session Using HTTPS You may monitor the status of the Sonoma via the HTTPS interface For security reasons you may not change any settings via the HTTPS interface See Chapter 7 HTTPS for more information IMPORTANT SSH Telnet SNMP and HTTPS are all enabled with default passwords To ensure security change the passwords or disable the protocols To change the passwords for SSH Telnet and HTTPS use the Linux passwa command To change the passwords community strings for SNMP see Chapter 6 SNMP To disable Telnet SSH SNMP and HTTPS see Chapter 5 Security Disable Protocols 15 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER TWO This page intentionally left blank 16 Sonoma User Manual EndRun C TECHNOLOGIES Configuring the NTP Server Chapter Three Network Time Protocol NTP This chapter describes how to configure the Sonoma as an NTP Server It also includes brief instruc tion for setting up NTP Clients on your Unix like or Windows platform This manual is not a How To on installing and using NTP Only basic approaches to NTP client configuration for operation with the Sonoma will be described If you have never used NTP then you should spend some time reading the on line documents especially the Distribution Notes FAQ and Configuration subject matter which are available at http www ntp org A simple introduction to NTP is here
207. when using an antenna signal splitter In this case you may want to mask the fault Use the setant 1tmask command System Oscillator PLL PLL This fault indicates that there is an unlock condition between the main system oscillator and the other system timebase clocks This is a fatal fault Please contact EndRun Customer Support System Power Configuration PWR This fault indicates misconfiguration of the Sonoma chassis which may have caused a power over load This is a fatal fault Please contact EndRun Customer Support Primary Power Supply PRIPS Option Used only when the Dual Redundant Power Supplies are installed This fault indicates that the pri mary power supply is not producing an output See Chapter 10 Options Dual Redundant Power Supplies for information on the dual power supplies option Secondary Power Supply SECPS Option Used only when the Dual Redundant Power Supplies are installed This fault indicates that the sec ondary power supply is not producing an output See Chapter 10 Options Dual Redundant Power Supplies for information on the dual power supplies option 138 Sonoma User Manval EndRun OW TECHNOLOGIES Appendix Specifications GPS Receiver Band 1575 42 MHz 12 Channels C A Code Single satellite mode and dynamic platform mode 15 dB minimum gain at receiver input Timing Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring TRAIM Antenna TNC jack on rear panel Zin
208. wise leave it blank Note Though the agent will recognize multiple trapsink lines within etc snmpd conf and send the generic SNMP coldStart or authenticationFailure traps to multiple destinations the Sonoma enter prise MIB trap generation mechanism will only send a trap to the last declared trapsink in the file To have your Sonoma send SNMPv2c notifications SMIv2 RFC 2578 or informs you must con figure the communities and destinations by uncommenting and editing one or both of these lines in etc snmpd conf trap2sink trap2community trap2port informsink informcommunity informport where trap2community and informcommunity should be replaced by your communities and XXX XXX XXX XXX S the IP address or hostname of the destination host for receiving the notifica tions or informs generated by the Sonoma By default the v2c trap or inform will be sent to port 162 You may optionally add another parameter trap2port or informport to the ends of the above lines to override the default port setting Otherwise leave it blank Note Though the snmpd agent will recognize multiple trap2sink or informsink lines within etc snmpd conf and send the generic SNMP coldStart or authenticationFailure notifications and informs to multiple destinations the Sonoma enterprise MIB notification inform generation mecha nism will only send a notification to the last declared trap2sink and an inform to th
209. www endruntechnologies com pdf 5050 0015 000 pdf The GPS signal frequency is considered to be in the microwave range and is highly affected by impedance mismatches and discontinuities in the transmission cables All RF coax cables have a minimum bend radius In order to prevent damage cable should not be bent into tight curves It is critically important during installation that kinks are not allowed to form in the cable If RF coax cable is bent beyond its minimum bend radius then damage to the inner construction of the cable may result This can lead to much higher levels of loss and a non functioning GPS receiver Similarly care should be taken to ensure that the cable is not crushed or likely to be crushed later If the RF coax cable does suffer this kind of damage then the dimensions of the cable will be changed and it will not maintain its characteristic impedance Again this can result in a non functioning GPS receiver Please keep the above precautions in mind when you install the GPS cable It should not be treated like a garden hose or a power extension cord 126 Sonoma User Manual Long Cable Runs INSTALLING THE GPS ANTENNA Most GPS Time Servers are installed with only 50 feet 15 meters of antenna cable However there are many circumstances where 50 feet is inadequate EndRun can accommodate a cable length of up to 1000 feet using a combination of low loss cable and preamplifiers Recommended Cable The factory supplied G
210. x H Specifica tions for the signal connections for the Sonoma Once you have successfully established communications with the Sonoma you may proceed to configure the network parameters using netconfig see below Then you can communicate with the Sonoma over the network using telnet or ssh and synchronize your network computers to UTC using NTP Using netconfig to Set Up Your IP The script file netcon ig will configure the TCP IP network parameters for your Sonoma When setting up the IP addresses on both network port 0 ethO and 1 eth 1 Be sure that they are NOT on the same subnet 2 Configure the default gateway on either port 0 eth0 or port 1 eth1 BUT NOT BOTH If you want to use the HTTPS Interface then be sure to configure the name server IP address during the netconfig process The HTTPS Interface will not operate properly if this is configured incorrectly Only one name server is required but two gives some redundancy The following shows the beginning of the netcon ig interactive script 11 Sonoma User Manual CHAPTER TWO kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Sonoma N12 GPS IPV4 IPV6 Network Configuration s dxwkdk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk This script will configure the TCP IPV4 IPV6 network parameters for your Sonoma_N12 GPS We will first configure IPV4 and then IPV6 Your Sonoma N12 G
211. x Operating System Chapter Five Security Your Sonoma incorporates several important security features to prevent unauthorized tampering with its operation Many of these are standard multiple user access control features of the underlying Linux operating system which controls the Sonoma Others are provided by the additional protocol servers selected for inclusion in your Sonoma and the way that they are configured Secure user authentication and session privacy while performing routine monitoring and maintenance tasks are provided by the OpenSSH implementations of the secure shell daemon sshd and its com panion secure copy utility sep The Apache implementation of the Hyper Text Transport Protocol HTTP with Secure Sockets Layer SSL daemon httpd provides for a secure encrypted session with a digital certificate The NET SNMP implementation of the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP daemon snmpd conforms to the latest Internet standard known as SNMPv3 which also supports secure user authentication and session privacy In addition the Network Time Proto col daemon ntpd supports client server authentication security measures to deter spoofing of NTP clients by rogue NTP servers This chapter describes these security measures and gives the advanced network administrator information that will allow custom configuration to fit specific security needs IMPORTANT SSH Telnet SNMP and HTTP are all enabled with default p
212. ynamic mode is set or not Dynamic mode should Mode be OFF when the Sonoma is in a static not moving position To change the dynamic mode setting use the gpsdynmode command WGS 84 Reference Position Position Source The source of the reference position can be UNK Unknown position DYN Dynamic Position determined while in Dynamic Mode USR User entered reference position AVG Average is a 24 hour average of GPS fixes To change the reference position source use the gpsrefpos command Latitute The WGS 84 latitude and longitude in degrees minutes and seconds format Longitude and the height above the WGS 84 reference ellipsoid in meters is shown Height Refer to Appendix D Installing the GPS Antenna About WGS 84 WGS 84 Last Position Fix Latitude These fields show information for the most recent position fix The WGS 84 Longitude latitude and longitude in degrees minutes seconds format and the height above Height the WGS 84 reference ellipsoid in meters is shown Refer to Appendix D Installing the GPS Antenna About WGS 84 GPS UTC Almanac Info These fields show the ICD GPS 200 almanac parameters which are used to relate GPS time to UTC LS LSF These fields contain the current leap second and future leap second values WNLSF DN These fields show the GPS week number and day number of week at the end of which the future leap second will take effect This could be in the past if a leap Sonoma User Manu
213. zed to that level of accuracy It may also be useful to start the NTP daemon in debug mode to confirm successful con figuration Refer to the NTP documentation for detailed usage of these debug utilities Unix like Platforms MD5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup MDS authenticated setup is relatively simple if You have been able to successfully communicate with the Sonoma on your network Your Sonoma has been configured to perform authentication either by factory default or by run ning the ntpcon ig shell script The example Sonoma authentication configuration shown in Con figuring NTP Using the Network Interface or Serial Port above will be assumed in the example configuration commands shown here You have installed NTP on your client computer You have successfully performed the Unix like Platforms Basic NTP Client Setup on your client computer Create the ntp keys File You must create file named ntp keys in the etc directory It must be a copy of the one residing in the etc directory of your Sonoma You can telnet into your Sonoma and start an session with your client computer to send the Sonoma s etc ntp keys file to your client computer use the secure copy utility sep or you can just use a text editor on your client computer to create an equivalent file IMPORTANT Handling of the etc ntp keys file is the weak link in the MD5 authentication scheme It is very impor tant that it

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