firetracer and conduit details
Contents
1. Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 ic 14 am The room with four pipes With four pipes the response time is now reduced to 15 seconds or one third of the single pipe time The system is well balanced and therefore the response time for each pipe is the same The sampling holes in the system are at 5 meter intervals giving a general overall coverage of the room The minimum distances involved in situating the pipes and holes are discussed in sections 3 3 1 and 3 4 1 4 2 2 Dilution The response time example does not only show the benefit of shorter pipes on response times Dilution is also kept to a minimum by reducing the length of the pipes As the name suggests dilution is the process of lessening the concentration of smoke particles as the sample is sucked towards the detector Wide bore and micro bore systems are affected in slightly different ways For example with wide bore pipes There is a Sampling pipe measuring 100 meters It has sampling holes every 5 meters giving 20 sampling holes including the end cap It can be assumed in this simplified case that the sampling holes let in approximately the same amount of air as each other A smoke source of 2 obscuration meter is introduced at the far end of the pipe No other smoke is entering any of the other sampling holes As the smoke passes each hole it is added to with clean air When the sample reaches the detector it is now at 0 1 obscuration m2. as expected and if any further design is required in order to achieve the desired performance from the system 4 2 Response Times and Dilution Dilution and response times are two factors that can cause the system to under perform 4 2 1 Response Times The response time of a system is the time taken for a smoke particle to travel from the sampling point to the detector In any situation where an air sampling system is being used early detection is vital and therefore response times are kept to a minimum The simplest method of achieving this is to keep pipe lengths to a minimum This is not always possible but in this example the benefits of using more than one pipe in short lengths is demonstrated Example The advantage of multiple sampling pipes This room has a single sampling pipe that provides detection for the whole room In the above picture the single pipe runs for approximately 90 meters If the data is entered into the PipeTracer software a response time of 46 seconds is given Apart from the length of pipe and the distances between bends all other variables were left at the default values for the purposes of this example This includes the heights of the room and system and the frequency and size of the sampling holes The room with two sampling pipes With two pipes the response time is reduced by about half to 22 seconds Each pipe is 50 meters long but the system gives the same coverage as it would with one pipe
3. coil the excess flexible tubing if a shorter length is required this is not shown in the pictures Note Ensure there are no kinks in any part of the system Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 i 26 Icam 4 5 Unusual Applications 4 5 1 High Areas Typical examples Atria Cathedrals When designing a system to fit in a very large and high room such as an atrium or high level warehouse it is very important to consider the various possibilities A simple atrium design is shown below utilising two vertical pipes The smoke cloud is shown as an example of how a stratification layer prevents the pipes at the top of the building being effective The height at which the smoke forms a layer varies depending on temperature and therefore a vertical sampling pipe is used to cover this There may be no stratification layer at all if the air in the room is at a particular temperature 1 ul i s i iu 3 Il l I I I i li J I J JI J I J J I li ti n I l 1 I I 1 I I 1 I I 1 1 I 5 ke i aS I A H LI i LI I i _ i i 68000 eee eee n n I i ph 1 LI LI I Si ll fi do 5 N SS NT WR NT 1 I l LI A La LI co LI ie i SS a Se eS Pil og Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 gt di Icam EEE o Ee a i 4 5 2 Clean Rooms Very sensitive fire protection is normally required in clean rooms due to the
4. has 4 vertical pipes FireTracer 4 and 6 have horizontal pipe entries 3 4 2 Pipe Sections and Fittings e Straight pipe sections e Sockets e Unions P ce Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 i icam e Holes typically 3mm diameter e End caps typically with a 6mm hole e Bends 452 and 90 these slow bends minimise pressure loss in the system NOTE After the wide bore pipe network has been installed before the end cap is put on and before the pipes are attached to the unit each pipe run should be cleaned using compressed gas or a vacuum cleaner on the end of the pipe e Capillary tubes Part No 09 0003 10b Pipe Tracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 icam 3 4 3 Brackets e Channel Bracket e Studding Bracket e Wall Bracket SS 3 4 4 Sintered Filter e End of line sintered filter for micro bore systems E Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 amp 10 Icam 3 5 PipeTracer Software PipeTracer is ICAM s pipework modelling and flow calculation software for wide bore systems Once you have modelled your pipe network PipeTracer can predict such quantities as e Flow times response e Flow volumes e Pressure drops This package has been designed to be simple to use For example a set up wizard simplifies the creation of your pipe network while a multi level undo redo facility is available in the editing stage
5. sampling pipes at the position the smoke is most likely to reach This should be established by performing extensive smoke tests making sure the smoke is clearly visible 3 2 Still Air Environments without AHUs Still air environments such as warehouses or store rooms do not have a pattern for the air movement This means that the Sampling points must give general cover across the whole expanse of the area Each system can cover a total area of 2000m but careful consideration must be given to the layout in order to design a balanced network that will perform as required Failure to design and install a properly thought out pipe network can result in slow response times thereby negating some of the early warning ability of the system The way to avoid any problems occurring is to ensure that all pipes are a similar or preferably equal length Part No 09 0003 10b Pipe Tracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 l e Icam El Ma coco Ca 3 3 Unusual Applications Due to the fact that most installations take place in different environments the guidelines above are fairly flexible The exceptions come when exceptional environments are involved If the area is essentially a room with or without AHUs then the rules are straightforward and vary little from place to place Unusual applications are those which deviate in some way that changes the way the air movements may behave These include high areas voids restricted areas or those which have S
6. should the initial design require altering Either metric or imperial units may be selected for editing and display A key requirement of such software is the need to calculate air flows through the pipe network Advanced numerical optimisation techniques ensure that this process is very fast All calculations are based upon full fluid dynamics theory and so take account of laminar and turbulent flow regimes within the system w PipeTracer Setup Wizard Part No 09 0003 10b Pipe Tracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 icam 3 6 Micro bore Systems The ICAM FireTracer 8 and 15 have 8 and 15 micro bore pipes respectively The 4mm 1 D pipe is flexible and therefore easy to install Note It is vital that the pipes are of a similar length If this is not the case performance may be severely affected In contrast with the wide bore systems air is only drawn in through the end of the pipe When smoke is detected the system will scan the pipes until the source is found Such systems are particularly suited to cabinet protection where a pipe may be placed directly in each cabinet This offers pinpoint location combined with the earliest possible detection In this example the flexible pipes are laid in the floor void and brought up to the top of each cabinet The smoke is not diluted by being mixed with the general air in the room nor is it dependent upon the vagaries of air currents Since each cabinet h
7. type of work that is performed in them Air handling units are necessary to enable the air to be changed and filtered This means that the basic rules for rooms with AHUs are applicable In general the sampling should take place in front or within the extract ducts before the air reaches any kind of filter The Sampling pipe should cover as much of the grill as possible to maximise the likelihood of detection It is recommended that pipe lengths are kept to a minimum to reduce response times as much as possible TTT mi Soe oe Lo inn Part No 09 0003 10b Pipe Tracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 2 icam EEE ER Ee l OEE 4 5 3 Cold Stores Cold stores often introduce extra difficulties into the design of a system The temperatures at which the room operates must be taken into account If the pipe network is inside the cold store the following few points should be noted Temperature changes may cause expansion or contraction in the pipe ABS pipe has a linear coefficient of expansion of 10 1 x 10 C m If this is multiplied by the length or pipe and the temperature change then a figure for the expansion or contraction is given If the nature of the system gives no allowance for variation in the pipe length it is advisable to incorporate a simple U bend to act as an expansion contraction loop as shown below The pipes themselves should be suspended or attached further away than usual from the ceiling or wall as these ma
8. 00 square meter building Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 icam Layouts showing a sampling system in a simple 2000 square meter building The four pipes cover the same area The red dots show the position of the sampling holes which are identical to the position of the point detectors above The width of the pipes and the FT 4 in the picture are enlarged in order to make them clearly visible Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 icam 4 4 2 Capillary Sampling Short lengths of small diameter flexible pipe may be spurred off from the main wide bore pipe This pipe should have an internal diameter of no less than 7mm and can be of lengths up to 5meters To create the sampling point a sampling point assembly should be used This is particularly useful for Concealed sampling points For aesthetic reasons the sampling points may need to be as unobtrusive as possible Often the main wide bore pipe runs through a ceiling void with capillary sample pipes taken off through the ceiling The picture shows two capillary tubes in a ceiling void providing sampling points in the ceiling below The sampling holes are made using a sampling point assembly This is a simple assembly into which the capillary tube fits a plate is screwed to the wall or ceiling and a sintered end of line filter is the sampling point itself This assembly is shown in the right picture Part No 09 0003 10b Pi
9. Pipe Installation Manual icam Revision 1 0 ICAM limited Spring Gardens London Road Washington West Sussex BN20 3BS UK Tel 44 0 1903 892222 Fax 44 0 1903 892277 e mail address icam icam ltd uk Website www firetracer com COPYRIGHT INFORMATI ON ICAM Ltd Copyright 2004 This document may not be reproduced in whole or in part by any means without the prior permission of the copyright owner Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual 1 ICAM is an LPCB registered firm ISO 9001 2000 Certificate No 451 Copyright C 2004 Contents L_NFROLUCIO a easier ei 3 L PR SA MIP UNG iii ti 4 zi USA 4 Leda very Early Detectioti pena dita ian isa 4 2 42 CORNI eater bap Smet eyes bie oth deren nee entiation 4 2 1 3 Protection of Voids Inaccessible and High Areas i 4 2 1 4 Combined Fire amp Gas Detection with Options tr rttr trt rt rnnr PrPrEEEEEEEPrEEEEEEEErEEE EEO 4 2 15 FOGA 5 2 1 6 MNS MOH MENS eA NS ea E E S E EIEEE EEE E ENE E E T ESEE EE e ase 5 5 CENERE ridare 6 3 1 Layouts with Air Handling Units AHUS ei 6 5 2 Still Air Environments without AHUS scisma 6 Sed Unusual APICI 7 5 WGS Enia stan E EEEE 7 3 4 1 LEE RR PIE 7 3 4 2 Pipe Sections and REMO ilaria 8 3 4 3 E EELE lina ii in 10 3 4 4 SOE Bae a TOERE ET eni ee ili 10 do PVE Csr aa 11 3 0 Miro SSN areal case ga er iii iaia 12 4 Detailed Design and Installation sssssssnsrererensssssrsrsrnrsn
10. afety considerations and places where samples may be contaminated with dust In these different and variable situations it is vital to perform smoke tests to establish the air movements 3 4 Wide bore Systems Conventional air sampling systems have one to six wide bore rigid pipes It is recommended that ABS pipe is used due to its strength and heat resistant properties These pipes are usually hung under the ceiling of the area to be protected Air is drawn in from the protected area through a number of small holes in the sidewall of the pipe Example of an ABS wide bore pipe with sampling holes The ICAM FireTracer 1 and Pico are good examples of such a system When smoke enters the central detector an alarm is raised but the unit cannot determine through which pipe the smoke has come The ICAM FireTracers 4 amp 6 have four and six pipes respectively When smoke is detected these units scan through each pipe individually and can therefore provide a much clearer indication of the smoke source Micro bore systems also have this facility NOTE Pipes should be glued together to avoid separation or leaks but the pipes must not be glued into the unit itself Removable unions should be used where maintenance may require pipes to be taken apart or removed 3 4 1 Main Units e Pico One pipe running vertically and or horizontally Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 4 Icam e FireTracer FireTracer 1
11. as an individual pipe if an alarm occurs the source can be traced to a single cabinet rather than the whole room This minimises time taken to find the source It is recommended that a sintered end of line filter be used at the end of every pipe as shown in section 2 4 4 This will ensure that the airflow is not impeded by blockages such as insects A sampling point like the one below can also be used to provide both a sturdy and safe end point and also an aesthetically pleasing one These can be screwed to walls or ceilings and also incorporate filters The sampling point is shown as actual size 34mm outer diameter Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 i Icam OCO C ro gt a 4 Detailed Design and Installation 4 1 The Design Process When designing the actual sampling pipe network there are many factors that need to be considered The site must be carefully surveyed and as much information as possible should be gathered 1 Requirements The first consideration is to precisely ascertain the requirements of the installation Once these have been decided the type of situation can be looked at 2 Activities The types of activities that take place within the space are very important A public area of a particular shape could well have different system requirements to a warehouse of a similar shape Some different examples are outlined below Historic buildings Chill and Cold stores Microelectronics cl
12. ean rooms EDP rooms offices communications switch rooms Shops theatres leisure centres churches libraries Hotels hospitals prisons Factories warehouses Other information such as the expected hours of operation whether the area is manned or unmanned and whether any pollution or dirty air is present should also be taken into account 3 Physical Characteristics Once the general installation type has been considered the physical characteristics of the space are looked at and the following questions should be asked e Is itaroom void cabinet or enclosure e Are there any floor or ceiling voids and if so how are they divided are there any ducts what are these used for and are there any services already present e What are the exact measurements of the space e What materials have been used and are there any areas where the network has to avoid e Are there any existing fire protection systems and where are they situated 4 Environmental Conditions The environment within the space can have a very significant bearing on which sampling method should be used to protect it As already mentioned the smoke tests are vital in gathering this information This can tell you the patterns of air movement the rate of circulation and whether the airflow is static at any point Other considerations include If fresh air is introduced at what rate and in what quantity Is a reference detector necessary due to pollution What is the temp
13. ending on the particular application This manual therefore gives overall guidelines that can be applied to any system but also a number of specialised set ups are described in more detail These include Clean rooms Cold stores Duct sampling High or large area buildings Computer Centres This guide is intended to give general guidelines for installing air sampling systems but in each case the local standards and codes of practice should be taken into account Guidance on the design of systems is given in BS 5839 BS 6266 and or BFPSA Code of Practice for Category 1 Aspirating Detection Systems It is strongly recommended that before designing the pipe work system smoke tests be undertaken in order to show the patterns of air movement within the areas to be protected This is particularly important in rooms with air handling equipment More details are given at relevant points throughout the text Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 3 Icam X1 i ep o 2 AIR SAMPLI NG ICAM manufactures air sampling systems with a conventional wide bore and also a unique micro bore pipe work Both types of system are suitable for monitoring sensitive installations such as clean rooms computer centres telecommunications rooms and other areas Air sampling is the technique where air is drawn through pipes from protected areas to a central unit where the actual smoke gas detector is situated T
14. erature and relative humidity and are these constant or variable Are there any activities that may produce smoke dust steam or flames and how often does this occur 5 Risk Assessment With any installation it is likely that some areas require more protection than others This could be because of expensive equipment or a particularly vulnerable area such as a store for flammable materials These more susceptible areas must be considered along with any structural hazards such as synthetic materials and foams or soft wood partitioning 6 Potential Sites There are also factors to consider when deciding on the position at which the FireTracer itself will be situated The main aim when positioning the FireTracer unit is to try to ensure a balanced system This means that the pipes should be kept at similar lengths It is also important to try and keep response times and dilution to a minimum These are two very important factors in air sampling and are discussed in more detail in the following section The unit requires a power supply and access will be required for maintenance There may also be aesthetic reasons why a particular position is not suitable Part No 09 0003 10b Pipe Tracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 13 Icam 7 PipeTracer Once the network has been designed as long as it is a wide bore network PipeTracer can be used to calculate the response times flow volumes and pressure drops This shows whether the network will perform
15. es situated in front of the grills facing into the airflow to maximise the sample The airflow is indicated by the light blue arrows Air is sucked in through the grill and pumped back out of vents in the ceiling Ideally the pipes between the AHUs would run under the floor or within the wall but are shown here and throughout the examples for demonstration purposes Unions are used on either side of the grill to enable maintenance to take place 4 3 4 AHUs with High Level Return A typical AHU with high level return is shown below The pipes have sampling holes above the grills These are at an angle of 45 facing into the airflow The airflow is indicated by the light blue arrows The air is re circulated and comes out of vents on the other side of the room Part No 09 0003 10b Pipe Tracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 is icam EEE ER Ee ll AB EEE 4 3 5 AHUs with Under Floor Return An AHU with under floor return is shown below Two pipes are used to ensure that the area of the grill is properly covered The air is drawn up through the floor therefore the pipes are suspended beneath the air intake Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 e l 19 Icam 4 3 6 Design for Duct Sampling Systems Ducts are regions of very high airflow Sampling in these areas can be very beneficial Large areas can be protected with relatively few pipes thereby reducing the costs involved This method is also very unobt
16. eter or 1 20 of its starting density Therefore if the first alarm threshold is set at 0 1 obs m the smoke outside the hole must exceed 2 obs m to sound the alarm It is the case therefore that the longer the pipe and the greater the number of sampling holes the more susceptible the system will be to dilution It is wise to work on a worst case principle in these situations In actuality the calculation of dilution is not as straightforward as above and more factors are involved Each system will have different characteristics meaning precise calculation is extremely complicated With micro bore systems there are no side sampling holes to let in clean air The dilution occurs at the detector when the pipes come together If an FT15 is being used with all of its fifteen pipes sampling then each pipe brings in 1 15 of the Sampled air assuming a balanced system The number of pipes is directly related to the fraction of the total air that is sampled making calculations more straightforward than with wide bore systems Lower Smoke in density to high density _ detector EET ea Part No 09 0003 10b Pipe Tracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 icam 4 3 Layouts with Air Handling Units 4 3 1 Design for Rapid Air Movement Environments Typical examples Computer rooms data storage rooms archives control rooms and environmental test chambers Design to BS EN 6266 1992 for EDP Areas The standard recommends that a single detector covers a
17. his is in contrast with point detectors where the unit is actually in the protected area The sampled air is monitored by sophisticated analysers for very low levels of smoke This enables very early warning to be given well before the first flame is visible 2 1 Uses of Air sampling Air sampling offers many benefits Very early detection due to high sensitivity Central service using pipe network Protection of voids inaccessible high areas Combined fire and gas detection as well as many other options such as humidity flood warning and temperature Good flexibility due to being microprocessor controlled e Invisible installations using micro bore pipes or capillary tube sampling within ceilings or below floors 2 1 1 Very Early Detection Fires rarely break out in an instantaneous conflagration Instead the fire source may smoulder for hours or days before the flames appear In this incipient or pre fire stage combustion products mainly smoke are generated but at levels which conventional point systems simply cannot spot One example is an over heating resistor The failure of a component costing very little may cause equipment loss and severe damage The key requirement is to detect the pre fire indications while there is still time to correct the problem Air sampling systems employ a much more sensitive detector than point systems point systems detect at 1 0 Obscuration meter and higher These sophisticated devices can
18. le Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 Icam 3 GENERAL DESIGN The majority of aspirated smoke detection systems are used in one of two ways The first is when there is an air handling system in the area to be protected The second is when sampling points are used where one would normally use standard detectors mainly in still air environments There are also specific layouts and applications some of which will be covered later although it is always necessary to look closely at any installation because almost every location is different A classic system layout is shown below This is the most basic of wide bore set ups Wall brackets End cap Pipe with with hole sampling holes 3 1 Layouts with Air Handling Units AHUs In any area where AHUs are used computer rooms for instance it can normally be assumed that all the air is regularly cycled through the units or ducts This means that the sampling points need to be located at or within these ducts in order to gain the most effective protection It is vital that if it is necessary an AHU should be operating at all times when being used with an aspirated smoke detection system If this is not the case then the system will become ineffective due to the lack of air circulation If this is unavoidable then a more complicated system incorporating both duct sampling and general sample points can be implemented In all cases the aim must be to place the
19. limited in gas type and require another installation for each new gas As well as having an option of gas detection environmental monitoring Is also available This means that parameters such as temperature humidity flood warnings and security controls can all be monitored with a single e series product Part No 09 0003 10b Pipe Tracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 Icam e e lt a a 2 1 5 Flexibility ICAM units are microprocessor controlled The control systems are therefore programmable from the unit front panels Alarm levels amp sensitivities can be set individually for each pipe These can also have separate values for day and night along with user configurable alarm delays There is also an option to change the display language as well as use a remote panel which can be situated away from the detector or use the fully integrated software to configure and monitor the system from a PC 2 1 6 I nvisible installations Often in situations such as historical buildings it is important to keep the installation from interfering with the d cor or structure The FT15 uses micro bore pipes which are not only small in diameter but are also extremely flexible This enables pipe runs to be hidden in coving or a similarly unobtrusive place When using large bore pipes capillary tubes can be used for hiding sampling points The majority of the pipes are above the ceiling or beneath the floor and only the end of the capillary tube is visib
20. n area of 25 30 sq meters All measurements are in meters In any situation where air handling units are involved the nature of these has to be taken into account The majority will require the sampling holes to be drilled directly in the air flow at the return grill or duct This is the point at which any smoke will definitely pass through while the AHU is operating If the AHU does not operate permanently either due to power failure maintenance or as a standard setting the directions for still air environments must be taken into account If this is the case then a secondary element must be built into the system to ensure complete twenty four hour coverage Smoke tests should be performed at this stage to discover the patterns of air flow within the space With sampling system installations it is very unlikely that there will be two that are identical to each other The following examples of various installations are therefore guidelines which are designed to show the principles behind designing such a system In order not to detract from the design basics the illustrations have been kept simple by not showing brackets and holes where they would clutter the picture although it must not be assumed that these are unnecessary The categories of air handling unit that are looked at are Simple re circulation Low level return High level return Under floor return Because of dilution by the rapid air movement no more than 3 air handlers
21. peTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 amp 25 Icam OO Ce boo CO rrr 4 4 3 Localised Monitoring Capillary pipes can be run into individual cabinets or places but often it is preferable to monitor each cabinet separately With the icam micro bore systems this is easily achieved The FT 15 has fifteen individual micro bore tubes enabling the simultaneous monitoring of fifteen different places These could all be server cabinets or each tube can monitor a completely unrelated situation In the picture below a single FireTracer is monitoring three server cabinets two points in an air handling unit the outside air as a reference line the hydrogen levels in a UPS room using a gas sensor Pe This still leaves eight lines free which could be used in areas such as open frame racking or more server cabinets Due to the nature of the system there is no dilution along the pipe and it is not affected by air currents The pinpoint detection offered by this system further increases the benefits of early warning systems by allowing the user to track down the exact location of the fault immediately when it is first detected The balance of the pipes is very important If all the pipes are not of a similar length performance may be severely affected The longer pipes in an unbalanced system will not perform as well as the shorter ones If all the pipes are the same length this problem is easily avoided One way of achieving this is to
22. pick up the traces of incipient fires between 0 01 and 0 1 Obscuration meter and raise an alarm The incident can then be dealt with well before it becomes an actual fire 2 1 2 Central Service In ICAM FireTracers only the central unit placed at a convenient location requires servicing The alternative is servicing tens of point detectors maybe located in many different rooms This system of using a pipe network with sampling points means that with the FT4 for instance 2000 m can be covered with just one detector Alternatively with an FT15 fifteen different server cabinets could be monitored individually Therefore if a fault or alarm is sounded the person responsible can immediately pinpoint where the problem is without having to look at many detectors individually 2 1 3 Protection of Voids I naccessible and High Areas Air samplers are ideal for such situations Sampling points are installed once and then require no further service By contrast point detectors being located in the actual area may be difficult or even impossible to test service or update because of the location 2 1 4 Combined Fire amp Gas Detection with options ICAM units feature the patented Gaswitch This prevents sample contamination between pipes Multiple detectors for different gases can also be placed in the unit using the same pipe network valve pump etc High quality sensors can then be used By contrast gas point detectors are expensive
23. pipe a condensation trap can be used to avoid the moisture reaching the detector As shown in the picture below the micro bore pipe is connected to an end cap which forms the trap The moisture will collect in the pipe but run down and eventually out of the system prior to entering the detector Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 i icam 4 3 8 Sub floors and ceiling voids In some cases it is advisable to monitor a sub floor area or ceiling void even if it is not part of the main air conditioning system A typical example will be if they contain power or data cables as shown in the picture below Here an FT 6 has four of its sampling tubes going up to the roof space and two going down into the sub floor Pipework to BS6266 1992 for primary detection Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 2 icam 4 4 Design for Still Air Environments 4 4 1 General Still Air Design Typical examples Warehouses store rooms cold stores historic buildings places of worship Design Criterion Design to BS EN 54 BS 5839 Pt 1 that states that no point in the room should be further away from a detector than 7 5 meters Each detector should cover an area no greater than 100 square meters Each system should not cover more than 2 000 square meters Keep the pipe lengths as similar as possible to ensure a balanced system and minimal response times Layouts showing point detectors in a simple 20
24. rusive which can be an important factor in deciding the type of installation The high sensitivity of the e series systems compensates for the large airflows involved in some systems Only sample in air return ducts air supply ducts can filter and change the air making the system unreliable and inaccurate If the ventilation system does not operate permanently it may be necessary to install a secondary system In some countries this is mandatory The intake pipe should span approximately two thirds of the duct width If the duct is very wide then to increase rigidity the pipe may span the whole duct It should have sampling holes at 100 mm intervals which face directly into the airflow The end of the pipes should be cut at 45 The holes through which the pipes are positioned must be kept airtight The intake should be offset from the exhaust pipe to avoid turbulence with at least 300mm separating the two The exhaust pipe should have no sampling holes and the 45 cut should face away from the airflow It should cover approximately one third of the duct width This helps to draw air through the system and back to the duct and avoids certain pressure differences that may cause problems Part No 09 0003 10b Pipe Tracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 2 icam ES ro gt eee 4 3 7 Condensation Trap If the air being sampled is hot and humid and there is the possibility of a temperature change causing condensation to form in the sampling
25. should be covered by one air sampling system Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 L Icam 4 3 2 Simple Re circulation Units The most basic type of air handling unit is a simple re circulation system The unit moves air around the room rather than drawing fresh air into the system In this case either the exhaust or the return grille may be covered An example of a ceiling mounted re circulation unit is shown below Here as established by a smoke test the air is blown out of the sides of the ceiling mounted air conditioning unit and drawn back in to the centre of the unit The green arrows show the direction of the air flow The pipe work is suspended underneath the return grill with the sampling holes facing into the air flow The use of a removable union not shown allows the access to the air handling unit for maintenance This is achieved by using a union rather than a solvent welded socket This final point is a very important consideration It is crucial that your pipe work does not prevent access to the air handling unit Therefore use unions rather than solvent welded sockets in places where you will need to move pipe work for access to other equipment W ALWAYS RECONNECT PI PEWORK AFTER INSPECTI ON Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 ir icam 4 3 3 AHUs with Low Level Return A typical AHU with low level return is shown below The pipes have sampling hol
26. snrnsesrsrsrsrsnsnsrarororonsreninnnnnrnnrorerernsisusas 13 dl The Design ProCOSS aaa 13 4 2 Response Times and Dilution ii 14 4 2 1 Rebora iaia ai ia 14 4 2 2 NILE h eka a PEN E E A N E E iii 15 4 3 Layouts with Air Handling Urania iii an a rain via 16 4 3 1 Design Tor Rapid Ar Movement ENVIFONMEnRtS iiclra ini 16 4 3 2 Simple Re circulation UN peace a 17 4 3 3 AHUS With Low Level RELU eissii EnEn rA E ar 18 4 3 4 PS AS lh Sh FS PR RA EE E rtrt r tOr OR EE OE 18 4 3 5 AHUS with Under Floor RETI 19 4 3 6 Design tor DUCE Sampling Sye Siren a 20 4 3 7 Dae AEE A E E E E ia 21 4 3 8 Sub floors and ceiling MOIO 22 4A Designfor SUl Air ENVIronMeENtS 2s0xesccddcsessedouiacerscespagessaacsseuesiaatebsadesanneseadesmaacterestseeabeiatcbeae aaah 23 4 4 1 Cenere Aaa i 23 4 4 2 a IN SIO rie rp ipa tai to pianti paio iraniana 25 4 4 3 Locali cb ohiciitctai aaa 26 45 Upu sua APRICA 27 4 5 1 FARR PPC ERROR RR O RT 27 4 5 2 CSc ONG ai ates E aie az oat pense ascent eae iii piani 28 4 5 3 CIEL 29 4 5 4 SM e ola iva 30 4 5 5 Wola ia 30 4 5 6 ReFill allo 31 Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 2 icam OO CN a Ya 1 INTRODUCTION This document is a guide for the installation of pipe work for air sampling systems The pipe network is just as important as the detector itself and provides a means of obtaining a reliable and continuous sample of air to be monitored The pipework for air sampling systems can vary greatly dep
27. tion As with most installations aesthetically it is good practice to run the pipes through roof or floor spaces as has been mentioned earlier Here the number of parallel pipes makes this especially desirable Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 j icam
28. y vary from the air temperature If an air blowing chiller unit is used then the pipes should be kept out of the immediate airflow as this air is often significantly colder than the room itself to maintain the correct temperature Sampling holes should be drilled on the side of the pipes to minimise the risk of blockage due to ice formation Vertical pipes running into the room from outside and areas where condensation could collect must be avoided Part No 09 0003 10b PipeTracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 29 Icam 4 5 4 Supermarkets Supermarkets and superstores require a high level of protection due to the number of people using the space at certain times of the day The picture below assumes a simple room layout but in reality there is likely to be large air conditioning systems The guidelines for areas with air handling units then apply I 4 5 5 Warehouses Warehouses can be considered to be similar to superstores except the same problems that can occur with high buildings need to be taken into account Vertical sampling points may be needed and the pipe lengths should be monitored to ensure reasonable response times Part No 09 0003 10b Pipe Tracer User Manual Copyright C 2004 icam QNM ER M 4 5 6 Server Rooms The e series micro bore systems are recommended for use with applications such as server and EDP rooms The benefit of having individual cabinet monitoring is very important for achieving maximum protec
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search