Using External Files
Contents
1. put Here is the latest report for dept if dept marketing then put ATTN Sales Representatives else put For Your Information put EM SEND Send the message put EM NEWMSG Clear the message attributes return Using External Files A Example Sending E Mail Using SCL Code 183 lastobs put EM ABORT Abort the message before the Run statement causes it to be sent again datalines Susan Jim Rita Herb run marketing marketing development development The resulting email message and its attachments are dependent on the department to which the recipient belongs Note You must use the EM_NEWMSG directive to clear the message attributes between recipients The EM_ ABORT directive prevents the message from being automatically sent at the end of the DATA step a Example Sending E Mail Using SCL Code The following example is the SCL code behind a frame entry designed for email The frame entry includes several text entry fields that let the user enter information mailto copyto subject linel the user ID to send mail to the user ID to copy CC the mail to the subject of the mail message the text of the mail message The frame entry also contains a push button named SEND that causes this SCL code marked by the send label to execute send re if set up a fileref filename mailit2. userid email if the fileref was successfully set up open the file to write to re 0 then do fid fopen mailit o if fid gt 0 then do fput statements are used to implement writing the mail and the components such as subject who to mail to etc fputrel fput fid linel re fwrite fid 184 Example Sending E Mail Using SCL Code A Chapter 7 fputre2 fput fid EM TO mailto re fwrite fid fputre3 fput fid EM CC copyto re fwrite fid fputrc4 fput fid EM SUBJECT subject re fwrite fid closerc fclose fid end end return cancel call execcmd end return
3. The number of characters in the quoted string must not exceed the maximum filename length that OpenVMS allows 255 characters Here are some examples of valid file specifications infile node2 device dirl subdirl food dat file mydir prices dat To access a particular version of a file include the version number in the quoted file specification If you omit the version number then SAS uses the most recent version when reading and it creates a new version when writing To append records to the end of an existing file use the MOD option in the FILE statement type APPEND in windowing environment filename fields or use the FAPPEND function For example the following FILE statement appends data lines to the file PRICES DAT 1 file prices dat 1 mod Using Wildcard Characters in External File Specifications You can use the following wildcard characters inside a SAS job wherever a quoted string file specification is allowed except that you cannot use them in a FILE statement asterisk matches all files percent sign matches any character ellipsis searches all subdirectories The following are some examples of valid uses of wildcard characters filename myfile data Sinclude sas infile test dat infile data test_data Using External Files A Using Aggregate Syntax to Identify External Files 169 The special characters pou
4. and a copy of the log including the first column of data is stored in the file OUT LOG For more information about command procedure files see Invoking SAS from a Command Procedure File on page 23 Command Procedures on page 13 and OpenVMS User s Manual Displaying Information about External Files As in other operating environments you can use the following form of the FILENAME statement under OpenVMS to list the attributes of all the external files that are assigned for your current SAS process FILENAME ALL_LIST You can use the FINFO function or the SAS Explorer window to see information about your currently assigned external files For details see FINFO on page 290 In both cases OpenVMS logical names that you have assigned to external files are also listed but only after you have used them as filerefs in your current SAS process Using External Files A DCL Commands for Tape Access 173 Accessing External Files on Tape An external file can reside on either a labeled tape or an unlabeled tape This section discusses the DCL commands that you use when you access external files that are stored on tape It then describes how to write to and read from external files on labeled and unlabeled tapes Note You cannot use wildcards in tape specifications nor can you use concatenated tape specifications DCL Commands for Tape Access Use the following DCL commands to request and then release the tape dr
5. Commands and Statements Reference File Type Window FILE command SAS Program Editor FILE command LOG Log FILE command LIS Output INCLUDE command SAS Program Editor FILE statement DAT Program Editor INCLUDE statement SAS Program Editor INFILE statement DAT Program Editor Reading and Writing SAS System Print Files The following sections describe the default print file format under OpenVMS and how print files can be created using command files Default Print File Format FORTRAN is the default file format for SAS print files You can change the default for the entire session or for specific files by using the CC system option This option can be used in the FILENAME statement in the FILENAME function or as a system option Note TheFILE command generates a nonprint file whereas the PRINT command generates a print file a To specify the carriage control format use either the CC external 1 0 statement option see Host Specific External I O Statement Options on page 363 in the FILENAME statement or the CC system option see CC on page 403 You can also use the FILECC system option to control how SAS treats the data in column 1 of a print file see FILECC on page 411 When you write to a print file with FORTRAN carriage control SAS shifts all column specifications in the PUT statement one column to the right to accommodate the carriage control characters in column 1 A nonprint file that is written by t
6. DCL DEFINE or ASSIGN command an OpenVMS pathname enclosed in single or double quotation marks aggregate syntax a single filename without quotation marks a file in the default directory Order of Precedence for External File Specifications It is possible though generally not advisable to use the same text string as a filename a fileref and an OpenVMS logical name If an external file specification is a valid SAS name and is not enclosed in quotation marks then SAS uses the following order of precedence to interpret the text string and locate the external file 1 If you have defined the text string as a SAS fileref then SAS uses the file that the fileref refers to 2 If the text string is not a fileref then SAS looks to see whether you have defined it as an OpenVMS logical name If so it uses the file that the logical name refers to 3 If the text string is neither a fileref nor an OpenVMS logical name then SAS looks for a file by that name in your default directory Using External Files A Assigning OpenVMS Logical Names to External Files 167 Assigning Filerefs Use the FILENAME statement the FILENAME function or the SAS Explorer window to assign a fileref to an external file For details see the following FILENAME statement FILENAME on page 359 FILENAME function FILENAME on page 285 SAS Explorer window Using SAS with the SAS Explorer Window on page 21 Assig
7. Request 69 from user SMITH Mount relative volume MYTA02 on 2SMUA2 the operator performs the following steps 1 Mounts an initialized tape on the drive 2 Issues the following command REPLY INITIALIZE TAPE 69 which sends the following message to user SMITH Mount request 69 satisfied by operator As this example illustrates some coordination is required between the user and the operator when multivolume tapes are used Contact your system manager for more information about this topic 176 Writing to a Labeled Tape A Chapter 7 Writing to a Labeled Tape The following example illustrates a SAS program submitted in an interactive line mode session that writes to a labeled tape for the first time ALLOCATE TAPEDEVICE INITIALIZE TAPEDEVICE LABEL1 MOUNT TAPEDEVICE LABEL1 DEFINE OUTTAPE TAPEDEVICE EXPGIFTS DAT SAS notes and messages to SAS log 1 data null 2 input gift price 3 file outtape 4 if price gt 100 then 5 put gift price 6 datalines 7 gt watch 250 00 8 gt clown 35 31 more data lines 15 gt notes and messages to SAS log 16 x dismount tapedevice 17 x deallocate tapedevice 18 This program writes the file EXPGIFTS DAT to the tape that is identified by the label LABEL1 The tape is referenced by the fileref OUTTAPE in the FILE statement After the write operation the tape remains positioned at the end of the first file ready to write another file When you issue th
8. following INFILE statement reads the data file FOOD DAT from the default directory FOOD has not been defined as a SAS fileref nor as an OpenVMS logical name infile food When SAS encounters this statement it searches the default directory for a file named FOOD DAT Records are read from FOOD DAT according to subsequent INPUT statement specifications The following FILE statement writes data lines to the file PRICES DAT in the default directory PRICES has not been defined as a SAS fileref nor as an OpenVMS logical name file prices When SAS encounters this statement it writes to a file named PRICES DAT in the default directory Data lines are written to PRICES DAT according to subsequent PUT statement specifications Using External Files A Default Print File Format 171 Default File Types By default the SAS System uses the OpenVMS file type DAT with both the INFILE and FILE statements Therefore if you want to read from or write to an existing file in the default directory when specifying only the filename the file type must be DAT otherwise SAS cannot locate the file and it issues an error message The default file types are different if you are using windowing environment commands Table 7 1 on page 171 lists the default file types for SAS statements and commands Be sure to include the file type in a quoted file specification unless you are sure that the SAS System default is correct Table 7 1 Default File Types for
9. n qualifier ALLOCATE TAPEDEVICE MOUNT FOREIGN TAPEDEVICE DEFINE MYTAPE TAPEDEVICE SAS notes and messages to SAS log 1 x set magtape mytape skip files 1 2 data prices 3 infile mytape recfm d lrecl 80 4 input name x y z 5 prod x y 6 if prod lt z then output 7 run notes and messages to SAS log 8 x dismount mytape 9 x deallocate mytape 10 Using External Files A Sending Electronic Mail from within the SAS System 179 To read from an unlabeled tape from the DATA step you must indicate the tape format by using RECFM D If you do not use RECFM D for this type of access the results are unpredictable You must also use the LRECL option to indicate the length of each record If the records that you are accessing are variable length records then use a value for the LRECL option that is the maximum record length The minimum LRECL value is 14 This minimum value is the only restriction on the LRECL value for unlabeled tapes Accessing Remote External Files The SAS System supports access to external files across DECnet You can create or read external files on any OpenVMS machine to which you have access in your DE Cnet network An external file that resides on another OpenVMS node can be specified in any statement that contains a quoted file specification You can also define an OpenVMS logical name to point to a file on another node and then use the OpenVMS logical name in yo
10. only one directive in each PUT statement each PUT statement can contain only the text associated with the directive it specifies The directives that change the attributes of your message are the following IEM TO addresses replaces the current primary recipient addresses with addresses In the PUT statement specify addresses without single quotation marks IEM CC addresses replaces the current copied recipient addresses with addresses In the PUT statement specify addresses without single quotation marks IEM SUBJ ECT subject replaces the current subject of the message with subject The directives that perform actions are the following IEM SEND sends the message with the current attributes By default the message is automatically sent at the end of the DATA step If you use this directive the SAS System sends the message when it encounters the directive and sends it again at the end of the DATA step IEM ABORT aborts the current message You can use this directive to stop the SAS System from automatically sending the message at the end of the DATA step IEM NEWMSG clears all attributes of the current message including TO CC SUBJ ECT and the message body Example Sending E Mail from the DATA Step Suppose that you want to tell your co worker J im whose user ID is J Brown about some changes you made to your CONFIG SAS file If your email program handles alias names you could send the message by submitting
11. 165 CHAPTER Using External Files Introduction 165 Identifying External Files totheSAS Systen 166 Order of Precedence for External FileSpecifications 166 Assigning Filerefs 167 Assigning OpenVMS Logical Names to External Files 167 Using OpenVMS Pathnames to Identify External Files 168 Using Aggregate Syntax to Identify External Files 169 Identifying an External File That Is in Your Default Directory 170 Reading and Writing SAS System Print Files 171 Default Print FileFormat 171 Print Files Created by Command Files 172 Displaying Information about External Files 172 Accessing External Files on Tape 173 DCL Commands for Tape Access 173 Writing toa Labded Tape 176 Writing to an Unlabeled Tape 176 Reading from a Labded Tape 177 Reading from an Unlabeled Tape 178 Accessing Remote External Files 179 Sending Electronic Mail from within the SAS System 179 Using the DATA Step or SCL to Send Electronic Mail 180 Syntax of the FILENAME Statement for Electronic Mail 180 Example Sending E Mail fromthe DATA Step 181 Example Sending E Mail Using SCL Code 183 Introduction Note This section discusses methods of accessing external files on disk For additional information about accessing external files on tape see Accessing External Files on Tape on page 173 a External files are files whose format is determined by the operating environment rather than by the SAS System These files are not managed by the SAS System External files inclu
12. X statement to issue the tape access commands specify the commands in the following order INITIALIZE ALLOCATE MOUNT This order differs from the order that you use when you issue the same commands from the DCL prompt If you do not use this order and you allocate the tape before you initialize it a message warns you that the device has already been allocated to another user when you try to initialize the tape When you issue the tape access commands from the DCL prompt specify them in the following order ALLOCATE INITIALIZE MOUNT Using Multivolume Tapes If you plan to write to several tapes in a set you must initialize all the tapes before you start your job Then use the INITIALIZE CONTINUATION qualifier in the first MOUNT command as in the following example ALLOCATE TAPEDEVICE INITIALIZE TAPEDEVICE TAPELIB MOUNT INITIALIZE CONTINUATION TAPEDEVICE TAPELIB SAS more SAS statements The INITIALIZE CONTINUATION qualifier guarantees that the appropriate number is added to the label as the OpenVMS system mounts the subsequent volumes For example the following MOUNT command first creates a tape labeled MYTAPE Subsequent tapes are labeled MYTA02 MYTA03 MYTAO4 and so on MOUNT INITIALIZE CONTINUATION 2SMUA2 MYTAPE When you issue a request to mount the next relative volume the operator issues the reply with the INITIALIZE_ TAPE request number option For example if you issue the following request
13. are available for use during the current SAS process A Examples Using Logical Names to Access External Files Suppose you want to read a data file named YOURDIR JEDUC DAT and you decide to use an OpenVMS logical name to access the file You can issue the DCL DEFINE command before you invoke the SAS System The following is an example DEFINE INED YOURDIR EDUC DAT Alternatively you can use the SAS X statement to issue a DCL DEFINE command in your SAS program x define ined yourdir Jeduc dat Either of these methods properly associates the OpenVMS logical name INED with the file YOURDIR JEDUC DAT You can then use INED as the file specification in the INFILE statement 168 Using OpenVMS Pathnames to Identify External Files A Chapter 7 infile ined You can use the same methods to write to an external file For example use an X statement to issue a DCL DEFINE command as follows x define outfile yourdir scores dat Then use the OpenVMS logical name OUTFILE as the file specification in the following FILE statement file outfile Using OpenVMS Pathnames to Identify External Files If you use an OpenVMS pathname as an external file specification you must enclose the file specification in single or double quotation marks The file specification must be a valid OpenVMS pathname to the external file that you want to access therefore the level of specification depends on your location in the directory structure
14. d SCORESO1 you can use the following INFILE statement infile mytxtlib scores0l1 Note The filetype rules for OpenVMS text library syntax differ from the rules for directory based aggregate syntax When referring to a member of an OpenVMS text library do not specify a file type If you do the file type is ignored For example in the following statements the fileref TEST refers to an OpenVMS text library filename test mylib tlb data null file test one dat put first run The file type DAT is ignored and the FILE statement writes member ONE to the text library not to ONE DAT Wildcard characters are not allowed in filenames when you are using OpenVMS text library syntax Identifying an External File That Is in Your Default Directory As explained in Order of Precedence for External File Specifications on page 166 if an external file specification is a valid SAS name and is neither quoted nor a previously defined fileref or OpenVMS logical name then SAS opens a file by that name in your default directory Therefore you cannot use the special characters or in the external file specification because these characters are not valid in OpenVMS filenames The specification must be a filename only do not include the file type The SAS System uses a default file type depending on whether you are reading or writing data lines or reading SAS statements as indicated in Default File Types on page 171 The
15. de raw data files files that contain SAS programming statements and procedure output files 166 Identifying External Files to the SAS System A Chapter 7 The following SAS statements and functions are used to access external files on disk or tape FILENAME statement and FILENAME function associate a fileref with an external file that you want to use for input or output For details about the FILENAME statement see FILENAME on page 359 For details about the FILENAME function see FILENAME on page 285 INFILE statement opens an external file for reading data lines For details see INFILE on page 378 FILE statement opens an external file for writing data lines For details see FILE on page 357 INCLUDE statement opens an external file for reading SAS statements For details see Yl NCLUDE on page 377 You also specify external files in various windowing environment fields for example as a file destination in the Output Manager window or as a source input in an INCLUDE command Identifying External Files to the SAS System To access an external file you must tell the SAS System how to find the file Depending on the context you can use any of the following specifications to identify an external file to the SAS System a fileref that was assigned with the FILENAME statement the FILENAME function or with the SAS Explorer window an OpenVMS logical name that was assigned with the
16. e DISMOUNT and DEALLOCATE commands the tape is rewound and physically unloaded and the drive and tape are released from your SAS session The default block size for an ANSI labeled tape is 2 048 bytes Writing to an Unlabeled Tape When you are writing to an unlabeled tape you must use the FOREIGN qualifier in the MOUNT command MOUNT FOREIGN TAPEDEVICE You must also use special values for the RECF M and LRECL options in the FILE statement as shown in the following example ALLOCATE TAPEDEVICE INITIALIZE TAPEDEVICE MOUNT FOREIGN TAPEDEVICE DEFINE OUTTAPE TAPEDEVICE SAS notes and messages to SAS log 1 data null 2 input gift price 3 file outtape recfm d lrecl 80 4 if price gt 100 then Using External Files A Reading from a Labeled Tape 177 5 put gift price 6 datalines 7 gt watch 250 00 8 gt clown 35 31 more data lines 15 gt notes and messages to SAS log 16 x dismount outtape 17 x deallocate outtape 18 The default block size for an unlabeled tape is 512 bytes If you want to write a record that is longer than the default block size you must increase the block size by using the BLOCKSIZE qualifier in the MOUNT command For example the following command increases the block size to 8000 bytes for an unlabeled tape MOUNT FOREIGN BLOCKSIZE 8000 TAPEDEVICE LABEL1 If you attempt to write a record that is longer than the block size you receive the f
17. he SAS System contains neither carriage control characters nor titles Whether you create a print or nonprint file the SAS System 172 Print Files Created by Command Files A Chapter 7 provides default values for some characteristics of the file these defaults are adequate in most cases Table 7 2 on page 172 lists the defaults for print and nonprint files Table 7 2 Default File Attributes for SAS Print and Nonprint Files Print File Print File Attribute Batch Interactive Nonprint File Maximum record size 132 80 32 767 RECFM V V V CC FORTRAN FORTRAN CR Print Files Created by Command Files When you run a SAS program from a command procedure file with the DCL command qualifier OUT and also specify the SAS system option ALTLOG SY S OUTPUT you must also use the CC system option to correctly set the print file format The default print file format is FORTRAN However the DCL command qualifier OUT creates a VFC format file Unless you also specify either CC ORTRAN or CC CR in your SAS command your output or listing will lack the first column of data The following is an example that generates the correct results Your command procedure file should look something like this SAS ALTLOG SYSSOUTPUT CC CR MYPROG SAS If your command file is named MY COM then you can run your SAS program by entering the following commana MY COM OUT OUT LOG These commands send the log to the SYS OUTPUT destination
18. ing 180 Using the DATA Step or SCL to Send Electronic Mail A Chapter 7 Using the DATA Step or SCL to Send Electronic Mail In general a DATA step or SCL code that sends electronic mail has the following components a FILENAME statement with the EMAIL device type keyword options specified on the FILENAME or FILE statements indicating the email recipients subject and any attached files PUT statements that contain the body of the message PUT statements that contain special email directives of the form EM_directive that can override the email attributes TO CC SUBJ ECT or perform actions such as SEND ABORT and NEWMSG Syntax of the FILENAME Statement for Electronic Mail To send electronic mail from a DATA step or SCL issue a FILENAME statement using the following syntax FILENAME filee EMAIL address lt email options gt where fileref is a valid fileref address is the destination email address of the user to whom you want to send email You must specify an address here but you can override its value with the TO email option email options can be any of the following TO to address specifies the primary recipients of the electronic mail If an address contains more than one word you must enclose it in single quotation marks To specify more than one address you must enclose the group of addresses in parentheses and enclose each address in single
19. ive and volume for your SAS job or session You can issue these commands either before you invoke the SAS System or in the X statement after you invoke the SAS System ALLOCATE devicenamed ogical name gt requests exclusive use of the tape drive on which the tape volume is physically mounted and it optionally establishes logical name This command is not required however you do not have exclusive use of your device until you issue the ALLOCATE command INITIALIZE lt qualifier gt devicename volumelabd initializes the tape and specifies a label to assign to the tape Use the INITIALIZE command only when you are writing to a tape for the first time For more information about initializing tapes refer to Guide to VMS Files and Devices MOUNT lt qualifie gt devicename lt volumelabd gt requests that the tape be mounted on the tape drive identified by devicename If the tape is treated as ANSI labeled then you must include the volume label of the mounted tape The syntax of the MOUNT command for a labeled tape is MOUNT devicename volumelabd where volume labd has a maximum length of six characters If the tape is unlabeled then you must include the FOREIGN qualifier and the device name The syntax of the MOUNT command for an unlabeled tape is MOUNT FOREIGN devicename You do not need to use volumelaba when requesting an unlabeled tape If you are requesting an unlabeled tape you can issue the following form of the MOUNT com
20. leases the tape drive from your job or session In each of these commands device name can be either the name of a tape drive at your site for example MUAO or a logical pointing to the tape drive After you issue commands to request the device and tape volume use the DCL DEFINE command the SAS FILENAME statement or the FILENAME function to associate an OpenVMS logical name or SAS fileref with the external file on tape For a labeled tape specify a file in one of the following two forms FILENAME filee tapedevice filenamefiletype DEFINE logical name tapedevice filenamefilatype For an unlabeled tape specify a file in one of the following two forms FILENAME filee tapedevice DEFINE logical name tapedevice You can also use the SAS X statement to issue the DEFINE command The OpenVMS logical name or SAS fileref that is assigned to the tape device is then used as the file specification in the INFILE or FILE statement Note In these examples it is assumed that the OpenVMS logical name definition for tapedevice includes a colon in the device specification such as the following DEFINE TAPEDEVICE MUAO If your OpenVMS logical name definition does not include a colon then you must specify the colon when you use TAPEDEVICE as in the following filename fileref tapedevice A Using External Files A DCL Commands for Tape Access 175 Order of Tape Access Commands When you use the SAS
21. mand which tells the computer operator which tape to mount MOUNT ASSIST COMMENT instructions devicename where instructions tell the computer operator which tape to mount and devicename identifies the tape drive If you are writing or reading records of a different length than the default block size you can use the BLOCKSIZE qualifier to specify the block size For example in the following form of the MOUNT command xxxx specifies the appropriate block size for an unlabeled tape 174 DCL Commands for Tape Access A Chapter 7 MOUNT FOREIGN BLOCKSIZE Xxxx device name After you issue the MOUNT command for a labeled or unlabeled tape your keyboard locks until the MOUNT command executes that is until the operator mounts the tape This command is required SET MAGTAPE qualifier gt devicename assigns special characteristics to a tape device Qualifiers include the following DENSITY sets the density of 800 1 600 or 6 250 bpi bytes per inch for foreign tape operations REWIND rewinds the tape SKIP FILES n specifies the number of files n to skip over on an unlabeled tape DISMOUNT lt NOUNLOAD gt device name dismounts a labeled or unlabeled tape When you issue the DISMOUNT command the tape is physically unloaded by default In order to mount and use the tape again operator intervention is required Use the NOUNLOAD qualifier to prevent the default unload operation DEALLOCATE devicename re
22. ment appends a file type of DAT to the SCORES02 filename For more information about default file types see Default File Types on page 171 Therefore if you specify the following INFILE statement SAS looks for the file SCORESO2 DAT DAT and the statement fails infile myfile scores02 dat If you want to specify a different file type then enclose the file specification in quotation marks as in the following example infile myfile scores02 new Identifying OpenVMS Text Libraries Aggregate syntax is also used to identify OpenVMS text libraries An OpenVMS text library has a default file type of TLB and can store frequently used text files For example if you have several related files of data you may want to store them in one OpenVMS text library OpenVMS text libraries are also commonly used as SAS autocall libraries which store SAS macros For more information see Autocall Libraries on page 464 To access a file in an OpenVMS text library first assign a fileref or OpenVMS logical name to the text library Then in an INFILE or FILE statement specify the fileref or logical name followed by the filename in parentheses 170 Identifying an External File That Is in Your Default Directory A Chapter 7 For example you can use the following FILENAME statement to assign a fileref to an OpenVMS text library filename mytxtlib mydir mydata tlb Then assuming that you want to use a library member name
23. nd sign and at sign cannot be used in external file specification because they are not valid in OpenVMS filenames Specifying Concatenated Files Under OpenVMS you can specify concatenations of files when reading and writing external files from within the SAS System Concatenated files consist of two or more file specifications enclosed in quotes and separated by commas You can include wildcard characters in the file specifications The usual rules for OpenVMS version numbering apply You cannot use a percent symbol in the version number field The following are some examples of valid concatenation specifications filename allsas one sas two sas three sas filename alldata test datal test data2 test data3 include one sas two sas infile areal alldata dat area2 alldata dat infile test dat in dat Using Aggregate Syntax to Identify External Files You can also use aggregate syntax to access individual files To do so assign a SAS fileref or an OpenVMS logical name to a directory and specify the individual filename in parentheses For example suppose you use the following FILENAME statement to associate the fileref MYFILE with the directory MY DIR filename myfile mydir To access a file named SCORE S02 DAT in that directory you could use the following INFILE statement infile myfile scores02 By default the INFILE state
24. ning OpenVMS Logical Names to External Files You can use an OpenVMS logical name as a file specification Use the DCL DEFINE command to associate a logical name with an external file When you assign an OpenVMS logical name to an external file you cannot use the pound sign or the at sign because these characters are not valid in OpenVMS logical names By contrast if you use the FILENAME statement to assign a fileref you can use these characters because filerefs follow SAS naming conventions Also using the DCL DEFINE command to define an OpenVMS logical name does not allow you to specify the keywords or options that are available with the FILENAME statement and the FILENAME function Remember that you can use the SAS X statement or X command to issue a DCL DEFINE command from within a SAS program or a SAS process For details see Issuing DCL Commands during a SAS Session on page 37 Note If you use the SAS X statement or X command to issue the DCL DEFINE command then you want to use the method described in Issuing a Single DCL Command on page 37 which executes the command in the parent OpenVMS process not the method described in Issuing Several DCL Commands on page 40 which executes multiple DCL commands in an OpenVMS subprocess OpenVMS logical names that are defined in a subprocess are not recognized by the current SAS process By contrast OpenVMS logical names that are defined in the OpenVMS parent process
25. ollowing error message ERROR Tape block size less than LRECL specified To write to an unlabeled tape from the DATA step you must indicate the tape format by using RECFM D If you do not use RECFM D for this type of access the results are unpredictable You must also use the LRECL option to indicate the length of each record If the records that you are writing are variable length records then use a value for the LRECL option that is the maximum record length The minimum LRECL value is 14 This minimum value is the only restriction on the LRECL value for unlabeled tapes Reading from a Labeled Tape When the SAS System reads a file from a labeled tape it searches for a filename on the tape that matches the filename used in the DEFINE command or FILENAME statement The following example illustrates reading an external file from a labeled tape to create a SAS data set ALLOCATE TAPEDEVICE MOUNT TAPEDEVICE LABEL1 DEFINE INTAPE TAPEDEVICE EXPGIFTS DAT SAS notes and messages to SAS log 1 data expenses 2 infile intape 3 input gift price 4 run notes and messages to SAS log 5 x dismount tapedevice 6 x deallocate tapedevice 7 The DATA step in this example reads a file named EXPGIFTS DAT which is located on the tape identified by the label LABEL1 The file is referenced by the fileref INTAPE in the INFILE statement After the read operation the tape is positioned at the start of the ne
26. quotation marks For example to joe somplace org and to joe smplc org jane diffplc org are valid TO values CC cc address specifies the recipients you want to receive a copy of the electronic mail If an address contains more than one word you must enclose it in single quotation marks To specify more than one address you must enclose the group of addresses in parentheses and enclose each address in single quotations marks For example cc joe somplace org and cc joe smplc org jane diffplc org are valid CC values SUBJ ECT subject specifies the subject of the message If the subject text is longer than one word you must enclose it in single quotation marks For example Using External Files A Example Sending E Mail from the DATA Step 181 subject Sales and subject June Report are valid SUBJ ECT values Any subject text that is not enclosed in quotation marks is converted to uppercase You can also specify the email options in the FILE statement inside the DATA step Options that you specify in the FILE statement override any corresponding options that you specified in the FILENAME statement In your DATA step after using the FILE statement to define your email fileref as the output destination use PUT statements to define the body of the message You can also use PUT statements to specify email directives that change the attributes of your electronic message or perform actions with it Specify
27. the following DATA step filename mymail email JBrown subject My CONFIG SAS file data null file mymail put Jim put This is my CONFIG SAS file 182 Example Sending E Mail from the DATA Step A Chapter 7 put I think you might like the new options I added run The following example sends a message to multiple recipients It specifies the email options in the FILE statement instead of the FILENAME statement filename outbox email ron acme com data null file outbox to ron acme com lisa acme com Overrides the value in the filename statement cc margaret yourcomp com lenny laverne abc com subject My SAS output put Folks put Take a look at my output from the SAS program I ran last night put It worked great run You can use conditional logic in the DATA step to send multiple messages and control which recipients get which messages For example suppose you want to notify members of two different departments that their customized reports are available If your email program handles alias names your DATA step might look like the following filename reports email Jim data null file reports infile cards eof lastogs length name dept 21 input name dept put EM TO name Assign the TO attribute put EM SUBJECT Report for dept Assign the SUBJECT attribute put name
28. ur SAS session as described in Assigning OpenVMS Logical Names to External Files on page 167 You can also use the FILENAME statement to assign a fileref toa remote external file Within the quoted string DEFINE command or FILENAME statement use the same syntax that you would use in any OpenVMS file specification to access a target node For example to access the file TEST DAT on node VMSNODE specify the following FILENAME statement filename mine vmsnode mydisk mydir test data To include a user name and password of an account on the target node as part of the file specification use the following FILENAME statement filename mine vmsnode user id password mydisk mydir test data For more information about DE Cnet access and file specification syntax refer to DECnet for OpenVMS Guide to Networking and DE Cne for OpenVMS Networking Manual Note TheMBC and MBF external I O statement options are not supported across DE Cnet a Sending Electronic Mail from within the SAS System The SAS System enables you to send electronic mail e mail using SAS functions in a DATA step or in SCL Sending email from within the SAS System allows you to use the logic of the DATA step or SCL to subset email distribution based on a large data set of email addresses send e mail automatically upon completion of a SAS program that you submitted for batch processing direct output through e mail based on the results of process
29. xt file 178 Reading from an Unlabeled Tape A Chapter 7 Reading from an Unlabeled Tape When you read from an unlabeled tape you must position the tape to the appropriate file because there is no filename for which to search Remember that the DEFINE command or FILENAME statement for an unlabeled tape includes only the OpenVMS logical name or fileref plus the name of the tape device If you specify a filename it is ignored Here are two ways of positioning a tape to the correct file Use null DATA steps to position the tape to the file you want Use the SKIP FILES n qualifier in the SET MAGTAPE command where n is the number of files to skip The following example illustrates using a null DATA step to skip the first file on an unlabeled tape so that the second DATA step can read the next file ALLOCATE TAPEDEVICE MOUNT FOREIGN TAPEDEVICE DEFINE MYTAPE TAPEDEVICE SAS notes and messages to SAS log 1 data null 2 infile mytape recfm d lrecl 80 3 input 4 run notes and messages to SAS log 5 data prices 6 infile mytape recfm d lrecl 80 7 input name x y zZ 8 prod x y 9 if prod lt z then output 0 run notes and messages to SAS log 5 x dismount mytape 6 x deallocate mytape 7 The next example illustrates how to read the second file from the tape that is referenced by the OpenVMS logical name MYTAPE by using the SET MAGTAPE command with the SKIP FILES
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