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1. Generation Joints Line Surfaces Macroelements Contacts O Solution parame O analysis steps O Monitoring points v lt m View Joints A Line I Global element size 0 0500 m b Generate Elements Edit Number of 3D elements 0 Generator v Surfaces v Contacts Reinforcement v External cables v Springs Loading v Refinement Generate Elements Macroelement list FE mesh generation lt Figure 46 The main mesh generation parameters 36 The table in this window shows three items one for each macro element Figure 46 There 1t 1s possible to select for which macro elements the automated mesh generator 1s to be started which generator 1s to be used currently only one generator T3D 1s available and what kind of elements are to be generated linear or guadratic Linear elements are low order elements with nodes at each element corner Ouadratic elements usually have additional nodes on each element edge Some guadratic elements may have even nodes in the middle of element sides or inside the element In this case linear elements will be used and 1t is recommended to use only brick elements whenever possible The close examination of the existing macro elements clearly shows that only the first macro element i e the beam can be me
2. O Load cases Joints Lines Surfaces Generation Joints Line Surfaces Macroelements Contacts O Solution parame O Analysis steps Monitoring point v In order to see the reinforcement in the interior of the model the display of surfaces and FE mesh v Contacts v Reinforcement External cables v Springs v Loading v Refingke Generate Elements roelement list Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help marn amp Postprocesor D SE SYR ze a BE i EJ BB delg 1 TH ie TZ em F Actual a LC 2 en an 1 Select the item Topology Reinforcements This reut sa tee 2 brings up the list of currently defined reinforcement 1n the table i O analysis informa below O Materials O activity O Construction cas Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement b R Individual Add Edit a 2 Select the reinforcement 1 The selected reinforcement Bo will be highlighted in green color Gal Copy Fal Move External cable Joint springs Line springs Surface springs O Load cases o Joints K Lines s r3 B Macros 3 Select the item To
3. LC name LC code Coefficient E E ad 1 Supports Supports Edit Prescribed deformation Prescribed deformation 1 000 m 8 Remove u 5 Number 0 2 Figure 63 The list of created load cases in the Load cases table Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help marn amp Postprocesor DEN RR Ze L eh i oe TZ ep F Actual Load case none Active load case selection Prescribed deformation Input data tree E A O Analysis informa O Materials O activity O Construction cas Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement b External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs o Load cases O Generation hr Joints b Line Surfaces x Macroelements cm Contacts El O Solution parame lt gt View Joints A Line E Add Surfaces v Contacts Supports Supports Edit Reinforcement Prescribed deformation Prescribed deformation 1 000 Remove v External cables Number 0 2 v Springs v Loading v Refinement v Load cases Figure 64 An appropriate active load case must be selected prior to the support definition Supports should be in the load case 1 49 Atena 3D Pre processor E users Zp manualy ShearBeam 3D cc 3 File E
4. panaon Zoom extend button to fit the structure into the window v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces gt 3 x ae HRAJ FE Local coord s of joints The type and other parameters can be defined in the window New object The object is created by clicking the button Generate Local coord s of lines Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme New object Entity type columnjbeam coordinate system global reference point placement 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 reference point is in the brick s corner size Vx 1 2750 Yy 0 1900 Vz 0 3200 Information i Generate Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 ud Calculate Macroelement type standard Y Figure 22 Preview of the specified parametric entity before it is created In some cases the previewed structure may be very small in the middle of the screen The display can be fitted to the whole window by selecting the Zoom extend button Ei N The preview in this case shows that the beam geometry is correct so it is possible to finalize the beam definition by clicking the Generate button in the right part of the generation window The resulting display is shown 1n Figure 23 New macroelements x Topology Properties By Input data tree s il DL 2 Offset 0 0000 A ZJ Joints Line H Surfaces Openi
5. Edit Figure 60 The load case definition 47 For this example two load cases are needed one containing the vertical and horizontal supports and second with the prescribed deformations at the top steel plate see Figure 61 and Figure 62 Mew load cases Properties Code Supports r W Auto Prescribed deformation Temperature Shrinkage Pre stressing Figure 61 The first load case will contain the horizontal and vertical supports Mew load cases Properties Code Prescribed deformation Ir Multiplier 1 000 pe eck Body Force Pe rescribed deformation LE 2 Supports Frescribed deformation Temperature Shrinkage Pre stressina Add Quit Figure 62 The second load case will contain the prescribed deformation at the top steel plate 48 The table along the bottom part of the program window shows the list of created load cases see Figure 63 Each of them can be edited or deleted by selection the appropriate buttons on the right side of this table The active load case 1s selected using the Load case dialog above the Input data tree see Figure 64 At first the load case Supports should be selected When the load case 1s active 1t 1s possible to start defining 1ts boundary conditions The definition of the symmetric boundary condition is described in Figure 65 and the application of the vertical support at the bottom steel plate is shown in Figure 67 I
6. Absolute residual error tolerance 0 010000 Energy error tolerance 000100 Number 3 Add Quit Figure 71 The first property sheet for the new set of solution parameters for Leonhardt s beam analysis Parameter input Title My N R parameters Solution Method Newton Raphson 55 New solution parameters General Line Search Conditional break criteria Solution method with iterations Z Unbalanced energy limit 0 600 Limit of line search iterations 2 Line search limit min 0 010 Line search limit max 1 000 Number 3 i Add Quit Figure 72 The second property sheet for the new set of solution parameters for Leonhard s beam analysis New solution parameters General Line Search Conditional break criteria Break Break after immediately step Displacement error multiple 10000 0 1000 0 Residual error multiple 10000 0 1000 0 465 residual error multiple 10000 0 1000 0 Energy error multiple 1000000 0 10000 0 E Add Quit Figure 73 The third property sheet Conditional break criteria can be set to stop the computation if an error exceeds the prescribed tolerance multiplied by the prescribed factor during the iterations or at the end of an analysis step 56 After the required solution properties are prescribed the Add button will include the new solution properties into the list of all soluti
7. Cancel Figure 13 Selection of 3D Nonlinear Cementitious 2 material model for the concrete beam 3D Nonlinear Cementitious 2 EJ Param rin Generation parameters a a ete put Cubic Fey 335 MPa Cubic fa 33 5 MPa Previous Next Cancel Figure 14 Default values of material parameters are generated based on the cube strength of concrete For this case the cube strength should be 33 5 MPa NOTE There are predefined parameters in dialog windows for the definitions of parameters The table named Parameter input shows the parameters which should be changed 11 New material 3D Nonlinear Cementitious 2 Material name Load Title oh O s save Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Elastic modulus E 3 172E 04 MPa stress strain Law Biaxial Failure Law El 404 Poisson s ratio u 0200 be wal Tensile strength fr 1 640E 00 MPa 7 a i me Compressive strength Fo 2 848E 01 MPa Number 3 Previous Finish Cancel Figure 15 The dialog window for the definition of basic properties for the cementitious material The parameters were generated based on the concrete cube strength The tensile strength should be edited to 1 64 MPa for the Leonhard s beam as well as it is proposed to change the default name of the material type to Concrete Parameter input Tensile strength f 1 64 MPa New material 3D Nonlinear Cementitious 2 Material nam
8. ERVENKA CONSUITING C Cervenka Consulting Ltd Na Hrebenkach 55 150 00 Prague Czech Republic Phone 420 220 610 018 E mail cervenka cervenka cz Web http www cervenka cz ATENA Program Documentation Part 4 2 Tutorial for Program ATENA 3D Written by Jan ervenka Zdenka Proch zkov Prague March 10 2010 Trademarks ATENA is registered trademark of Vladimir Cervenka Microsoft and Microsoft Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners Copyright 2000 2010 by Cervenka Consulting CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 STARTING PROGRAM 3 PRE PROCESSING 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 3 1 3 3 2 3 2 1 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 33 3 32 3 4 3 4 1 3 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 5 3 4 6 3 4 7 3 4 8 3 5 3 6 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 7 3 8 3 9 Introduction Introduction of the graphical user interface Definition of the geometrical model Saving of data Material parameters Steel plates Reinforcement Concrete beam Concrete beam Geometry definition Material definition Steel plates Grid setting Joints definition Lines definition Surface definition Extrusion Material definition Copy Move Mesh generation Bar reinforcement First bar Second bar Supports and actions Loading history and solution parameters Monitoring points 4 FE NON LINEAR ANALYSIS 4 1 Introduction W CON A W 10 11 14 16 18 20 21 2
9. info 9 softlinegroup com www softlinegroup com SOUTH KOREA CNG SOFTEK 302 Cheongsan Bldg 214 6 Poi Dong Gangnam Gu Seoul Korea 135 963 phone 82 2 529 0841 fax 82 2 529 0846 e mail leeih cngst com cngst paran com www cngst com 85 USA Ensoft Inc 3003 West Howard Lane Austin Texas 78728 phone 1 512 244 6464 ext 201 Sales and Order Status ext 208 Technical Support ext 202 Consulting Engineering fax 1 512 244 6067 email ensoft ensoftinc com www ensoftinc com 80 8 LITERATURE 1 ATENA Program Documentation Part 1 ATENA Theory Manual CERVENKA CONSULTING 2000 2005 2 ATENA Program Documentation Part 2 ATENA 2D User s Manual CERVENKA CONSULTING 2000 2005 3 ATENA Program Documentation Part 3 ATENA 2D Examples of Application CERVENKA CONSULTING 2000 2005 4 ATENA Program Documentation Part 6 ATENA Input File Format CERVENKA CONSULTING 2000 2005 5 Leonhardt and Walther Schubversuche an einfeldringen Stahlbetonbalken mit und Ohne Schubbewehrung Deutscher Ausschuss fuer Stahlbeton Heft 51 Berlin 1962 Ernst amp Sohn 87
10. 02 Select the previously 7 206 02 created LD diagram 6 75E 02 6 30E 02 5 85E 02 5 40E 02 4 95E 02 4 50E 02 4 05E 02 This button can be used to modify the graph content 3 60E 02 3 15E 02 2 70E 02 2 25E 02 1 806 02 New graph definitions can 1 35602 be saved for future use by 9 00E 03 selecting this buton 4 50E 03 0 00E 00 nam m a l 0 00E 00 3 50E 04 7 00E 04 1 05E 03 1 40E 03 1 5E 03 2 10E 03 2 45E 03 2 80E 03 3 15E 03 3 50E 03 3 85E 03 4 20E 03 Displacements m _ Load Figure 102 Load displacement graph in the post processing Previously during the analysis execution a new graph had been created This graph was named LD and it is possible to select it in the list box at the top part of this window The 79 properties of the graph display can be modified by selecting the button as can be seen in Figure 103 Graph parameters This button switches the positive and oe ER negative orientation of each axis Value Deflection Multiplier 1 000 Y axis Axis label Loads Unit MN Name Coefficient Color 1 000 Mred In this box it is possible to select if the graph will show also iterative changes or only the final converged results at the end of the steps lappy Wok Cancel Figure 103 The window for editing graph parameters with the description of some of its important features
11. 1D 2D 3D El 6 00E 02 Results 6 000E 01 5 50E 02 1D 2D 3D En 3 000E 01 1 000E 02 5 00E 02 a i n 1 200E 02 x alesis In this dialog a quantity can be Mezi Mutt 1 000E A 4006 02 5 selected for contour area display fm Abs max 3 50E 02 Stress Sigma xx nf i 3 006 02 2 50E 02 Automatic scale 2 00E 02 ER ee Here quantities can be selected one 2 for which the run time display is e b e e FE Tr a available If too many quantities E Displacements m 2 Eroa 3 are selected considerable increase Number Name Magnitude Unit Message output Error Param e e I I b C1 conventa 5 2036 02 in the analysis time can be C2 Conv crit 2 1 536 02 C3 Conv crit3 4 671E 03 1 N expected C4 Conv crit 4 8 115E 04 Job Log start 4 Ui Deflection 1 981E 03 m E OT g a o lu Step 19 Elapsed CPU sec 3247 23 ee Iter Eta Disp Err Resid Err Res Abs E Energy Err NR 5 E Iter Eta Unbalanced Energy Ratio Current Required LS 8 Values at step 19 iteration 1 E Figure 83 The run time window showing the iterative changes of the load displacement diagram and the contour plot of o stresses 67 When the specified load steps are completed the content of the run time window Figure 84 shows the deformed shape of the structure along with the current level or cracking The graph window clearly indicates that the structure 1s failing by a diagonal shear crack that 1s sh
12. 38 U Step 39 O Step 40 LI Monitoring points at each iteration Monitoring points after load step 1 2 3 4 5 6 I 8 gt Document matches its setting A 1 6 16 a4 21 0 x 29 7 cm Figure 104 The program window for the definition of alpha numerical output 81 5 5 Analysis log files The program ATENA 3D consists of several modules The two main modules are the graphical user interface GUI and the analysis module These two modules communicate with each other through the Microsoft component object model COM interfaces and also through four file streams The contents of these streams for each analysis step can be examined using the menu item Data Analysis progress information This action opens the following window on your computer screen Analysis progress information Analysis step Analysis step 1 Analysed and saved Input output Message Error Parameters Progress e Reinforced beam 3D e Beam without shear reinforcement is file was automatically created by Atena pre processor AS se be cautios when making any modifications Figure 105 The step information window contains the input and output files from the finite element analysis It is possible to view the contents of the various data streams for each analysis step which can be selected from the pull down list at the top of the window The content of each data stream can be examined by selecting an appropriat
13. Generation n the Input data tree Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help mrn amp Postprocesor DU Yy A aaa BGA ty Ze Li TRH RE geo 9 Actual ae Load case LC 2 Prescribed defor 7 x Bu Activate the main mesh generation window below by selection the item FE Mesh Generation Input data tree O Activity O Construction cas Macroelements Contacts 4 Reinforcement b i External cables Joint springs gt i Line springs 4 Surface springs L a O Load cases Joints Lines Surfaces Generation Joints Line Surfaces Macroelements Contacts N me am O Solution parame Start automatic mesh generation by O analysis steps O ventera pon clicking the Generate button View Joints a Line I Global element size 0 0500 m Edit Number of 3D elements 714 A Generate Generator Elements Macroelement list Reinforcement amp External cables mh v Springs v Loading w ra lt Refinement Figure 49 FE mesh generation The close examination of the mesh that was created at the contacts of the steel plates with the concrete
14. In this dialog the 3 item in the Input data tree attributes for the required DER ze boundary condition are to A be specified support n y Prototype of prescribed deformation lines e e O Load cas s Prescribed deformation and Z directions Then a in g N i ae Support in Xg HER click OK see Figure 68 Rs Individual Support in Yg fixed wyg Support in Zg fixed Waza 0 000E 00 m se Remove Coordinate system Global m Selected Remove Surfaces LI LI a a N of a a 5 Joints 1 Macroel Support and prescribed def in direction Coordinate system Ai rin amp Number line x m m Z m support Add Suzi 3 6 free 0 lfiked 0 000E 00 fixed 0 000E 00 Global cat v Reinforcement 2 v External cables v Springs 3 Remove v Loading a v Refinement B FE mesh 5 v Monitoring points Number 0 1 Figure 67 The definition of vertical support along the bottom steel plate If necessary the button can be used to rotate the structure Prototype of a support lines gt lt Support SUpport in a Support in Yg fixed Support in Za fixed k Coordinate system Global z OK Cancel Figure 68 The definition of the vertical support condition It should be noted that the support steel plate is fixed also in the y direction in order to prevent any rigid body displacements Next t
15. The selected diagram can be printed n the same manner as it was described on page 79 The numerical values of the monitored quantities can be obtained from the text output that is described n Section 5 4 80 5 4 Text output This section describes another form of output from the program ATENA 3D The text output can be used to obtain numerical data at finite element nodes elements integration points or monitoring points The text output 1s selected from the menu item Files Print text This selection opens the window that is shown in Figure 104 The window is composed of two main sub windows The left hand window contains a tree structure of the available data types and load steps The reguested data should be checked n this tree and then by selecting those data an alpha numerical output will be automatically created 1n the right hand window The contents of this window can be printed saved to a file or copied to another program using the system clipboard C users Zp manualy ShearBeam3Dqqq cc3 Atena 3D documents Document Edit View Page amp Document lt all data gt v Scheme color dm AA T rer Reinforced beam 3D Unit system Metric Note Beam without shear reinforcement MONITORING POINTS AFTER LOAD STEP MONITOR C1 Name Conv crit 1 w D O Step 25 O Step 26 O Step 27 U step 28 O Step 29 O Step 30 LI Step 31 U Step 32 O Step 33 O Step 34 O Step 35 O Step 36 O Step 37 O Step
16. Work Atena DataXTutorial problem 3D Shear beam 3D cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help Run A Postprocesor O s Gl RR Ra lt rore lal elelaaalaaaalele o 9 LH aur z tl oc e Seo PaR Actual I jr ki ste ata cmon Ba 5 on aces Number joints lines surfaces Azimuth Zenith Add M Reinforcement Macroelement 2 15 7 Load case none v Activity cal active nl Input data tree General data O Analysis information O Materials O Activity Topology Construction cases J Macroelements Te Individual Add Edit Remove 8 3 Selected fl Remove Copy fa Move Contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs Loading O Load cases 1 Joints FE mesh Run O Solution parameters O Analysis steps O Monitoring points v External cables M Springs 2 Remove M Loadin E M Refinement 5 M FE mes Monitoring points Number 0 2 Figure 39 Main window after the definition ofthe loading plate Then it remains to create the support plate on the left side of the beam Since the geometry of th s plate s dentical to the loading plate that we have just created t should be advantageous to explort the copy and rotate options of ATEN
17. beam clearly shows that the meshes in the neighboring regions are not compatible This is due to the fact that we have not enforced this compatibility as it was discussed in the previous paragraphs The incompatible meshes should be used with great care since the results close to these regions have lower level of accuracy The program internally applies certain special constraint conditions to enforce a proper connection of these regions but such a connection 1s less accurate than n the case of compatible meshes 39 3 6 Bar reinforcement In the next step reinforcing bars will be defined It should be noted that reinforcement bars can be defined any time during the input data preparation It is not necessary to wait till the macro elements are defined and mesh 1s generated 3 6 1 First bar The reinforcement bar definition starts by highlighting the Topology Reinforcement bars Add item in the Input data tree This opens a new program window which 1s similar to the one that was used to define macro elements Figure 51 In this window it 1s again possible to define the bar geometry by mouse or by numerical values There are several methods for the bar definition Either it is possible to start by defining individual bar joints which will be later used to define the individual segments 1 e parts of the reinforcement The item Polyline can be used to directly define the reinforcement by clicking in the graphical window When the entit
18. coord s of lines Generate Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme Extrusion parameters Surface or opening not defined direction alobal Y axis size 0 1900 m openings extrude original surface keep No surface is selected for extrusion Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 EA Calculate Macroelement type standard Information E Add X Quit Figure 37 Program display after generating the extruded entity 28 3 4 6 Material definition The next step 1s to assign material properties to the newly created entity This 1s accomplished by switching to the Properties tab of the macro element definition see Figure 38 Here the previously created material Steel plates 1s to be selected New macroelements Topology Properties m Basic material Material 1 Steel plates Smeared reinforcement Ooo Mt RA Reinf dir Figure 38 Material definition for the loading plate macro element Now the macro element for the modeling of the loading plate is fully defined and it is possible to include it into the global model by clicking the Add button in the most bottom right corner of the macro element definition window At this time 1t 1s possible to exit the macro element definition window and return to the main program window by selecting the button This button is also located at the bottom right corner Atena 3D Pre processor C users jc
19. er 17 has to be selected For z displacement 4 99 s Closest to the point x 0 0000 Y 0 0355 Zi 0 0000 m A the Component 3 1s to be selected Number 1 Add Quit The program will search for the closes node in this macro element whose displacements will be monitored Here the entity for the monitoring is defined such as macro element reinforcement etc Figure 78 The explanation of individual monitoring parameters It is important to specify in which macroelement the monitor is located In this case the first monitor is located in macroelement 1 Parameter input Title Deflection Type Value at node Value Displacement Item Component 3 Macroelement 1 Closest to the point X 0 0000 m Y 0 0950 m Z 0 0000 m 61 The second monitoring point should be added near the joint where the prescribed displacements are applied The third component i e z direction of nodal reactions should be monitored at this point see Figure 79 Add monitoring Monitor definition Title Load Type Walueatnode sss Walle Reactions 7 Item Component 3 Monitor location Topological data Macroelements Macroelement 2 Closest to the point x 01650 v 00950 z 0350 pm Number 2 E Add Quit Figure 79 The definition of the second monitoring point for modeling reactions i e loads It is important to specify in which macroelement the monitor is located In this case
20. gt View a Surfaces a v Contacts I Copy selectionreinforcement bars Gal Copy Reinforcement Operationshift global coordinate system External cables RE v Springs Dir Y axis shift valuq Auela vx v Loading Numbercopies1 loadingcopy v Refinement FE mesh v Monitoring points Copy reinforcement Figure 59 The copying of the reinforcement bar Parameter input Operation shift Dir Y axis Shift value 0 09 m Now all the reinforcement 1s generated Later on when the analysis 1s started the program will decompose each reinforcement bar into individual truss finite elements which will be embedded into the solid elements In this way the bar stiffness will be included into the numerical analysis This process is however fully automatic and the user does not have to deal with it The automatically created individual truss elements will be visible in the post processing phase of the analysis 46 3 7 Supports and actions This section describes the definition of supports and loads for this example problem The analyzed beam 1s supported at the bottom steel plate 1n the vertical direction Since we are analyzing only a symmetric half of the beam 1t 1s necessary to enforce the axis of symmetry along the right side of the beam This means that the horizontal x displacements along th s side should be equal to zero The beam is loaded at the top steel plate We are interested in determining the max
21. i re v ee Number S Add v Reinforcement u v External cables a gt v Springs Edit v Loading 3 v Refinement 5 Remove v FE mesh pi v Monitoring points 3 Number 0 1 Figure 2 Graphical user interface of ATENA 2D pre processor ATENA 3D contains seven main toolbars File toolbar New Graphical problem output Free Zoom out Zoom Zoom rotat on at mouse window extend locat on to view Translat on and rotat on and Scale toolbars 7 7 ama hd ea a GB Ea Ef Move Zoom Zoom in Zoom in Zoom out in out at mouse around around location center center Select by crossing Selection toolbar Invert selection all objects of the Select b gt selected type skewed rectangle add remove invert r i Stelle HE E Select Partial Deselect by selection all items of clicking on off selected type Select by Select all rectangle objects of selected type Pictures toolbar Save the Selection of Listing in Picture current saved pictures manager picture pictures Handling 3D view toolbar Axonometric Perspective Predefined View in the View in the view view default 3D direction of direction of view the Z axis the Z axis V a TE View n the View n the View 1n the View 1n the direction of direction of direction of direction of the X axis the X axis the Y axis the Y axis Viewing parameters toolbar Bm View the View th
22. k C Joints Line Surfaces Contacts Reinforcement External cables Springs Loading Refinement FE mesh Monitoring points fia Move Move selectionmacroelements Operationmirror global coordinate system Based ony plane shifted to 2 0 1600 m 7 2 5 5 7 2 gt o Figure 44 The bottom view of the beam with the support plate 34 At this point all geometry 1s defined The program automatically recognizes all possible contacts among the existing macro elements It 1s possible to visualize the recognized contacts by selecting the item Topology Contacts in the Input data tree In order to properly see the generated contacts 1t 1s recommended to deactivate the display of surfaces in the View window at the bottom left corner of the program screen see Figure 45 By editing the contacts it is possible to specify special contact conditions such as for instance nonlinear interface behavior In this problem perfect connection is assumed which is the default contact setting so no editing 1s necessary Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v4 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help man amp Postprocesor Dee amp amp o A aaa BB BA L W Ze LEIBR KH RE BB F Actual Load case none Activity all active Input data tree Automatically recognized two My contacts between the beam and NI two steel plates O analys
23. point the created beam is added to the model and it is possible to start defining other macro elements It is possible to look at the so far created model by selecting the Quit button at the most bottom right part of the macro element definition window to return to the main program view Figure 25 Atena 3D Pre processor C users jc Work Atena Data Tutorial problem 3D Shear beam 3D cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help Zu Ru f o u f sO Pe ee f aa ud Run Z Postprocesor IDS RYB lt o gt lt a rlal egilaaa BER al ele er 4l kt m tl S sle lll AB Actual ae Load case none Activity all active v Input data tree O General data O Analysis information O Materials O Activity E Topology oO Construction cases O Macroelements fe Individual Add Edit Remove 88 Selected Remove Gal Copy Fu Move Contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs pading Load cases HH HH m E IDG 05000 LJ Externa ables FE mesh E Run oO Solution parameters O Analysis steps O Monitoring points View z vay Description R inise l Local CS E M Surfaces joints lines surfaces Azimuth zenith A Reinforcement saatda w WV External cables v Springs Remove Loading V Refinement FE mesh Monitoring points Number 0 1 Macroelements Figure 25 The program display after the defi
24. possible to see the cut plane as it 1s intersecting the structure After the cut 1s created and saved using the Add button 1t 1s possible to select 1t in the list box in the Section toolbar This hides the whole structure and shows the selected output guantity only on the predefined cut plane as 1t 15 shown 1n Figure 93 Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help v Pre processor E Run OZEH BR AABAHBB GB V APV Le 1 TRH ee Fa S View oX Settings manager Scale 1 558E 06 2 000E 03 4 000E 03 Sera After the cut definition it is possible to activate I 1 000E 02 its display by selecting the appropriate cut name ro ER in the list box in the Section toolbar Te 2 000E 02 2 200E 02 er v 2 329E 02 Structure Section Activity Abs min Abs max 3D LayerO outline Results mE si Cracks Evolution 1D Scalars vectors Tensors Scalars iso areas ne in nodes n Principal Strain Max Figure 93 The display of maximal principal strains on the predefined cut There are many possible displays of results in ATENA the user is encouraged to explore the available menus in ATENA post processor or to consult the ATENA User s Manual for more details The subsequent figures summarize some of the possible methods for displaying the results from ATENA analysis 74 Atena 3D
25. selecting the Z button below n the Section toolbar This opens a window showing a list of currently defined cuts see Figure 91 There are no cuts now but a new one can be created by selecting the Add button This opens another window that 1s shown n Figure 92 for cut definition Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 DH SY QQQO MEH A HABS Bai LHRRU EE zl _ View1 Settings manager Cut definition 1s started by clicking this button 1n Section the Section toolbar undefined View Activity lt all gt te m f j This opens a window l listing the current cut definitions Basic ja 1D LayerO x ja 3D LayerO outline z HE L Results K ore The Add button is Cracks Evolution 1D used for defining Scalars Vectors Tensors Scalars new cuts Close Adding cut Cut name Title Cut1 It is possible to name each cut for future usage and identification The highlighted items are clickable and can be used to specify the desired cut Press Add button to add Sat definition the cut definition to the Cut definition typeplane and offset li St PlaneyZ Offset from the origin0 500 m 2 Rotation along local Z axis 0 00 Number 1 X End Figure 92 Cut definition window A cut parallel to YZ plane is selected with origin at 0 5 m and named Cut 1 73 In this window see Figure 92 it 1s
26. the first monitor 1s located in macroelement 2 Parameter input Title Load Type Value atnode Value Reactions Item Component 3 Macroelement 2 Closest to the point X 0 1650 m Y 0 0950 m Z 0 3500 m 62 These two monitoring points will allow us to monitor the load displacement curve during the non linear finite element analysis It makes it possible to see the changes of actions and displacement at each load step and even at each iteration The program display after the definition of the monitoring points is shown in Figure 80 Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help mpun 0 Postprocesor Dee amp amp z a HHA LY Zu LH KB TRH FE So F Actual pan Load case LC 2 Prescribed defor Y Activity all active Input data tree O Analysis information O Materials O Activity E O Construction cases Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs O Load cases Joints Lines Surfaces O Solution parameters O Analysis steps Monitoring points pig A I Title Type Quantity item Location Sarees oss Contacts Deflection Value at node Displacements Component 3 Macroelement 1 point 0 0000 0 0950 0 0000 m Ed
27. the plane XZ and since the plate dimensions are 0 03x0 10 the follow ng values for dx 0 05 and dz 0 03 should be used see Figure 28 Edit grid Parameter input Origin Step X 0 165 X 0 050 Y 0 000 Y 0 500 Grid Origin Step 0 1650 m 0 0500 m 0 0000 m 0 5000 m 0 3200 m 0 0300 m W Show grid i Snap to grid can be temporarily turned off by Ctrl Z 0 320 Z 0 030 Working plane XZ Working plane al Offset 0 0000 m Cancel Figure 28 Grid settings for the support plate definition The grid origin should be moved to 0 165 0 0 32 in order to place the grid origin into the center of bottom part of the loading steel plate At this point it is more convenient to modify the view of the structure in order to start defining the support plate geometry First let s change the view such that the structure is viewed from the negative Y axis by selecting the button CI This view is perpendicular to the beam geometry as well as the grid plane By selecting the zoom extend buttonEd the display of the whole beam appears It is also more convenient to switch to parallel view by clicking the button If the parallel projection is selected the exact projection of the beam geometry into the X Z plane 1s obtained 21 3 4 2 Joints definition Now it 1s time to define the support plate cross section by creating joints and by directly clicking into the appropriate grid locations The joint defin
28. to create a new solid by extruding a surface along a predefined vector The easiest method is to create a solid using the parametric definition from simple entities such as columns beams or pyramids Some of these approaches will be used in this tutorial example The user 1s encouraged to explore the various items in the Input data tree in the window that is shown in Figure 20 This can provide the user with an overview of the various features available in ATENA for three dimensional solid modeling The current version of the program supports only straight lines Curved lines can be approximated by several linear segments The program includes tools for automatic generation of such piecewise linear segments for arcs and circles 14 New macroelements z s be Ty 2 Offset 0 0000 7 7 b A E gt BB Hl BB Y thet Input data tree puts Grid toolbar can be used to Joint fie modify the work plane and Surfaces AA Openings x EEE grid settings Simple objects O Extrusion a Input data access tree activates This toolbar is used for definition of various entities _ selection of perspective isoparametric projection or ES quick view changes Window for entities tables v Macroelement joints v Nacroeloert Ines standard solid macroelements a ee f of v Macroelement surfaces ae E Br S Gebel ores special shell plate macroelemg Ss ae Copy Ove Globa
29. 0 0 Table line Information 0 1657 0 0000 0 3839 Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 A Calculate Macroelement type standard m Number 2 E Add Quit Figure 31 Definition of boundary lines 23 New macroelements Topology Properties 7 tliat ik a S Je dt offset 09 0000 zo EJ Bl LI TH EE BD 9 By Ba a Individual Add Acquire Edit f Remove 8 8 Selected Remove Surfaces Openings Simple objects O Extrusion Arcs amp circles v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces DEI Joints Local CS Local coord s of joints Add Local coord s of lines Origin End Angle 7 Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme Edit 3 Remove one Number 0 5 Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 EA Calculate Macroelement type standard Number 2 Table line Figure 32 Program display after the definition of boundary lines for the loading plate cross section 24 3 4 4 Surface definition The surface definition starts in a similar manner by selecting the item Entities Surfaces Add n the Input data tree This act vates the Interactive surface definition The surface 1s defined by selecting the lines that form ts boundary see Figure 33 In this case 1t 1s not necessary to select all the b
30. 2 23 25 2 29 30 32 36 40 40 44 47 54 60 64 64 4 2 5 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 6 7 8 Interactive window POST PROCESSING Introduction Post processing window Load displacement diagrams Text output Analysis log files CONCLUSIONS PROGRAM DISTRIBUTORS AND DEVELOPERS LITERATURE 64 70 70 70 79 81 82 83 84 87 1 Introduction This tutorial provides a basic introduction to the usage of the program ATENA 3D and it is specifically targeted for ATENA 3D beginners This tutorial contains a step by step explanation how to perform a non linear analysis on an example problem of a reinforced beam without smeared reinforcement The geometrical and material properties correspond to the experimental setup by Leonhard in 1962 More details about the problem or experiment can be also obtained from the original report 5 or from the program developer or distributor The step by step demonstration 1s performed on an example of simply supported beam which 1s loaded by two loads as 1t 1s shown n Figure 1 The problem is symmetric around its vertical axis therefore only one symmetric half of the beam will be analyzed The steps necessary for the data preparation non linear analysis and post processing are depicted on subsequent figures which show the computer screen for each step and user action There 1s always also a short description for each figure In the post proc
31. 9E 02 MN g MN 23 1 0 0013 0 013 0 018 1 7e 005 NR 5 24 L 0 0011 0 0079 0 0054 8 8e 006 NR a m A O LI O A US 5 O g Jobe Cog l endi der UNA o Values at step 40 iteration 24 Y Figure 84 The run time window after the completion of all 40 steps and selecting a crack filter of 0 1 mm Normally the program displays all cracks even very small cracks that are normally no visible A somewhat cleaner display of the main crack can be obtained by introducing a proper crack filter A crack filter can be introduced by selecting the button F in the toolbar to the left of the main run time window see Figure 85 Often an appropriate minimal crack width to be displayed s 0 0001 m 1 e 0 1 mm Cracks lt 1 000E 04 zi Mult 1 000E 00 Figure 85 Crack filter toolbar 68 Graph parameters Eg lt none gt Z nk g 8 75E 02 E 8 25E 02 Axis label Displacements Range automatic z 7 70E 02 Value 7 15E 02 Deflection z 6 60E 02 6 05E 02 Multiplier 1 000 v Switch axis orientation 5 50E 02 Y axis 4 95E 02 Axis label Loads Range automatic Ss 3 85E 02 Unit MN z 3 30E 02 O Name Coefficient Ce 2 756 02 v 1 000 a Switch axis orientation 2 20E 02 1 65E 02 1 10E 02 3 20E 03 0 00E 00 Redraw graph F A SS SS SS Se L Apply vr OK 0 00E 00 1 50E 03 3 00E 03 4 20E 03 Redraw after load step Displacements m Cance
32. A 3D 29 3 4 7 Copy This operation is started by selecting the macro element to be copied This can be accomplished by selecting the item Macroelements in the Input data tree on the left side of the program main window This opens a table listing the existing macro elements 1n the model This table appears along the bottom part of the program window see Figure 40 In this table the macro element 2 1s to be selected This macro element represents the loading plate and the correct selection 1s highlighted by green color of the selected macro element Also the corresponding line n the macro element list changes to blue color If the correct macro element 1s selected as indicated n Figure 40 1t s possible to proceed to the actual copy operation The copy operation starts by selecting the Topology Macroelements Selected Copy item n the Input data tree This action changes the content of the bottom window as shown in Figure 41 where the parameters of this operation are to be specified Each parameter can be modified by clicking the highlighted items The selected macro element is to be copied and shifted along the x axis by the distance of 0 810 m Only one copy is necessary and since there are no forces or springs attached to the source macro element 1t does not matter what 1s selected for the last two parameters Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v2 cc3 Fle Edit Input Data Show Settings
33. Cementitious2 Remove Number 0 3 Materials Figure 19 The three materials which were defined previously can be viewed or modified from the Materials table window at the bottom part of the ATENA 3D window 13 3 3 Concrete beam Next step n the Input data preparation should be the definition of problem geometry The geometry 1s created by defining individual solid regions In ATENA 3D these regions are called Macro elements The macro element definition 1s activated by selecting Topology Macroelements of ATENA 3D window Input data tree H Analysis information Materials Activity H C construction cases d Macroelements Individual Add Edit Remove 5 5 Selected Remove Ea Copy Ea Move Contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs H H H H OH BI Add inthe Input data tree on the left side This action opens a new window that 1s to be used for the definition of joints lines and surfaces composing the new macro element Each macro element has its own set of joints lines and surfaces The window layout is shown in Figure 20 A new macro element can be created by several approaches The simplest one but the most time consuming method is to define individual joints Then connect them to lines which are later connected to form surfaces Surfaces can be used directly to define a solid or the extrusion feature can be used
34. D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help Pre processor W Run Dee SS QQ EJ EJ A V AH Ze LH RMU EE al View Settings manager Step Step40 Section undefined View Activity lt all gt Structure Basic ja 1D LayerO ja 3D LayerO outline Z s EL Results 1D Layer m 3D LayerO Cracks Evolution 1D Scalars Vectors Tensors Tensors show x in integ points h Principal Stress Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help Pre processor W Run DEU RR Bed HBO B 9 8 Ce hLHIKRK T e e A View Settings manager 7 684E 01 Step 7 O000E 01 6 300E 01 Step40 v 5 600E 01 4 900E 01 4 200E 01 3 500E 01 2 800E 01 undefined Eases View 1 400E 01 Activity lt r 7 000E 00 0 000 00 lt all gt a 1 109E 00 Section Structure Abs min Abs max 21 je Basic 1D LayerO ja 3D LayerO outline s EJ 1 Results ol 1D Layer ja 3D LayerO Cracks Evolution 1D Scalars Vectors Tensors Scalars in nodes tf Stress T Sigma xx b Figure 97 Iso areas of xx component of stresses 76 The Figure 96 and Figure 97 show that there exist a large stress concentration at the loading and support steel plates It 1s understandable but this affects the color scale that 1s automatically selected such that
35. Help ud RUn V Postprocesor Dee BB o Actual Load case none Activi all active Input data tree 1 First select the item Macroelements O analysis informa O materials O activity O Construction cas J Macroelements Individual 3 Then select the tem Macroelements Selected Copy Reinforcement b External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs O Load cases 2 Then highlight the macroelement 2 I Description Number Local CS joints lines surfaces Azimuth Zenith 2 E Add v Surfaces gt Contacts facroelement 1 E ee Reinforcement 2 Meese 2 10 15 7 External cables ra lt wo T uj m Macroelements v Refinement v Number 1 2 Figure 40 Selection of loading plate macroelement for copy operation to create a similar macroelement for support plate 30 The Figure 41 shows the recommended set of parameters Once a valid set of parameters 1s selected a preview of the new macro element appears in the main graphical window If the preview shows that the new macro element has been created at the correct position see Figure 41 it is possible to click the button Copy at the right bottom corner of the program window This action wi
36. No history 1s currently defined so the table is empty Individual load steps can be now added to the table by pressing the button Add on the right side of this table B in 11 4 o Ae A BI HOH BL V Zus Li TH Z a m Actual Load case LC 2 Prescribed defor gt Activity all active Input data tree Add analysis steps Properties O Analysis informat Load cases 1 2 O material O activity Construction case fe Construction case 1 Sol params My N R parameters Construction cases Analysis step mult 1 000 ta Macroelements an a Number of added load steps 40 fF Add End External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs E O Load cases 3 In this dialog the step Joints Li Sek parameters are specified on LJ O Solution er j REESE 1 Select the item Run 2 Click the Add button to Analysis steps start load step definition Joints A t Load cases Construction Parameters Coefficient Line Number case analysis Contacts Reinforcement v External cables v Springs Analysis steps v Loading v Refinement vi Figure 75 Load steps are specified using the button Add from the table of Analysis steps This table appears in the table window after highlighting theRun Analysis steps item in the Input data tree 58 Parameter input Load ca
37. O Macroelements A Te Individual Add Edit Remove 32 Selected Remove a Copy fal Move Contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs HH HH OH iding O Load cases a v view 1 5 Joints I v Line a Move selectionmacroelements Fa Move Surfaces Operationmirror global coordinate system Contacts v Reinforcement v External cables v Springs v Loading v Refinement v FE mesh v Monitoring points Based onxY plane shifted to 2 0 1600 m Move macroelements Figure 43 Mirror operation for moving the support plate macro element into the correct position Parameter input Operation mirror Shifted to Z 0 16m 33 Now the geometry of the whole structure 1s created It 1s possible to rotate and zoom the structure using the buttons and EJ respectively in order to verify that the support plate is positioned correctly at the bottom part of the beam see Figure 44 Atena 3D Pre processor E users Zp manualy ShearBeam 3D cc 3 File Edit Input Data View Options Help u Run X Post processor Osa Soe sle 9 lt none gt wahl b Z Load case none Activity all active v Input data tree EO Macroelements Al fe E oO D 33 lt o lt ULL i g E Contacts br Reinforcement bars External cables E Joint springs fv Line springs gt Surface springs O Loading
38. Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help 3 Pre processor ad Run OSH SY ALA HBH BA Hay Pe Lh RT TRH RE o x ale View Settings manager GOT Step Step40 Section undefined View Activity lt all gt Structure EN 4E Basic ent Results 0 1D LayerO is m 3D LayerO Y Scalars Vectors Tensors Cracks Evolution 1D Cracks elements z lt 3 000E 04 7 Mult 1 0E 00 Figure 94 The display of un deformed mesh outline and element cracks in the interior of the structure The crack filter of 0 3 mm is used Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help Pre processor amp Run OSH RR AAGAHSOBRA 9 84 LH MH EE 7 ae View1 Settings manager Step Step40 E Section undefined Basic m 1D LayerO v m m 3D LayerO v surface mesh M Results ne sa 2 er id a KE AITNE 4 7 4 N Pi a ae Aa N 17 We 4 v 4 4 gt U z 7 RA Bun m 3D Layer Cracks Evolution 1D Scalars Vectors Tensors Vectors b isplacements 7 Mult 2 0601 H Figure 95 Un deformed mesh outline with displacement vectors at finite element nodes 75 Atena 3
39. Quit Sr we DENE 5 ee an ER I AV Re r Local coordinate system ay v eg surfaces let De Nge 0 00 Zenith 0 00 obal JOINT g 2 i N 5 k x k v Global lines es ae SEE NET Veit ae eee teks I NEE re of joints Ses Locaus Local coord s of lines x m Y m z m Azimuth 7 zenith 7 ram Local coord s of surfaces 0 1150 0 0000 0 3200 A 3 Local coord s of macroeleme k 0 1150 0 0000 0 3500 Edit g 0 1650 0 0000 0 3500 Remove 3 0 2150 0 0000 0 3500 JE 0 2150 0 0000 0 3200 y Number 0 10 Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 ud Calculate Macroelement type standard v Number mz 7 OK Cancel Figure 69 Addition of a new joint to the macro element 2 Parameter input Coordinate X 0 165 m Y 0 095 m Z 0 350 m ALTERNATIVE METHOD Sometimes in the case of too coarse grid the program cannot automatically recognize that the joint lies on the line The joint has to be part of the all contour lines of the macroelement Therefore it is necessary to add joint in a different way It is done by removing the line surfaces will be automatically removed with the line lying on the top loading plate and then add the new joint lines and surfaces again This is accomplished by selection the item Topology Macroelements Edit in the Input data tree Then the macro element 2 should be selected and press button Edit This brings up the window for macro element editing that 1s shown in Fig
40. The evolution of ID quantity can be also d splayed as 2D graphs along Stress the reinforcement Mult 2 0E 03 Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help v Pre processor Run Settings manager o F 2 118E 01 Step 2 400E 01 3 000E 01 s tep40 3 600E 01 4 200E 01 Section he 5 400E 01 Activity 6 000E 01 6 600E 01 7 200E 01 Results 7 800E 01 8 400E 01 ja 1D Layer 3 A 9 059E 01 3D Layer Scalars Vectors Tensors Cracks Evolution 1D Structure Abs min Abs max ed V Y g i 18 53E by 7 10 3650 J 1 3 l Evolution 1D in nodes MM Stress A Sigma xx be Mult 2 0E 03 H 33 l 25255 SLU 3910 s a Are en nee rosa 7 az u L0 48801 a 4 j ae J7 B82E 91 1 3 4 74 Berg SS M5404 ate gt ho EFF EBEN G lt 7 684E 01 9 059E 01 gt MP Glob struct limits Max x Y 2 1 275 0 190 0 350 Automatic scale G lt 7 684E 01 9 059E 01 gt MF Evolution 1D Figure 90 The post processing window with color rendering and evolution of stresses along the reinforcement bars 12 Another important feature 1s the possibility to cut the analyzed structure by an arbitrary plane and display results on this plane The option 1s activated by
41. a tree Joints Line Surfaces H Openings Simple objects a O Extrusion X O Arcs amp circles View v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces ae A SR a 2 Local coord s of joints I D The type and other parameters can be defined in the window New object The object is created by clicking the button Generate Local coord s of lines Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme New object Entity type column beam coordinate system global reference point placement 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 reference point is in the brick s corner size vx 0 0000 vy 0 0000 Yz 0 0000 The column brick height cannot be zero Generate Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 TA Calculate Macroelement type standard Zi Information Number 2 Add Quit Figure 26 The beginning of support plate definition 20 3 4 1 Grid setting When defining two dimensional macro element cross section it is advantageous to utilize the working plane grid The grid settings are controlled by the toolbar shown in Figure 27 the dts DL l offset 00000 S Z Figure 27 The toolbar controlling the grid settings Select the button for the manual specification of grid properties and set the grid specifications according to Figure 28 The plate cross section should be defined in
42. acenumber 1 direction global Y axis size 0 1900 m original surface keep I Select the surface or opening for extrusion Other parameters can be specified in the window Extrusion parameters The extrusion is created using the button Information b Generate Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 7 Zenith 0 00 7 EA Calculate Macroelement type standard fH Add Quit Figure 36 Preview of the new entity for the modeling of the loading plate 21 If the preview indicates that the new entity has a correct shape the Generate button has to be selected n order to actually create this entity It 1s important not to forget to click the Generate button otherwise this new entity could be lost After the Generate button 1s selected 1t 1s possible to note that the entity display has also changed in the main window see Figure 37 New macroelements Topology Properties By Ea the te Alg offset 00000 Z Bes Z TRH EE V Input data tree Joints Line Surfaces Openings HO amp H G O Simple objects 8 Extrusion O Arcs amp circles v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces i j T IE gt E i aa x Local coord s of joints Select the surface or opening for extrusion Other parameters can be specified in the window Extrusion parameters The extrusion is created using the button n Local
43. ager Plasticity 30 InterFace Reinforcement Cycling Reinforcement Bond For Reinforcement 30 Bilinear Steel Yon Mises Spring Figure 9 Selection of elastic isotropic material for the steel plates New material 3D Elastic Isotropic Material name toad Title Steel plates mi ARE Basic Miscellaneous Elastic modulus E 2 100E 05 MPa Stress stram Law Poisson s ratio 4 0 300 Number i Previous Finish Cancel Figure 10 The dialog for the definition of material properties for the steel plates 3 2 2 Reinforcement Material type Properties Material set a Basic Materials Material Reinforcement ae Previous Next Cancel Figure 11 Selection of material model for the bar reinforcement New material Reinforcement Material name Title Reinforcement Basic Miscellaneous Type Bilinear Elastic modulus E 000E 05 MPa Iy 560 000 MPa Stress strain law Number 1 Previous Finish Cancel Figure 12 The dialog for the definition of reinforcement material parameters The bi linear elastic perfectly plastic stress strain diagram is selected for this problem Parameter input Type Bilinear Elastic modulus 200 000 MPa Oy 560 MPa 10 3 2 3 Concrete beam Material type Properties Material set cc Basic Materials Material SD No inline ar C ET nentitio WS NE Previous Next X
44. analysis starts and the progress of various tasks 1s shown by a progress bar in the top right part of the run time window see Figure 81 64 This window Calculate These buttons are used to shows the pre buton starts the switch to pre processing defined load steps analysis or post processing modes Results saving can be selected here Atena 3D Atena D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear bean 3D v5 cc3 LEX File Settings Help Pre processor 81 Postprocesor I Number State Perform Save I step analysis analysis data Start the analysis with the button Calculate gt 1 Not analysed Yes Yes a _ BZ Not analysed Yes Yes E calculate 3 Not analysed Yes Yes 5 FE Tol van Tol van 2 Save all data after completing each step lt Analysis steps Results saving Convergence v ZI S a aA EJ Bi E43 BJ 2 1 I TE HO 12 z Activity all active zi Structure aE M 1D M 2D M 3D 1 000E 00 The monitoring This windows shows data can be er the analyzed model 1D 2D 3D graphically all cracks F displayed here a and their numerical values are listed in the 4 1 1 1 1 1 000E 00 Scalars Edit data list Automatic scale Visualization of results during the analys s can be selected here 0 Step Iteration conv crit 1 Cony crit 2 Cony crit 3 cony crit 4 j Number o Nam
45. ate of the structure For instance from monitoring of applied forces or reactions it is possible to determine 1f the maximal load was reached or not Monitoring points can be defined by highlighting the Run Monitoring points item in the Input data tree This action again changes the content of the bottom window that now shows the list of currently defined monitoring points This list 1s currently empty and monitoring points can be added by selecting the Add button on the right side of this table For this example the first monitoring should be located at the middle of the beam near its bottom surface where the largest vertical displacements can be expected The deflections will be monitored at this location The beam deflection corresponds to displacement in the z direction 1 e the third displacement component The monitor definition 1s shown in Figure 77 and the detailed description of the selected parameters is depicted in the subsequent Figure 78 During the analysis the program will find the closest location to the prescribed monitoring coordinates where the specified data are available and the results from this location will be monitored throughout the analysis EP Dw By By Ea A QAQQ AGHA Hs Zell i t EE DD Actual Load case LC 2 P ibed defor v a Re 1 Select Run Monitoring all active a oints Inp
46. cribed displacement at the top steel plate in load case 2 Parameter input Support in Za fixed Wza 0 0001 m 3 8 Loading history and solution parameters This section describes the definition of loading history for the analysis of Leonhard s shear beam The loading history consists of load steps Each load step is defined as a combination of load cases which had been defined previously Each load step contains also a definition of solution parameters which define solution methods that are to be used during the load steps ATENA 3D contains a standard set of solution parameters The standard solution parameters can be examined in the table of Solution parameters This table appears in the table window after highlighting the Run Solution Parameters item in the Input data tree 54 The new set of solution parameters can be defined by selecting the button Add on the right side of this table In this example a new set of solution parameters called My N R parameters will be created as depicted in Figure 71 Figure 72 Figure 74 and Figure 75 New solution parameters General Line Search Conditional break criteria Title My M F parameters Solution method Newton Raphson Line search Optimize node numbers Sloan Update stiffness Each iteration hi Stiffness type Tangent z Iteration limit For one analysis step 40 Displacement error tolerance 0 010000 Residual error tolerance 0 010000
47. dit Input Dal w Options Help Loading Surfaces Add item in the input data tree condition S General daa A O Analysisfinformation O Materigls 2 Prescribed deformation H Loading Support in 4g Wigi 0 000E 00 m d oo Support in Yg free Wya m Lines Support in Zg free VW Za EET m Surfaces gt Individual sl 2 Define the correct Edit ps 5 OK X Cancel oe condition attributes Bee ee Selecte S Remove support in x and O Macroelements A a renforcent Click OK button see Vi Figure 66 Ty Support and prescribed def in direction Surfaces PT TEEN Be TI ze Y m Z m v Contacts WV Reinforcement External cables 14 Springs Loading Refinement WIFE mesh W Monitoring points Prescribed deformat a Figure 65 The definition of the horizontal support at the right side of the beam Support SUPPOFE in a Support in Yg free a Support in Zg free Coordinate system Global OK Cancel Figure 66 The definition of the symmetric boundary condition 50 Deuy isn se E D Select 3 Select this Actual surface to apply the boundary Coordinate system support Number 0 0 ana 3L Pre processc Muse p manu hearBbeam 3D c SEE z D a amp amp o Je S TH ee ml on 1 1 1 Select Load case LC 2 Prescribed deformafti Y Loading Lines Add 2
48. e Magnitude Unit Message Output Error Parameters Progress C1 Cony crit 1 un za DOO C2 Conv crit 2 C3 Conv crit 3 IU C4 Cony crit 4 View Various messages about the analysis progress are shown here Monitoring points Protocols Figure 81 The interactive window for monitoring the progress of non linear analysis The graph window on left part of the screen shows the development of monitoring point values By default this window shows the evolution of convergence criteria of the non linear solution algorithm In most cases it is desirable to modify this window such that it can also show the graphical evolution of a load displacement diagram Such a diagram usually plots deflection on the horizontal axis and loads on the vertical axis In the pre processing stage two additional monitors had been defined one for monitoring deflections and the other one for monitoring reactions It is useful to modify the graph on the left side of the run time window such that it shows the development of these monitoring points during the analysis 65 The contents of the graph window can be modified by pressing the button above the graph window This action opens a dialog window that is shown in Figure 82 Here it is possible to select the monitoring data that are to be displayed on the horizontal and vertical axis The deflection monitor should be selected for the
49. e Gar Load Title uto Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Specific Fracture energy GF 6 235E 05 MM m Crack opening law m m Number 3 Previous Finish Cancel Figure 16 The dialog window for the tensile properties for the concrete material 12 New material 3D Nonlinear Cementitious 2 Material name Load Title nerete O ey Save Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Critical compressive displacement v4 5 000E 04 Compressive ductility Plastic strain at compressive strength p 6 976E 04 Reduction of comp strength due to cracks 0 8 Number 3 Previous Finish Cancel Figure 17 The dialog window for the compressive properties of concrete material New material 3D Nonlinear Cementitious 2 Material name Gee Load Title te Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Fail surface excentricity 0 520 Crack opening law Multiplier For the plastic Flow dir 6 ooon g protated Specific material weight g 2 3006 02 mm3 M Coefficient of thermal expansion d 1 200E 05 1 K Fixed crack model coefficient 1 000 Number a Figure 18 The dialog window for the miscellaneous properties of concrete material In this window it is recommended to verify that the fixed crack model coefficient is set to 1 0 er Steel plates CC3DElastIsotropic Edit Reinforcement CCReinforcement Concrete CC3DNonLin
50. e Set the grid model full model direction of illumination 3 1 2 Definition of the geometrical model After examination of the user interface layout 1t 1s possible to start with the definition of the geometrical model of the analyzed structure It 1s a good practice to provide a short description of the problem to be analyzed In ATENA 3D this can be done by selecting the General data Analysis information item in the Input data tree Atena 3D Pre processor no name aan File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help J Run a Postprocesor D eH B amp amp Alle VY QQ QBN BE V Le LH RE Actual Load case none Activity all active Input data tree o Analysis information O Materials O Activity Select this item to define global problem attributes Construction cases Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs O Load cases O Solution parameters O Analysis steps O Monitoring points View TI Joints V Line I Global structural parameters Pay neters v Surfaces Description v Contacts S Note Global Reinforcement 5 Unit system Metric v External cables i Global sol params Solution v Springs E Solver type standard v Loading E Solution geometricall
51. e tab at the top part of the window The input stream contains the commands that were passed from the pre processor to the analysis module In the first step 1t contains the definition of the numerical model In the subsequent load steps it contains the definition of supports loads and solution parameters The format of this file 1s described in the ATENA Input File Format manual 4 The advanced users can modify the contents of this file by copying and pasting it into an external editor Then such an input file it is recommended to use the extension inp for these files can be loaded into the ATENA 3D pre processor using the command File Open other Analysis control file Only users experienced with the program ATENA and the format of this file should modify the input file otherwise they can damage their data which may then become unusable The output stream contains the output from the analysis module Normally this stream 1s empty since it 1s used later when text output 1s requested The message stream contains the information about the analysis progress as they appeared also in the interactive window during the non linear analysis The error stream contains error and warning messages from the analysis modules This stream should be examined for errors that might have occurred during the numerical calculations 82 6 Conclusions This tutorial provided a step by step introduction to the usage of ATENA 3D on an example of a re
52. ed of joints lines and surfaces In ATENA 3D each macro element has its own joints lines and surfaces This means that no joint line or surface can be shared by two macro elements It 1s possible to use previously defined entities 1 e joints lines or surfaces for the definition of a new macro element but every time this is done a new copy of the entity 1s created with identical geometry but different 1d Macro element definition starts with the creation of geometrical joints These joints are later connected into boundary lines The current version of the program supports only straight lines Curved lines can be approximated by several linear segments The program includes tools for automatic generation of such piecewise linear segments for arcs and circles The subsequent step in the macro element definition is the creation of surfaces The current version 1s limited to planar surfaces Curved surfaces must be approximated by several planar surfaces Alternatively the program supports also the import of existing finite element meshes Such a mesh can be created by an external program and imported into ATENA for definition of ATENA specific features The surfaces are composed of the previously defined lines The program contains also tools for direct generation of simple geometrical objects such as prisms multi sided prisms or pyramids When two macro elements touch each other program automatically detects this condition and creates contacts a
53. ee the Mesh Study example in the ATENA Engineering Example Manual A minimum of 4 6 elements per thickness 1s recommended for at least qualitative results in bending Alternatively shell elements may be used see section Shell Macroelements in the User s Manual for ATENA 3D 37 Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v4 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help ud RUn Postprocesor OSU o A aa i EJ A V Bo A TH RE ep F Actual Load case none Activity fall active Input data tree A O Construction cas Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement b External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs O Load cases O Generation Joints Line Surfaces J Macroelements Individual Add Edit Remove 02 Selected E Remove Contacts Bs O Be Ee EP EK KE KK Joints A I u Refinement type Length m Mesh type v Line a H Add v Surfaces er Z Contacts JA cl eat Reinforcement Remove Number 0 1 v External cables v Springs Loading v Refinement Mesh parameters lt Figure 48 Specification of mesh properties for macro element 1 Other items in the FE Mesh section of the Input data tree allow the user to de
54. er joints lines surfaces Azimuth Zenith H Add Surfaces fl contacts 1 root 45 g Edit v Reinforcement 5 acroelement 2 10 15 7 v External cables Macroelement 3 10 15 7 serge al Eremo Loading 5 V Refinement 3 Number 1 3 Figure 42 The next step is to move the new macro element 3 such that it occupies the correct location along the bottom edge of the beam Move Mirror operation is used to accomplish that 32 This action again changes the content of the bottom window which now contains the parameters for the move operation There are several possible move methods shift rotation and mirror In this case it is advantageous to use the mirror method The mirroring should occur with respect to the XY plane that should be shifted by 0 16 m along the Z axis from the origin The correct definition of the move parameters is shown in Figure 43 which also shows the display of the main graphical window after the above set of parameters is used The graphical window also shows the preview of the new location of the macro element 3 If the correct position is verified it 1s possible to press the Move button to actually perform the mirror operation Atena 3D Pre processor E users Zp manualy ShearBeam3D cc3 File Edit Input Data View Options Help Run a Post processor Daw RB Ba OG Ae o Actual Noe Load case none Activity fal active Input data tree oe
55. er the new macro element 1s created 1t 1s easy to see that 1t does not occupy the correct location at the bottom edge of the beam At this point 1t 1s advantageous to utilize the move mirror operation of ATENA 3D First 1t 1s necessary to deselect macro element 2 and select the macro element 3 whose position will be changed by the mirror operation When the correct macro element 1s highlighted in the main graphical window it is possible to select the item Topology Macroelements Selected Move in the Input data tree Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v3 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help ud RUN V Postprocesor Oo GS Balls E Z HABA R lt none TEA ABEna ev 4 1 HtHEt eel e Actual Load case none am 3 Select Input data tree Ee Move item O Construction casi BB Macroelements B Individual Add Edit Remove 2 Selected E Remo Ga Cop fal Move Contacts Reinforcement b External cables Joint springs Line springs 1 Deselect the macroelement 2 43 ma Surface springs J Loading O Load cases sodn 2 Select the J External cable E FE mesh macroelement 3 O Solution parame O analysis steps O Monitoring pointe gt a L Joints cal I REE 7 Description Number Local CS Line Numb
56. ese joints via lines The line input is activated by the item in the Input data tree Entities Lines Add n the Input data tree on left side of the program window Each boundary line 1s defined by first selecting the beginning joint and then the end joint It does not matter in which order are the joints selected however for subsequent definition of surfaces it 1s important that the created lines form a closed surface The process of line definition 1s shown 1n Figure 31 and the Figure 32 depicts the program display after all boundary lines are created Altogether 5 lines need to be created to form a closed surface Naturally the next step is to create the surface that will represent the cross section of the loading plate New macroelements Topology Properties Ra UL offset 0 0000 A Z Joints Line Individual Add Acquire Edit Remove 8 8 Selected Remove 2 surfaces First select the beginning joint and then select the end joint O Simple objects O Extrusion O Arcs amp circles v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints i r l i j Global surfaces molga x IA Racal coord 5 06 ionke m ajal Joints Local CS E add Select second joint Local coord s of lines Origin End Angle Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme Joint beg 4 Joint end Number
57. essing stage only some bas c post processing methods are described ATENA offers many options for viewing results from FE non linear analysis These options can be easily accessed from the post processing window by self explanatory buttons and toolbars For more details it 1s recommended to consult the ATENA 3D user s manual or the hotline desk at the program distributor or developer P steel plate 30 100 dd THICKNESS 190 mm A z 1060 mm 320 ____ O At steel plates 30 100 Figure 1 Geometry of the structure 2 Starting Program The simulation system ATENA 3D can be started by executing the program ATENA3D 1 EN EXE from the directory where the ATENA system 1s installed It is however more convenient to started the program from Start Programs menu on your computer desktop 3 PRE PROCESSING 3 1 Introduction This chapter explains the basic steps which are to be performed in order to define a complete geometrical and then a finite element model for non linear FE analysis by ATENA 3D The purpose of the geometrical model is to describe the geometry of the structure its material properties and boundary conditions The analytical model for the finite element analysis will be created during the pre processing with the help of the fully automated mesh generator The geometrical model is composed of three dimensional solid regions called macro elements Each macro element is defined separately and 1t is compos
58. fine similar mesh parameters for joints lines surfaces or contacts They can be used to specify certain areas with mesh refinement However if areas with mesh refinement are selected it is often impossible to mesh the adjacent regions with hexahedral elements i e brick elements and tetrahedral finite elements must be used instead In the case of contacts 1t 1s possible to enforce compatible meshes on both side of the contact In general case ATENA supports contacts with incompatible meshes but this feature should not be used if it is important to properly model stresses and deformation in the contact area In the analyzed case the contact regions between concrete beam and steel plates should not have a great influence on the beam behavior so it is not necessary to enforce the full mesh compatibility on the two contacts Due to this assumption it is also possible to mesh the beam with brick elements and the plates with tetras This greatly simplifies the model definition but it 1s necessary to understand that this will result in certain incompatibilities in the displacement field on these contacts In this case it is not a big problem since in reality the connection among the steel plates and concrete would not be perfect as well 38 At this point 1t 1s possible to generate the finite element mesh by selection the button Generate This button 1s visible from the main mesh generation window that 1s accessible by selecting the FE Mesh
59. finition Use the Add button to O simple objects manually specify the surface O Extrusion O Arcs amp circles boundary v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces n z Local coord s of joints I Boundary lines Local C5 I Select lines by clicking to definea Local coord s of lines Angle 7 Add surface A new surface is created w Localcoord s ofsufaces 2L i Local coord s of macroeleme Edit Outer boundaries Remove Number 0 1 0 1477 0 0000 0 2525 Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 7 Zenith 0 00 EA Calculate Macroelement type standard Table surfaces Information i Add Quit Figure 34 The final display after the first surface definition At this point 1t should be also noted that a surface could be also defined manually by specifying the ID numbers of each line forming the surface The manual input s always activated from the table in the bottom of the macro element definition window 26 3 4 5 Extrusion The macro element for the loading plate can be now created by extruding this surface 1n the Y direction over the beam thickness 1 e 0 19 m The extrusion process can be started from the Input data tree item Generation Extrusion When this item is selected a window appears along the bottom part of the macro element definition window n which the extr
60. first reinforcement bar New reinforcement bars Calculate reinforcement area EJ Topology Properties Material fe Reinforcement b Area Reinforcement bond Number of bars and bar diameter Bar diameter 0 0260 m Number of bars 1 07 OK Cancel 2 Bi fa xi Figure 55 The reinforcement bar properties The cross sectional area can be comfortably calculated by using the available area calculator Bond model perfect connection Parameter input Material 2 Reinforcement Bar diameter 0 026 m Number of bars 1 43 3 6 2 Second bar The second bar will be created by exploiting the copy feature of ATENA This feature 1s accessible only from the main ATENA window However before exiting the reinforcement bar definition window 1t 1s important to add the created bar into the model This is accomplished by selecting the Add button n the most r ght bottom corner of this program w ndow see Figure 56 Then the neighboring Quit button could be used to return to the main program window New reinforcement bars Topology Properties ii e A f Offset 0 0000 F Ze Lowe Re Input data tree j E Joints Segments Le Individual Add Edit f Remove 8 Selected f Remove O Polyline O Arcs amp circles This button must be selected to include v Reinforcement joints the created bar into the global model v Reinforcement lines v Global rei
61. he second load case should be activated in a similar manner to the first one as 1t was shown in Figure 64 Now it would be advantageous to apply the prescribed displacement to 51 a single node rather than to a line as 1t was done in the case of the bottom support plate see Figure 67 If the prescribed displacement is applied to a single node it is possible to monitor the reaction forces at this node They will be directly equivalent to the half of the loading forces necessary to break the beam If the prescribed displacement is applied to a line it will be necessary to sum all the reactions at these nodes n order to obtain the total loading force This is of course also possible but in this example for demonstration purposes the prescribed deformation will be applied to a single node to simplify the monitoring of the results ATENA supports the application of load or boundary conditions only for geometrical entities The close examination of the top loading steel plate shows that there are no geometrical joints in the middle of the plate that could be used for the application of the prescribed deformation It is not possible to apply the prescribed deformation to the joints at the steel plate corners since this would result in un symmetric deformations with respect to the XZ plane Therefore it is necessary to include one more geometrical joint on the top of the loading steel plate This 1s accomplished by selection the item Topology Macroele
62. horizontal axis Then for the vertical axis it 1s necessary to first select the units The reactions have the units of force i e MN When a proper unit is selected the contents of the bottom part of this dialog changes and it is possible to select the monitor Load Here the label can be specified Ea for the horizontal axis Graph parameters m axis Axis label Displacement a automatic Here the monitor Deflection should be selected Multiplier 1 000 W Switch axis orientation Y axis Axis label Load Range automatic Label for the vertical 4X15 Unit MIN Mame Coefficient Color Load 1 000 M black r Here the units for the vertical ax s can be selected W Switch axis orientation Monitor selection from the list of available monitors Redraw graph Lise OK Redraw after iteration k Cancel Figure 82 The dialog for modifying the graph display in the left part of the run time window Parameter input X axis Axis label Displacement Value Deflection Switch axis orientation Y axis Axis label Load Value MN Switch axis orientation 66 Since the prescribed beam deformation is negative it can be expected that the monitored values of deflection and load will also be negative Therefore it 1s useful to switch the orientation of both horizontal and vertical axis by selecting the appropriate check boxes At the bottom of this dialog a list bo
63. ial type for the generated beam is specified by clicking the Properties button in top left corner of the macro element definition window In this case Concrete is the correct material for the created beam In this window it is also possible to specify smeared reinforcement This is one of the two possible methods for reinforcement modeling that are implemented in ATENA Reinforcement can be modeled either by modeling each individual bar or in an average sense by reinforcing a macro element in certain directions by specifying an appropriate reinforcement ratio This type of reinforcement model is called smeared reinforcement in ATENA and it can be inserted into each macro element by selecting the me Add button in the smeared reinforcement section of this window The smeared reinforcement feature is useful especially for modeling reinforcement mats or stirrups The analyzed beam however is without stirrups so the smeared reinforcement feature will not be used and therefore the smeared reinforcement list should be left empty 18 After the definition of material model for the created beam 1t 1s possible to finalize the macro element definition by returning back to the Topology tab and by selecting the Add button in the most bottom right corner of the macro element definition window Please note that this is a different button than the one used for the definition of smeared reinforcement that was discussed before At this
64. ies are defined in an interactive manner using the mouse it is advantageous to utilize the grid option analogically to the description in Section 0 during macro element 2 definition The item Arcs amp circles can be used to define reinforcement bars whose parts or formed by arcs or circles New reinforcement bars Topology Properties the ote LE Offset 0 0000 1 Z Ze ATE w HA O Use these buttons for graphical input and editing Le Individual Edit Remove 8 8 Selected Remove Segments O Polyline O Arcs amp circles This button starts the numerical input of reinforcing bars This button will w ss be used for the definition of the two Reinforcement joints V Reinforcement lines joints of the first bar v Global reinforcement v Global macroelements outlin Global macroelements filled Coordinate x m Y m z m Add Table joints Number 0 0 E Add Quit Figure 50 The program window at the beginning of the reinforcement bar definition 40 In this example there are two reinforcing bars along the bottom side of the beam with diameter 26 mm The bar distance from the beam bottom surface 1s 0 05 m In this case the bar definition will start by defining the first bar which will be then copied to create the second one The definition of the first bar will start by direct numerical definition of the coordinates for the bar beginning and end The
65. igure 89 and Figure 90 There it is possible to see the two available methods for visualizing reinforcement data either by using different colors or 2D diagrams 70 Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v cc3 BEA Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help v Pre processor ud Run Cee QQQ HANA 9 Hay du LH RH EE 28 Settings manager 1 558E 06 noe A A 2 000E 03 es 4 000E 03 6 tep40 M 6 000E 03 8 000E 03 Fe 1 1 400E 02 2 The deformed shape can be act vated here and u scaling factor can be specified undefined View 2 000E 02 2 200E 02 2 329E 02 Abs min Abs max Undefor m Deformed shape 1D LayerO 3D Layer EL Results ol 1D LayerO 3 Before any results can be displayed 3D results must be selected Cracks Evolution 1D Scalars vectors Tensors Scalars jiso areas mn 4 Select scalar data for rendering contour areas or iso lines Max z Figure 87 The post processing window containing contour areas of maximal principal strain cracks and deformed shape for the last load step 40 Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help v Pre processor ud Run DODGE BR ALBA BG VB LY Zeh TH EE zS Settings manager E Step 6 000E 03 defor
66. imal load carrying capacity of the beam which means we want to be able to trace the structural response also n the post peak regime The easiest method to accomplish this is by loading the beam by prescribed displacements at the top steel plate It 1s also possible to apply the loading by vertical forces which will be increased n each load step In order to be able to go into post peak advanced non linear solution strategies such as Arc length method would be necessary Such techniques are available in ATENA 3D but they will not be used in this example where Newton Raphson method and displacement load control 1s sufficient and will provide more robust results A loading history in ATENA 3D 1s defined in analogy to previous versions ATENA 2D and SBETA This means that first load cases are defined and then they are combined together to form a loading history for an analyzed structure In ATENA each loading step then represents a loading increment which 1s added to the previous loading history The load case definition starts by highlighting the Loading Load cases item in the Input data tree and clicking the Add button n the Load cases tables Figure 60 Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help mrn amp Postprocesor DOBEHU She z AA Ga He es Be HBb H RE BB F Input data tree H Add
67. info svoje en 3 In this input field an activity name can be Macroelements On x fi d Contacts N 4 Reinforcement bars N Sp ecilied External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs Bo 4 Appropriate check boxes should be de selected to define the activity contents O Solution parameters N O Analysis steps O Monitoring points 2 Select Add button to create a new activity 3 B Number 1 E Add End a e o er v i Contacts Reinforcement v External cables v Springs 8 v Loading Refinement v g Number 0 0 Figure 100 Activity definition in the ATENA 3D pre processor Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 View1 amp Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help v Pre processor m Run EL DSH RR AAAHBEBA 9 4 8 fa LH RH Et ae Settings manager Scale fat F 1 798E 01 Step 1 650E 01 1 500E 01 Step40 1 350E 01 1 200E 01 g 1 050E 01 Section s nun 9 000E 00 7 500E 00 undefined F ml 6 0005 00 View gt 4 500E 00 Activity 3 000E 00 1 500E 00 Concrete beam gt 1 004E 01 Structure ae tiie Abs max Basic ja 3D Layer outline 1 He EL Results 3D LayerO Cracks Evolution 1D Scalars Vectors Tensors Scalars in nodes Z Principal Stress Min z Au
68. inforced concrete beam without shear reinforcement Although this example 1s relatively simple from geometrical and topological point of view 1t 1s not a simple problem from the numerical point of view Due to the missing shear reinforcement the beam fails by a diagonal shear crack which is very difficult to capture using smeared crack approach This example demonstrates the powerful simulation capabilities of ATENA for modeling the brittle failure of concrete structures Even with a rather coarse mesh which was used n this demonstration example the diagonal shear crack was successfully captured Further improvement of the results can be achieved by decreasing the finite element size to for instance 8 elements over the beam height The objective of this tutorial is to provide the user with basic understanding of the program behavior and usage For more information the user should consult the user s manual 2 or contact the program distributor or developer Our team is ready to answer your questions and help you to resolve your problems The theoretical derivations and formulations that are used in the program are described in the theory manual 1 The experienced users can also find useful information in the manual for the analysis module only 4 83 7 Program distributors and developers Program developer Cervenka Consulting Ltd Na Hrebenkach 55 150 00 Prague 5 Czech Republic phone 420 220 610 018 fax 420 220 612 227
69. is information O Materials O activity O Construction cases Macroelements J Contacts Individual Edit t 3 3 Selected Reinforcement bars External cables 2 ud Joint springs Line springs Surface springs El O Load cases In order to see the contacts 1t 1s O Solution parameters O analysis steps O Monitoring points recommended to turn off the display of surfaces lt gt view Joints I Macroelement 1 Makcoelement 2 Connection type x Macroel Area Macroel Area full partia Edit v Contacts v Reinforcement v External cables v Springs v Loading v Refinement v 3 2 1 2 2 1 Contacts Number 0 2 Figure 45 The program automatically recognizes existing contacts among the created macro elements 35 3 5 Mesh generation After the definition of macro elements 1s completed 1t 1s possible to proceed to the next step in the definition of the numerical model that is the automatic mesh generation In ATENA 3D each macro element can be meshed independently Three main options exist for the macro element mesh generation It 1s possible to create a structured mesh that consists of only brick elements Such a method 1s possible only for macro elements that have six boundary surfaces For other macro elements that do not fulfill this requirement tetrahedral or mixed me
70. it Y Reinforcement Load Value at node Reactions Component 3 Macroelement 2 point 0 1650 0 0950 0 3500 m Remove v External cables Number 0 2 v Springs v Loading v Refinement Monitoring points lt Figure 80 The program display after the definition of monitoring points 63 4 FE non linear analysis 4 1 Introduction This section describes the process of running a non linear finite element analysis of the Leonhardt beam using the data that have been prepared n the previous sections of this tutorial Before finite element analysis 1t may be useful to save the data This 1s done by selecting the menu item File Save attop part of the main program window The finite element analysis 1s started using the button ARUN in the top right part After clicking this button the program will start to generate the input files for each step of the non linear analysis This process is indicated by a progress bar showing the status of this operation These input files are stored only the program memory and will not appear in the current working directory 4 2 Interactive window After the button is selected and all input files for all steps are created the program enters the interactive mode for monitoring the analysis progress The content of this window is shown in Figure 81 The analysis can be started now by pressing the Calculate button in the top right part of this window Once this button is selected the
71. it covers the whole stress range in the current figure Very often this 1s not desirable since 1t would be more interesting to learn about the stress distribution in the beam With this scale setting it is not possible since almost the whole beam 1s covered by a single color There are two ways how to resolve this problem and obtain a better color distribution One method 1s to deactivate the automatic color scale and define a new color scale see Figure 98 that can be for instance saved for future use Cracks Evolution 10 Scalars vectors Tensors 1 This button overrides the automatic color scale Scalars 2 When automatic scale 1s deactivated this button opens a dialog for manual definition of a user scale 3 These buttons and boxes can be used to save the Automatic seas gt created color scale for future use Figure 98 The boxes at the bottom ofthe Result toolbar can be used to create a user defined color scale Another method for changing the color scale is to activate the display of only certain parts of the structure Then the automatic color scale 1s adjusted based on the maximal and minimal values of the active part of the analyzed structure In this case for instance 1t would be desirable to display only the concrete beam without the steel plates This feature 1s called activity n ATENA 3D and an activity can be selected in the Activity toolbar in the toolbar window on the left The activity list is cu
72. ition starts in the Input data tree Entities Joints Add As youcan see in Figure 30 1t 1s necessary to create 5 joints The middle joint will be used for application of load New macroelements Topology Properties Ry tht de 11 offset 0 0000 Z Input data tree 2 Joints The middle point will be used Le Individual en later for load application Edit Remove 8 Selected Remove Line Surfaces Openings E O Simple objects O Extrusion O Arcs circles v Macroelement joints Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces u Coordinate Local CS Pe A joint is created at the cross location Local coord s of joints Add GD Number x m Y m Azimuth Zenith e Local coord s of lines by clicking the right mouse button Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme i Edit Coordinate X ta J i d f Remove Coordinate Y 0 3 al 4 3 2 5 Number 0 5 Coordinate Z QO Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 EA Calculate Macroelement type standard M Table joints Information mad Ba Coordinate Y m 5 0250 00000 0 3200 Figure 30 The table of join s coordinates which can be used in the case the grid is not displayed correctly joints Table 22 3 4 3 Lines definition The next step is to connect th
73. l Load 3 I Figure 86 The graph display when monitoring after steps is selected After the analysis 1s completed 1t 1s possible to return to the pre processor for making any necessary changes such as for instance adding more load steps or proceed to the post processing stage of the analysis by clicking the post processing button in the top right corner NOTE In order to eliminate a loss of data in case of computer crash it is useful to automatically safe data by each step It can be done by selecting the checkbox Save all data after completing each step This checkbox 1s located in the top right corner below the Calculate button 69 5 Post processing 5 1 Introduction After the finite element analysis 1s completed or terminated 1t 1s possible to click the post processing button Post procsssor The selection of this button is meaningful only after the analysis has been performed otherwise there would be no results to visualize 5 2 Post processing window The layout of the post processing window 1s shown 1n Figure 87 The menu and the toolbar along the top part of the window can be used for typical operations such as saving or opening data files or various rotat on or shift operations The user is encouraged to consult the ATENA User s Manual for detailed understanding of the available options At this point t may be important to mention the rotation button If this button is selected it 1s possible to rotate
74. l surfaces Local coord s of joints 1 The type and other parameters can be defig d in the window New object The object is created by clicking the button Generate Local coord s of lines Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroelem New object Entity type columnjbeam coordinate system global reference point placement 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 reference point is in the brick s corner size Yx 0 0000 Vy 0 0000 Yz 0 0000 The column brick height cannot be zero b Generate Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 EA Calculate Macroelement type standard m Number BEI Add Quit Figure 20 Layout of the ATENA window for macro element definition View Fi Here it is possible to switch betwe Information 15 3 3 1 Geometry definition The analyzed structure 1s symmetrical so 1t 1s possible to analyze only the symmetrical half The first task would be to define the concrete beam Subseguently the steel plates for loading and supports will be created The concrete beam is a prism and therefore it is advantageous to generate its geometry using the parametric definition of simple entities This can be accomplished by selecting the item Generation Simple objects in the Input data tree This activates the generation window along the bottom edge of the macro element window In this window the following data should be specified see Figure 21 The input of numerical quantitie
75. ll actually create the new macro element at the specified location It should be noted that no new macro element 1s created 1f the Copy button is not selected Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v2 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help mrn amp Postprocesor DSB Ba role ABBR o A e aA BE BA Wi Zus 1 Z I TH 7i EZ 82 Actual Load case none z Activity all active Input data tree A In order to better see the coordinate ax s along which the shift 1s to be performed 1t 1s useful to deactivate the surface El A O Analysis informa O Materials O activity E O construction cas O Macroelements Individual Add Edit Remove 2 Selected f Remove Gal Copy fal Move Contacts Reinforcement ip External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs O Load cases Copy parameters are specified by clicking the highlighted items Copy selectionmacroelements Gal Copy Operationshift global coordinate systern Sr O 5 Dir X axis shift vau TEN vx v External cables 5 Numbercopies1 loadingcopy springs copy v Springs g Loading Refinement M 8 Figure 41 Shifting the copy of the loading plate along the x axis by the distance of 0 810 m Parameter input shift value 0 810 m 31 3 4 8 Move Aft
76. med shape 3 0006 p 1 000E 02 1 200E 02 1 400E 02 1 600E 02 1 800E 02 Section undefined View gt 2 000E 02 2 200E 02 2 329E 02 1 558E 06 The best crack visualization is obtained by turning of the Abs min Abs max 1D LayerO EA E 3D LayerO j a outline M ne EG Results o 1D LayerO Sa E The crack display can be selected here It 1s recommended to filter out the smallest cracks lt 0 1 mm Cracks can be displaved cae wwo on the element level or integration point level The recommended method for solid elements 1s the element level for plate shell TED elements 1t 1s the integration point level Mut 1 06 00 Scalars Vectors Tens rs Figure 88 Filtered crack display along with the contour areas of maximal principal strains 71 1D LayerU el 3L Layer Evolution 10 In order to visualize reinforcement 1D Layero 3D layer 1s to be deactivated m 3L Layeru Cracks Scalars The distribution of scalar quantities can be displayed using different colors Scalars Vectors Tensors Cracks Evolution 1D Evolution 1D in nodes x Stress T Sigma Hx T E Automatic scale olsnone gt J Figure 89 The display of reinforcement bar stresses activated by clicking an appropriate labels and check boxes in the toolbar along the left side of the program window gt Tr M
77. ments Edit in the Input data tree Then the macro element 2 should be selected This brings up the window for macro element editing that is shown in Figure 69 In this window the new joint can be added by manually defining its coordinates 0 165 0 095 0 35 The new joint is added to the geometry of the macro element 2 The program automatically recognizes that the joint lies on one of its lines During the mesh generation a finite element model will be created in such a manner that a finite element node will be created at the same location Any loading or boundary conditions attached to the new geometrical joint will automatically propagate to the associated finite element node The OK button should be selected to accept the changes to the macro element 2 The operation erased the finite element mesh n the macro element 2 It 1s necessary to generate it again see the Section 3 5 52 ud a Topology Properties Ry Ba oA Fa Es 2 xef tx T Y earning Qve th AB The button Add allows the manual Input data tree Selen m g z specification of the coordinates for the new A Joint ha i x joint in the middle top of the loading steel Individual Add Acquire plate Edit Sieve DNA Remove AA AN 8 Selected De ee A x 7 ee 5 Remove ie ep coordinate Kar Line ee 0 1650 Y 0 0950 2 0 35 m pz ANN ae o r Surfaces 1 i VO o EA ee A ne View sh a Cd a Number 11 a Add
78. nforcement v Global macroelements outlin z i f Global macroelements filled f i l A J i Body Number Origin End Add hit au Edit Remove Number 0 1 Table segments E Add Quit Figure 56 Before exiting the bar definition window it is important to add the created bar into the global model After the return into the main program window it is recommended to deactivate the display of surfaces and the FE mesh in order to see the reinforcement in the interior see Figure 57 The next step is to select the reinforcement bar for copying This process is described step by step in Figure 58 If the three steps that are described in this figure are performed the appearance of the bottom window changes and it can be used now to define the parameters necessary for the copy operation This process as well as the copy parameters to be used are shown in Figure 59 44 Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help mrn amp Postprocesor Dee RR AliQQQ AGHA Ha Ze stk ho 7 Z Sm Actual Load case LC 2 Prescribed defor v Activity all active Input data tree The new reinforcement bar 1s here O activity A O Construction cas Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement b External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs H
79. ngs t t ior Generation Simple objects O Extrusion O Arcs amp circles View o v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces Local coord s of joints u The type and other parameters can be defined in the window New object The object is created by clicking the button Generate Local coord s of lines Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme New object Entity type column beam coordinate system global reference point placement 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 reference point is in the brick s corner size Yx 1 2750 Vy 0 1900 Yz 0 3200 Information Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 I Calculate Macroelement type standard Number 1 Sad Bat Figure 23 Program display after the generation of the parameterized beam element 17 3 3 2 Material definition The next step 1s to specify an appropriate material for the generated beam The property window appears if the Properties tab is selected The resulting window is shown in Figure 24 In this window an appropriate material type can be assigned to the macro element New macroelements Topology Properties Select this tab to switch to the definition of en macroelement properties such as material or Materia smeared reinforcement Add Figure 24 The mater
80. nition of the first macro element 19 3 4 Steel plates The next steps will be to define macro elements for modeling the loading and supporting steel plates In nonlinear analysis 1t 1s often necessary to avoid any unrealistic stress concentration as this may cause premature failure or cracking in these locations If the support conditions or loads are applied at single nodes th s may create strong stress concentrations affecting the analysis results It should be considered that in most cases such a stress concentration very seldom exists n reality as the supports or loads are usually applied over a certain area and never at single points This 1s also the case in our example which corresponds to an experimental setup where loading and supports were realized using small steel plates A different modeling approach will be used to define the support plates to demonstrate the other modeling methods in ATENA 3D First a plate cross section will be created which will be later extruded to create a three dimensional model To start the definition of new macro elements again select the button Topology Macroelements Add n the Input data tree on left side of the program window This action opens the macro element definition window see Figure 26 im which the previously defined macro elements are shown n a very schematic way New macroelements Ry Ba iE de JL A offset 0 0000 Z ZB QQ HB 5EAA Le I TH EE BG oO Input dat
81. numerical definition is activated by selecting the Add button on the right from the Table of joints along the bottom part of the screen This opens a dialog that 1s shown 1n Figure 51 into which the coordinates of the two joints should be specified The first joint should have the coordinates 0 0 0 05 0 05 and the second one 1 225 0 05 0 05 New points Coordinate 00500 m 00500 m i Quit Quit Figure 51 The coordinates of the first and second joint The Add button should be selected after the definition of each joint Parameter input Number 1 Number 2 0 000 1 225 0 050 0 050 0 050 0 050 New reinforcement bars Topology Properties Ze L eke rae O Input data tree l Segments O Polyline O Arcs amp circles v Reinforcement joints Y v Global reinforcement v Global macroelements out Global macroelements filled lin Table joints Number 0 2 0 9650 0 0000 0 1900 Add Figure 52 The program view after the definition of the two reinforcement joints 41 After the two joints are defined 1t 1s possible to proceed and connect these points using the item Entities Segments Add in the Input data tree on the left Then the first point and the second bar point should be selected as shown Figure 53 After the definition of the bar geometry the next step 1s define the other bar properties such as material and cross
82. on properties of this problem as 1s shown in Figure 74 N Solution parameters name _ Number add m 1 Standard Newton Raphson a p Edit x 2 Standard Arc Length uj Ei 3 MY N R parameters Remove S 2 Number 0 3 m Figure 74 The table with the newly created solution parameters 34 Now it 1s possible to prescribe the loading history for the given problem The objective 1s to keep increasing the load up to failure Very often before an analysis is started it 1s difficult to estimate the required loading level that would lead to failure The max mal load level however can be often estimated either by simple hand calculation or by performing an initial analysis with a very small load level Then from the resulting stresses it is possible to estimate how much the load must be increased to fail the structure In this example 1t s known from the experimental results that the beam should fail at the deflection of about 0 003 m In load case 2 we have defined a prescribed displacement of 0 0001 m This means that approximately 30 load steps would be needed to reach the failure Base on this assumption 40 load steps will be specified in this demonstration example The loading history 1s prescribed by selecting the item Run Analysis steps in the Input data tree This changes the content of the bottom part of the program window see Figure 75 It shows the table of the prescribed loading history
83. oundary lines forming the surface since the program immediately recognizes that in this special case only one solution is possible to create a closed surface and automatically includes the other lines nto the surface definition New macroelements Topology Properties Ra od DL offset 0 0000 A Z Joints Line J Surfaces RR Individual add 8 Acquire Edit f Remove 82 Selected f Remove Openings O Simple objects O Extrusion O Arcs amp circles v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme Table surfaces 0 1937 0 0000 0 3527 Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 7 Zenith 0 00 Macroelement type standard hu Number 2l Figure 33 Surface definition 25 Global surfaces 1 Boundary lines Local CS Local coord s of joints gt Local coord s of lines Angle Add Bes Se Number 0 0 EA Calculate Information Ze Select lines by clicking to define a surface A new surface is created w Outer boundaries 1 _ Badd Ba New macroelements Topology Properties By le LK Offset 0 0000 7 Joints Line J Surfaces RR Individual Add 8 Acquire Edit Remove E Selostes Table for the manual surface Remove Zhe Openings 05 de
84. own in the run time window Atena 3D Atena D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Settings Help pre processor 81 Postprocesor State Perfo su I All analysis steps have been completed analysis analysis To view analysis results switch to postprocessor Em Analysed and saved a _ o z Analysed and saved F 007 analysed and saved 5 A asko E T hr A Save all data after completing each step 2 Results saving 2 lt lt I oo z HFEF QQQ DER Le Z I EET EE 7 Sia 9 15E 02 Activity g 8 80E 02 all active 8 25E 02 Structure 7 70E 02 5 000E 01 H 15602 1D 2D 3D Results 6 60E 02 1D 2D 3D 6 05E 02 Cracks la SS lt 1 000E 04 Z TEE Mutt 1 000 00 H 4 40E 02 Scalars 3 85E 02 no graphics gt 3 30E 02 2 75E 02 E Automatic scale 2 20E 02 1 65E 02 1 10E 02 7 25E 03 EP ES Oe EEE DEE 1 03E 04 1 50E 03 3 00E 03 4 20E 03 m i 5 Displacements m z 5 L Load j Number Name Magnitude Unit j Message Output Error Parameters Progress ee LES 17 1 0 002 0 014 0 012 2 9e 005 NR A C2__ Conv crit 2 7 931E 03 18 1 0 0018 0 013 0 01 2 3e 005 NR C3 Conv crit 3 5 433E 03 19 1 0 0016 0 012 0 01 1 9e 005 NR c4 Conv crit 4 8 842E 06 20 1 0 0014 0 013 0 016 1 9e 005 NR oi eaa ja 22 1 0 0013 0 0161 0 0231 2 1e 005 NR 2 l l le NR u2 Load 4 88
85. pology z Reinforcement Selected Copy Surfaces a v Contacts ZF SEJ Description Number isos somons att Reinforcement External cables Bar reinf 1 1 Edit v Springs Loading Refinement FE mesh vi Monitoring points v Remove Number 1 1 Reinforcement bars Figure 58 The selection of the reinforcement bar 1 for copying 45 Immediately after a meaningful set of copy parameters 1s defined a preview of the copied bar appears n the main graphical window This preview 1s denoted by dashed line see Figure 59 The new bar 1s created by pressing the Copy button on the right side of the program window Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help mrn amp Postprocesor Do fl amp amp Be EB z aedQ DBEBU lep Ze TT ET Z TZ Bm F Actual Load case LC 2 Prescribed defor gt Activity call active Input data tree El A O Analysis informa O Materials O activity O Construction cas Macroelements Contacts J Reinforcement b R Individual oS Add Edit Remove 02 Selected f Remove Gal Copy fal Move External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs O Load cases Joints rn 4 Lines y o Surfaces DA v lt
86. rrently empty since no activities have been defined so far New activities can be selected only in the pre processor List box for activity selection I Manager for activity list modifications Figure 99 Activity toolbar Activity It is possible to return to the pre processing part of the program by selecting the button Preprocessor in the top right corner of the post processing window This operation does not delete any of the calculated results The results can be however deleted automatically by the program if certain editing operations are performed 1n the post processor However the user is always notified and warned if certain operation can result in the loss of calculated results At any time it 1s possible to return to the post processor and continue with the post processing of the analysis results Once the pre processor is selected and ATENA changes to the pre processing mode a new activity can be defined by selecting the Activity item in the Input data tree on the left see Figure 100 21 Atena 3D Pre processor D Us J ork Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 m EX D gH BB Es o a2 LAB EJ i EJ A Actual Load case LC 2 Prescribed defor v Activi all active Input data tree Activity name Title 21 Macro elements n 1 oO TL O Analysis information Contacts O Materials Oni Activity Onz2 fa
87. s such as coordinates or beam sizes must be completed by clicking the check box Hl or by pressing the Enter key on your keyboard Otherwise the numerical value 1s not accepted I S The type and other parameters can be defined in the window New objectt The object is created by clicking the button Generate New object Entity type column beam coordinate system global reference point placement 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 reference point is in the brick s corner size Vx 1 2750 Vy 0 1900 Yz 4 0 32 v x Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 7 Zenith 0 00 gt Figure 21 The parameters for the entity generation can be modified by clicking the highlighted items The numerical input is finalized by clicking the Zi checkbox button Information Parameter input Entity type column beam Coordinate system global Reference point 0 0 0 Size Vx 1 275 V 0 190 Vz 0 320 16 Immediately after all parameters for the beam are specified the preview of the beam geometry 1s visible n the main window In some cases 1t 1s necessary to zoom in to see clearly the beam geometry This can be accomplished by selecting the Zoom extend button New macroelements Topology Properties By Ea A 1 Eaa Blige t Z offset 0 0000 A Z EIQ Le Li se TH HB V Input data tree FPLITIE Joints Line Surfaces Openings Leneration Simple objects
88. sectional area This information 1s accessible from the Properties tab as described in Figure 54 The Properties window is shown in Figure 55 New reinforcement bars Topology Properties zi A Al loffset 0 000 ZA Ze LEI BB EHE 9 Input data tree A Joints J Segments Individual Add Edit Remove 8 8 Selected Remove B O Polyline O Arcs amp circles v Reinforcement joints v Reinforcement lines v Global reinforcement v Global macroelements outlin Global macroelements filled Sala tow Origin End Add Table segments Number 0 0 0 1657 0 0000 0 0505 Badd Bat Figure 53 The creation of the first reinforcement bar by selection of the first and second bar joint 42 New reinforcement bars Topology Properties tye te Lo offset 0 0000 2 Sle Le el ee Input data tree Joints _ 1 When the geometry of the first bar is defined Re gt Z gt the Properties tab should be selected to specify the remaining properties 8 3 Selected Remove E O Polyline O Arcs amp circles v Reinforcement joints v Reinforcement lines v Global reinforcement v Global macroelements outlin Global macroelements filled sod _ Number Origin End a Add al au Edit Remove Table segments Number 0 1 Number 1 Add Quit Figure 54 The
89. ses Number of added load steps Load cases Construction Parameters Coefficient case al 1 Construction case 1 My N R parameters f F Insert 1 Construction case 1 My N R parameters j 1 Construction case 1 Edit 1 Construction case 1 1 Construction case 1 My N R parameters A Remove Figure 76 The Analysis steps table after the definition of 40 load steps with the above parameters It is possible to add more load steps later during the analysis Analysis steps For each analysis step it 1s necessary to select the load cases which should be applied solution parameters and a multiplier that 1s used to scale all forces or prescribed displacements for the given step Load case numbers should be separated by comas or dashes A dash means that all load cases between the given numbers are to be applied in this step It is always possible to add insert or remove steps from this table However once a step 1s inserted before a step that had been already analyzed the results for analysis steps after the inserted step will be lost If an analysis shows that a required load level or failure had not been reached it 1s possible to add more load steps and continue with the analysis up to failure 59 3 9 Monitoring points During non linear analysis it is useful to monitor forces displacements or stresses in the model The monitored data can provide important information about the st
90. shed with brick elements For the steel plates the tetrahedral elements will have to be used Even though the linear tetrahedral elements are generally not recommended for stress analysis they can be used in this case for modeling the steel plates since an accurate modeling of stresses and deformations 1n these areas is not as important as the modeling of the concrete beam itself The meshing parameters for the beam macro element are modified by selecting the item FE Mesh Macroelements Add in the Input data tree This again changes the bottom table window and opens the dialog that is shown in Figure 47 for defining a prototype of macro element mesh properties Here the brick mesh type should be selected After clicking OK button this prototype can be assigned to the macro element 1 representing the concrete beam see Figure 48 Mesh parameters prototype macroelements Mesh refinement Refinement typ relative size Magnitude 1 000 Mesh type Brick Y Tetra Brick Brick and tetra Figure 47 The prototype of macro element mesh parameters Notes on meshing The finite element mesh quality has a very important influence on the quality of the analysis results the speed and memory requirements Refining only the important parts can save a lot of processor time and disk space A bad mesh like a single layer of volume elements in a region where bending plays a significant role can produce very wrong results s
91. shes can be created In the case of mixed meshes the program attempts to create a uniform brick mesh in the interior or the model The remaining regions close to the boundary are then meshed with pyramid and tetrahedral elements This method works satisfactory only if the selected mesh size is sufficiently small If the specified elements are too big the program fails to create the uniform brick mesh in the interior of the macro element and only tetrahedral elements are created The mesh generation parameters can be specified by accessing the FE Mesh Generation item in the Input data tree When this button is selected the window along the bottom part of the program window changes its content as shown 1n Figure 46 It shows the main mesh generation parameters In the top part of this window there is a global default mesh size that can be modified by clicking the Edit button next to it For this case the value of 0 05 m should be used see Figure 46 Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v4 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help Run Postprocesor OU ba A aa a EE OB HRS Ze LH BB T a am Actual 5 Load case none Activity all active Input data tree O Activity a O Construction casi Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement b External cables Joint springs Line springs won Parameter input a Global element size 0 05m
92. t the appropriate locations These contacts can be later modified to simulate perfect connection gaps or other interface types 3 1 1 Introduction of the graphical user interface Before starting the definition of the geometrical model 1t 1s a good idea to introduce the graphical user interface of ATENA 3D pre processor The pre processing window 1s shown in the subseguent Figure 2 Main Menu Atena 3D Pre processor no name ER File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help ud Run Postproceso Dee RRE ze QQQ BEHR A I de Livi hu et Actual Selection of active load Miscellaneous Switch to case Toolbars solution post processing Activity kal active Input data tree O Materials O Activity Of Construction cases Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint sings Line sprigs Surface spkings Selection of active part of structure HO HEHE Main view window containing the created geometrical and FE model Load cases HO Input data tree for data definition Joints Line Surfaces Macroelements Contacts O Generation Tables for data input and modification Table for the active item 1n the data access tree 1s shown O Solution parameters O Analysis steps O Monitoring points Selection of visible entities items Joints I Construction case name y
93. the structure by placing the cursor inside the main graphical window holding down the left mouse button and moving the cursor This action will start to rotate the structure inside the graphical window Other important button is the move button If this button is selected and the cursor is inside the main graphical window and the left mouse button is pressed the structure follows the mouse movements The button activates the zoom The zoom area is selected by pressing the left mouse button once selecting the desired area and the zooming operation is performed by again pressing the left mouse button Any zoom operation can be cancelled by selecting the zoom extent button EJ which changes the view such that the whole structure fits into the main window The first step in post processing is to select the analysis step 1 e load step from which the results are requested The program loads the data for the requested load step into the computer memory and fills in appropriately the lists of available output quantities The type of analysis and used material models determine the available output data The process of selecting a display showing the deformed shape with contour areas of maximal principal strain 1s depicted in Figure 87 In the case of reinforced concrete structures it 1s often important to display result quantities along the reinforcement bars Reinforcement data can be visualized by deselecting 3D results as it is described in F
94. tomatic scale Figure 101 Display of minimal principal stresses on the activity Concrete beam 78 After the activity definition 1t 1s possible to return to the post processor by selecting the button Pre processor The Figure 101 shows the program display if the previously defined activity Concrete beam is selected as well as the display of minimal principal stresses It can be clearly seen that the new display s much more representative and gives a better understanding about stress distribution in the structure The active post processing window can be printed from the menu item File Print graphic or copied to the clipboard from Edit Copy The copied picture can be for instance pasted to a Microsoft Word document It is possible to modify some parameters controlling the display on the screen or on paper with the help of the dialog Options Display and Options Settings 5 3 Load displacement diagrams The important information about the structural behavior can be obtained from the data collected during the analysis at the monitoring points In this case the force at the point of load application and the maximal vertical displacement were monitored The load displacement diagram can be displayed as another post processing window from the menu item Graphs By default convergence characteristics are displayed in the graph window Graphs fF ol Z EY Print X Close SEN 5 IN 8 10E 02 7 656
95. type Usage of the material Add Materials Number 0 0 Figure 7 The Materials table from which new materials can be added or existing materials can be modified or removed Clicking the Add button on the material table window creates a new material For the current problem 1t 1s necessary to define three material types one elastic material for the steel plates at support and loading points concrete material for the beam and reinforcement material There exist three methods for creating new materials see Figure 8 A new material can be defined directly using var ous ATENA material models or a previously saved material definition can be used The th rd method 1s to use a material definition from the available catalogue of materials The catalogue contains var ous material definitions based on the var ous national or international standards For the purpose of this tutorial let s use the direct definition 3 2 1 Steel plates Material definition m EJ Material definition method Load from a File m Next Cancel Figure 8 After selecting the Add button it is possible to specify how the new material will be created Material type Properties Material set a Basic Materials Material Er Elastic Isotropic AD Elastic Isotropic 1D Elastic Isotropic 30 Nonlinear Cementitious 2 30 Variable Nonlinear Cementitious 2 30 Nonlinear Cementitious 2 User Microplane M4 30 Drucker Pr
96. ure 69 In this window the line is removed by selection the item Entities Line Remove in the input data tree and then by selected line Neighboring surfaces will be removed automatically with the removed line 53 At this point it is possible to proceed with the definition of the prescribed deformation in the load case 2 This process is schematically depicted in Figure 70 z EX A QQQ HAHA 4 Co Zu LH kb H EE Sm Actual Load case EEE 1 The load case 2 4 Select the joint should be selected for load application O Materials F here O activity El O Construction cas Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement b External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs Support in Xq O Load cases Joints Prescribed deformation Support in Yg free Support in Za fixed 1 000E 04 m Coordinate system Global N v OK Cancel 3 Specify condition attributes support 1n z Fr 2 Select the tem 5 pp In Z re Loading Joints Add w 0 0001 and click a OK button Joints A t Macroel Support and prescribed def in direction Coordinate system v Je Number joint Y m Z m support Badd Contacts 2 11 fixed 1 000E 04 v Reinforcement v External cables Edit Remove Prescribed defor _ v g Refinement v Number 0 1 Figure 70 The definition of the pres
97. usion parameters can be specified see Figure 35 119 Extrusion parameters Surfacenumber 1 direction global Y axis size 0 1900 m b Generate Select the surface or opening For extrusion Other parameters can be specified in the window Extrusion parameters The extrusion is created using the button Generate original surface keep Information Figure 35 Extrusion parameters Parameter input Surface number Direction global Y axis Size 0 190 m Each extrusion parameter can be modified by clicking the highlighted fields The modifications are saved by hitting the Enter key or by clicking the button ZL Immediately after a meaningful set of extrusion parameters is specified a preview of the generated region can be seen in the main window If needed the rotation button amp can be used to rotate the structure slightly to get a better view of the new entity New macroelements Topology Properties Ra o LL TL offset 0 0000 1 Z Forte BQ ee LHRH E DD 9 Input data tree a 7 f Joints Line Surfaces Openings O Simple objects 6 Extrusion O arcs amp circles v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces Local coord s of joints Local coord s of lines Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroelemt Extrusion parameters Surf
98. ut data tree P O analysis information O Materials O activity ee 3 Define parameters for this monitor according Contacts Reinforcement bars to this dialog see Figure 78 External cables Joint springs E Li i 1 4 Press Add and a new monitoring point will i P O Load cases E O losd appear Lines Surfaces El O Solution parametets O Analysis steps Add monitoring Kin Monir sention 2 Press Add button Title ae te NOSE to define a monitor 2 Value Displacernents Item Component 3 View S Joints z Monitor location TET v zd Topological data Macroelements Macroelement zt urfaces Contacts Closest to the point x 00000 v 00950 z 0 0000 m Macroelement 1 point 0 0000 0 0950 0 0000 m ey v Reinforcement A External cables m S X Springs 5 Number 2 E Add End Remove v Loading Refinement Number 0 1 Figure 77 The definition of the first monitoring point 60 Monitor s name for easy identification Monitor type In th s case a nodal displacement will be monitored that s closest to the coordinates that are provided below Add monitoring Monitor definition ff Here it is possible to select a data type Title Deflection Z available for the given monitoring type Type Value at node Value Displacements E Iter Component 3 a ESET Here the tem that 1s to be monitored O Macroclements ml le
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100. x exists where it is possible to select how the graph is assembled It is possible to display all iterative changes 1 e see how the monitoring values change during iterations or to specify a display based on values at the end of each increment The effect of this parameter can be easily seen by close examination of Figure 83 and Figure 86 When the OK or Apply button is selected the content of the graph window changes as is shown in Figure 83 It is useful to save these graphs settings by clicking the button above the graph window and name it LD This enables the saving of the current graph settings under a user defined name The saved graph settings are accessible from the list box above the graph window and they become available every time the same input file 1s opened Atena 3D Atena D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Settings Help Stats Perform I Step 19 Assembling Stiffness Matrix analysis analysis RE Analysed and saved Jo se HARALA o Bia Analysed and saved m Interrupt 1 Pause a 007 Janalysed and saved 5 2 TP E g Save all data after completing each step Fo Ep S Results saving v ZI A GI EJ GE F Z 8 04E 02 Activity 6 948E 01 4 all active F b b 6 000E 01 T a z In this toolbar it is possible to wi ne e e 2 000E 01 700602 modify the run time display 0 0006 00 6 50E 02
101. y nonlinear v Refinement 4 v FE mesh Monitoring points Figure 3 Definition of global analysis attributes In this tutorial problem the Input for global structural parameters as well as solution parameters 1s shown 1n Figure 4 and Figure 5 Global structural parameters Information about the structure Description Reinforced beam 30 Moke Beam without shear reinforcement Unit system System Metric Decimal digits 4 Cancel Figure 4 Input of global structural parameters Global solution parameters Parameters Solver type standard W Geometrically nonlinear analysis i Cancel Figure 5 Input of global solution parameters 3 13 Saving of data At this point it 1s also recommended to save the new data under a new file into the working directory Use the menu item File Save as to locate an appropriate directory and save the new data for instance under the name Shear beam 3D Save in Tutorial problem 3D E Shear beam 3D cc3 D My Network File name Shear beam 3D cc3 Places Save as type Atena3D files ce3 Figure 6 Saving data usingthe File Save as menuitem 3 2 Material parameters Next step should be the definition of material groups and material properties Selecting the item Materials from the Input data tree opens the General data Materials table in the bottom right part of the program screen I Material name Material

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