HaSmall Systems Engineering-2-4 Canfield Place
Contents
1. ocecc ccoo 26 B Input output DOPE kiko Aa E E A mOLUE E E a EM Ed n wm 27 C SEND and READ program SOU CC ce 6 6 60 0 s 6 Wee seen 9 29 D Some RAM locations within the BOFTtBOX eecam anu wow of E Corvus hard disk inter aro mim nina a a a t e a RR DC ow we 33 DG SmallSystems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 328 7145 Small Systems SoftBox mo User s Manual 1 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this manual is to provide an introduction to CP M as well as a comprehensive guide for using the SoftBox on your PET For a detailed description of CP M the reader is referred to the CP M version 2 2 User s Manual supplied by Digital Research CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Inc adi Copyright Notice Copyright exists on all SoftBox hardware software and documentation Any duplication thereof in whole or in part is strictly forbidden 1 2 CP M License Agreement The CP M operating system is sold under licence from Digital Research Inc on condition that each user completes and returns a software license agreement Please read carefully the enclosed CP M license agreement form before using your CP M diskette 1 3 What is CP M CP M is a disk operating system DOS a program which manages your program and data files on floppy or hard disks and pro vides a standard environment for developing and running appli cations programs CP M has been developed by Digital Res2. Using a standard IEEE to IEEE connector cable plug one end into the IEEE socket at the back of the SoftBox The other end may be piggy backed onto some convenient socket on the PET IEEE bus for example at the back of the floppy disk unit beading CP M from cold Power up the SoftBox PET and disk drives The lights on the drive will flicker on briefly as usual and should then go out 3040 or 4040 drives or else a green light in the centre of the drive will stay on 8050 drives Once this has happened you can proceed to load CP M as follows The PET should be displaying the usual sign on message depending on the PET model and BASIC version number for example Commodore BASIC 31743 bytes free Ready In fact the PET and disk drives will function normally until the CP M diskette is loaded This allows you to run all the standard PET software as though the SoftBox were not present To load CP M simply insert the CP M diskette in drive 0 the right hand drive This drive will become CP M drive A If you have an 8K PET with early ROMs then load CP M by running the CP M initialization cassette otherwise type LOAD 8 followed by a carriage return The drive motor will then start As always with older PET drives it is advisable to wait until the motor actually starts spinning to close the drive door to ensure that the diskette is correctly centralized The PET will reply with searching for loadi
3. 33 l IEEE bus routines 22 IEEE bus signals 28 IEEE device 5 IEEE device number 4 17 21 36 als Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW tel 328 7 45 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual Invisible files 13 L LPT device 5 13 IEEE address 17 21 LST device list 6 13 21 Lead in character 17 Loading CP M 6 Logical device 5 MEMTEST command memory test 19 NEWSYS command 14 20 33 P PIP Peripheral Interchange Program 14 19 PTP device 5 IEEE address 17 21 PTR device 5 IEEE address 17 21 PUN device punch 6 13 21 Parity 22 Patching CP M 33 Physical device 5 Printer ASCII 5 13 CONTROL P command 10 PET 5 3 device assignment 21 serial 5 13 R RDR device reader 6 13 21 READ program download a file 18 REN command rename file 11 ROM routines 22 RS232 interface 5 18 20 22 28 Read only R O errors 24 files 13 Reboot 8 Reconfiguring CP M 20 37 Si Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 328714 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual S SAVE command 11 SET command 16 21 STAT command 12 21 Stop bits 22 Storage of diskettes 8 System files 13 T TIME command 17 TTY device 5 13 TYPE command display a file 10 Terminal ADM3A 5 17 26 Hazeltine 1500 5 17 27 Lead in character 17 Televideo 912C 5 17 26 control codes 26 control table 33 Transient comma
4. 2 4 Canfield Place LondonN small Systems SoftBox User s Manual FOOF LIST Output a character from register c to the list device F012 PUNCH output a character from register C to the punch device F015 READER Read the next character from the reader xS device into the A register F018 HOME Seek to track 00 F0lB SELDSK Select drive FOLE SETTRK Set track number F021 SETSEC Set sector number F024 SETDMA Set DMA vais F027 READ Read CP M sector FO2A WRITE Write CP M sector F02D LISTST List device status always returns A 0 F030 SECTRAN Perform sector translation F033 LISTEN Send a listen command to device D we a wey ci Secondary address E For no secondary address make E negative F036 UNLISTEN Send an unlisten command to bus F039 TALK Send a talk command to device D secondary address E For no secondary address make E negative F03C UNTALK Send an untalk command to bus FO3F RDIEEE Input data from bus into accumulator F042 WRIEEE Output data from accumulator to bus The carry flag is set if no UBI areca device is present on the bus F045 WREOI Output a character to bus with EOI low F063 CLEAR Clears the console screen F066 EXECUTE Causes the PET CPU to execute a routine at PET memory address HL The routine may return by using the RTS instruction F069 POKE Copies BC bytes from SoftBox address HL to the PET memory address DE 23 BE Sm
5. C reboot 8 16 CONTROL P printer on off 10 CONTROL S freeze console display 10 CONTROL U cancel line 9 CONTROL X delete line 9 CRT device 5 13 CURSOR LEFT key 9 Cassette loader 4 6 Centralization problems diskettes 6 Changing diskettes 16 Changing the current drive 15 Character length RS232 22 Clock 17 24 50 60 Hz PET 22 Cold start 6 Cold start PET BASIC 17 Control key 8 Copy a diskette 18 Copying CP M system NEWSYS 14 Copying files 14 Corvus disk drive 28 33 Current disk drive 15 D DDT Dynamic Debugging Tool 20 DELETE key 9 DIR directory listings 7 10 screen columns 17 m llSysterns Engineering 2 4 Canfield Pk User s Manual jace LondonNw6 tel328 7145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual DOS compatibility 18 25 File transfer to from PET DOS 19 DUMP command display file in hex 20 Delete a file 11 Device number disk 4 Device logical 5 13 221 physical 5 13 17 221 Disk drive hard 33 Disk drives assignment 21 capacity 5 characteristics 5 12 device number 4 21 free space left 12 multiple 4 Diskettes backing up 7 centralization problems 6 changing 16 formatting 13 storage 8 write protection 7 Downloading files 18 amp ED command CP M text editor 20 ERA command erase file Ill ESCAPE key 5 F FORMAT command 13 File names 9 11 File sizes 12 File types 9 H Hard disk
6. DISK MUST BE FORMATTED USING THE SOFTBOX FORMAT PROGRAM BEFORE ANY CP M FILES ARE COPIED ONTO IT s BEFORE IT IS USED BY A CP M APPLICATION When formatting is complete the FORMAT program will then again ask you for a drive name so that you can format another disk if you wish To leave the FORMAT program press RETURN Having formatted your backup diskette you should next copy a CP M system onto it To do this type newsys NEWSYS will ask Source drive A to P Type A followed by a carriage return NEWSYS will read the CP M system off drive A When this is done NEWSYS ais display a menu of commands Use the SAVE command e Followed by a carriage return NEWSYS will next ask Save on which drive A to P Press B return to tell NEWSYS to save the system onto drive B When this is done use the Q command to exit from NEWSYS Finally you need to copy all the files from your software package diskette This is done using PIP which stands for Peripheral Interchange Program With your CP M system diskette still in drive A type pip followed by a carriage return PIP will respond with a prompt JA Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 328 7145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual Next remove your CP M diskette from drive A and insert the diskette containing the software package it is as well to ensure that this is write protected now type b o this PIP command
7. M to ignore your ERA command Take care when using to match single characters at the end of a file name due to the way in which CP M stores filenames in the directory era te will erase TEST but will also erase TEN and TEA This is because the second question mark has matched one of the spaces CP M uses to pad file names If in doubt you could first type dir te to find out which files would be deleted 11 I6 Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual 3 6 User numbers There is just one more intrinsic CP M command the user command To see it in action type user 1l now type dir Don t panic The directory has not gone you have just switched user numbers Each user numbered 0 to 15 can own separate files in the directory This can be useful for keeping different groups of files for different jobs on the same disk At the moment user l has no files To revert to normal operation type user 0 3 7 Transient commands DIR TYPE SAVE REN ERA and USER are the six built in CP M commands which are automatically available whenever CP M is running All other CP M commands are in fact programs held in disk files of file type COM which are loaded into memory when the command is typed CP M does not distinguish between these and other applications programs This means that you c n rename modify or delete them as well as inventing
8. by your own driver routine if necessary wg wg g send mov e a 3 send a char user patch mvi Ba 3 jmp bdos send to list device end READ SoftBox file transfer program There is no need to key in this program as it will already be on your PET CP M master disk e me 9 wa Se org 100h bdos equ 5 lxi h 5ch t12 mvi eS Zl clrfcb mvi m 0 clear the file control block inx h dcr c jnz clrfcb T lxi d 5dh check for file name ldax d cpi 20h rz none return mvi c ll chkwld ldax d gt check no wild cards inx a cpi R rz dcr c jnz chkwld lxi d 5ch none ok to delete file mvi c 19 call bdos lxi d 5ch mvi GC 2 create new file call bdos E inr a check for directory error jz error lxi d ready e Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW tel 328 7145 Small Systems SoftBox sync nxtblk nxtbyt error chkerr eof exit ready errmsg chkser mvi call call cpi jnz call cpi jz cpi dz cpi jnz lxi mvi push push call pop pop InOV add mov inr jnz push call pop add jnz mvi mvi call lxi mvi call ora jz lxi mvi call jmp lxi mvi call lxi mvi call mvi out jmp db db db c 9 nl bdos read 7fh Sync read 7fh nxtblk Z eof chkerr h b rdhex h m a b b a hb OS nxtbyt b rdhex b b chkerr e py Gui
9. copied your software package you are now ready to try it out Note that although CP M commands may be typed in either upper or lower case certain software packages such as CIS COBOL require you to type in upper case only To avoid excessive use of the shift key you may use the command set upper to force upper case keyboard input You can also make CP M default to upper case mode on power up See chapter 6 on the NEWSYS command Remove the disk from rive A and insert the new disk you have made instead Type a CONTROL C to log in the new disk Your A disk has a copy of software package and a CP M system which enables you use it for cold and warm starts ALWAYS PERFORM A CP M WARM START CONTROL C WHENEVER YOU PHYSICALLY CHANGE A DISK THIS IS NECESSARY TO ENSURE THAT THE NEW DISK IS CORRECTLY LOGGED IN SINCE CP M HOLDS ALLOCATION INFORMATION ABOUT THE DISK IN RAM FAILURE TO DO SO WILL RESULT IN A READ ONLY ERROR WHEN YOU TRY TO WRITE TO THE NEW DISK WITH 3040 OR 4040 DISK DRIVES WHENEVER YOU CHANGE A DISK IT IS ADVISABLE TO WAIT UNTIL THE DRIVE MOTOR ACTUALLY STARTS SPINNING ON THAT DRIVE BEFORE CLOSING THE DRIVE DOOR THIS WILL ELIMINATE ANY PROBLEMS WITH DISK CENTRALIZATION 5 More SoftBox utilities The following utility programs are supplied on your CP M master disk 5 1 SET Set the PET display mode There are a number of uses for this command 4 set upper or set u set lower or set 1 sets the terminal t
10. directory listing This facility is turned off by typing another CONTROL P or by a CP M warm start DK Small Systems Eng ineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 328 7145 Small Systems SoftBox ie User s Manual 3 5 Making CP M files One way to create a file under CP M for the purpose of experimenting with file names is to use the SAVE command save 3 test Saves three pages of memory one page being 256 bytes ina file called TEST The block of memory saved always starts at location 100 hex the starting location for CP M applications programs Do not worry about what information TEST contains There are ways to find out what is in the file you saved but it will be some random power up pattern left in the memory as we have not yet used this part of memory Type dir to check that the file TEST is now in the directory Once a file has been created you are allowed to rename it provided that the new name does not already exist in the directory For example ren freddie test If you type DIR now you will no longer see the file TEST It has become FREDDIE Finally to remove the file FREDDIE you can type the command era freddie Take care when using wildcard file specifications with ERA You may erase more files than you thought In fact the special case era causes CP M to ask for confirmation before deleting all the files on the disk ALL FILES Y N Typing any key other than Y will cause CP
11. is printed After the tenth pass the whole cycle is repeated until a hardware reset is performed If any errors occur the cumulative address range of the faulty locations and a data byte indicating the faulty bit positions with l s will be displayed for use by your dealer or service engineer Sil XFER transfer files between PET DOS and CP M This command can be used to transfer files between a standard PET format disk on one drive and a PET CP M disk on another drive The command is invoked by typing xfer filename Where FILENAME is either the name of the CP M file to be transferred to a PET DOS sequential file or the name of the CP M destination file to which a PET BASIC program or data file may be copied BASIC programs will be converted into ASCII format for use with Microsoft extended BASIC for example The XFER program will then ask which of the three types of copying op ration you require and prompt you for drive and file name of the PET DOS file ALWAYS USE THE XFER COMMAND WHEN TRANSFERRING DATA FROM PET DOS FORMAT TO PET CP M FORMAT This is necessary because data is stored differenly in the two formats Copying files directly using the PET DOS commands or the CP M PIP command will not work and you will destroy other data on the disk 19 DE Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual 5 11 SUBMIT and XSUB submit a batch of CP M commands See the CP M User s M
12. little or no modification Some changes et been made to the PET keyboard meaning The RVS key functions under CP M as a CONTROL key while on 40 column PETS the STOP key functions as an ESCAPE key T CP M directory listings may be two columns wide instead of four for use with 40 column PETs Disk drive characteristics under CP M 3040 and 4040 drives capacity per drive user 154 Kbytes ME block size 2 Kbytes directory entries 64 8050 drives capacity per drive user 498 Kbytes block size 2 Kbytes directory entries 64 Physical input output devices CRT is the PET keyboard and screen TTY is the optional serial interface for RS232 printer or terminal LPT is the PET printer if any IEEE address is user f defined E a ULl is a user defined IEEE list device using ASCII codes such as a daisywheel printer PTR is a user defined IEEE input device PTP is a user defined IEEE output device 7 BE Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual CP M logical input output devices CON console device can be CRT or TTY LST list device can be CRT TTY LPT or ULI RDR reader device can be PTR or TTY PUN punch device can be PTP or TTY 2 Running up CP M on your PET 2 1 Setting up the SoftBox Firstly you need to connect the SoftBox to the PET and disk drives and to the PET printer if required
13. loaded there is no need at this stage to reload it from cold To reset the drive you can do a warm start instead Place a copy of the CP M disk in drive A and type a CONTROL C This is done by holding down the RVS key while typing a C If you are using 3040 or 4040 drives wait till the drive motor starts before losing the drive door The RVS key on the PET keyboard becomes CONTROL key under CP M which is used in conjunction with any one of the letters A to Z to provide special keyboard functions known s CONTROL CHARACTERS The control C character is often written as C When typed at the beginning of a line of keyboard input it performs a CP M warm start also called a re boot It is often used as a means to exit from applications programs running under CP M returning the user to the CP M command mode DK Small Systems Engineering 2 4Ca nfield Place London NW6 tel 328 7145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual 3 1 CP M line editing When entering CP M commands you may erase the last character you typed by pressing the CUSROR LEFT key or alternatively the DELETE key You may erase the whole line by typing either CONTROL U or CONTROL X 3 2 Files and file names If for example you want to save a program on a floppy disk you do not normally need or want to know exactly which sectors are being written to on the disk For this reason programs and data are stored by CP M in named disk files A directory on each di
14. vector key pressed call CONIN control C yes abort else assert CLEAR TO SEND signal wait for character remove CLEAR TO SEND signal read the character into A D Some RAM locations within the SoftBox The following locations are given so that they may be manipulated by user programs if required NEWSYS program 0003 IEEE device numbers EA61 EA62 EA63 EA66 LPT PTR PTP UL1l The CP M IOBYTE devices correspond to the CON PUN logical devices Device Device Device Device number They are normally set up using the which determines which physical LST RDR and See the CP M Interface Guide number number number 32 ES Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel328 7145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual Terminal emulation EA68 lt VDU control code lead in character EA69 Cursor X Y addressing order 0 Y then X 1 X then Y EA6A Cursor row Y address offset EA6B Cursor column X address offset EA6C IEEE control inputs are saved here during RDIEEE In particular ANDing this value with l0 hex gives the status of EOI during the read EA80 to EABF Screen control code table This table consists of pairs of bytes the first byte being a control code of the terminal being emulated with bit 8 set if it is to be preceeded by a lead in character The second byte is the corresponding PET VDU code as given in the table in Appendi
15. xra sub push push mov call pop pop inr nz call Jmp db Send a hex sndhex push rar Lar rar 100h d 5ch c 15 bdos d errms Gc g bdos a 7 h send send d 5ch c 20 bdos a ra send a y send h 80h a m h psw a m sndhex psw h l nxtbyt sndhex nxtblk File not psw f W e 5 e 8 e g at e Se e s se Ss aop 9 Se ag Se Se Be WS f f BDOS call entry point address of file control block open the file any error print message no such file clear junk from receiver by sending two DELETE cH ractars address of file control block read next data block 128 bytes end of file yes send EOF and exit else send block marker clear checksum update checksum save buffer pointer save checksum get data byte from buffer send byte in hex get checksum back in A get buffer pointer back finished no yes send checksum back for next block found S byte to the RS232 port save value to send get high nibble DE Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place Lond n NW6 tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual rar call sndnib send high nibble _ pop psw send low nibble sndnib ani Ofh want lower 4 bits only adi 30h convert to ASCII hex cpi 3ah jc send adi 7 Send a byte from accumulator to the RS232 port This routine uses the CP M list device hut may be replaced
16. your own commands Type stat followed by a carriage return There will be a pause while the STAT program is loaded into memory STAT will print out the disk status read only or read write and the amount of free space left on the disk for example A R W Space 56K STAT can also be used with a file name for example stat This gives a rather more verbose listing than the DIR command with the file size in kilobytes in 128 byte records and the number of disk extents and also the file status read only or read write while the command stat dsk displays some disk drive characteristics 12 ZI Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 328 7145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual CP M has four logical input output devices the console CON the list device LST the reader device RDR and the punch PUN which may be assigned to different physical input output devices such as terminals or printers To find out the current logical device settings type stat dev STAT will reply with CON is CRT LST is LPT PUN is PTP RDR is PTR CRT is the PET keyboard and screen LPT is the PET printer if any UL1l is an ASCII printer device TTY is the optional RS232 serial interface PTP and PTR are user defined IEEE devices see chapter 6 To set the list device to be the serial port instead of the PET printer for example you would type stat lst ztty Other u
17. 5 REN bit 6 IFC bit 7 The IEEE input and output drivers on the SoftBox are inverting This means that a bit set on one of the 8255 ports corresponds to a low signal on the IEEE bus line IEEE connections Data bits 1 8 pins 1 2 3 4 13 14 15 16 ATN pin 11 DAV pin 6 NDAC pin 8 NRFD pin 7 EOI pin 5 SRQ pin l0 REN pin 17 IFC pin 9 Signal ground pins 18 to 24 Safety ground pin 12 RS232 connections Data in pin 2 Data out pin 3 RTS out pin 4 CTS out pin 5 BRK out pin 6 SYNDET in Synchronous Mode Signal ground pin 7 SYNC RX clock in pin 15 Link option in Sync Mode SYNC TX clock in pin 17 Link option in Sync Mode DTR in pin 20 For further information on the operation of these I O ports you are advised to consult the appropriate integrated circuit data sheets Intel 8251A and 8255 and Standard Microsystems COM8116 DE Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 328 714 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual C SEND and READ program source These programs are given in Intel 8080 format and may be assembled directly using the standard CP M assembler ASM SEND the program on the following pages should be keyed into the remote computer and assembled into a CP M command file SEND COM bdos nxtblk nxtbyt errmsg equ org lxi mvi call inr lxi mvi jz mvi call mvi call lxi mvi call ora mvi jnz mvi call lxi
18. 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 F2 H rp h3 ho lS 4 Running applications packages under CP M 13 Sa More SoftBox utilities EE o 5 5 9 E E 9 9 9 9 9 OG O9 G O9 P O D D O O O 9 P OP e O9 se e l6 Swi SET Set the PET display mode eexueem rmrumrREx 16 5 2 TIME examine or set the PET Clock non xo du Sed COLD aid Beale PET HABI em4 E NX been RAE xxm hd 5 4 BACKUP Make a duplicate copy of a disk wasn B 5 5 FORMAT Format a disk for use with CP M s s LB 5 6 STAT Display or alter status information 18 5 7 PIP Peripheral Interchange Program Tt 18 5 8 READ load CP M files using the RS232 port 18 5 9 MEMTEST perform a SoftBox memory test ue L9 5 10 XFER transfer files between PET DOS and CP M 19 5 11 SUBMIT and XSUB submit a batch of CP M commands 20 5 12 LOAD Make a command file from a hex file 20 5 13 DUMP Display the contents of a file in hex 20 5 14 ED The CP M text editor EX KEXRAKCMAE oenas AU 5 15 ASM and DDT Assembler and debugging tool 20 6 Re configuring CP M cc c ee eee ee 7 ROM routines callable from CP M eee eee eee eee 22 1 SIE Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual 8 Error IessSageS oocococo2222225222999222292 99222c2 coz e 24 Appendices A VDU Control COOGEE LL un i mmm c
19. ANNOT BE REPLACED J Small Systems Engine ring 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual To make a back up copy with the master disk still in drive A the right hand drive put a blank disk in drive B the left hand drive and type backup b a Followed as with all CP M commands by a carriage return The BACKUP program will ask Disk on drive B will be erased Press RETURN to continue Press the SPACE BAR to abort Press RETURN to confirm your intentions If you are using a 3040 or 4040 drive wait till the left hand drive starts spinning before closing the drive door The entire contents of disk A will be copied onto disk B destroying any previous information on disk B The copying operation takes several minutes during which both drive lights remain on When complete the drive lights will go out and the CP M command prompt A will be redisplayed 3 Introduction to CP M file handling Having loaded CP M and made back up copies of your system disk you are now Renee to explore the file handling capabilities of CP M IMPORTANT PUT YOUR CP M MASTER DISKETTE IN A SAFE PLACE IN GENERAL ALWAYS STORE A DISKETTE IN ITS PROTECIVE JACKET AWAY FROM HEAT DUST DAMPNESS OR STRONG MAGNETIC FIELDS NEVER TURN THE POWER ON OR OFF WHILE A DISKETTE IS STILL IN THE DRIVE ALWAYS KEEP BACKUP COPIES OF ANY DISKETTES WHICH CONTAIN VALUABLE SOFTWARE OR DATA As CP M is already
20. ESCAPE CTRL N CTRL CTRL VDU Control codes Meaning Null Enable graphics chars bit 8 ied Disable bit 8 see below Reserved for future use Set tab position Clear tab position Clear all tabs Ring the bell 80 column PETs Cursor left Tab Line feed Cursor up Cursor right Carriage return Reverse on Reverse off Cursor on Insert line Delete line Erase to end of lius Erase to end of screen Upper case only mode Lower and upper case Graphics mode Text mode Cursor off Clear screen Special screen functions see below Insert character Delete character Cursor home Televideo 912 control codes These codes are prefixed by the ESCAPE character 1B hex Codes marked also apply to the Lear Seigler ADM3A 2A 2B 31 32 33 BE Small SystemsEngineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6tel3287145 WN Clear the screen Clear the screen Set tab position Clear tab position Clear all tabs 26 User s Manual any character with bit 8 set will be This facility is turned off Small Systems SoftBox ac aa 3D 45 a 52 54 57 59 5A 6A 6B 74 9 K ct AL H X H3 0 IO pd BIN User s Manual Clear the screen Clear the screen Set cursor position must be followed by the row number and then the column number both with an offset of 20 hex Row and column numbers start at zero Insert line Insert character Delete line Erase to end of line Delet
21. ROR CODE An unexpected error has arisen on the disk drive Press the key for more error information WRONG DOS FORMAT Occurs under PET DOS version 2 if you try to write to or duplicate a DOS version 1 disk See the PET disk drive manual for the rules about DOS format compatibility MISSING HEADER MISSING DATA BLOCK LONG DATA BLOCK CHECKSUM ERROR IN HEADER CHECKSUM ERROR IN DATA BYTE DECODING ERROR OR WRITE VERIFY ERROR These errors may be caused by No diskette in drive Drive door not closed properly Badly centralized diskette Unformatted diskette Diskette with wrong DOS format Badly aligned drive Faulty diskette media Pressing CONTROL C will reboot Pressing any other key will skip the faulty sector IE Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox A When running under CP M in normal mode emulating a Televideo 912 terminal the following special codes are recognised by the PET screen Hex 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 08 09 0A 0B oc 0D OE OF 10 ll 12 L3 14 15 16 17 18 19 lA 1B 1c 1D lE After issuing a control A displayed as a graphics character by control B Keybd CTRL CTRL A CTRL B CTRL C CTRL D CTRL E CTRL F QF CTRL G CTRL H CTRL I CTRL J CTRL K CTRL L CTRL M CTRL N CTRL O CTRL P CTRL Q CTRL R CTRL S CTRL T CTRL U CTRL V CTRL W CTRL X CTRL Y CTRL Z
22. Soft Box USERS MANUAL ZI Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 3287145 BLANK Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual Revision 2 TABLE O F CONTENTS l INTRODUCTION M ol oe D o e Copyright fo gt ol i tnn 1 2 CP M License Agreement i awa waka EE Kad S E ld WHEE is CP M Pioseuenwwkueessxsxu TTTTTTTTTTTTT Lede The SOLTBOR so 54s v erus wwe eee eas Vee aa4d WSS S ews 1 5 Hardware requirementds cc 65 idad4 68455 6 602 e ERs SR HER 1 6 Some notes on the SoftBox for CP M users 2 Running tp CP M on vonr PET i osuvabssushdnRuPRetSs4 PEERS Z l Setting up the SoDLLBON uaawawwsr EGRO OVOKOUR ROCCO 2 2 LOoadl nd CP M from cGOld siaskakekz van REX X OHO s VAS 2 3 Making backup copies of CP M manetuaotum Em uar Ru 3 Introduction to CP M file handling eecccccc Bola CEM alee BO OG cin ROC MEN OUR a RU et SIRE Mem S Rog 2 Files and file namesS n uuvsemsmhhhhm R E seat ah TR 3 Selective directory listilhjBS vs xvuusnukas au wk a 3 Tho TXPE GONNGSEUU cows ed dees ea wes kee eR be ACE ROO e E Ss 6 Js i C Ov CO ON Ul 4 m C UO CO UJ m Lp eo Making CP M files 89 6 0 9 80 OG O 9 B 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 O 9 e 5 9 9 eee 5 User numbers e 99 85 06 9 89 06 02 9 9 808009 99 9 9 9 99 99 9 9999799 9979 9 929 b e Transient commands EE 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 5 9 9 9 9 b GG P 9 6 5b 9 9 5 9 9
23. all Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual FO6C PEEK Copies BC bytes from the PET memory address DE to the SoftBox memory address HL Set the PET clock H hours L minutes D seconds FO6F STIME F072 GTIME Read the PET clock H hours L minutes D seconds E jiffies Also A B and C contain the contents of a separate jiffy clock Each jiffy represents 1 60 second Write an IEEE command to the bus ATN is set low first If no device is present the carry flag is set to indicate an error F07B WRATN F07E RDIMM Read a byte from the IEEE bus but time ont after BC milliseconds and set the carry flag if no data is received F081 RESCLK Reset the jiffy clock but does not affect the hours minutes and seconds clock 8 Error messages BDOS error messages These messages are generated by the CP M Basic Disk Operating System They have the form BDOS err on drive d error message D is the name of the drive which was being accessed The error message is one of SELECT An attempt to access a drive that CP M doesn t know about not in the range A to P or not configured into the system Hit any key to re boot R O CP M has detected an unexpected change of diskette and so to prevent possible corruption of data the drive in question has been set to read only CP M stores certain disk information in RAM for efficiency so whenever you change a disk yo
24. anual 5 4 BACKUP Make a duplicate copy of a disk This command copies an entire disk The syntax is backup D S where D is the name of the destination drive and S is the name of the source drive Any existing data on drive D will be lost so be sure to get the drives the right way round Both the source and destination drives must be on the same drive unit and the source disk must have been created using the same version of COMMODORE DOS To copy files from one unit to another or to another DOS format use the PIP command 5 5 FORMAT Format a disk for use with CP M This command is described in the previous chapter 5 6 STAT Display or alter status information This usage of this command is partially described in BRABUSE 3 and fully described in the CP M User s Manual OT 5 7 PIP Peripheral Interchange Program This command allows you to transfer files from disk to disk concatenate several files or transfer data between disk files and input output devices It is fully described in the CP M User s Manual 5 8 READ load CP M files using the RS232 port This command only applies if you have the serial interface option It may be used to transfer files from another CP M computer using an RS232 link To download software using READ you will need to type in the the machine language program SEND COM on the other computer Assembly language listings for READ and SEND are included in this manual appendix C These programs use t
25. anual for details of these commands 5 12 LOAD Make a command file from a hex file _ soe eee ee eee ee eee This command is for use with the CP M assember See the CP M User s Manual 5 13 DUMP Display the the contents of a file in hex The syntax is dump FILENAME This will give a hexadecimal display of the specified file on the console To get a listing on the printer type a CONTROL P first 5 14 ED The CP M text editor A line oriented text editor which may be used to create program source files or to alter other ASCII text files See the ED User s Manual for details 5 15 ASM and DDT Assembler and debugging tool These utilities support the development and debugging of assembly language programs written in Intel 8080 source code See the ASM and DDT User s Manuals for instructions on their use 6 Re configuring CP M The NEWSYS program supplied on you CP M master disk allows you to re configure CP M for your particular requirements NEWSYS may also be used to patch CP M itself see appendix D You may alter certain PET VDU and RS232 interface characteristics as well as the disk drive assignments You may also insert an autoload command which will automatically be performed every time the CP M system is started from cold YOU ARE STRONGLY ADVISED HOWEVER NOT TO ALTER THE COPY OF CP M ON THE MASTER DISK ITSELF ALWAYS SAVE THE RE CONFIGURED SYSTEM ON A DIFFERENT DISK Make sure that the destin
26. ation disk has been formatted under CP M It may contain CP M files which will not be destroyed However any CP M system on the destination disk will be overwritten Type newsys BE Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual The NEWSYS program will ask you to enter the name of the source disk containing the CP M system which you wish to modify This will normally be drive A Then the source system will be loaded into memory so that you can modify it NEWSYS will display a menu Autoload command CO o i Disk drive assignment I O assignment Pet terminal parameters RS232 assignment Save new system Execute system O B UO W wW H Quit this program Pressing A RETURN allows you to insert an autoload command into your new CP M system The current autoload command is displayed if any NEWSYS will ask you if you wish to change or remove the autoload command If you do not then just press RETURN to return to the main menu If you do wish to insert a new autoload then press Y RETURN You will be asked to enter the new autoload command just as it would be typed in reply to the CP M prompt l For example you could enter dir to print out a directory listing each time the aye tan is loaded from cold Or you could make CP M come straight into say a BASIC interpreter or your own turn key application program at power up Pr
27. bdos d 5 ch c 21 bdos a nxtblk e e e Se we 4 e e e g o e gt s f d errmsg c 9 bdos exit m S bdos bdos a 37h 3 0 Odh d chkser o a 0ah Odh Oah odh Oah User s Manual ready to receive synchronize with sender read a character RUBOUT ignore end of file data block no signal an error yes ues clear checksum read next byte save in buffer update checksum not finished finished read checksum checksum error output a dot to screen write data block to file disk full yes complain to user print Checksum error close file release handshake and re boot CP M Ready to receive Odh 0ah Disk write errors Checksum errors 3l BE Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox rdhex rdnib read nokey walt call add add add add push call pop add ret call sui cpi re sul ret call ora jz call cpi jz mvi out in ani jz mvi out in ret end rdnib a a psw rdnib read 30h 10 Of006h a nokey 0 009h 3 eof a 37h 9 9 2 wait a 17h g e SS e wg e SSG o wg wg SO User s Manual read high nibble multiply by 16 save read low nibble add to high nibble 16 read one ASCII character convert to a binary nibble call CONST
28. e character Erase to end of screen Clear the screen Reverse on Reverse off Erase to end of line Erase to end of screen Hazeltine 1500 terminal codes These codes are preceeded by a lead in character which may be set to either TILDE 7E hex or ESCAPE 1B hex using Un NEWSYS or SET utilities 0B 0c OF LI C 12 13 17 18 lA LC lD B CTRL K CTRL L CTRL O CTRL Q CTRL R CTRL S CTRL W CTRL X CTRL Z CTRL CTRL Cursor up Cursor right Erase to end of line Set cursor followed by X address then T Cursor home Delete line Erase to end of screen Erase to end of screen Insert line Clear screen Clear screen Input output ports The following I O ports in the SoftBox may be addressed Hex 08 09 oc 10 13 14 15 l6 17 18 it 8255 Device 8251A 8251A COM811 8255 8255 8255 8255 8255 4 8255 8255 6 1 Tl 1 Data port A Function USART data port USART control port Baud rate generator control port IEEE data in Data port B IEEE data out Data port C Control port Data port A Data port B Data port C Control port IEEE control in IEEE control out Corvus status in Optional data port for Corvus drive 2 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual Corvus status inputs bit 4 controller ready bit 5 active The IEEE control signals are ATN bit 0 DAV bit 1 NDAC bit 2 NRFD bit 3 EOI bit 4 SRQ bit
29. earch into an operating system capable of running on virtually any disk based microcomputer which uses either the Intel 8080 or Zilog 280 family of central processor CPU chip CP M has now been adap ted for nearly all such machines and is being used extensively because of its power and relatively low cost Many excellent software packages are now available for it including languages like CIS COBOL FORTRAN C APL PL 1 FORTH and PASCAL as well as Microsoft s extended BASIC compiler and interpreter Cross assemblers Macro assemblers and hundreds of business packages such as WORDSTAR tm and MAGIC WAND tm Irrespective of the particular hardware on which CP M is running its operation appears th same to the user This hardware independence is crucial because it means that most applications written for use under CP M will run on ANY computer system which supports CP M provided that sufficient memory is available the maximum is typically 60K bytes of RAM on an 8080 or Z80 based system Consequently a vast library of software is now available to every CP M user from a wide variety of suppliers DE Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual Not surprisingly CP M has become the world s most popular microcomputer operating system Unfortunately whilst the PET has software packages of its own being based on the 6502 CPU and having a maximum RAM size of 32K bytes i
30. essing D RETURN allows you to examine the disk drive assignment CP M drive names versus drive type and device number Then NEWSYS asks you which drive unit you wish to alter for example to create a system having more than one disk unit To leave the current assignment unaltered just press RETURN Press I RETURN to look at the input output device assignment NEWSYS will display the default list LST reader RDR and punch PUN devices and the IEEE device numbers for the PET printer LPT ASCII printer UL1 and the physical reader and punch PTR and PTP The default logical device settings may be overridden by using the STAT command and the device numbers may be changed by SET 21 DE Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual Press P RETURN to examine or alter the interrupt clock setting this is necessary if you have a 60Hz PET the default terminal type and the number of directory columns in DIR listings Also you may force the system to power up with the PET keyboard and Screen in upper case only mode for personal preference or because the software you are using requires it You will be asked to specify which is any of these features you wish to alter To return to the main menu simply press RETURN These defaults may be overridden using the SET command Press R RETURN to examine and or alter the RS232 interface setup cha
31. he Clear to Send CTS output of the RS232 port on the SoftBox which is pin 5 This should be wired to the Data Terminal Ready DTR input of the other computer which is normally pin 20 of the RS232 connector This handshaking line is necessary to avoid losing data while the file is being transferred Be sure that the SoftBox baud rate setting matches that of the sending computer See chapter 6 for details of how to alter the baud rate on the SoftBox To download any CP M file simply type on the PET read filename Where FILENAME is the name of the destination file specified in 18 BIE Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual the usual way Wait for the READ program to reply with the prompt ready to receive Now on the other computer type the command send filename Where FILENAME is the name of the file you want to send The READ program will output a dot on the screen for every 128 bytes transferred Checksums are inserted in the data to make sure that it is correctly transferred If any checksum errors occur then READ will inform you and reboot You will then need to transfer the file again 5 9 MEMTEST perform a SoftBox memory test To invoke the memory test type memtest MEMTEST will perform a complete cycle of tests on the 60K bytes of internal RAM in the CP M box Ten diff rent tests are performed and after each cycle a cumulative error count
32. ms Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual program refers for a Corvus drive to the physical drive number not an IEEE device number This drive number should normally be l unless several Corvus drives are to be connected using a multiplexer S ae Next use FORMAT to initialize all directories on the hard disk C and D in the above example Now you should be able to read and write CP M files on the hard disk To use the Corvus as the main system drive use NEWSYS to create a system with the Corvus defined as drives A and B or A B C and D for a 20 Megabyte drive Save this system on the lowest Corvus logical drive drive C in our example which will become drive A With the floppy drives unplugged from the system the Softbox should now boot up from the Corvus drive from cold Alternatively the system may be saved on floppy disk as well and cold boots may then be done from IEEE device number 8 as before but with the Corvus drive now occupying drive A when the system is loaded so that warm boots are done from the hard disk for increased speed Sl Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW tel 328 7145 Small Systems SoftBox Index A ASM command CP M assembler 20 Autoload command 21 BACKUP command 7 18 BASIC cold start 17 BDOS errors 24 Baud rate 22 Built in commands 12 c CON device console 6 13 CONTROL key 5 CONTROL
33. nds 12 Turnkey applications 21 U ULl device 5 13 IEEE address 17 21 USER command change user number 12 Upper case input 16 V VDU control codes 26 Warm start 8 16 Wildcard file names 9 11 Write protection diskettes 7 25 files 13 XFER file transfer program 19 Zi Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 3287145
34. ng ane ready DK SmallSystems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW tel 328 7145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual Type RUN followed by a carriage return The message Loading CP M will appear while the CP M operating system is being loaded from the disk followed typically by the CP M sign on message 60K PET CP M Version 2 2 c 1981 Keith Frewin A Note if you have a PET with BASIC version 4 and disk drives with DOS version 2 then an alternative easier way to load CP M from the disk is to simultaenously press the SHIFT and RUN keys on the PET keyboard The CP M prompt A tells you that you are currently on drive A and that CP M is awaiting a keyboard command Try typing dir followed by a carriage return This command will give you a directory listing of the current drive drive A Your directory Lx will look something like Ai PIP COM STAT COM A FORMAT COM NEWSYS COM A DDT COM ED COM A BACKUP COM ASM COM A DUMP COM LOAD COM etc Each directory entry is the name of a CP M file on the disk much more about CP M files later 243 Making backup copies of CP M Now having loaded CP M for the first time you should make at least one back up copy of your CP M master diskette IMPORTANT KEEP YOUR CP M MASTER DISKETTE WRITE PROTECTED AT ALL TIMES KEEP THE WRITE PROTECT NOTCH AT THE EDGE OF THE DISKETTE COVERED UP IT CONTAINS SERIALIZED SOFTWARE WHICH C
35. o P allowing a total of up to 16 drives For the purposes of PET floppy disks these are grouped into pairs A and B C and D and so on up to O and P Each pair of letters represents one physical twin disk unit The master disk unit which must always be present should occupy the usual IEEE address device 8 The right hand side physical drive 0 becomes drive A while the left hand drive drive 1 becomes drive B under CP M BE Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual If you wish to have more than one floppy disk unit in the system the remaining units must be set up for different IEEE addresses Consult your PET dealer for advice on how to do this Chapter 6 explains how to reconfigure your CP M to expect more than one drive unit You will require a standard IEEE to IEEE cable to connect the SoftBox to your PET and disk drives 1 6 Some notes on the SoftBox for CP M users You need not be familiar with the PET or PET BASIC to use the SoftBox The SoftBox gives you access to 60K CP M version 2 2 running on a 280 processor at 4MHZ with no wait states This allows you to run virtually any CP M software with a very high processing Speed The PET VDU and keyboard appears to CP M as either a Lear Seigler ADM3A Televideo 912C or Hazeltine 1500 terminal allowing many packages such as wordprocessors which require special Screen handling to be run with
36. o upper case only or lower and upper case mode normal set text or set t set graphics or set g sets the terminal to text mode normal or to graphics mode spacing between lines compressed set p DN set a DN set r DN set n DN 16 AG Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual sets the PET printer LPT ASCII printer UL1 reader PTR or punch PTP device respectively to be IEEE device number DN set d l set d 2 set d 4 sets the number of columns for directory listings DIR command Use l or 2 columns on 40 column PETs to avoid screen wrap around Set v adm3a set v tv912 set vzhzl500 sets the PET VDU to appear like a Lear Seigler ADM3A Televideo 912 or Hazeltine 1500 terminal Bo Set ezescape set e tilde sets the escape lead in character for Hazeltine terminal emulation ea var E s 5 2 TIME examine or set the PET clock there are two forms of this command time displays the current time on the screen for example time is 12 04 58 while to set the clock you would type for example da 3 46 07 You will then be asked to press any key to start the clock 5 3 COLD Cold start PET BASIC The command cold resets the PET the SoftBox and the disk drives reverting to 6502 mode and PET BASIC DE Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 328 7145 Small Systems SoftBox User s M
37. ommand dir com This will list all files with file type COM on the current drive Similarly dir s will list all files beginning with the letter S lots dir will list all files which have no file acides There are no such files so CP M replies with the message NO FILE The wildcard character will match zero or more characters in a file name The character has a similar function but matches one and only one character So FE T will match FEAT and FEET but not FEAST 3 4 The TYPE command The TYPE command alls CP M to type the contents of a disk file containing ASCII character data on the screen Thus the command type dump asm will produce a listing of the file DUMP ASM whichis in fact an example assembly language program referred to in the CP M Assembler User s Guide If you try TYPEing a non ASCII file such as a CP M command COM file you will get garbage on the Screen and control characters present in the file may affect the VDU operation for example the cursor may be turned off To freeze any console output while you examine part of it press CONTROL S The S key with RVS held down Don t hold the key down as it will auto repeat To continue the listing simply type another CONTROL S To abort a TYPE command press any other key You can get listings 6n the PET printer by pressing CONTROL P All output to the console will then also appear on the printer for example the output from a TYPE command or a
38. racter length parity number of stop bits and baud rate S RETURN allows you to save the new CP M system on a disk NEWSYS will ask you which drive you wish to save the re configured system on E RETURN allows you to run the re configured system without having to save it on a disk and boot up from cold This is useful for making temporary modifications to say the baud rate setting Q RETURN returns you to CP M command mode still under the old CP M system To run the re configured system you must either have used E to exit or saved the new system on a disk S c mmand ard r booted from cold placing the new system disk in drive A These routines are specific to the SoftBox and are not part of standard CP M They aliow the user to communicate over the IEEE bus clear the console screen etc Jump vectors F003 to F030 inclusive are ROM entry points corresponding to the BIOS routines Basic Input Output System see the CP M version 2 2 alteration guide There th n follow jump vectors to routines used internally by the SoftBox some of which may be useful to the user F003 WBOOT Perform CP M warm boot F006 CONST Test console keyboard status FF returned in accumulator if character is ready 0 returned otherwise F009 CONIN Read next character from console into the accumulator without parity FO0C cCONOUT Output a character from register C to the console DE Small Systems Engineering
39. ses of STAT include setting files to be read only or to be invisible to directory listings SYSTEM files See the CP M User s Manual for further details Type Stat val to get a list of STAT command options 4 Running applications packages under CP M The main application for your SoftBox will most likely be to run one or more of the commercially available CP M software packages When you receive the manual and diskette for the package you will naturally be anxious to try the package out However you should resist the temptation to do so until you have first made a back up copy of the master disk for the package This may be done as follows firstly with CP M loaded and a CP M system disk in drive A place a new disk in drive B You will need to format the disk in drive B to do this type format The FORMAT program will ask Format disk on which drive A to P or RETURN to reboot Reply with the drive name B DK Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual followed by a carriage return Because the FORMAT program destroys any data on the disk being formatted it will first ask you if you are sure Disk on drive B is to be formatted Press RETURN to continue C to abort If you typed the wrong drive name by mistake you could return to CP M command mode by typing CONTROL C Otherwise press RETURN to confirm that you want to format the disk A
40. sk tells CP M which files are stored where A CP M file name can have up to eight letters DEL numbers or any other character but don t use or as these have a special meaning to CP M The LU PPS may also be qualified bya file type of up to three charaters By convention the file name and type are separated by a full stop when you type them For pean STAT COM Is a file called STAT with file COM MAGIC Is an example of a file name with no file type To avoid ambiguity only one file may exist on each disk with any given file name and type A file may have any or no file type although some applications programs such as language compilers expect certain file types The file type COM is the only one recognized by CP M as a special case A command file such as STAT COM may be loaded loud d and run by typing STAT Some common file types are COM CP M commana CBL COBOL source file FOR FORTRAN source file PAS PASCAL source file BAS BASIC source file C source file PLI PL 1 source file ASM Assembler source file HEX Intel hex format object file REL Microsoft relocatable format object file TXT Text file BAK Editor backup file INT Intermediate object code file CIS COBOL SUB SUBMIT command file Temporary file ag Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW6 tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual 3 3 Selective directory listings Try typing the c
41. t has up until now been unable to take advantage of the much richer collection of CP M software 1 4 The SoftBox The SoftBox allows you to totally overcome these twin obstacles of memory size and Z80 CPU compatibility By purchasing the SoftBox you will greatly expand the power of your PET and the range of high quality software and development tools available If you have the serial interface option the SoftBox will also allow you to use a serial RS232 printer or terminal with your PET We are sure that you will enjoy using CP M on your PET Design and development The SoftBox hardware was designed and developed by Derek Rowe of Small Systems Engineering London England The software excluding the CP M operating system and manual are by Keith Frewin of Unicorn Software London England 1 5 Hardware requirements To run PET CP M you must lacu a 3000 4000 or 8000 series PET microcomputer with disk drives Series 2000 PETs may also be used but should ideally be fitted with upgrade BASIC ROMs which allow them to work with disks However a short initialization program program may optionally be supplied on cassette for I5 a CP M on old ROM PETs 8K of PET RAM is sufficient to run CP M From one to eight Commodore floppy disk units model 2040 3040 4040 or 8050 may be attached in any combination allowing up to 8 Megabytes of on line floppy disk storage By convention disk drives under CP M are labelled alphabetically from A t
42. u MUST do a CP M warm start control C to log in the new disk To recover from a R O error press any key to re boot FILE R O Attempt to write to or delete a file which has the read only attribute set This attribute is set or removed by the STAT program Hit any key to re boot The remaining BDOS errors are hardware disk errors and give you the option of re booting control C or ignoring the error any other key except The latter course is not advisable if the 24 ale Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place London NW tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual error occurred during a directory write operation Typing a question mark first will display the actual contents of the drive unit error channel in the usual format error code error message text track sector Refer to the CBM Floppy Disk Drive User s Manual for details WRITE PROTECTED You can t write to a disk which has the write protect notch covered up If you wish to proceed uncover the notch and replace the disk then press RETURN Otherwise type a CONTROL C to reboot ZEE DISK NOT READY No disk in drive door not closed or bad diskette Ensure disk is correctly inserted close the door and press RETURN to proceed Or you can re boot by typing CONTROL C COMMODORE DOS BUG The drive unit sometimes gets confused if for example you try to log in a badly formatted disk Insert a good disk and reboot control C UNKNOWN ER
43. will copy all files from drive A to drive B The O option in square brackets is important in case any of the files being copied are binary object files instead of containing ASCII text The PIP program is somewhat complicated to cover fully in this manual buta complete list of options is given in the CP M User s Manual The options available when copying files include removing tabs converting to upper or lower case etc When the copying is complete PIP will give you another asterisk prompt Remove the master disk from drive A and re insert your CP M system disk Then type a CONTROL C to do a CP M warm start You can check that all the files have been copied onto the new disk by typing the command dir b This will list all files on drive B Alternatively you can type stat b In general prefixing a CP M filename by a drive letter followed by a colon tells CP M that the file is on that drive rather than the current drive To change the current drive which starts off as drive A reply to the CP M prompt A gt with the command b The prompt will now change to B gt to remind you that the current drive is now B Now the straight dir command will list all the files on drive B To list files on drive A you would need to type dir a To revert to drive A simply type a 15 Bis Small Systems Engineering 2 4 Canfield Place Londori NW6 tel 3287145 Small Systems SoftBox User s Manual Having
44. x A for example 1A hex is clear screen The table is terminated by a zero byte SoftBox CP M locations may be modified using the NEWSYS program Firstly run NEWSYS to load the system from the source drive then type CONTROL C to exit from NEWSYS The system is loaded starting at hex location 4000 so that DDT or SID may be run without destroying it When the system has been patched run NEWSYS again but this time just press RETURN in reply to the source drive prompt to avoid re loading the system from disk You will then be able to save the modified version of the system on disk The following table gives the location of the various CP M modules within the NEWSYS buffer module final address NEWSYS address CCP D400 4000 BDOS DCO00 4800 BIOS EA00 5600 An optional hard disk interface on the SoftBox will drive a Corvus 5 10 or 20 megabyte hard disk For convenience because CP M only supports drives up to 8 Megabytes the Corvus drive is divided up into logical drives of about 5 Megabytes each SoftBox operation using a Corvus drive is similar to operation using floppy disks The setup procedure for a new drive is as follows firstly using the NEWSYS program create a system in which one drive pair say C and D is the hard disk For a 20 megabyte disk four consecutive logical drives will be required A B C and D E F G and H I J H and L or M N O and P The device number specified in the NEWSYS 33 316 Small Syste
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