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Multi use level workbench

1. ec L Soeial structure es e economy Society The population A onomic growth i s O x 2 Happiness 4 Zimh 8 Li High J ce O L edium ion n i TD azero SP E d Y z y Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 6 1 Use level 3 Build Learners can express conceptual models using the following ingredients e Entity e Attribute e Configuration Quantity e Quantity space o Magnitude o Derivative e Value assignment o Derivative o Magnitude Page 30 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 e Causal dependency plus and minus e Correspondence 6 2 Simulation Simulating the model generates a state graph Figure 6 2 which visualises the following ingredients e State e State transition States can be selected individually as a set or as a path AAA X Expression Simulate File View Display Settings AR ES Ke R e el etas gt ES Sus 0 9 Y 0D w Select e View Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 6 2 Use level 3 Simulate State graph From the simulate workspace the Value History Figure 6 3 and the Transition History Figure 6 4 workspaces can be opened Both visualisations take the selected states as input The Value history displays the following ingredients e Entity e Quantity e Quantity space magnitude e States e Current value in each state o Magnitude o Derivative value P
2. Correspondences Page 62 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 13 4 2 Altered export functions in model fragment class Some of the functions that export a model to the reasoning engine representation had to be adapted to deal with expressions e The exportRelations function exports correspondences inequalities causal dependencies and operators as a result of exporting inequalities The function was adapted to export the inequalities to the scenario part of the expression and the correspondences and causal dependencies to the model fragment part of the expression e The exportSystemElements function exports entities agents assumptions configurations and attributes This function was adapted to export all of these ingredients as conditions to the model fragment part of the expression and also export all of these ingredients as consequences to the scenario part of the expression This makes sure that the model fragment part will always match the scenario part of the expression e The exportValues function exports the value assignments This function is only called to export the value assignments to the scenario e The exportParameters function exports the quantities This function is used to export the quantities as consequences to both the scenario and the model fragment part of the expression e The exportSystemStructures function exports model fragments inherited or imported int
3. Current program Dynaleam 0 0 13 Current definition version 24 Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 11 4 Meta data model data Page 50 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 12 Special features Over the years Garp3 has gained multiple special features These features have been incorporated in the DynaLearn software and several other have been newly added to DynaLearn Typical special features of DynaLearn are multiple language support OWL import export tooltips Garp3 compatibility EPS export use level switching 12 1 Multiple languages Multiple language support allows models to be translated from one language into multiple others This functionality is fully inherited from Garp3 and also works for the new ingredients introduced in DynaLearn 12 2 OWL export import The Web Ontology Language OWL export and import functionality allows DynaLearn models to be exported as OWL files This representation is used within the DynaLearn project to communicate models and simulation results between different components in the software For example the Semantic Repository stores the models in this format The models in OWL format can also be imported back into the DynaLearn application again The OWL functionality has been adapted to a richer representation to capture the new knowledge representation used in DynaLearn For example information about use levels and new representation such as the and relationshi
4. Quantity A quantity space specifies the range of possible values that magnitude and derivatives of a quantity can have Each quantity has a user defined quantity space for the magnitudes and a default quantity space for the derivatives namely dec std inc Values are ordered in a quantity space Each qualitative value is either a point or an interval and within quantity spaces these two types consecutively alternate Quantity space Magnitude and derivative assigned value A value assignment indicates that a quantity has or should have a particular magnitude or derivative value in a scenario or in a model fragment dec decrease std steady inc increase Page 23 126 DynaLearn D3 1 Direct influence Proportionality Correspondence Inequality OO Direct influences are directed relations between two quantities and are either positive or negative Direct influences are the cause of change within a model and are therefore said to model processes Depending on the magnitude of the source quantity and the type of influence the derivative of the target quantity either increases or decreases The direct influence I Q2 Q1 causes the quantity Q2 to increase if Q1 magnitude is positive to decrease if Q1 is negative and remain stable when Q1 is zero assuming there are no other causal dependencies on Q2 The source quantity is often referred as being a rate as it expresses
5. Entity items as in Garp3 Attribute Configuration Quantity Value Plus Min Inequality Assumption Agent View View only if Scenario editor active Collapse items as in Garp3 with 2 exceptions Expand Collapse relations Expand relations Show relevant Full redraw show all default placing Expand all Page 108 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Hide Translations Settings Language Hide model ingredient tooltips Settings Hide model ingredient tooltips 18 10 2 2 Build Model fragments definitions editor File File Properties of ingredients move to Edit if possible top item then horizontal line Save diagram to EPS file same always present Save model to disk rename Save current model to file always present Edit MF type ingredients Edit only if MF definitions editor active Add child items as in Garp3 Edit Delete new in LHS bar Clone Copy Paste Make inactive View View only if MF definitions editor active Default view items as in Garp3 with 2 exceptions Save this view Open other view Hide parent child relations Show conditional relations Translations Settings Language Hide model ingredient tooltips Settings Hide model ingredient tooltips Page 109 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 18 10 2 3 Build Model fragment editor File Model fragment properties Save diagram to EPS file Save model to disk Edit MF ingredients Delete Properties Condi
6. Scenario with initial values this is of particular importance for the use levels for which the notion of a scenario is implicit for the user o Opens for a previously saved simulation including The state graph Created behaviour paths Scenario Initial values o Theinteractive dialogues can remain as the where in Garp3 When a saved simulation is opened the software opens in Simulation mode showing the state graph as currently is done in Garp3 o OWLicon Open help page should be removed 18 4 1 Use level 6 Build Build Entity Agent Assumption hierarchy editor o Open Click on icon in main screen o Close by selecting another option in the main screen In principle any active option is possible o LHS button bar should move LHS button bar main screen Page 84 126 DynaLearn D3 1 Build O O O O Build ssue the order of items should be unified new properties erase window content organisers Menu options see elsewhere in this document Dialogues to Add Delete etc ingredients remain as in Garp3 Editor contents hierarchy of E A A ingredients Listed in the workspace of the main screen OWL icon Open help page should be removed Attribute Configuration Quantity Quantity Space definitions editor Open Click on icon in main screen Close by selecting another option in the main screen In principle any active option is possible The Close b
7. git or cz course svn html 5 http www youtube com watch v 8dhZ9BXQgc4 6 http www youtube com watch v 4XpnKHJAok8 7 http code google com p msysgit 8 http code google com p tortoisegit 9 http www macports org 10 http www kernel org pub software scm qgit docs howto setup git server over http txt 11 http maymay net blog 2008 08 08 how to use http basic authentication with git 12 http github com coglan svn2git tree master Page 124 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Page 125 126 e mail Info DynaLearn eu website www DynaLearn eu
8. List Collapse Expand all Translations Settings Language Hide model ingredient tooltips Settings Hide model ingredient tooltips 18 10 2 5 Simulate State graph view File File Select Scenario leave out Save simulation in model leave out Open saved simulation leave out Simulate all scenarios leave out is debug facility Save diagram to EPS file same always present View same as LHS button bar View active when in simulate context Window E R structure items as in Garp3 Quantity values Model fragments Dependencies Transition history Equation history Value history Current scenario Scenarios to scenario editor Page 112 126 Project No 231526 Display Layout Layout states Layout terminations Settings DynaLearn Display active when in simulate context items as in Garp3 Settings State graph settings Page 113 126 D3 1 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 19 Appendix C GIT Software version management HOWTO Note This manual is meant to give pointers towards using Git The manual is provided on an as is basis without warranties of any kind We have moved our work from Subversion to Git to use our university infrastructure particularly to have reliable backups but our experience is still young lt would therefore be helpful to get feedback to improve this HOWTO Send comments to J Liem uva nil The latest version of this document can be
9. Saw s The DynaLearn Interactive Learning Environment ILE for constructing conceptual knowledge has been successfully completed The main contributions of this software include e Multiple use levels e Integrated interface Single workspace Support for multiple simulations e Saved state and path selections and saved simulation support Upward compatible for Garp3 models open in use level 6 Entity on off preference in use level 1 5 Alphabetic order to simplify selection of o Model fragments o Scenarios The use levels allow teachers and learners to work on different levels of complexity as well as to focus on particular representational features in order to highlight and investigate specific qualitative aspects of systems behaviour Having all the interactive windows integrated in a single workspace single screen significantly enhances the usability of the overall workbench Being able to run multiple simulations within a single model albeit for different scenarios and save these simulation results in the model is convenient for users as it opens new possibilities for teachers and learners to share their work within the community The software is available via the DynaLearn website http www DynaLearn eu Page 64 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 15 Discussion AAN Further improvements of the DynaLearn software depend on the availability of resources and requirements put forward by t
10. e Simulate view Show quantity values as in use level 4 Simulate view List model fragments not applicable superfluous 18 7 3 Use level 3 Specials Pull down list for paths Middle top main screen as in use level 4 e Tab as in use level 4 e Clone as in use level 4 18 8 Use level 2 How to adapt DynaLearn use level 3 details to accommodate use level 2 e Save Open state graphs initial values and created paths not applicable superfluous e Build Creating and adding Entities Agents and Assumptions as in use level 3 o But only Entities can be created Agent and Assumptions are not used e Build Creating and adding Attributes as in use level 3 but maybe we don t want it e Build Creating and adding Configurations as in use level 3 e Build Creating and adding Quantities and Quantity Spaces o Works in principle as in use level 3 accept with the following significant modification Quantities have no user defined quantity space e Filter Such quantities are given a default quantity space consisting of a single interval by the dialogue without the user noticing Page 104 126 o Note Probably for the default interval a special purpose quantity space should be defined qs default so that it can easily be recognised and handle throughout the software o Note The derivative quantity space is not affected by the above and is always added for a quantity
11. expression Main screen top buttons opening definition editors o The icons for opening the definition editors should be removed It is sufficient to have The Creating and adding dialogues see also below to handle single ingredients while being in a model fragment editor The model fragment editors to open a specific type of model fragment 18 5 2 Use level 5 Dialogues for adding ingredients How to adapt DynaLearn use level 6 details to accommodate use level 5 Save Open state graphs initial values and created paths as in use level 6 Build Creating and adding Entities Agents and Assumptions o Details are the same for the Entity Agent Assumption hierarchy editors The text below refers to Entity o Two dialogues are involved whose functionality should be merge into a single dialogue Entity hierarchy editor level 6 main screen Add a new entity level 6 dialogue o Name composed dialogue Add entity o Basis idea see general text at the beginning of use level 5 text As a reference note that the new dialogue Add entity will look rather similar to the dialogue for Add configuration see items below o Open Close see general text o Issue Entity preference is impossible None gt Instance Instance amp Type gt Instance amp Type hierarchy see D 2 1 for details All entities have to be of a unique Page 95 126 O O Type otherwise problems may occur wh
12. o Dialogues design The Add quantity dialogue needs to be adapted the quantity space details are not available Build General model fragment editor as in use level 3 o But the scope of usable ingredients is limited Entity Attribute Configuration Quantity Value assignment only Derivative and Proportionalities Filter Proportionalities are shown as and This requires adapting the Add proportionality dialogue to Add effects 18 8 1 Use level 2 Export Export model to Simulate as in use level 3 but less ingredients o From General model fragment to Scenario Entity e Configuration e Quantity e Quantity space e Derivative Value assignment General model fragment subtype of Expression e All contents but without o Derivative Value assignment 18 8 2 Use level 2 Simulate e Simulate State graph not applicable superfluous e Simulate view Value history not applicable superfluous e Simulate view Transition history not applicable superfluous e Simulate view Show quantity values not applicable superfluous e Simulate result should be show in the Build context Generic model fragment which entails three things o Derivative values o Inconsistency shown by a o Ambiguity shown by multiple value assignments on derivatives Page 105 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 18 8 3 Use level 2 Specials Pulldown list for paths Mi
13. the amount of change within a certain time period For a negative influence l the effect of the source quantity in the target quantity is just the opposite Qualitative proportionalities are directed relations between two quantities They propagate the effects of a process i e they set the derivative of the target quantity depending on the derivative of the source quantity For this reason they are also referred to as indirect influences Proportionalities can also either be positive or negative A proportionality P Q2 Q1 causes Q2 to increase get the derivative value plus if Q1 is increasing that is it has already the derivative value plus Q2 will decrease if Q1 is decreasing and Q2 will remain stable if Q1 is also stable assuming there are no other influences on Q2 For a proportionality P this is just the opposite Correspondences are relations between qualitative values of quantity spaces belonging to different quantities and provides the notion of simultaneity if specific values of two quantities correspond then when one occurs the other one also occurs Correspondences can be either directed or undirected The former means that when value A of quantity space X corresponds to value B of quantity space Y the simulator derives that quantity space Y has value B when quantity space X has value A If the correspondence is undirected it may also derive the value A of quantity space X when quantity space Y has value
14. 1 This bare repository should be made available over the web Note again that bare repositories do not have a checkout This prevents conflicts in the central repository when pushing Conflict should be resolved locally Therefore pushing is only allowed if you have the latest version of each branch in your local repository Create a mirror of the Garp3 public repository Scd home user public html Smkdir gitroot sed grtroot DOSE clone ean ale http www science uva nl jliem gitroot Garp3 git Garp3 git Make sure that other developers have write access to the repository Schmod R 777 Garp3 git or 770 if you are in the same group Sed Garps git Sgit config core sharedRepository 0777 or 0775 if you are in the same group Note that the last step is not necessary if you are the only one developing Also perhaps fewer rights are required at your university Update the information about the repository location Sgit update server info The URL of this created public repository should be made known to the Garp3 developers if you want your changes integrated The URL should also be made known to the developers at your university Each developer or a single student creates a clone of the newly made public repository over SSH since they want to push back to the public repository Create a local repository to develop in STE clone ssh anotheruniversity edu home user gitroot Garp3 git Garp3 git By default
15. 6 is quite complex as use level 6 uses scenarios and model fragments whereas use levels 2 through 5 use conditional expressions A conversion algorithm has to be written to make these migrations possible We do not plan to add migrating models to lower use levels since there seems no educational reason to have a student working on a higher use level use a lower use level with the same model Technically it is also more difficult since fewer ingredients may be used on lower use levels Unused ingredients will have to be either converted or removed 12 Screen cloning In the Garp3 software each workspace was shown in a separate window Although this caused the usability problem of having too many windows open which is resolved by the integrated user interface in DynaLearn it did allow easy comparison of different diagrams or viewing multiple diagrams at the same time Typical use cases are looking at the state graph and the value history simultaneously or looking at the differences between two dependency views of two states In DynaLearn due to the integrated user interface it has become more difficult to look at multiple diagrams simultaneously As such we added the possibility of showing a diagram in a separate window This way diagrams can still be easily compared Page 53 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 12 8 Tabs in the simulate environment To allow the learner to see which of the workspaces in the simulate envir
16. 7 Use level 4 Build Page 73 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 E rL O A good title referring to whatever is shown below Path 1 2 3 16 20 Model name Edit Add Todo File Figure A 8 Use level 4 Simulate showing State graph Page 74 126 D3 1 DynaLearn nusquam A eseud pijos O ASUSTES Y eseud pinbr1l 110q suepuoo a qK 9 aseyd seo 6qIJISN alnjejadua R J oue1sqns z 82ueisqng Build showing Conditional expression Page 75 126 Project No 231526 MOJ9Q UMOYS S IINIIDYM 07 DuridajeJ eji POO v a 0z 91 ez7 1ywey E aweu juawBbey euonipuo a useaeu g opoL PPY PA Ald Figure A 9 Use level 5 D3 1 DynaLearn Project No 231526 EL LL Pe Ju puonipuos JO SuleN jui euonipuoo puooes y MOJ9Q UMOYS SPAFIDYM OF DuruiaajaJ aj POOG y 07 91 ez7 1yey F opoL PPV Mpa 911 Figure A 10 Use level 5 Simulate showing list of Condition expressions Page 76 126 D3 1 DynaLearn Project No 231526 usea Jeug MO UMOYS IINFIDYM OF Gulias aja poob y 07 91 E Z 1 ed Ei amp amp TEA EA G 2 lt ie ee gt e aweu polN ES aweu juauibejj jeuonipuo opoL PPV Jp elt Figure A 11 Use level 5 Simulate showing State graph Page 77 126 D3 1 DynaLearn Project No 231526 lusqy eseud poc P d QK 9914 Y eseud pinb
17. 81 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 18 2 Architecture appframe e generic o control o helpers o commands e build o definition o elements o workspace e simulate o definition o elements o workspace o definition o elements o workspace meta e icons 18 3 General e New and adjusted icons o Adjusted icons have been created We will include them in the current version of the software o New icons are now available for delete model close model plus min for paths simulate single state We will include them in icons appframe so that they can be used Greyed icons are now available for all main screen icons and can be included in the new software Greying works analogous to the main screen in Garp3 Candidates for greyed options are main screen o General active after some ingredient has been created Save current model to file Save current model to new file Delete current model Save diagram to EPS file we may ignore this and print an empty page o Uselevel 6 Editlast changed scenario active a scenario has been created Editlast changed model fragment active after a MF has been created All 5 simulate buttons active after a scenario has been created Open state graphs initial values and created paths active when a simulation is available Save state graphs initial values and created paths active after at least one
18. AutomaticModelBuilding branch Therefore merging now merges with this branch instead of the master branch Show all the branches and the active branch egit branch a Update the AutomaticModelBuilding branch giL feton origin git merge origin AutomaticModelBuilding To switch back to the master branch do Sgit checkout master Switching to the newly created AutomaticModelBuilding branch Sgit checkout AutomaticModelBuilding Note that it is impossible to push changes to the origin repository using this method since it is HTTP server 19 7 2 Developing Garp3 If you are a researcher or student and want to further develop Garp3 making the changes available to us it is appropriate to make use of the distributed nature of Git and both the HTTP to clone and fetch changes from the Garp3 repository at the UVA and SSH protocol to push changes to your own central repository Again we assume that the netrc netrc file has been created UVA uses the distributed nature of Git which does not require write access to the Garp3 repository Developers can make their own repository available to UVA by putting it on the web By informing UVA about the URL of the repository UVA can pull changes back to the UVA Garp3 repository Irrespective of whether you are a single student or represent a group of developers a single bare repository should be made mirroring the UVA public Garp3 repository Page 121 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3
19. Below a detailed account is given of how Garp3 functionality is migrated removed merged or hidden at each of use levels in the DynaLearn ILE 18 1 Main activities Use level 6 o Build workspaces Showing all the buttons and ingredients Providing user interaction o Simulate workspaces Showing all the buttons and ingredients Providing user interaction o Miscellaneous Greyed icons background colour button bar top main screen Lists Scenario Model fragments Paths Saved simulations Pull down menus Use levels as preference Tooltips text Meta data Trace window Tab Clone Use level 5 o Integrating definition with adding dialogues level 2 3 and 4 use the same o Filter Entity Agent Assumption Always true model fragment Conditional model fragments Use level 4 subset of level 5 o Filter Only always true model fragment Subset of level 5 simulation results options Use level 3 subset of level 4 o Allowing quantity spaces to be added after a quantity is created o Filter Only always true model fragment subset of level 4 Selection of level 5 ingredients Use level 2 subset of level 3 no quantity spaces o Filter No quantity spaces Simulation results derivative values in Build workspace e Derivatives Show Ambiguous Inconsistent simulation results Use level 1 o Filter Only Entities and configurations Different look in terms of icons used Page
20. The user can open the dialogue and select an already existing ingredient to be added to the main screen obeying the general Garp3 rules of course e g all entities should have unique names so these ingredient can be used only once but the same quantity can be assigned to different entities so these ingredients can be used multiple times etc Delete The user can delete an ingredient from the list The ingredient is then also deleted from the main screen and the dialogue is closed note this is different from Garp3 which requires deleting from the main screen first The user can also delete an ingredient from the main screen directly If this ingredient is the last one the ingredient should also be deleted from the list Properties While having the dialogue open the properties of a selected ingredient can be edited Name and Remarks This should follow by the user clicking on Adding Saving The changes are then saved and the dialogue closed When selecting another ingredient after changing properties of some ingredient the user has to confirm or cancel these changes as in Garp3 Upon confirming the changes are saved and the dialogue closed Upon cancelling the changes are not saved anq the dialogue is closed Thus effectively no switching between ingredients while editing the properties of an ingredient Cancel The dialogue itself can be closed without saving a performed action or without having done an action at all by usin
21. a call to the super class is needed to incorporate the general mechanism as defined in appFrameContent Another important general method that applies to every piece of content in the DynaLearn workbench is resize Because content is always embedded either within the application window or within a cloned window resize operations will never reach the content object directly Instead resize operations are put through to the content object via this method The parameters are the delta in width and height in that order that resulted from the resize operation Page 59 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Now that we have described the structure and functionality of the appFrameContent object storing application content we now turn to the way in which the application window brings about switches between various content objects In the class representing the application window i e appF rame there is a method addContent It takes a content object of type appFrameContent as its parameter and adds this to the internal content stack Because of cloning functionality there may be an arbitrary number of contents that are all open at the same time i e that are all part of the content stack The local attribute activeContent always points to the content object in the stack that is currently displayed so that inner representation and outer presentation are always in sync In addition to adding co
22. a new name Clicking save will save the simulation state in the model You will have to save the model as well Name Both tanks partially filled but left is higher Me Figure 10 2 The save load simulations dialogue 10 4 Implementation DynaLearn introduces two new classes to deal with multiple simulations saved simulations and stored state selections the stateSelection class and the simulation class The stateSelection Class is used to store particular selections in the state graph The simulation class represents a single simulation The stateSelection Class has the following variables selection mode either state or path mode e state the selected states e path the path that results from the selection e selectionText the text that should be shown in the menu name a name of the selection remarks the remarks belonging to the selection The main methods of the stateSelection class are get and set functions for the variables equality check functions to compare a selection to other selections used to check whether a particular visualisation of the simulation is already open or should be created copy functionality so that particular selections can be stored in a model Page 45 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 The simulation class has the following variables name the name of the simulation remarks the remarks added to the simulation currentSelection the current selection in the sta
23. directory and goes there Smv home richard papers paper312 N home richard public html gitroot paper312 scd home richard public html gitroot paper312 Richard creates a repository for the paper egit init Richard indicates that the files should be put in the repository Sgit add Richard commits all changed files to the repository Sgit commit a m I put paper312 in version management Richard sends an email to Daniel indicating the URL of the repository and that he can start working on the paper Daniel creates a directory for the paper in his public_html directory and goes there smkdir home daniel public html gitroot paper312 Scd home daniel public html gitroot paper312 Daniel creates a repository for the paper egit init Daniel indicates where the repository of Richard is git remote add richard http www science uva nl richard gitroot paper312 Daniel fetches the changes from Richard s repository Sgit fetch richard Daniel merges his local master branch with the remote master branch of Richard Sgit merge richard master Daniel makes some changes and commits them to his repository Sgit commit a m I changed the abstract and the conclusions Daniel sends the URL of his repository to Richard so he can see his changes Page 117 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Richard indicates where the repository of Daniel is Sgit remote add daniel http student science uva nl
24. editor will always work on direct subtypes of this type o Note The emphasis of Conditional fragments is on conditions of type magnitude derivative and in equality o LHS button bar as in the regular Model fragment editor o However the notion of consequences should not be shown to the user o Pull down menu File as in use level 6 accept Properties needs use level 5 filtering Edit as in use level 6 accept Properties needs use level 5 filtering Conditions as in use level 6 Consequences as in use level 6 View as in use level 6 without Show subfragments e Colour coding o General model fragment all ingredients Blue o Conditional model fragment Inherited ingredients Green as in Garp3 New conditions Red as in Garp3 New consequences Blue as in Garp3 Export model to Simulate o From General model fragment to Scenario Entity Configuration Agent Assumption Quantity Quantity space Magnitude Value assignment Derivative Value assignment In equality General model fragment subtype of Expression All contents but without o Magnitude Value assignment o Derivative Value assignment o WIn equality o From Conditional model fragment s to Conditional model fragment s subtype of General All contents as defined 18 5 4 Use level 5 Simulate e Simulate State graph as in use level 6 e Simulate view Show dependencies as in use level 6 e Simulate v
25. educational program or course assignment mentioning the reviewer etc e Referring to models authors year of publication and other bibliographic citation information Documenting known flaws and bugs The DynaLearn ILE offers four meta data editors In these editors information can be stored that pertains to the model as a whole but that does not involve the simulation process itself Examples of such information categories are the title of the model its authors known bugs the language in which the model is specified etc 11 1 Abstract and general remarks The abstract and general remarks meta data view embeds the model in its scientific or educational context Figure 11 1 The fields are e Title e Author e Contributors e Contact e mail e Keywords Domain e Model version e Known model limitation e Bibliographic citation e License Page 47 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Overview Model fragments s a Oy Oy OH Contributors ER A PP Keywords Water abstraction sensitive fish species temperature flow velocity hydropower production stakeholder satisfaction Domain Rvermanagement Model version Known model limitations Bibliographic citation License Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 11 1 Meta data abstract and general remarks 11 2 General information This view shows general
26. in fact as part of simulation results Default the name is the numbers of the currently selected states but the user may adjust this and give a name to the selection when the selection is saved Adding or deleting a selection is done with the and button on the RHS of the list Page 92 126 O The saved selected sets of states can be stored together with a simulation result sometimes referred to as saved states Such a cluster can later be reopened again and the simulation and accompanying paths reused Main screen button e Save state graphs initial values and created paths Open state graphs initial values and created paths o When are saved states and or saved selected paths deleted F saved selected paths exists AND saved states do not exist THEN remove saved selected paths as soon as e Anew simulation is generated e An edit activity has been carried out But before allowing these steps to occur inform the user about the planned deletion and ask the user whether to proceed options Proceed OR Cancel F saved selected paths exists AND saved states exist THEN remove saved selected paths AND saved states as soon as e An edit activity has been carried out e But before allowing these steps to occur inform the user about the planned deletion and ask the user whether to proceed options Proceed OR Cancel Note Upon changing the model all previously stor
27. is imported in these Conditional Expressions in the same way a model fragment is incorporated into another model fragment When a model fragment in incorporated the colour coding makes the imported model fragment content black and the model fragment reference red Since we prefer the colour coding for inherited model fragments a Hidden Expression is introduced between the Agent Fragment and the Conditional Expressions see Figure 13 4 The Hidden Expression incorporated the Expression and the Conditional Expressions become subclasses of this Hidden Expression This ensures the colour coding is correct Model Fragment Process Fragment Static Fragment Agent Fragment Scenario Expression Hidden Expression Conditional Conditional Conditional Expression 1 Expression Expression N Figure 13 4 The class hierarchy of model fragments expressions and scenarios 13 4 Export to reasoning engine Since an Expression Figure 13 4 is incorporates both aspects of a scenario and of a model fragment the reasoning engine in DynaLearn cannot run simulations with them without modification In Garp3 there would always be a scenario a particular start situation of the simulation and a set of model fragments general knowledge that applies in certain situations Garp3 checks which model fragments applies to the scenario introduces the knowledge in those model fragments to the scenario and uses t
28. of the main screen OWL icon Open help page should be removed O O O O Build Model fragment editor o Open Click on icon in main screen o Close by selecting another option in the main screen In principle any active option is possible o LHS button bar should move to the LHS button bar main screen Add the Delete icon o Menu options see elsewhere in this document o Dialogues to Add Delete etc ingredients within the editor remain as in Garp3 o Editor contents Model fragment ingredients Listed in the workspace of the main screen o OWLicon Open help page should be removed 18 4 2 Use level 6 Simulate e Simulate State graph o Open Click on icon in main screen either Simulate current scenario or Full simulation If simulation exists open state graph view for that simulation e Note a simulation gets removed when an edit action is carried out equal to how in Garp3 simulation results and accompanying views are removed when an edit action is carried out f no simulation exists Page 86 126 e Simulate current scenario Performs a one step simulation with the last edited scenario as in Garp3 Full simulation Performs a full simulation with the last edited scenario as in Garp3 Tab a tab is created in the main screen for this window so that it can be re opened later on note that also other options exist for opening see Open above in this section and
29. quantity space see general text happens from Add quantity dialogue Buttons Quantity definitions editor read top to bottom amp left to right e Add quantity definition gt Add quantity Copy selected quantity definition gt Copy selected quantity e Delete selected quantity definition gt Delete selected quantity amp close dialogue e Delete selected quantity space definition gt Delete selected quantity space Open quantity space definitions editor gt Add quantity space e Save changes gt Save changes amp close dialogue Page 97 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 e Undo changes gt Cancel amp close dialogue e Close remove superfluous Adda new quantity Open quantity definitions editor remove superfluous e Apply changes gt Save changes amp close dialogue see above e Cancel changes gt Cancel amp close dialogue Note From the two Remarks fields only one should stay Quantity space definitions editor read top to bottom amp left to right e Add quantity space stays as it is Copy selected quantity stays as it is e Delete selected quantity space stays as it is note also removes quantity space from the Add quantity dialogue amp close Add quantity space dialogue 6 icons for managing quantity spaces stay as they are e Save changes gt Save changes amp close Add quantity space dialogue
30. simulation was saved o Use level 5 note tooltip text will have to change see text on tooltips Editlast changed model fragment active after a MF has been created Page 82 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 AIl5 simulate buttons active after a scenario has been created Open state graphs initial values and created paths active when a simulation is available Save state graphs initial values and created paths active after at least one simulation was saved o Use level 4 and 3 note tooltip text will have to change see text on tooltips All 5simulate buttons active after a scenario has been created Open state graphs initial values and created paths active when a simulation is available Save state graphs initial values and created paths active after at least one simulation was saved o Use level 2 note tooltip text will have to change see text on tooltips Simulate current scenario active after a derivate value assignment has been created o Use level 1 No buttons available Save current model to file versus Save to model versus Save changes Issues o Does save to model still occur or is it always referred to as Save changes If yes rename to Save changes o Can we simply these notions by somehow circumventing Save changes o Note there is also Save model to disk in the Build context This should be renamed
31. the DynaLearn project where for example simulation results of models created by students are compared to simulation results of models made by experts A further improvement upon Garp3 is the ability to save state and path selections made in the state graph This feature has multiple educational purposes Firstly a domain expert creating an educational model can save specific paths in the state graph that reflect an important behaviour of the modelled system Secondly students and teachers can have easy access to the saved paths in the model Furthermore students can save behaviour paths that they do not understand so they can ask for feedback from a teacher or a Virtual Character Thirdly the stored selections can be used by the Virtual Characters to for example explain the model Finally a feature that has been significantly improved since Garp3 is saving simulations It is possible to save simulations in Garp3 but saved simulations can get out of synchronization with the model i e a saved simulation may not reflect the correct simulation as it would be produced by simulating the model Furthermore the links between the simulation and the model are lost when a simulation was saved In DynaLearn these issues with saved simulations have been remedied Saving simulations now also saves the links between the simulation and the model and also saves the stored selections As a result in DynaLearn there is no difference between loading a sa
32. the master branch of the public repository is checked out The other branches are tracked as remote branches e g origin AutomaticModelBuilding Show the all branches Sgit branch a Checkout a remote branch as a newly created local branch e quie checkout p AutomaticModelBuilding origin AutomaticModelBuilding After some development the changes should be locally committed and pushed to the public repository egit commit a m Changed A B and C Page 122 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 egit push origin To update a few active branches based on the public repository do the following egit fetch origin Sgit checkout master Sgit merge origin master Sgit checkout AutomaticModelBuilding Sgit merge origin AutomaticModelBuilding Note that usually there is no reason to update all branches in your repository since you tend to develop only a few branches During development your public repository may get out of sync with the UVA public repository By adding the UVA public repository as a remote repository to your local git repository changes can be pulled from it and pushed to your own public repository Add the UVA public repository to as a remote repository in your local repository requires the netrc netrc file Sgit remote add uva http www science uva nl jliem gitroot Garp3 git Get changes from the UVA Garp3 repository and integrate them Sgit fetch uva Sgit checkout master Sgit merge uva master Sgit ch
33. to model relations between entities and Edit agents They are also referred to as structural relations The Configuration configuration definitions editor enables the creation deletion and fragments and scenarios Quantities represent changeable features of entities and agents The quantity definitions editor enables the creation deletion and modification of quantities that can be attached to entities and agents in model fragments and scenarios A quantity space specifies a range of qualitative values a quantity magnitude or derivative can assume Each quantity has two associated quantity spaces a definable one for the magnitude Edit Quantity and the default quantity space min zero plus for the derivative of Space the quantity The quantity spaces definitions editor enables the Edit Quantity Definitions Definitions creation deletion and modification of quantity spaces that belong to quantity The qualitative values in a quantity space form a total order Each qualitative value is either a point or an interval and within the quantity spaces these two types consecutively alternate Lu SSL have quantities influencing the rest of the system which are sometimes called exogenous or external influences Assumptions are labels that are used to indicate that certain conditions are presumed to be true They are often used to constrain the possible behaviour of a model The assumption Edit U metio hierarchy editor enables the
34. user wants It should be possible to close each of the clones individually Page 93 126 DynaLearn D3 1 Extras O O Undo button go X steps back in the model building task Move simulation icons to button bar in main screen When state graph screen opens LHS button bar shows simulation icons Other views within the simulation context do not show the simulation icons in the LHS button bar 18 5 Use level 5 How to adapt DynaLearn use level 6 details to accommodate use level 5 18 5 1 Use level 5 General General on dialogues for adding ingredients a dialogue supports a single action and is automatically closed after the user has been carried out the action Concerns dialogues for ingredients Entity Agent Assumption Attribute Configuration Quantity Quantity space Basic idea O O Creating and Adding The user opens a dialogue to add an ingredient to the main screen While in the dialogue the user typically provides Name and Remarks attributes and quantities require more Upon added the ingredient saving the ingredient is added to the main screen and to the dialogue internal list and the dialogue itself is closed Keeping a list The dialogue keeps a list of the ingredients that are created by using it More in general there is a single list of ingredients which is acted up in two places in the main screen and in the dialogue Adding existing ingredient
35. views containing the changed ingredient must therefore be updated after an update has been performed appliedMethod makes sure these updates are performed 2 The locally stored attribute method changeApplied is performed on all elements within the content route 13 2 Application content The DynaLearn ILE has a uniform application window in which the various views and editors for modelling and simulation are displayed Whenever a new view or editor is chosen not only the view content changes but also the menu commands the buttons on the left hand side of the application window and the keyboard commands Because so many elements of the interface are tied together with the notion of content switching it becomes natural to think of interface views as modular objects But there is another reason for treating of user interface content switches as modular objects It should be possible to clone any of the views within the DynaLearn ILE at any given time This means that the user can click a button in order to transfer the currently displayed content to a separate window But not only the content is transmitted the menus left hand side buttons and keyboard commands should be transferred as well Page 58 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 AppFrameContent content Device buttonBar AppFrameConteniButionBar menuBar AppFrameMenuBar commands HashTable statusText String application Window AppFrame init_menu ini
36. whether the change can be pushed through and the apply method that applies the changes if possible The method s sole parameter is the content route to which the change will be applied The content route consists of an arbitrary number of objects and or chains containing objects The go method is itself called by a model objects changeRequest method where the content route is assembled and then passed through to the change requestor object The routeRequest method checks whether the changes can be applied to the objects in the content route The method that is used for this verification purpose is stored as attribute checkMethod Every modelling ingredient has its own check method these are defined in the view editor object The feedback from these check methods is assembled inside the feedback attribute of the change requestor object The reason for assembling the various feedback messages is that some of those individual feedbacks may block the changes whereas the feedbacks taken in isolation would not Whether the collation of feedbacks makes the changes impossible to perform is decided over inside the apply method treated below Page 56 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 call id for all objects in chain checkMethod ar a gt isimpossibleChange FeedbackDi isPossibleChange RouteApply for all pending changes SendApply a e gt m DoSend lied ue m m V e Fig
37. 000 X Expression Simulate File View Display Settings v Ph A a Pe UL4 CausalDifferentiation 7 A Ark An o DynaLearn PIB Boo g AHi D u 5 Size Tree Shade Tree Size Tree Shade Tree 123 Display equations E um tt Derivative equations Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 7 3 Use level 4 Equation history workspace Page 35 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 8 Conditional knowledge Use level 5 HA Use level 5 augments use level 4 by allowing conditional expressions to be defined These conditional expressions incorporate the expression fragment but allow separate conditions and consequences to be added 8 1 Representation The Build workspace Figure 8 1 is identical to the expression editor in use level 4 However there are new buttons that allow switching to the conditional expression list and switching to the last edited conditional expression as well Aan X UL6 CommunicatingVessels Full envisionment Scenario Editor Build File Edit Ingredients View Settings UL5 ConditionalKnowledge Try Expression cxContainer ee Or Container left Hig y press Volume 227 pm me e baie eti o 9 6 pm 5 el eMaximum 7 in eMaximum 7 eMaximum eMaximum gPositive NP pPositive gPositive gPositive MD gPositive gPositive mZero Zero a mero BZero m7ero a m7ero g 2 Y Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure
38. 3 1 Setting up Git at the UVA FNWI Linux Windows MacOSx To use Git the Git executable is required Moreover to push to or pull from another repository the Git executable has to be available on the computer hosting that repository To make Git available on mremote sremote owXXX science uva nl and the lvl Linux machines the following paths should be added to your PATH variable ask Google how to set environment variables Add usr bin to be able to use Git on owxxx and lvl Linux machines Add opt arch git bin to be able to use Git on sremote and mremote Furthermore in the LD LIBRARY PATH variable the directory opt arch lib should be mentioned before lib Otherwise pushes will fail due to an old 1ibz installation To access a repository in your FNWI home directory via SSH use ssh user mremote science uva nl or sremote science uva nl if you are a student since direct SSH access to other computers in the FNWI network is forbidden from outside of the FNWI Linux users at the FNWI can use Git by default if they changed their PATH variable appropriately Windows users at the FNWI can SSH using the Secure Shell Client to one of the Linux machines in the network Given that the PATH variable has been specified correctly Git can be run from that computer 19 3 2 Setting up Git on Linux Git is available as a package in most modern Linux distributions usually git core 19 3 3 Setting up Git on Windows Windows users n
39. 4 through 9 In general terms in an expression fragment and in a scenario only consequential model ingredients can be added the blue ones In a model fragment both conditional red and consequential blue model ingredients can be added Page 20 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Table 3 8 Buttons for the content button bar of the view editor ME o Add Entity Adds an entity to a scenario or model fragment Add Attribute Adds an attribute to a scenario expression or model fragment Add Adds a configuration between two entities in a scenario expression or model fragment Adds a quantity to an entity in a scenario expression or Pina model fragment Add Quantity Configuration Adds a quantity space to an existing quantity without one Space Adds a value assignment to either a magnitude value or to a Add Value a l derivative value in the quantity space Adds a calculus relation between two ingredients There are multiple ways operator relations can be used Add Operator Between two quantities Relation Plus or Between a quantity and a point value Minus Between two point values Between an operator and a quantity Between an operator and a point value Injequalities can exist between different kinds of ingredients There are five different combinations of arguments within an inequality relation An inequality between two quantities Add In Equality An inequality between two quan
40. 6 DynaLearn D3 1 O O O O O O By selecting another icon in LHS button bar of Simulate State graph In principle any active option is possible Menu options none Buttons below in the screen status bar Show model fragment in legacy mode move to LHS button bar new graphics needed Show model fragment in context move to LHS button bar new graphics needed Edit selected model fragment move to LHS button bar new graphics needed e Clicking on the ingredients in the window opens one of the 3 views mentioned above for the selected model fragment Can we keep this in place And when clicking the ingredients move to this view editor in the main screen See 3 blocks below Close this window remove superfluous Screen contents quantities etc Listed in the workspace of the main screen OWL icon Open help page should be removed Simulate view List model fragments Show model fragment in legacy mode Open happens when selected in List model fragments Tab no tab is created for this view in the main screen Close By selecting another option in the main screen or By selecting another icon in LHS button bar of Simulate State graph e In principle any active option is possible Menu options none Buttons below in the screen status bar e Close this window remove superfluous Screen contents MF details Listed in the workspace of the main screen OWL i
41. 8 1 Use level 5 Build workspace The conditional expression list Figure 8 2 shows a list of all the conditional expressions a learner has created The conditional expression workspace Figure 8 3 allows the following ingredients to be created as conditions and consequences unless specifically specified e Entities Agents e Assumptions e Configurations e Quantities including quantity spaces e Value assignments Operators plus and minus Page 36 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Inequalities e Correspondences consequence only e Causal Dependencies consequence only o Proportionalities o Influences 000 X UL6 CommunicatingVessels Full envisionment Scenario Editor Build File Edit Settings Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 x Figure 8 2 Use level 5 Conditional expression list 000 X ULS ConditionalKnowledge Assume equal heights Agent fragment Model Fragment Editor Build File Edit Conditions Consequences View Settings x expression fragment lea le From To i T Flow v 7 Essays Container Container right Container left Nzp gPcsitive 9 mZzero A gNegative g Contains Contains Y O L Water Water water left water right P P P 5 FE A mm Pressure Height Volume S Voiume Origi gt as ur up 1 Q AS Q Q Zpm Nf Z A Zpm Zpm W Zpm 5 Zpm PORE rm B mMaximum
42. 9 51 51 51 51 53 53 53 53 54 55 55 58 60 61 62 63 63 roJec t No 231526 D yn aLearn D3 1 14 Conclusion 64 15 Discussion 65 16 References 66 17 Appendix A Interface design intermediate from D2 1 to D3 1 67 18 Appendix B From Garp3 to DynaLearn workspaces 81 18 1 Main activities 81 18 2 Architecture 82 18 3 General 82 18 4 Use level 6 84 18 4 1 Use level 6 Build 84 18 4 2 Use level 6 Simulate 86 18 4 3 Use level 6 Specials 92 18 5 Use level 5 94 18 5 1 Use level 5 General 94 18 5 2 Use level 5 Dialogues for adding ingredients 95 18 5 3 Use level 5 Always True and Conditional Fragment 98 18 5 4 Use level 5 Simulate 100 18 5 5 Use level 5 Specials 101 18 6 Use level 4 101 18 6 1 Use level 4 Export 102 18 6 2 Use level 4 Simulate 102 18 6 3 Use level 4 Specials 102 18 7 Use level 3 103 18 7 1 Use level 3 Export 103 18 7 2 Use level 3 Simulate 104 18 7 3 Use level 3 Specials 104 18 8 Use level 2 104 18 8 1 Use level 2 Export 105 18 8 2 Use level 2 Simulate 105 18 8 3 Use level 2 Specials 106 18 9 Use level 1 106 Page 6 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn 18 10 Menu options 18 10 1 Main menu General items 18 10 2 Menu options Details 19 Appendix C GIT Software version management HOWTO 19 1 Distribute
43. B There are 6 correspondence types 12 if directedness is included Inequalities lt lt 2 gt specify an ordinal relation between two items i e that one item is different from or equal to the other item Because inequalities specify an order between items they are sometimes referred to as ordinal relations There are eleven ways to use inequalities depending on the type of the two items related by them Page 24 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 4 Concept map Use level 1 AAA The concept map use level or use level 1 is the simplest way the DynaLearn software can be used lt allows the learner to create a network of nodes connected by relationships 4 1 Representation In terms of the DynaLearn knowledge representation the following ingredients can be used in the concept map Figure 4 1 e Entities e Configurations X UL6 CommunicatingVessels Full envisionment Scenario Editor Build File Edit Ingredients View Settings q Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 4 1 The concept map Important to note is the feature to make the knowledge representation even simpler By default it is possible to add type information to concepts For example the United Kingdom is a Country However for some group of student a teacher may choose to make the representation even simpler by removing the type information this is done by clicking the Hide Supertypes options in the menu Th
44. Deliverable number Deliverable title Delivery date Submission date Leading beneficiary Status Dissemination level Authors Project number Project acronym Project title Starting date Duration Call identifier Funding scheme DynaLearn e D3 1 Multi use level workbench 2009 11 30 2010 02 28 University of Amsterdam UVA Version 07 final PU public Jochem Liem Wouter Beek and Bert Bredeweg 231526 DynaLearn DynaLearn Engaging and informed tools for learning conceptual system knowledge February 1st 2009 36 Months FP7 ICT 2007 3 Collaborative project STREP SEVENTH TRAMTWORK PEOCRAMNE f B Project No 231526 DynaLearn Abstract O The DynaLearn software allows learners to capture their ideas and investigate their logical consequences By building causal models and simulating these students develop an understanding of how systems behave DynaLearn introduces 6 use levels at which the software can be used Furthermore by working at a particular use level teachers can emphasise particular aspects of modelling a system e g causality conditional knowledge The DynaLearn software is based on the Garp3 qualitative modelling and simulation workbench but integrates the interface into a single screen adds use levels and incorporates significant improvements such as allowing multiple simulations storing selections in state graphs and saving simulations to a mo
45. S Zero a Zero a Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 9 1 Use level 6 Build Scenario editor 000 X UL6 CommunicatingVessels Model fragment definitions editor Build File Edit View Settings UL6 CommunicatingVessels ay et m SCS eret S Pr t 022 Full envisionment Overview Model fragments 2 4 Static Contained liquid cb cb cb Process Liquid flow Assume equal heights Agent Figure 9 2 Use level 6 Build Model fragment overview Page 41 126 DynaLearn a D3 1 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 000 X UL6 CommunicatingVessels Liquid flow Process fragment Model Fragment Editor Build File Edit Conditions Consequences View Settings A J e s UL6 CommunicatingVessels e lt e io AE CEET glo wma a 9 Full envisionment Liquid flow lt lube ee s es es ge 8 To I e I 6 azelo dative M tainer F m contained I efe elle od aii ENegativ Deonteiner left contained liquid a aes Contains Pa Contains s 6 Liauid q e GU ier 0 QU ien X E Po F i Heigr a Gi Voi me Quel amp G m G prsssure eignt Sollee os l 21 Zpm a lt gt Zpm EL Zpm gt ar eMax D Q eMa Zpm amp Zpm g y Max Zpm g gPlus V Plus eMax eMax 7 0 gPlus miax mZero eZero 4 gPlus gPlus eZero gPlus e Y g Zero 4 mZero g
46. S button bar all options stay in place accept for The 5 layout buttons note if we decide to keep the icons in the workspace and not have only fragment names then the layout buttons may be needed partially Properties button needs use level 5 filtering o Pull down menu File asin use level 6 accept Properties needs use level 5 filtering Edit as in use level 6 View layout options disappear details to be determined e Build General model fragment editor o lsin principle the same as Model fragment editor with the modification that all ingredients may be expressed and that they are all expressed as consequences blue o If we decide to use the type General this editor will always work with a single instance subtype of this type o LHS button bar has buttons to add all ingredient types as consequences blue However the notion of consequences should not be shown to the user o Pull down menu File asin use level 6 accept Properties needs use level 5 filtering Edit as in use level 6 accept Properties needs use level 5 filtering Conditions and Consequences gt Rename Ingredients Single list of consequences blue View as in use level 6 without Show subfragments Build Conditional model fragment editor o lsin principle the same as the regular Model fragment editor Page 99 126 o Ifwe decide to use the type Conditional this
47. Settings which is shown last and yet always present Settings may also be placed after Edit if that is easier given implementation constraints View Always active in Build and Simulate context Edit Only active in Build context Ingredient was Element in Garp3 OR Conditions amp Consequences Only active in Build context What is shown depends only the editor that is open Settings Always active in Build and Simulate context Has 2 options from Garp3 Build and the item Settings from Garp3 Simulate currently under Display Display Only active in Simulate context 18 10 2 Menu options Details Garp3 DynaLearn main screen Note Below there are options that have two versions Hide and Show Of those cases only the default is mentioned Both options should be treated in the same way It concerns Hide Show parent child relations Hide Show conditional relations and Hide Show model ingredient tooltips Page 107 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 18 10 2 1 Build Scenario editor File File Scenario properties same only if Scenario editor active Save diagram to EPS file same always present Save model to disk rename Save current model to file always present Edit scenario ingredients Edit only if Scenario editor active Delete same only if Scenario editor active new in LHS bar Properties same only if Scenario editor active Element rename Ingredient only if Scenario editor active
48. Zero Y Y 2 Y Y Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 lt gt Figure 9 3 Use level 6 Build Model fragment editor 9 2 Simulation The simulate workspace Figure 9 4 shows the state graph representing the predicted behaviour of the system In use level 6 the complete range of simulate workspaces introduced in earlier workspaces is available for the learner to use 000 X Full envisionment Simulate File View Display Settings DynaLearn STO 5 Full envisionment Path 7 11 5 x Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 gt Figure 9 4 Use level 6 Simulate State graph Page 42 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 10 Multiple simulations saving simulations and path selection In the Garp3 workbench it is only possible to run a single simulation at a time As such in Garp3 all the screens related to a simulation are closed when a new simulation is run It is therefore impossible to directly compare simulation results within the software In the DynaLearn ILE significant improvements have been made in how the software deals with simulations As such it is now possible to have multiple simulations running at the same time This makes it possible to compare simulation results coming from different scenarios of the same model It also provides the ability to run simulations of different models in the background This particular feature is important in other parts of
49. aLearn Project No 231526 at useaeu g A v 9 aw e JUNOW liO a Sulg uo2 OUTED A Y 4 bos mold CN weu J polWw opo PPV Jp Ald Figure A 3 Use level 2 Build Page 69 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 DynaLearn e a 3 c v Edit Add File BIUEBADO Figure A 4 Use level 2 Simulate showing inconsistent result Page 70 126 D3 1 DynaLearn Project No 231526 3S eJnssaJd ES AS SsuleJuOo NN Q ojequ A amp amp uie 1eu q SFADIDYM OF Purzusago u aja poob y A a MO 4 e 07 SLE Z 1 ed LETIS e Le 2 99 De Figure A 5 Use level 3 Build Page 71 126 D3 1 DynaLearn Project No 231526 A TEL LRL LT opoL PPV Jp 911 Figure A 6 Use level 3 Simulate showing State graph Page 72 126 D3 1 DynaLearn Project No 231526 A 7e o sr a V yer wdz a S o B 2497 A 037a UA Sel 0 lar 1y619H y y RE Ga gue oz ME snag O eus i junoury S 9 N Sul IIO D mo S Sui IO IO lO d eoinos esl Surejuo2 Suiejuo2 sui J9ujejuo2 sul 49urejuoy J ulpluo2 JOUIEJUOD 9 572 9 D t t i b s Aojeq UMOYS IPA 1DGAA O Bulia aj poob y OZ 9L Z L Hed e usea LIT Te opo PPY P4 elt Figure A
50. aMaximum Maximum mMaximum gPositive X pPositive gPositive gPositive xm gPositive BPositive mZero SZero a mZero Zero nmZero Aa a mZero a 2 g g Y g Y Y 4yAssume maximum heights equal Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 E Figure 8 3 Use level 5 Conditional expression workspace Page 37 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 8 2 Simulation The simulate workspace Figure 8 4 adds some new buttons in comparison to use level 4 e Show Conditional Expressions for State e Show Dependencies e Show ER Diagram Ona X Expression Simulate File View Display Settings gt 5 c e e UL5 ConditionalKnowledge M e et ub eS TEO Expression Select 210 E View SH g a Q IE Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 E Figure 8 4 Use level 5 Simulate workspace State graph The Show Conditional Expressions in State workspace Figure 8 5 shows the conditional expressions that have become active in a particular state 000 Expression Simulate File View Display Settings eS ULS ConditionalKnowiedge x a em m Ao a CEIJEIIEEHEERD esa y Expression Model fragments in state 1 Assume equal heights Container left Container right Tube Water left Water right Expression fragment Container left Container right Tube Water left Water right Expression Container left Container right Tube Water left Water right Wel
51. age 31 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 AAO X Expression Simulate File View Display Settings Eco Happiness The population Inflation The economy The economy Economic growth Wealth The population Interval 1 2 3 The population Happiness High O Medium Sort by l PE Select S AN Graph Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 6 3 Use level 3 Simulate Value history The Transition history displays how states transition into each other It shows the following ingredients e States e Transitions Furthermore for each transition the Transition history shows what is causing the transition to occur For example the magnitude of a quantity changes into the interval above its current magnitude because it had a positive derivative in a previous state Each of the transitions can be further analysed which brings up a screen that provides details about the transition Figure 6 4 front The screen containing the transition details again shows what caused the transition to occur a so called transition rule but it also shows the result of this transition rule on the current state e g condition Happiness is zero and increasing and its successor results Happiness derivative is greater than zero and Happiness is low 000 X Expression Simulate File View Display Settings DOD D 2 gt 3 to_point_above The population Happiness s im P p
52. aniel papers paper312 Daniel creates a repository adds the files and does a local commit sed home daniel papers paper312 git init sgit add i cgit commit a m Fire dratb oft paper 2127 Daniel creates a central repository in home daniel gitroot paper312 SOLE clone NL ror home daniel papers paper312 N home daniel gitroot paper312 Daniel makes it possible for other to write to the repository Schmod R 777 home daniel gitroot paper312 Sgit config core sharedRepository 0777 Daniel updates the information about this repository Sgit update server info Daniel sends the link to the repository to Richard Page 118 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Richard creates a repository to work on the paper Smkdir home richard papers paper312 cd home richard papers paper312 Sgit init Richard indicates the place of the central repository Sgit remote add central ssh richard sremote science uva nl home daniel gitroot paper312 Richard fetches the changes from the central repository and merges them with his local master branch which does not exist yet Sgit fetch central Sgit merge central master Richard makes some changes to the paper and commits to the local repository Sgit commit a m Changed the abstract and conclusions Richard pushes the changes to the central repository Sgit push central Daniel wants to continue working on the paper Daniel in
53. arge question mark X UL6 CommunicatingVessels Full envisionment Scenario Editor Build File Settings Edit Elements View ee ocial structure Society es The economy The population S 5 nomic growth P 5 Happiness P 5i am x 5 S i WN AS WWW AS lt gt Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 5 3 Simulate Ambiguous outcome on use level 2 Page 28 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 000 X UL2 BasicCausal Expression Expression fragment Model Fragment Editor Build File Settings Edit Elements View Bas j Id 2 a Gh UL2 BasicCausal B e mtm e 144448369 Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 5 3 Simulate Inconsistent outcome on use level 2 Page 29 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 6 Basic causal model with state graph Use level 3 Use level 3 augments use level 2 by providing the option to add one or more quantity spaces to a quantity These quantity spaces can be selected from a default list or created new by the learner Adding this feature has a significant impact on the simulation results and necessarily introduces concepts such as state graph behaviour path and value history 6 1 Representation The Build workspace is shown in Figure 6 1 AAA X Expression Simulate File Edit Ingredients View Settings 65 e e UL3 BasicCausalStateGraph DynaLearn TEEN Y
54. ate graph The view opens for each selected state e Tab Each view becomes a tab in the main screen e The last tab opened is actually shown e Extra feature if number of selected states gt 1 Then ask user if the view should be opened for all states choice Yes or Cancel By selecting another option in the main screen or By closing tab or By selecting another icon in LHS button bar of Simulate State graph In principle any active option is possible o Menu options none o Buttons below in the screen status bar Edit selected quantity move to LHS button bar new graphics needed Close this window remove superfluous Clicking on the ingredients in the window opens the quantity definitions editor with the focus on the selected quantity Can we keep this in place And when clicking the ingredients move to this editor in the main screen O Screen contents quantities etc Listed in the workspace of the main screen o OWLicon Open help page should be removed e Simulate view List model fragments o Open Click on icon in LHS button bar of Simulate State graph o Close The view opens for each selected state e Tab Each view becomes a tab in the main screen e The last tab opened is actually shown Extra feature if number of selected states gt 1 Then ask user if the view should be opened for all states choice Yes or Cancel By selecting another option in the main screen or By closing tab or Page 90 12
55. bar of Simulate State graph The view opens once for all selected states Tab a tab is created in the main screen for this window so that it can be re opened later on By selecting another option in the main screen or By closing tab or By selecting another icon in LHS button bar of Simulate State graph In principle any active option is possible o The value history view has a set of options e List of quantities e Sort by quantity e Sort by entity e Select all e Select none e Draw value history e Clear screen Can these stay in the position as they currently are Notice that the button bar of Simulate State graph should also be shown most LHS o Buttons below in the screen status bar Save diagram to EPS file remove already in main screen Close this window remove superfluous o Screen contents values Listed in the workspace of the main screen o OWLicon Open help page should be removed e Simulate view Equation history very similar to Value history o Open Click on icon in LHS button bar of Simulate State graph The view opens once for all selected states Page 88 126 Tab a tab is created in the main screen for this window so that it can be re opened later on By selecting another option in the main screen or By closing tab or By selecting another icon in LHS button bar of Simulate State graph In principle any active option is p
56. button bar open save models group The purpose of this task is to open a model from a file It is possible to open normal model files but also to open OWL formatted files 3 Open Model Save Model paie Sa NE The purpose of this task is to save a model to a new filename As Closes the current model This means that the current model will Close Model e be removed from the dropdown list of active models If there are unsaved changes the user will be asked to either save or discard these changes pS The purpose of this task is to start a new model in the DynaLearn New Model e workbench The new model button brings up a dialog in which a model name can be given and a use level can be chosen The next element on the general button bar is the dropdown list displaying the models that are currently loaded inside the DynaLearn workbench This allows the user to switch between models by selecting an item from this list The list is updated whenever a model is created opened or closed The purpose of this task is to save a model as a ngp file or in OWL format The next group of buttons to the right of the dropdown list in the general button bar consists of four buttons These buttons are used for accessing various sorts of metadata regarding the currently active model The functionality of these buttons is described in Table 3 2 The metadata views and features are described in chapter 11 Page 13 126 Project No 231526 DynaL
57. come to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 8 5 Use level 5 Simulate conditional expressions Page 38 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 The dependencies workspace Figure 8 6 shows all model ingredients that are either in the expression that are the result of the simulation i e value assignments or that have been introduced by active conditional expressions in a particular state The workspace allows specific relationships to be hidden in order to make insightful images for reports Expression Simulate File View Display Settings ey e e Ke eS e el et gt 1 QO0 woe b ES Expression Flow Positive y ero Negative Pressure Water left Water left Water right _ Volume Volume Pressure gt Pressure s Maximum aMaximum sMaximum Maximum i Positive 4 a Positive y Positive y Positive 4 Zero Zero Q P Zero Zero Height Maximum Positive y Zero ie 5 8 Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 SS E Figure 8 6 Use level 5 Simulate dependencies workspace The Entity Relation ER workspace Figure 8 7 shows the structure of the system in a particular state The conditional expression is shown with dashed lines X Expression Simulate File View Display Settings A A e e UL5 ConditionalKnowledge e et ub rf A Assume maximum heights equal Container right Contains Contains Welcome to Dy
58. con Open help page should be removed Simulate view List model fragments Show model fragment in context Open happens when selected in List model fragments Tab no tab is created for this view in the main screen Note this view is a kind of dependency view By selecting another option in the main screen or By selecting another icon in LHS button bar of Simulate State graph In principle any active option is possible Menu options none Buttons below in the screen status bar e Change layout entities move to LHS button bar new graphics needed e Change layout quantities move to LHS button bar new graphics needed Zoom in move to LHS button bar new graphics needed Zoom out move to LHS button bar new graphics needed e Save diagram to EPS file remove already in main screen Close this window remove superfluous Screen contents MF details Listed in the workspace of the main screen Page 91 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 OWL icon Open help page should be removed o Simulate view List model fragments Edit selected model fragment Open happens when selected in List model fragments Opens regular MF editor for selected model fragment o See Build Model fragment editor 18 4 3 Use level 6 Specials e Pull down list for Scenarios names or Model fragment names LHS top main screen o Main goal of this list is to provide an ea
59. d Version Management using Git 19 2 Git Documentation Linux Windows MacOSX 19 3 Setting up Git 19 3 1 Setting up Git at the UVA FNWI Linux Windows MacOSX 19 3 2 Setting up Git on Linux 19 3 3 Setting up Git on Windows 19 3 4 Setting up Git on MacOSX 19 3 5 Setting up Git Continued Linux Windows MacOSX 19 4 Version Management using Git Linux MacOS X Windows 19 4 1 Infrastructure and Permissions Basics 19 4 2 Distributed Version Management using Git 19 4 3 Version Management using a Central Repository 19 5 Issues with Laptops and Windows 19 6 Migrating from Subversion 19 7 DynaLearn Garp3 and Git 19 7 1 Latest Development Version of Garp3 19 7 2 Developing Garp3 19 8 Acknowledgements Page 7 126 106 106 107 114 114 114 115 115 115 115 115 115 116 116 117 118 119 120 120 120 121 124 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 1 Introduction C Qualitative Reasoning QR provides means to express conceptual knowledge such as system structure causality conditions for processes to start and finish assumptions and conditions under which facts are true qualitative distinct behaviours etc Qualitative models provide formal means to externalise thought on such conceptual notions However building qualitative models is difficult and hampered by the lack of easy to use tools This document describes the DynaLearn Interactive Learning Environment ILE The functi
60. d simulation Ecological Informatics 4 5 6 pp 263 28 Bredeweg B ed Andr E Bee N B hling R G mez P rez J M H ring M Liem J Linnebank F Thanh Tu Nguyen B Trna M and Wifsner M 2009 Technical design and architecture DynaLearn EC FP7 STREP Project no 231526 Deliverable D2 1 Forbus K D Carney K Harris R and Sherin B L 2001 A qualitative modeling environment for middle school students A progress report The 15 International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning San Antonio Texas 17 18 May Leelawong K and Biswas G 2008 Designing Learning by Teaching Agents The Betty s Brain System Artificial Intelligence in Education 18 3 pp 181 208 Novak J D and Gowin D B 1984 Learning How to Learn Cambridge University Press New York New York J D Page 66 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn 17 Appendix A Interface design intermediate from D2 1 to D3 1 E d en ce gt e gt E bel hatever is shown Model name Add To do u p E t e 5 2 bh 2 x Figure A 1 Design main interface Page 67 126 D3 1 D3 1 DynaLearn Project No 231526 enssead 91n E9J SEH iu amp ieu soseaJou saseaJou ju nouv 8unjeaj SEH ainjeay SEH 19 A O sulejuog souleyuog _ aweu polN PPV upg Ald Figure A 2 Use level 1 Build Page 68 126 D3 1 Dyn
61. daniel Richard retrieves the changes from Daniel s repository and merges his master branch with Daniel s master branch Sgit fetch daniel Sgit merge daniel master To collaborate with another student Sam Richard and Daniel both send their repository URLs to Sam Sam sends his repository URL to Richard and Daniel To create the latest version of the paper Richard and Sam both indicate where Sam s repository is they need to fetch the latest version from both collaborators and merge with both of their latest versions Note that it is possible to mix the distributed approach with the central repository approach below That is each collaborator would have a central bare repository on a web server somewhere A working repository based on the central repository is created on the computer on which the versioned files are edited The URL of the central repository is given to collaborators 19 4 3 Version Management using a Central Repository Consider that Richard and Daniel both have SSH access In this case they can choose to collaborate using a central repository Central repositories are bare repositories which are repositories without a checkout This prevents conflicts e g edits on the same line in files in the central repository Conflicts should instead be solved locally Therefore you can only push to a central repository if you have the latest version of the files in the repository Daniel has his paper in home d
62. ddle top main screen not applicable superfluous e Tab not applicable superfluous e Clone as in use level 3 but not in fact superfluous 18 9 Use level 1 How to adapt DynaLearn use level 2 details to accommodate use level 1 e Build Creating and adding Entities as in use level 3 o But ingredient icon is different this requires some adaptation Dialogues Display in main screen e Build Creating and adding Configurations as in use level 3 e No other Build features are available e There is no Export to Simulate e None of the Simulate features is available 18 10 Menu options Approach Some options fixed always present and others change depending on the context 18 10 1 Main menu General items File Open model from file formats hgp owl Save current model to file formats hgp owl legacy Save current model to new file formats hgp owl legacy Delete current model Start new model horizontal line Save diagram to EPS file horizontal line Page 106 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Quit Issue can we easily change the main menu options themselves also Thus whether Edit as such is sometimes shown and sometimes not Or should the top list always be the same and only its contents change Below we assume that the top categories change therefore the order is slightly different from Garp3 Build such that the always shown options are listed first accept for
63. decrease steady increase ambiguous because of opposing influences or unknown because of missing information This use level relates to the representational approach taken in 4 The use level basic causal model with state graph augments the basic causal model level with the notion of a quantity space which can be assigned to one or more quantities Adding this Page 10 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 feature has a significant impact on the simulation results and necessarily introduces concepts such as state graph behaviour path and value history The use level causal differentiation takes all details defined for the basic causal model with state graph and refines certain notions particularly those related to causality Different from the preceding use level is that the notion of exogenous quantity behaviour is included in the default setting Also included in the default setting is the idea of an agent The representational approach taken in 5 covers a subset of the vocabulary available at this use level The use level conditional knowledge is a refinement of the causal differentiation level All representation details apply as they do for this preceding level The main difference is the possibility to specify conditions under which specific set of details are true In the preceding use levels all the expressions created by a learner are always true However some facts e g the process of evaporation only occur when ce
64. del Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Anders Bouwer Floris Linnebank and Jan Wielemaker for their insightful suggestions and support in the implementation Paulo Salles for creative discussions on use levels and qualitative system dynamics and for providing feedback on an earlier draft Dirk Bertels for support with the design of the interface and Jorge Gracia del R o for giving feedback on an earlier draft Page 2 126 roJec t No 231526 D yn aLearn D3 1 Document History Modification s Date Author s Basic outline Initial content 2010 02 21 B Bredeweg First draft of 10 12 and 13 and more 2010 02 23 J Liem amp W Beek Chapters 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2010 02 24 W Beek amp J Liem 06 Processing internal review 2910 0227 W Beek amp J Liem Page 3 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn Contents Abstract Acknowledgements Document History Contents 1 Introduction 2 Learning spaces Use levels 3 Interface Main features 3 1 Title bar 3 2 Menu bar 3 3 General button bar 3 4 Action button bar 3 5 Navigation bar 3 6 Workspaces 3 7 Content button bar 3 8 Colour coding 3 9 Content window 4 Concept map Use level 1 4 1 Representation 5 Basic causal model Use level 2 5 1 Representation 5 2 Simulation 6 Basic causal model with state graph Use level 3 6 1 Representation 6 2 Simulation 7 Causal differentiation Use leve
65. described in Table 3 6 Page 17 126 Action Show Value History Show Equation History Show Dependencies Show Quantity Values Show Modelling Ingredients List Model Table 3 6 Action button bar access simulation workspaces Button Icon Description The value history shows the values quantities go through in a series of selected states The value histories are shown per quantity The Equation history shows a diagram of inequality equation values in each of the currently selected states and for each of the quantities The purpose of this workspace is to inspect all the relationships involving entities and quantities dependencies that hold in a selected state of the simulation state graph The purpose of this workspace is to inspect the values of all the quantities in a selected state of the simulation state graph The modelling ingredients workspace lets the user inspect the structure of the entities configurations and attributes in the currently selected state s of the simulation state graph The model fragments list enumerates the model fragments that are active in the currently selected state s of the simulation state Fragments graph Load Save Simulations The load save simulations workspace allows for the current simulation to be saved or a saved simulation to be loaded Depending on the use level that the user is in a different collection of acti
66. dicates the place of the central repository Sgit remote add central home daniel gitroot paper312 Daniel fetches the changes from the central repository and merges his master branch with the master branch on the central repository Sgit fetch central Sgit merge central master 19 5 Issues with Laptops and Windows People with Windows computers at home probably have neither SSH access nor a HTTP server running on their computer As such getting changes from repositories is difficult in the distributed version management workflow Laptops have a similar issue Changes are difficult to get from laptops due to their changing IP address depending on the wireless network As such repositories do not have a stable URL One possible solution is to have your own central bare repository to which you push your changes You give the link to this repository to your collaborators They pull your changes from this central repository Page 119 126 19 6 Migrating from Subversion If you want to migrate your own repositories from Subversion to Git heed the following advice Do not try to migrate using git svn alone Compile the latest version of Git we had some broken branches in our repository due to an outdated version of git svn and use the svn2git script 12 to migrate the repository 19 7 DynaLearn Garp3 and Git The Garp3 codebase is versioned using Git Depending on your goals there ar
67. e in order to keep the many different changes apart e Each change is performed directly upon a single object There may be a lot of additional objects that are affected indirectly by the change i e the route The different types of change requestors have different numbers and types of arguments So these need to be stored as well Page 55 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 e Since not all changes are allowed to be applied to all objects specific feedback as to why this is so must be assembled For each type there are different methods for checking applying and handling changes Therefore the specific methods for these three operations are stored locally as checkMethod applyMethod and appliedMethod e Since the removal of a single modelling ingredient might have repercussions for other ingredients as well the autoFreeList of objects that are to be freed after all changes have been applied is kept track of ChangeRequestor type Name Object Object editor appFrameContent arguments Chain route Chain checkMethod Name appliedMethod Name autoFreeList Chain silent Boolean nofeedback Boolean islmpossibleChanger Figure 13 1 Class description for the change requestor The algorithmic heart of the change requestor consists of the go method and all subservient methods that are called by it see Figure 13 2 The go method orchestrates the routeRequest method that verifies
68. e Undo changes gt Cancel amp close Add quantity space dialogue Close remove superfluous o Default quantity spaces to be added in addition to Mzp m P Plus Zp Zero Plus Zpm Zero Plus Max Zsmi Zero Small Medium Large Zsmlm Zero Small Medium Large Max Zlah Zero Low Average High Zlahm Zero Low Average High Max Zich Zero Low Critical High Zlchm Zero Low Critical High Max 18 5 3 Use level 5 Always True and Conditional Fragment e Atuselevel 6 four view editors exist o Build Scenario definitions editor Build Model fragment definitions editor Build Scenario editor Build Model fragment editor At use level 5 they are re organised into three view editors discussed below Build Conditional model fragment definitions editor Build General model fragment editor Build Condition model fragment editor O O O O Toaccommodate the filters at use level 5 it makes sense to introduce a new model fragment type Expression o This model fragment should in principle allow for all ingredients to be created as Conditions or Consequences details depend on use level Should it therefore be a subtype of the model fragment type Agent which includes all ingredients but not all as Condition and as Consequence Orshoulditbea new top level item next to Agent Static and Process Page 98 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 o Having this add
69. e alternative ways to interact with Git The following three use cases should cover most goals 1 Always have the latest version of Garp3 or one of the development branches 2 Develop Garp3 or one of the development branches 3 Develop Garp3 as a UVA employee or one of the development branches UVA employees use our central Garp3 repository while others use our public Garp3 repository UVA employees can access the repository using their normal username and password The public Garp3 repository is password protected using HTTP Basic Authentication Git uses the curl library to connect to repositories accessed via HTTP To get access to the public Garp3 repository a netrc file Linux MacOSX or netrc Windows file has to be created in your home directory This file specifies the username and password to connect to the password protected Garp3 repository The contents of this file should be machine staff science uva nl login developer password G3qmsw qr machine www science uva nl login developer password G3qmsw qr Important The UVA is bound by contractual agreements not to publicly disseminate development versions of Garp3 If you want to work on Garp3 and want to make the repository available via the web you are required to shield the repository using HTTP Basic Authentication 1 Make sure to notify the UVA of the URL username and password if you want us to integrate your changes in our Garp3 development tree 19 7 1 Latest Deve
70. e dialogs to add entities and configurations are adapted to not show the type information The concept map without type information is shown in Figure 4 2 Note that this option is also available in user levels 2 to 5 At use level 1 no simulations can be run n this example United Kingdom is the concept name and Country is its type Page 25 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn 000 X UL2 BasicCausal Expression Expression fragment Model Fragment Editor Build File Edit Ingredients View Settings Tx ES A UL1 ConceptMap 7 m AR me o Om University of hull Paulo salles Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 4 2 The concept map without type information Page 26 126 D3 1 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 5 Basic causal model Use level 2 5 5 5 h h h j l h h h h l l l O The basic causal model use level or use level 2 is the first use level in which simulation can be run 5 1 Representation The Build workspace is shown in Figure 5 1 AOA X UL6 CommunicatingVessels Full envisionment Scenario Editor Build File Edit Ingredients View Settings articipates in ocial structure La 38 eb The economy Society Li The population ae E _ nn c Wealth c SP I ion 2 a Y lt c 6 2 so Y Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 5 1 Use level 2 Build workspace Learners can express conceptual models using the following
71. e level 5 which were based on the expression fragment model fragments in use level 6 can be created independently Another addition in use level 6 is the ability to organize model fragments into a subtype hierarchy Figure 9 2 Moreover model fragments can be imported into other model fragments The model fragment workspace Figure 9 3 shows the Liquid Flow model fragment using the imported Contained Liquid model fragment twice and introducing a set of new ingredients In the model fragment editor the following ingredients can be used as both conditions and consequences unless specified otherwise Entities Agents e Assumptions only conditional e Configurations Page 40 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn e Quantities including quantity spaces e Value assignments Operators plus and minus Inequalities e Correspondences consequences only e Causal Dependencies consequences only o Proportionalities o Influences Model fragments conditions only e Identity relationships 000 X UL6 CommunicatingVessels Full envisionment Scenario Editor Build File Edit Ingredients View Settings e e UL6 CommunicatingVessels TEES 3 4 41 2 m geese i gt BS t gt z Full envisionment x Liquid flow x ss dy Assume equal heights TE Container Contalner right x aes Water right Z Height Height dX aa 6 sia gPlus gPlus E
72. e transition history should also close remove those detailed windows as it currently happens in Garp3 O Screen contents transitions Listed in the workspace of the main screen o OWLicon Open help page should be removed e Simulate view Show entities configurations and attributes o Open Click on icon in LHS button bar of Simulate State graph The view opens for each selected state e Tab Each view becomes a tab in the main screen Page 89 126 DynaLearn D3 1 Thelasttab opened is actually shown Extra feature if number of selected states gt 1 Then ask user if the view should be opened for all states choice Yes or Cancel By selecting another option in the main screen or By closing tab or By selecting another icon in LHS button bar of Simulate State graph In principle any active option is possible o Menu options none o Buttons below in the screen status bar Change layout entities move to LHS button bar new graphics needed Zoom in move to LHS button bar new graphics needed Zoom out move to LHS button bar new graphics needed Save diagram to EPS file remove already in main screen Close this window remove superfluous o Screen contents structure details Listed in the workspace of the main screen o OWLicon Open help page should be removed e Simulate view Show quantity values o Open Click on icon in LHS button bar of Simulate St
73. earn D3 1 Table 3 2 General button bar Accessing metadata group Abstract and General remarks The purpose of this task is to add abstract and general remarks to the model metadata such as information that explains something about the model goals and or about the intended audience General The purpose of this task is to add general information to the model Informal metadata Status and Bug Reports The purpose of this task is to add status reports about the model in order to keep track of known problems and solving them The purpose of this task is to add version information about the Model Data model to the metadata The last element on the general button bar is the right most button that is used for printing the information that is currently displayed inside the content window see Section 3 8 The general button bar is the same in all use levels 3 4 Action button bar Right below the general button bar the action button bar is shown see Figure 3 3 Globally the buttons can be grouped into two categories the ones used to build a model and those used to run simulations with the model edit definitions edit model fragments 17 0 5 12 7 3 9 9 is buildbuttons simulate buttons Figure 3 3 Action button bar showing the buttons for building models to the left edit definitions and edit model fragments and the buttons for running viewing and simulations on the right There are two gro
74. eckout AutomaticModelBuilding git merge uva AutomaticModelBuilding Push the changes to your public repository Sgit push origin Developing Garp3 as a UVA employee If you are a UVA employee with SSH access to mremote science uva nl you can use the Garp3 central repository Create a clone of the central repository and create a master branch Smkdir Garp3 git cd Garp3 git Pgat INTE Sgit remote add central ssh user mremote science uva nl home jliem gitroot Garp3 git Sgit fetch central Page 123 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Sgit merge central master After making changes you can commit them locally and push them to the central repository egit commit a m Changed A B and C Sgit push central If you like to work on another branch create a local branch with the same name first git checkout b AutomaticModelBuilding central AutomaticModelBuilding Again you can do development and commit To get changes made by others merge your master branch with the master branch on the central repository Sgit fetch central Sgit merge central AutomaticModelBuildin 19 8 Acknowledgements Many thanks to Jeroen Roodhart for manually installing Git on the mremote sremote Solaris machines and to Adri Bon for installing Git on all the Education Research Linux Machines 1 http en wikipedia org wiki Revision control 2 http git scm com 3 http www kernel org pub software scm git docs gittutorial html 4 http
75. ed below using the use case in which Richard staff member and Daniel student are working together on a paper 19 4 1 Infrastructure and Permissions Basics In order for Richard and Daniel to collaborate using Git they must make their repositories available to each other Git allows multiple protocols including SSH and HTTP The central repository workflow cannot normally be used over HTTP since it does not allow files to be written from a client As such Richard and Daniel do not both have access to a single computer over SSH they have to use a distributed versioning model over HTTP Note that this makes the repository public to the entire internet unless HTTP Basic Authentication 11 is used However this type of authentication is relatively insecure Passwords are sent as plain text over the web When using the distributed workflow with SSH both Richard and Daniel have to have access to the same computer Furthermore they need to set the permissions of their repository to both read and execute chmod R 750 if they are in the same group and chmod R 755 if they are not in the same group Note that this also makes the repository available to other users on the system either everyone in the same group or everyone on the system When using the central repository workflow with SSH both Richard and Daniel have to have access to the same computer Furthermore the person running the central repository has to give full permissio
76. ed path Note Discussed elsewhere in this document e Simulate view Show dependencies o Open Click on icon in LHS button bar of Simulate State graph The view opens for each selected state e Tab Each view becomes a tab in the main screen e The last tab opened is actually shown e Extra feature if number of selected states gt 1 Then ask user if the view should be opened for all states choice Yes or Cancel o Close Page 87 126 By selecting another option in the main screen or By closing tab or By selecting another icon in LHS button bar of Simulate State graph In principle any active option is possible o LHS button bar show hide ingredients should move to the LHS button bar main screen Notice that the button bar of Simulate State graph should also be shown most LHS o Menu options none o Buttons below in the screen status bar Change layout entities move to LHS button bar new graphics needed Change layout quantities move to LHS button bar new graphics needed Zoom in move to LHS button bar new graphics needed Zoom out move to LHS button bar new graphics needed Save diagram to EPS file remove already in main screen Close this window remove superfluous O Screen contents dependencies Listed in the workspace of the main screen o OWLicon Open help page should be removed e Simulate view Value history o Open Click on icon in LHS button
77. ed state graphs should be deleted but ask user to confirm If user says no the model cannot be changed How to implement this feature Locate with each editor e Activate option upon saving model to file users can then select to save to a new file Save as and their older results will stay intact at the original file o Howto fill the current list space with state numbers n principle we want to reuse the options available in Garp3 notably Selected states Selected Path bottom state graph screen The hope is that we can merge these ideas and handle them as one namely by applying the following rule fapath has been found path list is not empty show path ignoring which states the user actually selected fapath has not been found path list is empty shown selected states if any o Itseems relevant to keep the Selected states Selected Path as they currently are in Garp3 but now listed in the main screen bottom when the state graph view is active that is there is a simulation But is this possible in the status bar e Tab to obtain requirements work out details after users have used DynaLearn software o Acombination of a Path or a set of states and a view o Tabs always live within a single simulation context e Clone to obtain requirements work out details after users have used DynaLearn software o Being able to duplicate the main screen No limitation allow as many copies as a
78. eded to open the only model fragment in this model namely General Note that the notion of model fragment is fully hidden the user at this use level 18 6 1 Use level 4 Export e Export model to Simulate as in use level 5 o From General model fragment to Scenario Entity e Configuration e Agent e Assumption e Quantity e Quantity space Magnitude Value assignment e Derivative Value assignment n equality General model fragment subtype of Expression e All contents but without o Magnitude Value assignment o Derivative Value assignment o In equality 18 6 2 Use level 4 Simulate e Simulate State graph as in use level 5 e Simulate view Show dependencies could be as in use level 5 but superfluous e Simulate view Value history as in use level 5 e Simulate view Equation history as in use level 5 e Simulate view Transition history as in use level 5 e Simulate view Show entities configurations and attributes could be as in use level 5 but superfluous e Simulate view Show quantity values as in use level 5 e Simulate view List model fragments not applicable superfluous 18 6 3 Use level 4 Specials Pull down list for Scenarios names or Model fragment names LHS top main screen o Notapplicable Page 102 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Pull down list for paths Middle top main sc
79. eed to install a software package to use git called msysgit 7 This provides them with a Git shell in which they can type the relevant commands There is currently a graphical layer being developed to be used on top of msysgit called tortoisegit 8 but the maturity of this tool unclear at the time of writing Note that msysgit automatically replaces Unix newlines to Windows newlines or to other way around by default As a result doing a checkout action can result in modified files immediately To change this behaviour do Sgit config core autocrlf false 19 3 4 Setting up Git on MacOSX MacOSX users can install Git via MacPorts 9 After installing MacPorts install Git using the following command in the terminal sudo port selfupdate sudo port sync sudo port install git core 19 3 5 Setting up Git Continued Linux Windows MacOSxX Page 115 126 You can set your username and email address using git config This information will be stored with the changes you commit to repositories git config global user name Jochem Liem Sgit config global user email J Liemtuva nl 19 4 Version Management using Git Linux MacOSX Windows As mentioned before Git is a distributed version management system lt supports both the traditional version management workflow with a central repository and a distributed way of version management or combinations of both Both workflows are explain
80. en simulating looping because of multiple unifications based on instances having equal type Buttons from old to new Entity hierarchy editor read top to bottom amp left to right Add entity to hierarchy gt Add entity Copy selected entity New similar as in other dialogues of this kind at use level 5 Note not present in Garp3 Delete entity from hierarchy gt Delete selected entity close dialogue Show properties remove superfluous 3x layout icons remove because not needed for list Add a new entity Apply changes gt Save changes amp close dialogue Open attribute definitions editor remove Cancel changes gt Cancel amp close dialogue Note From the two Remarks fields only one should stay Note Layout should become similar to that of the other add ingredients dialogues roughly local buttons on the right global buttons at the bottom Filter details User created Entities are all stored directly under the top node in the hierarchy these top nodes are Entity Agent and Assumption The user does not see or have access to the top nodes The user sees only a flat list in alphabetic order e Build Creating and adding Attributes Basis idea see general text at the beginning of use level 5 text Two dialogues are involved whose functionality should be merge into a single O O O dialogue Attribute definitions editor level 6 main screen Add a new a
81. esentations of the phenomena they perceive when observing the behaviour of a real world system Moreover what learners express using the software will have consequences for what the software can infer Hence learners can be confronted with the logical consequences of their expressions which either may or may not match the observed system behaviour or their expectations thereof Particularly in the case of mismatch there is ample room for interactive learning Progression between use levels happens by augmenting the current level with the smallest subset of possible modelling ingredients again ensuring that the next level is self contained The formal context and starting point for developing the use levels is Garp3 1 2 Figure 2 1 Schematic representation of the six use levels in DynaLearn Notice dec Decreasing std Steady inc Increasing q values Qualitative values MF Model fragment Page 9 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Table 2 1 Overview of modelling ingredients in the DynaLearn software The levels are cumulative details from lower levels are also present at higher levels Learners create a single expression at use levels 1 to 4 At use level 5 one or more conditional expression can be added to that At use level 6 learners may create multiple expressions including a scenario 1 Concept map e Entities e Configurations Causal model Attributes e Quantities e Value as
82. ete etc ingredients within the editor remain as in Garp3 Editor contents List of scenario names Listed in the workspace of the main screen Future option show the scenarios by icons OWL icon Open help page should be removed Build Model fragment definitions editor Page 85 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 o Open Click on icon in main screen o Close by selecting another option in the main screen In principle any active option is possible o LHS button bar should move to the LHS button bar main screen Some options disappear Edit selected model fragment because already in main screen top level options and it can also be done by double clicking on the icon of the wanted MF o Menu options see elsewhere in this document o Dialogues to Add Delete etc ingredients within the editor remain as in Garp3 o Editor contents hierarchy of Model fragments Listed in the workspace of the main screen o OWLicon Open help page should be removed Build Scenario editor o Open Click on icon in main screen o Close by selecting another option in the main screen In principle any active option is possible o LHS button bar should move to the LHS button bar main screen Add the Delete icon Menu options see elsewhere in this document Dialogues to Add Delete etc ingredients within the editor remain as in Garp3 Editor contents Scenario ingredients Listed in the workspace
83. filled but right is higher Simulate Vi m MO BS old Bes ot ot rs eo a Both tanks partially filled but left is higher w States 1 3 2 4 s Om ai Og Path 1 2 z Select Path 1 3 2 Ao 85 0 ae oe ae s 12 Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 10 1 A number of saved state selections State selections that make up a path in the state graph are identified as such in the list 10 3 Saving simulation results In the simulate environment the save load simulation button creates a dialog in which simulations can be saved or loaded Figure 10 2 If there is no active simulation there is nothing to save so the lower part of the dialog is not shown In that case saved simulations can only be loaded When there is an active simulation this simulation can be saved by giving it a name and pressing the ok button The delete button allows saved simulations to be removed Page 44 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 A new feature in DynaLearn is the ability to simulate all scenarios and save the resulting simulations to the model Figure 10 2 shows the results of running and saving all simulations in a communicating vessels model NAL N Save Load simulations Saved simulations Both tanks partially filled with equal heights Both tanks partially filled but right is higher acp Both tanks partially filled but left is higher Selecta saved simulation to overwrite or type
84. found on http www science uva nl jliem versionmanagement 19 1 Distributed Version Management using Git Version management 1 also called revision or source code control allows users to manage the changes to documents source code or other files Version management is often used in software engineering as it allows multiple authors to work on the same files simultaneously and easily integrate their mutual changes In traditional version management systems such as CVS and Subversion there is a central place in which the current version of the files and their change history is stored which called a repository Users obtain the latest version from this repository which is called a working copy or checkout After editing the files in the working copy the changes can be committed to the central repository Versioning systems also allow branching or forking of development Conceptually a branch is a copy of the files under version management that allows these files to be developed independently from other branches As such the initial files put in the version management can be considered a branch Branches are typically used to develop new features separately so that the new features bug fixes do not conflict with the existing stable codebase When development of such a feature is done the branch is merged back to the branch from which it was forked The new version management tool available at the UVA is Git 2 Git is used by
85. g the cancel option Typical fields areas in the dialogues O List with names of all ingredients scrollable Page 94 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 o Area with the name of the ingredient selected in the list editable o Remarksarea for free text associated to the selected ingredient editable o Note that Attribute and Quantity have nested lists because these ingredient types also require to an ingredient from another list quantity space and values respectively Opening dialogue o Clicking on the associated button in the button bar in the main screen LHS opens the dialogue Possible improvement In Garp3 dialogues open with the top list item being selected in focus It would be better if the dialogue would open with nothing selected similar to the status after the new button is clicked in the dialogues in Garp3 so that the user can start typing the ingredient name directly o Clicking on the associated ingredient in the main screen also opens the dialogue in this case with the selection in focus e Closing dialogue o Adialogue is closed after a user action is completed These actions are Creating new and adding Selecting old and adding Deleting Changing properties Name and or Remark and Cancel e Condition and Consequence o This distinction is relevant when creating a conditional expression It plays no role when users create the always true
86. he text that is displayed in the title bar Section 3 1 2 The actions that are displayed in the menu bar Section 3 2 3 The modelling ingredients that are displayed in the dropdown lists inside the navigation bar Section 3 5 4 The buttons that are shown in the content button bar Section 3 7 5 What is shown in the contents window Section 3 8 3 Content button bar As discussed above what fills the content button bar depends on the currently opened view The items that are shown when the hierarchy view is active are described in Table 3 7 Table 3 7 Buttons for the content button bar of the view editor a s eee Adds a new definition This is used for adding new entities Add New i l gt l aee configurations quantities quantity spaces assumptions agents Definition scenarios expression fragments and model fragments Open Displays the properties of the currently selected ingredient showing Definition its name remarks as well as definition type specific information e g Properties the parent type to which an entity definition belongs Copy wem Definition Creates a copy of the selected definition Remove s Removes the currently selected definition Definition If the content view is active then the items enumerated in Table 3 8 are shown in the content button bar Which specific buttons are displayed depends on the active use level These distinctions will therefore be discussed in Chapters
87. he user community particularly within the DynaLearn project Additional features could include Integration of the OWL import export functionality Copy paste functionality for the new and improved data structures Switching between use levels and support upgrading of an expression to the next use level Display the contents from different views side by side screen cloning e Provide tabs to store views on simulation results and be able to quickly switch between these In addition to implementing further details it is expected that users of the software will provide feedback on software bugs if any Following this the stable release of the software and its current list of features is expected within a few months after the release of the beta version Once the stable version of the DynaLearn software is available Garp3 http www Garp3 org users may consider moving to the DynaLearn software http www DynaLearn eu due to its enhanced usability and additional features Page 65 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 16 References 1 2 3 5 6 7 Bredeweg B and Salles P Mediating conceptual knowledge using qualitative reasoning 2009 In Jorgensen S V Chon T S Recknagel F A Eds Handbook of Ecological Modelling and Informatics Wit Press Southampton UK pp 351 398 Bredeweg B Linnebank F Bouwer A and Liem J 2009 Garp3 Workbench for qualitative modelling an
88. his knowledge to predict the next states of behaviour Page 61 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 In DynaLearn in use level 2 5 there is only an expression and conditional expressions in use level 5 As such to be able to use the reasoning engine from Garp3 the expression has to be divided into a scenario and a model fragment part Since the reasoning engine uses its own internal representation we have decided to update the export functionality that writes the model to the reasoning engine representation 13 4 1 Expression export to model fragment and scenario part The following lists enumerate which ingredients are exported to the scenario part of the expression and which parts are exported to the model fragment part The ingredients are colour coded Blue indicates that the ingredients are exported as consequences while red means that they are exported as conditions By making the structure entities agents assumptions configurations and attributes conditional in the model fragment and consequential in the scenario we make sure that the model fragment part always fires on the scenario part Scenario e Entities e Agents e Assumptions e Configurations Attributes Quantities e Value Assignments e Inequalities Correspondences and causal dependencies are not exported to the scenario Model fragment Entities Agents e Assumptions e Configurations Attributes Quantities e Causal dependencies
89. iew Value history as in use level 6 e Simulate view Equation history as in use level 6 e Simulate view Transition history as in use level 6 Page 100 126 DynaLearn D3 1 Simulate view Show entities configurations and attributes as in use level 6 but superfluous Simulate view Show quantity values as in use level 6 Simulate view List model fragments as in use level 6 O O This can be simplified by showing only the list of fragment names that have applied in each of the states and hiding most of the options enumerated below On the other hand if the fragment types General and Conditional are imbedded correctly within the existing MF types all these use level 6 details should also work correctly at use level 5 So what to do here depends on choices made earlier concerning the approach to this use level Ideally everything would simply stay as it is used at use level 6 requiring no extra work here Simulate view List model fragments Show model fragment in legacy mode option hide make unavailable Simulate view List model fragments Show model fragment in context option hide make unavailable Simulate view List model fragments Edit selected model fragment 18 5 5 Use level 5 Specials Pull down list for Scenarios names or Model fragment names LHS top main screen O O This list will only show the Conditional model fragments The overa
90. information about the model See Figure 11 2 There are four categories e Abstract information e Intended audience Model goals e General remarks w Vm gm ziteketal2009modelb m AL A ro 2 0 8 17529 7 41 eee 00 i k b BES si t gt eo Overview Scenarios Overview Model fragments Oy Oy Oy OH Abstract Intended audience Model goals General remarks odel B Hydropower production and sensitive fish species explores portant problems related to hydropower use in the Kamp valley and its effect on fish see the causal model in Fig 9 Additionally the aspect of energy production consumed energy and energy sold is modelled together with stakeholder satisfaction to represent the causal principle behind the tendency of the owners of hydropower plants to creation of a residual orminimumflowstretchwith the related effects to the physical environment loss of water loss of flow velocity reduction of depth and increase of water temperature and 2 the storage of water in a reservoir and a constant or peaking release of water from hypolimnetic parts of the reservoir leading to decreased temperatures below the reservoir The decreased temperatures generally favour cold water species and repress the reproduction ofwarmwater species If the water is on the one hand released at a constant rate this destroys mainly the natural flow regime of a river if released in a peaking mode hydropea
91. ingredients Entity e Attribute e Configuration e Quantity e Quantity space o Derivative e Value assignment o Derivative e Causal dependency plus and minus Page 27 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 5 2 Simulation By pressing the simulate button in the expression workspace a simulation is performed The visualisation is almost identical to the Build workspace As shown in Figure 5 2 only the values assigned in the Build editor are greyed out as in Economic growth and Inflation and the derived values are added using a blue coloured value assignment as in Wealth and Happiness X UL6 CommunicatingVessels Full envisionment Scenario Editor Build File Settings Edit Elements View es ocial structure Society The economy The population v S E nomic growth NE Happiness BH E 9 uy g 5 Wealth C O 3 SQ a o uU lt gt AS lt gt Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 5 2 Simulate The simulation on use level 2 It is possible to have ambiguous results and inconsistent results for a simulation Ambiguous means that there are multiple possible values for a quantity This is visualised using multiple value assignments Wealth and Happiness in Figure 5 3 Inconsistency means that the assigned values Economic growth Inflation and Wealth in Figure 5 4 contradict the values derived by the simulator This is visualised using a l
92. ios and model fragments That is everything is a consequence in the sense that everything in an expression always applies as is the case in scenarios However in an expression causal dependencies and correspondences can also be used which normally only possible in other subclasses of model fragment When performing a simulation the expression is divided into a model fragment and a scenario part Section 13 4 Similar to the scenario class the expression class reuses code from the model fragment class Because there can be an arbitrary number of views on the same model the results of any changes that are made to the model must be propagated throughout the various views This is done by incorporating the application stack in the handling of the change requestor See section 13 2 Page 60 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 In use level 5 it becomes possible to specify conditional knowledge in addition to the expression This knowledge is specified in conditional expressions These conditional expressions incorporate the expression but allow new conditions and consequences to be added For example to indicate that the boiling process is only active when the water temperature is bigger or equal to the boiling point In the implementation the conditional expressions are subclasses of the Agent Fragment although this fact is hidden from the learner This allows learners to use the complete spectrum of ingredients in them The Expression
93. itional type is essential for discriminating this fragment from other fragments later on e g for the export via OWL and repository storage and it can also be given unique behaviour o Note that if a new type is defined as opposed to a subtype of Agent this should be accommodated for in the software at some places e g the engine should be augmented to also search for Expression these adaptations are probably simple o Note that this new type can be used also for level 2 3 and 4 o The General model fragment always true should be of type Expression Shall we refer to this fragment as General o Each Conditional model fragment should be a direct subtype of this General model fragment such that these subtypes inherit the contents of the super type and the conditional details can be placed in the context of the always true expression Shall we refer to this fragment as Conditional Build Conditional model fragment definitions editor o Isin principle the same as Model fragment definitions editor with the limitation that users should only see the names of the Conditional fragments they have created and none of top level model fragments nodes such a Static Process Agent and Expression and also not the always true expression General Hence it seems best to use a simple list of names using alphabetic order and not use a graphical approach with icons to show the conditional model fragments created by the user o LH
94. king it affects fish mainly due to the frequent changes of habitat conditions Therefore model B focuses on Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 11 2 Meta data general information Page 48 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 11 3 Status and bug report The purpose of this view is to add updated status reports about the model in order to keep track of known problems and solving them See Figure 11 3 A single model can have an arbitrary number of such reports identifiable due to unique report IDs The fields are Report ID Name Priority Date e Reported by e Status Todo Fixes Description MAS aM ADA slo mp Overview Scenarios Overview Model fragments Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 11 3 Meta data status and bug report 11 4 Model data The purpose of this view is to add version and update information about the model See Figure 11 4 The fields are Page 49 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 e Creation date e Created in e Creation definition version e Last change e Current program e Current definition version m T EE FULL mA AL A AO ia gen e 2156 DD BBS Saaag y z 962 e Mtl Overview Scenarios Qverview Model fragments Y Creation date Thu Apr 26 22 12 45 2007 Created in Garp3 1 3 8 15 Creation definition version Last change Tue Feb 09 10 56 46 2010
95. l 4 7 1 Representation 7 2 Simulation 8 Conditional knowledge Use level 5 8 1 Representation Page 4 126 12 12 12 12 14 18 19 20 22 23 25 25 21 21 28 30 30 31 33 33 34 36 36 ject No 231526 DynaLearn 8 2 Simulation 9 Generic and reusable knowledge Use level 6 10 11 12 13 9 1 Representation 9 2 Simulation Multiple simulations saving simulations and path selection 10 1 Multiple simulations 10 2 Storing selected states and paths 10 3 Saving simulation results 10 4 Implementation Meta data 11 1 Abstract and general remarks 11 2 General information 11 3 Status and bug report 11 4 Model data Special features 12 1 Multiple languages 12 2 OWL export import 12 3 Tooltip Basic explanation 12 4 Upward compatibility for Garp3 models at use level 6 12 5 EPS export 12 6 Switching use levels 12 7 Screen cloning 12 8 Tabs in the simulate environment Implementation details 13 1 Change Requestors 13 2 Application content 13 3 Representation of conditional expressions 13 4 Export to reasoning engine 13 4 1 Expression export to model fragment and scenario part 13 4 2 Altered export functions in model fragment class 13 4 3 Exogenous behaviour constant for derivative value assignments Page 5 126 D3 38 40 40 42 43 43 44 44 45 47 47 48 49 4
96. ll the ingredients that can be used as conditions in model fragments except for other model fragments Edit Scenario Definitions List Scenarios are used as input for the qualitative simulator The qualitative simulator interprets the scenario by finding applicable model fragments incorporating their consequences and deriving unspecified implicit values for quantities to generate one or more start states These start states are then used to generate the rest of the behavioural graph In this workspace the contents of the last edited scenario can be edited again Ingredients that can be added changed or removed Edit U M U l l 2 include instances of entities attributes configurations quantities Scenario and quantity spaces values dependencies agents and assumptions These are all conditional model ingredients Clicking this button displays the hierarchy of model fragments New model fragments can be added to the hierarchy and existing ones can be edited copied or removed from the hierarchy In addition to this model fragments can be deactivated and reactivated again Model fragments describe part of the structure and behaviour of a system in a general way They are partial models that are composed of multiple ingredients Model fragments have the form of a rule This means that model ingredients are incorporated as either conditions or consequences Model fragments themselves can be reused within other model frag
97. ll working stays as in use level 6 Pull down list for paths Middle top main screen as in use level 6 Tab as in use level 6 Clone as in use level 6 18 6 Use level 4 How to adapt DynaLearn use level 5 details to accommodate use level 4 Save Open state graphs initial values and created paths as in use level 5 Build Creating and adding Entities Agents and Assumptions as in use level 5 Build Creating and adding Attributes as in use level 5 Build Creating and adding Configurations as in use level 5 Build Creating and adding Quantities and Quantity Spaces as in use level 5 Issue Entity preference None gt Instance gt Instance Type gt Instance Type hierarchy see D 2 1 for details is in principle possible at this use level particularly None Instance Instance amp Type Note To be created if time permits At use level 5 three view editors exist O O O O Build Conditional model fragment definitions editor Build General model fragment editor Build Condition model fragment editor At use level 4 there is only the General model fragment editor Build General model fragment editor Page 101 126 Build General model fragment editor as in use level 5 o Note Main screen top buttons opening definition editors The icons for opening the definition editors should be removed Atthis use level only the general Edit model icon is ne
98. lopment Version of Garp3 The guidelines in this section are applicable when you want to have the latest version of Garp3 but do not want to develop new Garp3 functionality To make the guidelines applicable to any user we use the HTTP protocol since the SSH protocol requires a user on the repository machine We assume that a netrc or netrc on Windows has been created as described above Create a clone of the public Garp3 repository in your home directory Gcd gt git clone http www science uva nl jliem gitroot Garp3 git Garp3 git The DynaLearn branch is for legacy reasons incorporated under the Garp3 branch This means that accessing the Garp3 branch means accessing the DynaLearn branch There are no changes whatsoever Page 120 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 By default the standard development branch of Garp3 is checked out To update to the latest version of Garp3 Pod Gasp3gct egrt fetch origin Sgit merge origin master The steps above are sufficient for most users However some users might want the latest version of a particular development branch in Garp3 Show the remote branches egit branch Create a local branch based on a remote branch and make a checkout in this example we checkout origin AutomaticModelBuilding as the local branch AutomaticModelBuilding git checkout b AutomaticModelBuilding origin AutomaticModelBuilding The local checkout now reflects the
99. ls Page 43 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 10 2 Storing selected states and paths In the simulate environment the right hand side menu will show the current state selection Figure 10 1 There are two types of state selections states and path In the state mode both states and all transitions from each state will be selected which is important for the state transition view In the path mode only paths can be selected together with only the transitions between the selected states If the current selection is not a path then the selection is shown as a state selection instead of a path selection State selections are prefixed with the text States while path selections are prefixed with the text Path Next to the menu there is a and a buttons The button stores the current selection in the simulation while the button removes the current selection Selecting one of the stored selections makes this selection active in the state graph Note that storing a selection does not change the model itself as a selection only makes sense in the context of a particular simulation Simulating the same scenario in steps might result in a different numbering for the states as it is controlled by the learner As such in the new simulation the state selection might not make sense The simulation should be saved in the model in order for the stored selections to be saved along with it eno N Both tanks partially
100. lt Livesin bu ttonbar prm Blue green algae Diatoms Aquatic population gt Aquatic population R aquatic biological entity QD Aquatic biological entity ao uma q Biomass content e SE window ies NF statusbar A O CsscCwwvwxw Figure 3 1 The functional regions of the DynaLearn application window 3 1 Title bar The title bar at the top of the screen shows the name of the currently active model as well as a description of the current workspace e g Model fragment definitions editor in Figure 3 1 The text inside the title bar therefore depends on the current workspace inside the application 3 2 Menu bar The menu bar is located right below the title bar lt comprises a context sensitive menu with actions that can be applied in the current workspace 3 3 General button bar The general button bar is located below the menu bar It is divided into several functionally distinct regions Figure 3 2 Different views are displayed in the content button bar section 3 7 and content window section 3 8 Page 12 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 open save models active model list access metadata e CioacaEtAl2009 a print content d x Figure 3 2 The general button bar The first five buttons from left to right are used for retrieving storing closing and creating new models The functionality of these buttons is described in Table 3 1 Table 3 1 General
101. ments as conditions Furthermore subclasses of model fragments can be made which augment the parent model fragment with new ingredients The consequence ingredients of model fragments that match the actual system situation will be added to that scenario In that case the scenario fulfils the conditions specified in the model fragment which describes a general situation Edit Model Fragment Hierarchy Scenarios must answer certain conditions that may trigger changes in the system so that they allow simulations to start and run Page 16 126 In this workspace you can edit the contents of model fragments including entities attributes configurations quantities and quantity spaces values dependencies agents assumptions inequalities Edit Model Fragment U e Ne values calculations influences proportionalities conditional model fragments correspondences and identities Besides the build buttons there are two groups of simulate buttons one related to running simulations and the other to accessing simulation results The functionality of the first group of simulate buttons is described in table 3 5 Table 3 5 Action button bar running simulations ha os LO Simulate Scenario Run Full Simulation Terminate Selected States Order Selected States Close Selected States Open Simulation Preferences Open Trance Window The simulate scenario button star
102. n UL1 4 the modelling ingredients in expressions are coloured blue This colour indicates that these ingredients except value assignments are true in the entire simulation However in UL5 conditional knowledge is introduced via conditional expressions The contents from the regular expression is incorporated the condition expression and is visualised in green In these conditional expressions it is possible to add modelling ingredients as conditions red or consequences blue The conditional expression can be read as a rule If the conditions hold then the consequences are also true In this view the representations on the earlier use levels can be seen as rules without conditions At use level 6 model fragments and scenarios are introduced Similar to expressions scenarios can only contain modelling ingredients as consequences coloured blue In model fragments both conditions and consequences can be added However it is also possible for a model fragment to inherit contents from its parent which is coloured green Furthermore it is possible Page 22 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 to import complete model fragments of which the contents is coloured black with the model fragment identifier coloured red 3 9 Content window Using the buttons in the content button bar modelling ingredients are added to the content window showing the currently edited scenario or model fragment In
103. n E 110q suapuoo e Y 9 eseyd sen bqisN E VH Dom Jo Juno e uejsqns z 20UeJsqns ainjesedwe em LES MOJO UMOLS IFAFIDUM 07 Duaja eji poob y 07 91 E Z Led y auieu Oeus 4 ie le o BS A dq S Y UU o 2 i ee Se uses eu g uleu IPOIN ay 1 n e opoL PPV P4 AH Build showing Model fragment in fact a subtype of MF Heating Figure A 12 Use level 6 Page 78 126 D3 1 DynaLearn Project No 231526 a Figure A 13 Use level 6 Build showing list of Model fragments Jejeeu peeiS luaby S gt i buog sseoo1g Y Y eseud pijos 142949 amp eseud pinbr weouejsqns L TL eseud seg J pinbii Ajuo yym JaureyuoD L seb Ajuo ym 1eurejuo p P SOUBISGNS UUM JSUIeJUO SN mnxiui se pue pinbii ym saurejuo g iduwa 1eurejuo 2 aeoaea 1011p3 suontuu p 1u uu pij JIPON OZ 9 E Z 1 eg l aweu oujeua s e A amp Glaser 65 5 Y G 2 i oe pe useaeu g a E m DENS d os Ww 2 L am ovt opoL PPV JpH AHA Page 79 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 E E L s 25 a do T E ees 9 2 Y i E s TE a d K gt E a s EDI O 3 i H ES 9 E Bii ze ge i 3 4 aB a Un gt AN Figure A 14 Use level 6 Simulate showing State graph Page 80 126 A 18 Appendix B From Garp3 to DynaLearn workspaces
104. nalearn 0 0 13 Figure 8 7 Use level 5 Simulate ER diagram workspace Page 39 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 9 Generic and reusable knowledge Use level 6 The generic and reusable knowledge use level or use level 6 allows the full range of representation and reasoning that is available in Garp3 Particularly in contrast to use level 5 expressions including conditional expressions are no longer available Instead learners create scenarios and model fragments In contrast to expressions which contain both scenario and model fragment aspects which will always become active in a simulation in use level 6 a simulation is based on a single scenario which describes the initial state of the simulation The model fragments which contain both conditions and consequences can be seen as rules IF conditions THEN consequences If the scenario fulfils the conditions of a model fragment it becomes active and the ingredients represented as consequences of the model fragment are introduced to the description of the initial state 9 1 Representation The scenario workspace is shown in Figure 9 1 In it the following ingredients can be used all these can only be added as consequences e Entities Agents e Assumptions e Configurations e Attributes e Quantities including quantity spaces e Value assignments Operators plus and minus e Inequalities In contrast to the conditional expressions in us
105. ns to either his entire group chmod R 770 or all users on the system chmod R 777 Furthermore the Git repository should be configured so that new files are created with write permissions for either the entire group or every user on the system Sgit config core sharedRepository 0775 Sgit config core sharedRepository 0777 An option that is usually not plausible due to security issues is sharing a separate user account for development In this setup a central repository workflow can be used and the repository can be set to be only accessible to that specific user chmod R 700 Note that in all SSH cases the super directories of the repository directory should have read and execute permissions 1 Note that it is possible to write files over HTTP using WebDav 10 However this requires Apache2 with the WebDav module and permission to edit the httpd conf file which requires root access Page 116 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 A 19 4 2 Distributed Version Management using Git In the distributed version management workflow the repository should be accessible to your collaborators Either your collaborators have access to your system via SSH or you make the repository available via HTTP Richard wants to collaborate on his paper with Daniel Since Daniel has no SSH access to his system he will make the paper available via HTTP Richard moves his paper to his public_html
106. nt special purpose handling in the operation of the joined dialogues see use level 4 and 5 From a user point of view independent dialogues are preferred Build General model fragment editor as in use level 4 o But the scope of usable ingredients is limited Entity Attribute Configuration Quantity Quantity space Value assignment also Derivative Correspondences and Proportionalities Filter Proportionalities are shown as and This requires adapting the Add proportionality dialogue to Add effects 18 7 1 Use level 3 Export Export model to Simulate as in use level 4 but less ingredients o From General model fragment to Page 103 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Scenario Entity e Configuration e Quantity e Quantity space Magnitude Value assignment e Derivative Value assignment General model fragment subtype of Expression e Allcontents but without o Magnitude Value assignment o Derivative Value assignment 18 7 2 Use level 3 Simulate e Simulate State graph as in use level 4 e Simulate view Show dependencies not applicable superfluous e Simulate view Value history as in use level 4 e Simulate view Equation history not applicable superfluous e Simulate view Transition history as in use level 4 e Simulate view Show entities configurations and attributes not applicable superfluous
107. ntent to the application it is possible to remove content from it This is done by the removeContent method This method provided no content specific handling mechanisms though This means that all operations that need to be performed when content is removed from the stack should have been dealt with in that content s beforeSwitchOff and afterSwitchOff methods see above After content has been added to the stack it needs to be displayed within the application window This is done by the switchToContent method It takes as argument a content that is already in the application content stack This method first erases the currently displayed content from application window not necessary erasing the old content object from the application content stack though and then populates the new content s left hand side button bar menu bar client content and title bar text in that order 13 3 Representation of conditional expressions Figure 13 4 shows the class hierarchy starting from the model fragment class The Static Process and Agent fragments in use level 6 are model fragments in which specific types of ingredients can be used which were already available in Garp3 The learner can create complete hierarchies of model fragments below these model fragments The Scenario class is used describes a start state within the system and was also already available in Garp3 New in DynaLearn is the concept of Expression which merges aspects of scenar
108. o a model fragment This function is not called for expression since to model fragments can be imported in it nor does it have a parent from which content is inherited Value assignments and inequalities are not exported to the model fragment part 13 4 3 Exogenous behaviour constant for derivative value assignments Due to the constrained vocabulary on the lower use levels in DynaLearn particularly on use level 3 it is not possible to derive the derivatives of quantities using the causal relationships On use level 2 and use level 3 influences the cause of change within a model cannot be used but only and relationships which are proportionalities in terms of the reasoning engine As such using the default reasoning as done in Garp3 the derivative values set in the expression are forgotten in the successor states of the first state as they would have to be recalculated using causal dependencies which are not available yet To resolve this issue the value assignments in expressions i e on use levels 2 through 5 are considered constant The exogenous behaviour constant as can be used in scenarios in Garp3 is added to each derivative value assignment in the expression This assures that the derivatives maintain their value during the complete simulation Notice that the other exogenous behaviours available in Garp3 can only be used in DynaLearn at use level 6 Page 63 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 14 Conclusion
109. on buttons is displayed 3 5 Navigation bar The navigation bar is displayed below the action button bar lt contains two dropdown lists These dropdown lists display various modelling ingredients What is displayed depends on the current workspace in the application workspaces are discussed in the next section Besides the two dropdown lists to the right the use level switcher is displayed The six use levels are there represented as six blobs that occur in a linear ordering The use level with the shadow behind it indicates the current use level Specific buttons available in each use level are discussed in Chapters 4 9 Eventually this use level switch will be used to traverse from one use level to another See also section 12 6 Page 18 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 3 6 Workspaces Before describing the features of the content button bar and of the content window it makes sense to explain the notion of workspaces in the DynaLearn ILE These are the views that are currently present in the DynaLearn ILE Build views o Hierarchy views Entity hierarchy view showing the ontology of entity definitions Agent hierarchy view showing the ontology of agent definitions Assumption hierarchy view showing the ontology of assumptions Scenario list workspace showing the list of scenarios Model fragment list workspace showing the list of model fragments Model fragment hierarchy works
110. onal design of this system was presented in 3 DynaLearn is specifically created for students to develop their conceptual knowledge on systems The DynaLearn ILE offers diagrammatic presentations for learners to express their ideas and test these by running simulations The DynaLearn ILE is based on the qualitative modelling and simulation workbench Garp3 1 2 However in DynaLearn the aim is to accommodate different groups of students As such the tool can be used on different use levels depending on the student s level of expertise and the kind of phenomenon dealt with Furthermore in DynaLearn the entire interface has been integrated into a single workspace single screen The content of the report is as follows Chapter 2 describes the ideas underpinning each of the use levels Chapter 3 describes the main features of the integrated interface Chapters 4 through 9 describe each of the use levels of the ILE Chapter 10 describes the new multiple simulation and saved simulation functionality Chapter 11 describes the editors for meta data Chapter 12 describes a set of special features available in the DynaLearn ILE Chapter 13 is devoted to implementation details that explain how certain functionalities were established Finally Chapter 14 and 15 discuss the results and conclude The following details have been added in the appendix for completeness Appendix 1 shows the relevant screens for each use level as they have been developed a
111. onment are currently open we plan to add tabs to the simulate workspace This allows the learner to easily switch between different screens in the simulate environment This is useful because particular workspaces are visualised for each state such as the dependency view or the model fragments in state view Quickly switching between different workspaces improves the usability of DynaLearn Page 54 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 13 Implementation details e This Section describes some of the implementation details of how specific functionality has been implemented in DynaLearn Section 13 1 describes how Change Requestors work Section 13 2 describes how the application content is visualised Section 13 3 describes how expressions and conditional expressions have been represented Section 13 4 describes how expressions and conditional expressions are exported to the simulation engine representation 13 1 Change Requestors The DynaLearn ILE allows complex models to be built Because of their inherent complexity model ingredients can be made to depend on one another For instance after adding a relationship between two entities neither one of the entities can be removed without affecting 1 the existence of the relationship and 2 the behaviour of the entity that remains The interdependency of model ingredients poses a technical difficulty how do we propagate changes made to a modelling ingredient Because 1 there are man
112. op PP X Details about transition between state 1 and 2 Simulate cause to_interval_above happiness1 conditions quantity values value happiness1 unk zero plus results dependencies d greater happiness1 zero quantity values value happiness1 unk low G582 closed Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Z Figure 6 4 Use level 3 Simulate Transition history Page 32 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 7 Causal differentiation Use level 4 x 5 l l l l l S ll l l O Use level 4 augments use level 3 in multiple ways The main distinguishing feature is the inclusion of proportionalities and direct influences instead of the plus and minus signed relationships of the previous use level Another difference is that every quantity has a quantity space These quantity spaces are defined by using the quantity space editor Whenever a quantity is being created in the quantity editor a quantity space must be selected for it in other words in use level 4 quantities cannot exist without a quantity space 7 1 Representation The Build workspace is shown in Figure 7 1 X UL4 CausalDifferentiation Expression Expression fragment Model Fragment Editor Build File Edit Ingredients View Settings DAM 9 m P UL4 CausalDifferentiation Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 7 1 Use level 4 Build Learners can express conceptual models using the following ingredients Entity e At
113. ossible o The equation history view has a set of options e List of in equalities e Display equations e Derivative equations Selectall e Selectnone Draw equation history e Clearscreen Can these stay in the position as they currently are Notice that the button bar of Simulate State graph should also be shown most LHS o Buttons below in the screen status bar Save diagram to EPS file remove already in main screen Close this window remove superfluous o Screen contents equations Listed in the workspace of the main screen o OWLicon Open help page should be removed e Simulate view Transition history o Open Click on icon in LHS button bar of Simulate State graph The view opens once for all selected states Tab a tab is created in the main screen for this window so that it can be re opened later on By selecting another option in the main screen or By closing tab or By selecting another icon in LHS button bar of Simulate State graph In principle any active option is possible o The transition history view has two options bottom of window Zoom in on details move to LHS button bar new graphics needed Close this window remove superfluous Notice that the button bar of Simulate State graph should also be shown most LHS Clicking on the ingredients in the window shows a new window with more details Let s keep this function as it is Notice that closing th
114. pace showing the ontology of model fragments o Content views Expression fragment content view shows the expression fragment for editing purposes Scenario content workspace shows a scenario for editing purposes Model fragment content workspace show a model fragment for editing purposes e Simulation views o State graph view shows the behaviours the simulation derived from the specified model o Value history view shows the qualitative value changes throughout the simulation o Equation history view shows in equalities in a simulated state o Dependencies view shows the relations between entities and quantities in a simulation state o Quantity values for state view shows the values of the quantities in a simulated state o Entity Relation ER view shows the dependency relations between entities and quantities in a simulated state o Model fragments in state view shows a list of model fragments that are active in a simulated state e Metadata views show four different sorts of metadata chapter 11 Page 19 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Switching between views is effected by changes multiple interface items at the same time Not only what is shown in the content window changes but the menu options and content buttons change as well in order to enable the user to interact with the new content The following five interface elements change upon switching views 1 T
115. ps are added to the implementation 12 3 Tooltip Basic explanation In order to aid the user tooltips have been added to the DynaLearn workbench in order to communicate information about the workings of the interface as well as information regarding the specific model created by the user The former category giving information regarding the interface is provided whenever the user hovers over a Ul element such as a button The tooltip text then communicates the functionality that this specific button allows An example of this is given in Figure 12 1 The latter category giving information regarding aspects of the model is provided whenever the user hovers over a model ingredient The user can alter this text by editing the contents of the remarks text field inside the various editors An example of this is given in Figure 12 2 Page 51 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 000 File Edit View Settings Xx UL2 BasicCausal Expression Expression fragment Model Fragment Editor Build Tx my s A dn UL6 CommunicatingVessels xi n AR ub Ao Fa ee se Gio rr Overview Scenarios Path 7 11 5 Container M n Ce Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 12 1 A tooltip for a button in DynaLearn 000 IX UL6 CommunicatingVessels Full envisionment Scenario Editor Build File Edit View Settings E SS e PR UL6 CommunicatingVessels p Am P up Me Fa 8 0 3 DynaLearn ges se vio l a e Gd
116. reen as in use level 5 e Tab as in use level 5 e Clone as in use level 5 18 7 Use level 3 How to adapt DynaLearn use level 4 details to accommodate use level 3 e Save Open state graphs initial values and created paths as in use level 4 e Build Creating and adding Entities Agents and Assumptions as in use level 4 e Build Creating and adding Attributes as in use level 4 e Build Creating and adding Configurations as in use level 4 e Build Creating and adding Quantities and Quantity Spaces o Works in principle as in use level 4 accept with the following significant modification Quantities can be created without the user defining a quantity space e Filter Such quantities are given a default quantity space consisting of a single interval by the dialogue without the user noticing Quantity spaces can be adding to quantities without a user given quantity space e Filter this means that the dialogue replaces the default quantity space by the user given quantity space Quantity spaces can be changed for quantities with a user given quantity space o Note Probably for the default interval a special purpose quantity space should be defined qs default so that it can easily be recognised and handle throughout the software o Note The derivative quantity space is not affected by the above and is always added for a quantity o Dialogues design Should the two dialogues be fully independent Or do we impleme
117. rtain conditions are satisfied The conditional knowledge use level addresses situations like these The use level generic and reusable knowledge reflects Garp3 in its current status The main difference with the other use levels is the focus on re usable knowledge That is to capture essential details in a context independent manor as much as possible or otherwise to explicate the conditions under which the knowledge is applicable At this level the notion of types and hierarchy become important Also the idea of learners creating their own models by re using partial solutions stored in a repository now viable Page 11 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 3 Interface Main features This chapter presents the main features of the interface of the DynaLearn ILE The main features are all accessible via the application window of the DynaLearn ILE shown in Figure 3 1 The application window is divided in several regions that correlate to specific functionality Each of those regions is discussed below titlebar menubar 1 X CioacaEtAl2009 Model fragment definitions editor Build N general File Edit Conditions Consequences View Settings buttonbar e a a A aa ee A NN action goes 812 MORA glo mm buttonbar navigation bar Aquatic ecosystem QD aquatic ecosystem 50001 single alga population Complex cover mechanism be Py Algal bloom Baie green algae Diatoms content k a Lives in
118. s an intermediate design step from D2 1 3 towards the current implementation Appendix 2 enumerates in detail how the functionality available in Garp3 was migrated to the DynaLearn ILE context particularly emphasising how to remove hide or merge Garp3 complexity at the lower use levels in the DynaLearn ILE Finally Appendix 3 holds the user manual of the GIT version management software used for the development of the DynaLearn ILE GIT is also used for the other software development in DynaLearn Page 8 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 2 Learning spaces Use levels The learning spaces in the DynaLearn software are organised as a set of use levels with increasing complexity in terms of the modelling ingredients a learner can use to construct knowledge Six use levels have been designed and implemented Figure 2 1 and Table 2 1 Concept map Basic causal model e Basic causal model with state graph e Causal differentiation e Conditional knowledge e Generic and reusable knowledge Each level is a self contained interactive workspace useful for learning specific details about system behaviour Self contained implies that the representational primitives available within a use level form a logical subset of all the primitives available Hence they allow for automated reasoning on behalf of the underlying software It also implies that from a Qualitative System Dynamics perspective learners are able to create sensible repr
119. several large projects such as the Linux Kernel Perl and Google Android Git takes a more modern approach and is a distributed versioning system As such each user has a personal repository cloned from another repository Checkouts are made from the local repository and commits are written to the local repository Changes can either be pushed to or pulled from another repository Due to the distributed nature of Git two branches with the same name in different repositories are considered two separate branches For example a branch feature in the repository of Richard is considered a different branch than the branch feature in the repository of Sam If Richard wants the latest version of the feature1 code Richard has to fetch the latest changes from Sam s repository and merge his feature1 code with the code of Sam s feature branch 19 2 Git Documentation Linux Windows MacOSX The Git community provides excellent documentation There is an official Git tutorial 3 and the Git SVN Crash Course 4 for those who already know Subversion Furthermore there are lectures by Randal Schwartz 5 and Linus Torvalds 6 The command git help provides access to the git manual pages This HOWTO does not discuss pull Furthermore note that instead of clone remote add fetch is often used as it allows naming the repository that is cloned Page 114 126 19 3 Setting up Git 19
120. signments e Derivatives e Causal relationships and Causal model with state graph Quantity spaces Correspondences Causal differentiation e Causal relationships and refined o Influences o Proportionalities e Inequalities Operators and Agents e Assumptions Conditional knowledge e Conditional expressions Generic and reusable Multiple expressions o Model fragments o Scenarios Below a summary of the characteristics of each use level is presented see 3 for further details A concept map sometimes also referred to as an entity relation graph is a graphical representation that consists of two primitives nodes and arcs Nodes reflect important concepts while arcs show the relationships between those concepts cf 7 From a qualitative reasoning point of view concept maps are less interesting because they do not capture dynamics However having this use level is useful from a learning point of view as it is the root from which more complex knowledge representations emerge Therefore a simple version of such a workspace is foreseen in the DynaLearn software The use level basic causal model focuses on quantities how they change and how this change influences other quantities to change Quantities represent behaviour They are connected to entities the structural units in the model Simulation at this use level means to calculate for each quantity one of the following options for its derivative
121. sssliecscoctem Y Overview Model fragments D 4EnH Oil An oil is any substrance that is liquid at ambient temperatures and is Material Bak 2 hydrophobic but soluble in organic solvents Ware ie a Tube Entity Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 12 2 A tooltip for a model ingredient in DynaLearn Page 52 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 12 4 Upward compatibility for Garp3 models at use level 6 During the implementation of DynaLearn we took particular care that Garp3 models can be loaded as DynaLearn models on use level 6 As such no modelling effort has been lost Furthermore users of Garp3 can migrate to the new improved DynaLearn software 12 5 EPS export The diagrams created in the DynaLearn software can be exported as EPS images These vector images can be used in presentations reports and publications 12 6 Switching use levels In the near future we envision the possibility of migrating a model to a higher use level The concept map in use level 1 could be converted into entities and configurations on use level 2 From use level 2 to use level 3 quantity spaces are added to quantities From use level 3 to use level 4 the and relationships can be converted into proportionalities and influences From use level 4 to use level 5 the possibility to create conditional model fragments is added Migrating from use level 5 to use level
122. sy access to either the list of scenarios or list of model fragments in alphabetic order o Top item in the list Overview Scenarios OR Overview Model fragments o This list switches focus following the editor activated last f user selects Open scenarios editor Then show List of scenarios with Overview Scenarios selected lf user selects Edit last changed scenario Then show List of scenarios with current scenario selected If user selects Open model fragments editor Then show List of model fragments with Overview Model fragments selected If user selects Edit last changed model fragment Then show List of model fragments with current model fragment selected o When an item from either list is selected the accompanying editor is opened in the main screen with the selected details from the list thus either a specific model fragment or a specific scenario o Selecting Overview If Overview Scenarios is selected from the list Then the Scenarios editor opens in the main screen f Overview Model fragment is selected from the list Then the Model fragments editor opens in the main screen e Pull down list for paths Middle top main screen o Main goal is to save references to sets of selected states possibly paths which can later be reused to provide a view on the accompanying state graph o Given a partial simulation state graph Each selection of states can be saved as part of the model
123. t buttonbar title onDestroy beforeSwitchOn afterSwitchOn beforeSwitchOff afterSwitchOff resize Figure 13 3 Class description of AppFrameContent For this purpose the notion of application content represented in class AppFrameContent was created see also Figure 13 3 Application content consists of the following elements e Attribute client contains the content that encompasses the current view This is where the model ingredients are displayed The menu for this content menuBar e The left hand side button bar for this content but tonBar The commands that make the menu bar button bar and keyboard shortcuts all interact with the same content displayed on the client device e The title text that should be displayed within the title bar of the window in which the content will be displayed The menu bar and button bar are initialised by instantiating the methods init menu and init buttonbar respectively In order to provide the ability to make the switching between contents seamless various standard methods are provided for preparing the switch to a new content as well as methods for cleaning stuff up after an old content has been switched from The former are beforeSwitchOn and afterSwitchOn The latter are beforeSwitchOff and afterSwitchOff In order to incorporate additional functionality for specific contents these methods should be instantiated by the relevant instantiating classes and
124. te graph selections the set of stored selections in the state graph engineState the representation of the simulation in the reasoning engine exportedElements a hash table with references from the reasoning engine representation to elements in model fragments scenarios and expressions exportedObjects a hash table with references from the reasoning engine representation to the definitions of model ingredients in the model e scenario a link to the scenario that the simulation is based on e model a link to the model that the simulation is based on The main methods of the stateSelection class are e get and set methods for some of the variables e methods to store and delete state selections methods to load and save the engine representation used when switching between simulations methods to store references from the reasoning engine representation to the model and methods to retrieve model ingredients from the model based on the engine representation Simulations are saved by copying a simulation object to the savedSimulations slot in the model object Page 46 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 11 Meta data Ic The main reasons for adding metadata are Managing model versions Embedding the model in its scientific or educational context In scientific contexts linking the model to researchers research articles and research projects In educational contexts linking the model to a course
125. ted configuration New similar as in other dialogues of this kind at use level 5 Note not present in Garp3 Delete selected configuration definition Delete selected configuration amp close dialogue Save changes to model gt Save changes amp close dialogue e Undo changes gt Cancel amp close dialogue Close remove superfluous Adda new configuration Switch arguments stays as it is Open configuration definitions editor remove superfluous e Apply changes gt Save changes amp close dialogue e Cancel changes gt Cancel amp close dialogue see above Note From the two Remarks fields only one should stay Filter details none e Build Creating and adding Quantities and Quantity Spaces O Three dialogues are involved whose functionality should be merge into a single dialogue Quantity definitions editor level 6 main screen Quantity space definitions editor level 6 main screen Add new quantity level 6 dialogue Name composed dialogue Add quantity Basis idea see general text at the beginning of use level 5 text Nested dialogue From the 1 dialogue Add quantity users can open a 2 4 dialogue Add quantity space This 2 5 dialogue behaves in the same general way as the other dialogues and it has to be closed before the action at the quantity level Add quantity can be completed Open Close Add quantity see general text happens from main screen Open Close Add
126. the content window these elements have their own distinguishing icons that are for obvious reasons similar to the icons that are displayed inside the content button bar see Table 3 8 Icons that are used in the content window are enumerated in Table 3 9 Also the meaning of these modelling elements is explained below Table 3 9 Icons of the model ingredients in the content window of the view editor Ingredient Entity Configurations are used to model relations between instances of Configuration entities and agents Configurations are referred to as structural Entities are the physical objects or abstract concepts that constitute the system Their relevant properties are represented as quantities that may change under the influence of processes Entities are arranged in a subtype hierarchy Agents are used to model entities outside of the modelled system Agents can have quantities influencing the rest of the system which are called exogenous quantities or external influences Assumptions are labels that are used to indicate that certain conditions are presumed to be true They are often used to constrain the system behaviour generated by a model They can be associated to structural and behavioural aspects of a system relations Quantities represent changeable features of entities and agents They are represented by their quantity value which consists of the pair magnitude amount of stuff and derivative direction of change
127. the general Clone option o Close By either e By selecting another option in the main screen or e By closing tab or e By selecting an option from the LHS button bar In principle any active option is possible Note simulation gets removed when an edit action is carried out o LHS button bar should move to the LHS button bar main screen Buttons with adjusted size have been created for this o Menu options see elsewhere in this document o Dialogues to inspect listed ingredients Select e Select individual states as in Garp3 Selecta path as in garp3 Select all states as in garp3 e Deselect all states as in garp3 e Show entities configurations and attributes see elsewhere e Show quantity values see elsewhere e List model fragments see elsewhere Show dependencies see elsewhere e Transition history see elsewhere Equation history see elsewhere e Value history see elsewhere Run all can be removed because already in main screen e Open trace window remove because already in main screen e Simulation preferences remove because already in main screen Open trace window remove because already in main screen 5 simulation options remove because already in main screen o Screen contents state graph Listed in the workspace of the main screen o OWLicon Open help page should be removed o Special attention should be given to the see workspace bottom Selected states Select
128. tions Entity Attribute Configuration Quantity Value Plus Min Inequality Assumption Agent Model fragment Identity Consequences Entity Attribute Configuration Quantity Value File same only if MF editor active same always present rename Save current model to file always present Edit only if MF editor active same only if MF editor active new in LHS bar same only if MF editor active Conditions only if MF editor active items as in Garp3 Consequences only if MF editor active items as in Garp3 Page 110 126 Project No 231526 View Plus Min Inequality Correspondence Proportionality Influence Show sub fragments Collapse Expand Collapse relations Expand relations Show relevant DynaLearn View only if MF editor active items as in Garp3 with 2 exceptions Full redraw show all default placing Expand all Hide Translations Settings Language Hide model ingredient tooltips Settings Hide model ingredient tooltips 18 10 2 4 Build Entity Agent Assumption editor File Save diagram to EPS file same always present Edit entity agent assumption ingredients Edit only if E A A editor active Add child Delete Properties Copy items as in Garp3 Page 111 126 D3 1 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Paste View View only if E A A editor active Horizontal items as in Garp3 with 2 exceptions Vertical
129. tity values An inequality between a quantity and a point value An inequality between a derivative and a point value An inequality between two derivatives of two different quantities Page 21 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 Add Positive Negative Causal Relationship Add Correspondence Add Proportionality Add Influence Add Assumption Add Agent Add Model Fragment as Condition Add identity Adds a positive or negative causal relationship between two entities Adds a correspondence There are two kinds of correspondence Q correspondences between two quantity spaces e V correspondence between two magnitudes quantity values Adds a positive or negative proportionality between two quantities Adds a positive or negative direct influence relationship between two quantities Adds an assumption to a scenario or to a model fragment Adds an agent to a scenario or to a model fragment Adds an existing model fragment as a condition to the currently edited model fragment The added model fragment must be part of the same library of model fragments Identity links are a way to specify that two entities or agents refer to the same object At least one of the items must originate from a conditional model fragment Deletes the currently selected element from a scenario or Delete Element model fragment 3 8 Colour coding In most of the use levels in DynaLear
130. to Save current model to file Tooltips main screen o General Reminder Check if all are present and correct Print to postscript should be Save diagram to EPS file DynaLearn logo should be Open DynaLearn website o Use level 6 Build Simulate icons Remains as in Garp3 seems currently correct o Use level 5 Build Simulate icons Edit last changed scenario should be Edit general model Open model fragments editor should be Open condition model fragments editor Edit last changed model fragment should be Edit last changed conditional model fragment Simulate current scenario should be Simulate first step o Use level 4 and 3 Build Simulate icons Simulate current scenario should be Simulate first step o Use level 2 Build Simulate icons Simulate current scenario should be Simulate o Use level 1 Build Simulate icons No Build Simulate buttons available hence to tooltip texts Resizing main window o Should can resizing main window be limited such that greying red to white stays correct Should we e DynaLearn logo main screen o Should Open DynaLearn website e Use level icons main screen o Hidden or Present depending on user preference o The preference can be set in Settings Pull down menu using a small dialogue e Simulation preferences and Open trace window o Keep functionality as in Garp3 Page 83 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 o Relocate b
131. tribute e Configuration e Quantity e Quantity space o Magnitude o Derivative Page 33 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 e Value assignment o Derivative o Magnitude e Causal dependencies o Proportionalities o Influences e Correspondence 7 2 Simulation As in use level 4 simulating the model generates a state graph Figure 7 2 back From the simulate workspace the value history and transition history views can be opened New in this use level is the equation history Figure 7 3 and the quantity values workspace Figure 7 2 front The quantity values workspace displays the following ingredients e Entities Quantities e Magnitude e Derivative including second order derivative X Expression Simulate File View Display Settings a UL4 CausalDifferentiation r lan NM N N LLLI T XA R e ej ej o gt ete e D SIE Select lt 9 o o Pl M O O O xi Values in state 1 Simulate AN Growth Tree Plus Shade Tree Low D Size Tree Low View i m iS e B d Welcome to Dynalearn 0 0 13 Figure 7 2 Use level 4 Simulate workspace The equation history displays how equations e g inequalities between quantities change over time It shows the following ingredients e Entities e Quantities Page 34 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 e Magnitudes e Derivatives e Inequalities e Operators
132. ts the simulation with an expression the last edited scenario or the scenario that is currently selected in the scenario editor It only performs the first step in the simulation that is determining the possible interpretations of the scenario each becoming states by matching model fragments and determining the values for each quantity The run full simulation button simulates an expression the last edited scenario or the scenario that is currently selected in the scenario editor lt generates the full simulation of the scenario or expression in the simulate workspace The terminate selected states button determines the possible ways a state can end This results in a set of terminations The order selected states button determines which terminations have priority and which terminations can occur together This step removes and combines multiple terminations The close selected states button either creates new states of each termination or creates transitions to already existing states if the resulting state already exists The purpose of this workspace is to set the simulation preferences These are settings that can influence the way in which the simulation is created The purpose of this workspace is to set the trace option a functionality that allows for a description of the reasoning steps done by the simulation engine to be visualised The second group of simulate buttons that provides access the simulation results is
133. ttribute level 6 dialogue Name composed dialogue Add attribute Open Close see general text Buttons from old to new Attribute definitions editor read top to bottom amp left to right Add attribute definition Add attribute Copy selected attribute definition gt Copy selected attribute Delete selected attribute definition Delete selected attribute amp close dialogue 4 icons for managing attribute values stay as they are Save changes to model Save changes amp close dialogue Undo changes Cancel amp close dialogue Close remove superfluous Add anew attribute Open attribute definitions editor remove superfluous Apply changes gt Save changes amp close dialogue Cancel changes gt Cancel amp close dialogue see above Note From the two Remarks fields only one should stay Filter details none Page 96 126 Build Creating and adding Configurations O O O Basis idea see general text at the beginning of use level 5 text Two dialogues are involved whose functionality should be merge into a single dialogue Configuration definitions editor level 6 main screen Adda new configuration level 6 dialogue Name composed dialogue Add configuration Open Close see general text Buttons Configuration definitions editor read top to bottom amp left to right e Add configuration definition gt Add configuration e Copy selec
134. ups of build buttons those used to edit definitions and those used to edit model fragments The first group of build buttons the edit build buttons is used to access workspaces for editing definitions In these workspaces the user can add remove or edit definitions without adding instances of those definitions to a specific model In other words the buttons from the first group allow the user to create a palette of general elements that can later be instantiated as concrete Page 14 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 model ingredients that are used to create models with The functionality of these buttons is described in Table 3 3 Table 3 3 Action button bar buttons for building definition Entities are the physical objects or abstract concepts that play a Edit Entity role within the system and define the system structure The entity Hierarchy hierarchy editor enables the user to define a hierarchy of entities with child parent relations between them SS Attributes are static features of entities often used to add descriptive details to the entity that are not used for calculations and do not change during the simulation The attribute definitions editor enables the creation of attributes and the assignment of values that further specify these features Edit Attribute Definitions e Definitions modification of configurations that can be used in model Configurations are used
135. ure 13 2 Process diagram for the change requestor After the routeRequest method succeeds the apply method is called First this method uses isImpossibleChange in order to verify whether the changes can be applied given the feedback that was assembled by the various check methods executed by the routeRequest method If the changes are indeed deemed impossible with respect to the content route then feedback is given as to why this is the case If the changes are not blocked with respect to the content route then the routeAplly method is called The routeAppl y method does three things Page 57 126 1 It applies the changes to the objects that are within the content route This is done by method sendApll y which is run for each individual change 2 routeApply calls method doSendApplied again for every individual change This performs any operation that may be required after all of the changes have been made by sendAppl y 3 Allthe changes are freed by method doAutoFree Method sendApply performs the change to a specific object It calls the method that is locally stored as attribute applyMethod in order to perform this change Method doSendApplied performs two tasks 1 It performs the locally stored attribute method appliedMethod onto all active contents see section 13 2 This is necessary since there may be multiple views in which any of the changed modelling ingredients in displayed All
136. user to define a hierarchy of P assumptions with child parent relations between them Because Agents are used to model entities outside of the modelled system Edit Aqent The agent hierarchy editor enables the user to define a hierarchy g of agents with child parent relations between them Agents can PISIS they describe neither structural nor behavioural aspects of a system they belong to neither the structural building blocks nor the behavioural building blocks categories Page 15 126 Project No 231526 DynaLearn D3 1 The second group of build buttons is used to access workspaces that allow modelling ingredients to be added to a specific model A model is not created in one fell swoop but instead consists of multiple components that together constitute the complete model There are two kinds of model components those that a simulation can starts from called scenarios and those that a simulation cannot start directly from called model fragments In the second group of build buttons there are two buttons for each of these types These buttons are described in Table 3 4 Table 3 4 Action button bar editing scenarios and model fragments Clicking this button displays the list of scenarios New scenarios can be added to this list and existing ones can be edited copied or removed from the list Scenarios describe a specific situation in which the system can be found They can consist of a
137. utton can be removed but when leaving the editor with unsaved changes present save cancel undo options to the user and act accordingly unsaved changes check Taken what is present in Garp3 it becomes e Save changes to model Save changes and go to newly selected screen e Cancel changes Move to newly selected screen without saving changes e Edit changes Do not go to newly selected screen Note possible bug the configuration definitions editor does not seem to have an unsaved changes check LHS button bar not applicable Issue some of the in screen buttons may be moved to the LHS button to be decided later Menu options not applicable Dialogues to Add Delete etc ingredients within the editor remain as in Garp3 Editor contents Listed in the workspace of the main screen OWL icon Open help page should be removed Scenario definitions editor Open Click on icon in main screen Close by selecting another option in the main screen In principle any active option is possible RHS button bar should move to the LHS button bar main screen Some options disappear e Simulate selected scenario because already in main screen Edit selected scenario because already in main screen top level options and it can also be done by double clicking on the name of the wanted scenario For the buttons small icons should be used e g available from the Model fragments definition editor Menu options not applicable Dialogues to Add Del
138. uttons already done o Trace window becomes integrated in new workspace o Simulation preferences stays separate interactive dialogue Dependencies o ltisexpected that adding dependencies to a workspace In equalities Correspondences Proportionalities and Influences keeps working as in Garp3 and that this functionality requires no specific adaptation for the DynaLearn context However at the lower use levels some rewording within these dialogues will be required e g Proportionality Effects use level 3 e Sketch main screen o Only meta model options remain already shown in main screen DynaLearn e Background colour top button bar main screen Build Definition Build Simulate and Saved states o Should switch between dark selected and light not selected grey depending on selection being active e Extra new requirement Editable text in all workspaces at least in the main workspace o Similar to standard file name changing etc being able to edit a text field in workspaces by double clicking on the text field and type new text e g being able to change the names of model fragments in the Model fragments definition editor without having to open the properties dialogue first 18 4 Use level 6 How to move Garp3 screens functionality to DynaLearn e Save Open state graphs initial values and created paths o Saves for an existing simulation The state graph Created behaviour paths with this state graph
139. ved simulation and running a simulation except that there can be some stored selections There are multiple reasons why saved simulations are a key feature for an ILE such as DynaLearn Firstly this functionality is used to enable multiple simulation support Secondly it allows students to quickly inspect simulations without having to run the simulation themselves which for complex models may take time Thirdly the saved simulations allow users to quickly switch between models made by learners and an expert model running in the background which for example can be important when the learner is being guided towards a more correct or more complicated model 10 1 Multiple simulations Multiple simulation support was implemented in such a way that there is no limit to the number of simulations that can run in parallel From the perspective of usability the question was how the functionality should be constrained in order to be understandable for the learner In the design we have chosen to have a single simulation per scenario That is the simulation buttons will either start a new simulation if it does not exist yet or bring the user to the current simulation of the scenario Once in the simulation environment the learner can choose to restart the simulation Multiple simulation support takes the multiple model support into consideration as well It is only possible to investigate simulations that belong to the currently active set of mode
140. y different interdependencies and 2 those interdependencies can be nested arbitrarily deep a thorough programming solution had to be invented to make the propagation of changes possible Also some changes may have such intricate interdependencies that it should be disallowed to push certain changes through For instance the user is normally free to change the values of a quantity space But once an inequality relation between two point values belonging to the quantity spaces of different quantities has been added it is no longer allowed to change those values The reason for this is that the previously instigated inequality may no longer hold for the changed value Examples like these which are numerous throughout the DynaLearn ILE necessitate the incorporation of a method that checks whether a given change is allowed to be called or not Moreover in those cases in which a change is not allowed to be pushed though for a specific reason that reason should be communicated to the user In order to encompass the above consideration the change requestor was made see also Figure 13 1 Change requestors are used for checking whether changes to a model are valid for processing the changes and for updating the workspaces that are influenced by the change The change requestor objects can encapsulate complex changes In order to be able to do this the change requestor object needs the following attributes An identifier for each type of chang

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