SWFView User`s Manual
Contents
1. Geometry Browser Fuselage bottom Fuselage bottom Fuel tank canopy canopy trim Fuselage body dark blue Fuselage trim before outer nozzles outer nozzle fuselage body grey Fuselage body light blue nose radome outer inlet body Fuselage Fuel tank dark blue Fuselage Fuel tank grey Fuselage Fuel tank light blue i engine LP inner nozzles inner inlets and compressor Face turbine Face is leftwing LR left wing bottom left wing top dark blue left wing top light blue left wing top grey rightwing LR tight wing botto SWFView s geometry browser window displays a heirarchical list of the parts and patches in the open model The Geometry Browser located in the left hand pane of the main window is a tree list structure showing the heirarchical part patch structure of the wireframe model Since this application is primarily intended for working with SPIRITS wireframe files geometry models imported from other file formats will be restructured automatically into this format 2 1 1 Mouse Behavior 2 1 1 1 Single Clicking Clicking on a part or patch name in the Geometry Browser window will highlight that component within the Display Window You may shift click in the browser to select a range of parts and patches By control clicking you can select noncontiguous items in the browser To clear your selection click in an empty region of the Geometry Browser window or select Clear Selection from the Edit menu 2 1 12. See also the Patch Key Dialog reference 3 2 Aerodynamic Shape Dialog The SPIRITS wireframe format provides inputs for two types of aerodynamic heat transfer models that depend on the shape parameters of the vehicle The first type of model is the aerodynamic wing model As can be seen in the following image selecting the wing model for a part requires the user to input four points x y z triplets on the leading and trailing edges of the wing In addition the user must provide a value for the wing s lift coefficient Lines 1 and 2 of the table of points are the end to end points of the wing s leading edge Lines 3 and 4 are the end to end points of the trailing edge of the wing Aerodynamic Shape Parameters Model Type LiFe Coefficient e Wing Fuselage 3 0000e 01 Shape Point Definitions A Y 3572999954 2 7 19000101 0 9859999962 2 16699991 Le 04899979 0 920000016 5 77 2999763 2 701999903 1 105999947 4 797999859 12 07199955 1 052999975 SWF View 1 99 8 25 49 The second type of aerodynamic shape model is for the fuselage This model describes the shape of the front nose cone of the aircraft This model only requires two points to define Line 1 of the input table is for the point at the tip of the fuselage nose Line 2 is for a point on the top of the cone at its widest point Aerodynamic Shape Parameters Model Type LiFe Coefficient wing 2 Fuselage 3 0000e 01
3. Prepared by Aerodyne Research Inc 45 Manning Road Billerica MA 01821 10 February 2011 SWF View 1 99 8 Copyright c 2006 2010 Fred Bacon Permission is granted to copy distribute and or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License GFDL Version 1 1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation with no Invariant Sections no Front Cover Texts and no Back Cover Texts You can find a copy of the GFDL at this link or in the file COPYING DOCS distributed with this manual DOCUMENT AND MODIFIED VERSIONS OF THE DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED UN DER THE TERMS OF THE GNU FREE DOCUMENTATION LICENSE WITH THE FUR THER UNDERSTANDING THAT 1 DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN AS IS BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITA TION WARRANTIES THAT THE DOCUMENT OR MODIFIED VERSION OF THE DOCUMENT IS FREE OF DEFECTS MERCHANTABLE FIT FOR A PARTICU LAR PURPOSE OR NON INFRINGING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUAL ITY ACCURACY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE DOCUMENT OR MODIFIED VERSION OF THE DOCUMENT IS WITH YOU SHOULD ANY DOCUMENT OR MODIFIED VERSION PROVE DEFECTIVE IN ANY RESPECT YOU NOT THE INITIAL WRITER AUTHOR OR ANY CONTRIBUTOR ASSUME THE COST OF ANY NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE NO USE OF ANY DOCUMENT OR MODIFIED VERSION OF THE DOCUMENT IS AU THORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT
4. The funding for those hours has come from many contracts over the years but a couple of organizations and specific individuals deserve special recognition Malcolm Dinning and Torrey Deas of the Army s Aviation Applied Technology Directorate at Fort Eustis VA Lisa Hepfinger and Joe Venezia of the Army s Soldier Systems Center in Natick MA My collegues John Conant and Frank Iannarilli of Aerodyne Research Inc deserve special pity for having to test every minor modification that I make to the code
5. 2 Double Clicking Double clicking on a part or patch name in the Geometry Browser window will open the appropriate dialog box for editing the SPIRITS keys for the part or patch SWF View 1 99 8 5 49 See also Part Key Dialog Patch Key Dialog 2 2 Display Interactions It is possible for the user to adjust the display perspective via three methods in SWF View e The Mouse e The Keyboard e The Menus 2 2 1 Mouse actions Left clicking and draggin in the display window will rotate the wireframe If you imagine that the object is inside a glass sphere which is free to rotate then the behavior of dragging the mouse is like similar to what you would expect if you were use your hand to rotate the sphere via friction Right clicking on the display window allows you to drag the object from left to right and up and down within the frame with the mouse movement Clicking the middle button or pressing Ctrl key in conjunction with the Left mouse button allows you to zoom in and out on the object Moving the mouse vertically zooms in on the object Moving the mouse down zooms out 2 2 2 Keyboard Commands Pressing the R P or Y keys when the viewing area is active will roll pitch or yaw the object in its body centered coordinate system Pressing the J K and L keys will rotate about the X Y and Z screen coordinate system 2 2 3 Body Centered Coordinate Rotations SWF View 1 99 8 6 49 Use the Shift key to reverse the direc
6. UNDER THIS DISCLAIMER AND 2 UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY WHETHER IN TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE CONTRACT OR OTHERWISE SHALL THE AUTHOR INITIAL WRITER ANY CONTRIBUTOR OR ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF THE DOCUMENT OR MODIFIED VERSION OF THE DOCUMENT OR ANY SUP PLIER OF ANY OF SUCH PARTIES BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY DI RECT INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL WORK STOPPAGE COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION OR ANY AND ALL OTHER DAMAGES OR LOSSES ARISING OUT OF OR RELAT ING TO USE OF THE DOCUMENT AND MODIFIED VERSIONS OF THE DOCU MENT EVEN IF SUCH PARTY SHALL HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSI BILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES SWF View 1 99 8 COLLABORATORS TITLE SWFView 1 99 8 ACTION NAME DATE SIGNATURE REVISION HISTORY NUMBER DATE DESCRIPTION SWF View May 2010 Fred Bacon Manual Version Aerodyne 2 0 Research Inc SWF View December 2006 Fred Bacon Manual Version Aerodyne 1 0 1 Research Inc SWF View July 2006 Fred Bacon Manual Version Aerodyne 1 0 Research Inc SWF View 1 99 8 IV Contents 1 Introduction 1 Lal JA DOWD SWE VICW sos add ete ll dada Bees Ba a RAR ee 1 1 2 A Short History of OWE NICW geek aed dk ae SID GG dee q E OHSS eae eS 1 2 Main Window 3 Dl AGCOMCUIY DEON GEN mac as Mie de eee ait Sn See ea ae de de dd ds e be eee a dd 4 Dil Monse Behavior recspaa peace
7. We Ge dee on ee ee on io de de de ne de de he a ee ek ed Sy E library Error Dialog ses pe ires es E eS Ow ee ESA SDP de File Formats 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 Matrial Eme Romas s sereni o s pecas Syke gaa E be A aaea ee ee SD E Materials File Format mtx 4 2 2 4 4 eke oe oe ae ED EE dE Do eee EES Materials Definition Format a oa aoo Auxiliary Geometry Formats aoaaa ee Part Patch Order File Format conse S ia a VPSculpt Region File Format se ae a AA a ah E AR ee SETA er ke 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 22 23 23 24 25 27 28 28 29 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 33 33 34 35 36 37 SWF View 1 99 8 5 How Doll 5 1 How do I translate a model into SPIRITS wireframe format 2 5 2 How do I correct inverted facets ccccccccccccc 5 3 How do I combine multiple patches into one 0 0 0 00 4 5 4 How do I split a patch into multiple patches 0 0 0 5 5 How do I move a patch from one part to another 3 0 How do L rename a patch ss 64d oa eee Bee re eae O ME 5 7 How do I remove a patch or part from a model 5 8 How do I extract a part or patch to a new model 6 Acknowledgements 6d Third party SOMmware cada EE ER DDS AAA DD E O22 pedal Thank scene a dd E SD E E Ega DE GE dd o E O e a vi 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 47 SWF View 1 99 8 1 49 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 About SW
8. and saving the model into SPIRITS wireframe format will result in the loss of some data Saving the model back into the original third party format if supported will produce a model which is slightly different from the original i e names shortened missing data which could not be presented in the SPIRITS format etc Some formats OBJ and STL for example do not specifiy the physical units of the model The SPIRITS wireframe representation requires a set of units After translating the model and saving it into a wireframe file you will want to open the file with a text editor and set the units of the model to one of the following values M CM YD FT IN SWFView does not at this time provide a facility for setting this or for converting the units of a model See also Open File Dialog and SWF Library Error Dialog 5 2 How do correct inverted facets It often happens that a single facet will be inverted in a model relative to the other facets within the same patch Such inverted facets will result in holes in the rendered image To correct the orientation of a facet you should Click on the facet highlight toggle button in the toolbar to enter Facet Selection Mode Select the inverted facet with the mouse If there is more than one inverted facet hold down the Shift key to select multiple facets Click on the Flip Facet Normal an button on the toolbar Now you should save your model before continuing This
9. any quadrilaterals will be divided into two triangles e GNU Triangle Surface Format gts We do not currently use the GTS library to read this file format as a consquence we do not allow export to this format A GTS file contains a single surface This surface is imported as a single part and patch with both elements named after the imported file SWF View 1 99 8 37 49 e 3D Studio 3DS Mesh Format 3ds Support for this format is provided by a third party library We only import the 3D triangular mesh information from the file Each individual mesh in the file is imported to a separate part and patch in the SPIRITS representation The name for the part and patch is constructed from the mesh name in the 3DS model No other information is extracted from the file e FRED Facet Region Editor format fac both binary and ascii The FRED file format allows arbitrary flat polygons whereas the SPIRITS format is limited to triangles and quadrilaterals Polygons with more than four sides are subdivided into triangles on import The material index of a region in the FRED facet file is mapped to the pchref key of the SPIRITS model Each region of the model is mapped to a separate patch in the SPIRITS format e Georgia Tech Research Institute Facet Format fac SWFView maps each thermal node of the GTRI model into a separate part and patch within the SPIRITS wireframe model The name of the thermal node will be used to name the part and the pat
10. by the name of the region file This is followed by a list of named regions a color associated with that region and a list of absolute facet indexes for the facet that compose the region The region name is preceded by the Region keyword The color of the region is preceded by the keyword Color The sign is a comment to end of line Since neither VPSculpt nor the OBJ format support heirarchical groupings of facets in the manner of the wireframe file we generate a region name by concatenating the part and patch names from the wireframe file into a single 80 character string All white space is replaced by equal signs as the OBJ format does not permit white space in a region name This encoding along with the Part Patch Order File allows SWF View to reconstruct the original heirarchical structure of the model The following section illustrates the structure of a VPSculpt region file Example 4 3 VPSculpt Region File File home bacon projects swfview doc html fiat rgn of Regions 23 Region Pires LEE SS SS SS bre Color 128 128 128 of Facets 704 123 E 702 703 704 Region ires LEE SS SS rG ve Color 128 128 128 of Facets 352 705 706 SWF View 1 99 8 44 49 Chapter 5 How Do l There are a number of useful wireframe manipulations that can be performed with SWF View that are not obvious to the beginner One of the most important is reorganizing the parts and patches of a model imported from a diffe
11. e Color Key The color key is currently unused e Temperature Key The temperature key positive integers are recommended standard fuselage the user will be requested for a temperature value for each temperature key greater than 1 if not defined use the corresponding PRT TEM value In SPIRITS AC2 if the hot parts temperature defined in SPIRITS IO in the TRBEIO namelist variable HOTTMP is also defined as the temperature source in HARDIO namelist variable HOTTMP then the temperatures are automatically read without user intervention e Exterior Key The exterior key Exterior key used to set exterior convection model Non zero values must be entries in the EXTERIOR section of the Thermal File Available values are global vehicle convection unless superceded by an entry in an Exterior Flowfield file rotating propeller e Interior Key The interior key is used to set interior thermal boundary type Non zero values must be entries in the INTERIOR section of the Thermal File Available values are insulated no heat flux to interior heat load non equilibrium thermal mass constant temperature interior air cooled heat source See also the Part Key Dialog reference SWF View 1 99 8 27 49 3 4 Translate Object Dialog MM Translate Object Bounding Box Center ba foco 0 0715003 Feet 2 r G Translate When SWF View opens a wireframe file it computes a bounding box which contains the entire model The cen
12. patch click on the patch either in the display window or in the Geometry Browser while holding down the Ctrl key Once you have selected all of the patches you wish to merge into a single patch click on the e merge patches icon in the Edit Toolbar This will merge all of the selected patches into a single patch leaving the new patch highlighted in both the display window and the Geometry Browser window At this point you may wish to rename the patch or move the patch to a new part 5 4 How do split a patch into multiple patches A common task you might need to perform on a wireframe model particularly one imported from another format is to reorganize the current facets into a new part patch structure This may require that you divide a given patch up into multiple patches SWFView provides a means to accomplish this task The first step in dividing a patch is to select the facets in the current patch that you wish to extract to a new patch You do this by entering Facet Selection mode To enter this mode click on the As Facet Highlight icon in the Edit Toolbar Now you may select any facet in the model by holding down the Ctrl key and clicking on the facet with the left mouse button in the display window To aide you in selecting the desired facets the facet under the mouse will be highlighted To deselect a facet Ctrl click on the facet a second time or simply exit Facet Selection mode by toggling the icon Once you have se
13. the lt diffuse tag will be used for both The specular emission and shininess material attributes may or may not exist Even if they are specified they may be enabled or disabled by setting the attribute enabled equal to true or false The diffuse ambient specular and emission material attributes are all specified by a comma sepa rated list of three or four numbers in the range of 0 to 1 The four numbers specify the red green blue and alpha channels for the color If the value for the alpha transparency channel is not present it is assumed to be 1 opaque The alpha channel is present only for future use SWF View does not currently support transparent materials The shininess parameter is a single valued quantity that specifies the breadth of the specular reflec tion lobe The lower the value the broader the lobe The behavior of all of these values are inherited from OpenGL s lighting model See also Materials Editor 4 3 Materials Definition Format The materials def file format is the older and simpler format for specifying material properties to SWF View The format is a plain text file On the first line is an integer representing the number of material definitions to follow The is one material definition per line Each material line consists of three floating point numbers between 0 0 and 1 0 that are white space delimited The remainder of the line is assumed to be a text string which provides a human readable n
14. the position of the light is specified relative to the camera or the target When the light is fixed relative to the camera it will move with the sensor This is the default behavior In some respects it behaves as though the camera and the light are locked together as the camera is moved around the model The other option is to fix the light relative to the target model This is equivalent to having a fixed illumination in the scene which does not move as the camera moves around the model The next concept you must understand is the distinction between a Directional and a Postional light A directional light is treated as though it is located at infinity and all light rays are parallel A positional light has a finite distance and diverging light rays A positional light may either be like a light bulb which radiates in all directions or like a spotlight SWF View 1 99 8 36 49 which radiates in a narrow but adjustable cone of light For more information on the lighting parameters you should consult a reference book on OpenGL 3 15 Open File Dialog r Open File Look in C9 SWFView 7 Examples bd O graphics My Recent Documents Desktop My Documents gs Shamus q 2 My Network File name laces Files of type SPIRITS wireframes wir wo PMO Vertex File ver PATRAN Neutral File out PATRAN File ntr FRED or GTRI Facet Files fac FAC GN
15. this file HARDBODY automatically gives the same name to the reflected part with the suffix replaced with R and vice versa e Part Symmetry the part should not be reflected in the xz plane Unselected A value of zero overrides the global object reflection parameter Selected part is reflected in the xz plane SWF View 1 99 8 24 49 Reflectance Key The reflectance key is used to specify the spatial distribution of the BRDF paint parameters Note Positive integers are recommended and 1 is reserved for plumes PRTREF is applied to any patch which has PCHREF 0 Color Key The color key is currently unused Temperature Key The temperature key positive integers are recommended standard fuselage the user will be prompted for a temperature value for each temperature key greater than 1 if not defined as indicated below PRTTEM is applied to any patch in the part which has PCHTEM 0 In SPIRITS AC2 if the hot parts temperature defined in SPIRITS IO in the TRBEIO namelist variable HOTTMP is also de fined as the temperature source in HARDIO namelist variable HOTTMP then the temperatures are automatically read without user intervention Exterior Key The exterior key will be applied to any patch within the part having PCHLEK 0 See the description for the patch key definition Interior Key The interior key will be applied to any patch within the part having PCHHLD 0 See the PCHHLD description below for definition
16. three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points y Close After loading a model into SWFView you may be presented with a dialog box which displays information about errors encountered during the model import Generally these errors consist of messages that a zero area facet was removed from the model This will generally happen when two or more vertex points are coincident or the verticies are colinear These model errors typically are created by translating a model from one format into the SPIRITS format When saving a model into the SPIRITS wireframe format two or more points may become coincident due to the limited precision of the SPIRITS wireframe representation Points which were distinct in the representation of a third party format may become identical when saved to a SPIRITS wireframe format To remove these facets permanently we recommend the following procedure when translating a model into the SPIRITS wireframe representation with SWFView SWF View 1 99 8 38 49 e Import the model into SWF View e Save the model into a wireframe file e Open the new wireframe file in SWF View e If SWF View reports any zero area facets save the file and reopen it Any zero area facets created by the change in precision between formats has been eliminated The error dialog box allows
17. tooltips will provide a brief description of a user interface element when the mouse hovers over the element Many user interface elements have additional documentation available that can be accessed via this option Selecting this option and clicking on an element of the user interface will display additional documentation if it is available SWF View 1 99 8 19 49 2 14 SWFView s Tool Bars isax Soa o CRASSA SWF View contains a small number of toolbars which provide easy access to some of the more important functions of the application e File Tools Provides quick access to some of the important File menu items e Edit Tools Provides quick access to functions for reorganizing the model e Camera Tools Allows the user to switch between different view directions 2 15 The File Tool Bar la aX Open Click this button to open a new file You can also use Ctrl O or select the Open command from the File menu Save Click this button to save the current model to a file This will always save as wireframe file which is not necessarily the original file type You can also use Ctrl S or select the Save command from the File menu Print Click on this button to print the display window You can also use Ctrl P or select the Print from the File menu LE Exit Click this button to exit SWFView You can also use Ctrl Q or select the Exit command from the File menu What s This Click this button to ente
18. wie eo AA yaa 4 Zell Me UCM rs ai dis ad Be GSI CRU TO A O SA O 4 Bello Double CHENE asus be dose ra oe Dodo SS So do ce ee a e a 4 222 Display Intrac Ons bsp te a SI ARA Era 5 Ze od ANOS CACHONDA ie Waa ace e fas E Ato ee AR AAA 5 22 2 Keyboard Commands e664 24 eo www ae ee ee A Be ES 5 2 2 3 Body Centered Coordinate Rotations 0 5 23 OWE Views Menus E atta es as ED ORR nd E Rea SS OES A 6 2A Phe Eile Menm pese iara EEE SA SRA ES 6 2d des es liters VME sde isis sena Sat See oie et see sad Gs Qe Bi eS Se SE cans ae 7 2 6 The Selection Menu aia awe oo eR Oe eR SEDGE a ESS OH 8 27 ihe Display Me ai EO ee ee EEE EEE A 9 Dafa Rondane Node assa sy sena te ase cee eee Se Bhs GE HRs DUROS Seg ee gs eee E 9 2 1 Backoround COOL quis ane AD a E Se a 10 273 Dipa OUDLIOAS esa genre ad a eric jo SOG ae BERS a eS 10 Die Ser aera AP Gata Westnet carca a Shoe ds a eae HS ew Ses ee Bs ee a 12 29 The Lights Men s eai ard eRe we ek ie Ree dE de de A A Ge 13 2 10 The Materials Men 120 obi ah ae ep ei Aw BS HS ee ds HH e LDL ES 14 2 10 1 Specifying Materials for Display 0 2 20008 14 2102 Pant Mode ss trad ete adas ce e ede de he he He BR eS en 14 SWF View 1 99 8 2 11 2 12 2 13 2 14 2 15 2 16 2 17 2 18 Mier Wlodel Men ss a ata dade bode do oe oo te ROA ede e de E ee a ds Me Tools VIC Wily ashes JE DUO oie Sheen Grae S See Gee ee eee E The Help Mensageria eg oe Oe hoo EUA ELO
19. FView SWF View is a geometry browser and translator for 3D models used with SPIRITS The code was developed to allow SPIRITS and PMO users to visualize models translate foreign file formats into the SPIRITS wireframe format and set part and patch attributes in an easy to use graphical user interface SWF View is unsupported software because there is no financial support for working on the code Modifications and upgrades are dependent on ongoing contracts and the whim of the developers so use it at your own risk However since the software is used on a daily basis at Aerodyne the code is fairly stable and productive A low volume mailing list for SWF View is available at Aerodyne To subscribe go to https mailman aerodyne com mailman listinfo swfview and fill out the sub scription form Notices of major new releases are announced on this mailing list Any discussions concerning the software can be made on this mailing list or sent directly to bacon aerodyne com While SWF View is open source the code is the property of Aerodyne Research Inc of Billerica Massachussets except those third party libraries developed by others and noted in the source code distribution 1 2 A Short History of SWFView I did not set out to write a geometry editor for SPIRITS wireframe models Instead SWF View grew through accretion This chaotic development process is responsible for the sometimes odd feature set present in the code The ol
20. Light Facets button allows the user to toggle in and out of Facet Selection Mode When in facet selection mode a facet will be highlighted in red when the mouse is over that facet The relative facet index see the SPIRITS documentation will be displayed in the statusbar You can select multiple facets by holding down the shift key and clicking on each facet with the left mouse button To deselect a facet you need to shift click on the facet a second time SWF View 1 99 8 21 49 2 17 The Camera Tool Bar we haeees From top to bottom the camera options specified in this tool bar are Top Ctrl T Bottom Ctrl B Front Ctrl F Back Ctrl K Left Ctrl L Right Ctrl R Projection Ctrl P Camera Open a dialog to set the camera position relative to the target 3 Aim Point Set the sensor aim point in 3D space Allowing the mouse to hover over a button will display a tooltip giving the name of the view direction The view icons are based on the following geometry of a cube The face marked with the F denotes the Front of the cube The face marked with an L denotes the Left etc This assumes that the SWF View 1 99 8 22 49 positive x direction for the cube is to the right and out of the screen The positive y direction is to the right and into the screen The positive z direction is towards the top of the screen A model imported from a third party format may or may not be in this orientation Th
21. SS Eee SWE View s Too Bars ela m w pemean EME EYER SORES E The Ele OOM ar sms a SIN SN AE AA AA A E Rd E oa e E 2 16 L Facet selection Mode sz ps ers BOSE ALE Ep e Sd Rew E The Camera Tool Bar ssa Essas a dE we Dog do SE Mp aa SE E V SA nossa e aos cae ee sega o Ee ndo nae oie CEP ie va ei UE REP UE Dl SD BE Eo Se Se ey ts ee ae Common Dialog Boxes 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 9 3 6 3 1 3 8 3 9 3 10 3 11 3 12 3 13 3 14 3 15 3 16 Dart SC DIA cece nb enea ds sus ata Soe See Ls bei OS ae eee sas S Aerodynamic Shape Dialog 0 0 0 000 2 eee ee Patch Key Dio cripta PAS AAA Translate Object Dialog ss us aa ee ESR Ee DA rotate Ob ect Digloe ss 2 6 a ee ee BG eae oS HE E A RE ES Scale Object DIOS A tomas nae ao ands thee on A it he ak BO Dk ede See de Materials Editor Dialog de desde Ro Gb ves i ee Ge at ww eh fe a E A ee A Sd Dialos Box Layout vaya E TREE ED E ME TETE VE SS Eya a Materials Eist sece dl ea a VS A ae co Re a ee E 3 7 3 Material Properties 2 0 4 44 024 EE 545 E E ES ewe Rees Ot o ca RE dg da A ER Ge By ot ene we ee ee om Se eS AN Plime Table Editor Dialog corra ci ss fb E E Eee ea AAA Wireframe Info Dialog uE Estes eee Beers Oe Re A ER de Go ES A e Ex pone ODDS AA ass oe do eds ENEE Ai OLA LDO qe ANA AO E indo amp be ee SS es Camera Position Dialog s a teat eed tahoe Cae bee eos IPO CIOL os ae Bare a Ave Be EUR TA eke SE A de a oh ho a a ES Oper Pile igloo y aspas cia a
22. Set Origin to All Camera Position Top CErl T Bottom trl B Left Ctrl L Right Ckri R Front Ctrl F Back Ctrl k Projection Ctrl F d E y y Bs ch Es The following fixed view points are defined in SWF View The corresponding name and keyboard shortcuts for switching to these views are shown below SWF View 1 99 8 13 49 TopCtrl T BottomCtrl B FrontCtrl F BackCtrl K Left Ctrl L RightCtrl R ProjectionCtrl P 2 9 The Lights Menu O Materials Move Lights Edit Lights Edit Global Ambient Light Import Lights Export Lights SWF View 1 99 8 14 49 2 10 The Materials Menu BESAS Model Tools Edit Materials Import Materials Export Materials Uniform By Part By Patch By Paint By Color Key By Temperature Key By Facet Index 2 10 1 Specifying Materials for Display e Edit Materials Opens a dialog box that allows you to create edit and export material defini tions e Import Materials Import material definitions from a file e Export Materials Export material definitions to a file for later use 2 10 2 Paint Mode The second section of the Materials menu determines how the model is painted in the display The colors are determined by the Materials defined by the user Materials can be imported from a file or defined in the Materials Editor Dialog Colors are assigned to parts patches paint keys and color keys in order of their definition When t
23. Shape Point Definitions A Y 31572999954 2 7 19000101 0 939539999962 2 16699991 12 04699979 0 920000016 For additional information on the aerodynamic shape parameters see the SPIRITS documentation See also Part Key Dialog 3 3 Patch Key Dialog Patch Key Editor Patch Name left wing bottom Part Mame leFtwing LR e Patch Keys Handedness Key Right Temperature Rey 1 Reflectance Key E Exterior Key Color Key 1 E Interior Key The patch key dialog box provides you will a simple interface for editing the various keys for a patch e Patch Name The patch name is a string of up to 40 characters which must be unique to this part Two patches may have identical names only if they belong to different parts e Part Name The part name specified by the combo box is the name of one of the parts of the object e Handedness Key The handedness key is used in computation of facet normal SWF View 1 99 8 26 49 standard convention for the normal vector non standard opposite convention for the normal vector duplicate patches are created with opposite handedness giving a front and back side for each facet in the patch the use of this option is not recommended e Reflectance Key The reflectance key is used to specify the spatial distribution of the BRDF paint parameters Positive integers are recommended and 1 is reserved for plume A zero defaults to the part reflectance value
24. U Triangulated Surface File gts 3D Studio File 3ds 3DS Wavefront Object File obj OBJ StereoLithography File stl STL t x x All wir uno ver fac FAC gts 3ds 3DS By default the open file dialog will only display filenames with the extensions associated with SPIRITS wireframe file format wir and wxo If you wish to import a model from a different format then you can use the File Types drop down menu at the bottom of the open file dialog box to select the appropriate filter for the file type you want to import Currently SWF View support the following file formats e SPIRITS Wireframe Format wir wxo SWF Views internal structures are designed around the format for this this file type Importing or exporting models as other formats may lead to loss of information e PMO Vertex Format ver this is a format specific to Aerodyne s Paint Map Optimizer code e Wavefront Object File obj SWF View will attempt to assign pchref keys based on any materials defined in the model The code used to read this format is from a third party library It is slow and is known to leak memory e StereoLithography Format stl both binary and ascii The STL format defines the surface as a collection of triangles with no grouping available The entire model will converted into a single part and patch whose names are derived from the solid model name in the STL file When exporting a SPIRITS model into this format
25. ad the model units set correctly This menu item allows you to define the system of units in which the model is expressed e Change Wireframe Units At times it is advantageous to convert a model from one system of units to another This menu item opens a dialog which allows you to convert the model from one system of units to another e Edit Comments Opens a simple text editor for adding or editing comments to a SPIRITS wireframe file e Edit Plume Table Opens a dialog box where you can add modify or delete plumes from the model See also Translate Object Dialog Rotate Object Dialog and Scale Object Dialog references SWF View 1 99 8 18 49 2 12 The Tools Menu 2 13 The Help Menu Geometry Browser Repaint All Elements Material Coverage UN Hide Facet Backs E Show Plume vectors E Hide Reflected Parts ath gt of Merge Selected a About About ct Help Browser Enable ToolTips What s This The Help menu provides online assistance to the user by allowing them to access the documentation system About SWF View About Qt Help Browser Show Hide Tooltips What s This Opens a dialog giving the version number and release date of this software Opens a dialog box giving information about the Qt library version used in the software Opens this online help documentation system Provides a means for the user to turn popup tooltips balloon help on or off When enabled
26. ame for the material The name is optional If no name is provided a name will be generated automatically by the software Any trailing white space will be trimmed from the input name The following is an example of a materials def file SWF View 1 99 8 Example 4 1 Example Materials Definition File 25 50 81 44 37 57 50 88 38 81 43 68 5 She nois not Tb 94 AS 00 00 o ell 68 50 38 25 10 Oo So Coo Or TCC Re 2 2 eo Oe eee Oe SJ Qo oo QP oo eGo 2 2 SO eo 2 2 ESOO Co Oo eC Sc 38 63 50 50 56 15 56 43 43 31 Tb 68 31 63 25 Sol 38 57 00 81 68 50 38 25 10 Sao oo oQre eg eq qo oo 2 oo 22 2 foro Ss oe 56 68 5 ol Bes 69 25 09 44 50 30 24 63 seul Sl 18 63 69 00 81 68 50 38 25 10 Dark Skin Light Skin Blue Sky Foliage Blue Flower Bluish Green Orange Purplish Blue Moderate Red Purple Yellow Green Orange Yellow Blue Green Red Yellow Magenta Cyan White Neutral Neutral Neutral waa 00 01 al Neutral Black Macbeth Frame 41 49 While we often refer to this as a material def file it is only necessary for the extension for this format must be def Files of the type can only be imported from the Edit menu s Import Materials option It cannot be imported or exported from within the Edit Materials dialog box However once you have imported a def file you ma
27. and SPIRITS part keys Useful when you want to repartition a model imported from a different file format e Repaint All Elements Gives the user the option to set the reflection key for all parts and patches to a specified value e Material Coverage Builds a comma separated value list of areas for each material on every part From the dialog box you can save the text to a file for import into a spreadsheet SWF View 1 99 8 2 7 The Display Menu Camera Lights Ma Faceted Wire Frame Both Points Background Color Default Background Color Perspective Show Body Axes Show Coordinate Axes Show Facet Mormals Flat Shading 9 49 The Display menu is divided into three major sections The top most section determines how the model will be rendered in display window The middle section is used to turn on various optional display features The bottom section allows the user to colorize the model according to the selected part patch key We will go through these items one at a time to discuss their use 2 7 1 Rendering Mode The top section specifies the rendering mode of the model in the display window The options are Facet Wireframe Both and Points Only one rendering mode at a time can be selected The currently selected mode will have a checkmark displayed next to left of the mode s name Mode Description Each facet of the model is rendered as a pues flat plate with uniform shading Wireframe Only the ed
28. bient The material s ambient light reflectance color e Shininess The parameter defining the lobe width for the specular highlights e Specular The material s specular reflectance color e Emission If enabled this specifies the color of light emitted by the material At the bottom of this area are two buttons for adding and removing materials from the list The Delete button removed the currently selected material from the list The New button adds a new material to the list and makes it the currently selected material 3 7 4 Bugs The code associated with this dialog box is known to have a number of peculiar behaviors These bugs may result in the software displaying items with a different color than you anticipated due to reordering of the paint names with respect to paint indicies You may need to tinker around with this until you get the results you desire See also Material File Formats 3 8 Comment Editor Dialog SWF View 1 99 8 OLD NAME belly belly tank cockpit cockpit_trim dkblue_camo engine_mounts exh_nozzles in nozz grey camo hstab_ltblue inner intakes lft_hstab bottom lft hstab dkblue lft hstab grey ftir mcr hott oam Reset May 11 2004 Jac May 4 2004 FJI Modification History Correct patch naming for wings and horizontal fins as left and right were switched Split part vings lr up into leftwing lr and rightwing lr so we can add separate wing lead
29. button You may revert your edits by pressing the Revert button This will revert the table to its contents since the last time you clicked Apply or OK See also Edit Menu 3 10 Wireframe Info Dialog Total Parts 6 Total Patches 34 Tokal Facets 3390 Total rea LOS 15 FT Length 46 572 Width E Raf Height 9 524 The wireframe info dialog provides the user with a set of statistics on the contents of the wireframe model The part patch and facet counts and surface area include reflected components As a consequence the number of parts and patches in the actual wireframe file may be different The length width and height of the model are the maximum dimensions in the X Y and Z directions respectively of the model s coordinate system Areas and lengths are given in the wireframe units SWF View 1 99 8 33 49 3 11 Exporting OBJ Files MM Export OBJ Format Enable Auxiliary Files Order Key File Material Library WPScult Region File Convert to Triangles When you choose to export a model into the Wavefront OBJ file format you will be presented with this dialog This allows you to specify a number auxiliary files for the model e Order Key File Checking this option will generate an auxiliary file that can be used to restore the part and patch keys and the original order of the parts and patches in the wireframe file should you choose to reimport the OBJ file into SWF View e Mat
30. ch However names of thermal nodes are allowed to be longer than the names of parts patches within SPIRITS As a result names may be truncated When exporting a SPIRITS wireframe to the GTRI Facet Format the thermal node will be named from the part and patch name in the SPIRITS model e PATRAN Neutral format out Support for this format is limited to importing the outer mold line or surface of the 3D model SWF View was not designed to import 3D finite element models 3 16 SWE Library Error Dialog SWF Library Errors Unexpected errors reading file unit cube stl Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Propping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three collinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with three colinear points Dropping facet with
31. dest components in SWF View are the functions for writing wireframe files These were written under a contract for the Navy when I needed to create a complex geometric model I wrote a small command line utility that allowed me to build my model one facet at a time The code was simple fragile and useful only to me at the time The next phase of development came when I decided to play with a software library for displaying 3D models in a window It was just for my own curiosity To display the models I had to write a file parser that would load a SPIRITS wireframe model into the data structures I had previously created for writing my earlier model Showing off the crude viewer to some of my coworkers I was SWF View 1 99 8 2 49 quickly barraged by requests to port the viewer from Linux to Windows Suddenly I had to find a way to create a real user interface that I could write for both Windows and Linux The fastest cheapest route was by using the Qt library from TrollTech Over the succeeding years that first crude viewer acquired new features as a succession of contracts found uses for the code Within Aerodyne the code was used by everyone working with SPIRITS and everyone needed changes made to accomodate their current projects With each modification SWF View became more useful and indispensible We needed geometry models translated from one format after another We began passing copies to our customers so that they could visual
32. e side of the cube visible from each view direction is highlighted in yellow in the associated icon See also Camera Menu 2 18 The Status Bar Patch Fuselage body grey relind 276 The status bar located at the bottom of the main window displays information about the front most part of the geometry under the mouse cursor As can be seen in the figure above the information presented is the name of the patch and the relative facet index within that patch of the facet under the mouse SWF View 1 99 8 23 49 Chapter 3 Common Dialog Boxes Many attributes of a SPIRITS wireframe model are accessible through dialog boxes Similarly the manner in which the model is displayed can be modified within SWFView via dialog boxes In this section we describe the most important dialog you are likely to need or encounter when using SWF View 3 1 Part Key Dialog Part Key Editor Part Name leftwing LR Part keys Reflect Part Temperature Key Reflectance Key 1 Exterior Key Color Kev 1 Interior Key Serodynamic Shape Use Aerodynamics Edit Parameters The part key dialog box provides you will a simple interface for editing the various keys for a part e Part Name The part name can be up to 40 characters long If a part is to be reflected through the x z plane SYMOBJ 1 in LINE2 and PRTSYM 1 it is recommended that the part name have the suffix L if the left side of the object is defined in
33. erial Library Checking this option will generate a material library file in the Wavefront format from the materials defined within SWF View e VPSculpt Region File This is a special file used with VPSculpt to define geometric regions It is only useful for importing the OBJ file into the VPSculpt application e Convert to Triangles The SPIRITS wireframe file supports both triangles and quadrilaterals Checking this box will cause SWF View to convert all quads into triangles when exporting to the Wavefront OBJ format 3 12 Aim Point Dialog MM Aim Point Aim Point wireframe units 14 527 Y 0 0715003 2 706 Cancel SWF View 1 99 8 34 49 The aim point dialog provides the user with a means of specifying the point in three dimensional space at which the camera is aimed This becomes the center of rotation about which the camera is moved when you use the mouse or keyboard shortcuts to rotate the model The X Y and Z coordinates of the aim point are defined in terms of wireframe units and are given relative to the Basic Coordinate System 3 13 Camera Position Dialog Sensor Position Degrees Zenith Azimuth The Camera Position dialog allows you to specify the location of the camera sensor relative to the model using the zenith and azimuth angles as used in SPIRITS These angles are specified relative to the Basic Coordinate System of the wireframe model The all angles are specified in degrees no
34. flection Generally this is the left side See also Edit Menu 5 8 How do extract a part or patch to a new model It is sometimes desirable to extract a small portion of a model into a new wireframe file This is really just an extreme form of deleting elements from the model You simply need to mark all of SWF View 1 99 8 48 49 the parts and patches of the model except those you wish to remove and choose Hide Selection from the Edit Menu To make the task of selecting all but a few items a little easier there is an Invert Selection option provided in the Edit Menu However you must be careful when using this option if you want to obtain the correct results A patch is always the child of a part In order for a patch to be visible and thus saved to a file both the patch and its parent part must be visible If you simply select a patch in the Geometry Browser and then invert the selection then the parent part which owns the patch will be selected Now if you hide the selected elements the patch you were attempting to isolate will be hidden because you hid its parent part To use the Invert Selection option to hide everything but a single patch or small group of patches you must select the parts containing the selected patches before calling Invert Selection This will ensure that the patches remain visible and will be saved after you hide the selected items In short follow the steps outlined below to extract a pa
35. ges of the facets are rendered on screen The facets are rendered as flat uniformly Both shaded plates with the edges highlighted in red Example SWF View 1 99 8 10 49 The verticies defining the model are Po oints rendered as a cloud of red points 2 7 2 Background Color e Set Background Color Allows the user to specify the background color for the display area e Default Background Color Restores the background color of the display area to its default value 2 7 3 Display Options The middle portion of the Display menu comprises a set of individual display options that operate in an ON OFF mode Each option may be toggled on and off by selecting the appropriate menu item When an option is on a checkmark will be displayed to the left of the option s name The one exception to this statement is the first option in this section Toggling between the Per spective mode and Orthographic mode changes the name of the menu item The normal operational mode is Perspective In this mode the menu will display the option Orthographic Selecting this menu item will then select the display to an orthographic projection and the menu item becomes Perspective Selecting the Perspective projection mode will return the display back to its original projection The difference between the two projections can be seen in the following images Perspective Orthographic Toggling the Show Body Axes option will re
36. gins with a tab to indicate that it is a patch The line for a part is always followed by the lines for the patches that belong to that part The following is an example of an ORD file Example 4 2 Part Patch Order File Tires LR LL LOOO 0 btires S L ilU 000 rftire SA OOOO lftire 31110000 Rims LR 1110000 brims A TLl LOOO rfrim 4 1 110 0 0 0 lfrim 41110000 Body LR 1110000 body Leip A dO OO handles 4 41 ot 10 0 00 hood center Ll l L00 front bumper o l L oog 0o rear bumper Sd E OO 0 0 Bottom LR LL LOOO bottom 5 tf 1 LO 0 0 bottom front 5S 1010000 catalytic convertor Sa ade UN O Engine LR fle e OO engine bottom 51210000 muffler 51310000 tailpipe DE r3 EO OCO Grill LR ets Or OOo grill ol nao O 0 0 Lights LR 1T I 10 000 whilgt 91110000 redlgt 10 1 11000 0 yellgt PP A do 0 0 00 Glass LR IO 20 00 glass ZO ZAS 0220 Trim LR LT TO 0 0 0 trim ALILO SWF View 1 99 8 43 49 4 6 VPSculpt Region File Format Note This format is primarily for Aerodyne s internal use The 3D application VPSculpt handles geometry import and export through the Wavefront OBJ format However the organization of a model s facets into individual regions is handled via the Region file To allow us to export wireframe models into VPSculpt and reimport them back into the SPIRITS wireframe format SWFView is able to read and write the region file used by VPSculpt The region file format is very simple Line one contains the keyword File followed
37. he Paint by Part option is selected the first material defined is placed on the first part The second defined is placed on the second part etc The same is true for the other options The following images demonstrate how each choice affects the display of a model Uniform Paint SWF View 1 99 8 15 49 By Part By Patch By Paint SWF View 1 99 8 See also Edit Material Dialog 16 49 By Color Key By Temperature Key By Facet Index SWF View 1 99 8 17 49 2 11 The Model Menu Gree Tools Help O Get Info Mew Part Translate Rotate Scale Set wireframe Units Change wireframe Units Edit Comments Edit Plume Table The Model menu collects together functionality to let you perform geometric transformations on the entire model The allowed transformations are e Get Info Opens a dialog box which displays summary information about the geometric model e New Part Creates a new SPIRITS type part in the model Opens a dialog box which allows you to edit the part keys and name e Translate Performs an arbitrary translation of the model thus moving the origin of coordinates e Rotate Performs arbitrary rotations about the X Roll Y Pitch and Z Yaw axes e Scale Scales the model in the X Y and Z directions Scale factor can be specified in either wireframe units or in percent of current size e Set Wireframe Units A model imported from another format may not have h
38. ing and trailing edge data Welded shut small cracks using Fred Bacon s Mar 13 1994 J D Chnaged patch and part names and assigned paint and temperature keys as follows NEW NAME fuselage bottom fuselage bottom fuel tank canopy canopy trim fuselage body dark blue fuselage trim before nozzle outer nozzles inner nozzles fuselage body grey horizontal fin top light blue inner inlets and compressor left horizontal fin bottom left horizontal fin top dark blue left horizontal fin top grey left mina hottom PAINT L MNA TEMP 1 FPP PNP EOP PP ER RR 31 49 weld utility FUEL TANK o 5200000000000000 v Apply The SPIRITS wireframe format allows for arbitrary text at the end of the file after the END OF FILE line The Edit Comments menu item in the Edit menu opens a simple text editor that allows you to view and modify these comments The comments are not saved to the file unless you choose the Save or Save As option from the File menu Five buttons along the bottom of the window allow the following actions Help Opens the Help Browser to this page Revert Restores the comment text to the text since the last Apply or OK Apply Sets the model s comment text to the text in the current window Cancel Discards any text changes made since the last Apply and closes the window OK Sets the model s comment text to the current text and closes the window Right clicki
39. ize the work we were doing for them We needed some way to create figures to put in reports Feature after feature was added sometimes in the heat of the moment with never a thought for the design of the software Throughout the development of SWF View the original design of the data structures from that first command line geometry editor have remained True they have acquired new fields expanding as required by each new feature but the core design has remained Those original design choices have hampered the code with a number of performance bottle necks One day I hope to replace those low level routines and data structures with a new design but until funding arrives from somewhere or I simply grow tired of the bottlenecks and tackle the problem in my spare time SWF View is going to have performance problems for models with more than 20 000 facets That s the current state of the code SWF View 1 99 8 3 49 Chapter 2 Main Window t38av4 wir Display Camera Lights Materials Model Tools Help 0 CAA SY vertical Fin LR ken e p o oe SWF View s main window The main window of SWFView consists of the Menu Bar the Toolbar the Geometry Browser the Display Window and the Status Bar On the Macintosh the menu bar will be at the top of the screen rather than in the window itself This is in keeping with the Apple s Human Interface Guidelines SWF View 1 99 8 4 49 2 1 Geometry Browser
40. lected the facets you wish to regroup into a new patch click on the Group Selected Facets button This will extract the selected facets from the patch that currently owns them and create a new part and patch to hold them At this point you may wish to move the new patch into a preexisting part or merge the new patch with a preexisting patch in the model 5 5 How do move a patch from one part to another Moving a patch from one part to another can be accomplished through the Patch Key Dialog 1 Open the dialog box for the patch you wish to move by double clicking on the patch name in the Geometry Browser Window 2 When the dialog opens click on the drop down combo box beside Belongs to Part and select the name of the part to which you wish to move the patch 3 Now click Apply or OK If you attempt to move a patch into a new part and the part already contains a patch with that name then you will get an error message The patch can not be moved until you give it a unique name within the target part The new location of the patch will be reflected immediately in the Geometry Browser window SWF View 1 99 8 47 49 Patch Key Editor Patch Name left wing bottom Part Name leftwing LR we body LR Patch Keys eae a leftwing LF el Talents rightwing LR horizontal Fins LR Reflectang vertical Fin LR If a part becomes empty after moving a patch the part continues to exist as an empty container for
41. ng in the text portion of the window will provide a context menu to let you cut copy or paste text into the comments 3 9 Plume Table Editor Dialog MM Edit t38a Plumes Vehicle Plumes 18 6590004 y Z 1 067000031 0 116999998687 SWF View 1 99 8 32 49 SPIRITS is able to model aircraft and rocket plumes provided an engine model is available In order to represent the plume when calculating the vehicle signature SPIRITS must know the position and orientation of the plume relative to the airframe This information is provided via the plume table in the wireframe file The Plume Table Editor provides a means for the user to create edit or view the plume table in a wireframe file by selecting Edit Plume Table from the Edit menu The dialog box shown above is presented to the user A plume entry consists of six floating point numbers The first three X Y Z give the point of attachment of the plume to the airframe The second three dX dY dZ make up the direction vector of the plume It is not necessary for the direction vector to be normalized to one To add a new plume to the model click on the Add button below and to the right of the table A new row will be added to the table Enter the attachment point and the direction vector for the plume in the new row To delete a plume from the table select the row by clicking in the appropriate row s header on the left of the table editor Now click the Delete
42. of a material in the viewer These material descriptions have no relation to the material properties of a SPIRITS paint The format of the mtx file is very simple The document type is named MaterialLibrary It contains one top level element of type Materials The lt Materials gt tag has one attribute the version number This version number allows for future expansion of the format It should always be equal to 1 0 SWF View 1 99 8 40 49 The Materials element contains a sequence of lt material gt lt material gt objects which specify the list of individual materials in the library The following shows a material library containing exactly one material lt DOCTYPE MaterialLibrary gt lt Materials version 1 0 gt lt material gt lt name gt Light Blue lt name gt lt diffuse gt 0 521569 0 576471 0 741176 1 lt diffuse gt lt ambient gt 0 521569 0 576471 0 741176 1 lt ambient gt lt specular enabled true gt 0 141176 0 141176 0 141176 1 lt specular gt lt emission enabled false gt 0 0 0 1 lt emission gt lt shininess enabled true gt 10 lt shininess gt lt material gt lt Materials gt The listing above shows all of the tags defined for the lt material tag in this document type Only the lt name and lt diffuse tags are required Each material should have a unique name which may contain white space If the lt diffuse tag is specified and the lt ambient tag is not then the values defined for
43. of the browse window are two buttons The Export button allows the user to export the materials SWF View 1 99 8 30 49 definitions into a plain text XML file for future use The mtx format is defined in these help pages If you make any changes to a material s definition color or name then you must click the Apply button at the bottom of the window before you attempt to export to a file Otherwise the contents of the file will be different than you expected The Import button allows the user to import a material definition file that was previously exported This can also be done from the Import Materials item in the Edit menu Selecting a material name in the left hand browser window will make it available for editing in the right hand side pane If any changes were made to the previously selected material then those changes will remain in memory Reselecting the material will restore the modified values unless the Revert button was pressed No changes will applied to the model until either the Apply or OK buttons are pressed by the user 3 7 3 Material Properties The upper window in this region shows a smoothly shaded sphere painted with the material currently highlighted for editing Below this window is a list of the material properties and user interface elements for changing their values The list of properites includes e Name The material name assigned by the user e Diffuse The materials diffuse reflectance color e Am
44. operation does not reorder the facet indicies or change the part patch hierarchy in any way See also Edit Toolbar 5 3 How do combine multiple patches into one When importing a geometry model from a supported format it is often desirable to reorganize the model into a different part patch heirarchy than was created by the import routine In some cases this means that you may want to combine several patches into a single SPIRITS patch SWF View provides a way to do this simply and efficiently The first step is to select the patches you wish to combine into a single patch This can be done by selecting the patches in one of two ways You may select the patchs in the Geometry Browser pane on the left hand side of the main window Multiple patchs can be selected by holding down the Ctrl key and clicking on the patch name with the left mouse button Holding down the Shift key allows you to select a range of patches Clicking on the patch name a second time in the tree will deselect the item SWF View 1 99 8 46 49 When dealing with an unfamiliar model the naming convention for parts and patches may not always be readily apparent to the user For this reason you can also select patches in the display window with the mouse To select a patch with the mouse in the display window hold down the Ctrl key and click on the region of the model you wish to select SWF View will highlight the front most patch under the mouse cursor To unselect a
45. patches This gives you the opportunity to move patches back into the part later However if the part remains empty when you save the file the empty part will be deleted in the saved file See also Patch Key Dialog 5 6 How do rename a patch To rename a patch double click on the patch name in the Geometry Browser window This will open the Patch Key Dialog Simply edit the name of the patch in the dialog box and click the OK button Rememeber a patch name must be unique within a part You cannot have two patches with the same name in the same part If the new patch name is acceptable then the name will be changed If the new name is not acceptable a dialog box will open warning you that a patch with that name already exists 5 7 How dol remove a patch or part from a model Removing a patch or part from a model is slightly tricky because of the conservative manner in which SWF View handles the task SWFView does not have a deletion operation for parts and patches Instead to remove one you must first Hide the item with the appropriate Edit Menu option and then save the model to a file Hidden parts and patches are removed from a model when you save it provided the hidden part or patch was not generated as a reflection of another part patch Elements generated by a part reflection key are never saved to a file regardless of whether they are visible or hidden So you must always work with the original part used to create the re
46. r What s this mode In this mode the cursor will change to an arrow with a hi question mark Clicking on a user interface element will display popup help for the element SWF View 1 99 8 20 49 2 16 Edit Tools Normal Operational Mode Facet Selection Mode YH O EY MU O ho E Merge Selected Click on this button to merge any selected patches into a single patch Only patches are merged by this operation Any selected parts are ignored but selected patches within them will be merged Patches can be merged across parts Group Marked Facets When in Facet Selection Mode you can select or mark multiple facets in the display window with the mouse Clicking on this button will group the marked facets into a new patch They are removed from their original patches This operation is irreversible and is only available when in Facet Selection Mode Flip Facet Normals When in Facet Selection Mode you can select multiple facets in the display window with the mouse Clicking on this button will change the orientation of the marked facets This operation does not change the facet indexing Info Clicking on this button will open a dialog box that contains information on the number of parts patchs facets and dimensions of the model You can also access this dialog box by pressing Ctrl I on the keyboard Light Facets Click on this button to toggle between Facet Selection Mode 2 16 1 Facet Selection Mode The
47. rent 3D model format e How do I translate a model into SPIRITS wireframe format e How do I correct an inverted facet e How do I combine multiple patches into a single patch e How do I divide a patch into multiple patches e How do I move a patch from one part to another e How do I rename a patch e How do I delete a part or patch e How do I extract a part or patch to a file 5 1 How do translate a model into SPIRITS wireframe for mat Translating a model from a supported third party format into the SPIRITS wireframe format is as simple as choosing Open from the File menu The appropriate file loader will automatically convert the model into a common representation which can be saved into a SPIRITS wireframe model Below are a list of things which you must keep in mind when importing a third party model into SWF View for translation into the SPIRITS representation e Translation of Lightwave OBJ models may take several minutes if the model is very large Trans lators written entirely by Aerodyne will try to give you feedback on the progress of the translation However models loaded via third party libraries 3DS and Lightwave OBJ files do not offer a way to provide feed back during the file load SWF View 1 99 8 45 49 Imported models which contain more than 99999 verticies in a patch cannot be represented in a valid wireframe file Because of the difference in formats importing a third party model into SWF View
48. sult in the display of a set of three compass dials in each of the three coordinate planes The origin of the display coordinate system is the center of the bounding box containing the 3D model It is not necessarily at the origin of the actual model as represented in the on disk file Show Body Axes SWF View 1 99 8 11 49 Toggling the Hide Facet Backs option turns off the rendering of facets when viewed from the back This option exists to aide the user in identifying inverted facets The effect of enabling this option can be seen in the following figures Show Facet Backs Hide Facet Backs The next two options Show Facet Normals and Show Plume Vectors turn on the display of facet normals and the plume vectors defined in the wireframe model if any The first option exists to help identify inverted facets in the model The second option exists to help the user identify mispositioned plume vectors The effect of turning on these options can be seen in the following figures Show Facet Normals Show Plume Vectors SWF View 1 99 8 12 49 The normal operational mode of SWFView is to use a shading algorithm that results in a 3D effect By choosing the Flat Shading algorithm instead you can produce a flat cartoon like rendering algorithm that may be useful for producing illustrations Normal Shading Flat Shading 2 8 The Camera Menu Materials Moc Aim Point Field OF View Set Origin to Selected
49. t radians SWF View 1 99 8 35 49 3 14 Light Editor Enable Light A Name Camera Light 1 Light Type Positional v Fixed Relative to Camera v Light Parameters Position Ambient BN zenith 500 Diffuse Azimuth 120 0 Specular Range 1 Enable Attenuation Constant Linear Quadratic 1 0 0 Y Spot Light Parameters Direction Cut off 90 0 Zenith 180 0 Exponent 0 00 Azimuth 0 0 Help Revert Apply Cancel OK It s possible to control the lighting in SWF View using the light editor dialog box The default lighting in SWFView has been selected for the best effect during wireframe inspection but there are times when you may wish to view the model under a specific set of lighting conditions When this is the case you will need to edit the lighting parameters directly The Light Editor provides you with a simple to use interface for accessing all the lighting parameters of the OpenGL model There are several key concepts which need to be understood The first involves the number of components to the light model There are three basic contributors to a light the Ambient term which specifies an omnidirectional light the Diffuse term which defines the diffusely scattered directional component of the light and the Specular term which defines the color of the specularly scattered light Each of these terms is defined separately and all or none may be present in any particular light The second concept is how
50. tch to a new file 1 Select the patch you wish to extract to a file 2 Select the part that owns is the parent of the selected patch Choose Invert Selection from the Edit Menu E WwW Choose Hide Selection from the Edit Menu 5 Choose Save As from theFile Menu SWF View 1 99 8 49 49 Chapter 6 Acknowledgements SWF View makes use of a number of third party libraries for accessing geometry models 6 1 Third party Software We have made use of the following third party libraries in developing SWF View e libwave Importing Wavefront OBJ files is performed via a heavily modified version of David Pape s libwave library available from http www evl uic edu pape sw libwave html The library was never intended to be used in an application such as SWF View so it required a lot of modifi cation to plug memory leaks It s still terribly slow and needs a major rewrite e lib3ds Reading 3D Studio Max triangular mesh files is done via the lib3ds software package available from http lib3ds sourceforge net e gl2ps The ability to save a model to an scalable vector postscript file is provide by the gl2ps library developed by Christophe Geuzaine and available from his website at http www geuz org gl2ps e Qt Last but not least we ve made extensive use of the Qt library from TrollTech AS of Oslo Norway http www trolltech com 6 2 Special Thanks SWF View is the result of many man hours of labor
51. ted formats Print Is not currently available Instead you can save the model as a postscript file or PNG image Close Closes the current window If no other windows are open then the SWF View will exit Quit Closes all open windows and exits the application sale Selection Disple Reda Delete Preferences SWF View 1 99 8 8 49 2 6 The Selection Menu Selection Display Camera Select All Clear Selection Invert Selection Select By Key Hide Selection Show Selected Show All dy Facet Selection Mode HEI Patch Selection Mode it Park Selection Mode e Select All Selects and highlights all parts and patches in the model e Clear Selection Deselects and unhighlights any parts or patches that are currently selected e Invert Selection Inverts the selection of parts and patches e Select by Key Opens a dialog box which allows you to select parts and patches based on a specified key s value e Hide Selection Hides any selected parts or patches If a part is hidden then all of its patches are hidden by definition whether the patches are selected or not e Show Selected Any selected part or patch that is hidden will be displayed e Merge Selected If multiple patches are selected then they will be merged into a single patch There is no undo available for this action e Create New Part Creates a new part in the model and opens a dialog box so that you can specify the name
52. ter point of this box in the wireframe s coordinate system is the default center of rotation in the interface The coordinates of this center point are displayed in the upper portion of the Translate Object dialog box Below that are three text entry fields for entering the 3D translation vector for the entire model If you want to move the origin of coordinates to the center of the bounding box then you should enter the negative values of the current center point This will move every point in the model such that the new bounding box will be centered at the origin SWF View 1 99 8 28 49 3 5 Rotate Object Dialog MM Rotate Object El ES Rotations Degrees Rotations are performed about the global coordinate system s X roll Y pitch and Z yaw axes The rotations are performed in that order so that the you must be careful about the choice of transformations needed to obtain the desired effect If you need to perform your rotations in a different order then you should invoke this function multiple times Input angles are always given in degrees 3 6 Scale Object Dialog MN Dialog Current Dimensions Length 46 372 Width CAE Height 41524 Scale Factor O wireframe Units Percent Length 100 Width 100 Height 100 SWF View 1 99 8 29 49 You have two choices for specifying the scaling factor in this dialog box You may either specify the scaling as a percentage of the current dimensions or yo
53. tion of any of these commands 2 3 SWFView s Menus File Edit Selection Display Camera Lights Materials Model Tools Help Most of the functionality of SWF View is accessed through the applications menus File Menu File oriented operations Edit Menu Operations which affect the content of the model Selection Menu Operations which affect the selection of model sub components Display Menu Options which affect the on screen display of the model Camera Menu Select collection of fixed view directions Lights Menu Commands which allows you to control the lighting Materials Menu Access and apply material definitions to the model Model Menu Perform geometric transformations on model Tools Menu Functionality to enable you to modify the model s structure Help Menu Access to online help 2 4 The File Menu wis Edit Selection Dis Ci Mew E Open Cho Recent Dave Save AS Export Page Setup Print Preview El Print Close Y Exit The File menu has the following options Ctrl N New Opens a new window SWF View 1 99 8 Ctrl O Ctrl S Ctrl W Ctrl Q 2 5 The Edit Menu 7 49 Open Opens a new model If a model is open in the current window a new window will be opened automatically If no model is currently opened then the current window will be used Save Saves the current model to a SPIRITS type wireframe file Save As Allows you to save the open model in one of the suppor
54. u may specify the final dimensions of the scaled object in wireframe units 3 7 Materials Editor Dialog NM Edit Material Definitions Medium Blue Material Definition Mame Medium Blue Diffuse Ambient Shininess Cenc IO A material as defined for SWF View s display is a collection of surface reflectance and emission characteristics These properties have no bearing on the SPIRITS surface reflectance properties Thus SWF View materials only affect the manner in which the geometry model is displayed on screen The parameters which define these materials are part of the OpenGL lighting and materials model and a full understanding of them should be sought in the OpenGL documentation By default SWFView is initialized with a set of materials defined by the Macbeth Color Checker chart This set of materials provides a convenient set of color that are well separated in color space 3 7 1 Dialog Box Layout The dialog box can be broken into three regions The left hand side displays a list of the defined materials and has buttons for importing and exporting the list to a file The right hand side contains the interface elements for defining the reflectance characteristics of a material The third region is the bottom row of buttons used for accepting or rejecting the changes made within the dialog box 3 7 2 Materials List The left hand Materials List provides an ordered list of named defined materials At the bottom
55. y modify the definitions with the Edit Materials dialog box See also Edit Menu Materials Editor 4 4 Auxiliary Geometry Formats Geometry formats come in a wide variety of complexities Not all of them provide a means for accomodating the material descriptions provided in the SPIRITS wireframe model In order to preserve the information in the part and patch names and keys we have defined a set of auxiliary files to work with several external geometry editors This allows us to export a wireframe file to another format modify the geometry and reimport the geometry into SWFView without losing the SPIRITS specific model descriptors Part Patch Order File Format VPSculpt Region Format SWF View 1 99 8 42 49 4 5 Part Patch Order File Format The ord file provides a means for saving the part patch heirarchy of a SPIRITS wireframe file when exporting a geometry model to the Wavefront OBJ format The Wavefront OBJ format does not provide the sort of heirarchical structure that is possible in the wireframe format Thus when a model is exported to this format information is lost The part patch order file provides a means for preserving this information in the event that the OBJ file is to be reconverted into a wireframe file The order file consists of a series of lines one for each part and patch containing a 40 character string containing the name followed by the list of seven integer keys from the file A line for a patch always be
56. you to save the error messages into a text file in case you want to further investigate the cause of the errors SWF View 1 99 8 39 49 Chapter 4 File Formats Documentation for the wireframe format can be found in the SPIRITS manual Other geometry file formats supported by SWF View are not documented here due to their complexity However there are a number of file formats that are specific to SWF View that need to be discussed e Auxiliary Formats Several auxiliary files can be created when exporting wireframe files to external file formats e Materials Formats SWF View allows the user to import and export material descriptions so that you can map colors to wireframe paint keys 4 1 Material File Formats SWF View provides two file formats for importing and exporting material definitions Both are simple text formats but one format is based on XML The XML based file allows for the user to specify more parameters to the material properties The simpler materials def format allows the user to specify the diffuse color and name for materials e materials def A simple text format for specifying colors and names for materials e MTX Format XML based format for specifying all available parameters for a material See also Materials Editor 4 2 Materials File Format mtx The standard format for defining material properties for SWF View is the mtx file This is a simple XML file that defines the color and shininess
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