User`s Manual
Contents
1. Route gt amp When the route is split into multiple segments the segment bar on the left Mag Mag side of the form indicates how the route has been split Dist Trk Hdg ETE CYRO T Gy 106 278 279 007 Yow Qe 1850 249 252 1 47 CYTZ New Segment 1 30 CYTZ Ge 1 1944 064 061 137 vr CYRO 40 2 gal 390 1 3 31 17 CoPilot User s Manual From Rockcliffe Tapping on a segment bar opens a window that displays a summary of the To Toronto Island data for that segment If an alternate destination is defined a summary of the shi sg nm route to the alternate is also displayed see IFR Operations on page 16 ime T Fuel 21 4 gal Alt Distance Time Total Fuel Distance 195 6 nm Time 1 54 Fuel Wee gt EJE The Weight amp Balance and Flight Plan forms display separate subforms for 4 CYRO CYTZ be each segment Basic empty b Fuel max 50 gal gal Pilot Ib Front passenger Ib a Display the next segment Rear passenger b l Display the previous segment Rear passenger z lb Reserve Wgt Arm Copy data from the previous segment 2 51 Ramp 1988 38 6 F Takeoff 1978 836 Landing 1859 88 2 H Copy data from the next segment oNoFuel 1687 875 The Fuel Summary form displays the fuel summary for the currently 4 CYRO CYTZ e displayed segment Fuel Summary i w gal US w Ib Start Toxi 16 96 Top of Climb 2 12 4 Destination 128 8 Alternate Res2. Edit Aircraft Form 34 An aircraft can be duplicated using the Duplicate Aircraft menu item on the Aircraft menu of the Edit Aircraft form 35 Climb fuel consumption data can be entered as either the fuel flow at the specified altitude or the fuel used to the specified altitude Tap on the column header to select the appropriate method 26 CoPilot User s Manual Appendix B Weight amp Balance Database Entry CoPilot plots the weight and balance curves with arm on the horizontal axis and weight on the vertical axis If the aircraft manual presents the data in this format simply transfer the data directly into the WB 2 form The appropriate graph in Cessna manuals is usually called Center of Gravity Limits and the arm is referred to as Center of Gravity Location The Cirrus manuals refer to the graph as Weight amp Center of Gravity Envelope and they refer to arm as Fuselage Station or FS In the example shown the normal curve consists of points A B C D and E while the utility curve consists of points Arm inches A B F G and H This is an example the curves for another aircraft may be a completely different shape with a different number of points Edit Aircraft i JGen Cruise Climb Equip WE 1 KAA Normal Utility Weight Arm Weight Arm 1500 0 35 0 1500 0 35 0 ee Sasa T QH Ur If the aircraft manual plots the weight and balance curves with weight on the vertical axis
3. A route can be split into multiple segments A segment is defined as a set of legs that specify a subset of the total route for which separate calculations are desired For each segment a new weight and balance calculation is performed and a new flight plan is created Route gt Be The example shows a return trip from Toronto Island The route is considered Mag Mag one segment as indicated by the segment bar on the left side of the form Dist Trk Hdg ETE Since the weight amp balance is different for the return trip and a new flight CYRO i yD GI 106 278 279 00 plan must be filed the route is split into two segments YOW Qe 1850 249 252 1 47 CYTZ C Land and Takeoff CYTZ G gt I 1944 064 061 137 CYRO 40 2 gal 390 1 3 31 AEE M Edit Route iy There are two ways to split an existing segment The tiny dot before the IDETE waypoint identifiers opens an Edit Route dialog box This form allows the New segment at insertion of a new segment and the specification of the waypoint that will start the new segment This waypoint defaults to the primary destination of the previous segment Edit Leg 3 The Edit Leg form also has an option to start a new segment There is a End CYTZ segment bar on the left side of the waypoints Tapping on this bar changes the Toronto Island leg into a new segment leg Start CYTZ Toronto Island Start new segment Ground time Hours 1 Minutes 30 DepartureTime 18 54 Z
4. T O Costs 75 90 72 39 3 00 E Fuel 4 00 per gal v per hour w per flight w of subtotal k v ses 501 93 The other lines are used to enter other costs and specify how they are measured The of Subtotal item may be used to add taxes or other overheads In the example the total cost is increased by 5 A blank selection in the popup causes the entry to be ignored without having to erase the description and cost value 20 CoPilot User s Manual Printing CoPilot has a facility for printing flight information on IR Infra Red equipped printers There is a Print item on the Flight menu A third party print application must be installed on the Palm handheld to support this capability Currently supported applications are PalmPrint http www stevenscreek com TealPrint http www tealpoint com It is also possible to send the print output to the clipboard or directly to a Memo In order for the output to be formatted properly the data must be printed with a fixed pitch font e g Courier Rockcliffe to Toronto Island Aircraft C GXBU Pilot Davis Laurie Date Sat Jan 12 2002 Time 15 30 Z 10 30 am Dist MagTrk TAS ETE ETA Wind Alt MagHdg GS Cum Fuel Airway CYRO 10 6 278 Iri 0 07 Alo eS i 270 10 1500 279 101 0 07 123 YOW 185 0 249 rS 1 47 17 24 270 10 6500 252 107 1 54 18 5 CYTZ There are a few restrictions regarding how the printing software should be configured e The font mus
5. 4 Edit Pilot Send Pilot New Waypoint CEI Edit Flight Options New Aircraft The edit items open forms with a list of the items in the database For i i example the Edit Aircraft item opens a form with a list of all the aircraft in et Helena the aircraft database When an aircraft is selected the data entry form for the werteresrerernentenerentneresrenennsnsnnnnnnnnhe specified aircraft opens The Record menu also has items to send an aircraft pilot or waypoint to another Palm handheld The method of sending depends on the configuration of the Palm handheld but beaming via the infrared port is usually available The Edit menu provides the basic Palm edit commands Cut Copy Paste Undo and Select All It also provides items to display the keyboard and the Graffiti help screen A simple calculator is also provided on the Edit menu If a number is highlighted when the calculator is opened the calculator is initialized with that number If the cursor is in a data field when the calculator is opened the result of the calculation can be entered into the field with the Paste button The Flight Description form has a special Flight menu with an item to duplicate the entire flight an item to estimate the cost of the flight see Cost Estimates on page 20 and an item to print the flight information see Printing on page 21 The Route form has a special Route menu with an item to reve
6. In the case when latitude is specified there are actually two intersections calculated In the example shown the great circle defined by the path between Rockcliffe and Toronto intersects latitude 44 degrees 30 minutes once between Rockcliffe and Toronto 77 degrees 46 0 minutes and once again at 14 degrees 31 5 minutes which is somewhere over the Adriatic Sea In this case it is obvious which is the correct one Unfortunately there are some cases legs that are almost exactly east or west where the two points are relatively close together and it is not obvious which one is correct 22 CoPilot User s Manual External Memory CoPilot has the ability to move the system waypoint database to an external memory card There is a new Move to External Memory button on the System Waypoint Database form open with the System Waypoint Database menu item on the Options menu If there is a database on the external memory card the button changes to Move to Internal Memory Most operations should work properly with the database in external memory The two exceptions are the Find buttons e g on the Edit Leg form and the Mid button on the Delete Change or Insert form Both of these operations are exceedingly slow when the waypoint database is in external memory In both cases the Cancel button can be used to stop the search Rather than transfer an internal database to the card it is possible to HotSync a database directly to the external
7. and inches since this matches the data in many aircraft manuals Switch the preferences to back to kilograms if weights on the Weight amp Balance form are entered in kilograms Aircraft pilots and waypoints can be sent to another Palm handheld See the send menu items in the Record menu Whenever a waypoint ident is required the tiny triangle button opens a dialog box with a list of the most recently used waypoints Tap on one of the waypoint descriptions to select the waypoint Flight Description Form 12 13 14 15 In the Flight Description form the page up down buttons can be used to switch to other flights An entire flight can be duplicated using the Duplicate Flight menu item on the Flight menu The cost of a flight is calculated using the Flight Cost menu item on the Flight menu Flight data can be printed to a printer that is IR Infra Red equipped or connected via a serial link The Print menu item is on the Flight menu Print software must be installed on the Palm handheld 24 CoPilot User s Manual Route Form 16 Ifa blank leg separates two legs on the Route form the calculations assume that there are two flights The time and fuel to climb and the start taxi fuel is added for the second leg 17 Any leg can be dragged to a new location on the Route form by dragging the button with the stylus The new leg position must be consistent with any adjacent legs 18 A waypoint can be deleted by tapping
8. and moment on the horizontal axis convert the data to the other format In order to convert the moment to arm simply divide by the corresponding weight inches Divide 88 500 by 2300 to get 38 5 which is the arm in line C of the WB 2 form Point G is 2000 pounds and 81 000 pound inches Divide 81 000 by 2000 to get 40 5 which is the arm in line G of the WB 2 form 7 For example point C is 2300 pounds and 88 500 pound WAE Moment pound inches 27 CoPilot User s Manual Appendix C Sample Aircraft Data Piper Cherokee 180 P28A ae Aircraft Edit Aircraft eB Edit Aircraft li Ncr vise climb Equipe 11e 21 fGen AMEA Cimb Equipe 110e 2 faen cruise alaEauip ie 118 21 Ident Cruise Performance Climb Performance Type f Altitude TAS FuelFlow Altitude Rate IAS w Fuelflow Wake Turb Light 0 19 sessed 9 720 Z4 18 0 ELT w AF i Homebase CYRO Fuel Density _ Ib gal US Start Taxi Fuel w gal US ao se it Ai iy Edit Aircraft Gen cruise climb EM TERIA amp ise limb Equip 1 ME B Ser Utility Communication Navigation Weight Arm Weight Arm VHF I VOR pate 1300 0 84 0 1300 0 84 0 O ADF mE L Transponder X ILS O ModeA O DME Mode O RNAV O Lorang O VFR GPS E IFR GPS fat Aircraft Edit Aircraft Edit Aircraft Gen RE eT E Gen kag eA E Gen cruise ans ete Ident Cruise Performance Climb Performance Type Altitude TAS FuelFlow Altitude Rate IAS w FuelUsed Wake Turb i 2i o
9. information is stored in the flight database The navigation buttons at the top of the screen are used to navigate among the four components of the flight Flight Description Form Flight Description gt Copilot opens to the Flight Description form This form is used to specify Description some of the basic elements of a flight Rockcliffe to Toronto Island Aircraft w GXBU Pilot w i Date Description Enter text to identify this particular flight When the Select button is tapped in order to retrieve an existing flight from the flight database the list of descriptions is displayed Since this field is used to identify flights in the database it is a required field all required fields are shown in bold Aircraft Use this popup menu to select an aircraft for the flight CoPilot so maintains a database of information specific to particular aircraft in order to calculate performance weight and balance etc Aircraft data must be entered into the database before flight planning can begin see Database Entry section on page 4 This is also a required field The default value is the last aircraft that was selected Pilot Use this popup menu to select a pilot This field is optional The information is used to prepare the flight plan The default value is the last pilot that was selected Date Specify the date and time using the selector buttons The date is used to calculate the beginning and end of the avia
10. magnetic heading and the ae ia Trk Hdg ET estimated time enroute The total distance fuel consumption and total ETE YOW fuel the fuel used for the climb and the cruise fuel Ge 185 0 249 252 1 47 YTZ The route can be edited by tapping on any of the leg buttons to add a new leg or edit an existing one A leg can be moved by pressing its button and D dragging it to another position CoPilot only allows a leg to be dragged to a valid position For example a leg can only be placed directly after another leg 21 4gal 195 6 1 54 ifthe To waypoint of the earlier leg is the same as the From waypoint of the later leg When buttons are dragged around to rearrange a flight the screen scrolls as the stylus is moved to the top or bottom of the screen E 1 106 278 279 00 l are also displayed The fuel in the bottom left corner includes the start taxi If a leg is so short that the aircraft is incapable of climbing to the specified altitude the climb is continued on the next leg The scroll bar or the page up down buttons may be used to scroll the form The page up down buttons are the built in buttons below the screen of the Palm handheld Route gt If the From and To waypoints are the same CoPilot considers this leg a Mag Mag ground leg It is assumed that the aircraft lands and takes off The start taxi Praia Trk Hdg ETE fuel and the time to climb to altitude are added to the next leg G gt 106 278 279 007 l YOW Qe 1850 24
11. the Flight Plan form Homebase Fuel Density bgal U5 Valid wake turbulence entries are Light Medium or Heavy Start Taxi Fuel 1 w gal US Description white with green trin Valid ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter entries are A Automatic ejectable AD Automatic Deployable F Fixed AF Automatic Fixed AP Automatic Portable P Personnel W Water activated or S Survival The Start Taxi Fuel is added for each takeoff when performing fuel consumption calculations The units that are chosen for the Start Taxi fuel are used for all subsequent fuel displays for this aircraft Fuel density is used to convert between fuel measured by weight and fuel measured by volume It is possible to switch between fuel units For example it may be desirable to enter all of the database items in pounds but display fuel consumption in gallons Simply set fuel units to pounds fill in the aircraft database forms and then switch the units back to gallons The data that was entered in pounds is now displayed in gallons Edit Aircraft fay The second aircraft form Cruise collects the data used to calculate cruise Gen KAMEA Clib Equip B 1B 2 performance At least one altitude and cruise speed must be entered Cruise Performance Altitude TAS Ffuelflow Note The cruise airspeed entered on this form should be the true airspeed TAS at the specified altitude The program fits a quadratic curve to the points given and cal
12. 9 252 1 47 CYTZ Cc Land and Takeoff CYTZ O 1944 064 061 1 37 CYRO 40 2 gal 390 1 3 31 ZAE If the ground leg button is tapped the duration of the ground leg can be From CYTZ specified The duration of the ground leg is added to the total ETE for the Toronto Island flight If this ground leg is in the middle of a route the route description in To CYTZ the flight plan indicates a stopover Toronto Island OE Alternate Leg If the From and To waypoints are the same the leg can also be specified to be Specify a time for this leg that the start of the route to the alternate destination See IFR Operations on will be added to the total ETE page 16 for more information Hours 1 Minutes 30 Edit Route Gy The tiny button in front of each waypoint can be used to modify the route Delete MISSA The button opens a form that allows a choice among changing the selected Insert waypoint waypoint deleting the selected waypoint inserting a new waypoint before YOW the selected waypoint or starting a new segment after the selected waypoint E2 korar see Flight Segments on page 17 for more information T Coehill VOR This icon indicates the waypoint that was selected This icon indicates the waypoint that is being edited 11 CoPilot User s Manual When inserting a new waypoint the Mid button displays the twenty waypoints that are nearest a midpoint of the leg The midpoint is th
13. A combination of the last two tips can be used to quickly change the leg information altitude wind pressure and temperature for an entire trip Open the first leg and enter the data Use the page down button to go to the next leg Tap the Previous button to update the second leg with the data from the first leg Keep doing this until all of the legs have been updated 29 The leg scrolling feature can be used to quickly enter an initial route After entering the first leg instead of tapping the OK button use the page down button to scroll to the next leg and enter the next waypoint and leg data with the Previous button Continue in this manner until the entire route is entered 30 Swap the To and From waypoints in the Edit Leg form using the Swap button This button is only visible if the waypoints can be swapped without affecting the adjacent legs 31 Ifthe From and To waypoints are the same the leg is considered a ground leg and the duration of the stop can be entered 25 CoPilot User s Manual Edit Waypoint Form 32 Latitude and longitude on the Waypoint Edit form can be entered in several ways For example 45 degrees 27 minutes 35 seconds could also have been entered as 45 degrees 27 62 minutes or as 45 4603 degrees 33 There is a Base on Radial Distance menu item on the Waypoint menu of the Edit Waypoint form that allows the waypoint to be specified as a radial and distance from any waypoint already in the database
14. CoPilot User s Manual Flight Planning Software for Palm OS Handhelds Laurie J Davis Version 5 3 CoPilot User s Manual CoPilot User s Manual Flight Planning Software for Paln OS Handhelds Genera DESCI prin csc escee ce ccessenscetics costa vecasastsesenecaseincestoecccanesanechecssnceateueateeacseezatieeies sifveuseitesteseatn cena siteneea aa 1 COMPONEN OV CL VAC Wei co cees cots coset sssesestscrssantsasesertsstesssnnestsaueseserereatnostesenieitiaresees EEEREN EAEEREN NENESE ENERE REEERE IRTEE 2 MEMS eea ea a e E EE AAA EAE A AEA A AA EERS 3 Measurement UMIS eseese e Eeee aeaea RREA UAPA AO AS ASE EEEO ENARE EEEE AA A SOAN EAE EEEO EEA REES 3 Database ED Yrsu n RaR E E E O R N TE A R esse 4 Bau Airera POr oea E EE E E 4 Bal 0 8 0 0 0 e A E a A E eer reenter eer rer etree eer ee 7 LATE VP OIE RI a a n ER saan seach Sek cas screen EEE E R E E E R I Gis op ed F210 ba sree A A E N N EEA E eee eee 9 TONED CS CHIP OM OUI rarr cas O A RE E E E a Eaa a aa eaa 9 Konie BODD mes e E a ts ataea acta teettatce ts 10 Weight Ce Balance NO AEEA A EE AE E E EEE T A S 14 WG FF A Elan EotN aa a a re ee nee te a ar 15 FRO a 16 1 00S a ROY of 9410 3 01 hc e E R ee a E eet eed rere 17 EOB FUNCIONS ee pe ee re ee ene ee eee cee eee etre eer erent eer eee eee rere 19 COSTAE SUM ALCS ceca tact ccateetsecc tet E ast fered ted taut band tee ese taes tastiest es hea taatenateetucnes 20 PANDE eee TR Teese tree emir E eer aero eer ere 21 Map nte
15. DME ICAO or Canadian flight plan and the type and equipment field for the Mf Mode O RNAV American flight plan O Loran O VFR GPS R IFR GPS Edit Aircraft Gy The fifth aircraft form WB 1 collects data required to calculate the weight Gen Cruise Climb Equip Ae 2 and balance If the weights are known they should be entered here If the Arm Wgt Tank Description weights are not yet known they are entered when the data specific to a empty particular flight the Weight amp Balance form is entered For example the basic empty weight of the aircraft is known ahead of time but until a specific flight is planned the weight for pilot passengers baggage etc is not known The weight on these lines should therefore be left blank The weights that are entered on this form are the default values for the Weight amp Balance form therefore it may be desirable to enter values that are usually correct but may change For example if the aircraft is normally flown with full fuel the fuel weight could be entered on this form and then changed on the Weight amp Balance form on those occasions when the aircraft is flown without full fuel The tank column is used to indicate that the item is a fuel tank The number indicates the order in which the tanks are used If a set of tanks are used simultaneously they should all have the same number The descriptions are used to prompt for input when the weight and balance is entered for a
16. S 115 knots Cruise GS 107 knots Altitude 6500 ft Pressure Alt 6631 ft Density Alt 3903 ft Fuel 18 5 gal Airway Climb Dist 8 1 nm Time to Climb 7 15 Cum ETE 1 54 ETA 17 24 Once the flight route has been planned the weight and balance can be Basic empty checked Enter the weight of the various items and the total weight and arm Fuel max 50 gal gal are displayed at the bottom of the form Pilot Ib Front passenger Ib A cis Rear laia ib The units are specified on the Preferences form see Options menu If the Rear passenger lb station was specified in the aircraft database as a fuel tank the units for the Bag fmax 200 Ibs b station are fuel units as specified in the aircraft database Gen form Reserve Arm 2 51 Ramp 88 6 ee eTokeoff 1977 886 If a weight was entered in the aircraft database it is displayed here as a Landing 1858 88 2 default value These default weights can be changed for a particular flight eNoFuel 1687 87 5 The takeoff w amp b is adjusted by subtracting the start taxi fuel as defined in the aircraft database Gen form The landing weight is adjusted by subtracting the enroute fuel The zero fuel weight is adjusted by subtracting 14 CoPilot User s Manual the total fuel load Fuel is subtracted from the tanks in the order specified in the aircraft database WB 1 form The fuel reserve is based on the amount of fuel remaining at the destination It is based on the average cr
17. atic curve to the points given and performs the calculations by integrating the appropriate curves Note The climb airspeed entered on this form should be the indicated airspeed IAS at the specified altitude It is very important to include a wide range of altitudes The time to climb and the fuel to climb are calculated by integrating the equations that are derived from the data It is important that the data is provided for a full range of altitudes from sea level to the service ceiling A wide range of altitudes results in the most accurate mathematical model of the aircraft performance Edit Aircraft mA There is an option for entering fuel as Fuel Flow which is the flow rate e g aie equip B 1 WvE2 in gallons per hour when climbing through the specified altitude or Fuel Climb Performance Used which is the amount of fuel e g in gallons required to climb to the AEA Jol gt ii specified altitude Most light aircraft manuals specify the amount of fuel required to climb to various altitudes The C172 manual provides climb fuel as a measure of fuel required to climb to a specified altitude In the example shown the column header has been changed to Fuel Used and the number of gallons required to climb to the specified altitude is entered If this climb data is not provided the leg times assume that the aircraft is already at the cruising altitude i e no extra time is added for the climb In practice this is not a big
18. card Any file with a file type of way e g xyz way is placed in the correct directory on the memory card The Palm Install Tool must be used to select the file In order for this facility to work at least one HotSync must have been performed with a version of CoPilot that supports this feature This is so that CoPilot can tell HotSync where to place the file The third way to get a waypoint database onto the card is to write it directly to the card via a card reader attached to a pc The file should be a way file e g xyz way and it should be placed in the Palm Programs CoPilot directory CoPilot renames the file to CoPilot_Waypoint pdb the next time that it runs Rather than use this facility it may be more beneficial to use an external utility to place CoPilot and or the waypoint database into external memory Most of these utilities work by copying the application and or database to main memory when the application is launched This has the disadvantage that it takes a long time to launch the application but the advantage that the application runs at full speed once it has been launched 23 CoPilot User s Manual Appendix A Tips amp Tricks General 1 10 11 Online help is available by tapping the Tips button that is displayed in the upper right corner of dialog boxes Whenever scroll bars or scroll buttons are shown use the page up down buttons to scroll by one page The page up down buttons are the built in butt
19. ct the data that is displayed The fuel total in the bottom left corner is the total fuel for the flight The Start Taxi fuel that was specified in the aircraft database is added each time the aircraft takes off The Route form has a Route menu with an item to reverse the entire route 13 Swap From and To Paste data from last leg that was OK ed Find waypoints n of the way to this waypoint Recent Waypoints CYRO Rockcliffe CYTZ Toronto Island cvY2 Toronto Pearson VIE Coehill YOR YOW Ottawa VOR YSO Simcoe YOR Weight amp Balance Form Weight amp Balance gt Bae CYRO Rockcliffe Jan 12 2002 Lon 75 38 8 W Day Start 12 07 Z Day End 22 15 2 Lat 45 27 6 N Elevation 188 ft Runways 09 27 Route _ gt Bris Meg Mag Dist Trk Hdg ETE CYRO P06 278 279 007 YOW 10 249 22 147 YTZ O aldagai 1954 154 CoPilot Users Manual Select Data for Column 4 Altitude Pressure Altitude Density Altitude Airway ETE Cumulative ETE True Airspeed Fuel Climb Distance Scroll to previous or next leg 7 gt Aa Intersection Enter the latitude or longitude of an intersecting line The corresponding longitudes or latitude and the distance to the destination will be calculated 3801 9 nm 87 6 nm 14deg 31 5 min E 77 deg 46 0 min W From Ottawa YOR To Toronto Island True Track 235 Cruise TA
20. culates cruise speed and fuel flow at a given altitude using this mathematical model of the cruise performance Populate this table based on the method used for flying the aircraft for example some pilots fly at a constant RPM regardless of E a altitude while other pilots fly at a constant brake horsepower by changing RPM as they change altitude As long as the data matches the flying method CoPilot correctly calculates the cruise performance The example uses a constant brake horsepower 75 The performance model derived from this data is most accurate if the data is provided for a wide range of altitudes If possible include the sea level data If the fuel flow information is not provided fuel consumption is not calculated CoPilot User s Manual Edit Aircraft Gy The third aircraft form Climb collects the data used to calculate climb age quip B 1 6 2 performance and climb fuel consumption Climb performance time to climb Climb Performance distance to climb etc is used to estimate flight times In most cases the two Altitude Rate IAS w Fuel Flow 750 74 i easiest altitudes to enter are zero sea level and the service ceiling Note the service ceiling is defined as the altitude at which the climb speed drops to 100 ft min If two altitudes are entered it is assumed that the values change linearly between sea level and the service ceiling If more than two altitudes are entered the program fits a quadr
21. e specified percentage of the way from the previous waypoint to the selected waypoint In order to split a leg into two simply specify a 50 midpoint and then select a new waypoint to be inserted into the route In order to split a leg into three first select a 33 midpoint to find the first intermediate waypoint and then select a 50 midpoint of the remaining portion to find the second intermediate waypoint If the ident of the new waypoint is not known the Find button opens a dialog box that facilitates a search of the waypoint database for any text within the waypoint description or waypoint ident The New button opens the Edit Waypoint form in order to add a new waypoint to the database The small triangle button opens a dialog box with a list of the most recently used waypoints CYRO Jan 12 2002 If one ofthe idents on the Route form is tapped a window opens that displays Rockcliffe some useful information about the waypoint The beginning and end of the LETEN cre nA aviation day are specified as UTC time and are valid for the date specified Elevation 188 ft Day Start 12 072 for the flight CoPilot uses the aviation definition of day and night night is u u u u u Day End 22 15Z defined as when the sun is six degrees or more below the horizon This Runways 09 27 differs by about 30 minutes from the official definition of sunrise sunset The Morse code for the ident is also displayed After the Morse code any informati
22. edited the last leg for which the OK button was tapped The Airway data is only copied if it is blank on the current leg The units to be used are specified on the Preferences form see Options menu If the altitude is not entered it is assumed to be zero sea level cruise performance is used and there is no time and fuel calculations performed for the climb phase If the wind is not entered it is assumed to be zero If the pressure is not entered it is assumed to be 29 92126 the pressure altitude is the same as the specified altitude If the temperature is not entered it is assumed to be the ICAO standard temperature for the specified altitude the density altitude is the same as the pressure altitude If this leg of the route is on a published airway the airway can be entered e g V123 This information is used to prepare the route description in the flight plan See IFR Operations on page 16 for more information The page up down buttons can be used to display the previous next leg of a route The page up down buttons are the built in buttons below the screen of the Palm handheld When a page up down button is pressed the data for the currently visible leg is saved if both waypoints were specified before the new leg is displayed 10 CoPilot User s Manual Route gt Be Enter up to 40 legs as required to complete the flight The distance for each Mag Mag leg is displayed along with the magnetic track the
23. ee other possible contributors to the difference First the pressure and temperature may be different for the two legs Differences in pressure or temperature affect the density altitude therefore the cruise speed and the time distance to climb Second the altitude may be different for the two legs This affects both the time distance to climb and the cruise speed Third the starting altitude elevation of the departure point is different for the two legs therefore the time distance to climb is different 39 6 gal 3888 aa 12 Route gt Fa Mag Mag Dist Trk Hdg ETE CYRO T Ge 1944 251 254 1 50 CYTZ GJI 1944 064 O61 1 34 CYRO Co bw 36 7 gal 388 8 3 24 Route gt Ge Climb Climb Curn Time Dist ETE Fuel CYRO OF 145 18 0 07 13 YOW G 715 81 154 185 CYTZ i pop 21 4 gal CoPilot User s Manual This example looks similar to the previous one but there is one key difference In this example there is not a blank leg between the two legs therefore it is assumed that this is one flight It is assumed that the aircraft flies over CY TZ and returns to CYRO If the altitude of the second leg is higher than the first leg the time to climb to the second altitude is calculated The time to descend to a lower altitude or to land is not calculated since it is assumed that descent is at cruise speed The Route form can be customized to display many different pieces of data Tap on the column header to sele
24. ee page 4 Database Entry Pilot Front passenger Rear passenger Rear passenger Bag max 200 Ibs The weight and balance is calculated for various phases of the route e g takeoff landing The route is defined on the Route form Reserve Detail on the use of this form is provided in the Trip Planning section on 2 51 Ramp i age 8 e Takeoff 1977 986 Page o Landing 1858 882 oNoFfuel 1687 875 The Flight Plan form is used to collect the data required when calling Airceaft Ident the FSS to file a flight plan It supports the standard ICAO flight plan Flight Rules format as well as the Canadian and American formats Most of the form is oe automatically generated using information from the aircraft database the ot Hircratt TE Aircraft Type pilot database the Flight Description form the Route form and the Weight amp Wake Turb L Light Balance form Equipment LOYG C Dep Ident CYRO Dep Time 15 302 Detail on the use of this form is provided in the Trip Planning section on Cruise Speed 115 knots page 8 Altitude 1500 Canadian ICAO CoPilot User s Manual Menus There are several menus used by CoPilot The key one is the Record menu ws Ai The Record menu has items to add edit aircraft pilots and waypoints These aak jaka menu items open the associated database entry forms The database entry nn forms are described in detail in the Database Entry section on page
25. erve f 112 On Board 300 5 ee ee gt Bae There is a button on the top left of the Weight amp Balance form that specifies Boa CYTZ CYRO gt if the aircraft is refueled for this segment If the button is set to no refuel Basic empty 1357 b f as shown here the fuel stations are set to the fuel remaining from the ire la 50 gal z i Lg previous segment s Tapping the button sets it to refuel and the fuel for Front passenger 115 Ib the segment is entered Setting the button to refuel will set the fuel to the Rear passenger default value from the aircraft database Rear passenger Reserve 0 59 Ramp 1859 332 Takeoff 1849 88 1 Landing 1746 87 7 oNoFuel 1687 875 18 CoPilot User s Manual E6B Functions Cross Wind iy The Options menu contains a Cross Wind item Enter the wind True to Magnetic Wind direction speed and runway and the crosswind and headwind components are West add magnetic variance calculated East subtract magnetic variance Crosswind knots X Headwind 9 knots DA amp TAS The Options menu also contains a Density Alt amp True Airspeed item Enter Altitude the altitude and pressure and the pressure altitude is calculated Enter the Pressure 29 78 i indicated airspeed and the true airspeed and Mach number are calculated if Indicated Airspeed 112 the temperature has not yet been entered a standard lapse rate is assumed v True Temp lt 20 Ente
26. flight from one waypoint to another Dist Trk Hdg ETE A l Each blank button on the left side of the form corresponds to a leg of the flight To add a new leg to a flight tap on one of the blank buttons to open the Edit Leg form Edit Leg 1 The Edit Leg form is used to enter the start and end waypoints for the leg v From CYRO The waypoints are the only required entries on this form The cruising altitude wind atmospheric pressure and temperature the expected temperature at the cruising altitude can also be specified These items are used to calculate climb and cruise performance Ottawa YOR Altitude 1500 If the ident of the waypoint is not known the Find button opens a dialog box that facilitates a search of the waypoint database for any text within the flirway waypoint description or waypoint ident For example Rockcliffe could have been found by searching for rock or cliffe or ck or yro The ca Cancel Delete E3 a pastaj New button opens the Edit Waypoint form in order to add a new waypoint to the database The small triangle button opens a dialog box with a list of the most recently used waypoints Temp at altitude 3 This button is used to interchange the From and To waypoints if one of the waypoints is shared with the previous or next leg the waypoint cannot be changed therefore this button is not visible This button is used to copy data from the last leg that was
27. ints system waypoints and user waypoints System waypoints are typically waypoints that are downloaded into CoPilot User waypoints are waypoints that are manually entered When a new downloaded database is installed all of the system waypoints are replaced with the new data but the user waypoints are preserved Any waypoint may be specified as either system or user but it is highly recommended that system waypoints be reserved for downloaded databases When searching for waypoints CoPilot looks for user waypoints before it looks for system waypoints The Note button opens the Waypoint Note form CoPilot User s Manual Edit Waypoint iy The Waypoint Note form is used to store data about the waypoint The data Waypoint Note fig on this form is displayed in the Waypoint Info window that is opened when the waypoint ident on the Route form is tapped see page 10 Route Form Waypoints can be entered manually into CoPilot or downloaded from the internet Unfortunately if I want the various download sites to list this application I am not allowed to give you the url of the website they do not allow any references to other websites If you do a search for CoPilot waypoint database you should easily find it CoPilot User s Manual Trip Planning CoPilot is structured around the concept of a flight A flight consists of four components a flight description a route a weight and balance calculation and a flight plan The
28. light On the flight cost form you will select whether to use the time distance or leg based cost or the sum of the selected costs Distance Edit Pilot Form Edit Pilot The Edit Pilot form collects the data used to complete the flight plan All of this information is optional but if a pilot is added to the database the minimum information required is the last name Last Name Davis Edit Waypoint Li The Edit Waypoint form collects the data for waypoints that are used in flight System Waypoint planning Ident Name Latitude Latitude and longitude can be entered either as degree minute second or as i decimal values For example the latitude at Rockcliffe in this example could Longitude also have been entered as 45 4603 degrees or as 45 degrees and 27 62 minutes Regardless of how they are entered the latitude and longitude are Mag Var always displayed in degree minute second format Elevation 1 18 ft There is a Base on Radial Distance menu item on the Waypoint menu that allows the latitude longitude to be specified as a radial and distance from any waypoint already in the database The magnetic variance is used to calculate the magnetic course for the flight The elevation is used to calculate the time to climb If it is not entered the elevation is assumed to be zero sea level The units to be used are specified on the Preferences form see Options menu There are two categories of waypo
29. ns e g flight time and fuel consumption Legs specified to be part of an Airway SID or STAR are summarized on the flight plan route Legs specified to be part of an Approach are not included on the flight plan route Edit Leg 2 A section of a route may be specified as a route to an alternate destination From CYTZ The alternate destination is entered into the flight plan Toronto Island To CYTZ The start of the route to the alternate destination is specified by entering a leg Toronto island with the From and To waypoints set to the primary destination Any legs after Alternate Leg this leg are considered part of the route to the alternate destination The rest of the segment is for the route to the alternate destination Route gt amp In this example the primary destination is CYTZ and the alternate Mag Mag destination is CY YZ Totals on the Route form are calculated to the primary _ Dist Trk Hdg ETE a destination Totals to the alternate destination can be seen by tapping on the GI 606 258 260 0349 Segment bar on the left side of the form YSO 379 205 210 020 The ETE on the Flight Plan form is the time to the primary destination The ES Route Cee flight cost see Cost Estimates on page 20 is calculated to the primary gt CYTZ destination The fuel reserve on the Weight amp Balance form is for the C 106 296 295 0 09 alternate destination CYYZ 22 6gal 205 6 1 59 16 CoPilot User s Manual Flight Segments
30. o knots in the Preferences form In order to enter data for an aircraft that has speed measured in miles per hour simply set the preferences form to miles per hour A C Speed Units enter the data into the aircraft database and then set the preferences form back to knots The fuel measurement unit is set in the aircraft database rather than the Preference form Since some aircraft measure fuel by volume e g gallons or litres and some aircraft measure fuel by weight e g pounds or kilograms the fuel measurement unit is specified for each aircraft CoPilot User s Manual Database Entry Note required entries are indicated on the database entry forms in bold Edit Aircraft Form There are seven Edit Aircraft sub forms The specific sub form to be edited is chosen using the buttons at the top of the form Although there is much information that may be entered most of it is optional The only mandatory data is the aircraft ident Gen form and at least one cruise speed Cruise form The units to be used are specified on the Preferences form Options menu The Edit Aircraft forms have an Aircraft menu with an item to duplicate the entire aircraft entry Edit Aircraft J The first Edit Aircraft form Gen specifies basic information about the SEN Cruise Climb Equip we 1B 2 aircraft The only required field is the aircraft ident Ident PH j Type Wake Turbulence ELT Homebase and Description are used to ELT complete
31. on that was entered into the Waypoint Note field of the waypoint database is displayed see page 7 Edit Waypoint Form Tap anywhere to return to the Route form From Ottawa YOR If one of the lines of leg information on the Route form is tapped a window To Toronto Island opens that displays the details of the leg calculations True Track 235 Cruise TAS 115 knots Cruise GS 107 knots Tap anywhere to return to the Route form Altitude 6500 ft Pressure Alt 6631 ft Density Alt 3903 ft Fuel 18 5 gal Airway Climb Dist 8 1 nm Time to Climb 7 15 Cum ETE 1 54 ETA 17 24 Route gt amp This example explains some of the calculations The first leg is from CYRO Nag Mag to CYTZ and the second leg is from CYTZ back to CYRO A blank leg f Pei Trk Hdg ETE separates the two legs therefore the legs are treated as two independent GI 1944 251 254 150 I flights It is assumed that the aircraft lands in CYTZ and takes off again CYTZ therefore the second leg includes a calculation of the time to climb out of C Land and Takeoff CYTZ The start taxi fuel is included twice in the total fuel consumption CYTZ GF 1944 064 CYRO The distances are the same but there are different times for the two legs The ETE for the first leg is 1 50 and the ETE for the second leg is 1 37 The most obvious reason for the difference is the wind The first leg has a headwind and the return leg has a tailwind There are thr
32. on the tiny button before the waypoint 19 A waypoint may be changed by tapping on the tiny button before the waypoint 20 A new waypoint may be inserted before an existing waypoint by tapping on the tiny button before the existing waypoint 21 Tap on an ident on the Route form to see more information about the waypoint If the waypoint information has scrollbars the page up down buttons can be used to scroll by one page 22 Tap on a line of leg information on the Route form to see more information about the leg The page up down buttons scroll to the previous next leg 23 The columns on the Route form can be configured by tapping on the column header and choosing what to display 24 The direction of an entire route can be reversed using the Reverse Route menu item on the Route menu Edit Leg Form 25 When entering an ident on the Edit Leg form it is possible to stop when enough letters have been entered to uniquely identify the waypoint The waypoint has been uniquely identified when the correct waypoint description appears 26 The page up down buttons can be used to switch to the next or previous leg 27 When the OK button in the Edit Leg form is tapped or the leg is scrolled to the another leg with the scroll buttons the information about the leg altitude wind pressure temperature is saved This data can be applied to a new leg using the Previous button This button is only visible if information has been saved 28
33. ons below the screen of the Palm handheld If the Palm has a 5 way navigator it may be used within CoPilot If there is a cursor showing the 5 way navigator is used for field navigation If there is no cursor showing the 5 way navigator is used for page navigation Press the select button to put the cursor in the first field If the cursor is in the top left field the left button removes the cursor from the form It is possible to put a number into any field using the calculator Edit menu The Paste button puts the result of the calculation into the field that was active when the calculator was opened If a number is highlighted when the calculator Edit menu is opened the calculator is initialized with that number A number of menu items e g Calculator Flight Cost Duplicate Flight Reverse Route have command toolbar items that can be invoked Most units are specified on the Preferences form see Options menu Fuel units are defined for each aircraft and are specified in the aircraft database Gen form For convenience it is possible to switch between units CoPilot only uses the units to collect and display data therefore changing the units does not affect the database content or the calculations There may be minor rounding errors introduced when switching back and forth between units A common application for this feature is to enter the weight and balance information into the aircraft database with the units set to pounds
34. problem since it is easy to add an estimate of climb time The additional fuel used for climbing is calculated If the information is not supplied the cruise fuel flow is used for the climb CoPilot does not perform descent calculations it assumes that descent is at cruise speed Edit Aircraft ray There are cases when there is a different climb profile for different parts of eg equip B 1 WWE2 the climb For example high power for the first part of the climb and then a Climb Performance lower power for the remainder of the climb CoPilot can accommodate two Altitude Rate IAS w Fuel Flow climb profiles If an altitude is repeated two equations are calculated The first equation is used when climbing below the repeated altitude and the second equation is used when climbing above the repeated altitude In the example shown a linear equation is calculated for climbs below 10 000 feet linear since two data points are given and a quadratic equation is calculated for climbs above 10 000 feet quadratic since more than two data points are given CoPilot User s Manual Edit Aircraft Gy The fourth aircraft form Equip collects the data used to prepare the flight Gen Cruise Climb emg vB 1We2 plan This form specifies the equipment installed and certified if required in Communication Navigation the aircraft VHF Mf VOR Transponder g ae CoPilot uses this data to determine the COM NAV SSR suffixes for the O Moder O
35. r the true temperature and the airspeed is corrected for temperature effects Pressure Altitude Density Altitude s yas ee True Airspeed Temperature can be entered either as true or indicated If indicated Mach temperature is entered CoPilot first calculates the true temperature by True Temp compensating for air compressibility iJ The Options menu also contains a Winds Aloft item The wind speed and Mag Track degrees direction are calculated from the true airspeed ground speed heading and Mag Heading _ degrees course True Airspeed knots Ground Speed knots Wind Direction degrees Wind Speed knots 19 Cost Estimates Edit Aircraft li KGen cruise climb Equipe 11e 2 This data is used to estimate the cost of a flight in this aircraft Time 40 00 per hour Distance 0 37 Legs 3 per takeoff On the flight cost form you will select whether to use the time distance or leg based cost or the sum of the selected costs CoPilot User s Manual CoPilot has a facility for estimating the cost of a flight For each aircraft the cost per hour the cost per unit distance as specified on the Preferences form and or the cost per takeoff can be specified in the aircraft database In the example the possible ways of costing a flight in this aircraft are 40 per hour and or 5 75 per nautical mile and or 8 per takeoff The time used to calculate the per hour cost of the flight is the
36. rse cions sannan tacts Satta atthe ca tata ta faa ata atta a tak tat tue taht E sty tete ta tatetate 22 Extemal MeMO mn n eee area rete Serre ry errr rere en iery eae o er Teea TS ere eee rereere errr re pert tree 23 Append ASM IPS e TICKS teistesettate ates tea ts terete eA 24 GSTS aL 25 cosas Sasa ta ata asia cata fata tate ta get aes eaee ge sha tate E AA 24 Flieht Description Porm fiestas iecis a tsists iu avn T OEE E AARE etsig tet 24 Roule POr 15 cota fe E Satta Satie Sats he ate tat ta ota ts aati tact ta aie tata ia iets atta 25 TEES OM OMI sa oh ay ba Sao SaaS agate ata ta ah Calta ata Sate tact a ta Sate ee sete f ate ta ate tay 25 Edit Waypoint ONIN ois sig Saleh nana a Sah ahah Satay th hg aes ge akg hg ERTA tld ate 26 PIQUE AUCH G L Ee OMICS sate e E Saat tatat eats tat tetesata tata tate ts ata tate tatete ta tate teeta aia fata ts atta tah 26 Appendix B Weight amp Balance Database Entry siisii eae eree a EETA NEE REO EEE Nea E 27 Appendix C Sample Aitcraft D ata sssssnerssasasananai ni nnan aN ARAA a a 28 General Description CoPilot is an application program for Palm OS handhelds that performs flight planning calculations the calculations that are normally performed with a ruler a protractor and an E6B calculator CoPilot does time distance heading fuel and weight amp balance calculations It prepares flight plans Canadian American and ICAO formats with all the information required when calling the FSS It also has u
37. rse the route The Edit Aircraft form has a special Aircraft menu with an item to duplicate the entire aircraft entry The Weight amp Balance form has a special W amp B menu with an item to show the fuel summary for the route The Options menu contains an About CoPilot item that shows the CoPilot version number a Database Info item that shows the size of all the CoPilot databases and a System Waypoint Info item that displays information about the system waypoint database Measurement Units Preferences The Options menu has a Preferences item that opens a form on which the Distance Units w nautical miles measurement units are specified This form also opens when the CoPilot Altitude Units w feet application is first launched it keeps opening on each launch until the OK Pressure Units w inches of Hg button is tapped Weight Units pounds amans Tees The chosen units are used to input data and display results The data is actually stored in the databases using a neutral set of units therefore when AZC Speed Units w knots Wind Speed Units w knots n S Climb Rate Units w feet min the preferences are changed existing data is displayed correctly converted to Fuel Density Units w Ibs gal US the new units The units can be temporarily changed in order to enter or view data in a set of units that are not normally used For example if aircraft speed is normally measured in knots the A C Speed Units would be set t
38. s K Q D ELT 7 Homebase Fuel Density _ Ib gal US Start Taxi Fuel w gal US sae eee ek a ie a Edit Aircraft iy Edit Aircraft a Gen cruise climb EM TIm Gen cruise cimb Equip I MeN Gen cruise Cimb Equip fve 1 ae Communication Navigation Ef VHF W YOR Transponder g 4 O Mode A O DME E Mode lt O RNAY O Lorang O VFR GPS O IFR GPS oi coal Dette Aircraft databases are available for download from the CoPilot website Unfortunately if I want the various download sites to list this application I am not allowed to give you the url of the website they do not allow any references to other websites If you do a search for CoPilot flight planning you should easily find it 28
39. specific flight The arm must be specified for each item There is no limit to the number of weight and balance stations A scrollbar appears when the eighth arm is entered Edit Aircraft iy The sixth aircraft form WB 2 collects the data used to plot the weight and Gen Cruisel Climb Equip B 1 WA balance graph Enter the points on the weight and balance envelope Start at Normal Utility the lowest arm and enter the points as they appear along the curve Weight Arm Weight Arm If the aircraft manual only has a graph that shows weight versus moment the arm must be calculated by dividing the moment by the weight to get the arm This calculation is performed for each of the corners along the curve More detail on populating this form from the graphs in the aircraft manual can be found in Appendix B Weight amp Balance Database Entry on page 26 CoPilot User s Manual Edit Aircraft iy The seventh aircraft form collects the data used to estimate the cost of a Gen Cruise Climb Equip WB 1 We 2E flight in this aircraft The cost is specified as an amount per hour an amount This data is used to estimate per unit distance distance unit as specified on the Preferences form and or the cost of a flight in this aircraft 5 c ner hour an amount per takeoff On the Flight Cost form see Cost Estimates on page 20 it is possible to select which of these amounts is included in the per takeoff cost of a particular f
40. t be a fixed pitch font such as Courier e There must be at least 56 characters available to print on each line There are a few restrictions for TealPrint e Select Print as Text e Select eject paper after printing in the Text Options or only the first page prints 21 Map Intersections CoPilot User s Manual When plotting a trip route on a map a leg may cross from one map to another CoPilot provides an intersection function that makes plotting across maps very simple The first step is to find a longitude or latitude common to both maps In the example shown latitude A is common to both maps When this latitude is entered into the intersection function for this leg the corresponding longitude for point x is calculated It is then a simple matter to plot point x on both maps and draw the two lines independently This button on the Route form opens the Intersection dialog box It appears between the two idents on a leg If an intersection is defined the button looks like this Tapping this button opens the ntersection dialog box Route gt Li Intersection Enter the latitude or longitude of an intersecting line The corresponding longitudes or latitude and the distance to the destination will be calculated 14deg 31 5min E 3801 9 nm 77 deg 46 0 min W 37 6 nm The intersection function calculates all of the intersections along the entire great circle path defined by the leg
41. the Weight amp Balance form and the endurance is calculated by adjusting for the start taxi fuel and the time to climb The cruise speed used for the calculation is the weighted average cruise speed for the various legs The Zulu time is displayed at the top of the form If the device is running Palm OS 4 0 or later the Zulu time is calculated using the system preferences For OS versions earlier than 4 0 tap on the time to open a form that allows the offset to be set 15 CoPilot User s Manual IFR Operations CoPilot has a number of features to facilitate IFR flight planning Route gt Multiple legs of a route may actually be a part of a single airway The airway Air Cum designations are entered on the Edit Leg forms Alt way ETE ETE CYRO 1 1 6500 0 09 0 09 YOW Gy 6500 300 055 1 04 VIE OF 1 6500 V300 0 34 138 SO 1 6500 0 20 1 59 CYTZ 22 3 gal t59 The flight plan route is summarized to eliminate waypoints that are intermediate waypoints along an airway Equipment LOYG C Dep Ident CYRO Dep Time 21 00 Z Cruise Speed 115 knots Altitude 6500 Route to YOW 300 to YSO Dest Ident CYTZ ETE 1 59 SAR Time 1 Alt Ident Canadian ICAO In addition to specifying a leg to be a part of an airway legs can also be specified to be part of a SID Standard Instrument Departure a STAR Standard Terminal Arrival or an Approach All of these legs are included in the route calculatio
42. tilities to aid in plotting routes on a map CoPilot stores the data for all flights in the flight database Install CoPilot by double clicking on the CoPilot pre file and then perform a HotSync CoPilot requires that MathLib be installed on the Palm OS handheld to support trigonometric functions Install MathLib by double clicking on the MathLib prc file and then perform a HotSync Some devices such as the Handspring Visor have MathLib built in therefore it does not need to be installed CoPilot requires Palm OS 3 5 or higher in order to operate and occupies approximately 325K of memory excluding MathLib CoPilot also requires HotSync version 2 1 or higher CoPilot User s Manual Component Overview Before planning a flight basic information must be entered into three databases an aircraft database which stores information about the aircraft a pilot database which stores information about the pilot and a waypoint database which stores information about points along the route Details on database entry and editing are available in the Database Entry section on page 4 CoPilot is based on the concept of a flight A flight consists of four components a flight description a route a weight and balance calculation and a flight plan Each of these components has an associated form The information entered on these forms is automatically stored in the flight database Flight Description gt The Flight Description form is
43. time in the air In order to include other engine on time in the costs use the per takeoff field In the example it is assumed that the engine is on for an additional 0 2 hours per flight so this amount is added per takeoff On the Gen form the amount of fuel required for Start Taxi is specified This covers the additional fuel used per takeoff Flight Cost ac W amp Time O Dist T O Costs 75 90 7239 8 00 B Fuel 4 per gal 4444444 Once the aircraft has been specified the cost for the flight can be calculated using the Flight Cost form see Flight menu on the Flight Description form At the top of the form there are check boxes to select which items from the aircraft database are included In the example both the cost per hour and the cost per takeoff are included in the total cost If the cost of fuel fuel units as specified in the aircraft database is entered the cost of the fuel is added to the total cost A checkbox is provided so that the fuel cost can be included excluded without having to enter remove the cost value In the example the cost is estimated at 40 per hour times 1 54 75 90 plus 8 per takeoff times one takeoff 8 plus 4 per gallon of fuel times 21 4 gallons 85 60 for a total cost of 169 63 Note that the numbers on the individual items on the Route form are rounded for display but the total is calculated using the more exact numbers Flight Cost ac amp Time O Dist
44. tion day The default is today s date The time is used to set the departure time in the flight plan It is assumed that this is local time The time is converted to Zulu time for the flight plan For OS versions prior to 4 0 the zulu offset is set via the Zu u Time menu item in the Options menu For OS version 4 0 and later the time zone must be set in the system preferences Note Enter any other information about the flight To create a new flight use the New button to clear the form in preparation for entering the information for a new flight The flight that was previously displayed is saved in the flight database assuming that the required fields are filled in To view or change an existing flight use the Se ect button to retrieve the information from the database This button opens a form with a list of all the flights that are stored in the database a list of the flight descriptions The selected flight is displayed The flight that was previously displayed is saved in the flight database assuming that the required fields are filled in To delete the flight that is currently displayed use the Delete button This button clears the form and removes the displayed flight from the database The Flight Description form has a Flight menu with an item to duplicate the entire flight CoPilot User s Manual Route Form Route gt The next step is to plan the route A route is a set of legs A leg is a section of Mag Mag the
45. uise altitude of the flight A warning message is displayed if there is not enough fuel available to reach the destination The graph button opens a window that displays the weight and balance graph The range is the valid arm range for the specified weight Tap anywhere to return to the Weight amp Balance form The Weight amp Balance form has a W amp B menu with an item to display the fuel summary Wgt Arm Range Ramp 1987 88 6 86 0 96 0 Takeoff 1977 88 6 985 9 96 0 Landing 1858 882 85 2 96 0 MoFuel 1687 87 5 84 2 96 0 Flight Plan Form The next step in planning a flight is to fill in the Flight Plan form It is possible to specify whether the flight plan is to be completed in Canadian Aircraft Ident Flight Rules American or ICAO standard formats CoPilot partially completes the flight Type of Flight plan with information specified on other forms of Aircraft Aircraft Type Wake Turb L Light The items that need to be added are underlined e g persons Some of pege rind in c these items can be changed but default values are entered e g Flight Rules Dep Time 15 20 Z VFR These default values are sticky they are saved in the pilot aah i database therefore the default is the last value that was entered for the pilot itude v Canadion If fuel tanks are specified in the aircraft database the Fuel on Board is calculated automatically The available fuel is taken from
46. used to enter basic information about the flight Aircraft and pilot information must have been previously Description i Rockcliffe to Toronto Island entered into their respective databases in order to have them available for selection on this form see page 4 Database Entry This form also contains buttons to create a new flight display an existing flight in the database or delete the currently displayed flight from the database Aircraft w GXBU Pilot w Davis Laurie Detail on the use of this form is provided in the Trip Planning section on page 8 The Route form is used to specify the legs of the flight A leg is a section of the route between two waypoints For each leg the distance Dist Trk Hdg ETE the magnetic track the magnetic heading and the estimated time enroute are CYRO i x x GI 106 278 279 00 l displayed The waypoints must have been previously entered into the YOW waypoint database in order to make then available for selection on this form C gt 1850 249 252 147 see page 4 Database Entry CYTZ Detail on the use of this form is provided in the Trip Planning section on C page 8 bs 21 4gal 195 6 1 54 Weight amp Balance gt pa The Weight amp Balance form is used to calculate and plot the aircraft Basic empty 1357 Ib weight and balance The aircraft specific data must have been Fuel max 50 gal previously entered into the aircraft database s
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