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1. DRUG DOSE CALCULATION USING MEASUREMENTS CONVERSIONS Formula Desired Dose x Volume on Hand amount to be given Concentration Example 1 Doctor orders 5 mg of morphine to be administered intravenously to a patient with substernal chest pain You have 1 ml vial that contains 10mg of morphine 10 mg ml How many milliliters are you going to have to draw up into a syringe and push IV into your patient s IV line port What are given Desired Dose 5 mg of morphine IV Concentration 10 mg Volume on Hand 1 ml What is asked Dosage to be given to the patient in ml Formula Desired Dose x Volume on Hand C HS mount to be given Concentration Smg x1 mi amount to be given 10 mg Saag x 1 mi aaa amount to be given 10 me 3 ml amount to be given 10 3 ml TD amount to be given 5 ml amount to be given CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 43 METRIC CONVERSIONS There are instances when we need to convert a unit of measurement to another when calculating for drug dosages The metric system of measurements is based on a number of basic measures or units Take a quick look at the table below QUANTITY SYMBOL m mass gram g volume second Large and small amounts of these units often have a prefix Also some common units of measurement are prefix symbol multiplication factor PREFIX po ech S d For conversion of one metric unit to
2. PROPORTIONS A proportion is an equation of two ratios which can also be expressed as two fractions Using ratios in proportions When using ratios in a proportion a double colon serves as a separator Double colon shows equality between the two ratios In the example previously given the ratio of pads with the tablets is 1 20 then 2 pads have 40 tablets In proportion it is written as 1 pad 20 tablets 2 pads 40 tablets or 1 20 2 40 Go marathon using ratios in proportions On the second example there are 5 nurses for every 35 patients and the ratio is 5 35 We can therefore say that there are 10 nurses for 70 patients In a proportion we can express the comparison as 5 nurses 35 patients 10 nurses 70 patients or 5 35 10 70 CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 38 Using fractions in proportions A proportion that can be expressed using ratios can also be expressed using fractions Let s refer to the examples given before 1 pad has 20 tablets which means that 2 pads have 40 tablets Using fractions we can write the proportion as Ipad 2pads 20 tablets 40 tablets Or 1 B 2 20 40 Enjoy using fractions in proportions There are 5 nurses for every 35 patients which equals to 10 nurses for 70 patients We can express this in fraction as 5 nurses _ 10 nurses 35 patients 70 patients Or 5 10 35 70 Math Tip We use colon for ratios while we use forward slash or horizont
3. 3 Also close off the cuff port with cuff port Laundering the cuff 1 When using a washing machine use gentle cycle warm water and mild detergent 2 Completely air dry the cuff and reassemble the components 3 Keep the unit in its protective case after cleaning using Cleaning and storing a stethoscope 1 Ifyou need to disinfect your stethoscope you may wipe it with a 70 isopropyl alcohol solution 2 Wipe down stethoscope starting at the earpieces which helps prevent the spread of ear infections if you are not the only person using it continuing down the tubing and ending around the bell and diaphragm Take the diaphragm apart to remove dust lint or debris and clean it well before reassembling it 3 Store the unit in its protective case after using CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 8 Wise Tips Do not immerse the stethoscope in water or in any liquid Also to maintain the good condition of your stethoscope do not subject it to any sterilization process Cleaning and storing a thermometer 1 Clean the tip of the thermometer by using isopropyl alcohol and water 2 Wipe away any lubricant from the digital thermometer with a tissue or a paper towel 3 Store the unit in some protective case when you don t use it dw IN A NUTSHELL Cleaning caring for and storing tools equipment and paraphernalia are tasks that all caregivers shall undertake It is not easy t
4. 3 Plug it on the electrical outlet safely 4 Remove the cover and put the food ingredients to be processed CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 20 Put back the cover and turn on the processor to start with the procedure As soon as you have reached the desired size or texture for your food ingredients remove the cover and pour the ingredients into your bowl or plate Unplug the food processor and clean it based on the manufacturer s instructions Microwave Oven Microwave oven is a very useful tool specially during mealtime but you should exercise special care when using it to cook or reheat food to ensure that it is prepared safely Microwave Oven Cooking Position evenly the food items in a covered dish You may add some liquid if necessary Cover the dish with a lid or plastic wrap but make sure not to cover it completely to let steam come out The moist heat that is created will help destroy harmful bacteria and ensure uniform cooking It is better to cook large cuts of meat on medium power for longer periods than on high power This way heat reaches the center without overcooking outer areas Mix or rotate food midway through the microwaving time This is important so as to eliminate cold spots where harmful bacteria can survive and for more even cooking When partially cooking food in the microwave oven to finish cooking on the grill or ina conventional oven it is important to t
5. Maintain Tools Equipment and Paraphernalia These four common competencies are covered separately in four lessons As shown below each Lesson is directed to the attainment of one two or three learning outcomes Lesson 1 Use Tools Equipment and Paraphernalia LO1 Identify caregiving tools equipment and paraphernalia applicable toa specific job LO2 Use caregiving tools equipment and paraphernalia properly Lesson 2 Perform Calculations LO1 Perform simple calculations Lesson 3 Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures LO1 Identify hazards and risks LO2 Evaluate and control hazards and risks Lesson 4 Maintain Tools Equipment and Paraphernalia LO1 Perform aftercare activities for tools equipment and paraphernalia Your success in this exploratory course on Caregiving is shown in your ability to perform the following at the end of this Module INATIONAL CERTIFICATE NC is a certification issued to individuals who achieved all the required units of competency for a national qualification as defined under the Training Regulations NCs are aligned to specific levels within the PTQF TESDA Board Resolution No 2004 13 Training Regulations Framework NATIONAL CERTIFICATE LEVEL refers to the four 4 qualification levels defined in the Philippine TVET Qualifications Framework PTQF Where the worker in a NC I performs a routine and predictable tasks has little judgment and works under supervision
6. Technology and Livelihood Education 80 Definition of Terms Abrasive harsh or hurtful in nature Bulb a rubber which is squeezed to inflate the cuff Countertop a flat surface on top of a cabinet or display case as in a kitchen Cuff a fabric that is wrapped around a patient s arm Descale to remove hard deposits in water Dispenser something that gives out Ear Tubes attach the earpieces to the main body of the stethoscope Earpieces placed into the ears and transmit sounds directly into them Funnel a tube or pipe used for pouring liquid or powder into an opening Plate the metal part of an iron which touches the clothes for pressing Reservoir a receptacle for storing a fluid Submerge to place under water Tubing also called acoustic tubes connect ear tubes to the chestpiece diaphragm or bell Valve allows air in to inflate the cuff when the bulb is squeezed then can be unscrewed to release the air and remove the cuff White vinegar a type of vinegar which is more commonly used to clean and disinfect rather than for food CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 81 LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Perform aftercare activities for tools equipment and paraphernalia PERFORMANCE STANDARDS e Tools equipment and paraphernalia are cleaned after use according to standard operating procedures and in accordance with relevant safety procedures e
7. b NC II performs prescribe range of functions involving known routines and procedures has limited choice and complexity of functions and has little accountability CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 2 How Do You Use This Module This Module has 4 Lessons Each Lesson has the following Learning Outcomes Performance Standards Materials Definition of Terms What Do You Already Know What Do You Need to Know How Much Have You Learned How Do You Apply What You Learned How Well Did You Perform How Do You Extend Your Learning References To get the most from this Module you ve got to do the following he 9 Begin by reading and understanding the Learning Outcome s and Performance Standards These tell you what you should know and be able to do at the end of this Module Find out what you already know by taking the Pretest then check your answer against the Answer Key If you get 99 to 100 of the items correctly you may proceed to the next Lesson This means that you do not have to go through the Lesson because you already know what it is supposed to teach you If you failed to get 99 to 100 of the items correctly repeat the Lesson and review especially those items which you failed to get Do the required Learning Activities It begins with one or more Information Sheets An Information Sheet contains important notes or basic information that you need to know After reading the Inform
8. Identify Hazards and Risks PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Workplace hazards and risks are identified Hazards risks and their corresponding indicators are identified in the workplace Effects of hazards are determined ei Materials ae LCD projector or OHP Computer desktop or laptop DVD player Video clips CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 61 What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about different hazards and risks Take this test Pretest LO 1 i I Directions Write True if the statement is correct or False if it is incorrect 1 Too much bending and reaching is an example of physical hazard 2 Psychological hazards happen when a worker s environment becomes stressful 3 Observing the nursing home environment is one of the ways in determining health problems in the workplace 4 Accidents happen because people are not mindful of their environment 5 Too much lifting of heavy loads does not result in injury ll Directions Determine the type of hazard a worker is exposed to based on the description given in each item Unscramble the letter by placing the correct letter sequence in the shaded boxes to come up with the correct answer for each number 1 repetitive and forceful movements 5 stress from night shifts Pic O S Y H oO L A G I C L a a ee ee ee eee CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 62
9. Stethoscope LO2 Self check 2 1 ee D oaao CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 16 Lesson 2 PERFORM CALCULATIONS WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW LO1 Test O X XOX gt 00 wW 2 3 4 5 6 1 5 tsp 7 12 7 cm 8 200 kg 9 2 5 ml 10 180 mins HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED Self Check 1 1 Test 1 k 2 C 3 a 4 h 5 e 6 i 7 b 8 f 9 j 10 d Test Il 1 3 tsps 2 11 Ibs 3 96 8 F 4 30 in 5 60 ml CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 17 Test Ill ao ee ee ae at XOOOXXXOXO Self check 1 2 Test oR Oh gt rUuUw LS Test Il Body Surface Area BSA Method Clark s Rule Young s Rule Fried s Rule Enema Suppository cup dropper syringe hollow handle spoon Se are ete ee CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 18 Lesson 3 PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW LO1 1 repetitive and forceful movements RJO G I M C E N O_ E R G O N o m m C 2 spillages of toxic materials 3 bacteria and viruses L O B G I I O C L A Bil O L jojG I C A L 4 twisted extension cords FHT Y S CJA UP L He ja es Ue 5 stress from night shifts P iC Oo s Y H o L a GI C L PIS Y c jo j L ojG i jc jA IL LO2 Test 1 FALSE 2 TRUE CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Liv
10. feo What Do You Need To Know Read the Information Sheet 1 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self check 1 1 Information Sheet 1 1 yee HAZARDS AND RISKS Hazard is anything that may cause harm to an individual such as chemicals electricity open drawers and inadequate ventilation Risk is the possibility that somebody could be harmed by these and other hazards and the indication of how serious the harm can be Occupational Health and Safety Occupational Health and Safety is the campaign and maintenance of the well being of workers in every occupation It talks about providing a safe working environment to achieve an injury free workplace and a healthy atmosphere that protects every worker against illness As an effect it may also protect co workers family members clients and other members of the community who are affected by the workplace environment Types of Hazards Physical hazards are the most normal occurrences in workplaces They are usually easy to detect however very often are neglected because people are too accustomed to them Another reason may be due to lack of knowledge or people do not see situations as hazards Examples of physical hazards that a caregiver may be exposed to e Electrical hazards Even in day care institutions or nursing homes where care should be of utmost concern improper wiring and frayed cords may still go unnoticed Misuse of ele
11. generic name check for the dose strength expiration date Types of Rectal Drugs 1 Enema the injection of liquid into the rectum through the anus for cleansing for stimulating evacuation of the bowels or for other therapeutic or diagnostic purposes 2 Suppository a small piece of medicated substance usually conical ovoid or cylindrical introduced into a body passage as the rectum or vagina where body heat causes it to melt Dosage Calculation for Rectal Drugs Suppository is considered to be the most used form of rectal medicine By calculating the number of suppositories we give to the patient we will use the ratios in proportion method Example 1 Calculate for a suppository dosage supposing a patient needs 250 mg of a suppository and the package label says 125 mg Using ratios in proportion we will find the value of X number of suppository needed and our equation will be written as follows 1 suppository 125 mg X of suppository needed 250 mg CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 48 Let us compute 125 mg x X of Suppository needed 1 suppository x 250 mg 125 mg X 1 x 250 mg 125 mg X 250 mg X 250 mg 125 mg X 2 suppositories To sum it up we will have to give 2 suppositories to the patient since 2 suppositories equal 250 mg Example 2 A doctor asked the nurse to give the patient 20 mg of suppository The suppositories on the shelf show 10 mg ea
12. the measuring scale should be within the level of your eyes Expose the arm of your client by rolling the sleeves up Have your client s arm from the elbow down to rest fully extended on the bed or the arm of a chair Unroll the cuff loosen the screw and squeeze the cuff with your hands to remove air completely Wrap the cuff around your clients arm above the elbow not too tight or too loose Find your client s brachial pulse at the inside of the elbow Hold the diaphragm there and inflate the cuff until the pulse disappears Take note of the reading and immediately deflate the cuff This is the clients approximate systolic reading and is called the palpated systolic pressure Place the stethoscope s earpieces into your ears and place the diaphragm on the brachial pulse Turn the screw to close it Inflate the cuff until the dial points to 30 mm above the palpated systolic pressure Turn the screw to open it Let the air escape slowly until the sound of the pulse comes back Take note of the calibration that the pointer passes as you hear the first sound This indicates the systolic pressure You have to continue releasing the air from the cuff When you hear the sounds change to something softer and faster and disappear take note of the calibration This is now the diastolic pressure Deflate the cuff complete Remove it from the arm of your client and record the reading on the client s chart 15 Wipe the earpieces of the stethoscope
13. A blender is a kitchen and laboratory appliance which is used to mix puree or emulsify food and other substances Coffee Maker A coffee maker is an electric countertop appliance that brews hot coffee automatically CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 8 CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education Chopping Board A chopping board is a flat wooden or plastic board where meats or vegetables can be cut Electric Knife An electric knife is a kitchen device which is used for slicing food It requires less physical effort than an ordinary knife and makes neater slices Electric Can Opener An electric can opener is a very useful device which is used to open canned goods with ease and accuracy Food Processor A food processor is a multi tasking tool which is used to slice dice or whip food ingredients Food Tongs A food tongs is an instrument with two hinged or sprung arms for grasping and holding Ladle A ladle is a long handled spoon with a deep bowl at the end for serving food specially broth or soup Microwave Oven A microwave oven is an oven that uses microwave to cook or heat food Stove A stove is an appliance in which electricity gas is utilized to supply heat to be used for cooking or reheating Tools Equipment and Paraphernalia for Cleaning Washing and Ironing Bottle Sterilizer A bottle sterilizer is an apparatus which is used in destructing microorganism
14. CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 75 Activity sheet 2 2 ye Directions Work with a partner and read the situation given Then answer the questions that follow Case Study On December 20 2011 Velanie Lopez was working in the kitchen to prepare an apple watermelon smoothie for her client Paper towels or floor mops were not in sight When she left the kitchen another caregiver named Rafael went inside to prepare a meal The next day Velanie found out that Rafael was brought to a hospital Situation The blender which Velanie used on December 20 was found in the kitchen still plugged in the outlet There was a spill on the floor which seems to be a fruit shake The Accident After Rafael finished his client s meal he hurriedly went out of the kitchen moving his way through the floor where the spill was situated He badly fell on the floor and heavily bumped his head to it Questions 1 What do you think were the reasons which caused this accident to happen 2 How could this misfortune have been prevented 3 Who is to blame in this scenario Velanie or Rafael Defend your answer Activity sheet 2 3 yo Directions You are to be evaluated on a skill particularly in hand hygiene You will demonstrate the proper way of hand washing Remember to follow the steps correct You will be rated according to the following criteria SCORING CRITERIA Failed to perform 2 steps but demonstrated the rest co
15. Education 50 Body Surface Area BSA Method We will have to use the nomogram to determine a child s BSA then setup an equation using the formula For children of normal height and weight 50 20 1 15 Here is the formula Height cm in S FSas w w i 5 3 2 gt S Body surface area in square meters Average adult dose child s BSA in m average adult BSA Child s dose in mg Note Average adult BSA 1 73 m Nomogram for other children Sh Welght a i O NW a ODODO opopo O nan in a Ib 180 160 14 130 120 110 100 90 60 70 60 50 45 40 g CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 51 Sample We have to compute for a child s dose who weighs 40 Ibs and 36 tall What is the safe drug dose if the average adult dose is 500mg Using the nomogram the child s BSA is 0 72 m Computation Based on BSA Method 500mg 0 72 m 1 73 m child s dose in mg 500mg 42 child s dose 500mg 42 210mg child s dose 210mg Clark s Rule Clark s Rule uses Weight in Ibs NEVER in kg Here is the formula Adult dose child s weight 150 Approximate child s dose Simple Sample We have to compute for a 2 year old child s dose who weighs 28 Ibs wherein the adult dose is 500mg Computation Based on Clark s Rule 500mg 28 150 approximate child s dose 500mg
16. I Directions Write True if the statement is correct or False if it is incorrect 1 Twisting the body when doing a task is important to avoid ergonomic hazard 2 Proper hand washing is the first line of defense against the spread of illness to other people 3 A wet gown is considered contaminated 4 The best method of control measure is through substitution 5 Providing improved tools and equipment to workers to prevent hazard is an example of engineering control ll Directions Give an example for each type of control measure 1 Elimination 2 Substitution 3 Engineering control 4 Administrative control 5 EPP Refer to the Answer Key What is your score AN How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Paa a Show that you learned something by doing this activity Activity sheet 2 1 Directions Do this interactive online activity by following the link provided to you htto www safework sa gov au contentPages EducationAndTraining ActivitiesAndTests Virtu alKitchen vkitchenframe htm Part of a caregiver s work is to prepare meal for a client Therefore moving around in the kitchen becomes a common experience This activity will test how well you have learned from this module You will enter the world of the kitchen and examine the environment for possible hazards You will then be given a situation which you need to think about Choices will be given and you must choose the best possible control measure
17. South Asia PTE LTD 2009 Workbook for International Nursing Seminars 2007 Kaplan Inc Karen Gahan Tarnow Dosage Calculations Made Incredibly Easy 3 Edition Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2005 Mildred O Hogstel and Linda Cox Curry Practical Guide to Health Assessment Through the Life Span 3 Edition F A Davs Company 2001 Assessment Technologies Institute Fundamentals of Nursing Practice 2004 Online Resources http www mathleague com http www icoachmath com htto www mathsisfun com http mathcentral uregina ca CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 57 http www homeschoolmath net http webtools delmarlearning com http www cwu edu landeisb webquery html http www wisc online com Objects ViewObject aspx ID GEM2004 http www purplemath com modules ratio4 htm http cstl syr edu fipse decunit ratios revprop htm http flashcarddb com cardset 807 1 dosage calculation conversions flashcards http www ehow com info_8368127_three measurement systems pharmacy calculations html http www davesems com files drug_dose_calculations pdf http www testandcalc com quiz testmeth htm http nursesaregreat com articles drugcal htm http www google com ph http wps pearsoned com chet_giangrasso_dosagecalc_1 106 27158 6952596 cw index html http otcsafety org en experts how to read a drug facts label1 http www teenoverthecounterdrugabuse com expired drug danger html http www medscape com viewartic
18. areas in line with farm procedures Farm tools and equipment are regularly sharpened and oiled from time to time Definition of Terms Bulb a rubber which is squeezed to inflate the cuff Carafe a glass pot with a pouring spout Caregiver a worker who is qualified to provide personal care independently or with minimal supervision to children elderly or people with special needs disabilities Chestpiece also called the head contains the diaphragm or bell that vibrates with sound Child an individual with age ranging from 0 13 years old Countertop a flat surface on top of a cabinet or display case as in a kitchen Cuff a fabric that is wrapped around a patient s arm Ear Tubes attach the earpieces to the main body of the stethoscope Earpieces part of the stethoscope which are placed into the ears and transmit sounds directly into them Elderly an individual with age ranging from sixty 60 years old and above Emulsify the process of combining two liquids that do not normally mix easily Infant an individual with age ranging from 0 12 months 1 yr old Lever a projecting handle used to adjust or operate a function People with special needs Disabilities person incapable of performing specific tasks either physically mentally and or behaviorally Rectum the end part of the large intestine Reservoir a receptacle for storing fluid Suction a force that causes a flu
19. different parts of the room Imagine these cards as exhibits You will be divided into five groups but it does not necessarily mean that you will work as a team Your groupings will be used to facilitate this activity making sure that you do the gallery walk properly You can however share your work with your groupmates Do the following steps in performing the gallery walk 1 Together with your groupmates physically roam around the room starting from the first card to the fifth card Make sure that you have your notebook and ballpen with you 2 Every time you stop by a card read and study the computation given Check whether or not the given answer is correct If it is not right compute for the correct answer You may share your work with any of your groupmates or you may ask questions from them If you believe the answers written on the cards are correct then show the solutions to prove that they are indeed correct 3 Wait for your teacher s instructions or announcement on when your group should move to the next card or exhibit Never go to the next card unless your teacher tells you so 4 As soon as you have studied all the cards you may go back to your seat and wait for the next instructions from your teacher i Congratulations You did a great job Rest and relax a while then move on to the next i lesson Good luck REFERENCES LO1 Elana D Zucker The Caregivers Resourcebook 6 Edition Pearson Education
20. for washing clothes and linen BP Apparatus Aneroid sphyqmomanometer An aneroid unit is mercury free and consists of a cuff that can be applied with one hand for self testing a stethoscope that is built in or attached and a valve that inflates and deflates automatically with the data displayed on an easy to read gauge that will function in any position CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 12 BP Apparatus Mercurial sohygmomanometer A mercury based unit has a manually inflatable cuff attached by tubing to the unit that is calibrated in millimeters of mercury During blood pressure measurement the unit must be kept upright on a flat surface and the gauge read at eye level BP Apparatus Digital Sphygmomanometer A digital unit is mercury free and consists of a cuff that can be applied with one hand for self testing a stethoscope that is built in or attached and a valve that inflates and deflates automatically with the data displayed on the LCD Stethoscope A stethoscope is an instrument which is used for listening to the action of the heart lungs etc usually consisting of a circular piece placed against the chest with tubes leading to earpieces Thermometer A thermometer is an instrument for measuring temperature CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 13 How Much Have You Learned Self Check 1 1 fl I Directions Search for the ten 10 differe
21. is your score CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 10 ey How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Show that you learned something by doing this activity Activity Sheet 1 1 ye Directions Watch these videos by following the given links Then write a reaction paper indicating your observations and opinions on the proper way of caring for a particular tool equipment or paraphernalia You may use the questions below as your guide in preparing your activity http www youtube com watch v dflDnG3pqQs http www youtube com watch v 9sHujPOgVYE amp feature related Guide questions Was the process correctly done Explain your answer Was there any part in the video s that tell s you that there is something wrong What part was it Why did you come up with this observation What was your favorite part in the video s Why do you like it What is the best tip given by the demonstrator s N a i Activity Sheet 1 2 i Directions You will be provided with five 5 tools equipment or paraphernalia used in caregiving You are to be evaluated on how well you can demonstrate the proper ways of cleaning caring for and storing the given tools equipment or paraphernalia Remember to follow the steps correctly You must get 100 accuracy Students with the score of 9 and below are required to perform the activity again You will be rated according to the following criteria 5 tools equipment and paraphe
22. maker with a fabric cover Cleaning and storing an electric knife 1 2 Turn off and unplug the electric knife Detach the cord from the knife If the cord is not detachable you have to be more careful so that the cord does not get wet Wash the blade with water and detergent Rinse the blade well and wipe with a clean cloth Then wipe the exterior with a damp cloth followed by a dry one Place the knife inside its box and store in a kitchen cabinet CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education Cleaning and storing an electric opener 1 2 Unplug the electric can opener Because the parts are small and difficult to clean use a toothbrush and a mild detergent to remove food particles left after opening cans Wipe with a dry and clean cloth and lubricate the cutter with a light oil Make sure to wipe away excess lubricant to make certain that it does not transfer to the components of the can that will be opened next Place the can opener inside its box and store in a kitchen cabinet Cleaning and storing a food processor s Turn off and unplug the food processor Take the parts of the food processor apart Take them all apart so that you get all the little pieces of food removed All the removable pieces of the food processor can be washed in warm water with a mild dish soap Do not scrub the parts of the processor with abrasive cleaners or pads Be careful with the blades They s
23. of your choice in the space provided before each item Column A Column B 1 ry A It destructs microorganisms in containers han 2 B Itis a multi tasking tool used in preparing food 3 C It removes moisture through ventilation 4 D Itis used for listening to the action of the heart lungs etc 5 E It is an instrument for grasping and holding ll Directions Identify the tool equipment or paraphernalia used in the given specific tasks 1 Cleans the dishes without doing it manually 2 Presses clothes or draperies 3 Reheats food for the client 4 Emulsifies food ingredients 5 Hangs garments on CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 7 feo What Do You Need To Know Read the Information Sheet 1 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self check 1 1 Information Sheet 1 1 gt Caregiving Tools Equipment and Paraphernalia One of the most important tasks of a caregiver is to make sure that he she uses the right equipment tool or paraphernalia that is applicable to a specific job You as a future caregiver therefore should be well versed with the different tools and equipment that you will use when you are already in the health care profession Tools Equipment and Paraphernalia Used in Meal Preparation Airpot An air pot is a vessel usually rounded which is used for holding liquid to maintain heat or coldness Blender
24. the next lesson Good luck CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 12 REFERENCES Elana D Zucker The Caregiver s Resourcebook 6 Edition Pearson Education South Asia PTE LTD 2009 National League of Philippine Government Nurses Inc Public Health Nursing in the Philippines 10 Edition National League of Philippine Government Nurses Inc Mildred O Hogstel and Linda Cox Curry Practical Guide to Health Assessment Through the Life Span 3 Edition F A Davs Company 2001 Assessment Technologies Institute Fundamentals of Nursing Practice 2004 Nursing Procedures Incredibly Easy 2002 Springhourse Corporation Online Resources http www ehow com how_7719401_clean air pot html http www aptkitchen com kitchen accessories articles electric knife cleaning php http nome howstuffworks com how to repair small appliances6 htm http howtoeasy blogspot com 2010 01 clean your microwave oven with vinegar htm http navyadministration toub com 14163 css 14163_78 htm http www goodhousekeeping com home heloise heloise spring cleaning dishwasher grime http housekeeping about com od laundry ht ironcleaning htm http blog lydiasuniforms com blog uniforms and scrubs qanda caring for your stethoscope http www geratherm com wp content uploads 201 1 03 user manual Geratherm clinic pdf http www healthaidindia com digital thermometers maintenance of digital thermometers html http www dableducational org pdfs spring
25. 00 mg x 3 tablets 10 X 7500 mg X 7500 10 X 750 mg Check and complete the equation 2300 mg 750 10 tablets 3 tablets CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 41 dw IN A NUTSHELL e We use a colon or a double colon in ratios e We use a forward slash or a horizontal bar in fractions e Proportion is an equation showing 2 sets of equal ratios e The middle items in a proportion is called means e The external items in a proportion are called extremes e Xin an equation which stands for the missing or unknown value o l A GLANCE AT MEASUREMENTS AND Converting weight CONVERSIONS is just a piece of cake Dosage calculations involve measurements and conversions of the formulation ingredients and components of drugs Measurements and conversions must be calculated accurately to ensure s that we will be able to give the correct dosage to our tb patients T JRE fe P st IX j we 0 Ve Below is a table of most commonly used measurements with its corresponding conversions DOSAGE CALCULATION CONVERSIONS 1 liter L 1 ounce 02 1 ounce 0z 1 milliliter ml 1 gram 9 1 pint 1 milligram mg 1 kilogram kg 1 kilogram kg 1 inch in CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 42 Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit multiply by 1 8 then add 32 Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius subtract 32 then divide by 1 8
26. 07 Chapter4_ Measurement_of_blood_pressure_P art2 pdf http www sooperarticles com health fitness articles medical equipment articles medical instruments maintenance how clean sphygmomanometer 269087 htm http www adctoday com images PDF IB 93 7001 00 pdf http www ehow com how_2063587_use washing machine html www google com http www ehow com how_ 8162704 _use clothes iron html http en wikipedia org wiki Infrared_ thermometer http www digitalthermometers net digitalthermometers aspx http en wikipedia org wiki Infrared_ thermometer http www google com imgres q airpot dispenser amp um 1 amp hl en amp tom isch amp tbnid eMMySm WHWFV2WM amp imgrefurl hittp www ebay com itm 3L Electric Airpot Dispenser Hot W ater Dispensing Pot Stainless Steel 190574711684 amp docid nKgED4fbi0yVMM amp imgurl http img gmcmarket com customer T win horse 5 jog amp w 450 amp h 662 amp el CzpQT 5bvFuk TiQey1 P383Cw amp zZoom 1 amp biw 1 241 amp bih 567 http www howtocleanawashingmachine org http www goodhousekeeping com product reviews research institute how to clean a washing machine http www wisegeek com what is white vinegar htm http www howtocleanstuff net now to clean a washing machine http www puzzlefast com http thinks com daily crossword how to play htm http www youtube com watch v dflDnG3pqQs http www youtube com watch v 9sHujPOgVYE amp feature related CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Educati
27. 19 approximate child s dose 500mg 19 95mg approximate child s dose 95mg Young s Rule for Children from 1 to 12 years old Young s Rule uses age in years which makes it easier to remember the word young refers to age Here is the formula Adult dose child s age in year child s age in year 12 Approximate child s dose Same Simple Sample We have to compute for a 2 year old child s dose who weighs 28 lbs Wherein the adult dose is 500mg Note that the weight has no bearing using Young s Rule CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 52 Computation Based on Young s Rule 500mg 2 2 12 approximate child s dose 500mg 2 14 approximate child s dose 500mg 14 approximate child s dose 500mg 14 70mg Approximate child s dose 70 mg Fried s Rule for Infants and Children up to 2 years Fried s Rule uses age in months Here is the formula Adult dose child s age in months 150 Approximate child s dose Still the Same Simple Sample We have to compute for a 2 year old child s dose who weighs 28 lbs wherein the adult dose is 500mg Note that the weight has no bearing using Fried s Rule Computation Based on Fried s Rule 500mg 2x 12 months 150 approximate child s dose 500mg 24 150 approximate child s dose 500mg 16 approximate child s dose 500mg 16 80mg Approximate child s dose 80 mg Important Every m
28. Function Equipment tools and Sample picture of paraphernalia for Used for cleaning Removes dust duster cleaning washing laundry and ironing Submitted by Submitted to Name of Student TLE Teacher Date CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 15 lt How Do You Extend Your Learning Assignment Sheet 1 1 Directions Make a list of the different tools equipment and paraphernalia that may be found in your home Identify the function of each and determine whether or not this can be used in a health care environment Tools equipment and Can these be used in a paraphernalia health care environment CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 16 LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Use caregiving tools equipment and paraphernalia properly PERFORMANCE STANDARDS e Equipment tools and paraphernalia are used properly e Equipment tools and paraphernalia are used based on the task requirement Materials LCD projector or OHP Computer desktop or laptop Pictures of tools equipment and paraphernalia DVD player Blender Coffee maker Electric can opener Food processor Microwave oven Electric bottle sterilizer lron Washing machine Clinical thermometer Digital thermometer Ear digital thermometer Infrared thermometer with laser pointer Sphygmomanometer mercurial and aneroid Stethoscope CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 17 Wh
29. PARTMENT OF EDUCATION Republic of the Philippines p DEFAETHERT MOF ERUCATHO K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learnings Module CAREGIVING EXPLORATORY COURSE Grades 7 and Grade 8 re TABLE OF CONTENTS Page What Is This Module About c ccccccccccccccccssccccscecccecceececscecsucceceucecauscecucecausceuscersnecsusecersneesans 2 How Do You Use This Module cccccccccccccceccccesccccscccececuuccecescecauccecececaucecuuscecusecauscenseeersnecens 3 LESSON 1 Use and Maintenance of Tools Equipment and Paraphernalia 4 LESSON 2 Petform Galc ulations sicsciecsjedssntes nasceasyestnsoonnttanstalotadussatsdetubedadesanstadubadetoes 33 LESSON 3 Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures 60 LESSON 4 Maintain Tools Equipment and Paraphernalia eee 83 aS BT 5 Gal oh ee ee ee en ee ee ee eee ee ee 99 NINO OTM a sec cee E TE E E NE 107 CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 1 What Is This Module About Welcome to the world of Caregiving This Module is an exploratory and introductory course which leads you to Caregiving National Certificate Level II NC Il It covers four common competencies that a Grade 7 Grade 8 Technology and Livelihood Education TLE student like you ought to possess namely Use Tools Equipment and Paraphernalia Perform Calculations 3 Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures
30. Specialist TESDA REYNALDO S DANTES MARIA A ROQUE Senior TESD Specialist TESDA Senior TESD Specialist TESDA BERNADETTE S AUDIJE VICTORIO N MEDRANO Senior TESD Specialist TESDA Principal IV SPRCNHS PARALUMAN R GIRON Ed D BRENDA B CORPUZ Ph D Chair Sub TWG on K to 10 TA for K to 12 Curriculum OFELIA O FLOJO BEATRIZ A ADRIANO Retired Assistant Chief EED Region IV A Principal IV ERVHS AIDA T GALURA DOMINGA CAROLINA F CHAVEZ VSA Il ACNTS Principal Il MBHS DOCUMENTORS SECRETARIAT PRISCILLA E ONG FREDERICK G DEL ROSARIO K to 12 Secretariat Head Teacher II BNAHS EMMANUEL V DIONISIO LYMWEL P LOPEZ Head Teacher Ill AFGBMTS Teacher AFGBMTS DANTE D VERMON JR CHERLYN F DE LUNA Teacher AFGBMTS Teacher AFGBMTS Dir IMELDA B TAGANAS Executive Director Qualifications Standards Office K to 12 Learning Area Team Convenor TLE TVE CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 22
31. Tools equipment and paraphernalia are placed stored in the appropriate area following safety procedures e Tools equipment and paraphernalia are checked regularly for orderliness tidiness in accordance with employer s requirements e Routine maintenance is carried out or arranged as per standard operating procedures Materials e LCD projector or OHP e Bottle sterilizer e Computer desktop or laptop e Sphygmomanometer aneroid e DVD player mercurial and digital e Airpot e Stethoscope e Blender e Thermometer e Coffee maker e Sponge head bottle cleaner e Electric knife e Lint free cloth e Electric can opener e Towel e Food processor e Baking soda e Food tongs e Spray bottle e Microwave oven e Paper towels e Flat iron e Mop e Ironing board e Video clips e Washing machine CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 82 e What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about the processes in caring for tools equipment and paraphernaliaused in Caregiving service Take this test Pretest LO 1 i Directions Write True if the statement is correct or False if it is incorrect 1 Before attempting to clean any electrical device it is a must that you turn it off and unplug from the outlet 2 Blender base may be plastic or steel but both deserve proper cleaning 3 The removable pieces of the food processor should not be washed with water 4 White vinegar is very us
32. al bar for fractions Double colon used for ratios also means equal used for fractions WHAT IS AN X Finding the value of X is very important in dosage calculations X is the unknown amount or quantity we are going to compute so we can identify what is being asked for in an equation Steps in Solving the Value of X Using Ratios in Proportion 1 Prepare the equation 2 Start with the solution by doing a multiplication Note The product of the means is equivalent to the product of the extremes Means are the middle quantities while the extremes are the external quantities 3 Solve for the value of X 4 Double check your work by completing the equation Example 1 How many nurses will take charge of 15 patients if 6 nurses handle 30 patients Step 1 Prepare the equation X 15 patients 6 nurses 30 patients CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 39 Step 2 Start with the solution by doing a multiplication Multiply the means middle using the left side and multiply the extremes external items using the right side Put an equal sign between both sides 15 patients x 6 nurses X x 30 patients Step 3 Solve for the value of X In the given problem the value of X refers to 15 patients x 6 nurses X x 30 patients 90 30 X 90 30 xX or X 3 nurses Therefore 3 nurses will take charge of 15 patients while 6 nurses handle 30 patients Step 4 Double check your work by completing
33. and washing to rid yourself of germs in no time 1 Prepare your materials before washing your hands paper towel bar or liquid soap 2 Turn on the faucet and wet wrists and hands thoroughly Use a generous amount of soap 3 Rub your hands together and between fingers Be sure to use friction when washing as this helps in cleaning your hands Do not forget the surface of your hands palms the spaces within the fingers and above the wrists Do this process for at least 20 seconds CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 73 You might want to sing happy birthday twice slowly to make sure you attained the minimum number of seconds in washing your hands 4 Clean your nails by rubbing the soap later through them If your nails are long it is advisable that health care workers do not grow their nails long use a soft stick or the nails of the other hand to remove the dirt under them 5 Rinse your hands thoroughly under running water Remember to rinse from above the wrist down to the fingers 6 Use a paper towel to dry hands and discard immediately 7 Use anew paper towel to close faucet being careful not to contaminate your hands This paper towel should be discarded right away Put a Stop to Ergonomic Hazard Efficient control measures are now being utilized by employers to avoid ergonomic hazards among health care workers Manual handling of patients for example has become less stressful due to some parap
34. another will require us to move the decimal place to the left or to the right To know how many decimal places to move follow these steps 1 Write the metric scale 2 Find out what the two units in the problem are 3 Count the number of units from the given one to the desired one Example 1 Convert 1 decigrams to micrograms The decimal place is moved 3 places to the right using mg kg hg dag g dg cg mg mcg Therefore 0 1 dg 1000 mg CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 44 Example 2 Convert 250 millilitres to litres The decimal place is moved 3 places to the left ml kl hl dal dl cl ml mel Therefore 250 ml 0 250 dw IN A NUTSHELL Still a lot of health professionals are having difficulty with drug calculations Is it because they don t like Math Before administration some drugs require some sort of calculation and some of which requires simple to complex conversion Don t make life complicated Look for the best alternative measurement system which could make all the difference and make things easy for you CALCULATING ORAL DRUG DOSAGES A Glance at Oral Drugs These substances which are administered orally can be in the form of tablet capsule or liquid Oral drugs are mostly available in a limited number of strengths or concentrations It is therefore very important that you have the skill to calculate prescribed dosages for different drug
35. at Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about the proper way of using tools equipment and paraphernalia used on Caregiving Take this test Pretest LO 2 ee Directions Write True if the statement is correct or False if it is Incorrect 1 Infrared thermometers are commonly called laser thermometers 2 Temperatures are bodily functions that reflect the body s state of health and are easily measurable 3 The first step in washing clothes is sorting them according to color and type of garment Iron should cool down before storing When measuring the client s temperature it is not important for the caregiver to wash his her hands because he she does not come in contact with the client s bodily fluid Il Directions Encircle the letter of the best answer 1 What is the balance between heat produced and heat lost in the body pulse rate body temperature respiratory rate blood pressure aT 2 This type of thermometer uses mercury and therefore is considered unsafe to use a ear thermometer b infrared thermometer c digital thermometer d clinical thermometer 3 Which of the following is not proper when operating a blender a operating a blender in a dry flat surface b plugging the blender first before putting the pitcher onto the base c choosing the setting appropriate for the specified task d placing all the parts of the blender in their appropriate places before operat
36. ating by choosing the setting appropriate for the task you are going to do 6 You may add food or ingredients through the secondary lid while the blender is running 7 Clean the blender after use Coffee Maker 1 Fill the carafe with water according to the number of cups of coffee you need to make 2 Pour the water from the carafe into the reservoir of the coffee maker and place the carafe back into position 3 Place a coffee filter into the filter basket The amount of coffee you ll need to add depends on how strong or weak your clients like it Then add the coffee into the filter using a spoon 4 Turn on the coffee maker and wait for your coffee to brew Electric Can Opener 1 Plug the electric can opener into an outlet si Sees 2 Lift up the lever that raises the cutting wheel an om into the air Place the lip of the can under the wheel Put the lever down and press smrc hard enough so that the wheel gets into the can 3 Turn on the opener while holding the a A m bottom of the can and it will automatically turn as the wheel slices through the can idler Gear Motor 4 Remove the can from the opener when it reaches the end and you feel a slight drop of the can The lid will remain attached to the magnet on the opener and the can is ready to dump 5 Unplug the opener from the outlet Food Processor 1 Remove the food processor from its box container 2 Place it on a stable flat surface
37. ation Sheet test yourself on how much you have learned by way of the Self check Refer to the Answer Key for correction Do not hesitate to go back to the Information Sheet when you do not get all test items correctly This will ensure your mastery of basic information lt is not enough that you acquire content or information You must be able to demonstrate what you have learned by doing what the Activity Operation Job Sheet directs you to do In other words you must be able to apply what you learned in real life How well did you perform Accomplish the Scoring Rubrics Each Lesson also provides you with references and definition of key terms for your guide They can be of great help Use them fully a gt If you have questions ask your teacher for assistance CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education OO Use Tools Equipment and Paraphernalia LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this Lesson you are expected to do the following LO 1 Identify caregiving tools equipment and paraphernalia applicable to specific job LO 2 Use caregiving tools equipment and paraphernalia properly LO 3 perform preventive maintenance CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 4 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Tools and equipment are cleaned immediately after use in line with farm procedures Routine check up and maintenance are performed Tools and equipment are stored in designated
38. away or to get rid of the hazard However more often than not this is not possible So employers make use of any of the remaining control measures The general rule is that the use of personal protective equipment PPE should be the last alternative in controlling hazards and risks in a workplace Although it is said that the best method of control measure is through elimination of hazards a very good technique for a safe and healthy environment is through the utilization of a combination of methods PRACTICAL WAYS TO PREVENT HAZARDS AND RISKS A Closer Look at Electricity As common sense dictates you have to ensure that all electrical equipment you use is in good condition e Check electrical cords and make sure they are not frayed e Your hands should be dry before attempting to use any electrical equipment e Do not attempt to change fuses unless you know what you are doing e Do not turn on all appliances at the same time just because you want to save time Use of Personal Protective Equipment Surgical Gown Caregivers should religiously abide by the following i to prevent biological hazards from happening A Sy e Wear gown that is long enough to cover your clothing Because the outside of the gown is j considered contaminated this should not be J touched when it is removed A gown that is a wet is of course considered contaminated 7 also A caregiver should wear a clean gown every client care In case the gown is
39. c melted on your sole plate because it can be removed Puta piece of aluminum foil on the ironing board and sprinkle it with salt Ironing over the salt and foil will help loosen the plastic Do not try to scrape the plastic off with metal tools This may permanently damage the sole plate If the vent holes of your iron have become blocked with starch or buildup you may clean them with cotton buds dipped in a 1 to 1 ratio of water and vinegar Cleaning and storing an ironing board 1 Remove the ironing board cover and pad 2 Wipe the entire ironing board down with a damp cloth Since most ironing boards are made of metal be sure to dry the board thoroughly to prevent rust 3 Spot clean the ironing board cover with a slightly damp cloth Most ironing board covers are coated with a scorch and stain protectant so cleaning should be easy CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 6 4 Replace the ironing board s cover by stretching it evenly on top of the ironing board and making sure it doesn t form any wrinkles that could leave marks on clothes Be sure the surface of the ironing board is completely dry before reattaching the pad and cover 5 Fold down the ironing board and store in a place where it will be safe from bumping and falling Cleaning and caring for a washing machine 1 Wipe the top front and sides of the washing machine with spray cleaner and paper towels 2 Wipe the underside of the lid with spray
40. ch How many pieces of suppository should you give to the patient This is how to solve it using ratios in proportion method Let our equation be read as 1 suppository 10 mg X of suppository needed 20 mg Let us compute for X which is the number of suppository needed 10 mg x X 1 Suppository x 20 mg 10 mg X 1x 20mg X 20mg 10mg X 2 suppositories Since the patient needs 20 mg of suppository we will give him her 2 suppositories with 10 mg each To check 2 suppositories multiplied to 10 mg will give us 20 mg of suppository dw IN A NUTSHELL Make sure to read or interpret the labels carefully The two types of rectal drugs are enema and suppository Suppository is the most commonly used rectal drug Using ratios in proportion method is the best way to calculate the dosage for rectal drugs CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 49 A GLANCE AT CALCULATING PEDIATRIC DOSAGES FOR ORAL DRUGS In calculating drug dosages for pediatric patients we have to bear in mind that children are completely different from adults An inaccurate dosage is more likely to harm a child than that of an adult Administering Pediatric Oral Drugs Infants and young children who can hardly take tablets or capsules are given oral drugs in the form of liquid In some cases wherein liquid medicines are not available you may crush a tablet and mix it with a little amount of liquid If the medication is mixed in a large am
41. cleaner and a couple of paper towels 3 Itis time to clean the basin or the container of the washer Fill it with hot water 2 cups of lemon or lime juice for rust problems or 2 cups of vinegar for odor problems If both problems are present you have to run a cycle of each 4 For the second time fill the washer with hot water on the largest load setting Put 2 cups of bleach to the water to help in removing stains Run a wash and rinse cycle 5 Fill the washer with plain water and run one more cycle to rinse away any residue 6 Clean the bleach dispenser by soaking it in a bucket of warm water When the buildup has loosened remove the dispenser from the pad and place on a paper towel Wipe away any remaining dirt with the use of spray cleaner and paper towels Dry the dispenser and return to the original place in the machine 7 Clean the outside of the hoses with a cloth and spray cleaner 8 When the washer has completely dried place its lid back Mop the floor specially the portion where the washer stands You may use a vacuum with hose attachment to clean under the washer Dusts tend to accumulate in this place Be extra careful when doing this taking into account the cords and electrical outlet areas Cleaning and storing a sterilizer 1 Remove the racks of the sterilizer Wipe the interior with a clean damp sponge 2 Put 1 cup of white vinegar into the sterilizer 3 Turn on the sterilizer and allow it to run through its
42. cool dry place Calculating Drug Dosages Most of the time you will use ratios in proportion to compute for drug dosages At this point in time you should already be familiar in dealing with the equation using ratios in proportions Rules in Calculating Drug Dosages Remember the rules to accurately calculate drug dosages and eliminate errors as well 1 Use the correct units of measure to avoid errors in calculating doses 2 Be careful in placing decimal and zero 3 Double check strange answers Steps in Calculating Drug Dosages Using Ratios in Proportion 1 Prepare the equation by using ratios in proportion CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 46 2 Start with the solution by considering that the product of the means is equivalent to the product of the extremes Means being the middle items and extremes being the external items 3 Solve for the value of X 4 Double check your work by completing the equation using ratios in proportion Example 1 How many ml of a medicine are in two bottles if one bottle has 60 ml Step 1 Prepare the equation by using ratios in proportion 1 bottle 60 ml 2 bottles X Step 2 Start with the solution by considering that the product of the means is equivalent to the product of the extremes Means being the inner items and extremes being the external items 60 ml x 2 bottles 1 bottle x X Step 3 Solve for the value of X In the given problem the value of X refers t
43. ctious materials and safety Physical hazard E The promotion and maintenance of the well being of workers a a ee m Occupational health D The indication of how serious the harm can be Refer to the Answer Key What is your score oy How Do You Apply What You Have Learned for sret Show that you learned something by doing this activity Activity sheet 1 1 A Directions For you to be able to understand more the concepts about hazards and risks do this interactive online activity by following the link below http www safework sa gov au contentPages EducationAndT raining ActivitiesAndT ests Hunt TheHazards hunt htm Try to identify the hazards in every scene by dragging the given solution situated at the right side of the scene If in case you will find it difficult to find the hazards you can ask for help by using the indicate hazards button You will definitely enjoy this as you go through each scene Also you will acquire additional knowledge about hazards and risks So what are you waiting for Take pleasure in searching for the different hazards that may be seen in the workplace CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 67 Activity sheet 1 1 B ye Directions Watch these videos by following the links that follow Then answer the questions direct to the point Write your answers on a sheet of paper Use additional sheet if necessary A http Awww youtube com watch v UWSPIHGiuFs a
44. ctrical equipment also happens in any type of work environment e Endless loud noise If one is going to work in a nursing home frequent noise from patients who are suffering from depression is definitely a hazard e Spills on floors or tripping hazards There are times when even the caregivers themselves do not mind spills on floors This definitely poses hazard to everyone Some of the Effects of Physical Hazards e Fire e Decreased efficiency e Annoyance e Falls CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 63 Biological hazards come from working with animals people or infectious materials This is therefore one of the most common hazards that a caregiver faces If one is working in a day care hospital hotel laundry nursing home laboratories he she may be exposed to biological hazards Examples of physical hazards that a caregiver may be exposed to blood or other body fluids fungi bacteria and viruses contaminated wastes Some of the Effects of Biological Hazards e infections e skin irritations e allergy e Tuberculosis e AIDS Ergonomic hazards occur when a caregivers nature of work body position and working conditions put pressure on his her body It is difficult to spot this type of hazard because caregivers do not immediately notice the effect to their bodies At first sore muscles may be experienced But long term exposure to this type of hazard can cause musculoskeletal prob
45. cycle When the cycle is done unplug the sterilizer and allow it to cool down then pour any remaining liquid down the sink 4 Wash the interior well with cool water and use a clean sponge to remove any build up that came loose as a result of the cleaning process CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 7 5 Plug again the sterilizer and add the regular amount of water you use for normal sterilization Run a cycle with just this water This will remove the remaining traces of vinegar from the unit 6 Unplug the sterilizer let it cool down and then pour any remaining liquid down the sink Rinse the sterilizer one last time with cool water and a sponge Put back the racks inside the sterilizer 7 When the sterilizer has cooled down completely place it in a kitchen cabinet Cleaning and storing a spohygmomanometer 1 You may clean the aneroid gauge valve and inflation bulb by wiping with slightly dampened cloth or Cuff alcohol pad NC j 2 Integrated One Piece Cuff You may f lease Valve kand Bulb safely clean the cuffs with a damp Sphygmomanometer Aneroid i 4 cloth 70 alcohol or 0 5 bleach Tubing gt solution may be used or washed in ki warm water 140 F 60 C maximum AANT ae with mild detergent 7 j Before laundering the cuff AaOr Gaga 1 Take off the inflation bulb and valve from the cuff 2 Make sure to close off the end of the tubing with tube plug accessory
46. dicated as the mercury content is dangerous to people Digital thermometer may be inserted into the mouth under the tongue under the armpit or into the anus This thermometer displays the reading in the LCD This type of thermometer does not use mercury which is hazardous to humans That is why more and more people are using it now Also using this is simple quick and effective Ear digital thermometer measures the heat coming from the eardrum This release of heat is converted into a temperature and displayed on an LCD It is very easy to use this You just have to place the tip in the ear of a person press the button and in a few seconds the measurement is seen on the LCD CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 24 Infrared thermometer with laser pointer measures temperature using thermal radiation emitted by the body It is also called laser thermometer if a laser is utilized to aid in aiming the thermometer Others call it non contact thermometer because of its ability to measure temperature from a distance It provides temperature reading without physically touching the object All you have to do is aim at the object as in the forehead pull the trigger and immediately you can see the temperature reading on the LCD Using a Digital Thermometer rectum through the anus 1 Wash your hands and take the thermometer out of its holder 2 Clean the probe pointed end of the thermometer with rubbi
47. e vessel for fluids Suppository small piece medicine designed to melt within a body opening other than the mouth especially the rectum or vagina CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 34 LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Perform simple calculations PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Computations involving ratios fractions proportions and conversions are performed Oral drug dosages are computed Rectal dosages are determined Pediatric dosages are calculated ei Materials gt s Se e LCD projector or OHP e Computer desktop or laptop e Suppository e Vial e Syringe e Sample drug labels e Measuring cup for syrups e Dropper e Hollow handle spoon CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 35 What Do You Already Know Pretest LO 1 ye Directions True or False Write an O if the statement is true or write an X if the statement is false 1 Oral drugs can be in tablet capsule or suppository form 2 Reading carefully the drug labels is very important in administering medicines to the patients J Medicines of the same brand name and generic name always has the same dosage strength 4 The unknown value in calculation is usually represented by a 5 The adult s average Body Surface Area BSA is 1 73 m Directions Choose the letter of the correct answer by encircling the letter of your choice 1 A patient who weighs 65 kg is scheduled to receive 75 m
48. ealth fitness articles medical equipment articles medical instruments maintenance how clean sohygmomanometer 269087 html http Awww adctoday com images PDEF IB 93 7001 00 pdf http www ehow com how 2063587 use washing machine html www google com http Awww ehow com how_ 8162704 use clothes iron html http en wikipedia org wiki Infrared_ thermometer http www digitalthermometers net digitalthermometers aspx http en wikipedia org wiki Infrared thermometer http www youtube com watch v S648xZDK7b0 amp feature fvsr http Awww drugs com cq taking a rectal temperature html http Awww ehow com facts 5048247 parts stethoscope html http Awww ehow com how_ 7416851 _identify parts stethoscope sphygmomanome ter html http jproffcomm tripod com id4 html http Awww thefreedictionary com CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 32 Perform Calculations LEARNING OUTCOME At the end of this Lesson you are expected to LO 1 Perform simple calculations CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 33 Definition of Terms Dosage the measured quantity of a medicine Equation a statement of equivalence in mathematical expressions Equivalent the same in number value or meaning Intravenous Injection a means of administering medicine or feeding a patient through injection Substernal situated below or behind the sternum or breastbone Vial a small closabl
49. edical caregiver including the medical assistant needs to be familiar with these rules dw IN A NUTSHELL e Children need special medication and require special care because of their size metabolism and other factors e Choose the best device for administering pediatric oral drugs e Be familiar with all the methods used in calculating pediatric doses Body Surface Area BSA Method Clark s Rule Young s Rule Fried s Rule CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 53 How Much Have You Learned Self Check 1 1 A ye I Directions Match the items in Column A with their descriptions in Column B Write the letter of your choice in the space provided for each item ss T Column A Column B dosage calculations a medication prepared for insertion into the rectum ratio b apart of a whole rectal drugs c Comparison of two numbers Body Surface Area BSA Method d used in writing fractions proportion e an equation stating that two ratios or two fractions are equal nomogram f missing or unknown value fraction g the middle numbers in two ratios Xin an equation h dosage per kilogram of body weight 9 colon i used to determine a child s BSA ____ 10 slash j used in writing ratios k conversion of the formulation ingredients and components of drugs ll Directions Convert the following as stated Write your answer on the space provided for each item 1 15ml _ t
50. eful as a cleaning agent 5 The cuff Sohygmomanometer should not be washed with water 6 All electric knife cords are detachable 7 Food tongs should be cleaned as soon as one is done using it 8 Use of aluminum foil and salt is useful in removing melted plastic on an iron s plate 9 Ironing board should not be folded down so that it is ready for use the next time a user irons clothes 10 Aneroid gauge should not be wiped CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 1 feo What Do You Need To Know Information Sheet 1 1 oe CARING FOR TOOLS EQUIPMENT AND PARAPHERNALIA In dealing with tools equipment and paraphernalia attention to details is the best means to prevent future problems from happening It is a must therefore that tools equipment and paraphernalia are properly cleaned and stored after usage In addition a maintenance schedule should be in place to make sure that they will operate efficiently As a future caregiver it will be to your advantage if you check them daily to help avoid jams leakages or breakdowns It is of course necessary that you follow the usage and maintenance instructions from the manufacturer It would be wise also to keep the same for future reference Now it is time for you to get going and walk your way through the following steps that you must carry out to ensure that your tools equipment and paraphernalia will work properly Cleaning an Airpot 1 In c
51. elihood Education 19 3 FALSE 4 FALSE 5 FALSE Test II 1 QULr gt wW 2 3 4 HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED LO1 Self check 1 1 TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE oe a 1 Self Check 1 2 RON 4 DBDMmMUrO LO2 Self Check 2 1 TEST FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE a i TEST Il 1 Elimination lf the hazard is a protruding nail stuck on the wall then this has to be removed 2 Substitution Use a milder cleaning solution instead of a strong one 3 Engineering control Provision of movable cabinets instead of fixed ones CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 20 4 Administrative control Beiter job rotation 5 EPP Use of gown mask and gloves Lesson 4 MAINTAIN TOOLS EQUIPMENT AND PARAPHERNALIA WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW LO1 Test 1 TRUE 2 TRUE 3 FALSE 4 TRUE 5 FALSE 6 FALSE 7 TRUE 8 TRUE 9 FALSE 10 FALSE HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED LO1 Self Check 1 1 CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 21 richuowledgement This Learning Module was developed for the Exploratory Courses in Technology and Livelihood Education Grades 7 and 8 of the K to 12 Curriculum with the assistance of the following persons This Learning Module on Caregiving was developed by the following personnel MODULE WRITER WINNIE LOPEZ CRUZ Teacher 1 City of Mandaluyong Science High School National Capital Region REVIEWERS GIL P CASUGA Chief TESD
52. ere are pleats iron from the bottom and work upward with fast strokes Each pleat should be pressed individually Hang each garment that you have ironed to keep it from wrinkling again 7 Unplug the iron and allow the unit to cool before storing it Washing Machine 1 The very first step in washing is sorting the clothes of your client Separate white and light colored from dark colored clothes Also they should be sorted according to their material Wash clothes with heavy fabrics together and clothes with light fabrics together 2 Put detergent into the washing machine Let the detergent go to the bottom of the washing machine 3 Put the clothes loosely into the washing machine 4 Load the laundry as high as the manufacturer specifies or to the top row of holes in the tub 5 Close the lid and choose the setting of the washing machine according to what you are washing 6 Turnonthe machine Let the unit work through all of the cycles Wait for the machine to turn off before you unload the washed laundry 7 Load the next batch of clothes and do steps 5 and 6 again until you are done with the laundry 8 Turn off and unplug the unit Common Equipment in Taking the Vital Signs When caring for an infant toddler child elderly or person with special needs measuring the vital signs is of utmost concern This is also a concern of your client Hence he she has the right to Know her vital signs This module will wal
53. fety unl edu haccp start physical html http www worksmartontario gov on ca scripts default asp contentID 2 6 1 amp mcategory health H2 http actrav itcilo org actrav english telearn osh hazard hamain htm CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 77 http www agius com hew resource ohsilo htm http www hse gov uk risk fivesteps htm http www hse gov uk risk fivesteps htm http www chepinc org public 640 pdf http www youtube com watch v ipfMiIANTqFE amp feature related http www youtube com watch v opN c hajY amp feature endscreen http www youtube com watch v qF XT skZfCWo amp feature related http www envisnioh org occupational hazards htm http www safetyresource org fire_safety fire_drills html http www ccohs ca oshanswers biol_ hazards http unionsafe labor net au hazards 10717236108849 html http unionsafe labor net au hazards 1071 722993761 8 html http unionsafe labor net au hazards 104787141324939 html http www youtube com watch v UWSPIHGiuFs amp feature related http www youtube com watch v nvidyOyv 0 http www safework sa gov au show_page jsp id 6421 http www safework sa gov au contentPages EducationAndTraining ActivitiesAndT ests Hunt TheHazards hunt htm http www safework sa gov au contentPages EducationAnd Training ActivitiesAndT ests Virtu alKitchen vkitchenframe htm http nj gov health peosh ergonomics shtml http www thefreedictionary com double bag http www thefreedict
54. forms Interpreting Oral Drug Labels For you to administer an oral drug safely you must make sure that it is the correct drug with the right dosage Therefore it is very vital that you would be able to read and interpret oral drug labels 1 Identify the Drug Name Know the difference between the brand name and generic name Verify the generic name first If the drug has two names the generic name usually appears in lowercase print and sometimes in parentheses The generic names are the active ingredients in the medicine Whether the brand name of generic name is used be very careful when reading the label to avoid errors Important Pay attention to the active or generic name since too much of an active ingredient can be harmful if you take more than one product with the same active ingredient without knowing it 2 See the Dosage Strength CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 45 After identifying the drug name look for the dose strength on the label Important Pay close attention to the labels of two same drugs which may look exactly alike aside from that of the dose strength One of them might indicate 125mg and the other one is 250mg Be keen in checking the dose strength because it forms part of the dosage calculation 3 Check the Expiration Date You also have to check the expiry date It is a vital information which is sometimes overlooked For best shelf life store all medications in a
55. g kg of her medicine How much mg should the patient receive a 487 5 mg b 4875 mg c 86 67 mg d 75mg Determine the weight of your patient in kilograms who weighs125 lbs a 65 8 kg b 68 5 kg c 58 6 kg d 56 8 kg How many milligrams of a medicine are in 3 tablets if 2 contain 10mg a omg b 10 mg c 15mg d 20mg Each nurse station at the hospital requires 8 nurses every shift schedule If there are 3 shifts in one day how many nurses are required to be at the hospital each shift if it has a total of 48 nurse stations a 1 152 nurses b 248 nurses c 1 248 nurses d 384 nurses CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 36 5 3 600 ml day is equal to a 150 ml hr or 2 5 ml min b 120 ml hr or 2 2 ml min c 120 ml hr or 2 0 ml min d 100 ml hr or 1 7 ml min Directions Convert the following as indicated 6 7 5m tsp 7 5in om 8 440lbs __ kg 9 25cc ml 10 Shr min feo What Do You Need To Know Read the Information Sheet 1 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self check 1 1 Information Sheet 1 1 gt CALCULATIONS THAT COUNT A glance at numerical relationships Ratios fractions and proportions describe relationships between numbers Ratio is a quick way to compare numbers It uses a colon between the numbers in relationship EX 3 5 8 12 4 7 Fraction as we all know is a part of a whole or a portion of a certa
56. hat raises water temperature to a sufficient level to kill off any bacteria 212 degrees Fahrenheit Once this cycle ends the unit automatically begins to cool Some models or units will not allow you to open the cover until the cooling cycle is completed 4 Unplug the unit 5 Remove the feeding bottles from the sterilizer 6 Clean the sterilizer based on the manufacturer s specifications Common Equipment in Cleaning Laundry and Ironing Flat Iron 1 Check the label of every garment before ironing This is necessary as some fabrics need special care instructions 2 Unfold your ironing board near the outlet Plug in your iron and choose the appropriate setting based on the material of the clothes you are ironing 3 Preheating the flat iron should be done before starting You will have to wait about 2 5 minutes to let the iron warm up 4 Stretch the garment across the ironing board to make sure it is flat 5 Run the iron over one part of the garment such as the hem just to be sure that it is not too hot 6 Move the iron over the pants blouse or shirt and take note of pleats and pockets For the shirts start with the collar next to the sleeves and then the shirt itself For pants and shorts start with the inside then the outside of the pants starting from the waistband CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 22 down Generally skirts and dresses are ironed from the top to the hem If th
57. hernalia being used that facilitate the task Adjustable height work stations improved tool design and adjusted work pace are now part of a worker s life Unfortunately ergonomic hazard effects continue to happen Why At times the workers themselves invite these hazards due to the wrong way they do their tasks Conscious or not they have to examine their work routine and consider these simple rules Avoid twisting the body Bend knees if it is needed Avoid too much stretching when reaching for something Use a ladder when reaching for hard to reach materials or objects Ask for help from someone if the task cannot be done by one person dw IN A NUTSHELL CAREGIVERS ACCOUNTABILITY A caregiver has to have a sense of duty for her own health and safety at work He She has the responsibility therefore to follow safety instructions in the workplace In addition he she has to use tools equipment and paraphernalia with care When hazards or injuries happen the caregiver must report the same to the person in charge or directly to the immediate supervisor Although a health worker s concern primarily focuses on his her safety he she has to take all reasonable care not to put other people at risk After all a caregiver gives care not only to the client but also to co workers supervisors and the people within the working environment CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 74 How Much Have You Learned
58. hnology and Livelihood Education 25 3 Inform the client that you are going to take his temperature orally 4 Ask the client to wet his her lips and pick up his tongue 5 Place the thermometer under the clients tongue on one side of his her mouth Ask him her to close his her lips You may have to hold the thermometer specially if your client is sick and weak enough to even hold the thermometer with his her lips 6 Leave the thermometer in place until the thermometer signals it is finished When it beeps it signifies that it can be removed 7 Remove the thermometer carefully and read the temperature on the digital display Clean the tip of the thermometer with a cotton ball soaked in alcohol Put the thermometer s tip cover Place the thermometer in its container 8 Record the reading and wash your hands Using a Digital Thermometer armpit 1 Wash your hands and take the thermometer from its holder 2 Clean the probe pointed end of the thermometer with rubbing alcohol or soap and then rinse it in cool water 3 Inform the client that you are going to take his temperature under the armpit 4 Place the thermometer under the client s armpit You may have to hold the thermometer specially if your client is very sick and weak that he she cannot even hold the thermometer with his her armpit 5 Leave the thermometer in place until the thermometer signals it is finished When the thermometer beeps it means that it can be rem
59. hould not soak in water but be gently wiped down first thing to preserve them Operating Lever Spur Gear Motor BASE OR MOTOR Using a damp cloth wipe down the base motor area Do not submerge this in water Of course you should not pour water over the base motor unit If you encounter stubborn stains wipe it with a clean cloth using mild dish soap or a baking soda paste may be able to lift out the stain Dry the pieces of the processor completely Put it back together and store If you use your food processor on a regular basis store it on a countertop or in another accessible location It is important that you wipe the countertop where the food processor is placed Protect the food processor with a fabric cover Cleaning and storing food tongs 1 Wash food tongs as soon as you are finished using it to prevent food particles from Sticking to it Wipe it dry with a clean cloth Since you will frequently use food tongs store it inside a kitchen cabinet drawer CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education Cleaning and storing microwave oven Unplug the microwave oven 2 In a microwave safe bowl mix cup of water and 12 cup of vinegar white vinegar apple cider or any type of vinegar will do Put the bowl inside the oven and cook on high for about 2 minutes The mixture of water and vinegar will aid in removing dirt and foul odors from the inside of the oven Remove the bowl f
60. id or solid to be drawn into an interior space or to stick on to a surface because of the difference between the external and internal pressures Toddlers individuals with age ranging from 1 3 years old Tubing also called acoustic tubes which connect two ear tubes to the chestpiece diaphragm or bell Valve allows air in to inflate the cuff when the bulb is squeezed then can be unscrewed to release the air and remove the cuff Vessel is a hollow container used to hold liquid Whip is the process of striking something with continual repetitive strokes CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 5 LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Identify caregiving tools equipment and paraphernalia applicable to the specific job PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 1 Equipment tools and paraphernalia are identified according to their types functions and classifications 2 Equipment tools and paraphernalia are determined based on the specified task ei Materials a s SS e LCD projector or OHP e Computer desktop or laptop e Pictures of tools equipment and paraphernalia CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 6 feo What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about the tools equipment and paraphernalia used in caregiving Take this test Pretest LO 1 ye I Directions Match the pictures in Column A with the descriptions in Column B Write the letter
61. in number It uses a slash between numbers in the relationship Ex 2 3 4 5 6 8 m H A proportion is an equation written in the form bo g stating that two ratios are equivalent For instance to show that 3 6 is equal to 9 18 we would write 3 6 9 18 or 3 6 9 18 2 3 4 6 or 2 3 4 6 5 8 10 16 or 5 8 10 16 CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 37 Major problem solvers For dosages computation we use ratios fractions and proportions most of the time We will be using them in calculating V infusion rates administering medication converting weights between systems of measurement and in performing many other related tasks RATIOS AND FRACTIONS Ratios and fractions are numerical ways to compare anything We can t simply ignore them We use them every day whether we realize it or not Bring it on Do the comparison If 1 pad has 20 tablets then the number of pads compared to the number of tablets is 1 to 20 In ratio it is written as 1 20 In fraction it is written as 1 20 Want more Just go on lf there are 5 nurses for every 35 patients in a hospital what would be the ratio What would be the fraction In ratio it is written as 5 35 In fraction it is written as 5 35 or 1 7 MATH TIP The terms of a ratio are the numerator always to the left of the colon and the denominator always to the right of the colon of a fraction Like fractions ratios should always be in lowest term
62. ing it CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 18 4 The kind of temperature when the thermometer is placed under the armpit oral temperature rectal temperature axillary temperature none of the above aT 5 These should be checked before ironing as some fabrics need special care instructions labels of the garments to be ironed pleats and pockets of skirts collars and sleeves of shirts pants waistbands aT feo What Do You Need To Know Read the Information Sheet 2 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self check 2 1 Information Sheet 2 1 L Operating Caregiving Equipment Tools and Paraphernalia Now that you have successfully identified the different equipment tools and paraphernalia used in providing health care it is a must that you master the proper utilization of each As an efficient and dependable caregiver you must learn the procedures in operating them since you will be expected to use them in your particular job Common Equipment in Meal Preparation Blender 1 Choose a flat dry surface on which to operate your blender 2 Make sure that all the parts are placed in their appropriate places before operating 3 Put the pitcher onto the base and plug the blender _ oe 4 Place the ingredients in the pitcher and put the lid on firmly CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 19 5 Start oper
63. ionary com LO2 Elana D Zucker The Caregivers Resourcebook 6 Edition Pearson Education South Asia PTE LTD 2009 National League of Philippine Government Nurses Inc Public Health Nursing in the Philippines 10 Edition National League of Philippine Government Nurses Inc Mildred O Hogstel and Linda Cox Curry Practical Guide to Health Assessment Through the Life Span 3 Edition F A Davs Company 2001 Assessment Technologies Institute Fundamentals of Nursing Practice 2004 Making Your Illness Injury Program Work UCLA LOSH Program 1001 Gayley Avenue Los Angeles Cal U S A Online Resources http www scribd com doc 12040887 DOLE Occupational Safety and Health Standards http foodsafety unl edu haccp start physical htm http www worksmartontario gov on ca scripts default asp content ID 2 6 1 amp mcategory health H2 http actrav itcilo org actrav english telearn osh hazard hamain htm http www agius com hew resource ohsilo htm http www hse gov uk risk fivesteps htm http www hse gov uk risk fivesteps htm http www chepinc org public 640 pdf http www youtube com watch v ipfMiIAN TqFE amp feature related http www youtube com watch v opN c hajY amp feature endscreen http www youtube com watch v qF XT skZfCWo feature related http www envisnioh org occupational hazards htm http www safetyresource org fire_safety fire_drills html http www ccohs ca oshanswers biol_ hazards CAREGIVING K to 12 Techno
64. k you through the basics of taking two of the important measurements As you learn the different processes you will also get your hands on the crucial pointers necessary in obtaining an accurate reading But first let us talk about vital signs Vital signs are bodily functions that reflect the body s state of health and are easily measurable body temperature pulse rate respiratory rate and blood pressure In some cases the fifth vital sign is considered to be the pain that a person experiences CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 23 Thermometer Body temperature is a measurement of the amount of heat in the body The balance between heat produced and heat lost is the body temperature The normal adult body temperature is 37 degrees Celsius There is a normal range in which a person s body temperature may vary and still be considered normal Take a look at these normal ranges of body temperature Oral 36 4 to 37 2 degrees Celsius Rectal 37 to 37 8 degrees Celsius Axillary 35 9 to 36 7 degrees Celsius The following are the different types of thermometers Clinical thermometer may be inserted either into the rectum through the anus rectal temperature into the mouth under the tongue oral or sub lingual or armpit axillary temperature It is made of glass with a narrowing above the bulb so that the mercury column stays in position even when the instrument is removed The use of this type is now being era
65. le 460159 http en wikipedia org http www yourdictionary com http www healthline com galecontent rectal medication administration http www pork org filelibrary youthpqaplus 6grp pdf http www enotes com rectal medication administration reference rectal medication administration http www pharmacy tech study com dosecalculation htm http armymedical topub com md0913 md09130032 htm http www mapharm com med_calc_pedi htm CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 58 Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this Lesson you are expected to do the following LO 1 Identify hazards and risks LO 2 Evaluate and control hazards and risks CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 59 Definition of Terms Assess to determine the value or extent of something Contaminate to make unclean through contact Crucial significant to the solution of a problem Discard to put away or throw away Double bagged a technique of putting contaminated items things in a plastic bag and then placing the closed bag into another plastic bag Fuse a device used for protecting an electric circuit Potential capable of growth development and coming into being Respirator an instrument that supplies oxygen for breathing CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 60 LEARNING OUTCOME 1
66. leaning any electrical device it is basic to always turn it off and unplug If you don t have an electric airpot with a power button continue with the rest of the process 2 Take the container to a sink and open the lid If there SPOUT is any remaining liquid inside pour out and set aside the pot to let it cool 3 Rinse the inner lining with hot water Clean the inside with a sponge head bottle cleaner to remove any loose deposits and then rinse again DISPENSER 4 Put hot water and two to three drops of mild dish detergent to the dispenser Wait for about 8 10 minutes and then clean the inside with a sponge head cleaner Wash the dispenser with water making sure to remove all detergent residues 5 Put hot water and 2 tosp of vinegar inside the airpot to descale at least once a month Let the solution stay in the airpot for 1 hour If mineral deposits are seen descaling may be done right away 6 You may now close the lid and dispense some of the solution out of the spout to clean it also This will clear any buildup in it Open the lid Clean the interior again with a sponge head cleaner Pour the water out and wash the interior again with water CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 2 7 Put clean hot water into the airpot close the lid and dispense the water out the spout This will rinse the spout of the traces of vinegar Open the lid and pour out remaining waiter 8 You now have to wipe the
67. lems Examples of ergonomic hazards that a caregiver may be exposed to performing tasks that require lifting heavy loads too much bending and reaching standing for long periods of time holding body parts for long period of time awkward movements especially if they are repetitive e repeating the same movements over and over Some of the Effects of Ergonomic Hazards e pain in the shoulders back injury too much impact on wrist and hands numbness in some parts of the body muscle cramps Chemical hazards are present when a worker is exposed to any chemical preparation in the workplace in any form solid liquid or gas There may be chemicals which are safe but some caregivers who are sensitive to solutions may cause skin irritation illness or breathing problems CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 64 Examples of chemical hazards that a caregiver may be exposed to e liquids like cleaning products e disinfecting solutions Effects of Chemical Hazards e Lung diseases e Difficulty in breathing e Allergy Psychological Hazards take place when a caregiver s work environment becomes stressful or demanding Examples of psychological hazards that a caregiver may be exposed to Burn out fatigue and on call duty Unreasonable expectations from patients or clients Verbal abuse form dissatisfied clients Unreasonable expectations from supervisors and management Some of the Effects of P
68. lid and exterior of the dispenser with a slightly damp lint free cloth and then wipe it dry with a cloth If you notice stains in the exterior add one or two drops of mild detergent to the cloth and wipe the exterior Rinse with another cloth and then wipe dry 9 It is important that you wipe the countertop where the airpot is placed Cleaning a blender 1 Clean the funnel and blender lid with liquid soap and water Rinse well with water and use a clean towel to dry them 2 Put about 34 hot water into the blender jar and squirt a small amount of dish soap about 12 teaspoon You might want to add a tablespoon of baking soda to the water also to remove odor and stains This will also aid in loosening tough food il particles re gt Funnel Lid Body or jar Gasketand coupling Blade assembly Main body or base 3 Turn on the blender and let it run at high speed for about 20 seconds Doing this works well to get the blender clean 4 If there are really sticky and dried messes in your blender repeat the second and third steps a few times until the mess is dissolved 5 You need to rinse well the jar with hot water and towel dry carefully or you may turn it upside down on a clean dry towel or dish strainer to air dry 6 If your blade assembly is removable remove it and rinse it with hot water Wipe it dry with a clean towel Make sure that it is completely dry Of course you have to be ve
69. logy and Livelihood Education 78 http unionsafe labor net au hazards 10717236108849 html http unionsafe labor net au hazards 1071 722993761 8 html http unionsafe labor net au hazards 104787141324939 html http www youtube com watch v UWSPIHGiuFs amp feature related http www youtube com watch v nvidyOyv 0 http www safework sa gov au show_page jsp id 6421 http www safework sa gov au contentPages EducationAndTraining ActivitiesAndT ests Hunt TheHazards hunt htm http www safework sa gov au contentPages EducationAndTraining ActivitiesAndT ests Virtu alKitchen vkitchenframe htm http nj gov health peosh ergonomics shtml http oooks google com ph books id tOR3DtD U3MC amp pg PA63 amp log PA63 amp dq PPE for caregivers amp source bl amp ots 7c pJdjrpl amp sig fKfRIHDH2z0VoXyz60Z3YrKsZ1l amp hl en amp sa X amp el GjFOT8PgDamwiQex1 B1i amp redir_esc y v onepage amp aq amp f false http kidshealth org parent general sick hand_washing html http nj gov health peosh ergonomics shtml http www thefreedictionary com double bag http www thefreedictionary com CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 79 Maintain Tools Equipment and Paraphernalia Sphygmomanometer Aneroid Cuff Release Valve Hand Bulb Aneroid Gauge LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this Lesson you are expected to LO 1 Perform aftercare activities for tools equipment and paraphernalia CAREGIVING K to 12
70. mp feature related 1 What is the video all about 2 Have you seen any hazard or risk in the video What are these 3 Do you believe the caregiver handled her task well as seen in the video Defend your answer B htto www youtube com watch v nvidyOyv 0 1 What does the video tell about the potential threats of chemotherapy drugs to health care workers 2 What will be the role of a caregiver or a health care worker in this type of possible hazard How Do You Extend Your Learning Find out by accomplishing the Assignment sheet below Assignment sheet 1 1 Directions Walk around your house and list down 10 possible hazards and risks that you may find Explain why these things that you have identified or listed pose danger to the members of your family Follow the format given Possible hazard risk Reason s why it poses danger to me and my family CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 68 LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Evaluate and control hazards and risks PERFORMANCE STANDARDS l OHS procedures for controlling hazards and risk are strictly followed Procedures in dealing with workplace accidents fire and emergencies are followed in accordance with the organization s OHS policies 3 Personal protective equipment PPE is correctly used in accordance with organization s OHS procedures and practices Procedures in providing appropriate assistance in the event of workplace emergencies are ide
71. n equipment tools or paraphernalia CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 30 Congratulations You did a great job Rest and relax a while then move on to the next lesson Good luck REFERENCES LO1 Elana D Zucker The Caregiver s Resourcebook 6 Edition Pearson Education South Asia PTE LTD 2009 National League of Philippine Government Nurses Inc Public Health Nursing in the Philippines 10 Edition National League of Philippine Government Nurses Inc Online Resources http Awww ehow com how_ 7719401 clean air pot html http www aptkitchen com kitchen accessories articles electric knife cleaning php http nome howstuttworks com how to repair small appliances6 htm http nowtoeasy blogspot com 2010 01 clean your microwave oven with vinegar html http navyadministration toub com 14163 css 14163_ 78 htm http Awww goodhousekeeping com home heloise heloise spring cleaning dishwasher rime http nousekeeping about com od laundry ht ironcleaning htm http blog lydiasuniforms com blog uniforms and scrubs qanda caring for your stethoscope http Awww geratherm com wp content uploads 201 1 03 user manual Geratherm clinic pdf http www healthaidindia com digital thermometers maintenance of digital thermometers html http Awww dableducational org pdfs spring07 Chapter4 Measurement of blood pressur e Part2 paf http www sooperarticles com health fi
72. ng alcohol or soap and then rinse it in cool water 3 Puta probe cover over the pointed end of the thermometer If your thermometer did not come with a probe cover then you can use it without one 4 Lubricate the end of the probe with a small amount of lubricating jelly 5 Place your child taking the temperature through the rectum is usually done on children on his stomach across a firm surface or your lap before taking his temperature 6 Gently slide the probe of the thermometer into the rectum about a half inch Stop inserting the thermometer if it becomes difficult to insert Never force the thermometer into the rectum 7 Continue to hold the thermometer the entire time you are taking the temperature Always stay with your client while taking the temperature 8 Keep the thermometer in place until it beeps then remove the thermometer 9 Read the numbers on the LCD These numbers are your client s temperature 11 If you used a probe cover remove it and throw it away 12 Wash the probe of the thermometer with soap water and rubbing alcohol when you are done Put the thermometer s tip cover Place the thermometer in its holder container 13 Record the reading 14 Wash your hands Using a Digital Thermometer mouth 1 Wash your hands and take the thermometer from its holder 2 Clean the probe pointed end of the thermometer with rubbing alcohol or soap and then rinse it in cool water CAREGIVING K to 12 Tec
73. ng the hazards and risks is crucial in making a decision on the mode of control to be used CONTROL HAZARDS AND RISKS It is possible that workplace hazards can be controlled by a variety of methods Of course the very reason why hazards should be controlled is to prevent workers from being exposed to occupational hazards Hazard control comes in different processes But one method may be more effective than the others When we speak of controlling hazards and risks it means settling on the measure that will solve the trouble most successfully There are five major categories of control measures elimination substitution engineering controls administrative controls and personal protective equipment 1 Eliminating a hazard means removing it completely 2 Substitution is replacing or substituting a hazardous agent or work process with a less dangerous one CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 71 a An engineering control may mean changing a piece of machinery for example using proper machine guards or a work process to reduce exposure to a hazard An administrative control may mean working a limited number of hours in a hazardous area is an example of an administrative control for example job rotation Personal Protective Equipment includes ear and eye protection respirators and protective clothing Obviously the best method of controlling hazards and risks is through elimination That is to take
74. not available apron should be worn to mask clothing during client contact e Masks should fit comfortably over the nose and mouth The same with a gown or apron a wet mask is considered contaminated The front of the mask is also contaminated Masks should not be worn around the neck For each client contact a clean mask should be used e Gloves should be used when issue on contamination is present Also when a caregiver has open wound on the hands it is a must that he she use gloves The outside of the gloves should not be touched when removed as this is considered contaminated CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 72 Surgical Apron Medical Mask CAES TEES j e A AEN O A aer ee i EE N 5 B a f Gloves eh O d p L J S m 4 Y Disposal of Health Care Wastes In order to reduce the burden of disease health care wastes should be managed appropriately Whether a caregiver is working in a hospital a day care or even at home proper discarding of medical wastes should be of great consideration Human waste products Obviously these wastes should be flushed down the toilet without delay and should not be discarded in the street or in any public places Blood and bloody fluids These must be removed right away It is best if they can be directly flushed down the toilet If clothes are contaminated they should be washed separately using hot water and should be dried Dressings
75. nt caregiving equipment tools or paraphernalia found in this puzzle Encircle the word words vertically horizontally backward upward or downward A Pia jolwie MIA w T M klas WIG IN iJ Z A KIL J H_ 5 N E JI YU a HY UlT TRIE 1B ll Directions Identify the tool equipment or paraphernalia used in the given specific tasks For sorting clean clothes For sweeping dirt on the floor For measuring blood pressure For removing dirt from the surface of a television For scooping dust on the floor a oe CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 14 lll Directions Group the following tools equipment and paraphernalia according to their classifications Write each word in the appropriate box Dryer Electric knife lron Sphygmomanometer Food Processor Ladle lroning board Stethoscope Thermometer Used for meal preparation Used for cleaning laundry Used for taking vital signs and ironing Refer to the Answer Key What is your score ay How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Show that you learned something by doing this activity i Directions Compile pictures of the different caregiving equipment tools and paraphernalia Make a handbook that will be useful for a future caregiver like you Provide a summary which presents the equipment tools and paraphernalia according to its classification use and function A sample guide is provided for you Classification Use
76. ntified in line with the established organizational protocol 4 Procedures in providing appropriate assistance in the event of workplace emeraencies are identified in line with the established organizational protocol L Materials Dg Se LCD projector or OHP Computer desktop or laptop DVD player PPE Personal Protective Equipment Surgical apron Surgical gown Medical mask Gloves e Paper towel CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 69 What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about evaluating and controlling hazards and risks Take this test Pretest LO 2 ye Directions Write True if the statement is correct or False if it is incorrect Human wastes should be discarded in the street Every time a risk assessment is done details should be recorded Engineering control is the best control measure for hazards and risks ma pa NS Appliances may be turned on at the same time to save time and effort on the part of the caregiver oe A wet mask is not considered contaminated ll Directions Match the picture in Column A with that of the description in Column B Write the letter of your choice in the space provided in each item Column A Column B A It protects a caregiver s clothing from contamination B It is used to protect the hands from contamination C This may be used when gown is not available D It is used to av
77. o 60 ml x 2 bottles 1 bottle x X 120 ml 1 xX or X 120 ml Therefore the 2 bottles contain 20ml of medicine Step 4 Double check your work by completing the equation using ratios in proportion 1 bottle 60 ml 2 bottles 120 ml Example 2 How many mg of a drug are in 4 capsules if 3 capsules contain 1500 mg Equation 3 capsules 1500 mg 4 capsules X Solution 1500 mg x 4 capsules 3 capsules x X 6000 mg 3 X X 6000 mg 3 X 2000 mg Complete Equation 3 capsules 1500 mg 4 capsules 2000 mg CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 47 GD in A nurse e Always read the drug labels carefully e Identify the difference between the brand and generic name e Paying close attention to the dosage strength is very vital in calculating the dosage for oral drugs e Expiry date is an important information as well in interpreting the drug labels A GLANCE AT RECTAL DRUGS Rectal drugs are medications prepared specifically for insertion into the rectum They could be in the form of cream lotion or ointment Administering the drugs rectally is best for patients who cannot take drugs orally Rectal drugs include enemas and suppositories Interpret Rectal Drug Labels As we administer medicines to our patients it is vital to read drug labels at all times Paying close attention to the drug labels helps us calculate the dosage we will give to our patients identify the drug name
78. o do these but with concern for the people and environment where one works for doing them seem to be motivating As a future caregiver you should be aware that this job entails dependability on your part It is your duty to ensure that all tools equipment and paraphernalia are cleaned and stored properly In addition it is your task to observe a maintenance schedule for these This involves doing the preservation yourself by using the equipment as it should be Of course part of this important job is to call and arrange for a repair service not only when needed but when the timetable is set Maintaining tools equipment and paraphernalia becomes worthy of note because of the satisfaction a caregiver feels when he she realizes the valuable benefits of the responsibility CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 9 How Much Have You Learned Directions Solve the crossword puzzle Use the given clues to arrive at the right answer k E B py AA Across Down 2 remove hard deposits in water 1 very useful in wiping most tools and 5 to place under water equipment 8 a type of vinegar used for cleaning than for 3 part of an electric knife which should food be lubricated 9 part of a blender which may be plastic or 4 harsh or hurtful in nature steel 6 used to protect devices specially from 10 athing that gives out something dust 7 receptacle for storing fluid Refer to the Answer Key What
79. oid droplets of saliva from reaching other people CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 70 feo What Do You Need To Know Read the Information Sheet 2 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self check 2 1 Information Sheet 2 1 EVALUATING AND CONTROLLING HAZARDS AND RISKS Once you recognize a hazard in the workplace then you can proceed with risk assessment that is focusing on the risks that really matter in the workplace Evaluating hazards and risks is the process of determining the level of risk created by the hazard and the likelihood of injury or illness occurring Most of the time simple measures can be done with no trouble to control risks An example of this is making sure that cabinet drawers are kept closed so that people do not trip Needless to say the concern for control increases as the recognized level of risk increases A person identifying the risk of harm or injury from a hazard in a nursing home or day care should consider these questions e how likely it is that a hazard will cause harm e how serious that harm is likely to be e how often and how many workers are exposed It is a must that you have a record of every risk assessment done If a certain accident or damage happens again it might be that you will trace back the original records to check if the assessment overlooked a potential hazard Assessing or evaluati
80. on 13 ANSWER KEYS Lesson 1 USE TOOLS EQUIPMENT AND PARAPHERNALIA WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW LO1 Pretest 1 1 Test ote a T umor Test Il Dishwasher Iron Microwave oven Blender Hanger Aa o LO2 Pretest 2 1 Test 1 TRUE 2 FALSE 3 TRUE 4 TRUE 5 FALSE CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 14 HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED LO1 I Search for the ten 10 different caregiving equipment tools or paraphernalia found in this puzzle 1 Dish Washer Sphygmomanometer lroning board Food tongs Sterilizer Blender Dryer Stethoscope Thermometer 0 Duster ae Se ee BiNtwrutt fotole fk its itey ott tale Tr T FH J G K 1 U O P R E T S U D BIN K L POHL EACE AAC RETRE HOA TIK QE RT YU LOP PPE H HIPis a G I S D G H_ RJ F U L Q ajs SJD WIS TT ISH cle v Bb J K F N K ETV CLV ce N G S V EJL EJT MIN ZX W FG RALI L K SEE ALI G G V F U F_ FM CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 15 ll Identify the tool equipment or paraphernalia used in the given specific tasks 1 Sorting basket 2 Broom 3 Sphygmomanometer 4 Duster 5 Dustpan Ill Group the following tools equipment and paraphernalia according to their classifications Write each word in the appropriate box Used for meal preparation Used for cleaning Used for taking vital signs laundry and ironing Electric knife Sphygmomanometer
81. ount of liquid full bottle the child will not get the entire dose if he is unable to finish the liquid Important Do not mix crushed tablet with breast milk and infant formula because it may lead to feeding refusal in the future Devices Used in Giving Out Pediatric Oral Drugs e cup can be used by bigger children e dropper usually used for infants e syringe usually used for infants e hollow handle spoon usually used for toddlers Safety Key Points in Giving Medications to Children e Check the child s mouth to ensure that he has swallowed the oral drugs e Carefully mix oral drugs that come in suspension form Tips in Calculating Safe Pediatric Drug Dosages e Use a calculator in solving equations e Ask advice from a formulary or consult a drug handbook to verify a drug dose If still in doubt call a pharmacist e Keep a record of your patient s weight in kilograms so you do not have to estimate it or weigh him all the time Methods Used in Calculating Pediatric Doses 1 Body Surface Area BSA Method also called the dosage per kilogram of body weight method considered to be the most accurate and safest method in calculating pediatric doses 2 Clark s Rule uses child s weight to calculate approximate dosage 3 Young s Rule normally used for children who are two years of age or more 4 Fried s Rule normally used for children who are two years of age or less CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood
82. oved 6 Remove the thermometer carefully and read the temperature on the digital display Clean the tip of the thermometer with a cotton ball soaked in alcohol Put the thermometer s tip cover Place the thermometer in its container 7 Record the reading and wash your hands BP Apparatus Another important measurement that you should learn to take is the blood pressure Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels The heart contracts as it pumps the blood into the arteries When the heart is contracting the pressure is highest This pressure is what we know as the systolic pressure Now as the heart relaxes between each contraction the pressure decreases When the heart is at its most relaxed state the pressure is lowest And we call this diastolic pressure The following steps will help you measure blood pressure accurately CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 26 Tubing ee i 10 11 12 13 14 Chest Piece CY MERCURY GAUGE ANEROID GAUGE Ear Piece RELEASE VALUE SCREW Wash your hands and prepare the equipment you will use Introduce yourself and let the patient client know the procedure to be done Sanitize the earpieces of the stethoscope with an antiseptic pad Ask your client to rest quietly Have him her lie down or sit on a chair whichever is more comfortable for him her lf you are using a mercurial apparatus
83. particularly the caregivers for the delivery of safe efficient and responsive service It is therefore the responsibility of the management to ensure a safe and healthy work environment Every caregiver on the other hand should also take part in determining the hazards and risks in the workplace in the attainment of a conducive organizational climate within the nursing home or day care he she is working for How Much Have You Learned Self Check 1 1 A yee Directions Write True if the statement is correct or False if it is incorrect 1 Occupational hazards and risks can be prevented 2 Hazard is the possibility that somebody could be harmed by these and other hazards and the indication of how serious the harm can be 3 Performing repeated movements in the workplace are an example of biological hazard 4 Occupational health and safety is the promotion of health and safety of every working man 5 Every caregiver should take part in determining the hazards and risks in the workplace CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 66 Self Check 1 1 B i I Directions Match the word in Column A with that of the description in Column B Write the letter of your choice in the space provided in each item Column A Column B Biological hazard A Itis anything that may cause harm to an individual Hazard B The type of hazard that is usually the easiest to spot Risk C It comes from working with infe
84. ransfer the microwaved food to the other heat source immediately Never partially cook food and siore it for later use Use a food thermometer or the oven s temperature probe to verify the food has reached a safe minimum internal temperature Cooking times may vary because ovens vary in power and efficiency Always allow standing time which completes the cooking before checking the internal temperature with a food thermometer Microwave Defrosting Remove food from the package before defrosting Do not use foam trays and plastic wraps because they are not heat stable at high temperatures Melting or warping may cause harmful chemicals to migrate into food Immediately after defrosting meat and poultry in microwave oven they should be cooked since some areas of the frozen food may begin to cook during the defrosting time CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 21 Bottle Sterilizer 1 Place the recommended amount of water as specified in the manufacturers instructional manual Then plug in the unit 2 Place the bottle upside down use the prongs to gt lt support them individually Place the nipples Laa nipple rings and caps in such a way that they l areir do not touch each other Either prop them AVE between the lower prongs or place them on the p renr dD supplied surface 3 Cover the sterilizer and turn on the unit Sterilization typically takes about 10 minutes with an automatic cycle t
85. rnalia 4 tools equipment and paraphernalia 3 tools equipment and paraphernalia ACCURACY 100 SCORING CRITERIA 0 7 Demonstrated the proper way of cleaning caring for and storing of 5 2 tools equipment and paraphernalia Demonstrated the proper way of cleaning caring for and storing of 3 1 tools equipment and paraphernalia Failed to demonstrate the proper way of cleaning caring for and storing of any tool equipment and paraphernalia CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 11 Activity Sheet 1 3 ye Directions Take your own pictures showing the different processes in cleaning caring for and storing caregiving tools equipment and paraphernalia Then make a portfolio out of these picture compilations coupled with notations explaining each picture taken Choose only three 3 tools equipment or paraphernalia available in your house D How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely Remember it is your learning at stake ACCURACY 100 5 tools equipment and paraphernalia 4 tools equipment and paraphernalia Lette i al 3 tools equipment and paraphernalia Foinsecettaahegs eT 2 tools equipment and paraphernalia fetta ial 1 tools equipment and paraphernalia Failed to demonstrate the proper way of cleaning caring for and pe storing of any tool equipment and paraphernalia Congratulations You did a great job Rest and relax a while then move on to
86. rom the oven As you open the oven be very careful because steam will be coming out Also the bowl will be most likely very hot Remove the splattered grease and food inside the oven using a sponge Wipe the outside of the oven with water and mild detergent Wipe the oven dry with a clean cloth It is important that you wipe the countertop where the oven is placed Protect the oven with a fabric cover ad O te dae ee Cleaning an iron 1 Clean inside of the iron for steam iron If your iron automatically descales water using a replaceable filter you just have to make sure to replace your filter on the recommended schedule Some irons may need to be descaled manually Mix one part of water and one part of vinegar and pour into the water chamber of the iron The iron will steam out this solution Then repeat the process this time with plain water 2 Clean non coated sole plates Use baking soda or metal polish cleaner to clean the sole plate Use extra fine steel wool for plates that need extra help However this should only be done as a last resort 3 Clean non stick sole plates Use clean soft cloth warm water and mild detergent for non stick coated irons For non stick coated irons clean with a soft cloth warm water and mild detergent Always wait until your iron is completely cool and unplugged before cleaning it Never use an abrasive cleaner because it will wear away the coating on your iron Do not panic when a plasti
87. rrectly Failed to perform 1 step but demonstrated the rest correctly Failed to perform any of the steps in hand washing correct CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 76 W How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely Remember it is your learning at stake ACCURACY 100 STUDENT S SCORE Demonstrated all the steps correctly Failed to perform 4 steps but demonstrated the rest correct Failed to perform 3 steps but demonstrated the rest correct Failed to perform 2 steps but demonstrated the rest correctly Failed to perform 1 step but demonstrated the rest correctl Failed to perform any of the steps in hand washing correctly Congratulations You did a great job Rest and relax a while then move on to the next gt lesson Good luck REFERENCES LO1 Elana D Zucker The Caregivers Resourcebook 6 Edition Pearson Education South Asia PTE LTD 2009 National League of Philippine Government Nurses Inc Public Health Nursing in the Philippines 10 Edition National League of Philippine Government Nurses Inc Mildred O Hogstel and Linda Cox Curry Practical Guide to Health Assessment Through the Life Span 3 Edition F A Davs Company 2001 Assessment Technologies Institute Fundamentals of Nursing Practice 2004 Online Resources http www scribd com doc 12040887 DOLE Occupational Safety and Health Standards http foodsa
88. ry careful when doing this so that you will not cut yourself while drying the blades 7 Remove the dirt of a steel base blender with glass cleaner or a mixture of half vinegar and half water placed in a spray bottle All you have to do is spray it on and wipe with a soft cloth 8 If your blender base is plastic you can use a damp soapy rag or an all purpose kitchen spray cleaner or a mixture of baking soda and water 9 It is acceptable to use a damp rag to wipe the electric cord also But you have to be sure to unplug the base first In addition be sure not to get the electric plug wet 10 It is important that you wipe the countertop where the blender is placed 11 Protect the blender with a fabric cover CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 3 Cleaning a coffee maker L D a KR wo NL co N Make a mixture of one part white vinegar and two parts water The amount of mixture depends on the size of the coffee pot Put the mixture into the reservoir of coffee maker Turn on the coffee maker and let the vinegar water mixture cycle through This time turn off the coffee maker and let the pot cool for 15 to 20 minutes Pour the solution into the sink and rinse the pot Perform two cycles with the coffee maker with cold water Doing this will wash away the vinegar water solution out of the coffee maker It is important that you wipe the countertop where the coffee maker is placed Protect the coffee
89. s in containers like feeding bottle through boiling Broom A broom is a tool which is used for sweeping dirt It consists of twigs and bristles bound together and attached to a handle Clothes Hanger A hanger resembles the shape of a person s shoulders and is used to hang garments on CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 10 Dishwasher A dishwasher is a mechanical device for cleaning dishes eating utensils and pots Dryer A dryer is a machine or apparatus that removes moisture through ventilation or heat Dustpan A dustpan is a handled pan or scoop into which dust is swept Duster A duster is a cloth or brush which is used in removing dirt and dust Flat Iron A clothes iron is an electric appliance which is used along with an ironing board to iron or press clothing fabric or draperies lroning Board An ironing board is a long narrow padded board often with collapsible supporting legs used as a working surface for ironing CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 11 Laundry Sorting Basket A laundry basket is a hamper that is used for holding dirty clothes for washing or wet clothes for drying It may also be used for sorting clean clothes to be folded Vacuum Cleaner A vacuum cleaner is an electrical appliance which is used for cleaning floors carpets and furniture by suction Washing Machine A washing machine is an electric appliance which is used
90. something by doing this activity fete Spare Directions Watch the following videos by following the links provided Work with a partner and answer the questions that follow Video No 1 What is the video all about What are the three most important steps you have seen in the video Explain your answer Do you think the caregiver handled her client well Why do you think so Can you cite situations that would prove that the caregiver handled her client well N o Video No 2 1 What is the video all about 2 What are the three most important steps you have seen in the video Explain your answer What are the advantages of using the equipment shown in the video Cite three 3 advantages oa http www youtube com watch v S648xZDK7b0 amp feature fvsr http www youtube com watch v HHosKND kZk amp feature fvsr Activity Sheet 2 2 ye Directions You will be provided with five 5 equipment tools or paraphernalia Prepare them for use by identifying and demonstrating the function of each You must get 100 accuracy Students with the score of 9 and below are required to perform again the activity Complete the table below in a separate sheet of paper Equipment Task to be tool or equipment tool nian Defective undertaken paraphernali or paraphernalia a to be used e For mixing e Prepare aes e Blender emulsifying smoothie food and other substances i Function of the O A Sterilize e For de
91. sps 2 5kgs __lbs 3 36 Cs F 4 25ft __ in 5 60cc _ ml CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 54 III Directions Write an O if the statement is true and an X if the statement is false 1 Oral drugs can be in tablet capsule or liquid form 2 Reading carefully the drug labels is useless in administering medicines to the patients 3 Medicines of the same brand name and generic name do not necessarily have the same dosage strength 4 The unknown value in calculation is usually represented bya _s 5 The adult s average Body Surface Area BSA is 1 68 m 6 An inaccurate dosage can more likely harm an adult than a child 7 Body Surface Area BSA Method is considered to be the most accurate and safest method in calculating pedriatic dosages 8 A suppository is the most common form of rectal drugs 9 Administering the drugs rectally is also best for patients who are unable to take drugs orally 10 Generic name in a drug label is usually written in uppercase and in parentheses Self Check 1 1 B Zo Directions Encircle the letter of the best answer 1 Gwyneth weighs 15 kg and scheduled to receive 5 ml kg of her medicine How much ml should the patient receive a 7 5 ml b 75 ml c 86 67 ml d 7ml 2 Determine the weight of your patient in kilograms who weighs105 Ibs a 47 2 kg b 47 7 kg c 42 7 kg d 42 2 kg 3 How many milligrams of a medicine are in 5 caps
92. stroying feeding e Sterilizer microorganism bottles s in containers CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 29 e ron shirt Iron and e For pressing and pants of ironing eiahe the client board nin e Thermom e For measuring p eter temperature reading e Opena canned good e For opening a for the client canned good opener How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely Remember it is your learning at stake SCORING CRITERIA 10 ACCURACY 100 Identified and demonstrated the function of 5 equipment tools or paraphernalia Identified and demonstrated the function of 4 equipment tools or paraphernalia Identified and demonstrated the function of 3 equipment tools or paraphernalia Identified and demonstrated the function of 2 equipment tools or paraphernalia Identified and demonstrated the function of 1 equipment tools or paraphernalia Failed to identify and demonstrate the function of any of the given equipment tools or paraphernalia ACCURACY 100 Identified and demonstrated the function of 5 equipment tools or paraphernalia fe aa paraphernalia fe a paraphernalia STUDENT S SCORE Identified and demonstrated the function of 2 equipment tools or paraphernalia Identified and demonstrated the function of 1 equipment tools or paraphernalia Failed to identify and demonstrate the function of any of the give
93. sychological Hazards e Depression Anxiety Loss of confidence Loss of concentration at work Deterioration of performance at work Recognizing Hazards and Risks in the Workplace Hazards and risks vary from one workplace to another Even in day care or nursing homes where work routines may be the same hazards will differ depending on the type of building the establishment is situated and the attitudes of caregivers clients or employers The good news is hazards and risks can be prevented However before thinking about what control measures are needed first a caregiver has to know whether there are health and safety problems in his her workplace So how can someone identify the hazards in the workplace The following are some ways for a caregiver to determine health and safety problems 1 A caregiver should observe the workplace 2 Acaregiver may examine complaints from his her co workers CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 65 3 A caregiver should check accident records 4 Acaregiver should examine chart on results of inspections done by the employers or private organizations 5 A caregiver may use checklists and inspect the workplace 6 A caregiver may study reports or any other vital information about the nursing home dw IN A NUTSHELL Nursing home and day care institution services are of great value to everyone As such owners of these establishments are highly reliant on their staff
94. the equation 3 nurses 15 patients 6 nurses 30 patients Example 2 Find the value of X using the equation given below 2500 mg 10 tablets X 3 tablets To compute 10 tablets x X 2500 mg x 3 tablets 10 X 7500 mg X 7500 10 X 750 mg Check and complete the equation 2500 mg 10 tablets 750 mg 3 tablets Steps in Solving the Value of X Using Fractions in Proportion Prepare the equation Start with the solution by doing cross multiplication Solve for the value of X Double check your work by completing the equation AUN Example 1 How many nurses will take charge of 15 patients if 6 nurses handle 30 patients Step 1 Prepare the equation xX 6 nurses 15 patients 30 patients CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 40 Step 2 Start with the solution by doing a cross multiplication X _ nurses 15 patients 30 patients 15 patients x 6 nurses X x 30 patients Step 3 Solve for the value of X In the given problem the value of X refers to 15 patients x 6 nurses X x 30 patients 90 30 X 90 30 X or X 3 nurses Therefore 3 nurses will take charge of 15 patients while 6 nurses handle 30 patients Step 4 Double check your work by completing the equation 3 nurses 6 nurses 15 patients 30 patients Example 2 Find the value of X using the equation given below 2900 mg A 10 tablets 3 tablets To compute cross multiply first 10 tablets x X 25
95. tness articles medical equipment articles medical instruments maintenance how clean sphyqmomanometer 269087 html http Awww adctoday com images PDEF IB 93 7001 00 pdf http www thefreedictionary com CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 31 LO2 Elana D Zucker The Caregiver s Resourcebook 6 Edition Pearson Education South Asia PTE LTD 2009 National League of Philippine Government Nurses Inc Public Health Nursing in the Philippines 10 Edition National League of Philippine Government Nurses Inc Online Resources http Awww ehow com how_ 7719401 clean air pot html http www aptkitchen com kitchen accessories articles electric knife cleaning php http nome howstuttworks com how to repair small appliances6 htm htto howtoeasy blogspot com 2010 01 clean your microwave oven with vinegar html http navyadministration tpub com 14163 css 14163 78 htm http Awww goodhousekeeping com home heloise heloise spring cleaning dishwasher grime http nousekeeping about com od laundry ht ironcleaning htm http blog lydiasuniforms com blog uniforms and scrubs qanda caring for your stethoscope http Awww geratherm com wp content uploads 201 1 03 user manual Geratherm clinic pdt http www healthaidindia com digital thermometers maintenance of digital thermometers html http Awww dableducational org pdfs springO07 Chapter4 Measurement of blood pressu re Part2 pdf http www sooperarticles com h
96. ules if 3 contain 15 mg a 10mg b 15mg c 20mg d 25mg 4 3 600 ml day is equal to a 2 5 ml min b 2 2 ml min CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 55 c 2 0 ml min d 1 7 ml min 5 Marion was ordered by the doctor to take 500 mg of a paracetamol every 6 hours Each paracetamol contains 250 mg How many paracetamol will be taken in a day a 8 pcs b 6 pcs c 4pcs d 2pcs ll Directions List down what is are being asked in each item Enumeration 1 4 Enumerate the four methods in calculating drug dosages for pediatric patients 5 6 Give the 2 types of rectal drugs 7 10 What devices can be used in administering oral drugs to children Refer to the Answer Key What is your score oy How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Show that you learned something by doing this activity ACTIVITY 1 1 Directions Work with your group mates and come up with a good script covering the topics in ratios proportions fractions conversions and dosage calculations Submit a hardcopy of your script to your teacher and present your role play to the class making sure that your computations are 100 accurate CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 56 ACTIVITY 1 2 Directions Prepare yourself for a gallery walk You will notice that your classroom setup looks like a gallery of dosage calculations Five big cards where sample computations on dosages are written are displayed in the
97. with an antiseptic pad and place the equipment back to their proper place and wash your hands CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 27 How Much Have You Learned Self Check 2 1 ye Directions Encircle the letter of the best answer 1 When an adult client asks you about his her vital signs your best answer would be A lam only allowed to report them to my superior B Your temperature is 37 degrees orally your blood pressure is 128 70 and your respirations are 24 Is there anything more that you would like to know sir ma am C Oh they are not that important There is no need for you to Know about it D Even if tell you sir ma am you will not understand them The fifth vital sign is A blood pressure B pain C temperature D respiration This appliance is useful especially at mealtime A blender B food processor C microwave oven D electric can opener This uses a magnet so that the lid will remain attached to it A blender B coffee maker C microwave oven D electric can opener When the heart is contracting the pressure is highest This is called the blood pressure systolic pressure heart pressure diastolic pressure DODD Refer to the Answer Key What is your score CAREGIVING K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 28 ey How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Activity Sheet 2 1 Show that you learned
98. with blood need to be double bagged in plastic and disposed of based on existing community or local rules Needles sharps Sharps should be kept in a container which is not easy to pierce like metal coffee can Some items may be kept while some should be discarded right away It is advisable to discuss with the supervisor for the best disposal method Medical equipment f the equipment is contaminated it should be thrown away It is ideal that the equipment be double bagged and disposed of based on the existing regulations in the community Also this should be discussed with the immediate supervisor as to whether or not the said equipment can be kept or should be disposed of already Proper Handwashing As you touch people tables chairs books sinks handrails and other objects and surfaces there is a possibility that you contaminate your hands The germs that have accumulated when touching things may be the means for you to get sick and spread illness to others The importance of hand washing comes in It is by far the best and simplest way to prevent germs from spreading and to keep the people around you from getting sick Though it is said that hand washing is the first line of defense against the spread of illnesses you should be aware of the proper way of doing it Otherwise you may just be wasting your time doing it because you do not really wipe out what should be eliminated The following steps will help you in performing proper h

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