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RV 3.6 Manual - Tweak Software

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1. ital ORONO O 2 0 3 0 4 0535 O56 0 7 0 8 0 9 4 0 0 0 0 O22 0 3 Oc4 O25 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 0 dbl 0 0 10 Oc2 O63 Oc4 O 5 OS O37 O48 0 9 AC OOO ORO SO 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 0 LI 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 450 O20 0 1 O22 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 150 Access LUT data via a gamma lookup Red channel has gamma 2 0 Green channel has gamma 3 0 but also has fewer points Blue channel has gamma 2 0 but also has fewer points 119 APPENDIX G RISING SUN RESEARCH CINESPACE CSP FILE FORMAT jas 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 O48 0 9 1 0 0 0 01 0 04 0 09 0 16 0 23 0 358 0 49 0 54 0 61 1 0 O28 1 0 OsAlG 0512 1 0 o o o o 00 Ss S oO H gt cO 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 0 0 04 0 15 0 55 0 04 1 0 ADOS oqo op oo Oo N o ES i OY LUT data This section contains the LUT data The input stimuli for the LUT data is evenly spaced and normalized between 0 0 and 1 0 All data entries are space delimited floats For 3D LUTs the data is red fastest It is made up of the valid lines 12 and onwards in the LUT See Notes below for a definition of a valid line Examples Linear LUT with cube sides R G B 2 3 4 ie a 2x3x4 data set 2 Ww eae eo el Peo aa PP oe Old a ao oo Ss SS SSS Naso ooooaoaoomooeoooaqgsS w Ww PLPOPOPROPROPOrROoOrRoOrorororor ESHOPS O FONO Ro FoRo RO Roo Ro Roo Roto Roto tooo Sd US So lt a Go DOO G a 10350 mn u So ey Sy CY Notes All lines starting with white
2. Play Direction gt Cache A Volatile cache frames likely to be freed Current Frame Non Volatile cache frames unlikely to be freed Figure 4 20 Look Ahead Cache Operation RV caches frames asynchronously in the background If you change frames while RV is caching it will attempt to load the requested frame as soon as possible If the timeline widget is visible cached regions will appear as a dark green stripe along the length of the widget The stripe darkens to blue as the cache fills The progress of the caching can be monitored using the timeline On machines with multiple processors or cores the caching is done in one or more completely separate threads Note that there is usually no advantage to setting the lookahead cache size to something large if playback does not overtake the caching a small lookahead cache is sufficient and if it does you probably want to use region caching anyway 4 7 Color and LUTs RV provides users with fine grained color management and can support various color management scenarios See 6 1 for detailed technical information about RV s color pipeline RV supports three LUTs per file and 36 CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE an overall display LUT and has a number of useful color transforms built in You can load LUTs using the File Import menu Display Look File and Pre Cache items or you can drag and drop LUT files onto the RV window Smart drop targets will allow you determi
3. keys with or without shift 27 CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE IMG_0313 rv IMG_0313 rv Figure 4 9 Nearest Neighbor and Linear Interpolation Filtering Nearest neighbor filtering makes pixels into blocks helpful in trying to determine an exact pixel value held down The parameter is incremented and decremented To end the keyboard interactive edit hit the Escape or Spacebar keys Key Mouse Sequence Action Mouse Button 1 Drag Scrub parameter Mouse Button 1 Up Finish parameter edit mode Wheel Increment or decrement parameter Enter Enter parameter numerically 0 through 9 Enter parameter numerically ESC Cancel parameter edit mode or Increment parameter value or _ Decrement parameter value r Reset parameter value Table 4 1 Parameter Edit Mode Key and Mouse Bindings 4 3 5 Image Filtering When image pixels are scaled to be larger or smaller than display pixels resampling occurs When the image is scaled zoomed RV provides two resampling methods filters nearest neighbor and linear interpolation the default You can see the effects of the resampling filters by making the scale greater than 1 1 This can be done with any of the hot keys 2 through 8 or by zooming the image interactively When the image pixels are large enough you can switch the sampling method via View Linear Filter or by hitting the n key Figure 4 9 shows an example of an image displayed with nearest neigh
4. Why does RV default to the linear filter Most of the time images and movies come from file formats that store pixel values in linear scene referred space so this default is not an issue It also looks better The important thing is to be aware of the issue Floating Point Images If RV is displaying floating point data directly linear filtering may not occur even though it is enabled This is a limitation of some graphics cards that will probably be remedied via driver update or new hardware in the near future In this case You can make the filter work by disallowing floating point values via Image Color Resolution Allow Floating Point Many graphics can do filtering on 16 bit floating point images but cannot do filtering on 32 bit floating point images RV automatically detects the cards capabilities and will turn off filtering for images if necessary Figure 4 10 shows an example of a floating point image with linear filtering enabled versus equivalent 8 bit images 4 3 6 Big Images RV can display any size image as long as it can fit into your computer s memory When an image is larger than the graphics card can handle RV will tile the image display This makes it possible to send all the pixels of the image to the card for display The downside is that all of the pixels are sent to the display even though you probably can t see them all However if you zoom in for example hit 1 for 1 1 scale when a large image is load
5. rvlink urls with Konqueror at the moment B 3 Testing the Protocol Handler Once RV is properly registered as the rvlink protocol handler go to this page to try it out http tweaksoftware com rvlink test page 111 Appendix C Using RV as Nuke s Flip Book Player Nuke 5 0 can easily be configured to use RV as a flipbook Nuke can also be setup to render out OpenExr temp files instead of the default rgb files In order to configure Nuke to work with RV do the following 1 Save the script below as a file named rv_this py 2 Copy rv_this py into Nuke s nukescripts folder This will be in the Nuke directory under lib site packages nukescripts 3 Open the file named init py in the nukescripts folder and add the following line from rv_this import x 4 Edit the file menu py in the Nuke plugins directory Find the line that says m addCommand amp Flipbook Selected nukescripts flipbook nukescripts framecycler_this nuke selectedNode F And directly below it add the following line m addCommand Flipbook Selected in amp RV nukescripts flipbook nukescripts rv_this nuke selectedNode R RV will now appear in the render menu and will be available with the hot key Alt r To change Nuke s default tmp rendering format to Exr edit the file flipbook py in Nuke s nukescripts folder 1 Find the two lines that specify the
6. SIMEONE O OM O O O Outsterso y BOSCO MO shell gt rvio foo_left exr foo_right exr outstereo o stereo exr 102 CHAPTER 14 RVIO Or you can specify an output stereo format shell gt rvio foo_l exr foo_r exr foo aiff outstereo hsqueezed o stereo mov 14 2 9 Slates Mattes Watermarks and Burn ins RVIO supports script based creation of slates and overlays The default scripts that come with RV can be used as is or they can be customized to create any kind of overlay or slate that you need Customization of these scripts is covered in the RV Reference Manual RVIO has two command line flags to manage these scripts leader and overlay leader scripts are used to create Slates or other frames that will be added to the beginning of a sequence or movie overlay scripts will draw on top of the image frames Multiple overlays can be layered on top of the image so that you can build up a frame with mattes frame burn in bugs etc The scripts that come with RV include e simpleslate e watermark matte frameburn e bug Simpleslate Leader Simpleslate allows you to build up a slate from a list of attribute value pairs It will automatically scale all of your text to fit onto the frame It works like this shell gt rvio foo exr leader simpleslate Acme Post Show My Show Shot foo Type comp Artist John Doe Comments Lighter and Darker as requested by director
7. be ee eR a CA US ob a eee eas See oe oe Ah AA ae ees Os Pe eS acl Reguirements o lt eea sa ek ee he da Ce ee ee ew bh Ew ww ee ae ZA Installation and License sass a EDA RA Se Bee 24 5 Structure of RV on Windows 2 44 5 486442424882 2a eee een A 3 Command Line Usage ol Image peqhenes Notation o o aonr Gee eee dada edad a Eee ASAD es Soll Negativo Brame Numbers s a sanai 4 eee RRR eA RGA ee we ee Ee 32 Source Layers from the Command Line 2 4 24 2 eee bb ee eee ee eee 3 2 1 Associating Audio with Image Sequences or Movie Files 3 2 2 Dual Image Sequences and or Movie Files as Stereo 2 o o ee Sor PerSowee ASUME soa a ee ee eae RR OR BG BS 3 2 4 A note on the fps per source argument 02 0 0000p eee eee 3 2 5 Source Layer Caveats and Capabilities e e e a sa sewa 0200002 a eee SCE UO UUM AOWOANNNNNAVWAGH E CONTENTS du DECO Ge INGE cocos psi a A eee eee hs ba awe 19 User Interface 22 Al DEUDA cosas a a ne e hee a REE Re eS Ee He 22 4 2 Loading Images Sequences Movies and Audio 0 0 0 0 00 eee eee ee 23 a2 Using the File AI 23 422 Dragsing and Dropping cosida A a a a AA 25 da Examining anlage lt a Oe ERR ERR A eS oo A 25 43 1 Panning Zooming and Rotating o uuu ee ee tu a ee ee ee ea ee 26 432 Inspecting Pixel Values oo a ca Se ee RD be ee ee ee aS be Se eS 26 43 3 Comparing Images with Wipes 66 6 6 6s lt lt lt eee adda ee 27 4 3 4 Parameter Edit Mode and Virt
8. Also by clicking on the icon that appears at the center or corner of a wipe or via the Wipes menu you can enable the wipe information mode that will indicate which edge you are about to grab Wipes can be used with any number of sources The stack order can be cycled using the and keys 4 3 4 Parameter Edit Mode and Virtual Sliders RV has a special UI mode for editing the parameters such as color corrections volume and image rotation For example hitting the y key enters gamma edit mode When editing parameters the mouse and keyboard are bound to a different set of functions On exiting the editing mode the mouse and keyboard revert to the usual bindings See Table 4 1 To edit the parameter value using the mouse you can either scrub like a virtual slider or use the wheel If you want to eyeball it hold the left mouse down and scrub left and right When you release the button the edit mode will be finished so if you want to make further changes you need to re enter the edit mode The scroll wheel increments and decrements the parameter value by a predefined amount Unlike scrubbing with the left mouse button the scroll wheel will not exit the edit mode You can exit the edit mode by hitting the escape key or space bar or most other keys To change the parameter value using the keyboard hit the Enter or Return key RV will prompt you for the value For interactive changes from the keyboard use the and
9. JPEG 2000 This codec was originally created as a replacement to Photo JPEG and the JPEG format in general JPEG 2000 uses wavelet and other sophisticated compression techniques to create good quality images that are highly compressed However when keeping the image quality very high JPEG 2000 does not necessarily out perform Photo JPEG in size or image quality The codec is also complex enough to cause very slow decoding at least with software decoders RV supports JPEG 2000 codec for QuickTime on OS X and Windows but not on Linux H 264 avc1 This is the latest and greatest codec which is usually associated with MPEG 4 H 264 stores keyframes and data which helps it generate in between frames on the fly Because it doesn t store every frame individually H 264 compressed files can be much smaller than codecs like Photo JPEG The image quality for H 264 can be good depending on how the movie was created If relatively simple creation software was used like Apple s QuickTime player or RVIO the results are usually OK but not nearly as good as Photo or Motion JPEG H 264 is not ideal for reviewing color Also scrubbing can be slow because random access to frames requires finding and decoding multiple frames This can make H 264 unweildy for scrubbing around animation or VFX takes H 264 encoded Quicktime movies mov and MPEG 4 movies mp4 usually have a colr atom which describes the proper display space of the images There are a nu
10. o foo mov Watermark Overlay The watermark overlay burns a text comment onto output images This makes it easy to generate custom watermarked movies for clients or vendors Watermark takes two arguments the comment in quotes and the opacity from 0 to 1 shell gt rvio foo mov overlay watermark For Client X Review 0 1 OO Om CHS NETO Matte Overlay The matte overlay mattes your images to the desired aspect ratio It takes two arguments the aspect ratio and the opacity shell gt rvio foo exr overlay matte 2 35 1 0 o foo mov Frameburn Overlay The frameburn overlay renders the source frame number onto each frame It takes three arguments the opacity the luminance and the size shell gt rvio foo exr overlay frameburn 0 1 0 1 50 o foo mov 103 CHAPTER 14 RVIO Bug Overlay The bug overlay lets you render an image o top of each output frame It takes three arguments the image name the opacity and the size shell gt rvio foo exr overlay bug path to logo tif 0 5 48 104 Chapter 15 RVLS The RVLS provides command line information about images sequences movie files and audio files By default rvls with no arguments will list the contents of the current directory Unlike its namesake ls rvls will contract image sequences into a single listing The output image sequences can be used as arguments to rv or RVIO For more detailed information about
11. s from the Sync menu The menu is divided into to two main sections things you can send and things you have agreed to receive By default sync mode will accept anything it gets but will only send certain types of operations So if one of the participants decides to send more than the default state the remote RVs will automatically use it Sync mode will always send frame changes and playback options like the current fps and the playback mode Color Pan and Zoom Figure 10 5 Sync Mode Menu 75 CHAPTER 10 NETWORKING Event Group What Gets Sync ed Color Any per source color changes E g exposure gamma hue saturation and contrast The File LUT is currently not synced between RVs Pan and Zoom Any viewing pan and zoom changes The scales are relative to the window geometry which is not synced Stereo Settings Settings that are per source e g those that are found under the Image gt Stereo menu Stereo settings from the under View Stereo menu are not included Display Stereo Settings Stereo settings that affect the entire session e g those found under the View Stereo menu This includes the stereo display mode Be careful when using this when any participant is not capable of hardware stereo viewing Display Color Settings Overall brightness red green blue channel isolation display gamma display sRGB and Rec709 modes Most of the items found under the View menu The look and display LUTs are current
12. sourceGroup000000 defaultSequence 3 sourceGroup000000 defaultStack 13 6 1 Default Views There are three default views that are always created by RV the default stack sequence and layout Whenever a new source is added by the user each of these will automatically connect the new source as an input When a new viewing node is created a new sequence stack layout retime the default views will not add those only sources are automatically added When writing a rv file you can co opt these views to rearrange or add inputs or generate a unique EDL but its probably a better idea to create a new one instead RV will never automatically edit a sequence stack layout etc that is not one of the default views 13 7 Creating a Session File for Custom Review One of the major reasons to create session files outside of RV is to automatically generate custom review workflows For example if you want to look at an old version of a sequence and a new version you might have your pipeline output a session file with both in the session and have pre constructed stacked views with wipes and a side by side layout of the two sequences To start with lets look at creating a session file which creates a unique sequence not the default sequence with plays back sources in a particular order In this case no EDL creation is necessary we only need to supply the sequence with the source inputs in the correct order This is analogous to the user reord
13. 0 0 to w 1 h 1 where w is the image width and h is the image height Uncropping in terms of RV creates a virtual image which is typically larger than the input image The input image is usually placed completely inside of the larger virtual image 1New channels currently inherit the channel data from the first channel in the image If the data needs to be 1 0 or 0 0 in the new channel use Channel Reorder to insert constant data Quicktime calls this same functionality clean aperture The OpenEXR documentation refers to something similar as the data and display windows 52 CHAPTER 6 HOW A PIXEL GETS FROM A FILE TO THE SCREEN Uncrop Display Window A Image Data Window va 2 v T o y c 3 Uncrop X Y Offset Uncrop Width Figure 6 3 Uncrop Parameters It is also possible to uncrop an image to a smaller size in which case some pixels are beyond the virtual image border or partially in and out of the virtual uncrop image This handles both the cases of a cropped render and an a render of pixels beyond the final frame for compositing slop The OpenEXR format includes a display and data window These are almost directly translated to uncrop parameters except that in RV the display window always has an origin of 0 0 When RV encounters differing display and data window attributes in an EXR file it will automatically convert these to uncrop values This means that a sequence o
14. 3D LUT to have the same resolution in each dimension You may find that a particular LUT is smooth or nearly linear in one or more dimensions In that case you can use a lower resolution in those dimensions Some graphics cards have resolution issues with 3D textures which can cause loss of precision when RV s 3D LUT feature is enabled On older NVidia cards and ATI cards in general 3D textures may be limited to non floating point color representations Precision loss when using a LUT can be exacerbated by applying display gamma on these cards To minimize precision loss on those types of cards bake monitor gamma and log lin conversion directly into the display LUT With newer GPUs this is not as much of an issue 7 2 Input Matrix and Pre LUT For HDR applications the incoming data needs to be rescaled and possibly shaped RV has two separate components which do this the LUT input matrix and a channel pre LUT The input matrix is a general 4 x 4 matrix For HDR pixels the matrix is used to scale the incoming pixel to range 0 1 The pre LUT the channel LUT and the 3D LUT all take inputs in that range Figure 7 1 shows a diagram of the channel and 3D LUT components and their input and output ranges The pre LUT is identical to the channel LUT in implementation It maps single channel values to new values Unlike the general channel LUT the pre LUT must always map values in the 0 1 range into the same range The purpose of the pre LUT is to co
15. ALSA documentation for the asoundrc file for more information about devices and how they can be created Devices defined in the configuration files will not automatically show up in RV you ll need to add them to the environment variable When using the hardware devices other programs will not have access to the audio E 3 ALSA Safe The ALSA Safe audio back end uses a more modern version of the ALSA client API If the version of ALSA client library on your system is newer than 1 0 13 this back end might work better on your system PulseAudio system should definitely be using this audio module The ALSA safe back end can use the RV_ALSA_EXTRA_DEVICES variable see above However user system defined devices will typically show up in the device list automatically The safe back end does not give you direct access to the hardware devices by default Typically you will see devices which look like front CARD xxxx DEV n The xxxx and n values correspond to the hardware device values used in the ALSA old back end You can force the use of the hardware devices by adding them to the environment variable For example the first device on the first card would be hw 0 0 in ALSA parlance So setting the value of RV_ALSA_EXTRA_DEVICES to First Hardware Devicethw 0 0 would add that to the list We recommend that you do not add hardware devices when using the safe ALSA module The hardware devices will typic
16. Appendix E for complete details 4 6 Caching RV has a three state cache its either off caching the current in out range or being used as a look ahead also known as a ring buffer 35 CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE Figure 4 17 Timeline Showing Cache Progress The region cache reads frames starting at the in point and attempts to fill the cache up to the out point If there is not enough room in the cache RV will stop caching The region cache can be toggled on or off from the Tools menu or by using the shift C hot key In Frame Out Frame y AO AAA AAANA al Volatile cache frames likely to be freed Cache ll Non Volatile cache frames unlikely to be freed Figure 4 18 Region Cache Operation With Lots of Memory In Frame Out Frame y ANA MAN E Volatile cache frames likely to be freed E Non Volatile cache frames unlikely to be freed Cache Figure 4 19 Region Cache Operation During Caching With Low Memory Look ahead caching can be activated from the Tools menu or by using the meta 1 hot key The look ahead cache attempts to smooth out playback by pre caching frames right before they are played If RV can read the files from disk at close to the frame rate this is the best caching mode If playback catches up to the look ahead cache playback will be paused until the cache is filled or for a length of time specified in the Caching preferences At that point playback will resume
17. Clinear lt q 709 1 099Crinear 5 0 099 Clinear gt q where q 0 018 6 7 5 Display Brightness There is a final multiplier on the color which can be made after the display gamma This is analogous to relative exposure discussed above The Display Brightness will never affect the hue of displayed pixels but can be used to increase or decrease the final brightness of the pixel This is most useful when a display LUT is being used to simulate an alternate display device like projected film In some cases the display LUT may scale luminance of the image down in order to represent the entire dynamic range of the display device In order to examine dark parts of the frame you can adjust the display brightness without worrying about any chromatic changes to the image Note that bright colors may become clipped in the process The Display Brightness can be set from the View menu 6 8 Final Display Filters These operations occur after the display correction has been applied and before the pixel is displayed Unlike color corrections there is only a single instance of each of these for an RV session So if you isolate the red channel for example it will be isolated for all source material 6 8 1 Channel Reorder If you have RGBA or fewer channels read into RV and you need to rearrange them for some reason you can do so without using the general remapping technique described above In that case you can use channel reordering which ma
18. Each of these maps a luminance value to a color 6 6 2 Relative Exposure RV s computes relative exposure like this C x JELPOSUTE where c is the incoming color So a relative exposure of 1 0 will cause the color to be divided by 2 0 Relative exposure can alternately be thought of as increasing or decreasing the stop on a camera So a relative exposure of 1 0 is equivalent to viewing the image as if the camera was stopped down by 1 when the picture was taken To map an exact range of values where 0 is always the low value set the exposure to logs maz is the upper bound 1 where max 6 6 3 Hue Rotation The unit of hue rotation is radians RV s hue rotation is luminance preserving A hue rotation of 27 will result in no hue change The algorithm is as follows e Apply a rotation that maps the grey vector to the blue axis Compute the vector L that is perpendicular to the plane of constant luminance Apply a skew transform to map the vector L onto the blue axis e Apply a rotation about the blue axis N radians where N is the amount of hue change e Apply a rotation that maps the blue axis back to the grey vector RV computes luminance using this formula Rw Gy Bw 0 R Rw Gy By 0 G Rw Gy By 0 B 0 0 0 1 1 8This is also the formula used for luminance display 56 CHAPTER 6 HOW A PIXEL GETS FROM A FILE TO THE SCREEN where Ry 0 3086 Gy 0 6094 By 0 0820 6 6 4 Relative Saturation RV applies t
19. In this mode hovering over a given input image will show you a manipulater that can be used to reposition the image by clicking and dragging near the center or scale the image by clicking and dragging the corners After you have the inputs arranged to your liking you may want to switch to the Static mode which will no longer draw the manipulators and will leave the images in your designated arrangement 5 7 Retime View The Retime View takes a single input and alters it s timing making it faster or slower or offseting the native frame numbers For example to double the length of an input IE make every frame play twice which will 46 CHAPTER 5 THE SESSION AND THE SESSION MANAGER have the effect of slowing the action without changing the frame rate set the Length Multiplier to 2 Or to have frame 1 of the input present itself on the output as frame 101 set the Offset to 100 The Length Multiplier and Offset apply to both the video and audio of the input If you want to apply an additional scale or offset to just the audio you can use the Audio Offset and Audio Scale fields Session Manager 6 o Retime of big y SOURCES vio w RETIMINGS Retime of big y SEQUENCES A Default Sequence y STACKS E Default Stack wW LAYOUTS Retime Output FPS 24 E Length Multiplier 2 a Offset frames 0 E Audio Offset sec 0 Audio Scale 1 Figure 5 5 Retime View Edit Interf
20. all the audio together the default play only the audio from the topmost input in the stack or pick a particular input by name By default stack inputs will be displayed so that matching source frame numbers are aligned For example if you stack foo 121 150 exr on top of goo 56 200 exr you ll see frame foo 121 exr on top of goo 121 exr even though the two sequences have completely different frame ranges If you don t want this behavior and you want the start frames of the inputs to be aligned regardless of their frame numbers check Align Start Frames Also note that the Wipes mode is usful when comparing images in a stack The use of wipes is explained in Section 4 3 3 5 6 3 Layout Views A Layout is just what it sounds like the inputs are aranged in a grid column row or arbitrary user defined pattern In many ways a Layout is similar to a stack it even has a compositing operation for cases where you arrange on input over another All the interface actions described in Section 5 6 2 for Stack Views also apply to Layout Views To determine the arrangement of your layout choose one of five modes There are three procedural modes which will rearrange themselves whenever the inputs are changed or reordered Packed produces a tightly packed or tiled pattern Row arranges all the inputs in a horizontal row and Column arranges the inputs in a vertical column If you want to position your inputs by hand select the Manual mode
21. are rows as in 13 1 The last edit is really just a boundary condition it indicates how RV should handle frames past the end of the EDL To be well formed an RV EDL needs to include this 97 CHAPTER 13 RV FILE FORMAT 13 7 2 RVLayoutGroup and RVStackGroup The stack and layout groups can be made in a similar manner to the above The important thing to remember is the inputs for all of these must be specified in the connections object of the file Each of thes view types uses the input ordering in the case of the stack it determines what s on top and in the case of the layout it determines how automatic layout will be ordered 13 8 Limitations on Number of Open Files RV does not impose any artificial limits on the number of source which can be in an RV session file However the use of some file formats namely Quicktime mov avi and mp4 require that the file remain open while RV is running Each operating system and even shell on unix systems has different limits on the number of open files a process is allowed to have For example on Linux the default is 1024 files This means that you cannot open more than 1000 or so movie files without changing the default RV checks the limit on startup and sets it to the maximum allowed by the system There are a number of operating system and shell dependent ways to change limits Your facility may also have limits imposed by the IT department for accounting reasons 13 9 What s the Best W
22. arguments it will launch a blank window you can later add source material to the window via file browser or drag and drop Options are all preceded by a dash minus sign in the unix tradition even on windows Some of them take arguments and some of them are flags which toggle the associated feature on or off For example shell gt rv fullscreen foo mov plays back a movie file in full screen mode In this case fullscreen is a toggle which takes no arguments and foo mov is one of the source material If an option takes arguments you supply them directly after the option Sis rv CPS 230 oaten dt esc Here the fps option frames per second requires a single floating point number With rare exception RV s options are either toggles or take a single argument gti The most important option to remember is help The help option causes RV to print out all of the options and command line syntax and can be anywhere in a command line When unsure of what the next argument is or whether you can add more options to a long command line you can always add help onto LA floating point number in this context means a number which may or may not have a decimal point E g 10 and 10 5 are both floating point numbers 15 CHAPTER 3 COMMAND LINE USAGE the end of your command and immediately hit enter At that point RV will ignore the entire command and print the help out You can always use your shell s history to get
23. assume the internal representation is a direct mapping from the data in the file If on the other hand RV is reading an EXR file with A B G T and Z channels and you are interested in the contents of the Z channel you will need to tell RV specifically how to map the image data to an RGBA pixel To see what channels an image has in it and what channels RV has decided to use for display you can select Tools Image Info in the menu bar The first two items displayed tell you the internal image format In some cases you will see an additional item called ChannelNamesInFile which may show not only R G B channels but additional channels in the file that are not being shown RV stores images using between one and four channels The channels are always the same data type and precision for a given image If an image file on disk contains channels with differing precision or data type the reader will choose the best four channels to map to RGBA or fewer channels and a data type and precision that best conserves the information present in the file If there is no particular set of channels in the image that make sense to map to an internal RGBA image RV will arbitrarily map up to the first four channels in order By default RV will interpret channel data as shown in Table 6 2 of Channels Names RGBA Mapping 1 Y YYY1 2 Y A YYYA 3 R G B RGB1 4 R G B A RGBA Table 6 2 Mapping of File Channels to Display Channels Default
24. bo ee eee we OEE Be ee ee ee ne BO Dw ede He ee mere as E 1 1 How RV Handles Linux Audio ee BS ALBA VOW 6 6 ce 2S PS ae hee PER aS bad GaSe a aaa a eed ES ALA SAO corria RA AA A A A a A e A E E SS Dsl tale ets Troubleshooting Networking Rising Sun Research CineSpace csp File Format Crash Reporting Open Source Components Ll Glosa a A ae a IA L2 EIC ocurrir A ESA a a e A ee a ar ee o Pe eee eee ee ae ee A Le Freel pe e ss ete es i OR EE ORE PAO Bee aa wed WO CIO ee a eee ee a ee eS Se eee Se ee Lo LEMP oS ee ee aaa uke d Ge eee he Ee OE Se eee eed dsd A octane et OS ce ae eo eh OD Be OR A Reh ee oe Oe Sg LS UpendPBl ee 6 4 0 eee Pada 448 ge ee RK KD GEE a eRe DEPRES LEU EES LA CIAO di a A DD Oe A a ee eB T LIO Graphics Marido ce ee et EEE Re Re De A ee eee ae 4 ELL MS coa A RR a pab a A SS AAA A Ue ARG Ng eerie A A 105 107 107 108 109 109 110 111 115 115 116 116 116 117 117 117 118 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 Overview RV and its companion tools RVIO and RVLS have been created to support digital artists directors super visors and production crews who need reliable flexible high performance tools to review image sequences movie files and audio RV is clean and simple in appearance and has been designed to let users load play inspect navigate and edit image sequences and audio as simply and directly as possible RV s advanced features do not clutter its appearance b
25. but both provide a compatibility API for the other ALSA is the official Linux audio API and is shipped with almost all distributions OSS is a cross platform API for UNIX based machines The Linux desktop projects KDE and Gnome both have sound servers build on top of OSS ALSA These are called esd and arts Both of them have become deprecated in recent releases If either of these processes is running you may find it difficult to use audio with RV or other commercial products Most recently a new desktop sound server PulseAudio has been introduced PulseAudio ships with most distributions and is on by default in RHEL CentOS and Fedora and comes with Debian and Ubuntu RV can use PulseAudio through the ALSA Safe module We recommend using PulseAudio it makes it possible for all applications to use audio at the same time The PulseAudio server can also run in real time mode which makes the audio output good quality Finally there is the JACK sound server JACK is similar to PulseAudio but specifically meant for professional sound applications JACK can run in real time mode and provides high quality low latency audio Most professional sound applications on Linux can use JACK On systems with PulseAudio the PulseAudio server can be configured to work with the JACK server thus providing the ultimate Nirvana of Linux audio E 1 1 How RV Handles Linux Audio As of version 3 6 RV now has multiple native audio back ends for Linux as w
26. corrected to achieve a non linear response The best bet on OS X is to calibrate the display in such a way that a linear response is achieved and don t use a Display Gamma other than 1 0 in RV The Display Gamma can be set from the View menu 6 7 3 sRGB Display Correction Most recently made monitors are built to have an sRGB response curve This is similar to a Gamma 2 2 response curve but with a more linear function in the blacks RV supports this function directly for both input and output without the need to use a LUT The sRGB display is a better default for most monitors than the display gamma correction above RV s default rules for color set up use the sRGB display RV also assumes by default that QuickTime movies and JPEG files are in sRGB color space unless they specifically indicate otherwise This behavior can be overridden see the Reference Manual RV uses the following formula to convert from linear to sRGB 12 92chinear Clinear S q Cs RGD 1 da a Clinear gt Q where q 0 0031308 a 0 055 The sRGB Display Correction can be set from the View menu 58 CHAPTER 6 HOW A PIXEL GETS FROM A FILE TO THE SCREEN 6 7 4 Rec 709 Non Linear Transfer Display Correction If the display device is an HD television or reference monitor it may be naturally calibrated to the Rec 709 color space Similar to sRGB Rec 709 is a gamma like curve RV uses the following formula to convert from linear to Rec 709 E 4 5Clinear
27. e a a oe we ye A EP eS 46 nO Layak Views 2 2 cae a da He bed deo ee aad 46 a A AN 46 How a Pixel Gets from a File to the Screen 48 Gl E A IA 48 Cle Skermo e AA 48 cl AAN 48 Ga Image Channels c sacre a ee a a we 51 Gol PRION lt a a a a Aa a A 51 G2 Chanel Remapping 2 coca ba asa a aa a ds 52 DA Cropani Uno a aere i a a n E A 52 6 5 Conversion to Linear Color Space asa aeaa oaa aa aaa a 53 651 Non Rec 700 Primaries ecc o a doe e e aa a a e as a eed a 54 CONTENTS uo YR BY LOTION a E cow DAA EADS POS 54 653 YUV YCbCr Conversio a oo o e oe dd 54 6 5 4 Log to Linear Color Space Conversion e e e 54 0 6 5 File Gamma Correction cos a e 2444 665 oa a A dd aa 55 6 5 6 sRGB to Linear Color Space Conversion 000 eee ee ee 55 6 5 7 Rec 709 Transfer to Linear Color Space Conversion 004 55 05 8 Pre Cache and File LUTS oa o s coco taiado 2545 Se ee eee ee 55 Gb Color DOCU oce ee ee REE A A Ee RR OR a 2 56 G01 Luminance LUTS a aa a ee ea oe ee we wee ee ee ee aS 56 66 2 Relative Paposure 00 00 as aa ee Ve we we Ae ee ee eA Re te a 56 Gi Hue RoOtabiod i Paw bate eee Rnd be teh ae be PEPE SELEY EE 56 C62 Relative Seren 00 hace ake kk eh DOO Sw we SR eee AAA Bea 57 Ci o ed AE 57 DOGO INVERSION ge ew a SON RR 2g be A Ae ee eee ee gra ee 57 6 7 Display Simulation amd Correction s sase eee eR ee ee a 57 Grol Display and Look LUTS 0 40 88 a a Pa e He Ha ae was 58 7 2 Display Gamma Cor
28. goes with an EXR sequence can be added as a layer so that it plays back along with the sequence Layers make it very simple to string together sequences with associated audio clips each movie or image sequence can be added as source with a corresponding audio clip added as a layer see soundfile commandline example above RV s stereoscopic display features can interpret the first two image layers in a source as left and right views 1 2 4 RV Views RV provides three default views and the ability to make views of your own The three that all sessions have are the Default Sequence which shows you all your sources in order the Default Stack which shows you all your sources stacked on top of one another and the Default Layout which has all the sources arranged in a grid or a column row or any other custom layout of your own design In addition to the default views you can create any number of Sources Sequences Stacks and Layouts of your own See 5 for information about the process of creating and managing your own views 1 2 5 Marking and Navigating RV s timeline hit TAB or F2 to bring it up can be marked to make it easy to navigate around an RV session RV can mark sequence boundaries automatically but you can also use the m key to place marks anywhere on the timeline Once a session is marked you can use hot keys to quickly navigate the timeline e g control right arrow command right arrow on Mac will set the in
29. have the correct ID If you computer has multiple network ports choose the first one 11 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION 2 2 3 Structure of RV on OS X In OS X RV is built as an Application bundle app The bundle contains all of the same types of files found in the Linux distribution tree but also contains OS X specific files like icons and user interface elements nib files The application bundle can be installed at any location in a Mac file system or may be installed on an NFS mounted file system If you wish to use RV command line tools you will need to add the MacOS directory to your path The di rectory is located relative to wherever you have installed RV For example if you installed RV in the default lo cation the Applications directory then the path would be Applications RV app Contents MacoOs Or Applications RV64 app Contents Macos for the 64 bit version If you wish to use RV as the protocol handler for the rvlink URL protocol see Appendix B run RV once with the registerHander command line option This will register the rvlink protocol handler with the operating system 2 3 Linux 2 3 1 Requirements RV is built to work with NVidia graphics cards on Linux For best results a current NVidia driver which supports OpenGL 2 0 is recommended RV can use older drivers and hardware but many of its features namely color correction and display correction may be disabled RV is built on Ubuntu 8 04 but wil
30. infer sequences list each file separately min int Minimum number of files considered a sequence default 3 formats List image movie formats version Show rvls version number Table 15 1 RVLS Options It is also possible to list the image attributes using RVLS using the x option This will display the same attribute information that is displayed in RV s Image Info Widget unnamed_5_channel exr Resolution Channels PixelAspectRatio EXR screenWindowWidth EXR screenWindowCenter EXR pixelAspectRatio EXR lineOrder EXR displayWindow EXR dataWindow EXR compression Colorspace m x lt 640 x 480 il 1 0 0 1 INCRI 0 0 0 0 shell gt rvls x unnamed_5_channel exr 5ch 16 bits ch floating point EASING_Y 639 479 639 479 ZIP_COMPRESSION Linear Additional command line options can be see in table 15 1 106 Appendix A Stereo Setup A 1 Linux This is taken from an NVIDIA README file The portions pertaining to stereo modes are reproduced here The following driver options are supported by the NVIDIA X driver They may be specified either in the Screen or Device sections of the X config file Option Stereo integer Enable offering of quad buffered stereo visuals on Quadro Integer indicates the type of stereo glasses being used Value Equipment 1 DDC glasses The sync signal is sent to the glasses via the DDC signal to
31. interpretation of channels and how they are mapped to display RGBA 1 means that the display channel is filled with the value 1 0 Y is luminance a scalar image When reading an image type that contains pixel data that is not directly mappable to RGB data like YUV data most of RV s image readers will automatically convert the data to RGB This is the case for JPEG and related image formats QuickTime movies with JPEG compression for example If the pixel data is not converted from YUV to RGB RV will convert the pixels to RGB in hardware if possible 6 3 1 Precision RV natively handles both integer and floating point images When one of RV s image readers decides a precision and data type for an image all of its channels are converted to that type internally RV lets you modify how the images are stored internally This ability is important because different internal formats can require different amounts of memory see Table 6 3 In some cases you will want to reduce or increase that memory requirement to fit more images into a cache or for faster or longer playback You can force RV to use a specific precision in the interface Color Color Resolution menu There are two options here 1 whether or not to allow floating point and 2 the maximum bit depth to use In the RV image processing DAG precision is controlled by the Format node There are two properties which determine the behavior color maxBitDepth and color all
32. new source event bound to a function which modifies incoming color settings based on the image type any node properties in your session file override the default values created there To state it another way values you omit in the session file still exist in RV and will take on whatever values the function bound to new source made for them To ensure that you get exactly the color you want you can specify all of the relevant color properties in the RVColor and RVDisplayColor nodes displ sourceGroup000000_color layGroup_display EVOL Oe Gly string file path to LUTs log2sRGB csp ior active 1 tring lut default alphaType 0 normalize 0 logtype 0 YIQ 0 YUV 0 invert 0 SRGB2linear 0 Rec709ToLinear 0 lose 131 Gemma 1 1 A close 31 corrsee 00 0 T OA SES CAMS 0 Li tq A float 3 exposure iO cies PSs me Olletacls c El float saturation 1 float hue 0 Me ecirays il int ignoreChromaticities 0 C Sy So el E Sl See be ee ls 3 3 0 3 0 DD RVDisplayColor 1 color float gamma 1 int sRGB 0 int Rec709 0 float brightness 0 92 CHAPTER 13 RV FILE FORMAT 13 5 Information Global to the Session Now let s add an RVSession object with in and output points The session object should be called rv in this version There should only be one RVSession object in the file rv RVSession 1 session string viewNod
33. of FFMPEG as a libquicktime plugin to decode H 264 video and AAC audio Source code for FFMPEG is included with RV on linux We build FFMPEG with the flags generated by its configure script but we do not use its make files RV via the ffmpeg libquicktime plugin uses only a small portion of FFMPEG These portions are restricted to the codecs for which Tweak Software has a license namely the AVC1 H 264 video and AAC audio codecs for decoding only the MPEG4 codecs generally 1 4 FreeType RV uses FreeType for rendering text on the image view 123 APPENDIX I OPEN SOURCE COMPONENTS I 5 Libtiff RV uses version 3 10 0 of libtiff as to read and write TIFF files and EXIF jpeg metadata Libtiff is copyrighted as follows Copyright c 1988 1997 Sam Leffler Copyright c 1991 1997 Silicon Graphics Inc I 6 LibEXIF RV uses libexif LGPL to decode EXIF tags in JPEG files I 7 Libjpeg RV uses the Independent JPEG Group s free JPEG software library to decode jpeg I 8 OpenJPEG RV uses OpenJPEG to decode and encode JPEG 2000 files and codecs 1 9 OpenEXR RV uses the the OpenEXR library The source code for the library and tools can be found on the OpenEXR website http www openexr com 1 10 GraphicsMagick RV uses GraphicsMagick as a plug in for reading various file formats on linux The RV GM plugin Copyright C 2003 GraphicsMagick Group an organization dedicated to making software imaging solu tions free
34. out points to the next pair of marks so you can loop over that part of the timeline If no marks are set many of these navigation options interpret the boundaries between sources as virutal marks so that even without marking you can easily step from one source to the next etc 1 2 6 Color RV provides fine grained control over color management Subsequent sections of this manual describe the RV color pipeline and options with a fair amount of technical detail RV supports file LUTs per source and and overall display LUT as well as a completely customizable source setup function described in the RV Reference Manual For basic operation however you may find that the built in hardware conversions can do everything you need A common example is playing a QuickTime movie that has baked in sRGB together with an EXR sequence stored as linear floating point RV can bring the QuickTime into linear space using 7 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION the menu command Color gt sRGB and then the whole session can be displayed to the monitor using the menu command View gt sRGB LUTs can be loaded into RV by dragging and dropping them onto the RV window through the File gt Import menus and on the command line using the f1ut 11ut dlut and pclut options 1 2 7 Menus Help and Hot Keys RV s Help menu contains a link to launch the RV Manual this document along with links to RV release notes the draft Mu Users Manual and some add
35. output file to be nuke_tmp_flip 04d rgb and change them to nuke_tmp_flip 04d exr 2 Edit the rv_this py script from above to specify any rv options you wish to set as your viewing defaults For example you could un comment the script lines that will apply gamma 2 2 or enable sRGB or you could specify a file or display LUT for RV to use 112 APPENDIX C USING RV AS NUKE S FLIP BOOK PLAYER Run RV as flipbook Copyright c 2007 The Foundry Visionmongers Ltd All Rights Reserved import platform import sys import os path import re import thread import nuke rv_path if ev pathi Gn try rv_path os environ RV_PATH except if platform system in Windows Microsoft rv_path C Program Files Tweak RV 3 10 bin rv exe elif platform system in Darwin Apple rv_path Applications RV64 app Contents MacOS RV else IA Wiel def rv_this node start end incr global rv_path if not os access rv_path os X_OK raise RuntimeError RV cannot be executed s rv_path filename nuke filename node if filename is None or filename raise RuntimeError RV cannot be executed on s expected to find a filename and there was none node fullName sequence_interval str start str end os path normpath filename isStereo False ces 1 rv_path os path normpath rv_path if platform system in Wind
36. performance The file format used can also have an impact on the number of threads OpenEXR in particular has its own threaded decoder It may be necessary to leave some cores free to decode only With Quicktime movies the codec becomes important when using multiple threads For single frame codecs like Photo JPEG using many threads is advantagous For H 264 and similar inter frame codecs using a single thread is usually the best bet If your storage hardware has high latency for instance network storage vs local disk you may find that it makes sense to have more reader threads than cores This is because the high latency means that most reader threads will sit in IO wait states and not compete for CPU cycles In general in network storage situations it makes sense to start with a number of reader threads equal to cores 1 or cores 2 and then increase the number of reader threads until you see a drop in performance Also note that it is dificult to test this kind of performance since a modern operating system will cache pages read from the network or disk in a RAM filesystem cache On Linux you can clear the page cache by typing shell gt echo 1 gt proc sys vm drop_caches As root 11 2 Internal Software Operations Some operations occur in software in RV For example when you read images in at a reduced resolution the image has to be resampled in software When software operations are being performed on incoming images it s a goo
37. purchase additional file format plug ins which allow RV to read even more This chapter is an overview of the most important formats and how RV uses them You can have RV dump out all of the formats and codecs which it understands on the command like by giving it the formats option shell gt rv formats If you don t see a codec or container format in the list then RV doesn t support it without installing one or more plug ins 12 1 Movie File Formats Movie files are single files which contain many images and often audio These are often called container file formats because they usually specify how to store data but not how it should be used In most cases that includes compression methods play back algorithms or even what the meaning of the data in the container is Container file formats have additional sub formats called codecs which determine things like compression and methods of play back So even though a program like RV might be able to open a container file and look inside it it might not understand one or more of the codecs which are being used in the container In some cases the codec might be proprietary or meant to be used with a specific piece of software or hardware 12 1 1 Stereo Movie Files Most movie file formats can have multiple tracks When RV reads a movie file with two or more tracks it uses the first two tracks as the left and right eye when in stereo mode You can create these files using the Apple QuickT
38. quality audio The Device Packet Size and Cache Packet Size can be changed but not all output modules support arbitrary values The default values are recommend The Min Max Buffer Size determines how much audio RV will cache ahead of the display frame Ideally these numbers are low Keep Audio Device Open When Not Playing should usually be set to ON There are very few cicumstances in which its a good idea to turn this off When the value is OFF RV may skip frames and audio when playback starts and can become unstable On some linux distributions turning this OFF will result in no audio at all after the first play Hardware Audio and Video Synchronization determines which clock RV will use to sync video and audio When on RV will use the audio hardware clock if one is available otherwise it will use a CPU timer in software In most cases this should be left ON RV can usually detect when the audio clock is unstable or inaccurate and switch to the CPU timer automatically However if playback with audio appears jerky even when caching is on it might be worth turning it off 4 5 2 Audio on RV for Linux Linux presents special challenges for multimedia applications and audio is perhaps the worst case RV audio works well on Linux in many cases but may be limited in others RV supports special configuration options so that users can get the best audio functionality possible within the limitations of the vintage and flavor of Linux being used See the
39. rotation as a parameter To frame the image automatically pan and zoom it to fit the current window dimensions hit the f key If the image has a rotation it will remain rotated To precisely scale the image you can use the menu Image Scale to apply one of the preset scalings Selected 1 1 will draw one image pixel at every display pixel 2 1 will draw 1 image pixel as 4 display pixels etc 4 3 2 Inspecting Pixel Values The pixel inspector widget can be accessed from the Toools menu or by holding down Shift and clicking the left mouse button The inspector will appear showing you the source pixel value at that point on the image see Figure 4 6 If you drag the mouse around over the image while holding down the shift key the inspector widget will also show you an average value see Figure 4 7 You can move the widget by clicking on it and dragging To remove inspector widget from the view either movie the mouse to the top left corner of the widget and click on the close button that appears or toggle the display with the Tools menu item or hot key The inspector widget is locked to the image If you pan zoom flip flop or rotate the image the inspector will continue to point to the last pixel read If you play a sequence of images with the inspector active it will average the pixel values over time If you drag the inspector while playback occurs it will average over time and space RV shows either the source pixel values or th
40. rv file that references those materials the changes will be evident in RV The rv file is a GTO file Tools that operate on GTO files can be used on rv files C and Python source code is available for creating reading and manipulating GTO files including the ASCII GTO files used by RV See 13 5 1 1 What s in a Session A session is represented internally as a Directed Acyclic Graph DAG in which images and audio pass from the leaves to the root where they are rendered Each node in the DAG can have a number of parameters or state variables which control its behavior RV s user interface is essentially a controller which simply changes these parameters and state variables An rv file contains all of the state variables for the nodes in RV s image processing DAG A description of each of the node types can be found in the Reference Manual The DAG nodes that are visible in the user interface are called Views RV provides three default views and the ability to make views of your own In addition to any Sources you ve loaded the three views that all sessions have are the Default Sequence which shows you all your sources in order the Default Stack which shows you all your sources stacked on top of one another and the Default Layout which has all the sources arranged in a grid or a column row or any other custom layout of your own design In addition to the default views you can create any number of Sources Sequences Stacks an
41. the preferences and a resetPrefs flag that will reset all preferences to their default values The quickest way to take a look at all of RV s command line options is shell gt rv help 1 2 10 Customizing RV RV is built to be customized For many users this may be completely ignored or be limited to sharing startup scripts and RV Packages created by other users or by Tweak However for facilities who need to integrate RV into pipelines dailies systems and other applications and for technically adventurous artists customization may be the most important and coolest aspect of RV RV customization is discussed in some detail in the RV Reference Manual The starting point for customizers after reading the manuals of course is to look through the Mu source code that comes with RV The most important file is rvui mu which contains all of the menus key bindings control logic and rendering functions The RV Reference Manual and the draft Mu manual can be found under RV s help menu Note that almost all varieties of extensions to RV can be encapsulated in an RV Package which is a platform independent unit of functionality that can be shared between users or facilities and turned on or off as a unit RV Packages are discussed in Chapter8 1 3 Getting Started with RVIO 1 3 1 Converting Sequences and Audio RVIO is a powerful pipeline tool Like RV the basic operation of RVIO is very simple but advanced and complex operations are p
42. 2 12 1 4 MPEG 4 Movie Files mp4 ee eee 84 12 1 5 Windows AVI Files avi ee ee 84 12 1 6 Windows Media Files wmv oooccccccecoscs eee eee ee 84 12 1 7 F s moviepeoe Format movieprec cacc cairia sas o ee eS 84 12 2 Image Pile Porras usuaria o e EEE ai de DS a e e e ae iadan A 85 Pd SUR ri a A e Mean ee BR A AE AAA 2 85 TERR TIFF carcasa a a a a a a card 86 13 33 DPR Cad DIO oa a ae PERE E Aa RARA 86 PRATS LEM rr al dr dd ee 87 A EE A 87 12 26 RAW Camera Porat ir rar eee ee ae ae ae 87 12 5 Audio File Formats osco o 25 5608 A Soke eo e SEE SoS eS 87 124 Simple ASCI EDL Format oo idoneidad Eh ead ea ee 87 13 RV File Format 89 13 1 How RV Uss GTO eorr cee ee a ee Ew ee ea ee es 89 13 2 Nee coni ae ee oe a eh EGS Doda ee Ee eee ee Se ee 90 13 34 Simple Beagle oada ee ee eee a a I 90 13 4 Per Source and Display Color Settings and LUT Files o o 91 13 5 Information Global to the Session cocida a A 93 LoT re ke kk A A de dd AE ee eles laid acd 93 Tol Deant WIG ec ee eG eRe ee PPE Ee ee este ee 94 13 7 Creating a Session File for Custom Review 000 ee ee eee 94 etal BV SSQUEES no ee es BARA RR REESE ELE Re ORR Do A 96 13 7 2 RVLayoutGroup and RVStackGroup ee es 98 13 8 Limitations on Number of Open Files 2 0 ee a aai 98 13 9 What s the Best Way to Write a rv GTO File 2 2 ee ee esac 98 14 RVIO 99 14 1 Base Usam oy ge So ok a a o da ee eee O
43. 2 OpenEXR 24 FPS 2048x1556 3 Y RY BY 16 bit Floating Point B44 and B44A From Disk OpenEXR decoding benefits from more cores For best results a 4 or 8 core machine is required B44 2k full aperture 4 2 0 sampled files are approximately 4Mb in size so they don t require as much bandwidth as DPX files of the same resolution For 4 4 4 sampled or B44A with an alpha channel more bandwidth and cores may be required Generally speaking you should have about as much bandwidth as similar DPX playback would require When decoding EXR files you have the option of setting both the number of reader threads in RV and the number of decoder threads used by the EXR libraries The exact numbers depend on the flavor of B44 A files being decoded 11 4 3 Individual Desktop Review For individual desktop review the best quality and economy is undoubtably the use of quicktime movies encoded with the Photo JPEG codec RV can play these back and create them on all three platforms The image quality is good and the interactivity with the file is excellent unlike H 264 which is slower when accessed randomly If large quicktimes are needed RV can use multiple threads to decode the quicktime movies efficiently Many workstations can handle playback of 2k and 1080p Photo JPEG quicktime movies from the desktop using RV 81 Chapter 12 File Formats Each platform has a different set of file formats which RV can read by default In addition its possible to download or
44. Ctrl Shift 1 2 3 Wheel Function l Toggle Play ij Toggle Play Direction 2 Scrub Frames 2 Scrub Frames 2 Scrub Frames 10x o 2 Scrub Frames 100x o 2 Zoom O Translate O Translate O Translate Translate Maya style e e e Zoom Maya style l Inspect Pixel O Average Pixels i Pop up Menu Table 4 4 Basic Mouse Bindings e held 2 drag left and right push without drag drag any direction Mouse button 1 is normally the left mouse button and button 3 is normally the right button on two button mice Button 2 is either the middle mouse button or activated by pushing the scroll wheel on mice that have them 39 Chapter 5 The Session and the Session Manager 5 1 RV Session Each viewer window represents an RV session A session is composed of one or more source movies frame markers image transforms color corrections and interactive states like caching and playback speed The source movies are combined according to the session type The default RV session type is sequence which plays back the source movies one after another An RV session can be saved as an rv file The rv file contains the entire state of its image processing tree all of the variables that determine how it will work as well as information about frame ranges in out points etc The rv file stores references to movie files and images it does not make copies of them If you change source material on disk and load an
45. Cut in frame for this source in default EDL out int Cut out frame for this source in default EDL noMovieAudio Disable source movie s baked in audio aka nma Table 3 2 Per Source Command Line Options 21 Chapter 4 User Interface The goal of RV s user interface is to be minimal in appearance but complete in function By default RV starts with no visible interface other than a menu bar and the timeline and even these can be turned off from the command line or preferences While its appearance is minimal its interaction is not almost every key on the keyboard does something and its possible to use key chords and prefiz keys to extend this further The main menu and pop up menus allow access to most functions and provide hot keys where available RV makes one window per session Each window has two main components the viewing area where images and movies are shown and the menu bar On OS X the menu bar will appear at the top of the screen like most native OS X applications On Linux and Windows each RV window has its own attached menu bar See Figure 4 1 A single RV process can control multiple independent sessions on all platforms On the Mac and Windows it is common that there be only a single instance of RV running On Linux it is common to have multiple separate RV processes running Many of the tools that RV provides are heads up widgets The widgets live in the image display are or are connected to the image i
46. Flip and Image Flop and rotation to move the images into the correct position AAA 45 dice_left tif Frame 1 Figure 9 8 Flipping One Eye 71 Chapter 10 Networking RV implements a simple chat like network protocol over TCP IP Network connections can be between two RVs or between a custom program and RV The protocol is documented in the reference manual This chapter discusses how to make network connections how network permissions work and how to synchronize two RVs using networking Note that just turning on networking and establishing a connection doesn t actually do anything in RV But this step is necessary before any of the features that use the networking can start Some of the things you can do with networking include synchronizing to RV sessions across a network sending pixels from another program to RV e g a RenderMan display driver or controlling RV from another program remote control Sync is part of RV but remote control and sending pixels must be implemented in another program RV comes with source code to a program called rvshell which shows you how to write software that connects with RV and controls playback remotely as well as sending images to RV over the connection Some other applications are using special devices to control RV like apple remote control for example or controlling RV as an embedded playback component in a custom application on Linux The reference manual has documentation about the net
47. However in this case you need to replace Shake s program shkv with RV s shkv_rv Make sure you make a back up of shkv before you attempt this D 1 Replacing shkv app on OS X 1 Find the application shkv app This will be right next to shake app in the Shake folder in Applications if you didn t move it 2 In the finder use the contextual menu to Show Package Contents Open the Contents folder Open the MacOS folder Make a copy of shkv Copy RV s shkv_rv from RV app Contents MacOS shkv_rv to this folder AE Oh ey A Rename shkv_rv to shkv You made a copy of shkv right 115 Appendix E RV Audio on Linux E 1 Overview Linux suffers from historically poor support for audio and from a variety of sometimes incompatible audio frameworks RV provides multiple audio modules so users can get the most audio functionality available given the constraints imposed by the Linux kernel version the available audio frameworks and the other audio applications in use Potential user issues with audio on Linux are choppy playback clicking dead spots drop outs or high latency it takes a breath s worth of time to start playing Both of these issues are extremely annoying and it is even worse when they both occur Ideally latency is nearly 0 for high quality audio and drop outs never occur To make matters worse there are two completely different audio drivers for Linux OSS and ALSA Only one of these can be present at a time
48. I EDL Format Each line of the ASCII file is either blank a comment or an edit event A comment starts with a character and continues until the end of a line A comment can appear on the same line as an edit event The format of an edit event is SOURCE START END where SOURCE is a the path to a logical source movie such as some path to foo mov some path to bar 1 100 exr some other_path baz 1 100 exr Note that the SOURCE name must always be in double quotes If the path includes spaces you do not need to use special escape characters to make sure they are accepted So this some place with spaces foo mov 87 CHAPTER 12 FILE FORMATS is OK START and END are frame numbers in the movie Note that START is the first frame to be include in the clip and END is the last frame to be included not as in some edl formats the frame after the last frame For QuickTime mov files or avi files the first frame of the file is frame 1 Here s an example rvedl file 4 source movies movies foo mov 1 100 movies bar mov 20 50 movies render 1 100 KE ASEO movies with a space exr 1 25 88 Chapter 13 RV File Format The RV file format rv is a text GTO file GTO is an open source file format which stores arbitrary data mostly for use in computer graphics applications The text GTO format is meant to be simple and human readable Its hel
49. RV 3 10 User Manual Tweak Software http www tweaksoftware com 14th September 2010 Contents 1 Introduction A 2 4660 2240 24 GREE 2GGE EERE Gee eR PEER ee bas ee dau w La CE aned PAL ES ete es eR a eG DA RO ee Ee ee eS 1 2 1 Loading Media and Saving Sessions e eee eee eee oe CAHIR ce ek ee ae ee A EEE A RR A A 123 Sources and Layers bio do a a e a Ra EES Lee BY VEVE a ooed dba AAA AAA ADD FS a 5 L25 Marking aid Navigating gt ooa 2444 6 puia a aaa a AAA LAG OE ss a a a a A ARA L27 Menus Help and Hot Keys 2 6 ee be ee ee eA a as 1 2 8 Parameter Editing and Virtual Sliders o ec i ican a aaa d awaa E a a a aA 1 2 9 Preferences and Command Line Parameters oaoa a 12410 Custominng RV caza Mw teuai gae e A a aaoi LS Getting Started With BVI oa raos ee ee AAA E A eee 1 3 1 Converting Sequences and Audio 0 0 0 0 6 64 ee sas ee ee ee es Lss Processing RY Session PUES oo he eee a daa tee Aaa 1 3 3 Slates Mattes Watermarks etc 2 2 2 ee ee 2 Installation Gol ABE A o BERS So eee ee ee eee Ss SS A A II ee ae Ee Ee BS a ee Gage Bee a Patel SQUIFSIMEO S a2 a4 444 ba OAD eR oe hae ea ee ap es 22 2 Installation and License oo i a aaaea eG RA A E A 223 Bimichure of RY on UBA ccoo near a a oS o a apc the Bee Be as an tar aes ann he Ge Ge ge Pe gk gk ee ee ee des e E Peck Regurements coca Foe oda dee ee a ee eee Ye wa 20 2 Installation and License os nce gee KR AS RoR RE OOS He Dee Act or RY cai Line
50. RVSource Group objects e An RVDisplayColor object one per file which indicates monitor gamma any display LUT being used and possibly the actual LUT data which is part of the RVDisplayGroup e A connections object which contains connections between the top level group nodes The file only stores the top level connections connections within group nodes are determined by the group node at runtime Normally RV will write out all objects to the session file but it does not require all of them to create a session from scratch For example if you have a file with a single RVFileSource object in it RV will use that and create default objects for everything else So when creating a file without RV its not a bad idea to only include information that you need instead of replicating the output of RV itself This helps make your code future proof as well The order in which the objects appear in the file is not important You can also include information that RV does not know about if you want to use the file for other programs as well 89 CHAPTER 13 RV FILE FORMAT 13 2 Naming The names of objects in the session are not visible to the user however they must follow certain naming naming conventions There is a separate user interface name for top level nodes which the user does see The user name can be set by creating a string property on a group node called ui name e If the object is a group node type other than a source or di
51. S AS 99 14 1 1 Image Sequence Format Conversion aasa saaa coac aa ee eee 99 14 1 2 Image sequence to QuickTime Movie Conversion 204 99 141 4 Resina and Seale co ke eee AAA a AA 99 14 1 4 Adding Audio to Movies 2 ee ee ee eee ee a 99 142 Adyanced Usage os sr kakeen Ra PEE EER a ee 101 CONTENTS 14 2 1 Editing SEQUETESS ooo a AA A a DE DS oars 14 2 2 Processing RV Session Files coso coso res Ee ee REDE ae 14 2 3 Advanced Image Conversions 0 ee ee Wa CUTS cora TA A ek a a OA BS SS BG A 14 2 5 Pixel Storage Formats and Channel Mapping 000 14 2 6 Advanced QuickTime Movie Conversions 000 002 ee eee 14 2 7 Audio Conversiones 4 04 6 066 2b be dnd ee eee ad Bee ee we 14 2 8 Stereoscopic and Multiview Conversions 00 a e eae 14 2 9 Slates Mattes Watermarks and Burn ins 0 000 e une 15 RVLS A Stereo Setup AL BAM aie we oh ede eek A ee Oe ee a ee ie ae ees A2 Mae OSA and Widows oa i ee eee ARE ae ee a ee a A The RVLINK Protocol Using RV as a URL Handler 8 1 Using rtm URS occ ee eee ek be ee ee SEES a B2 Installing the Protocol Handler o coce a aeo ee OG ee ke Saw a B 3 Testing the Protocol Handler 2 202 404 56 8 bb mata ses a Using RV as Nuke s Flip Book Player D Using RV as Shake s Flip Book Player ma F Dol Replacing shky appon OSK 2 4 bh hh ee Re eee Eee Eee ee eee bd RV Audio on Linux A cs Sue ee
52. Stack 5 y LAYOUTS y LAYOUTS ER Layout of 4 views Sequence EDL Output Size 1920 Output FPS 24 x 1080 Stack M Size Determined from Inputs 5 Output Size 1920 x 1080 M Fill View with Content 2 PEE a A Output FPS 24 Automatic EDL Creation M Size Determined from Inputs M Use Source Cut Information M Retime inputs to Output FPS Audio All Inputs Mixed _ Align Start Frames M Use Source Cut Information M Retime inputs to Output FPS Layout of 4 views gt BB Latest Takes 8 30 BB Default Sequence y STACKS E stack of shot 1a and shot 1 E Default Stack y LAYOUTS Layout of 4 views ER Default Layout an Composite open Stack Output Size 1920 x 1080 Output FPS 24 Inputs M Size Determined from Inputs Audio All Inputs Mixed _ Align Start Frames M Use Source Cut Information M Retime inputs to Output FPS wose Packed FE CHAPTER 5 THE SESSION AND THE SESSION MANAGER 5 6 1 Sequence Views A Sequence view plays back its inputs in the order specified in the Inputs tab of the the Squence interface The order can be changed by dragging and dropping in the Inputs or by selecting and using the arrow keys to the right of the list of Inputs An input can be removed dropped from the sequence by selecting the input and then clicking the trashcan button In addition to t
53. The input values are in the 0 1 range but the output values are unbounded Channel LUTs differ from 3D LUTs in one critical way they can only modify channel values indepen dently of one another In other words e g the output value of the red channel can only be a result of the 61 CHAPTER 7 USING LUTS IN RV Pre LUT is Optional gt inf inf inf inf Input Matrix Channel LUT Figure 7 1 3D and Channel LUT Components incoming red value In a 3D LUT this is not the case the output value of the red channel can be dependent on any or all of the input red green and blue values This is sometimes called channel cross talk The other important difference between channel and 3D LUTs is the number of samples Channel LUTs are one dimensional and therefor consume much less memory than 3D LUTs Because of this channel LUTs can have more samples per channel than 3D LUTs The implication of all this is that channel LUTs are useful for representing functions like gamma or log to linear which don t involve cross talk between channels whereas 3D LUTs are good for representing more general color transforms and simulating physical output like film 3D LUTs can be very memory intensive A 64 x 64 x 64 LUT requires 64 x 4 bytes of data 3Mb You can quickly run out of memory for your image on the graphics card by making the 3D LUT too big e g 128 x 128 x 128 this will slow RV down RV does not require the
54. VA to RGBA in hardware is an optimization that can result in faster playback on some platforms SNote that the color inspector will convert these values to normalized RGBA 54 CHAPTER 6 HOW A PIXEL GETS FROM A FILE TO THE SCREEN conversion parameters Alternately if the image was created with a Grass Valley Viper FilmStream camera you should use the Viper log conversion The Kodak Log conversion can produce values in range 0 713 5 To see values outside of 0 1 use the exposure feature to stop down image A value of 3 72 for relative exposure will show all possible output values of the Kodak log to linear conversion 6 5 5 File Gamma Correction If the image is stored in video or gamma space you can convert to linear by applying a gamma correction RV has two gamma transforms one for linearization and one for display correction The linearization gamma doubles as a color correction The gamma color correction can be activated via Color Gamma When an image is stored in gamma space it typically is transformed by the formula c7where y is the gamma value and c is the channel value When transforming back to linear space it s necessary to apply the inverse c7 Both of RV s gamma functions apply the formula c 6 5 6 sRGB to Linear Color Space Conversion If an image or movie file was encoded in sRGB space with the intention of making it easy to view with non color aware software RV can convert it to linear on t
55. a file or sequence the 1 option can be used this will show each file or sequence on a separate line with the image width and height channel bit depth and number of channels For movie files and audio files additional information about the audio like the sample rate and number of channels will be displayed shell gt rvls W X 623 1600 1024 2048 3892 64 5892 640 640 x x xem mM Me MX KX to see certain files shell gt ls 2 render_maya render_maya render_maya render_maya render_maya render_maya render_maya render_maya render_maya render_maya shell gt rvls render_maya L h 20d LOL 680 1556 4800 64 4992 486 480 A Gor Gol Gor Gs file AIGLE ASA best p sheet Burial causal common colorw colour in a directory as a sequence IEE E MORTER 2 alse ae SE Al aL abst Do aL dE dE Go LEE Taali Sy al ge se OEE Soliti L 105 GALIE iE 6218_5514bbc63a_o J3Jpg icture jpg hi 90 exr Mount psd 9 bw sense psd heel 685 cin bars smpte 75 640x480 tiff lYou can use RVLS to create image sequence completions in bash or tesh for rv and RVIO See the reference manual for an CHAPTER 15 RVLS a Show hidden files S Show sequences only no non sequence member files l Show long listing x Show extended attributes and image structure b Use brute force if no reader found nr Do not show frame ranges ns Do not
56. ac which allows RV to read WMV files via QuickTime Unfortunately we don t yet support this format on Linux or Windows There is no WMV plug in for QuickTime on Windows 12 1 7 RV s movieproc Format movieproc The movieproc format is not really a file format all of the information about the pixels is encoded in the name of the file So the file doesn t even need to exist on disk to use it You might use a movieproc as a source if you need a procedural movie object like color bars or a hold on a black or other solid color frame in in a sequence The syntax of the file name is a follows TYPE OPTION VALUE OPTION VALUE OPTION VALUE movieproc where TYPE is one of solid or smptebars and OPTION and VALUE are one of those listed in 12 1 For example the following will show color bars with a 1000Hz tone smptebars audio sine freq 1000 start 1 end 30 fps 30 movieproc and to make 100 black HD 1080 frames solid start 1 end 100 fps 24 width 1920 height 1080 movieproc or for an orange frame solid red 1 green 5 blue 0 width 1920 height 1080 movieproc Anywhere you might use a normal file or sequence name in RV or RVIO you can use a movieproc instead 84 CHAPTER 12 FILE FORMATS Option Value start frame number end frame number fps frames per second e g 30 or 29 97 inc frame increment default is 1 red green blue floating point value inf inf alpha floating point value 0 1 w
57. ace 47 Chapter 6 How a Pixel Gets from a File to the Screen RV has a well defined image processing pipeline which is implemented as a combination of software and hardware using the GPU when possible Figure 6 1 shows the pixel pipeline 6 1 Image Layers Each image source may be composed of one or more layers Layers may come from multiple files or a single file if the file format supports it or a combination of the two For example a stereo source can be constructed from a left and right movie file in that case each file is a layer Alternately layers may come from a single file as would be the case with a stereo QuickTime file or EXR images with left and right layers An image source may have any number of layers By default only the first layer is visible in RV unless an operation exposes the additional layers 6 1 1 Stereo Layers RV has a number of stereo viewing options which render image layers to a left and right eye image The left and right eye images are both layers RV doesn t require any specific method of storing stereo images you can store them in a single movie file as multiple tracks as multiple movie files or as multiple image sequences You can even have one eye be a completely different format than the other if necessary Stereo viewing is discussed in Chapter 9 6 2 Image Attributes RV tries to read as many image attributes as possible from the file RV may also add attributes to the image to indicate thin
58. ace The file name of that kind of LUT might be log2sRGB or something similar A variation on that same type of LUT might include an additonal component that simulates the look of the pixels when projected from a particular type of film stock Strictly speaking you do not need to use log to sRGB LUTs with RV because it implements these functions itself and they are exact not approximated So ideally if you require film output simulation you have a LUT which only does that one transform Of course this is often not the case the world of LUT formats is a complicated one 7 4 1 RSR csp LUT Format Currently the best LUT format for use with RV is the csp format This format handles high dynamic range input and output as well as non linear and linear pre LUTs It maps most closely to RV s internal LUT functions There is one type of csp file which RV does not handle a channel LUT with a non linear pre LUT This is probably a very rare beast since an equivalent 1D LUT can be created with a linear pre LUT An error will occur if you attempt to use a channel LUT with a non linear pre LUT 63 CHAPTER 7 USING LUTS IN RV When RV reads a pre LUT from this file format and it can determine that the pre LUT is linear it will convert the pre LUT into a matrix and apply it as the LUT input matrix In that case the non linear channel pre LUT is not needed If the pre LUT is non linear in any channel RV will construct a channel LUT which is use
59. ally be accessible via the default device list under different names like front CARD xxxx DEV n from above Unlike the default list of devices the hardware devices will shut out other software from using the audio even on systems using the PulseAudio sound server E 4 PortAudio The PortAudio back end is more or less the same one used by versions of RV prior to 3 6 PortAudio supports most hardware and some plugin devices from ALSA includes an OSS interface and can talk to the JACK server directly Unfortunately on some newer systems the method used by PortAudio when interfacing with ALSA is not stable We recommend using the ALSA back ends directly instead of PortAudio For OSS PortAudio is currently the only choice If your system requires the use of the OSS API you should be able to access it via the PortAudio back end 2The term Safe here refers to the subset of the ALSA API deemed safe to use in the presence of PulseAudio Programs that use features that PulseAudio cannot intercept will cause inconsistant audio availability or unstable output Use of hardware devices in the presence of PulseAudio can prevent other applications from using the audio driver whether they be ALSA or OSS based 117 Appendix F Troubleshooting Networking Connections only work from one direction or are always refused Some operating systems have a firewall on by default that may be blocking the port RV is trying to use When
60. amut for the given number of bits For example an eight bit per channel image would have luminance values of 0 255 For Motion JPEG a reduced color gamut is assumed On hardware that cannot support hardware conversion RV will convert the image in software You can tell which method RV is using by looking at the image info If the display channels are YUVA the image is being decoded in hardware On Linux this option must be specified when RV is started using the yuv flag 6 5 4 Log to Linear Color Space Conversion When RV reads a 10 bit Cineon or DPX file it converts 10 bit integer pixel values into 16 bit integer values which are typically in a logarithmic color space In order to correctly view one of these images it is necessary to transform the 16 bit values into linear space RV has two transforms for this conversion You can access the function via the Color menu from the menu bar For standard Cineon DPX RV uses the default Kodak 3The values in Cineon files are more complex than stated here Color channel values are stored as code values which correspond to printing density not luminance as is the case with most other image file formats Furthermore the conversion to linear printing density is parameterized and these parameters can vary depending on the needs of the user See the Kodak documentation on the Cineon format for a more detail description 4This could mean NTSC color space or something else 5Conversion of YU
61. ate outdatarate These are used by Apple QuickTime encoders for formats such as H 264 shell gt rvio foo tga codec H 264 outkeyinteval 20 outdatarate 2500000 o foo mov quality 1 0 14 2 7 Audio Conversions RVIO can operate directly on audio files and can also add or extract audio to from QuickTime movies RVIO provides flags to set the audio codec sample rate storage format 8 16 and 32 bits storage type int float and number of output channels RVIO does high quality resampling using 32 bit floating point operations RVIO will mix together multiple audio files specified in a layer Sheil TAO LOO MO O LOO ade ft shell gt rvio foo mov o foo aiff audiorate 22050 shell gt rvio foo exr foo aiff bar wav codec H 264 quality 1 0 audiocodec Apple Lossless audiorate 44100 Sado qual O OR EDO MON 14 2 8 Stereoscopic and Multiview Conversions RV and RVIO support stereoscopic playback and conversions RVIO can be used to create stereo QuickTime files or multiview OpenExr files Weta s SXR files by specifying two input layers and using the outstereo flag Stereo QuickTime movies contain multiple video tracks RV interprets the fist two tracks as left and right views RVIO will also render output using stereo modes specified in an RV session file this allows you to output anaglyph images from stereo inputs or to render out scanline or alternating pixel stereo material
62. ate can be specified in the Output FPS field This is the frame rate that is used as the default for any RVIO output of this group and is also passed to any view for which this group is an input The output FPS is initialized from the default frame rate of the first input added to the group If Retime Inputs to Output FPS is checked inputs whose native frame rate differs from the group s output fps will be retimed so that they play correctly at the output fps That is a real time pull up down will be performed on the video and the audio will be resampled to play at the output fps while preserving pitch As long as Use Source Cut Information is checked in the Group interface the group will adopt the editorial cut in out information provided by the sources see Section 5 5 This is particularly useful in the case of sequences but also comes up with stacks and layouts when for example you want to compare a matching region of movies with different overall frame ranges 44 CHAPTER 5 THE SESSION AND THE SESSION MANAGER Session Manager Latest Takes 8 30 E shot 1 shot 2 E shot 3 E shot 4 E shot 1a y SEQUENCES Latest Takes 8 30 Session Manager Cy Stack of shot la and shot 1 E shot 1 E shot 2 shot 3 E shot 4 E shot la y SEQUENCES BB Latest Takes 8 30 5 Default Sequence B Default Sequence y STACKS y STACKS Stack of shot la and shot 1 Stack of shot la and shot 1 E Default Stack E Default
63. atever single frame rate is currenly in use 3 2 5 Source Layer Caveats and Capabilities There are a number of things you should be aware of when using source layers In most cases RV will attempt to do something with what you give it However if your input is logically ambiguous the result may be different than what you expect Here are some things you should avoid using in layers of a single source e Images or movies with differing frame rates e Images or movies with different image or pixel aspect ratios e Images or movies which require special color correction for only one eye e Images or movies stored with differing color spaces e g cineon log images jpeg Here are some things that are OK to do with layers e Images with different resolutions but the same image aspect ratio e Images with different bit depths or number of channels or chroma sampling 18 CHAPTER 3 COMMAND LINE USAGE e Audio files with different sample rates or bit depths e Mixing movies with audio and separate audio files An image sequence for one eye and a movie for the other e A movie with audio for one eye and a movie without audio for the other Audio files with no imagery 3 3 Directories as Input If you give RV the name of a directory instead of a single file or an image sequence it will attempt to interpret the contents of the directory RV will find any single images image sequences or single movie files that it can and present them as ind
64. ay to Write a rv GTO File GTO comes in three types text UTF8 or ASCIT binary and compressed binary RV can read all three types RV normally writes text files unless an RVImageSource is present in the session because an image was sent to it from another process instead of a file In that case it will write a compressed binary GTO to save space on disk If you think you might want to generate binary files in addition to text files you can do so using the GTO API in C or python However the text version is simple enough to write using only regular I O APIs in any language We recommend you write out rv session files from RV and look at them in an editor to generate templates of the portions that are important to you You can copy and paste parts of session files into source code as strings or even shell scripts as templates with variable subsititution 98 Chapter 14 RVIO RVIO is a command line re mastering tool it converts image sequence audio files and movie files from one format into another including possible bit depth and image color and size resolution changes RVIO can also generate custom slate frames add per frame information and matting directly onto output images and change color spaces to a limited extent RVIO supports all of the same movie image and audio formats that RV does including the rv session file RV session files rv can be used to specify compositing operations split screens tiling color correc
65. bor and linear filtering Digression on Resampling It s important to know about image filtering because of the way in which RV uses the graphics hardware When an image is resampled as it is when zoomed in and the resampling method produces interpolated pixel values correct results are really only obtained if the image is in linear space Because of the way in which the graphics card operates image resizing occurs before operations on color This sequence can lead to odd results with non linear space images if the linear filter is used e g cineon files There are two solutions to the problem use the nearest neighbor filter or convert the image to linear space before it goes to the graphics card The only downside with the second method is that the transform must happen in software which is usually not as fast Of course this only applies to images that are not already in linear space 21f you want to put a positive spin on it you could say you re using a non linear resampling method on purpose The results are only incorrect if you meant to do something else 28 CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE Figure 4 10 Floating point linear 8 bit linear and 8 bit nearest neighbor filtering Graphics hardware does not always correctly apply linear filtering to floating point images Filtering can dramatically change the appearance of certain types of images In this case the image is composed of dense lines and is zoomed out scaled down
66. change the configuration 10 1 2 Starting a Connection To start networking and have RV accept connection just hit the Start Network button Once running the status indicator in the bottom left hand corner of the dialog will show you the network status and the number of active connections which starts out as 0 There are two ways to initiate a new connection by pressing the Connect button at the bottom of the dialog or by selecting a known address on the Contacts page Using the Connect button will show another dialog asking for the host name of the machine to connect to Using this method RV will not care which user it finds at the other end of the connection If RV does not yet have record of the user it finds it will create one YOO RV Networking 1 Contact Name jimh Hostname gora Port 45124 Running E Connect Stop Network 3 0 Connections _ 1 Status Figure 10 2 Network Dialog Starting a Connection 10 1 3 Contacts and Permissions If networking is on and a connection is initiated by another party RV will ask whether or not you want the connection to occur At that point you have three choices accept the connection but ask for permission next time always accept connection from the user program that s asking or deny the connection Each new contact that RV receives whether or not you accept is recorded in the Contacts page On this page you delete existing contacts change permis
67. che Make sure realtime mode is NOT on in other words use play all frames mode Set the target FPS to something impossible like 500 fps With the preferences render pane open try playing back the frames from cache and see how fast it can go Turn on and off PBO and prefetch usage to see what happens 11 4 Playback Sweet Spots There are a few combinations of hardware and file formats which lead to overall better performance A couple of those are documented here 80 CHAPTER 11 MAXIMIZING PERFORMANCE Nvidia Core Example Cards 10 bit EXR DPX Ci B44 A 16 neon and 8 bit float bit JPEG G8x G9Ix GeForce 8800 GT XS Excellent Excellent GT200 GeForce GTX 22x Excellent Excellent NV4z GeForce 6x00 Good No Direct Playback NV3z GeForce FX Maybe OK No Direct Playback Table 11 2 Nvidia GPUs and known sweetspots with RV for direct from disk 11 4 1 24 FPS 2048x1556 10 Bit DPX From Disk To achieve 24 fps DPX playback from disk at least a two core CPU with a RAID or other device which can achieve miniumum sustained bandwidth of 300 Mb sec across the whole array and sufficient latency and I O transactions per second Using two or more reader threads depending on the number of available cores with the look ahead cache on can result in 24 fps DPX playback This configuration should be purely bandwidth limited meaning that more bandwidth would result in higher FPS Not all configurations will work You may need to experiment 11 4
68. ckages are zip files as of RV version 3 10 they are labeled with a rvpkg extension to prevent mail programs etc from automatically unzipping them Packages can encapsulate a wide variety of features everything from setting the titile of the window automatically to implementing a paint annotation package Some of RV s internal code is also in package form prior to shipping e g the entire remote sync feature is initially constructed as a package of Mu source code but is permanently installed when shipped The package manager can be found in the preferences dialog There are two sections to the user interface the list of packages available and the description of the selected package Some packages may be hidden by default to see those packages toggle the show hidden packages button To add and remove packages use the add and remove buttons located at the bottom left The reference manual contains detailed information about how to create a package This manual does not document any packages See the Tweak Software website to download and get more information about particular packages 8 1 Package Support Path When a package is added a list of permissable directories in the support path is presented At that time you can choose which support directory to add the package to When RV starts these directories are automatically added to various paths like image I O plugins By default RV will include the application directory s plug
69. d Layouts of your own Whenever a Source is added to the session it is automatically added to the inputs of each of the default views not to user defined views 5 2 Session Manager RV 3 10 includes a new way to examine and edit the contents of an RV session called the session manager The session manager shows an outline of the session contents from which you can create mofify and edit new sequences stacks layouts and more By default the Session Manage comes up docked at the left lYou can use the gtoinfo program to view the contents of an rv file from the command line Other GTO tools like the python module can be used to edit rv files without using RV itself 40 CHAPTER 5 THE SESSION AND THE SESSION MANAGER 000 ds Session Manager e0 Session Manager q Default Sequence y q Default Sequence pu wW SOURCES W SOURCES Ea E gt E gt y SEQUENCES Default Sequence y SEQUENCES Default Sequence v STACKS V STACKS Default Stack Default Stack y LAYOUTS v LAYOUTS ER Default Layout ie N OE ry Sequence EDL 11 ft x Output Size 720 x 480 a A t 2 Output FPS 29 97 mn a 2 mM Size Determined from Inputs a ii mM Fill View with Content E ji amp M Automatic EDL Creation 3 mM Use Source Cut Information _ mM Retime Inputs to Output FPS dh A Figure 5 1 Session Manager on the Mac showing Inputs and Sequence Edit Panel The DefaultSequence is bein
70. d idea to use caching If direct from disk playback perforamnce is important than these operations should be avoided e Image resolution changes e Pre Cache LUT e Color resolution changes e g float to 8 bit int color e Cropping 79 CHAPTER 11 MAXIMIZING PERFORMANCE e Channel remapping The use of cropping can either increase or decrease performance depending on the circumstances 113 RAM The fastest playback occurs when frames are cached in your computer s RAM The more RAM you have the more frames that RV can cache and the more interactive it becomes By default RV will load images at their full bit depth and size E g a 32 bit RGBA tiff will be loaded cached and sent to the graphic card at full resolution and bit depth This gives artists the ability to inspect images with access to the full range of color information and dynamic range they contain and makes it possible to work with high dynamic range imagery However for playback and review of sequences at speed users may wish to cache images with different settings so as to fit more frames into the available RAM You increase the number of frames that will fit in the cache by having RV read the frames with reduced resolution For example reducing resolution by half can result in as many as four times the number of frames being cached Similarly reducing the color resolution can squeeze more frames into memory For example a 1024x1024 4 channel 8 bit integer image require
71. d just before the 3D LUT Input values in the csp pre LUT are normalized and the scaling is then moved to the input matrix Using a matrix when possible frees up resources for other LUTs and images in the GPU Any pre LUT in a csp file with only two values is by definition a linear pre LUT 1 CSPLUTV100 2 3D 3 4 2 5 0 13 5 6 0 1 7 ie 8 0 13 5 9 0 1 10 M2 11 0 13 5 12 0 1 13 14 In the above listing lines 4 to 12 are linear pre LUT values In this case the pre LUT values are mapping values int the range 0 13 5 down to 0 1 for processing by a 3D LUT which is not shown For a summary of the RSR csp format see appendix G For the most part its not necessary to know the distinction between a linear and non linear pre LUT in the file However the behavior of the pre LUT outside the bounds of its largest and smallest input values will be different for linear pre LUTs Since the pre LUT is represented as a matrix it will not clamp values outside the specified range Non linear pre LUTs will clamp values 64 Chapter 8 Packages There are multiple ways to customize and extend RV and allmost all these ways can be enscapusulated in an RV Package A package is a zip file with source or binary code that extends RV s feature set Packages are constructed so that they can be automatically installed and removed This makes it much easier for you to maintain RV than if you modify RV source directly Note although pa
72. dicates how all of media should be combined In this case we ve indicated the FPS of the image sequence the volume of all audio for this source and an audio slip of 1 one tenth of a second Keep in mind that FPS here is for the image sequence s in the source it has nothing to do with the playback FPS The playback FPS is independent of the input sources frame rate Aside What is the FPS of an RVFileSource Object Anyway If you write out an RV file from RV itself you ll notice that the group FPS is often 0 This is a special cookie value which indicates that the FPS should be taken from the media Movie file formats like QuickTime or AVI store this information internally So RV will use the frame rate from the media file as the FPS for the source However image sequences typically do not include this information When you start RV from the command line it will use the playback FPS as a default value for any sources created If there is no playback FPS on startup either via the command line or preferences it will default to 24 fps So its not a bad idea to include the group FPS when creating an RV file yourself when you re using image sequences If you re using a movie file format you should either use 0 for the FPS or not include it and let RV figure it out What happens when you get a mismatch between the source FPS and the playback FPS If there s no audio you won t notice anything RV always plays back every frame in
73. e defaultSequence o as i 20 SO SO O00 dling Al ran y i 10 dime P wecalom 20 50 I float fps 24 int realtime 1 int currentFrame 30 Assuming this was added to the top of our previous file with the source in it the session object now indicates the frame range 1 100 and an in and out region 20 50 which is currently active Frames 1 20 50 80 and 100 are marked and the default frame is frame 30 when RV starts up The realtime property is a flag which indicates that RV should start playback in real time mode The view node indicates what will be viewed in the session when the file is opened Note that its usually a good idea to skip the frame range boundaries unless an EDL is also specified in the file which is not the case here RV will figure out the correct range information from the source media If you force the range information to be different than the source media s you may get unexpected results Starting in version 3 10 the marks and range can also be stored on each viewable top level object For example the defaultLayout and defaultSequence can have different marks and in and out points defaultStack RVStackGroup 1 session float fps 24 int marks L J ae 2 ecuica 1 100 2010 1 int frame 1 If a group has a session component than the contents can provide an in out region marks playback fps and a current frame When the user views the group node these va
74. e Right Eye Only 2 ciara n o 71 10 Networking 72 10 1 Tue Netvork Dialog es os a ee ea ee he EERE a EE 72 WI COn RI oe a Sw OR a Pa ee ee SER Ge amp ee 73 10 12 Starting a Connection oo 0 685 4 bbb te ewe de e de a ees 73 101 3 Contacts and Permissions oo sca 54 eee ERR A a a 73 10 1 4 Networking Across the Internet 2 2 2 2 ee 74 192 Synchronizing Multiple AVS a ke ee A PLR ee ee ees 74 CONTENTS WE USE SIE ao a AA AA ADE A e amp be ews 75 11 Maximizing Performance 77 11 1 Pile 1 0 and Decoding Latency 2 2 eee sr dd deu e ee 78 11 1 1 EXR DPX JPEG Cineon TARGA and Tiff I O Methods 78 111 2 Multiple Reader Thteads ooo esperen ee a aa ee Se ee a ee A 78 11 2 Internal Software Operations 2 ee be eee 79 A TRI ta aes A OS ERED SRA eG hoo oee ad ea cee a ae ake 80 11 3 1 Pixel Buffer Objects PBOs and Prefetch occ ee ee ae ee 80 114 Playback Sweep Sele oa ta said eee hea A EGE AA Fae eS 80 11 4 1 24 FPS 2048x1556 10 Bit DPX Prom Disk ooo o coords a 81 11 4 2 OpenEXR 24 FPS 2048x1556 3 Y RY BY 16 bit Floating Point B44 and B44A From OR aaa e oe Ee eee eo eres ee Se 81 11 4 3 Individual Desktop Review 2 4 6 5 0 5 0 04456 be ed ee 81 12 File Formats 82 T21 Morte Pile Por ccs he aR Re a ee we ek ee le Dee BR 82 1211 Stereo Morie Piles wove eee ee ee A a tes 82 Te Verh Tee oe es a Be ee we A De eee ee a ee 82 12 1 3 QuickTime Movie Files mov oo o ee ee 8
75. e cache LUT is to convert the image colorspace in conjunction with a bit depth reformatting to maximize cache use For Shake users RV produces the same result as the default parameters for the LogLin node 55 CHAPTER 6 HOW A PIXEL GETS FROM A FILE TO THE SCREEN The file LUT and all subsequent LUTs are applied in hardware and are intended to be used as a conversion to the color working space usually some linear space However the file LUT can also be used for as a transform from file to display color space if desired See Chapeter 7 for more information about how LUTs work in RV 6 6 Color Correction None of the color corrections affects the Alpha channel For a good discussion on linear color corrections check out Paul Haeberli s Graphica Obscura website http www sgi com misc grafica matrix Color corrections are applied independently to each image source in an RV session For example if you have two movies playing in sequence in a session and you change the contrast it will only affect the movie that is visible when the contrast is changed If you want to apply the same color correction to all sources perform the correction in tiled mode Tools Stack Tools Tile 6 6 1 Luminance LUTs After conversion to linear pixels may be passed though a luminance look up table This can be useful when examining depth images or shadow maps RV has a few predefined luminance LUTs HSV Random and a number of contour LUTs
76. e final rendered values The source value represents the value of the pixel just after it is read from the file No transforms have been done on the pixel value at that point You can see the final pixel color the value after rendering by changing the pixel view to the final pixel value from the right click popup menu The value is normalized if the image is stored as non floating point so values in these types of images will be restricted to the 0 1 range Floating point images pass the value through unchanged so pixels can take values below zero or above one Table 6 3 shows the range of each of the channel data types 26 CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE 6 0 0 v x018_020_plate_v001 rv 18_020_plate_v001 lighter 18_020_plate_v001 Figure 4 8 RV Wipes From the right click popup menu its possible to view the pixel values as normalized to the 0 1 range or as 8 16 10 or 12 bit integer values 4 3 3 Comparing Images with Wipes Wipes allow you to compare two or more images or sequences when viewing a stack Load the images or sequences that you wish to compare into RV as sources not as layers Put RV into stack mode or create a stack view from the Session Manager and enable wipes from the Tools menu or with the F6 hot key Now you can grab on the edges of the top image and wipe them back to reveal the image below You can grab any edge or corner and you can move the entire wipe around by grabbing it in the exact center
77. e that has no name or the first layer it finds If this layer has R G B A Y RY or BY channels these will be assigned accordingly If there are no obvious channel assignments to be made to the red green and blue channels RV will take the first four channels it finds in the layer If there are additional channels you can assign these explicitly using the channel remap function in the UI under Image Remap Source Image Channels You can load more than one layer at a time by explicitly specifying the layers to load When more than one layer is loaded the EXR layers become RV layers i e there will be two independent simultaneous images RV will not mark EXR layers as being left and right eye stereo Currently there are not many uses for simultaneous layer display in RV Y RY BY Images and Subsampling By default RV will read EXR files as planar images Normally this distinction does not have any real effect at the user level but in the case of Y RY BY images which can be sub sampled it can have a big impact on playback performance EXR has two special lossy compression schemes B44 and B44A which allow fast decode of high dynamic range imagery B44 maintains a fixed size file regardless of the contents while B44A can potentially make smaller file sizes When used with Y RY BY images with sub sampled chroma the BY and RY channels RV will use the GPU to resample the chroma on the card resulting in faster throughput When coupled
78. e viewed as a sequence one after another the smaller of the two images will be scaled to fit the larger Of course if you zoom in on a high resolution image you will see detail compared to a lower resolution image When necessary you can view the image scaled so that one image pixel is mapped to each display pixel On startup RV will attempt to size the window to map each pixel to a display pixel but if that is not possible it will settle on a smaller size that fits You can always set the scale to 1 1 with the 1 hotkey and if it is possible to resize the window to contain the entire image at 1 1 scaling you can do so via the Window Fit or Window Center Fit menu items 25 CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE IMG_0313 rv z n IMG_0313 rv Figure 4 6 Color Inspector Figure 4 7 Average Color 4 3 1 Panning Zooming and Rotating You can manipulate the Pan and Zoom of the image using the mouse or the row of number keys or the keypad on an extended keyboard if numlock is on By holding down the control key apple key on a mac and the left mouse button you can zoom the image in or out by moving to the left and right By holding down the alt key or option key on a mac you can pan the image in any direction If you are accustomed to Maya camera bindings you can use those as well Rotating the image is accessible from the Image Rotation menu By selecting Image Rotation Arbitrary its possible to use the mouse to scrub the
79. each monitor in TwinView with active stereo you might add something like 1024x768 120 00 Hz GTF hsync 98 76 kHz pclk 139 05 MHz Modeline 1024x768_120 139 05 1024 1104 1216 1408 768 769 772 823 HSync Vsync In the monitor section of your X config file and then in the Screen section of your X config file specify a MetaMode like this Option MetaModes 1024x768_120 1024x768_120 Support for GLX in Xinerama This driver supports GLX when Xinerama is enabled on similar GPUs The Xinerama extension takes multiple physical X screens possibly spanning multiple GPUs and binds them into one logical X screen This allows windows to be dragged between GPUs and to span across multiple GPUs The NVIDIA driver supports hardware accelerated OpenGL rendering across all NVIDIA GPUs when Xinerama is enabled To configure Xinerama configure multiple X screens please refer to the XF86Config 5x or xorg conf 5x manpages for details The Xinerama extension can be enabled by adding the line Option Xinerama True to the ServerF lags section of your X config file Requirements It is recommended to use identical GPUs Some combinations of non identical but similar GPUs are supported If a GPU is incompatible with the rest of a Xinerama desktop then no OpenGL rendering will appear on the screens driven by that GPU Rendering will still appear normally on screens connected to other supported GPUs In this situation the X log fi
80. ed RV will only draw pixels that are visible One of the constraints that determines how big an image can be before RV will tile it is the amount of available memory in your graphics card and limitations of the graphics card driver On most systems up to 2k by 2k images can be displayed without tiling as long as the image has 8 bit integer channels In some cases newer cards the limit is 4k by 4k However there are other factors that may reduce the limit If your window system uses the graphics card like Mac OS X or Linux with the X org X server or there are other graphics intensive applications running the amount of available memory may be dependent on these processes as well Alternately because RV wants to use as much graphics memory as it can RV may cause graphics resource depletion that affects other running applications that should have higher priority Because of this RV has the capability to limit its graphics memory usage You can specify this in RV s Preferences by editing the Maximum VRAM Usage Per Tile or on the command line with the vram option If you reduce the VRAM usage RV will tile images of smaller size For sequences this may affect playback speed since tiling is slightly less efficient than not tiling Tiling also affects interactive speed on single images if tiling is not on RV can keep all of the image pixels on the graphics card If tiling is on RV has to send the pixels every time it redraws the image 3Ov
81. ed mode left and right eyes scaled to hal height and right displayed above left and Horizontal Squeezed mode left and right eye scaled to half width and right displayed to the right of left Please note that these modes will likely only look good in full screen mode and interface components that are drawn onscreen and crosee the boundary between the eyes will look pretty confusing on the stereo monitor It may help in Vertical mode to choose the Draw Timeline Over Imagery option from the timeline s config menu 9 5 Hardware Stereo Support RV can render into left and right buffers if your graphics card supports hardware stereo You can tell if this is the case by seeing if the menu item View Stereo Hardware can be selected If so RV should be able to create left and right buffers There are a number of different ways to view stereo with a standard graphics card See Chapter Afor information about how to setup each platform and what options are available at the hardware level Typically hardware support requires shutter glasses monitor or projection or polarized glasses projec tion only in order to be useful Most hardware requires a CRT monitor as opposed to an LCD in order to use stereo 9 6 Additional Stereo Operations These options can be applied per source as well as part of the global viewing stereo options The per source options can be found under the Image Stereo menu and the global view options are under View St
82. eed to add an alpha channel to a three channel RGB image to increase playback performance See Channel Remapping is controlled by the ChannelMap node The names of the channels and their order is stored in the format channels property Channel Remapping occurs when the image data in the file is converted into one of the internal image formats Note that there is overlapping functionality between Channel Remapping and Channel Reordering See 6 8 1 and Channel Isolation See 6 8 2 which are described below However Channel Remapping occurs just after pixels are read from a file Channel Reordering and Isolation occur just before the pixel is displayed and typically happen in hardware Channel Remapping always occurs in software 6 4 Crop and Uncrop Cropping an image discards pixels outside of the crop region The image size is reduced in the process This can be beneficial when loading a large number of cached images where only a small portion of the frame is interesting or useful e g a rendered element For some formats RV may be able to reduce I O bandwidth by reading and decoding pixels only within the crop region Original Image Geometry Crop Window Crop x1 y1 Crop x0 y0 0 0 Figure 6 2 Cropping Parameters Note that x1 yl are coordinates Note that the four crop parameters describe the bottom and top corners not the origin width and height So a crop of the entire image would be
83. ell as the original PortAudio back end In the case of ALSA there are two the old and safe versions The old version is meant to run on distributions which shipped with ALSA versions 1 0 13 or earlier and which do not have PulseAudio installed The safe version should work well with PulseAudio systems Unless you know that your system is using PulseAudio you should try the ALSA Old back end to start with On some systems RV will fail to load one or more of its audio modules This can occur of the API used by the module is newer than the one installed on the system For example neither CentOS 4 6 or Fedora 1Don t get confused by PortAudio versus PulseAudio They are very different things 116 APPENDIX E RV AUDIO ON LINUX Core 4 can load the ALSA safe module unless the ALSA client library is upgraded Any Linux system which uses ALSA 1 0 or newer should function with the ALSA old back end E 2 ALSA Old The ALSA Old audio back end is new in version 3 6 This back end uses a subset of the ALSA API which was present on version 1 0 of ALSA s client library Without modification it will make hardware devices directly accessible In ALSA terms these are the hw x y devices You can also add to the list of devices using an environment variable called RV_ALSA_EXTRA_DEVICES The syntax is visiblenamel alsadevicenamel visiblename2 alsadevicename2 So for example to add the dmix device set the variable to dmix dmix See the
84. elled Parts This timeline shows in and out points frame count between in and out points total frames target fps and current fps In addition if there are frame marks these will appear on the timeline as seen in Figure 4 4 5 The current frame appears as a number positioned relative to the start frame of the session If in and out points are set the relative frame number will appear at the left side of the timeline the total number of frames between the in and out points is displayed below the relative frame number By clicking anywhere on the timeline the frame will change Clicking and dragging will scrub frames as will rolling the mouse wheel Also note that you can shift click drag to set an in out range The in out range can also be manipulated witht he mouse You can grab and drag either end or grab in the middle to drage the whole range There are two FPS indicators on the timeline The first indicates the target FPS the second the actual measured playback FPS 4 4 2 Timeline Configuration The timeline can be configured from its popup menu Use the right mouse button anywhere on the timeline to show the menu If you show the popup menu by pointing directly at any part of the timeline the popup menu will show that frame number the source media there and the operations will all be relative to that frame For example without changing frames you can set the in and out point or set a mark via the menu By default the timeline wil
85. ences dialog The most important audio preference is the choice of the output device from those listed In practice this will rarely change Preferences also let you set the initial volume for RV The option to hold audio open is for use on Linux installations where audio system support is poor see the next section on Linux Audio The other preferences are there for fine tuning performance in extreme cases of marginal audio hardware or support they will almost never change 34 CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE OOO UI II RM Preferences General Caching Rendering Audio Formats Packages Output Module Core Audio HAL Output Device Default B Output Format and Rate 32 bit float 24 44100 H Hz Initial Volume mx Device Packet Size 512 samples Cache Packet Size 512 samples Min Max Buffer Size in Seconds 0 3 0 6 mM Keep Audio Device Open When Not Playing mM Hardware Audio and Video Syncronization Figure 4 16 Audio Preferences on Mac Version 3 6 and higher have a new Output Module setting in the preferences On the Mac and Windows there is only a single entry in this menu On Linux however there may be many See Appendix E for details about Linux Audio The Output Device Output Format and Output Rate determine the sound quality and speakers to use Typical output rates are 44100 or 48000 Hz and 32 bit float or 16 bit integer output format This produced Audio CD or DAT
86. er time these problems will go away as drivers and operating systems become smarter about graphics resource allocation 29 CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE Figure 4 11 Image Information Widget You can determine if RV is tiling the image by looking the image info widget under Tools gt Image Info Tf tiling is on there will be an entry called DisplayTiling showing the number of tiles in X and Y 4 3 7 Image Information The image information widget can be shown or hidden via the Tools Image Info menu item or using the hot key You can move the widget by clicking and dragging The widget shows the geometry and data type of the image as well as associated meta data attributes in the file Figure 4 11 shows an example of the information widget Channel map information the current mapping of file channels to display channels is displayed by the info widget as well as the names of channels available in the image file this display is especially useful when viewing an image with non RGBA channels If the image is part of a sequence or movie the widget will show any relevant data about both the current image as well as the sequence it is a part of For movie files the codecs used to compress the movie are also displayed If the movie file has associated audio data information about that will also appear To remove the image information widget from the view either move the mouse to the top left corner of the widget and c
87. ereo 9 6 1 Swap eyes Swap eyes changes the order of the left and right eyes left becomes right and vice versa If you are looking at stereo pairs and you just cannot see the stereo you may want to try swapping the eyes It is difficult to view stereo when the eyes are inverted 9 6 2 Relative Eye Offset Relative eye offset controls how separated the left and right images are horizontally In the case of the anaglyph and hardware left and right buffer modes the offset value determines the fusion depth Objects at the fusion depth appear coincident with the screen depth In other words they appear to be right on the screen not behind it or in front of it This is most evident in the anaglyph mode where the red and cyan 70 CHAPTER 9 STEREO VIEWING components of a shape will not be separated if its at the fusion depth The units of the offset numbers are a percentage of the image width You have a choice to either offset the eye images away from each other both at the same time or to offset the right eye only HET N e Figure 9 7 Changing stereo relative eye offset The left is the original image viewed in anaglyph mode The right has an additional offset applied 9 6 3 Flip Flop the Right Eye Only If you are projecting stereo and require one eye be flipped vertical or flopped horizontal you can se lect Image Stereo Flip Right Eye or Image Stereo Flop Right Eye This can further be combined with Image
88. ering the inputs on a sequence in the user interface This file will have an RVSequenceGroup object as well as the sources Creating sources is covered above so we ll skip to the creation of the RVSequenceGroup For this example we ll assume there are three sources and that they all have the same FPS so no retiming is necessary We ll let RV handle creation of the underlying RVSequence and its EDL and only create the group define sources 3RV may write out a connection to the display group as well However that connection is redundant and may be overriden by the value of the view node property in the RVSession 94 CHAPTER 13 RV FILE FORMAT reviewSequence RVSequenceGroup 1 ui string name For Review connections connection 1 evaluation string lhs sourceGroup000002 sourceGroup000000 sourceGroup000001 string rhs reviewSequence reviewSequence reviewSequence RV will automatically connect up the default views so we can skip their inputs in the connections obejct for clairity In this case the sequence is connected up so that by default it will play sourceGroup000002 followed by sourceGroup000000 followed by sourceGroup000001 because the default EDL of a sequence just plays back the inputs in order Note that for basic ordering of playback no EDL creation is necessary We could also create addition sequence groups with other inputs Also note the use
89. es around the brackets they must be completely separated from subsequent arguments to be interpreted correctly You cannot nest brackets and the brackets must be matched for every begin bracket there must be an end bracket 3 2 1 Associating Audio with Image Sequences or Movie Files Frequently a movie file or image sequence needs to be viewed with one or more separate audio files When you have multiple layers on the command line and one or more of the layers are audio files RV will play back the all of the audio files mixed together along with the images or movies For example to play back a two wav files with an image sequence shell gt rv foo exr first wav second wav If you have a movie file which already has audio you can still add additional audio files to be played shell gt rv movie_with_audio mov more_audio aiff 17 CHAPTER 3 COMMAND LINE USAGE 3 2 2 Dual Image Sequences and or Movie Files as Stereo Its not unusual to render left and right eyes separately and want to view them as stereo together When you give RV multiple layers of movie files or image sequences it uses the first two as the left and right eyes shell gt rv lefty cda Teskeine ci oeeae Its OK to mix and match formats with layers shell gt rv left mov right 100 300 jpg if you want audio too shell gt rv left exr right f exr soundtrack aiff As with the mono case any number
90. f EXR frames may have unique uncrop values for each frame Currently EXR is the only format that supports per frame uncrop in RV Image Data Window Uncrop Display Window N Uncrop X Y Offset Figure 6 4 Uncrop of Oversized Render RV considers the uncropped image geometry as the principle image geometry Values reported relating to the width and height in the user interface will usually refer to the uncropped geometry Wipes mattes and other user interface will be drawing relative to the uncropped geometry 6 5 Conversion to Linear Color Space If an image format stores pixel values in a color space which is non linear the values should be converted to linear before any color correction or display correction is applied In the ICC and EXR documentation linear space is also called Scene Referred Space The most important characteristic of scene referred space is that doubling a value results in twice the luminance Although any image format can potentially hold pixel data in a non linear color space there are few formats which are designed to do so Kodak Cineon files for example store values in a logarithmic color 53 CHAPTER 6 HOW A PIXEL GETS FROM A FILE TO THE SCREEN space JPEG images may be stored in video space which typically has a 2 2 gamma applied to the color values for better viewing on computer monitors EXR files on the other hand are typically stored in linear space so no conversion need be ap
91. f the movie just as if you dropped it into a blank RV session in the UI For this version of RV you should name the first RVFileSource object sourceGroup000000_source and the second sourceGroup000001_source and the third sourceGroup000002_source and so on Eventually we ll want to make an EDL which will index the source objects so the names mostly matter but not the order in which they appear Now suppose we have an image sequence instead of a movie file We also have an associated audio file which needs to be played with it This is a bit more complicated but we still only need to make a single RVFileSource object GTOa 3 sourceGroup000000_source RVFileSource 0 media 90 CHAPTER 13 RV FILE FORMAT String movie test dox soundtrack alte group float fps 24 float volume 0 float audioOffset oo Here we ve got test dpx as an image layer and soundtrack aiff which is an audio layer You can have any number of audio and image sequence movie files in the movie list All of them together create the output of the RVFileSource object If we were creating a stereo source we might have left dpx and right dpx instead of test dpx When there are multiple image layers the first two default to the left and right eyes in the order in which they appear You can change this behavior per source if necessary The format of the various layers do not need to match The group component in
92. f you have a very slow network you might get better performance by using a format with complex expensive compression If your computer is connected to a local high speed RAID array or an SSD then storing files that are easy to decompress but have larger file size may be better 11 1 1 EXR DPX JPEG Cineon TARGA and Tiff I O Methods The OpenEXR DPX JPEG Cineon TARGA and Tiff file readers all allow you to choose between a few dif ferent I O methods The best method to use depends on the context RV is being used in The method can be selected either from the command line or from the preferences under each of the file formats The command line options exrIOMethod dpxIOMethod jpegIOMethod cinIOMethod tgalOMethod and tiffTOMethod require a number which corresponds to the methods listed in Table 11 1 and an optional I O chunk size in bytes Currently only the asynchronous methods use the chunk size On Windows the default is to use the Asynchronous Unbuffered method this method generally produces the best results over the network and acceptable performance from a local drive Typically the circumstance in which RV is used will dictate which method is optimal When using multiple reader threads asynchronous methods may not scale as well as the synchronous ones 11 1 2 Multiple Reader Threads When caching to the region or look ahead cache multiple threads can be used to read and process the frames This can have a pr
93. g viewed side of the RV window but it can be un docked by clicking and dragging on the title and positioned as a separate window or docked at another edge of the RV window The session manager interface is in two parts the top panel shows an outline of the session contents and the bottom shows either the inputs of the currently viewed object or user interface to edit the current view By double clicking on an icon in the top portion of the session manager you can switch to another view By default RV will create a default sequence stack and layout which includes all of the sources in the session When a new source is added these will be automatically updated to include the new source 41 CHAPTER 5 THE SESSION AND THE SESSION MANAGER 5 3 Creating Adding to and Removing from a View 00 Session Manager a Default Sequence gt v SOURCES a gt W SEQUENCES v STACKS Default Stack W LAYOUTS Default Layout BB Sequence Stack Bm Layout mej 4 F Retime A E Color Bars H Black H Color o A Figure 5 2 The Add View Menu A new view can be created via the add view menu The menu is reachable by either the add view button or by right clicking with the mouse in the session outline Anything selected in the session outline becomes a member input of the newly created view Alternately you can create a view and then add or subtract from it afterwards The top items in the v
94. gs like pixel aspect ratio alpha type uncrop regions data and display windows and to indicate the color space the pixels are in The image info window in the user interface shows all of the relevant image attributes Some of the attributes are treated as special cases and can have an effect on rendering Internally RV will recognize and use the ColorSpace Primary attributes automatically Other ColorSpace attributes are used by the default source setup package See Reference Manual to set file to linear properties correctly For example if the ColorSpace Transfer attribute has the value Kodak Log the default source setup function will automatically turn on the Kodak log to linear function for that source Image attributes can be saved as a text file directly from the UI File gt Export gt mage Attributes viewed interactively with the Tools Image Info widget or using the rvls program from the command line 48 CHAPTER 6 HOW A PIXEL GETS FROM A FILE TO THE SCREEN NOTE not all stages are active at the same time In some cases pixel data passes through a stage untouched Image or Movie File on Filesystem or from another process The Pre Cache LUT differs from File Look and Display LUTs it is applied in software prior to caching Bit depth conversion and reformatting ae integer or floating point Cached images are affected by every an stage after this one By default RV will use informati
95. h comes with the libz source code Copyright C 1998 2005 Gilles Vollant 124 APPENDIX I OPEN SOURCE COMPONENTS 1 12 OpenCV Copyright C 2000 Intel Corporation all rights reserved Third party copyrights are property of their respective owners Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met Redistribution s of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer Redistribution s in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution The name of Intel Corporation may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission This software is provided by the copyright holders and contributors as is and any express or implied warranties including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed In no event shall the Intel Corporation or contributors be liable for any direct indirect incidental special exemplary or consequential damages including but not limited to procurement of substitute goods or services loss of use data or profits or business interruption however caused and on any theory of liability whether i
96. haders or on ATI Radeon 9600 or better There no requirement to use Quadro NVidia cards For best speed a PCle card is recommended although RV runs well on AGP 4x or 8x for film work When a graphics card without fragment shader support is being used color correction functions and LUTs may not work as expected You will need at least OS X 10 5 and for the 32 bit version of RV QuickTime 7 2 2 2 Installation and Licensing Download the latest Mac version of RV onto your Macintosh This will be a dmg file Double click on the dmg icon Once the folder opens drag the RV application onto the Applications link RV requires a license file from Tweak in order to run If you do not have a valid license file installed RV will launch a dialog for installing your license Use the add license button on the license manager dialog to browse to the license file you have received from Tweak Make sure to save before you close the license manager Then restart RV If you don t yet have a license you will need to get one from Tweak RV s licenses are locked to your computer using the Ethernet ID Send this ID to Tweak to have a license generated for your computer The Ethernet ID looks something like this 00 19 E3 04 8B 80 and can be found in the OS X network preferences under the option Built in Ethernet in the Ethernet tab It is easy to accidentally find the ID for the Airport or other device on your Macintosh so double check to make sure you
97. he chapter on command line usage Chapter RV sessions can be saved out as rv files using the File gt Save menus Saved sessions contain the default views user defined views color setup compositing setup and other settings This is useful for reloading and sharing sessions and also for setting up image conversion compositing or editing operations to be processed by RVIO 1 2 2 Caching If your image sequences are too large to play back at speed directly from disk you can cache them into system memory using RV s region cache If you are playing compressed movies like large H 264 QuickTime movies you can use RV s lookahead cache to smooth out playback without having to cache the entire movie If your IO subsystems can provide the badwidth RV can be used to stream large uncompressed images from disk You can set the RV cache options from the Tools menu using the hot keys Shift C and Ctrl L Command L on Mac for the region cache and lookahead cache respectively or from the command line using c or 1 flags Also see the Caching tab of the Preferences dialog 1 2 3 Sources and Layers RV gives you the option to load media image sequences or audio as a Source or a Layer A source is a new sequence or movie that gets added to the end of the default sequence of the RV session Adding sources is the simplest way to build an edit in RV Layers are the way that RV associates related media e g an audio clip that
98. he fly using this transform In addition some file LUTs are created to transform imagery from file space to sRGB space directly If you apply one of these LUTs to an incoming image as a file LUT in RV you can then using the sRGB to linear function to linearize the output pixels The sRGB to linear function can be activated via Color gt sRGB and is stored per source like the file gamma above or log to linear RV uses the following equation to go from sRGB space to linear eae 4 RGB lt p Clinear a senta CsRGB gt P where p 0 04045 a 0 055 6 5 7 Rec 709 Transfer to Linear Color Space Conversion Similar to sRGB The Rec 709 non linear transfer function is a gamma like transform High definition television imagery is often encoded using this color space In order to view it properly on a computer monitor it should be converted to linear and then to sRGB for display The Rec 709 to linear function can be activated via Color Rec709 and is stored per source like the file gamma sRGB or log to linear RV uses the following equation to go from Rec 709 space to linear c Pe ares C709 lt p Clinear 1 C709 0 099 y 0 45 1 099 C709 gt P where p 0 081 6 5 8 Pre Cache and File LUTs RV has four points in its pixel pipeline where LUTs may be used The first of these is the pre cache LUT The pre cache LUT is applied in software and as the name implies the results go into the cache The primary use of the pr
99. he formula Rull s s G 1 s Bull s 0 R Rull s Gull s s Bull s 0 G Rw 1 s Gull s Buy l s s 0 B 0 0 0 1 1 where Ry 0 3086 Gw 0 6094 By 0 0820 and s is the saturation value 6 6 5 Contrast RV applies the formula 1 k 0 o R 0 l k 0 G 0 0 1 k B 0 0 0 1 1 where k is the contrast value 6 6 6 Inversion RV applies the formula 1 0 0 0 R 0 1 0 0 G 0 0 1 0 B 1 1 1 1 1 6 7 Display Simulation and Correction After color corrections have been applied in linear space and before pixels are sent to the display device they undergo display transformations These transforms are intended to simulate the appearance of pixels on alternate display devices like film and to correct for any color transform that will be applied by the primary display device In addition RV provides a few tools to help visualize image pixel values in various ways Unlike color corrections display color corrections apply to all source material in an RV session 9Weight values for R G and B are applicable in linear color space Values used for determining luminance for NTSC video are not applicable in linear color space 57 CHAPTER 6 HOW A PIXEL GETS FROM A FILE TO THE SCREEN 6 7 1 Display and Look LUTs There are times when its necessary to have two separate display LUTs one which might be per shot and one which is global For example this can happen when digital intermediate color work is being done on plates w
100. he order of the clips being determined by the order of the inputs the actual cut in out points for each clip can also be specified At the moment the easiest way to do this is to specify cut information for each source that you want to appear in the sequence with the Source view interface described in Section 5 5 As long as Use Source Cut Information is checked in the Sequence interface the sequence will adopt the editorial cut in out information provided by the sources Since the sequence only shows you one input at a time if Fill View with Content is checked and the sequence is the current view the output size of the sequence will be dynamically adjusted so that the framed content always fills the RV window even if different inputs of the sequence have different aspect ratios 5 6 2 Stack Views The Stack View presents it s inputs on top of each other for comparing or compositing In this case the order of the inputs determines the stacking order first input on top In addtion the usual ways of reordering the inputs you can cycle the stack forwards or backwards with items on the Stack menu or with hotkeys and The compositing operation used to combine the inputs of the stack can be selected in the Edit inteface At the moment you can choose from Over Replace Add Difference and Inverted Difference Because any or all of the inputs to the Stack may have audio you can select which you want to hear Either mix
101. hile the un corrected plates are being worked on a temporary LUT may be needed to simulate the look of the final result There is a unique look LUT per source There is a single display LUT for an RV session RV applies the look LUT just before the display LUT See Chapter 7 for a more detailed explaination of usage and how to load a LUT into RV 6 7 2 Display Gamma Correction This gamma correction is intended to compensate for monitor gamma It is not related to File Gamma Correction which is discussed in Section 6 5 5 For a given monitor there is usually one good value e g 2 2 which when applied corrects the monitor s response to be nearly linear Note that you should not use the Display Gamma Correction if your monitor has been calibrated with a gamma correction built in Tf you are using the X Window System Linux Unix or Microsoft Windows the default is not to add a gamma correction for the monitor On X Windows this can be checked using the xgamma command For example in a shell if you type shell gt xgamma and you see gt Red 1 000 Green 1 000 Blue 1 000 then your display has no gamma correction being applied In this case you will want RV to correct for the non linear response by setting the Display Gamma to correct for the monitor e g 2 2 On Mac OS X things are more complex Typically a ColorSync profile is created for your monitor and this includes a gamma correction However the monitor may be
102. idth Image width in pixels height Image height in pixels depth Channel Bit Depth one of 8i 16i 16f or 32f audio Currently only sine can be the value freq Audio Frequency pitch e g 440 for concert A amp Audio Amplitude 0 1 rate Audio Rate in Samples per second e g 44100 for CD quality Table 12 1 Movieproc Options 12 2 Image File Formats Each platform which RV runs on has its own selection of image formats There are few important ones which are implemented across all platforms Some of the most important formats are discussed in this chapter 12 2 1 OpenEXR OpenEXR EXR is a high dynamic range floating point file format developed at ILM It can store both 32 and 16 bit half floating point values with or without compression RV supports the EXR half float type natively and when the GPU is capable will render using type half type directly RVIO is capable of converting to and from the half and full float formats The EXR format is extremely flexible capable of holding everything from multiple views for stereo to rendered layers like isolated diffuse and specular components as separate images In addition its possible to store subsampled chroma images or combinations of all the above Multiple Views Multiple view EXR files as defined by the Weta Multiview Extension are supported by RV When in stereo mode RV will look for views called left and right by default and can be programmatically told to use o
103. iew create new views from existing views The bottom items create new sources which can be used in other views You can add to an existing view by first selecting it by double clicking on it then dragging and dropping items from the session outline into the inputs section of the session manager Drag and drop of input items makes it possible to rearrange the ordering of a given view For example in a sequence the items are played in the order the appear in the inputs list By rearranging the items using drag and drop or the up and down arrows in the inputs list you can reorder the sequence To remove an item from a view select the item s in the inputs list and hit the delete trash can button to the right of the inputs list Similarly the trashcan button in the upper panel well delete a view from the session Please Note neither of these remove delete operations is undoable 5 4 Navigating Between Views For each RV session there is always a single current view whose name is displayed at the top of the Session Manager As in a web browser RV remembers the history of views you have visited and you can go backwards and forwards in that history To change to a different View you can e Double click on any of the views listed in the top panel of the Session Manager e Double click on any input view of the current view listed in the Inputs tab of the bottom panel of the Session Manager e Double click on any visible image in the
104. ill play during scrubbing and during single frame stepping See Section 4 5for further details on Audio in RV In Out Range Manipulation Note that on each end of the timeline magnifer there are two triangular arrow buttons These are the in out nudge buttons and clicking on them will move the in or out point by one frame in the indicated direction The in out range displayed in the timeline can also be changed with the mouse either by dragging the whole range click down in the middle of the range or by dragging one of the endpoints click down on the endpoint All these manipulations can be performed during playback You can also set an in out range by shift dragging with the left button in timeline magnifier 33 CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE Configuration All the hotkeys mentioned in Table 4 2 are also relevant to the timeline magnifier The timeline magnifier configuration menu is also a subset of the regular timeline menu see Figure4 13 with additional items for setting the height of the audio waveform display p lt iil e ms A a DS Timeline Magnifier Set In Frame to Current Set Out Frame to Current Clear In Out Frames Mark Current Frame Clear Marks Reset MBPS Time Frame Display Global Frame Numbers Source Frame Numbers Global Time Code Display Source Time Code Display Global Seconds Footage Display Audio No Audio Display Small Medium Y Large Configure gt Draw Magnifier Over Imagery v Positi
105. ime Player or RVIO on OS X and Windows or RVIO on Linux 12 1 2 Text Tracks On Linux RV will read the text track of a movie file if it exists and put the contents in an image attribute per frame You can see this with the image info widget Text tracks can be used to store metadata about the movie contents in a cross platform manner 12 1 3 QuickTime Movie Files mov QuickTime is a wretched hoary beast RV attempts to support QuickTime via two completely separate mechanisms Apple s QuickTime Framework on OS X and Windows the same thing Apple s QuickTime Player uses and the open source libquicktime library on Linux 82 CHAPTER 12 FILE FORMATS There are literally hundreds of codecs which can appear in a QuickTime file but only some of them are useful in post production RV tries to support the most popular and useful ones On Windows the Apple Quicktime library has some limitations it can only be used in 32 bit applications and cannot be used concurrently by multiple threads Photo JPEG This codec has qualities which make it popular in film post production Each frame is stored separately in the QuickTime file so moving to a random frame is fast JPEG offers a number of ways to compress the image data including sub sampling of color versus luminance and using sophisticated compression techniques Color representation can be excellent when using Photo JPEG File sizes are moderate When using RV on OS X and Windows the App
106. in out points Next in out range from marks Previous in out range from marks Set in out range from marks near current frame r g b ora Isolate red green blue or alpha channel c Color display il Luminance display a Isolate alpha channel v Enter Display Gamma Correction commnad r Rotate Image 90 deg to the right clockwise command 1 shift command r shift command 1 Rotate Image 90 deg to the left counter clockwise Set Image Rotation to 90 deg Set Image Rotation to 90 deg shift T Toggle display look up table LUT shift L Toggle Cineon log to linear transform shift 1 Toggle color inversion f Frame image in window 1 through 8 Set image scaling 1 1 through 8 1 control 1 through control 8 Set image scaling 1 1 through 1 8 shift X Flop scale 1 0 in X shift Y Flip scale 1 0 in Y TAB Toggle timeline i Toggle image info Fl Toggle menu bar F5 Toggle pixel inspector F3 Toggle VTR buttons tick Toggle full screen mode shift A Toggle realtime play all frames shift F Enter FPS e Exposure mode shift 8 Saturation mode y Gamma correction mode k Constrast mode h Hue mode m Mark or unmark current frame Ww Resize window to fit image q Close window and its session shift R Force reload of current frame Table 4 3 Commonly Used Key Bindings 38 USER INTERFACE CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE Alt
107. ins directory which is probably not writable by the user and one of the following which is usually writable by the user Library Application Support RV Mac OS X rv Linux SAPPDATA RV Windows You can override the default support path locations by setting the environment variable RV_SUPPORT_PATH The variable contents should be the usual colon Linux and Mac or semicolon Windows separated list of directories The user support directory is not included by default if you set the RV_SUPPORT_PATH variable so be sure to explicitly include it if you want RV to include that path Also note that the support path elements will have subdirectories called Mu Packages etc In particular when using the support path to install Packages you want to include the directory above Packages in the path not the Packages subdir itself The file system of each directory in the support path contains these directories 65 CHAPTER 8 PACKAGES Packages Package zip files ConfigFiles Area used by packages to store non preference configuration information ImageFormats Image format Plug Ins MovieFormats Movie format Plug Ins Mu Mu files implementing packages SupportFiles Additonal files used by packages icons etc lib Shared libraries required by packages RV will create this structure if its not already there the first time you add or install a package 8 2 Installation Once a package has been added to install or uninstall simply click
108. irement is not necessary for Stereo option 4 passive stereo Currently stereo operation may be quirky on the original Quadro NV10 chip and left right flipping may be erratic We are trying to resolve this issue for a future release Default Stereo is not enabled UBB must be enabled when stereo is enabled this is the default behavior Stereo options 1 2 and 3 aka active stereo are not supported on digital flat panels 107 APPENDIX A STEREO SETUP Option AllowDFPStereo boolean By default the NVIDIA X driver performs a check which disables active stereo stereo options 1 2 and 3 if the X screen is driving a DFP The AllowDFPStereo option bypasses this check ENSURING IDENTICAL MODE TIMINGS Some functionality such as Active Stereo with Twin View requires control over exactly what mode timings are used There are several ways to accomplish that If you only want to make sure that both display devices use the same modes you only need to make sure that both display devices use the same HorizSync and VertRefresh values when performing mode validation this would be done by making sure the HorizSync and SecondMonitorHorizSync match and that the VertRefresh and the SecondMonitorVertRefresh match A more explicit approach is to specify the modeline you wish to use using one of the modeline generators available and using a unique name For example if you wanted to use 1024x768 at 120 Hz on
109. itional arcane sounding menu commands Help gt Show Commands will print out all of RV s current key bindings to the shell or console these are also included in chapter X of this manual RV s menus can be reached through the menu bar or by using the right mouse button Menus items with hot keys will display the hot key on the right side of the menu item Some hot keys worth learning right away are Space Toggle playback Tab or F2 Toggle Show Timeline 1 Toggle Show Info Widget back tick Toggle Full Screen F1 Toggle Show Menu Shift Left Click Open Pixel Inspector at pointer g to quit RV or close the current session Also from the Help menu you can reach all of Tweaks online resources include the Tweak web site demo videos latest documentation and the support forums If you ve having some problem with RV you can also start a support ticket either from email or the web directly from the Help menu 1 2 8 Parameter Editing and Virtual Sliders Many settings in RV like exposure volume or frame rate can be changed quickly using Parameter Edit Mode This mode lets you use virtual sliders the mouse wheel or the keyboard to edit RV parameters Hot keys and Parameter Editing Mode allow artists to easily and rapidly interact with images in RV It is worth a little practice to get comfortable using these tools For example to adjust the exposure setting of a sequence you can use any of the following techni
110. ividual source movies This is especially useful with the directory on Linux and OS X If you navigate in a shell to a directory that contains an image sequence for example you need only type the following to play it xv You don t even need to get a directory listing If RV finds multiple sequences or a sequence and movie files it will sort and organize them into a playlist automatically RV will attempt to read files without extensions if they look like image files for example the file ends in a number If RV is unable to parse the contents of a directory correctly you will need to specify the image sequences directly to force it to read them 19 CHAPTER 3 COMMAND LINE USAGE C s float stereo string vsync int comp string layout string over diff tile wipe view string noSequence inferSequence autoRetime d rthreads int renderer string fullscreen init string nofloat maxbits int gamma float sRGB rec709 floatLUT int dlut string brightness Aoat Use region frame cache Use look ahead cache Image scale reduction Stereo mode hardware checker scanline anaglyph left right pair mirror hsqueezed vsqueezed Video Sync 1 on 0 off default 0 Composite mode over add difference replace default replace Layout mode packed row column manual Same as comp over view defaultStack Same as comp difference view defaultStack Sa
111. kes it possible to reorder RGBA channels and set one or more of the channels to 0 0 or 1 0 Channel Reordering can be accessed in the menu bar under View Channel Order On supported machines this function is implemented in hardware so it s very fast This function can be useful if the image comes from a format with unnamed RGB channels which are not in order Another useful feature of Channel reordering is the ability to flood one or more channels with the constant value of 1 0 or 0 0 For example to see the red channel as red without green and blue you could set the order to R000 R followed by three zeros To see the red channel as a grey scale image you could use the order RRRO Yes that is exactly what channel isolation does See below Channel reordering is controlled by the Display node The display channelOrder attribute determines the order Channel reordering occurs when the internal image is rendered to the display 6 8 2 Isolating Channels Finally you can isolate the view to any single channel using the interface from the menu View Channel Display Since this is the most common operation when viewing channels it is mapped to the keys r g b and a by default shows isolated red green blue and alpha and can be reset with the c key show all color channels You can also view luminance as a pseudo channel with the I key Channel isolation is controlled by the Display node The display channelFl
112. keys or by right clicking on the timeline You can also set an in out range by 32 CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE shift dragging with the left button in the Timeline or the Timeline Magnifier The in out range displayed in the timeline can also be changed with the mouse either by dragging the whole range click down in the middle of the range or by dragging one of the endpoints click down on the endpoint To reset the in and out points use the key Tf frames have been marked RV can automatically set the in and out points for you based on them use the ctrl right left arrow keys or command right left arrow on Mac 4 4 5 Marks A mark in RV is nothing more than a frame number which can be stored in an RV file for later use To toggle a frame as being marked use Mark gt Mark Frame or use the m hotkey The timeline will show marks if any are present While not very exciting in and of themselves marks can be used to build more complex actions in RV For example RV has functions to set the in and out points based on marks By marking shot boundaries in a movie file you can quickly loop individual shots without selecting the in and out points for each shot By selecting Mark Next Range From Marks and Mark Previous Range From Marks or using the associated hot keys control right arrow or control left arrow the in and out points will shift from one mark region to the next Marking and associated hot keys for
113. l run on many other linux distributions RV will only run on i386 or 1A32_64 Linux as reported by uname a 2 3 2 Installation and Licensing RV for Linux is distributed as a gzipped tarball Un tar this archive into the directory in which you would like to install RV with some version of the tar command like this WE Edit your dot files to include the rv bin directory in your PATH You can use the Tweak license installer to install your license or can copy it directly in the RV_HOME etc subdirectory and name it license gto 2 3 3 Structure of RV on Linux On Linux the directory tree resulting from the above untar can be installed anywhere The directory tree contains the RV binary start up script and runtime support files as well as documentation In order to use rv from a shell you will need to have the bin directory of the RV distribution tree in your path RV is split into two programs rv and rv bin rv is a shell script which sets a number of environment variables including plugin directory locations in the RV tree and search paths for user plugins and scripts Currently the shell script makes sure the following environment variables are set properly RV_HOME The location of the RV distribution tree LD_LIBRARY_PATH inserts RV_HOME 1ib in front of existing directories MU_MODULE PATH sets to RV_HOME plugins Mu MAGICK CONFIGURE PATH sets to SRV_HOME etc config The rv shell script also contains two optio
114. l show the source frame number the native number of the media Alternately you can show the global frame number global time code or even the Footage common in traditional animation 16 frames per foot 31 CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE Timeline Set In Frame to Current Set Out Frame to Current Clear In Out Frames Mark Current Frame Clear Marks Reset MBPS Time Frame Display Global Frame Numbers Source Frame Numbers Global Time Code Display Source Time Code Display Global Seconds Footage Display v Show Play Controls Draw Timeline Over Imagery v Position Timeline At Top Y Show In Out Frame Numbers Step Wraps At In Out Show Source Input at Frame Y Show Play Direction Indicator Figure 4 13 Timeline Configuration Popup Menu The Configuration menu has a number of options Show Play Controls Hide or Show the playback control buttons on the right side of the timeline Draw Timeline Over Imagery This was the default behavior in previous versions of RV The timeline is now drawn in the margin by default Position Timeline At Top Draw the timeline at the top of the view The default is to draw it at the bottom of the view Show In Out Frame Numbers When selected the in and out points will be labeled using the curent method for display the frame global source or time code Step Wraps At In Out This controls how the arrow keys behave at the in and out point When selected the frame will wrap from in to o
115. layer will determine the overall length of the source e g a longer audio file loaded as a layer after a sequence will be truncated to the duration of the sequence Any number of Audio files can be added as layers to the same source and they will be mixed together on playback The file browser has three file display modes column view file details view and media details view Sequences of images appear as virtual directories in the file browser you can select the entire sequence or individual files if you open the sequence up Note you can multi select in File Details and Media Details but not in Column View In general the File Details view will be the fastes 23 CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE d Imag quence s t y File Details View f image_sequences Sort By Name Modified image_sequences 1 7 1 jimh ei 8 Feb 2008 08 37 53 1 4 b 2 4 Any Media File t c j Cancel Add Imag quence s Column View Sort By Name MATAN t Any Media File Figure 4 4 File Dialog in Column View Mode 24 CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE quence s Media Details View v fe H 264 Sort By Name Name Width Height Type Ch FPS Frms J 10000 1 hi l 0_be 1_h72 E 1 E e a a a a a 1 O be 11 Y 316 i 76 4 Children Of Men mov 448 Bi 1 23976 3504 TDK TAL tme 4 LLL File Type Any Media File Cancel Open Figure 4 5 File Dialog Showing Media Details Favorite locations can be remembered by dragging di
116. le QuickTime framework is used to decode and encode Photo JPEG movies Unfortunately Apple s QuickTime modifies incoming and outgoing color depending on the presence of certain atoms in the quicktime file This can be problematic when using QuickTime files to review color The most notorious of the color atoms which typically affects the color of Photo JPEG movies is the gama atom The gama atom causes Apple s Quicktime to apply two gamma corrections to the image before it is displayed To prevent this unwanted change in color the best thing to do is remove the atom from the movie file RVIO automatically removes the gama atom when it creates Photo JPEG movies on OS X and Windows using Apple Quicktime On Linux Photo JPEG is well supported and encoding and decoding make no changes to the color of pixels even in the presence of the gama atom Files encoded on Linux do not include the gama atom and play back on Windows and Mac will be as expected Motion JPEG Motion JPEG is similar to Photo JPEG in that they both use the same compression algorithm The main difference is that Motion JPEG essentially stores a single frame in two parts all of the even scanlines as a single JPEG image and all of the odd scanlines as a separate image The codec interlaces the two parts together to form the final image The Motion JPEG codec suffers the same issues as Photo JPEG with Apple s Quicktime see above Motion JPEG is supported on all platforms
117. le will include a message of the form WW NVIDIA 2 The GPU driving screen 2 is incompatible with the rest of WW NVIDIA 2 the GPUs composing the desktop OpenGL rendering will WW NVIDIA 2 be disabled on screen 2 The NVIDIA X driver must be used for all X screens in the server Only the intersection of capabilities across all GPUs will be advertised X configuration options that affect GLX operation e g stereo overlays should be set consistently across all X screens in the X server A 2 Mac OS X and Windows There are no special requirements other than having a proper GPU that can produce stereo output If the OS X or Windows graphical environment can provide RV with a stereo GL context it will play back in stereo If not the console widget will pop up and you will see GL errors If you have trouble with the stereo on the Mac you might have some luck on one of Apple s mailing lists 108 Appendix B The RVLINK Protocol Using RV as a URL Handler As of RV 3 8 4 RV can act as a protocol handler for URLs using the rvlink protocol These URLs have the form rvlink lt RV commandline gt for example rvlink l play path to my movie mov Will start RV or on the mac create a new session or replace the current session load movie mov turn on the look ahead cache and start playback B 1 Using rvlink URLs You can insert rvlinks into web pages chat sessions emails etc Of course it is up t
118. lick on the close button that appears or toggle the display with the Tools menu item or hot key 1 4 4 Playing Image Sequences Movie Files and Audio Files RV can play multiple images image sequences and movie files as well as associated audio files Play controls are available via the menus keyboard and mouse Timing information and navigation is provided by the timeline widget which can be toggled via the Tools Timeline menu item or by hitting the TAB key 30 CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE Set in point Set out point Clear in out points right arrow Step one frame to the right left arrow Step on frame to the left alt right arrow Move current frame to next mark or source boundary if there are no marks alt left arrow Move current frame to previous mark or source boundary if there are no marks ctrl mac cmd left arrow Set in out to next pair of marks or source boundaries if there are no marks ctrl mac cmd right arrow Set in out to next pair of marks or source boundaries if there are no marks down arrow spacebar Toggle playback up arrow Reverse play direction Table 4 2 Useful Timeline Hotkeys 4 4 1 Timeline Number of frames from in point Current source media Current Frame and frame under pointer In frame Out frame Play Controls 90 f fees Total number of frames Alternating grey shades Target FPS j in in out region indicate cuts Computed FPS Figure 4 12 Timeline With Lab
119. link baked 202d6c202d706c6179202 706174682f746f2 6d792 6d6 7669652e6d6f76 This form of URL has the disadvantage of being totally illegible to humans but as a last resort it should ensure that the URL reaches the protocol handler without interference As with encoded URLs baked URLs can be generated from command lines by giving RV the bakeURL command line option A Note on Spaces In general RV will treat spaces within the URL as delimiting arguments on the command line If you want to include an argument with spaces a movie name containing a space for example that argument must be enclosed in single quotes For example if the name of your media is my movie mov the encoded rvlink URL to play it would look like rvlink 20 my S20movie mov B 2 Installing the Protocol Handler RV itself is the program that handles the rvlink protocol so all that is necessary is to register RV as the designated rvlink handler with the OS or desktop environment This is a different process on each of the platforms that RV supports Windows On windows the rvlink protocol needs to be added to the registry If you install RV with the exe installer this should happen automatically If you just unzip the rv package into an arbitrary location you ll have to edit the rvlink reg file in the etc directory of the install to point at the install location then just double click on this file to edit the registry Mac I
120. lso be modified or replaced by users Some examples are shell gt rvio foo exr overlay watermark For Client Review 0 5 o foo mov shell gt rvio foo exr leader simpleslate Tweak Films Ares cE TanemD OCW WS ln te S lit Notes Lighter Darker 0 OO MORT 10 Chapter 2 Installation 2 1 Overview On Windows RV is packaged with an installer program 32 bit or as a zip file 64 bit On Linux RV is packaged as a tarball On Mac OS X RV is packaged as a dmg file In all cases RV requires a license file from Tweak in order too run The Tweak License Installer will launch if you attempt to run RV without a license If you have a license browse to the license file from Tweak install save and restart RV If you don t have a license check your HostID as described below and email it to Tweak so we can generate your license Please Note in large installations where the license is installed and managed by a central authority and individual users should never be installing licenses the environment variable TWEAK_NO_LIC_INSTALLER can be set in the global environment This will prevent RV from ever launching the license installer even when no valid license can be found 2 2 Mac OS X 2 2 1 Requirements RV can run on older hardware with older graphics cards but it may not be fully featured RV runs best on NVidia FX or better graphics cards the ones that have fragment s
121. lues will become inherited by the session 13 6 The Graph Internally RV holds a single image processing graph per session which is represented in the session file The graph can have multiple nodes which determine how the sources are combined These are the top level nodes and are always group nodes Versions prior to 3 10 did not store graph connectivity in the file because the user was not allowed to change it In 3 10 the user can create new top level nodes like sequences stacks layouts retimings etc So the inputs for each node need to be stored in order to reproduce what the user created 2From now on we re just going to show fragments of the file and assume that you can put them all together in your text editor 93 CHAPTER 13 RV FILE FORMAT The connections between the top level group nodes are stored in the connections object For example this is what RV will write out for a session with a single source in it connections connection 1 evaluation string lhs sourceGroup000000 sourceGroup000000 sourceGroup000000 string rhs defaultLayout defaultSequence defaultStack The connections should be interpreted as arrows between objects The 1hs left hand side is the base of the arrow The rhs right hand side is the tip The base and tips are stored in separate properties So in the case the file has three connections 1 sourceGroup000000 defaultLayout 2
122. ly available The GraphicsMagick Base64Decode and Base64Encode functions are based on source code obtained from OpenSSH This source code is distributed under the following license Copyright c 2000 Markus Friedl All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MER CHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEM PLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS IN TERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CON TRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE 1 11 Minizip RV uses the minizip package whic
123. ly not synced Image Format Settings Image resolution color resolution rotation alpha type pixel aspect ratio changes Audio Settings Soundtrack and per source audio volume balance cross over etc Things found under the Audio menu Default Frame changes FPS realtime and play all frames playback mode settings in and out points These are always sync ed Table 10 1 Sync Mode Sending and Receiving Events 76 Chapter 11 Maximizing Performance RV is primarily a desktop playback program As such there are no guarantees about performance That being said there are a number of methods to tune performance for any particular hardware configuration and operating system The most imporant parameters to tune for good performance in RV are e The number of CPUs cores available versus the number of reader threads used in RV e The specific file format being read not all are created equal and possible filesystem requirements like striping or guaranteed bandwidth constraints e The I O method for each file format if it has multiple methods versus the type of mass storage SAN RAID or stripped disks etc e If the file format decoder is threaded the number of threads used for decoding and balancing that with the number of reader threads e A fast PCI bus and a recent GPU Most of these settings are available from either the caching preference pane or the rendering preference pane 000 RV Preferences General Cachi
124. mage geometry manipulations and display corrections will work in conjunctions with stereo viewing When caching is on all layers are cached left and right eyes You will need to reduce the image resolution to cache as many frames as non stereo The left and right eye images are normalized i e conformed to fit the RV window so they may have different resolutions and or bit depths However it is not advisable to have differing aspect ratios You can create stereo sources and set individual stereo parameters from the command line See Section 3 2 2 to see how to do this 9 1 Anaglyph The anaglyph mode displays the left eye in the red channel and the right in eye in the green and blue channels as cyan If you were to wear colored red cyan glasses and the eyes are correctly arranged you should be able to see stereo with pseudo color Color anaglyph images work best for outdoor scenes with lots of green and in similar cases They work very poorly with blue or green screen photography If the color contrast is too great the stereo effect will be difficult to see If you turn on luminance viewing hit the I key in the user interface you can improve the effect Figure 9 2 A similar solution is to desaturate the image slightly hit shift S and scrub this will reduce the color contrast but keep some hints of color Figure 9 3 Compression artifacts can seriously degrade stereo viewing especially in anaglyph mode QuickTime movie
125. main RV window 42 CHAPTER 5 THE SESSION AND THE SESSION MANAGER e Click the left backwards and right forwards buttons at the top of the Session Manager e For backwards compatibility the items at the top of the Tools menu navigate to the usual default views Once you have changed views you can go backwards and forwards in the view history with the arrow buttons at the top of the Session Manager or with the navigation hot keys Shift left arrow backwards and Shift right arrow forwards Note that you can easily navigate between views with out the Session Manager by double clicking on the image to drill down and then using Shift left arrow to go back 5 5 Source Views Source Views are the leaves of the graph in that they are views with no inputs since they get their pixels from some external source usually files on disk somewhere The Edit interface for source views is currenly used only to adjust editorial information in the future it may provide access to other per source information like color corrections LUTs etc In RV each source has an Cut In Out information which provide editorial information to views that use that source like a Sequence view These In Out frame numbers can be set from the command line or changed with the Edit panel of the Source View interface Session Manager 00 shot 3 wv SOURCES E shot 1 shot 2 E shot 4 V SEQUENCES tima Source Cu
126. mber of settings in this atom which can create different results 83 CHAPTER 12 FILE FORMATS RAW Codecs There are a number of raw codecs for QuickTime Some of these store the pixel data as RGB others as YUV The Raw codecs tend to be very fast to read and play back RV supports a number of raw codecs on all platforms Audio RV supports all of the raw uncompressed audio codecs across platforms On Windows and OS X it supports all of the codecs that the Apple QuickTime framework and the Apple QuickTime Player support including mp3 and aac On Linux RV supports only the basic uncompressed codecs by default However you can install libquick time plug ins to support the same codecs supported by Apple QuickTime RV and RVIO handle stereo audio RV does not currently handle more than two channels of audio 12 1 4 MPEG 4 Movie Files mp4 The MPEG 4 container file mp4 is almost identical to the QuickTime container file mov The same codecs may be used to store data in either format However typically you find files encoded with H 264 or one of its predecessors RV supports the MPEG 4 container on all platforms The same caveats regarding codec color issues on OS X and Windows apply to the MPEG 4 container 12 1 5 Windows AVI Files avi RV supports AVI files with the same codecs as QuickTime on all platforms 12 1 6 Windows Media Files wmv On OS X you can install the official Microsoft QuickTime Component Flip4M
127. mber of the RVSequenceGroup Whenever an RVSequenceGroup is created it will create a sequence node to hold the EDL If you are not changing the default values or behavior of the sequence node its not necessary to specify it in the file In this case however we will be creating a custom EDL 13 7 1 RVSequence The sequence node can be in one of two modes auto EDL creation or manual EDL creation This is controlled by the mode autoEDL property If the property is set to 1 then the sequence will behave like so e If a new input is connected the existing EDL is erased and a new EDL is created e Each input of the sequence will have a cut created for it in the order that they appear If mode useCutInfo is set the sequence will use the cut information coming from the input to determine the cut in the EDL Otherwise it will use the full range of the input e If cut info changes on any input to the sequence the EDL will be adjusted automatically When auto EDL is not on the sequence node will behave in this manner e When an input is deleted the EDL cut is deleted e When an input is added a new cut is created at the end of the EDL If use cut info is on then the source cut info will be used othewise the full range will be used For this next example we ll use two movie files a mov and b mov They have audio so there s nothing interesting about their source definitions just the media property with the name of the movie They are both 24 fp
128. me as comp tile view defaultStack Same as over with wipes enabled Start with a particular view Don t contract files into sequences Infer sequences from one file Automatically retime conflicting media fps in sequences and stacks 1 on 0 off default 1 Number of reader threads default 1 Default renderer type Composite or Direct Start in fullscreen mode Override init script Turn off floating point by default Maximum default bit depth default 32 Set display gamma default 1 Display using linear gt sRGB conversion Display using linear gt Rec 709 conversion Use floating point LUTs requires hardware supportyd yes U no default platform dependant Apply display LUT CHAPTER 3 COMMAND LINE USAGE pa float Set the Pixel Aspec Ratio ro int Shifts first and last frames in the source range range offset fps float FPS override ao float Audio Offset Shifts audio in seconds audio offset so float Set the Stereo Eye Relative Offset volume float Audio volume override default 1 flut filename Associate a file LUT with the source llut filename Associate a look LUT with the source pclut filename Associate a pre cache software LUT with the source cmap channels Remap color channesl for this source channel names separated by commas crop 20 y0 x1 yl Crop image to box all integer arguments uncrop width height x y Inset image into larger virtual image all integer arguments in int
129. more than one RV will read all TIFF tags including EXIF tags and present them as image attributes 12 23 DPX and Cineon RV and RVIO currently support 8 and16 bit and the common 10 and 12 bit DPX and 10 bit Cineon files reading direct from disk on all platforms The standard header fields are read and reported if they contain useful information e g Motion Picture and TV fields We do not currently support any of the vendor headers RV supports the linear log and Rec 709 transfer functions for DPX natively and others through the use of LUTs The OpenEXR file will only use B44 or B44A with half float images currently 32 bit float images will not typically get as good performance 86 CHAPTER 12 FILE FORMATS RV decodes DPX and Cineon to 8 bit integer per channel by default However the reader can be configured from the command line or preferences to use 16 bit if needed In addition the reader can use either planar or interleaved pixel formats We have found that the combination of OS and hardware determines which format is fastest for playback but we currently recommend RGB8_PLANAR on systems that can use OpenGL Pixel Buffer Objects PBOs and RGBA8 on systems that cannot If you opt for 16 bit pixels use the RGB16_PLANAR as the pixel format on PBO equipped hardware for maximum throughput For best color fidelity use RV s built in Cineon Log Linear option and sRGB display or a particular display LUT if available This o
130. n RV versions prior to version 3 8 6 RV will register itself as the rvlink protocol handler every time it runs So after you run it once it should pick up rvlink urls In RV versions 3 8 6 and later just run RV once with the registerHandler command line option in order to register that executable as the default rvlink protocol handler this is to prevent confusion between RV and RV64 when both are installed Linux Unlike windows and mac linux protocols are registered at the desktop environment level not the OS level After you ve installed RV on your machine you can run the rv install_handler script in the install s bin directory This script will register RV with both the KDE and Gnome desktop environments Some application specific notes Firefox may or may not respect the gnome settings in general I ve found that if there is enough of the gnome environmennt installed that gconfd is running even if you re using KDE or some other desktop env Firefox will pick up the gnome settings If you can t get this to work you can register the rvlink protocol with Firefox directly as described here 110 APPENDIX B THE RVLINK PROTOCOL USING RV AS A URL HANDLER Konqueror sadly seems to munge URLs before giving them to the protocol handler For example by swapping upper for lowercase letters And sometimes it does not pass them on at all This means some rvlink URLs will work and some won t so we recommend only baked
131. n contract strict liability or tort including negligence or otherwise arising in any way out of the use of this software even if advised of the possibility of such damage 125
132. nal environment variables related to RV s audio configuration These are commented out but you may need to or choose to set them to fine tune RV s audio performance depending on the vintage and flavor of Linux See the appendix for an in depth discussion of Linux audio configuration Once it has finished setting up the environment the startup script executes the RV binary rv bin with the default UI script If you have some of these variables set prior to calling the start up script they will be modified or augmented to meet RV s requirements 12 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION If you wish to use RV as the protocol handler for the rvlink URL protocol see Appendix B the protocol handler must be registered Unlike Windows and Mac Linux protocols are registered at the desktop environ ment level not the OS level After you ve installed RV on your machine you can run the rv install_handler script in the install s bin directory This script will register RV with both the KDE and Gnome desktop environments Some application specific notes Firefox may or may not respect the gnome settings in general we ve found that if there is enough of the gnome environmennt installed that gconfd is running even if you re using KDE or some other desktop env Firefox will pick up the gnome settings Tf you can t get this to work you can register the rvlink protocol with Firefox directly as described here http support mozilla com en US kb The protoc
133. navigating marked regions quickly becomes indispensable for many users These features make it very easy to navigate around a movie or sequence and loop over part of the timeline Producers and coordinators who often work with movie files of complete sequences for bidding or for client reviews find it useful to mark up movie at the shot boundaries to make it easy to step through and review each shot Figure 4 14 Timline with Marks 4 4 6 Timeline Magnifier The Timeline Magnifier tool available from the Tools menu default hotkey F3 brings up a special timeline that is zoomed to the region bounded by the In Out Points In addtion to showing only the in out region the timeline magnifier differs from the standard timeline in that it shows frame ticks and numbers on every frame if possible Tf there is not enough room for frames ticks on every frame the magnifier will fall back to frames ticks every 5 or 10 frames The frame numbers of the in out points are displayed at either end of the magnified timeline Audio Waveform Display The timeline magnifier can display the audio waveform of any loaded audio Note that this is the sum of all audio loaded for the given frame range To preserve interactive speed the audio data is not rendered into the timeline until that section of the frame range is played You can turn on Scrubbing in the Audio menu to force the entire frame range to be loaded immediately Also if Scrubbing is on audio w
134. ndition the data before its transformed by the 3D LUT For example it may make sense for 3D LUT input values to be in a non linear space like log space If the incoming pixels are linear they need to be transformed to log before the 3D LUT is applied By using a relatively high resolution pre LUT the data can be transformed into that space without precision loss 62 CHAPTER 7 USING LUTS IN RV Extension Type 1D 3D PreLUT Float Input Output csp Rising Sun Research e 00 00 00 00 rv3dlut RV 3D 0 1 oo co rvchlut RV Channel 0 1 oo co 3dl Lustre 0 1 0 1 cube IRIDAS 0 1 oo co any Shake 0 1 oo co Table 7 1 LUT Formats as Supported in RV 7 3 The Pre Cache LUT The first LUT that the pixels can be transformed by is the pre cache LUT This LUT has the same parameters and features as the other LUTs but it is applied before the cache The pre cache LUT is currently applied by the CPU not on the GPU whereas the file look and display LUTs are all used by the graphics hardware directly For this reason the pre cache LUT is slightly slower than the others The pre cache LUT is useful when a special caching format is desired For example by using the pre cache LUT and the color bit depth formatting you can have RV convert linear OpenEXR data into 8 bit integer format in log space By using RV s log to linear conversion on the cached 8 bit data you can effec
135. ndled 4 9 Key and Mouse Bindings Key and mouse bindings as well as menu bar menus are loaded at run time You can override and change virtually any key or mouse binding from a file called rvrc mu if you need to The bindings and whole interface that comes with RV are located at SRV_HOME plugins Mu rvui mu Functions in this file can be called from rvrc mu or overridden On OS X the meaning of Alt and Control are reversed To override bindings copy the file SRV_HOME scripts rv rvre mu to rvrc mu Start hacking Extensive information about customizing RV can be found in the RV Reference Manual 4 10 Preferences File RV stores configuration information in a preferences file in the user home directory Each platform has a different location and possibly a different format for the file OS File Location File Format MacOSX Library Preferences com tweaksoftware RV Property List Linux config TweakSoftware RV conf Config File Windows SAPPDATA TweakSoftware RV ini INI File Table 4 5 Preference File Locations 37 CHAPTER 4 Key Sequence Action Space Bar or Down Arrow Left Arrow Right Arrow Up Arrow shift G 0 through 9 keypad only Toggle play Step backwards one frame Step forward one frame Toggle play direction Go to specific frame Start entering frame number to go to PageUp PageDown Set in point from current frame Set out point from current frame Clear
136. ne how the LUT will be applied See chapter 7 for more information about using LUTs in RV RV s color transforms are separated into two menus The Color menu contains transforms that will be applied to an individual source whichever source is current in the timeline and the View menu contains transforms that will be applied to all of the sources This provides the opportunity to bring diverse sources say Cineon Log files QuickTime sRGB movies and linear light Exr s all into a common working color space typically linear and then to apply a common output transform to get the pixels to the display RV s built in hardware conversions can handle Cineon Log sRGB Viper Log and other useful transforms 4 8 Stereo RV supports playback of stereoscopic source material RV has two methods for handling stereo source material first any source may have multiple layers and RV will treat the first two video layers of a source as left and right eyes for the purpose of stereo display Left and right layers do not need to be the same resolution or format because RV always conforms media to fit the display window Second RV supports stereo QuickTime movies taking the first two video tracks as left and right eyes and multi view EXR files RVIO can author stereo QuickTime movies and multi view EXR files as well so a complete stereo publishing and review pipeline can be built with these tools See the section on 9 for more information about how stereo is ha
137. ng Rendering Audio Formats Packages Default Renderer Type Default Software Resampling Method Area gt Maximum Image Bit Depth 32 Bits Channel B Default Background Pattern Cross Hatch E M Allow Floating Point _ Floating Point 3D LUTs 7 Use OpenGL Pixel Buffer Objects 7 Prefetch Images mM Video Sync Figure 11 1 Render Preference Pane 77 CHAPTER 11 MAXIMIZING PERFORMANCE 000 RV Preferences General Caching Rendering Audio Formats Packages 7 gt Default Cache Mode No Caching Look Ahead Cache Size 0 1 Gb Region Cache Max Size 0 5 Gb Max Look Ahead Wait Time 5 seconds Reader Threads 2 Requires Restart Figure 11 2 Caching Preference Pane 11 1 File I O and Decoding Latency When reading frames directly from disk file I O is often a huge bottleneck Tf your frames live across a network connection such as an NFS mount the latency can be even greater Ideally if RV is playing frames without caching those frames would be on a local disk drive RAID or SAN sitting on a fast bus Part of the I O process is decoding compressed image formats If the decoding is compute intensive the time spent decoding may become a bottleneck If good playback performance off of disk is a requirement you should choose a format that does not require extensive decoding Cineon or DPX or one that can be parallelized EXR As always there is a tradeoff between file size and decoding time I
138. ng method area linear cubic nearest default area Use floating point LUTs 1 yes 0 no default 1 Apply file LUT Apply display LUT Flip image flip vertical keep orientation flags the same Flop image flip H Nzontal keep orientation flags the same Y RY BY sub sampled planar output Y RY BY A sub sampled planar output CHAPTER 14 RVIO shell gt rvig TO OPS OOO O aie TOO mo SCI AA O OPS OOO PA a 0 TOO MOV 14 2 Advanced Usage 14 2 1 Editing Sequences RVIO can combine multiple sequences and write out a single output sequence or movie This allows you to quickly edit and conform shell gt rvio foo 25 122 exr bar 8 78 exr Oo foo mov shells rvio foo exr foo aiff bar exr bar aiff o foobar mov Note that you can cut in and out of movie files as well SISMO ES OA MOS oleae On lO AAN AS SOMA SA 0o out mov 14 2 2 Processing RV Session Files RV session files can be used as a way to author operations for processing with RVIO Most operations and settings in RV can be used by RVIO For example RV can be used in a compositing mode to do an over or difference or split screen comparison RV can also be used to set up edits with per source color corrections e g a unique LUT for each sequences exposure or color adjustments per sequences an overall output LUT etc SSI MORO OATES ONO ONON Any View in the session file can be used as the source for
139. nge is limited to 0 0 lt gt 1 0 The number of entries must be equal to the value on the sixth valid line The ninth valid line is the number of entries in the blue 1D preLUT It is an integer The tenth valid line contains the input entries for the blue 1D preLUT These are floats and the range is not limited The number of entries must be equal to the value on the ninth valid line The eleventh valid line contains the output entries for the blue 1D preLUT These are floats and the range is limited to 0 0 lt gt 1 0 The number of entries must be equal to the value on the ninth valid line The twelfth valid line in a 3D LUT contains the axis lengths of the 3D data cube in R G B order The twelfth valid line in a 1D LUT contains the 1D LUT length The thirteenth valid line and onwards contain the LUT data For 3D LUTs the order is red fastest The data are floats and are not range limited The data is evenly spaced The LUT file should be named with the extension csp 121 Appendix H Crash Reporting RV includes a crash reporting mechanism on linux and OS X TWK_CRASH_LOG TWK_CRASH_LOG_PROGRAM TWK_CRASH_LOG_DIRECTORY 122 Appendix I Open Source Components RV uses components licensed under the GNU LGPL and other open source licenses There is no GPL code in any of RV s binaries LGPL code for which Tweak Software or Tweak Films is the copyright holder is sometimes directly compiled into RV not as a shared libra
140. nt overlay inlog insrgb in709 ingamma float inchannepmap inpremult inunpremult exposure float scale float resize int int resampleMethod string floatLUT int flut string dlut string flip flop yryby int int int yrybya int int int int Output sequence or image Output time range default input time range Output time range from rv session files in out points Verbose messages Really Verbose messages Best quality for color conversions slower mostly unnecessary No separate frame ranges 1 10 will be considered a file Number of reader render threads default 1 Show all supported image and movie formats I O Method O standard 1 buffered 2 unbuffered 3 MemoryMap 4 AsyncBuffered 5 AsyncUnbuffered default 3 and optional chunk size default 61440 View to render default defaultSequence or current view in rv file Insert leader slate can use multiple time Number of leader frames default 1 Visual overlay s can use multiple times Convert input to linear space via Cineon Log gt Lin Convert input to linear space from sRGB space Convert input to linear space from Rec 709 space Convert input using gamma correction to linear space map input channels premultiply alpha and color un premultiply alpha and color Apply relative exposure change in stops Scale input image geometry Resize input image geometry to exact size on input 0 maintain image aspect Resampli
141. o each individual application whether it recognizes the protocol Some applications can be taught to treat anything of the form name as a link to the name protocol but others are hard coded to only recognize http ftp etc Some examples of apps that will recognize rvlinks are e Firefox e Safari e Internet Explorer e Thunderbird e Mac Mail e IChat One example of an app that will only recognize a hard coded set of protocol types is Pidgin To use an rvlink in HTML this kind of thing should work lt a href rvlink 1 play path to my movie mov gt play movie lt a gt Note the quotation marks In other settings like pasting into an email for example you may want a web encoded URL since an RV command line can contain arbitrary characters RV will do the web encoding for you if you ask it to do so on the command line For example if you run rv 1 solay path to my movie mov ncodeURL 109 APPENDIX B THE RVLINK PROTOCOL USING RV AS A URL HANDLER RV will print the encoded url to the terminal rvlink 20 1 20 play 20 2Fpath 2FtoS2Fmy 2Fmovie mov Some browsers however like IE and Konqueror seem to modify even encoded URLs before they get to the protocol handler If the rvlink URL contains interesting characters even an encoded URL will not work with these browsers To address this issue RV also supports as of version 3 8 6 fully baked URLs that look like this rv
142. o group the files into a logical movie Note this will only work on Linux or Mac OS or some other unix like shell like cygwin on Windows When you want to play a subset of frames or audio needs to be included you can specify the sequence using the or Q notation similar to Shake s or the print like notation using similar to Nuke rv foo tif GY ROOS Dis CEI rv foo 2 8 tit IY OS ZAS 6 ic ase Py COO 004C Twr IY COG ASS O is CLE Bos The first example above plays all frames in the foo movie the second line plays all frames starting at frame 2 and the third plays only frame 2 through frame 8 The fourth line uses the Q notation which forces RV to assume 0 padded frame numbers in this case four O characters indicate a four character padding The final two examples use the printf like syntax accepted by nuke In the first case the entire frame range is specified with the assumption that the frame numbers will be padded with 0 up to four characters In the final two examples the range is limited to frames 2 through 8 Sometimes you will encounter or create an image sequence which is purposefully missing frames For example you may be rendering something that is very expensive to render and only wish to look at every tenth frame In this case you can specify the increment using the x character like this 16 CHAPTER 3 COMMAND LINE USAGE IY ED LLO O 154118 o
143. of audio files can be added they will be played simultaneously 3 2 3 Per Source Arguments There are a few arguments which can be applied with in the square brackets See Table 3 2 The range offset is a simple additive offset to the original frame number so for example to shift the start frame of a movie file without a time code track so that it starts at frame 101 instead of 1 Sells rv z 100 tOO mow l You must use the square brackets to set per source arguments and the square brackets must be sur rounded by spaces The in and out per source arguments are an easy way to create an EDL on the command line even when playing movie files 3 2 4 A note on the fps per source argument The point of the fps arg is to provide a scaling factor in cases where the frame rate of the media cannot be determined and you want to play an audio file with it For example if you want to play foo dpx foo wav in the same session with bar f dpx bar wav but the native frame rate of foo is 24fps and the native frame rate of bar is 30fps then you might want to say shell gt rv foo dpx foo wav fps 24 bar dpx bar wav fps 30 This will ensure that the video and audio are synced properly no matter what frame rate you use for playback To clarify further the per source fps flag has no relation to the frame rate that is used for playback and in general RV plays media all loaded media at wh
144. of the UI name in the sequence group Of course the above is not typical in a production environment Usually there are handles which need to possibly be editted out There are two ways to do this with RV either set the cut points in each source and tell the sequence to use them or create an EDL in the sequence which excludes the handles To start with we ll show the first method set the cut points This method is easy to implement and the sequence interface has a button on it that lets the user toggle the in out cuts on off in realtime If the user reorders the sequence the cuts will be maintained When using this method any sequence in the session can be made to use the same cut information it propagates down from the source to the sequence instead of being stored for each sequence Setting the cut in out points requires adding a property to the RVFileSource objects and specifying the in and out frames sourceGroup000000_source RVFileSource 1 media string movie shot00 mov Cue ioe akin 8 ic Gut 55 sourceGroup000001_source RVFileSource 1 media string movie shot01 mov Cishe ape ra 5 alin owe 1102 95 CHAPTER 13 RV FILE FORMAT sourceGroup000002_source RVFileSource 1 media string movie shot02 mov cue Finally the most flexibly way to control playback is to create an EDL The EDL is stored in an RVSe quence node which is a me
145. ofound impact on I O speed for most formats You can select the number of threads from 78 CHAPTER 11 MAXIMIZING PERFORMANCE Method Number Description Standard 0 Use the standard native I O method on the platform On Windows this uses the WIN32 API On Linux Mac the standard C I O streams are used The file may be decoded piecemeal Buffered 1 Use the standard I O but prefer that the file system cache is used Attempt to read the file in the largest chunk possible Unbuffered 2 Use the standard I O but ask the kernel to bypass the file system cache Attempt to read the file in the largest chunk possible Memory Mapped 3 Memory Map files using the native memory mapping API Asynchronous Buffered 4 Asynchronous I O using the native API The chunk size may need to be manually tuned Asynchronous Unbuffered 5 Asynchronous I O using the native API and bypassing the file system cache The chunk size may need to be manually tuned Table 11 1 I O Methods the command line using rthreads or via the preferences under Preferences Caching requires restarting RV to take effect The optimal number of threads to use varies with file format hardware and network or storage However a good rule of thumb is to use the number of cores minus one this leaves one core to handle I O overhead and other threads like audio which may need to run as well In some cases using more threads may increase performance and in others it will decrease
146. ol is not associated with any program Register_the_protocol_in_Firefox Konqueror sadly seems to munge URLs before giving them to the protocol handler For example by swapping upper for lowercase letters And sometimes it does not pass them on at all This means some rvlink URLs will work and some won t so we recommend only baked rvlink urls with Konqueror at the moment see Appendix B 2 4 Windows 2 4 1 Requirements RV is built to work with NVidia graphics cards on Windows For best results a current NVidia driver which supports OpenGL 2 0 is recommended RV can use older drivers and hardware but many of its features namely color correction and display correction may be disabled The 32 bit version of RV requires that QuickTime 7 be installed on Windows 2 4 2 Installation and Licensing Download the latest Windows version of RV onto your Windows PC For 32 bit RV this will be a windows installer executable Double click on the installer icon Follow the instructions to install RV For 64 bit windows the download will by a zip file that you can unzip into the desired location RV requires a license file from Tweak in order to run If you do not have a valid license file installed RV will launch a dialog for installing your license Use the add license button on the license manager dialog to browse to the license file you have received from Tweak Make sure to save before you close the license manager If you don t ye
147. on Magnifier At Top Step Wraps At In Out Figure 4 15 Timeline Magnifier Configuration Popup Menu 4 5 Audio When playing back audio with an image sequence or movie file RV can be in one of two modes video locked to audio or audio locked to video When a movie with audio plays back at its native speed the video is locked to the audio stream This ensures that the audio and video are in sync If you change the frame rate of the video the opposite will occur the audio will be locked to the video When this happens RV will synthesize new audio based on the existing audio in an attempt to either stretch or compress the playback in time When pushed to the limits the audio synthesis can create artifacts e g when slowing down or speeding up by a factor of 2 or more RV can handle audio files with any sample rate and can re sample on the fly to match the output sample rate required by the available audio hardware The recommended formats are AIFF or WAV Use of mp3 and audio only AAC files is not supported Audio settings can be changed using the items on the Audio Menu Volume time Offset and Balance can be edited per source or globally for the session The RV Preferences Audio tab lets you choose the default audio device and set the initial volume as well as some other technical options that are rarely changed For visualizing the audio waveform see Section 4 4 1 4 5 1 Audio Preferences RV provides audio preferences in the Prefer
148. on from the file reader to determine if it needs to unpremult the incoming data or not This behavior can be overriden Source Non color modifying Operations transform retime compositing Display Group Color Correct Color Correct Conversion to Linear File LUT sRGB Rec709 to Linear Linear Space Luminance LUT Relative Exposure Hue Rotation Look Space Look LUT Display Gamma sRGB or Rec709 Display Brightness Figure 6 1 RV Pixel Pipeline 49 The File LUT can go direct to linear or to SRGB space and then to linear via the sRGB gt Linear operation that comes after it The File Gamma Correction can be thought of as either a conversion to linear space or as a color correction Channel Map selects and reorders image channel directly from the input file Channel Reorder changes the order of the incoming R G B and A right before rasterization Channel Isolate constrains the display to only a single channel CHAPTER 6 HOW A PIXEL GETS FROM A FILE TO THE SCREEN Attribute How Its Used ColorSpace Primaries Documents the name of the primary space if it has one ColorSpace Transfer Contains the name of the transfer function used to convert non linear R G B values to linear R G B values ColorSpace Conversion If the image is encoded as a variant of luminance chroma this attribute documen
149. on the check box next to the name The package is installed in the same support directory in which it was added General Caching Rendering Audio Formats Packages Installed Load Name File Version Author e a Skype Sync rvskype 0 2 rvpkg Tweak Software O Shotgun Integration shotgun zip 1 30 Tweak Software Mm Mm Annotation annotate 1 5 rvpkg 1 5 Tweak Software mM Mm Export Cuts export_cuts 1 1 rvpkg 1 1 Tweak Software _ M MM Missing Frame Bling missing_frame_bling 1 2 rvpkg a2 Tweak Software Tunal Cofhunen Skype Sync 0 Author Tweak Software Organization Tweak Software Contact support tweaksoftware com URL http www tweaksoftware com rv packages rvskype html Version 0 2 a RV Version 3 10 1 v Add Packages Remove Package M Show Hidden Packages 4 Figure 8 1 Package Manager A package can be added removed installed and uninstalled for all users or by a single user Usually administrator priviliges are necessary to operate on packages system wide When a package is added the rvpkg file it is copied into a known location in the support path Its best to avoid editing files in these locations because RV tries to manage them itself When a package is installed the contents will be installed in directories of the support directory When first installed packages are loaded by default To prevent a packgae from loading uncheck the load check box This is useful for ins
150. ood property controls which channel or luminance is displayed Channel isolation occurs when the internal image is rendered to the display 59 CHAPTER 6 HOW A PIXEL GETS FROM A FILE TO THE SCREEN 6 8 3 Out of range Display The Out of Range color transform operates per channel If channel data is 0 0 or less the channel value is clamped to 0 0 If the channel data is greater than 1 0 the channel data is clamped to 1 0 If the channel data is in the range 0 0 1 0 the data is clamped to 0 5 The idea behind the transform is to display colors that are potentially problematic If the pixels are grey then they are safe in the 0 0 1 0 range If they are brightly colored or dark they are out of range 0 0 is usually considered an out of range color for computer graphics applications when the image is intended for final output Some compositing programs have trouble dealing with negative values Note that HDR images will definitely display non grey bright pixels when the out of range transform is applied However they probably should not display dark pixels You can turn on Out of range Display from the View menu 60 Chapter 7 Using LUTs in RV Look up tables LUTs are useful for approximating complicated color transforms especially those which have no known precise mathematical representation RV provides four points in its color pipeline where LUTs can be applied just after reading the file and before caching p
151. ossible RVIO can be used with a command line very similar to RV s with additional arguments for specifying the output Any number of sources and layers can be given to RVIO using the same syntax as you would use for RV Some basic RVIO command line examples are shell gt rvio foo exr o foo mov shell lo roo ext POC euE 0 OO SIMON shell gt syto oo lc me of Era Foo lees exa Fonade gt outstereo o foo mov And of course shell gt rvio help RVIO usage is more fully described in Chapter14 1 3 2 Processing RV Session Files RVIO can also take RV session files rv files as input RV session files can contain composites color corrections LUTs edits and other information that might be easier to specify interactively in RV than by using the command line RV session files can be saved from RV and then processed with RVIO For example Ela lLl gt vio roo ry 0 COO OWT o Eve 9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION When rvio operates on a session file any of the Views defined in the session file can be selected to provide rvio s output so a single session could generate any number of different output sequences or movies depending on which of the session s views you choose 1 3 3 Slates Mattes Watermarks etc RVIO uses Mu scripts to create slates frame burn in and other operations that are useful for generating dailies client reviews and other outputs These scripts are usable as is but they can a
152. owFloatingPoint Channel Data Type Display Range Relative Memory Consumption 8 bit int 0 0 1 0 1 16 bit int 0 0 1 0 2 16 bit float inf inf 2 32 bit float inf inf 4 Table 6 3 Characteristics of Channel Data Types 51 CHAPTER 6 HOW A PIXEL GETS FROM A FILE TO THE SCREEN 6 3 2 Channel Remapping RV provides a few similar functions which allow you to remap image channels to display channels The most general method is called Channel Remapping When Channel Remapping is active RV reads all of the channel data in an image This may result in images with too many channels internally five or more so RV will choose four channels to map to RGBA You specify exactly which channels RV will choose and what order they should be in The easiest way to accomplish this is in the user interface By executing Tools Remap Source Image Channels you can type in the names of the channels you want mapped to RGBA separated by commas Using the previous example of an EXR with A B G R Z channels and you d like to see Z as alpha you could type in R G B Z when prompted If you d like to see the value of Z as a greyscale image you could type in Z or Z A if you want to see the alpha along with it It is also possible to add channels to incoming images using Channel Remapping If you specify channel names that do not exist in the image file new channels will be created This is especially useful if you n
153. ows Microsoft Ae an UYU ap a acia ae WY args append filename else args append rv_path if sv in filename isStereo True args append filename re sub r dtd s sequence_interval filename args filename replace V v for v in nuke views args append else args append filename if not isStereo args append sequence_interval else 113 APPENDIX C USING RV AS NUKE S FLIP BOOK PLAYER args append stereo args append pair or anaglyph scanline etc un comment to apply gamma to linear EXRs args append gamma args append 2 2 args append play play on launch args append c region cache nuke IrToken print args os spawnv os P_NOWAITO rv_path args 114 Appendix D Using RV as Shake s Flip Book Player RV can be used as a substitute for Shake s flipbook program for most versions of Shake on OS X and Linux For versions 3 5 or greater you will need to edit the shake include file flipbook h to include the following gui externalFlipbookPath path to RV app Contents MacOS shkv_rv oval EOS o eo Wha gui flipbookExtraArgs RV path to RV app Contents MacOS RV gui flipbookZoomArg z gui flipbookTimeArg t Gola 1c al oloooldn ie Suuae Venas If you have an older version of shake you can still use RV as the flipbook program
154. pful to have familiarized yourself with the GTO documentation before reading this section The documentation should come with RV or you can read it on line at the GTO web site GTO Documentation http www tweaksoftware com products open source software gto 13 1 How RV Uses GTO RV defines a number of new GTO object protocols types of objects The GTO file is made up of objects which contain components which contain properties where the actual data resides RV s use of the format is to store nodes in an image processing graph as GTO objects How the nodes are connected is determined by RV and is not currently arbitrary so there are no connections between the objects stored in the file Some examples of RV object types include e The RVSession object one per file which stores information about the session This includes the full frame range currently marked frames the playback FPS and whether or not to use real time playback among other things e RVLayoutGroup RVSourceGroup RVRetimeGroup RVStackGroup RVDisplayGroup and RVSequenceGroup nodes which form the top level of the image processing graph e One or more RVFileSource objects each within an RVSourceGroup which specify all of the media movies audio files image sequences which are available in the session e Color correction objects like RVColor nodes which are members of RVSourceGroup objects e Image format objects like RVFormat or RVChannelMap which are also members of
155. ple values RV uses linear interpolation for channel LUTs and tri linear interpolation for 3D LUTs There are a number of ways to create a LUT For film look simulation it s often necessary to have special hardware to measure and compare film recorder output Alternately you use a lightbox and assuming you have a well calibrated neutral monitor eyeball the LUT by comparing the film to the monitor RV has two different algorithms for applying the LUTs on the GPU using floating point or fixed point integer textures Not all cards are equally capable with 3D LUTs and floating point If RV detects that the card probably can t do a good job with the floating point hardware it will switch to a fixed point representation using 16 bit integer LUTs Sometimes eventhough the driver reports that the LUTs can be floating point you will see banding in the final images If that occurs try forcing the use fixed point LUTs by turning off the Floating Point 3D LUTs item on the Rendering tab of the preferences The fixed point LUT algorithm will perform just as well as floating point in 99 of normal use cases 7 1 Channel 1D versus 3D LUTs A channel LUT also called a 1D LUT has three independent look up tables one each for the R G and B channels The alpha channel is not affected by the channel LUT Channel LUTs may be very high resolution with up to 4096 samples Each entry in the channel LUT maps an input channel value to an output channel value
156. plied If values are not in linear space color correction and display correction transforms can still be applied but the results will not be correct and in some cases will be misleading So it s important to realize what color space an image is in and to tell RV to linearize it 6 5 1 Non Rec 709 Primaries If an image has attributes which provide primaries RV will use this information to transform the color to the standard REC 709 primaries RGB space automatically This is done by concatenating two matrices a transform to CIE XYZ space followed by a transform to RGBvog space 6 5 2 Y RY BY Conversion OpenEXR files can be in stored as Y RY BY channels The EXR reader will pass these files to RV as planar images three separate images instead of one image with three channels RV will then recombine the images in hardware into RGBA This is advantageous when one or more of the original image planes are subsampled Subsampled image planes have a reduced resolution Typically the chroma channels in this case RY and BY are subsampled 6 5 3 YUV YCbCr Conversion Some formats may produce YUV or YUVA images to be displayed RV can decode these in hardware for better performance RV uses the following matrix to transform YUV to RGB 1 0 1 402 Y 1 0 344136 0 714136 U 1 1 772 0 V where O lt Y lt 1 0 5 lt U lt 0 5 0 5 lt V lt 0 5 In the case of Photo JPEG the YUV data coming from a movie file is assumed to use the full g
157. port OpenExr s B44 compression which is a fixed bandwidth floating point high dynamic range compression scheme Shekil vio rOn 6 SEIS OM rongele e UNE O IFO Hp pease SiS LO Odio SR Obiciolrmen S Lae O OO y j o CLE Ouro Shella yo 100 i Cilia LALO 0 LO oia e Ofic ore LS loe shell cyi footie sx SOU EE O Ema SA float O E OO dE Shells invaloutOOnie cx CCEE BULA ao L 2 2 2 oa A 16 float shell gt rvio foo exr codec B44A yryby 1 2 2 outformat 16 float outchannelmap R G B 14 2 6 Advanced QuickTime Movie Conversions RVIO uses Apple QuickTime on OS X and Windows platforms On Linux RVIO relies on libquicktime The codecs available vary among the platforms On OS X and Windows RVIO will make use of any installed QuickTime components For example if you have Final Cut Pro installed RVIO will be able to use the Apple ProRes codec that is shipped with FCP Many codecs are also available to freely download and install for Mac and Windows You can find out what codecs are available for reading and writing by using the formats flag This will also tell you the full name and the four letter name of the codec e g H 264 is referred to as avcl Both names will work with RVIO RVIO lets you specify the output codec and can collect parameters for the output key interval outkeyinterval and the output data r
158. ption decodes the log space pixels directly to linear without interpolation inside a hardware shader and results in the full 0 13 5 range RVIO decodes Cineon and DPX to 16 bit integer by default The DPX and Cineon writers are both currently limited to 10 bit output 12 2 4 IFF ILBM The IFF image format commonly created by Maya or Shake is supported by RV including the 32 bit float version 12 2 5 JPEG RV can read JPEG natively as Y U V or R G B formats The reader can collect any EXIF tags and pass them along as image attributes The reader is limited to 8 bits per channel files Like OpenEXR DPX and Cineon JPEG there is a choice of I O method with JPEG images 12 2 6 RAW Camera Formats There are a number of camera vendor specific formats which RV can read on OS X This is mostly a result of OS X s frameworks for image reading Typically if one of Apple s products can read the format then so can RV A Linux raw reader is forthcoming RV currently does not support raw camera formats on Windows 12 3 Audio File Formats RV supports a number of basic uncompressed audio file formats across platforms On Windows and OS X a number of compressed formats may be supported Currently use of Microsoft wave files and Apple s AIFF formats are the best bet for cross platform use RV can use either stereo or mono audio it does not handle more than two channel audio output but will mix multi channel audio to stereo 12 4 Simple ASCI
159. ques 1 Hit the e key to enter exposure editing mode Then 2 Click and drag left or right to vary the exposure and then release the mouse button to leave the mode OR Roll the mouse wheel to vary the exposure and then hit return to leave the mode 3 3 4 OR Hit return type the new exposure value at the prompt and hit return again typing or any digit also starts this text entry mode 5 OR Use the and keys to vary the exposure and then hit return to leave the mode Some parameters in RV don t use virtual sliders you can edit these directly by entering the new value e g to change the playback frames per second 1 Hit Shift F 2 Type in the new frame rate at the prompt and hit return Some other useful parameters and their hot keys e File gamma y CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION e Hue h e Contrast k e Audio Volume ctrl v command v on Mac 1 2 9 Preferences and Command Line Parameters RV s Preferences can be opened with the RV gt Preferences menu item These are worth exploring in some detail They give you fine control over how RV loads and displays images handles color manages the cache handles audio etc RV s preferences map to RV s command line options so almost any option available at the command line can be set to a preferred default value in the Preferences RV also has a noPrefs command line flag so that you can temporarily ignore
160. r alternately like this using the Q notation for padding to four digits TW O IL WOO xALO 1c aac or if the file was padded to three digits like foo 001 tif TAY OO LL ILO 100 Elis In these examples RV will play frames 1 through 100 by tens So it will expect frames 1 11 21 31 41 on up to 91 If there is no obvious increment but the frames need to be group into a sequence you can list the frame numbers with commas E a Or scale In many cases RV can detect file types automatically even if a file extension is not present or is mis labeled 3 1 1 Negative Frame Numbers RV can handle negative frames in image sequences If the frame numbers are zero padded they should look like so OO 5 OZ sc se LO OO IL TE To specify in and out points on the command line in the presence of negative frames just include the minus signs foo 10 20 tif OO LO 557 te aie The first example uses frames 10 to 20 The second example uses frames 10 to 5 Although the use of the character to specify ranges can make the sequence a bit visually confusing the interpretation is not ambiguous 3 2 Source Layers from the Command Line You can create source material from multiple audio image and movie files from the command line by enclosing them in square brackets The typical usage looks something like this Sines el 167 ee O Or Se so bin lamas culazo 1 Note that there are spac
161. re cache LUT 7 3 directly after the cache file LUT just before display transforms look LUT and as one of the display transforms display LUT The first three are per source while there is only a single display LUT for each RV session See 6 1 Each of the LUTs can be either a channel LUT or a 3D LUT the difference is explained below 7 1 In the case of a 3D LUT there can also be an additonal channel pre LUT which can be used to shape the data Both types of LUT are preceeded by an input matrix which can scale high dyamic range data into the range of the LUT input which is the range 0 1 The values the LUT produces can be outside of the 0 1 range This makes it possible for any of the LUTs to transform colors outside of the typical 0 1 range on both input and output Internally RV will store the LUT as either half precision floating point or 16 bit integral Not all hardware is capable of processing LUTs stored as floating point esp the 3D LUTs so if you notice banding or noisy output when using floating point LUT storage you may have better luck with the 16 bit integral representation If RV can determine whether the floating point LUTs are usable itself it will default to whatever is appropriate When applied in hardware the LUTs are interpolated when a value is not exactly represented in the LUT This is usually more of an issue with 3D LUTs than channel LUTs since they have fewer samples per dimension When interpolating between sam
162. rection q ia aa paee naaa Pa REA Re ER A 58 tf SRGB Display Correction 0 060544 04 bee ee a ee 58 6 7 4 Rec 709 Non Linear Transfer Display Correction 000 59 6 7 5 Display Brightness oo ss EASA De ee eee ewe 59 Oss Pinel Deploy FIRES oe co aoe ak a a RO Re AAA A BRR 59 GS Channel Rede kk kk eee arar IN ee ea 59 632 Isolating Chantel cocoa Gk kee a Se a 59 GS Wut ol ramee Display se cesca ee hd ESLER ERE Ede ee ee ed 60 7 Using LUTs in RV 61 G1 Channel 1D versus 3D LOTS 26 ee dae eee OEE EER EEE ES 61 G2 put Matas and PreLUT cocos ns paa Ye ee ee eo 62 woe Tte PreCaci LUT o sessa ee ee ped ede eee ee bb de eee a a R 63 TA LUT Bile Piste ns ic te ae es EE Ee ee Oe oo SS 63 TAL RSR te DUT Porat oo aera ee a A ara 63 8 Packages 65 1 Package Support Pablo ocio da F545 be bbe PP eee de de de de de e dd da 65 Bo lnstalla ion ne oa ee eee RA ERR RR ld A A a BAO A 2 66 8 3 Package Dependencies o REDE a eee A 66 9 Stereo Viewing 67 Ol ABE e cack oS Se Rh eke ee ea we hk AAA AAA 67 9 Side beside and Miror alea Ge eee ee ee ee RA aaa ae ar aes 69 93 DLP Checker and Scanline 2 046 8 eee RAED EP eee RA AY wo 69 94 Saueezed Stereo Mades o ek a EPA RE Ee ee le ee 70 95 Hardware Stereo Support cc 66562 be a ee ee eae eae eS 70 9 6 Additional Stereo Operations oeoo ee 70 OG IMANES ee ae hee we Oe aS we ied a an ay eae 70 Aia Realities Eye AB a a Sok od ee a eG as ea A A 70 9 6 3 Flip Flop th
163. rectores from the main part of the file browser to the side bar on the left side of the dialog box Recent items and places can be found under the path combo box You can configure the way the browser uses icons from the preferences drop down menu on the upper right of the brower window 4 2 2 Dragging and Dropping On all platforms you can drag and drop file and folder icons into the RV window RV will correctly interpret sequences that are dropped either as multiple files or inside of a directory folder that is dropped LUT files can also be dropped RV uses smart drop targets to give you control over how files are loaded into RV You can drop files as a source or as a layer As you drag the icons over the RV window the drop targets will appear Just drop onto the appropriate one On Linux RV should be compatible with the KDE and Gnome desktops It is possible with these desktops or any that supports the XDnD protocol to drag file icons onto an RV window If multiple icons are dropped onto RV at the same time the order in which the sequences are loaded is undefined To associate an audio file with an image sequence or movie drop the audio file as a layer rather than as a source 4 3 Examining an Image RV normalizes image geometry to fit into its viewing window If you load two files containing the same image but at different resolutions RV will show you the images with the same apparent size So for example if these images ar
164. ry Tweak Software takes open source licensing seriously Open source software can have huge social benifits and we ourselves have benefited from the work of open source developers We have in the past contributed time code and funding to open source projects and will continue to do so in the future 11 GTO The session file rv is a form of GTO file The GTO file library is distributed under the terms similar to the BSD license and is available from our website The GTO format was invented and is copyrighted by Tweak Films The GTO source distribution includes a handful of tools to edit GTO files independently of any applica tion Also included is a Python module which makes editing the files extremely easy RV ships with prebuilt versions of GTO command line tools 1 2 Libquicktime RV currently uses libquicktime which is distributed under the terms of the GNU LGPL to read and write QuickTime dv MP4 and AVI movie files The libquicktime library can be found in RV_HOME 1ib as a shared object Libquicktime is capable of reading codecs not shipped with RV You can read documentation at the libquicktime website to find out how to write or install new codecs Plugin codecs can be found in SRV_HOME plugins lat in the RV distribution tree New codecs can be installed in the same location Source code for libquicktime and the plugins used by RV is included with the RV distribution 13 FFMPEG On Linux RV uses an LGPL only version
165. s for example with low quality compression may look fine when viewed one eye at a time but in anaglyph mode JPEG or similar artifacts will be greatly amplified by slight color differences The best way to view compressed material is with luminance display turned on no color 67 CHAPTER 9 STEREO VIEWING Figure 9 3 Anaglyph Display With Desaturation 68 CHAPTER 9 STEREO VIEWING 9 2 Side by Side and Mirror Side by Side mode displays the left and right eyes next to each other horizontally in full color Some people are comfortable crossing their eyes to see stereo using this mode Mirror mode is similar but the right eye is flopped If you need the left eye flopped turn on mirror mode and select Image gt Flop or hit shift X this will have the effect of mirroring the left eye instead Note that the same effect can be produced by flopping the right eye only in mirror mode Figure 9 4 Side by Side Stereo Display 000 45 dice_left tif Frame 1 Figure 9 5 Mirror Display Mode 9 3 DLP Checker and Scanline These modes are designed to work with DLP projectors or LCD displays that directly support stereo display In particular RV supports the SpectronIQ HD LCD display and DLP projectors using the Texas Instrument s checkerboard 3D DLP input 69 CHAPTER 9 STEREO VIEWING Figure 9 6 DLP left and LCD Scanline right Stereo Display 9 4 Squeezed Stereo Modes RV also provides Vertical Squeez
166. s 4Mb of memory internally while the same image as 16 bit floating point requires 8Mb and a 32 bit float image requires 16Mb So by having RV reduce a 32 bit float image to an 8 bit image you can pack four times the number of frames into memory without changing the image size Not caching the Alpha channel of a 4 channel image will also reduce the memory footprint of the frames You can tell RV to remap the image channels to R G B before caching See 6 3 2 This may affect playback speed for other reasons depending on your graphics card You will need to experiment to determine if this works well on your system 11 3 1 Pixel Buffer Objects PBOs and Prefetch RV has an optional method of uploading pixels to the graphics card PBOs Normally this is the fast path for maximum bandwidth to the card However some combinations of driver and GPU may result in poor performance You can turn off the use of PBOs in the preferences or from the command line if you suspect PBOs are causing a bottleneck Prefetch is only useful in conjunction with PBOs Prefetch will attempt to asynchronously upload upcom ing frames to the card ahead of the display frame This option can add another 20 to display performance in some cases and cause a negative impact in others If you re using a particular image format frequently its a good idea to test using PBOs and prefetch to see how they perform on your hardware To do so cache a number of frames using the region ca
167. s and the playback will be as well sourceGroup000000_source RVSource 0 media string movie a mov sourceGroup000001_source RVSource 0 media string movie b mov connections connection 1 evaluation string lhs sourceGroup000000 sourceGroup000001 sourceGroup000002 string rhs sequence sequence 4The example RV file has fewer line breaks than one which RV would write However its still valid 96 CHAPTER 13 RV FILE FORMAT global start frame source in out edit 1 1 amov 1 10 edit 2 11 bmov 1 10 edit 3 21 a mov 11 21 edit 4 31 b mov 11 21 past end 41 b mov 21 21 Table 13 1 EDL as Matrix Sequence rv RVSession 1 session int 2 range 1 40 Ns i ail 2il Sil 40 float fps 24 string viewNode sequence sequence RVSequence 0 edl iae Frama 1 ii 2i Si 424i ioe sorce O dt Tt i al a al a f 1 1 11 11 21 alin OWE LAO 10 21 21 21 mode int autoEDL 0 The source property indexes the inputs to the sequence node So index 0 refers to sourceGroup000000 and index 1 refers to sourceGroup000001 This EDL has four edits which are played sequentially as follows 1 a mov frames 1 10 2 b mov frames 1 10 3 a mov frames 11 21 4 b mov frames 11 21 You can think of the properties in the sequence as forming a transposed matrix in which the properties are columns and edits
168. sions for contacts and initiate connections to contacts You 73 CHAPTER 10 NETWORKING can also specify the behavior RV when new contacts try to connect to your RV This is most useful when RV is used by multiple people for example in a common space like a view station Often instances of RV running in common spaces should be more conservative about allowing connections without asking To change an existing contacts permissions double click on the current value where it says Allow Ask or Reject You should see a pop up menu which lets you change the value To initiate a connection to an existing contact double click on the contact name or machine name There is also a pop up menu which lets you delete an existing contact or initiate a connection OOO RV Networkin Configuration Contacts Connections Connected Name Machine Permission 0 admin gora Allow O jimh 192 168 1 100__ Allow 2 a jimh gora v Ask Permission for New Contacts 4 Running Connect 4 E Stop Network 3 0 Connections i M Status Figure 10 3 Network Contacts Page 10 1 4 Networking Across the Internet Its possible to connect to a remote RV across the internet in a peer to peer fashion but special care needs to be taken We recommend one of two methods using ssh tunneling or using a VPN SSH tunnelling is well known in the IT community Since there is no standard firewall configuration you will need to understand both
169. space are considered not valid and are ignored Lines can be escaped to the next line with All values on a single line are space delimited BEGIN METADATA indicates the start of the meta data section END METADATA indicates the end of the meta data section The above two lines and everything in between them are not considered valid lines are ignored by the parser The first line must contain the LUT type and version identifier CSPLUTV100 The second line must contain either 38D or 1D 120 APPENDIX G RISING SUN RESEARCH CINESPACE CSP FILE FORMAT The third valid line is the number of entries in the red 1D preLUT It is an integer The fourth valid line contains the input entries for the red 1D preLUT These are floats and the range is not limited The number of entries must be equal to the value on the third valid line The fifth valid line contains the output entries for the red 1D preLUT These are floats and the range is limited to 0 0 lt gt 1 0 The number of entries must be equal to the value on the third valid line The sixth valid line is the number of entries in the green 1D preLUT It is an integer The seventh valid line contains the input entries for the green 1D preLUT These are floats and the range is not limited The number of entries must be equal to the value on the sixth valid line The eighth valid line contains the output entries for the green 1D preLUT These are floats and the ra
170. splay group its name can be anything but it must be unique e If there is an RVDisplayGroup in the file it must be called displayGroup e If the object is a member of a group its name should have the pattern groupName_nodeName where groupName is the name of the group the node is a member of The nodeName can be anything but RV will use the type name in lowercase without the RV at the front e Ifthe object isa RVFileSourceGroup or RVImageSourceGroup it should be named sourceGroupXXXXXX where the Xs form a six digit zero padded number RV will create source groups starting with number 000000 and increment the number for each new source group it creates If a source group is deleted RV may reuse its number when creating a new group e The connection object should be named connections e The RVSession object can have any name 13 3 A Simple Example The simplest RV file you can create is a one which just causes RV to load a single movie file or image This example loads a QuickTime file called test mov from the directory RV was started in GTOa 3 sourceGroup000000_source RVFileSource 0 media string movie test mov The first line is required for a text GTO file it indicates the fact that the file is text format and that the GTO file version is 3 All of the other information the frame ranges etc will be automatically generated when the file is read By default RV will play the entire range o
171. t have a license you will need to get one from Tweak RV s licenses are locked to your computer using the HostID Send this ID to Tweak to have a license generated for your computer The Ethernet ID looks something like this 00 19 E3 04 8B 80 The correct HostID for your computer will be displayed in the license manager dialog in the HostID field on the left 2 4 3 Structure of RV on Windows RV is installed by default into C Program Files Tweak RV 3 10 A Tweak folder is created by default in the Windows start menu and you are given the option of creating a desktop shortcut during installation RV and other Tweak executable files rv exe rvio exe etc are placed in the bin subdirectory If you wish to use RV as the protocol handler for the rvlink URL protocol see Appendix B the protocol handler must be registered If you used the exe windows installer RV was registered as the rvlink protocol handler as part of that process If you installed from the zip package you can edit the file rvlink reg in the etc directory to point to the location where you installed RV Then run this file double click to edit the registry to register RV as the rvlink protocol handler 13 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION MM Tweak License Installer D 00 14 48 53 9D 04 E eee Figure 2 1 Tweak License Installer 14 Chapter 3 Command Line Usage In this chapter the emphasis will be on using the software from a unix like shell On Windows
172. talled packages which are not uninstallable because of permissions While the install status of a package is universal to everyone that can see it the load status is per user Note a restart of RV is before a change in a packages Installed or Loaded state takes effect 8 3 Package Dependencies Packages may be dependent on other packages If you select a package to be installed but it requires that other packages be installed as well RV will ask you if it can install them immediately A similar situation can occur when setting the load flag for a package When uninstalling unloading the opposite can happen a package may be required by another that is using it In that case RV will ask to uninstall unload the dependent packages as well Some packages may require a minimum version of RV If a package requires a newer version RV will not allow you to install it In some cases manual editing of the support directory may lead to a partially installed or uninstalled package The package manager has a limited ability to recover from that situation and will ask for guidance 66 Chapter 9 Stereo Viewing RV can display the first two image layers as stereo There are several options e Anaglyph Side by Side e Mirrored Side by Side DLP Checker Scanline Interleaved e Left or Right eye only e Hardware Left and Right Buffers The stereo rendering is designed to work with the other features of RV In most cases color corrections i
173. the monitor These usually involve a passthrough cable between the monitor and video card 2 Blueline glasses These usually involve a passthrough cable between the monitor and video card The glasses know which eye to display based on the length of a blue line visible at the bottom of the screen When in this mode the root window dimensions are one pixel shorter in the Y dimension than requested This mode does not work with virtual root window sizes larger than the visible root window size desktop panning 3 Onboard stereo support This is usually only found on professional cards The glasses connect via a DIN connector on the back of the video card 4 TwinView clone mode stereo aka passive stereo On video cards that support TwinView the left eye is displayed on the first display and the right eye is displayed on the second display This is normally used in conjuction with special projectors to produce 2 polarized images which are then viewed with polarized glasses To use this stereo mode you must also configure TwinView in clone mode with the same resolution panning offset and panning domains on each display Stereo is only available on Quadro cards Stereo options 1 2 and 3 aka active stereo may be used with TwinView if all modes within each metamode have identical timing values Please see Appendix J for suggestions on making sure the modes within your metamodes are identical The identical modeline requ
174. the RVIO output Shelley tomo au 0 r00 Moy Miles Shores 14 2 3 Advanced Image Conversions RVIO has flags to handle standard colorspace gamma and log lin conversions for both inputs and outputs Shell yo ronca Lalo O Odo ji exe shell gt rvio foo exr o foo cin outlog shell gt rvio foo jpeg insrgb o foo exr shell gt vio OO Exi ROO orale OUEGammameas2 shell gt rvio foo exr o foo jpeg outsrgb shell gt rvio foo cin inlog o foo mov outsrgb comment Movie is in sRGB space 14 2 4 LUTs RVIO can apply a LUT to input files and an output LUT RVIO s command line only supports one file LUT and one display LUT The file LUT will be applied to all the input sources before conversion and and the output LUT will be applied to the entire session on output If you need to process a sequences with a different file LUT per sequence you can do that by creating an RV session file with the desired LUTs and color settings to use as input to RVIO shell gt rvio foo cin bar cin inlog flut in cube dlut out cube o foobar mov 101 CHAPTER 14 RVIO 14 2 5 Pixel Storage Formats and Channel Mapping RVIO provides control over pixel storage floating point or integer bit depth planar subsampling and chan nel mapping The planar subsampling options are particularly used to sup
175. the command back remove the help option and continue typing the rest of the command shell gt Ss 0 MAS ee ci lrem s5 Nelo rv shows help Usage RV movie and image viewer hit up arrow in shell back up over help and continue typing sasl ry ios 30 tTulLsezecea i iram 5 Play Coo mov Finally you can do some simple arithmetic on option arguments For example if you know you want to apply an inverse gamma of 2 2 to an image to view it you could do this shell gt rv gamma 1 2 2 which is identical to this shell gt rv gamma 0 454545454545 3 1 Image Sequence Notation RV has a special syntax to describe image sequences as source movies Sequences are assumed to be files with a common base name followed by a frame number and an image type extension For example the filenames foo 1 tif and foo 0001 tif would be interpreted as frame 1 of the TIFF sequence foo RV sorts images by frame numbers in numeric order It sorts image base names in lexical order What this means is that RV will sort images into sequences the way you expect it to Padding tricks are unnecessary for RV to get the image order correct image order will be interpreted correctly 900 UO0Q BALE 00 000Z ati OO 0003 CLE O QOU tect EOS O00S at nO Or 0006 cii o 0007 west 90 000 318 OOO OO Orca O OOO 7 To play this image sequence in RV from the command line you could start RV like this SOCIO Oe and RV will automatically attempt t
176. the source regardless of the source FPS But if you have audio layers along with your image sequence or if the media is a movie file you will notice that the audio is either compressed or expanded in order to maintain synchronization with the images This is a very important thing to understand about RV it will always playback every image no matter what the playback FPS is set to and it will always change the audio to compensate for that and maintain synchronization with the images So the source FPS is really important when there is audio associated with the images 13 4 Per Source and Display Color Settings and LUT Files If you want to include per source color information such as forcing a particular LUT to be applied or con verting log to linear you can include only the additional nodes you need with only the parameters that you wish to pass in For example to apply a file LUT to the first source e g sourceGroup000000_source you can create an RVColor node similarily named sourceGroup000000_color sourceGroup000000_color RVColor 1 lut 1OpenEXR files are a notable exception 91 CHAPTER 13 RV FILE FORMAT string file path to LUTs log2sRGB csp aide aActiys 1 This is a special case in the rv session file you can refer to a LUT by file Version 3 6 and earlier will not write a session file in this manner a baked version of the LUT will be inlined directly in the session file If you have a
177. the way in which ssh tunnelling is set up and the topology of the firewalls on both ends of the connection No third party connection is needed to sync across ssh tunnels and the connection is relatively secure Using a VPN is no different than a local area network once it has been established you need to know the IP address or name of the host with which you want to connect If you do not have a VPN in common with the remote participant you can create one using Hamachi https secure logmein com products hamachi vpn asp The service is free for non commercial use See their website for more details 10 2 Synchronizing Multiple RVs Once a connection has been established between two RVs you can synchronize them To start sync select the menu item Tools Sync With Connected RVs You should see Sync ON in the feedback area on both RVs and a Sync menu will appear in the menu bar Usually its a good idea to have all participants looking at the similar media but its not enforced In particular note that RV s auto conforming features mean that one party can be looking at a high res OpenEXR sequence and another at a qucktime movie of the same sequence and the sync can still be quite useful 74 CHAPTER 10 NETWORKING RV File Edit Control Tools Audio Image _ Me gt a Figure 10 4 Sync Mode Showing Remote User s Cursor 10 2 1 Using Sync You can control which aspects of RV are transmitted to and received from remote RV
178. ther channels see the Reference Manual You can also select one or more views in the Ul to be loaded specifically when not in stereo mode In stereo mode if you specify two views those will become the left and right RV defaults to loading the default or first EXR layer from the view The EXR views are independent of EXR layers which are described below there can be multiple views each of which has multiple layers or vice versa if you prefer to think of it that way RV will recognize the file extensions exr sxr stereo exr or openexr as being OpenEXR files Stereo views may be stored as either exr or sxr RV does not distinguish between the two extensions Layers A layer in EXR terminology is a collection of channels which share a common channel name prefix separated by a dot character The name of the layer is the prefix EXR layers are usually used to store components of images output by a renderer like Pixar s prman or Mental Image s Mental Ray Often these layers are recombined in compositing software like Nuke which can handle the internal structure of the EXR file This makes it easy for a compositor to control render output at a fine level to match it into a shot Note that this not how EXR views are used they are used for indicating stereo eyes for examples and each view may itself contain multiple EXR layers 85 CHAPTER 12 FILE FORMATS RV initially will load the default layer the on
179. this can be done via Cygwin s bash shell or tesh If you choose to use the command com shell the command syntax will be the same but some features like pattern matching etc which are common with unix shells may not work To use RV from a shell you will need to have the binary executable in your path On Linux and Windows the RV executable is located in the bin directory of the install tree On OS X this can be done by including Applications RV app Contents MacOS in your path assuming you installed RV there The executable on OS X is called RV you can either type the name in as is or create an alias or symbolic link from rv to RV Similarly the 64 bit version of RV is called RV64 There are a number of ways to start RV from the command line rv options rv options sourcel source2 source3 rv options sourcel source2 source4 source rv options source options sourcel source2 source options source sourced rv file rv The command line options are not required and may appear throughout the command line Sources are individual images QuickTime mov files avi files audio files image sequences or directory names When specifying a rv file no other sources should be on the command line See Table 3 1 The third example above uses square brackets around groups of sources When sources appear between brackets they are called layers These will be discussed in more detail below If RV is started with no
180. tin 30 e w 5 Cut Out gg 8 Clear In Out mM Sync GUI In Out to Source Figure 5 3 The Source Edit Interface By default Sync GUI In Out to Source is checked and you can manipulate the Cut In Out numbers by setting the in out frames in the timeline in all the usual ways see Section 4 4 4 You can also type frame numbers in the given fields use the up down nudge keys or the mouse wheel after clicking in the relevant field 5 6 Group Views Sequence Views Stack Views and Layout Views are all Group Views in that they take multiple inputs and combine them in some way for viewing A Sequence plays it s inputs in order a Stack layers it s aligned inputs on top of each other and a Layout arranges it s inputs in a grid row column or arbitrary user determined format Some interface is shared by all Group Views The Group interface gives you control over the resolution of it s output During interactive use RV s resolution invariance means that the aspect ratio is the only important part of the size but during output 43 CHAPTER 5 THE SESSION AND THE SESSION MANAGER with RVIO this size would be the default output resolution If Size Determined from Inputs is checked the group take it s size from the maximum in each dimension of all it s inputs If the size is not being progammatically determined you can specify any size output in the provided fields Similarly the output frame r
181. tions pixel aspect ratio changes etc 14 1 Basic Usage 14 1 1 Image Sequence Format Conversion RVIO s most basic operation is to convert a sequence of images from one format into another RVIO uses the same sequence notation as RV to specify input and output sequences For example shell gt rvio foo exr O foo tit shell gt rvio foo exr o foo jpg 14 1 2 Image sequence to QuickTime Movie Conversion RVIO can write out QuickTime movies The default compression codec is PhotoJPEG with a default quality of 0 9 shell gt rvio foo exr o foo mov 14 1 3 Resizing and Scaling Rvio does high quality filtering when it resizes images Output resolution can be specified explicitly in which case RVIO will conform to the new resolution padding the image to preserve pixel aspect ratio shella rvio foo 1 100 tga scale 0 5 o foo tga shell gt rvio foo exr outres 640 480 Or you can use the resize x y option in which case scaling will occur in either dimension unless the number specified for that dimension is 0 14 1 4 Adding Audio to Movies RVIO uses the same layer notation as RV to combine audio with image sequences Multiple audio sources can be mixed in a single layer 99 CHAPTER 14 RVIO o string t string tio V VV q noRanges rthreads int formats iomethod int int view string leader leaderframes i
182. tively store high dynamic range data albeit limimted range and get double the number of frames into the cache Many encoding schemes are possible by coupling a custom pre cache LUT change of bit depth and the hardware file LUT to decode on the card 7 4 LUT File Formats RV supports several of the common LUT file formats See Table 7 1 Unfortunately not all LUT formats are equally capable and some of them are not terribly well defined In most cases you need to know the intended use of a particular LUT file For example its doesn t make sense to apply a LUT file which expects the incoming pixels to be in Kodak Log space to pixels from an EXR file which is typically in a linear space Often there is no way to tell the intended usage of a LUT file other than its file name or possibly comments in the file itself Most formats do not have a public mechanism to indicate the usage to an application To complicate matters many LUT files are intended to map directly from the pixels in a particular file format directly to your monitor When using these types of LUTs in RV you should be aware than making any changes to the color using RV s color corrections or display corrections will not produce expected results because you are operation on pixels in the color space appropriate for the display rather than in linear space One of the more common types of LUT files you are likely to come across is one which maps Kodak Log space to sRGB display sp
183. ts the name of the color conversion or space required to convert to non linear R G B values ColorSpace ConversionMatrix If the luminance chroma conversion matrix is explicitly given this attribute will contain it ColorSpace Gamma If the image is gamma encoded the correction gamma is stored here ColorSpace Black Point Explicit value for Kodak log to linear conversion if it exists or related functions which require a black white point ColorSpace White Point ColorSpace Rolloff Explicit value for Kodak log to linear conversion ColorSpace Red Primary Explicit primary values These are used directly by the orSpace Green Primary orSpace Blue Primary orSpace White Primary renderer unless told to ignore them orSpace ICC Profile Name orSpace ICC Profile Data The name and data of an embedded ICC profile PixelAspectRatio Pixel aspect ratio from file DataWindowSize DataWindowOrigin Display WindowSize Display WindowOrigin Uncrop parameters if they appeared in a file Table 6 1 Basic Special Image Attributes 50 CHAPTER 6 HOW A PIXEL GETS FROM A FILE TO THE SCREEN 6 3 Image Channels RV potentially does a great deal of data conversion between reading a file and rendering an image on your display device In some cases you will want to have control over this process so it s important to understand what s occurring internally For example when RV reads a typical RGB TIFF file you can
184. tself Aside from uniformity across platforms the reason we have opted for this style of interface was primarily to make RV function well when in full screen mode 4 1 Feedback RV provides feedback about its current state near the top left corner of the window lEmacs users will find this feature familiar RV can have prefix keys that when pressed remap the entire keyboard or mouse bindings or both IMG_0313 rv Figure 4 1 RV on Linux and on OS X 22 CHAPTER 4 USER INTERFACE IMG_0313 rv out Figure 4 2 Feedback widget indicating full color display 4 2 Loading Images Sequences Movies and Audio 4 2 1 Using the File Browser There are two options for loading images sequences and movies via the file browser you can add to the existing session by choosing File gt Open or File gt 0pen into Layer or you can open images in a new window by choosing File gt 0Open In New Session In the file browser you may choose multiple files RV tries to detect image sequences from the names of image files movie files are treated as individual sequences If RV detects a pattern it will create an image sequence for each unique pattern If no pattern is found each individual image will be its own sequence Audio files can be loaded into RV using the file browser To associate an audio file with its corresponding image sequence or movie open the audio file as a layer using File Open into Layer The first sequence in the
185. ual Sliders 2 00 27 A a 6 soe by ek eS ee ee Oe eR Ashe Pe ek we A 28 lso Bie MIE ems ae OG ee eRe ee ae ea a eae 29 Aat ac A NI 30 4 4 Playing Image Sequences Movie Files and Audio Files o o 30 ALI Tinas os ica a e a a A A AR EE Dee 31 442 Timeline Configuration lt ac 206 405 bee ee a ES 31 4 4 3 Realtime versus Play All Frames e e 32 dat Tn andl Out Pork i 442 4 dedas rada a ee pe bebe awe waa 32 ES KES eai aa eras he E OD we OK Ae igs a Hele BBR 33 44 6 Timeline Magnifier lt lt lt cose a dees 33 LN SW acosa eR A a AE AA A a 34 158 1 Audio Pret a aa o AAA RR A een te eS 34 45 2 Audio on RY for Link cocos ma a ee eee ae ee 35 o AAA AN 35 ay Color and Re 6 244 234 4 eee a si aa do 36 MA AMBER e Se dee Ee ee eS 37 4 9 Key and Mouse Bindings s aa soa o ooo ee eee ee eee ee 37 410 Freirie Bile codos oA BERRA LE Re E SEE Ee ee SSS 37 The Session and the Session Manager 40 Dal Uy De ek kk ek Be ee DR O 40 1 WAS ia ReSSIONW se coca BBE EE RHEE ER De OE A a iia 40 Bid Sesion WEAS oca A wy ee a a a aa a a A AAA A 40 5 3 Creating Adding to and Removing from a View o e e 42 oa Wanita Between VIEWS A A E AA 42 Do PONCO MIER ie sitni bh au a ek eet ee EE eee ee a 43 Di AED VIEW cc Gig hk hh GO Ree OD RS GHEE AA AAN BBS 43 DOJ Seguenos VERE wa ek eee ee be ee eR Sa A eee ee ee a Bears 46 DEZ aR VOTE cn so ook A Seek oe ee b
186. ut are available through a rich command line interface extensive hot keys and key chords and smart drag drop targets RV can be extensively customized for integration into proprietary pipelines The RV Reference Manual has information about RV customization This chapter provides quick start guides to RV and RVIO If you already have successfully installed RV and want to get going right away this chapter will show you enough to get started 1 2 Getting Started With RV 1 2 1 Loading Media and Saving Sessions There are foure basic ways to load media into RV 1 Command line 2 File open dialogs 3 Drag Drop and 4 rvlink protocol URL RV can load individual files or multiple files i e a sequence and it can also read directories and figure out the sequences they contain you can pass RV a directory on the command line or drag and drop a folder onto RV RV s ability to read directories can be particularly useful If your shots are stored as one take per directory you can get in the habit of just dropping directories into RV or loading them on the command line Or you can quickly load multiple sequences or movies that are stored in a single directory Some simple RV command line examples are shell gt rv foo mov SCI ry O O O cia Shells rv Foo elit shell gt rv and of course shell gt rv help CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The output of the help flag is reproduced in this manual in t
187. ut or vice versa Show Source Input at Frame When selected the main media file name for the frame under the pointer not the current frame will be shown just above or below the timeline Show Play Direction Indicator When selected a small triangle next to the current frame indicates the direction playback will occur when started 4 4 3 Realtime versus Play All Frames Control gt Play All Frames determines whether RV should skip frames or not if it is unable to render fast enough during playback Realtime mode when play all frames is not selected uses a realtime clock to determine which frame should be played When in realtime mode audio never skips but the video can When play all frames is active RV will never skip frames but will adjust the audio if the target fps cannot be reached When the timeline is visible skipped frames will be indicated by a small red circle towards the right hand side of the display The number in the circle is the number of frames skipped 4 4 4 In and Out Points There are two frame ranges associated with each view in an RV Session the start and end frames and the in and out frames also known as in and out points The in and out points are always within the range of the start and end frames RV sets the start and end frames automatically based on the contents of the view The in and out points are set to the start and end frames by default However you can set these points using the and J
188. with one or more multi core CPUs RV can get good direct from disk performance for these types of images while keeping the HDR information in tact At some resolutions RV can even play back stereo HDR imagery in real time from disk when used with the correct hardware Chromaticities EXR files may have chromaticities primaries included in the image attributes If RV sees the Color Pri maries attribute it will apply the corresponding transform to the Rec 709 primaries by default You can turn off this behavior by selecting Color lgnore File Primaries to disable the transform Channel Inheritance Some programs may assume channels should be inherited in EXR files For example a renderer may write a single alpha channel in the default layer and exclude redundant alpha channels from additional layers in the file like diffuse and specular The idea is that these layers will share the default alpha during compositing RV can attempt to aggregate channels assumed to be related like this by using either the command line option exrInherit or by setting the flag in preferences under the OpenEXR format 12 2 2 TIFF TIFF files come in many flavors some of which are rarely used RV supports a useful subset of all possible TIFF files This includes 32 bit floating point and multiple channels beyond four in both tiled and scanline RV can read planar and interleaved TIFF files but currently only reads the first image directory if there are
189. working protocol and how to create programs that talk to RV The inner workings of the rvshell program are also discussed there While its possible to create connections across the internet it s a little tricky see 10 1 4 10 1 The Network Dialog Before you can use any of RV s networking features you have to tell RV to begin listening for connections There are two ways to do this from the command line using the network flag or interactively using the the Network dialog via the RV Networking menu item The network dialog box has three pages Configuration for setting up your identity and the port on which RV will communicate the Contacts page for managing permissions and the Connections page which shows a list of the currently active connections At the bottom of the dialog are buttons for starting and stopping the networking and for initiating a new connection 72 CHAPTER 10 NETWORKING RV Networking Configuration Contacts Connections Your Name Dr Benway Port 45124 Reset to Defaults Status Not Running Connect Start Network Figure 10 1 RV Network Dialog 10 1 1 Configuration The configuration requires two pieces of information your identity which appears at the other end of the connection and a port number Unless your systems adminitrator requires RV to use a different port you should leave the default value for the port number Networking must be stopped in order to
190. you start RV on the machine with the firewall and start networking it appears to be functioning correctly but no one can connect to it Check to see if the port that RV wants to use is available through the firewall This is almost certainly the case when the connection works from one direction but not the other The side which can make the connection is usually the one that has the firewall blocking RV it won t let other machines in 118 Appendix G Rising Sun Research CineSpace csp File Format This is RSR s spec of their file format The cineSpace LUT format contains three main sections Header This section contains the LUT identifier and the LUT type 3D or 1D It is made up of the first two 2 valid lines in the file See Notes below for a definition of a valid line A 3D LUT CSPLUTV100 SID or a 1D channel LUT CSPLUTV100 1D 1D preLUT data This section is designed to allow for unevenly spaced data and also to accommodate input data that maybe outside the 0 0 lt gt 1 0 range Each primary channel red green and blue has each own 3 line entry The first line is the number of preLUT data entries for that channel The second line is the input and the third line is the mapped output that will then become the input for the LUT data section It is made up of the valid lines 3 to 11 in the LUT See Notes below for a definition of a valid line Examples Map extended input max 4 0 into top 10 of LUT

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