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QSWAT user manual

1. Q a ama a lt tm 7 D lt Ba p rari L DSB SBRRR AUS ALP HSFHPLPAAS amp Ny e amp E J 2 T N a ae a t csw ki Browser CIE g po Yo Gag 9 G E 7 ji Project home D Y 0 Home g Favourites a el E 9 4 au a LS z P JP mssqu G orade e GP Posters Z layers GES fa 0 s Yeo T Results 7 Watershed e 7 Inlets outlets MainO h outlet P x q inet a Reservoir X Point source 79 X Stream burn in robR Rift X Streams srtm_30mn YO 7 N BP DEM srtm_30m za 1785 1917 Te 1917 2049 L 2049 2182 3 Landuse gt R soil 5 NR A Slope ge da Figure 8 Inlets outlets selected 13 Clicking Review snapped shows the snapped inlets outlets i e those within the defined threshold distance Clicking Create Watershed will create the watersheds after a few minutes Figure 9 Fars 263 8 n E OOOO T E Project Edit View Layer Settings Plugins Vector Raster Database Web Processing Help D a A A Toh E m A S gt K Ba fa ta A H e i B a Ns SARRA ADSL PHPHPORS ye Ap Se ngm P o ly B 573245 eM S Browser Ex P Yoa Gad P Gi E J Project home B 7 Lb Home Qg Favourites c VA A Q o e p z P J gt mss G orade Z e rosters zj layes ax Qiqsvgaggaa LA R 7 Results S x 7 Watershed A Selected inlets outlet lac X k outlet P x diet 9 N Reservoir gt
2. 4 Snap threshold metres 300 Review snapped 1snapped Create watershed N H Merge subbasins 1 Select subbasins merge Add reservoirs and point sources Select reservoir subbasins Add point source to each subbasin Figure 12 Point sources added to each subbasin 17 You need to click OK This causes the subbasins to be numbered This step ends watershed delineation and enables the Create HRUs option Figure 13 Select Project New Project Existing Project Main Steps Done Delineate Watershed Step 2 Create HRUs QSWAT parameters Step 3 Edit Inputs and Run SWAT OK C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Figure 13 Watershed delineation is completed and Create HRUs is enabled 17 5 2 Create HRUs 18 Having calculated the basins you needed to calculate the details of the Hydrological Response Units HRUs that are used by SWAT These are divisions of basins into smaller units each of which has a particular soil landuse crop slope range combination 19 To do this we click Create HRUs select C OSWAT_Projects Example Dataset Landuse roblandusenew hdr adf as the Landuse map and select Robit_landuses as the Landuse table select C QSWAT_Projects Example Dataset Soi nowr_soil90 hdr adf as the Soil map and select Robit_soils as the Soil table The last two will take a few seconds as the relevant database tables are read Select usersoil as the Soil data option The other soil data options are f
3. In the case of a soil map the table should have the string soil in its name Then it will be offered as an option for a soil table You should copy the structure of the table global_soils in QSWATProj2012 mdb So it must contain at least the columns SOIL_ID type Long Integer and SNAM type Text The SOIL_ID corresponds to the values in the soil grid All the SNAM strings you use must be found in a table usersoil found in the SWAT reference database 55 7 Appendix II preparing global DEM data for QSWAT 7 1 Introduction You may have your own digital elevation map DEM for your watershed but if you don t this section explains how to obtain and prepare DEM data obtainable free from the web The techniques for clipping and reprojecting DEMs may also be useful for DEMs from other sources There are also notes about masking DEMs and about dealing with large DEMs in the final two sub sections 7 7 that should be of general interest 7 2 Obtaining SRTM DEM data SRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission is a good source of DEM data for almost anywhere in the world It is available at 90 metre and since the end of 2014 30 metre resolutions The first thing to do is to make a note of the extent of the watershed you want to model the maximum and minimum latitudes and longitudes Decimal longitudes that are west of the Greenwich meridian should be expressed as negative numbers if you have a longitude above 180 subtract 360 Decimal degrees
4. Point source Oo Inlets outlets MainO Py X bk outlet NG diet bs Reservoir bE R Point source Stream burn in robR Streams srtm_30mn sr m E 7 3 _ SWAT subbasin Qs _ Upstream from inlet a E ae IA EE cerceem som Figure 9 Delineated watersheds 14 14 In QSWAT users can select and merge subbasins This is especially important in avoiding small subbasins To merge subbasins select the option Select subbasins under Merge subbasins Hold the Ctrl key and click in subbasins you want to select Selected subbasins will turn yellow and a count is shown at the bottom left of the dialogue window Figure 10 gt a ca E Project Edit View Layer Settings Plugins Vector Raster Database Web Processing Help S gt ot OARRA AU EAA eee amp amp Rf r en Ra F aam oY P BRBREx lt H 8 amaga B Browser ex Na 2 ow 3 jy Project home a aib Home g Favourites a e cy E g 5 B a iy zy dick outside the watershed then hold Ctrl and resume selection P J gt mssql You can pause in the selection to pan or zoom provided you hold orade Ctrl again when you resume selection postais ATG ate below will be additional to layers those selected by ddr kd aoe 9 99 When fished cick Save fo save yor sec Cancel to abandon the sel Results B T watershed amp B 27 Selected inlets 4 x L Outlet Faal R d er Wg N R
5. Suppose we want to compare the main outlet flows from two scenarios and for both the main outlet subbasin is number 9 Then rch is the appropriate table and we select this and select 9 as the Subbasin Finally we select FLOW_OUTcms as the Variable Now we want to add a second row to the table for the other scenario A convenient way to do this is the Copy plot button This copies the current row to a new row and makes it current Then all we have to do is choose a new scenario and the second row will be almost what we want The subbasin number is cleared in the new row to remind us that in a different scenario subbasin numbers might be different We select the appropriate number in this case 9 again It is also possible to move the current row up or down this just affects the ordering of the plots in the output To add observed data we select an observed data file and use the button Add observed observed is used as the scenario name is used for Table Sub and HRU and we can select a variable name from the file 40 Visualise Results ma rch Month Year Staticdata Animation Plot Choose observed data file optional L Scenario Table Sub HRU Variable Figure 33 Plot screen When we have completed the plot selections we click Plot This invites us first to choose a csv file to save the data We can if we wish later import this into for example Excel if we wish to do further manipulations o
6. QGIS Interface for SWAT QSWAT Version 1 2 October 2015 Prepared by Yihun Dile R Srinivasan and Chris George This guide describes QSWAT which uses the 2012 version of the SWAT model This version describes QSWAT version 1 2 which needs SWAT Editor version 2012 10 18 QSWAT QGIS SWAT Step by Step Setup for the Robit Watershed Lake Tana basin Ethiopia Contents 1 Enyironment and Tools Required css cscccsscecsuciedasestinieavyacd cnet deseattnaslaseeaceeeassteceueindecentead ieee 4 Ze hst llat i seson ena a a aa a a EA E nE 4 3 Structure and Location of Source Daa 6 4 Structure and Location of Output Data sss esse ee sese eee eee 6 5 Setup for Robit Watershed Lake Tana Basin sss sese 7 5 1 Watershed Wie licen css venta acess tances E E R A EE 9 32 Crete HRU S senie R E E E E R 18 5 3 SWAT Set p and RUN esos cance esse eeatecndeadi aces en epee anin i a aaas 27 5 4 Output Visualization with QSWAT eee 32 5 4 1 Preparing to THT T 33 54 2 Running TTT ae ir a oA E aE A EEES 33 54 3 Visualisation le oeisio eae aa a RE EEEa iE 33 54 4 Static Wises tO scissione eaa a naai aE aa aia 33 S MMM OMI A E E T 37 5 4 0 N Ie 39 5 5 SWAT Output Visualization with SWAT Error Checker esse eee eee 44 6 Appendix Does aan tore sseatn isro n canteen EER E E ener R E E 49 6 1 Adding tables into SWAT and Project databases sese 49 6 2 Preparing daily climatic data for QSWAT sese 53 6 3 Preparing landuse and soil look up tables
7. anf DLE Y Axis Linear ojojo Computed Statistics Series1 gt Default rch 9 FLOW_OUTecms Series2 gt observed Flow Correlation Coefficient 0 889 Series1 gt observed Flow Series2 gt Default tch 3 FLOW_OUTems Nash 0 748 Update Graph Figure 34 SWATGraph 5 4 6 3 Including observed data To include observed data you need to prepare a csv file i e a text file where each line consists of the same number of items one or more separated by commas The first line should be comma separated text strings which will be used as the variables If the first string is DATE or Date or indeed these four letters in any case it and the data in the first column are ignored The dates are assumed to be the same as in the SWAT output plots they are not checked The data on lines two to the end apart from ignored dates should be numeric 43 Table Subbasin and HRU boxes in an observed plot row will be unavailable but you need to choose a Variable The choices in the Variable pull down box will be the variables apart from date in the first line of the csv file 5 5 SWAT Output Visualization with SWAT Error Checker SWAT Check is a tool that is used to summarize results from SWAT simulations It can also provide warnings that can help to improve the modeling skills in SWAT Currently the program is integrated with the SWAT model and it can be found under the SWAT Simulations tab and under Read SWAT Output d
8. Completed Weather Generator Data Wgn Completed Subbasin Snow Data Sub Sno Completed HRU Drainage Data Hru Sdr Completed Main Channel Data Rte Completed Groundwater Data Gw Completed Water Use Data Wus Completed Management Data Mgt Completed Soil Chemical Data Chm Completed Pond Data Pnd Completed Stream Water Quality Data Swa Completed Septic Data Sep Completed Operations Data Ops Completed Watershed Data Bsn wwa Completed Master Watershed File Cio Cancel Create Tables Ready Figure 25 About to write the SWAT input files 29 32 Now the user can edit different SWAT databases and simulation conditions e g methods to estimate potential evapotranspiration stream flow routing etc This is also the step where users can implement different management scenarios 33 To run SWAT click SWAT Simulation gt Run SWAT Set the time periods to run SWAT e g 01 01 1990 to 12 31 2000 chose Monthly timestep and NYSKIP number of years to skip of 3 check the Print Water Quality Output option and leave the Output File Variables set to All Select a release version of SWAT exe 64 bit if you have a 64 bit machine else 32 bit Finally click Setup SWAT Run figure 26 This step activates Run SWAT M Period of Simulation Starting Date 17171990 z Ending Date 1273172000 79 Min Date 1 1 1990 Max Date 12 31 2013 Rainfall Sub Daily Timestep _ Print
9. EPSG 32613 EPSG 32713 EPSG 32614 _ Hide deprecated CRSs Figure 3 Select the target SRS form 61 C Batch mode for processing whole directory Input File Select Output file Select IS Source SRS EPSG 4326 Select IR Target SRS EPSG 32614 Select C Resampling method Near IR No data values 32768 L Memory used for caching 20mMB width 3000 Height 3000 C Use multithreaded warping implementation Load into canvas when finished gdalwarp overwrite s_srs EP5G 4326 t_srs EP5G 32614 dstnodata 32768 tr 90 90 of GTiff C Users Chirs George QSWAT docs maps dem sj_dem_ll tif C Users Chirs George QSWAT docs maps dem sj_dem_utm tif Figure 4 Warp Reproject form 62 Start a new QGIS instance leaving the old one in case you find you made an error and need to redo something Load dem_utm file and check it looks OK Note that coordinates in the box at the bottom are now shown as metres instead of degrees you won t recognise the numbers but you will see the difference from the previous instance of QGIS If all looks well close the previous instance of QGIS Choose Discard when asked if you want to save the project 7 6 Masking a DEM QSWAT does not itself provide a facility for masking a DEM because the capability is already in QGIS Before showing how to mask a note about when to do it Masking or reducing the area of the DEM to be delineated is done for two reason
10. George QSWAT docs maps dem srtm_16_09_clip_Il tiF C Users Chirs George QSWAT docs maps dem srtm_17_08_clip_Il tiF Ci fUsers Chirs George QSWAT docs maps dem srtm_17_09_clip_Il tiF Figure 2 Merge form 7 5 Reprojecting the grid Our final task is to reproject the merged grid into an equal area projection i e one in which each grid cell has the same area The current lat long projection is not appropriate because at different latitudes the same amounts of longitude will represent different distances Universal Transverse Mercator UTM is a good general choice for the new projection It is available 59 almost everywhere and while not exactly an equal area projection is sufficiently close for most SWAT modelling We need a suitable UTM zone We can find the zone from a map like http www dmap co uk utmworld htm or use the formula x 80 6 rounded up to the next integer for a reasonably central longitude x in our area So for example if x is 100 the UTM zone will be 80 6 or 13 3 rounded up to give 14 Then we note whether we are in the northern or southern hemisphere Use Raster Projections Warp Reproject to open the Warp Reproject form Figure 4 Select the merged grid as the Jnput file from the pull down menu Click Select next to Output file navigate if necessary to the map folder and type in a suitable name perhaps ending in dem_utm to remind you what it is Check the Target SRS box and cl
11. The user should initially prepare station information The station information should be prepared for all the climatic variables for which the user has local data The header for the table should consist of columns ID station ID NAME LAT latitude LONG longitude and ELEVATION Refer to the example dataset in the folder Example Dataset ClimateRobit e g pcpRobStation txt The actual climate data should have the same file name as the station NAME in the station data e g robpcp The format of the climate data should be as follows the first line should be the date in the format yyyymmdd followed by the daily climatic data values Missing values will be replaced by 99 The data format for the precipitation solar radiation wind speed and relative humidity is the same Refer to the example dataset for precipitation data in the folder at Example Dataset ClimateRobit e g robpcp txt The only exception is for minimum temperature and maximum temperature in which case the minimum temperature and maximum temperature are separated by a comma Refer to the example dataset for temperature dataset at Example Dataset ClimateRobit tmpRobStation txt The actual climatic data should be saved in the same folder as the station files The units for precipitation temperature solar radiation wind speed and relative humidity should be mm degree centigrade MJ m m s and decimal fraction respectively For each subbasin SWAT uses observed
12. and you may need to zoom in to place them precisely Only points within the snap threshold of a stream reach will be counted as points Click OK to confirm and exit and Cancel to remove points and exit If you choose to draw a new file drawoutlets shp is created in the Watershed Shapes folder which may be used again See Appendix III for details of the fields needed in an inlets outlets 12 file We do not add any additional outlets reservoirs inlets or point sources in this example QGIS 26 1 Brghte Project Edit View Layer Settings Plugins Vector Raster Database Web Processing Help NBER MOF FAFSRPLAAS AA N ASE HUB sBAG 1 See ee Se Se Ht H EI 4 a oF E 4 5 x Figure 7 Step where Inlets Outlets are added 12 If you have several points in your inlets outlets file you can choose to use just a selection of them To do this choose the Select Inlets Outlets option Hold Ctrl and select the points by dragging the mouse to make a small rectangle around them Selected points will turn yellow and a count will be shown at the bottom left of the main window Figure 8 You only need to use this option if you want to only use a subset of outlets The default is to use all the points in the outlets file or those drawn 13 7 QGIS 2 6 1 Brighton Dema E Project Edit View Layer Settings Plugins Vector Raster Database Web Processing Help
13. sizes in millions of cells run failed There are two conclusions to be drawn from these figures In this range of DEM sizes the times increase initially linearly with the size of the DEM 67 but later much more sharply A DEM of 369 million cells processed on machine C took over 15 hours much worse than the rough 1 minute per million cells that you would expect for this machine from the table Typically Not Responding will appear at the top of the main QGIS window and or the delineation form This is a result of the TauDEM processes running in the background but using almost all the CPU resources Ignore the lack of responsiveness and be patient MPI only makes a substantial difference when the DEMs are above a few million cells 68 8 Appendix III Using a Predefined Watershed and Stream Network The delineation form allows you to opt for a predefined watershed and stream network by selecting the Use existing watershed tab On this tab you can select the shapefiles containing the watershed and its subbasins the Watershed shapefile and the stream network the Streams shapefile These files need to have the same projection as the DEM If you want to use files generated by TauDEM in a previous project then such files can be found in the Sources subfolder of that project with names ending wshed shp and net shp respectively It is also possible but not necessary to specify an Outlets Inlets shapefile and again a file fro
14. DEM by loading it in QGIS right clicking the entry in the Layers panel and selecting Properties The Layer info section under the General tab shows the number of columns and rows The times in Table 1 are for running from after loading the DEM to the end of stream delineation this includes the two most long running TauDEM functions D8FlowDir and DinfFlowDir Note that these two functions only need to be rerun if the DEM changes If you want to change the delineation threshold or the inlets outlets the rerun will be much faster than these times Where there is a second time in brackets this is for running without using the Message Passing Interface MPI i e with a single process The machines used to obtain these figures are A A 32 bit laptop with an Intel T9400 2 53GHz processor with 2 cores and 2 GB of memory MPI was used with 4 processes B A 64 bit PC with an Intel 13 3 3GHz processor with 2 cores 4 logical processors and 6GB of memory MPI was used with 8 processes C A 64 bit PC with an Intel 17 3 4GHz processor with 4 cores 8 logical processors and 8GB of memory MPI was used with 16 processes See Appendix IV on installing and using MPI Machine A B C DEM size 100 2100 255 560 104 450 25 480 64 140 28 111 12 159 205 28 61 12 48 6 42 57 8 16 4 13 4 13 22 3 5 1 3 2 79 1 2 1 2 1 3 4 1 1 1d Table 1 Times in minutes for processing large DEMs
15. Database Required for re writing tables CASWAT SWATEditor Databases SWAT_US_Soils mdt al SWAT Executable Folder CASWAT SWATEditor Exit Connect to Databases Figure 24 Connecting the Demo project to SWAT databases 29 Click Connect to Databases to connect to the project database and to the SWAT reference database SWATRef2012 mdb This will be to the local copy if you made one If it didn t appear you can change it the second entry in the SWAT Editor form 30 Now the Write Input Tables will be active Click the option Weather Stations This step provides the option to provide the weather generator data and write the weather data By clicking the Weather Data Generator tab users can choose WGEN_Robit By clicking the different tabs users can write the corresponding weather data For the Robit Demo project all the climate data are stored in the folder C QSWAT_Projects Example Dataset ClimateRobit The ClimateRobit folder consists of station and weather data for rainfall temperature solar radiation relative humidity and wind speed The text files are prepared according to the SWAT format Users provide just station information Using the station information SWAT Editor will access and write the relevant climate data The station files are pcpRobStation txt tnpRobStation txt solRobStation txt rhumRobStation txt and windRobStation txt for rainfall temperature solar radiation relative humidity and wind speed respectiv
16. Edit button the yellow pencil symbol and include the string tr 90 90 This is the parameter for 90 metre square cells If you were using the 30 metre SRTM data you would use the string tr 30 30 You can put this parameter string before the of parameter for example Don t put it at the end as the final parameter is the output file name See Figure 4 Do not click the Edit button or it will remove the extra parameter just click OK to perform the reprojection You should see a message saying that processing is complete click OK and a second one showing the output is created finishing 60 with 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 done Click OK to close this Fiter Recently used coordinate reference systems Coordinate Reference System Generated CRS proj utm zone 11 WGS 84 UTM zone 17N Generated CRS proj aea at_1 29 WGS Bd WGS 84 UTM zone 14N C HC Coordinate reference systems of the world Coordinate Reference System WGS 84 UTM zone 10N WGS 84 UTM zone 105 WGS 84 UTM zone 11N WGS 84 UTM zone 115 WGS 84 UTM zone 12N WGS 84 UTM zone 125 WGS 84 UTM zone 13N WGS 84 UTM zone 135 WGS 84 UTM zone 14N Selected CRS WGS 84 UTM zone 14N proj utm zone 14 datum WG584 units m no_defs Authority ID USER 100001 EPSG 32617 USER 100000 EPSG 4326 EPSG 32614 Authority ID EPSG 32610 EPSG 32710 EPSG 32611 EPSG 32711 EPSG 32612 EPSG 32712
17. Install QGIS by running QGIS OSGeo4W 2 6 1 1 Setup x86 exe It can be downloaded from http qgis org downloads QGIS OSGeo4W 2 6 1 1 Setup x86 exe Use the default folder C Program Files QGIS Brighton as the installation folder or C Program Files x86 M QGIS Brighton on a 64 bit machine Currently you must use the 32 bit version on 64 bit machines It is also currently necessary to use version 2 6 rather than 2 8 From now on we will use Program Files as a folder name even though it will be Program Files x86 on a 64 bit machine Install SWATEditor 2012 version in its standard place C SWAT SWATEditor For the SWAT 2012 version unzip the installation archive swateditor_install_201210_218 zip or a later version if available from http swat tamu edu software arcswat swateditor and double click on the setup exe program to install the SWAT Editor This will launch the SWAT Editor install program Use the default folder C SWAT SWATEditor as the installation folder The SWATEditor folder will consist of Databases folder SwatCheck folder SWATEditorHelp and other SWAT executables The database folder consists of SWAT2012 databases which require updating based on user available information e g user soil weather generator Refer to Appendix I on how to update a database Refer to the SWATEditor_Documentation pdf document in SWATEditorHelp for important information on how to get started with the SWAT Editor 4 Make sure you have the s
18. Program Files Microsoft MPI Bin Users should also make sure Use MPI is checked this is checked by default if the MPI Bin directory exists Then MPI will be used during watershed delineation provided the Number of processes spinbox in the Delineate watershed form is set to some positive number This should be left at zero if MPI is not installed See Appendix II for some example times for large DEMs on different machines with typical settings of the number of processes 0 3 Blocking network access MS MPI supports multi process computations across several machines So you may get a Windows firewall query as to whether you want to allow the MS MPI program manager smpd access to networks Since TauDEM only runs multiple processes inside your machine you may Cancel access unless of course you are using MS MPI for other purposes for which it needs network access Separate TauDEM executables D8FlowDir DInfFlowDir etc may also raise the same query which is annoying but it only happens the first time you use them 713 e Windows Firewall has blocked some features of this app Windows Firewall has blocked some features of Microsoft HPC MPI Process Manager on all public and private networks TS Name Microsoft HPC MPI Process Manager Publisher Microsoft Corporation Path C program files microsoft hpc pack 2012 bin smpd exe Allow Microsoft HPC MPI Process Manager to communicate on these networks V Private networks such as my home
19. both graphically and numerically It can be accessed by clicking the Hydrology tab at the top of the SWAT Check window As hydrology is the basis for the landscape processes particular attention should be given to modeling the hydrology right Therefore SWAT Check will be a vital tool in provid ing a quick summary of the hydrological components and as such aids easy understanding of the system For example it provides the ratios of different water balance components Users can therefore compare these values with published literature values or measured estimates and have an idea how to improve the model performance in subsequent model calibration processes Moreover it gives warnings and suggests methods how to address them Figure 36 45 SWAT Error Checker Version 1 1 15 a Setup j Hydrology Sediment Nitrogen Cycle Phosphorus Cycle Plant Growth Landscape Nutrient Losses Land Use Summary Instream Processes Point Sources Reservoirs About AAAAAAA E H T E Realistic hydrology is the foundation of any model Pay particular Evaporation and Petes attention to evapotranspiration baseflow and surface runoff ratios PET onie EE Baseflow streamflow ratios for the US are provided by the USGS these t444 data are accessible via the button below The ranges specified here 1 462 1 571 9 E Fi Z Pi P are general guidelines only and may not apply to your simulation area r K Precipitation 1 11 354
20. coefficients for each pair of plots where one is observed Some of these may be meaningless of course if for example you choose to plot four things that are really two pairs but it is quicker as well as simpler to calculate them all than it is to ask the users what they want 5 4 6 2 How compatible do different scenarios need to be Obviously they need to use the same time interval monthly daily or yearly The period is automatically adjusted to include all the scenarios involved but see below for observed data You also need to be reasonably confident that the things you want to compare are indeed comparable so if you are comparing hrus for example they should be the same hru in each scenario But if you are comparing the main outlet reach in each scenario which gives figures for the whole watershed it doesn t matter how the subbasins and hrus in each were selected or how the subbasins are numbered as long as you select the main outlet subbasin number for each 42 New File to Plot Copy chart to clipboard 19007 BB Default rch S FLOW_OUTcms Z observed Flow Y Anis Title Date Default rch 9 FLOW_OUT cms observed Flow Chart Type 1993 1 0 0066 0 021639484 1993 2 0 0032 0 010471429 v 1993 3 0 00134 0 005578581 1993 4 0 000366 0 007289333 1993 5 0 00108 0 01699871 1993 6 0 082971733 1993 7 i 0 687390194 1993 8 S 1 121319484 Axis Linear 1993 9 i 0 803485334 1993 10 0 301397419
21. eee seene 55 7 Appendix II preparing global DEM data for QSWAT sse eee 56 T 1 sas Tes Oinean E A mtorr eater tren ete reir ne EEEa 56 T2 Obtaining SRTM DEM s T 56 T2 OOM data aeae a AE a E aE A R a aaa iede 56 Pde DOM BA EEEE E TT 56 eas Clipping The OSS aaen a n a R E ta dace siaoe meee eaten nee 57 TA Meremo theorids reten ea e E A E ose A 58 Ty R prtojecting E T e bets Sans ca e Gussie e a esre ia e aaa 59 1 6 Masking a DEM so ccssscccscssvecccetsascatsnspensavelavsnetessncndiasaventevassqacvenncadeasdevedeadoonadde aia 63 TA D y 1 NAG T 66 Appendix III Using a Predefined Watershed and Stream Network sese sese eee eee eee 69 Appendix IV Installing and Using MP1 5 02 su sese 12 9T Installing MSeMPI reroror ua ptasi 12 9 2 Configuring QSWAT to use MPL 73 9 3 Blo cking netWork TTT 73 1 Environment and Tools Required Microsoft Windows any version as far as we are aware Microsoft Access as the interface uses an Access database Text editor e g WordPad NotePad NotePad that enables you to read and edit ASCII text files A tool like WinZip that can uncompress zip files not needed with recent versions of Windows System requirements for SWAT Editor Version 2012 10 18 Microsoft Windows XP to 8 1 Microsoft Net Framework 3 5 Adobe Acrobat Reader Version 7 or higher Acrobat Reader may be downloaded for free from http www adobe com products acrobat readstep2 html 2 Installation
22. end points of the reach Note that if a predefined watershed and stream network is chosen then the length of the stream reach in each subbasin will be used for the maximum flow length in that subbasin 71 9 Appendix IV Installing and Using MPI QSWAT uses TauDEM Terrain Analysis Using Digital Elevation Maps as the main component for doing watershed delineation The current version of TauDEM is designed for modern multicore architectures A multicore CPU has more than one processor 2 4 even more By using an implementation of the Message Passing Interface MPI TauDEM can take advantage of multiple cores splitting tasks into several processes distributed between them and speeding up calculations It is also able provided your machine has enough memory to process very large DEMs up to 4GB The implementation of MPI used by TauDEM is MS MPI from Microsoft which is free to download and use By default MS MPI is not installed when you install QSWAT TauDEM will run without it in single process mode You may obtain and install MS MPI and we give some instructions below Then QSWAT will take advantage of it There is no point in doing this unless you have a multicore CPU and probably not much unless you have large DEMs see Appendix II for some examples of processing times on large DEMs It is possible the first time you run one of the TauDEM executables after installing MS MPI that you get a TauDEM error and in
23. means the summary is the annual mean of the total the total divided by the number of years in the simulation The number of years may be fractional e Maxima the summary is the maximum value for the variable for the subbasin reach or HRU e Minima the summary is the minimum value for the variable for the subbasin reach or HRU R E I moxie lt Q a Favourites E a G L Le PR EH J L K aa G Q B Results a x Default SURQmm x 492 492 J E gS x EHS Ra T S L Pehar LE x 4 Vie a ene a Selected inlets outlets MainOu ES Aea NR Reservoir S X Point source y a Inlets outlets MainOutlet te ner 8 NR Reservoir e it source B igenenieu ins L Full HRUs hru1 SFB DeM srtm_30m a Figure 30 Displaying results When you have loaded the variables you want included into the variables box selected the one to display SURQmm for this example and chosen the summary annual means click the Create button You will be asked to confirm if you are overwriting an existing shapefile Then the results file will be displayed as shown in Figure 30 The legend shows that we are displaying SURQmm values from the Default simulation The results layer is given a default colouring using 5 intervals chosen by the Jenks natural breaks algorithm to cover the range of summary values for the variable You can change the colouring scheme if you wish right click on the layer entry in the Layers panel select Pr
24. or work network _ Public networks such as those in airports and caf s not recommended because these networks often have little or no security What are the risks of allowing an app through a firewall Figure1 Cancelling network access for MPI 74
25. provide just one HRU for 23 each subbasin i e option of Single HRU Dominant landuse soil slope chooses the landuse with the biggest area in the subbasin the soil with the biggest area in the subbasin and the slope range with the biggest area in the subbasin and uses them for the whole subbasin Dominant HRU selects the largest of the potential HRUs in each subbasin and makes its landuse soil and slope range the ones chosen for the whole subbasin The options with Filter by landuse soil slope Filter by area and Target number of HRUs create Multiple HRUs For the Multiple HRUs option users can exclude HRUs that are insignificant by considering percentage thresholds or area thresholds The option of Filter by land use soil and slope will ignore any potential HRUs for which the landuse soil or slope is less than the selected threshold The areas of HRUs that are ignored will be redistributed proportionately amongst those that are retained The option of Filter by area will ignore HRUs that are below a specified threshold amount either percent of the subbasin or area Finally the option of Target number of HRUs limits the number of HRUs to a user preferred amount i e between the lower limit of one HRU per subbasin and the upper one of retaining all potential HRUs For this exercise use the method of Filter by land use soil and slope and choose the Threshold method of Percent of subbasin For landuse the value of 81 as the maximu
26. raag W Select subbasins for merging g b ae Hold Chl and dick in the subbesins you want to select Selected Bb c subbasins wil turn yellow and a count is shown at the bottom left Aa Bb ay of this window If you want to start again release Ctrl and a fo ZI dick outside the watershed then hold Ctrl and resume selection M Pi 2 You can pause in the selection to pan or zoom provided you hold gt sl Ctrl again when you resume selection os Q Small subbasins selected by threshold below will be additional to taja those selected by dicking s 3 Qoasrat When finished dick Save to save your selection A P Rents or Cance to abandon the selection 8 5 G Watershed N Select small subbasins e S s arat Select by threshold GH NR d et Reservoir Seta threshold for small subbasins either as an area in hectares NR 6 Point souq oF as a percentage of the mean subbasin area Click the Select Jo G 2 inlets outid button to select subbasins below the threshold Wee x L Outlet a diet Area ha 25 Select i gt L peek Percentage of mean area seet xX Stream N TE X Streams stl 1 selected Save Cancel P Bi G h R _ SWAT s a x Upstream from inlet 7 N BF DEM srtm_30m 17RS 1917 Figure 11 Subbasins that have an area less than 25 of the mean subbasin area merged to downstream subbasins 16 Point sources can be added to all the subbasins by checking the option Add point sou
27. rather than degrees minutes and seconds will be required for clipping later so convert yours if necessary just divide the minutes by 60 and round to 1 decimal place and make a note of them Choose or create a folder for the maps to be stored We will refer to this as the map folder 7 2 1 90m data You might like to use the less detailed 90m data if your watershed is large or if you are new to QSWAT Go to http srtm csi cgiar org and select the SRTM Data Search and Download menu item Then select GeoTiff as the file format You can now select tiles by selecting Multiple Selection and clicking on them or by selecting Input Coordinates and entering the extent Then click Begin Search and on the next page select the Data Download FTP or HTTP for each of your tiles You will not need the mask Each tile comes in a zipped archive file containing a text file with information about SRTM including citation data and a tif file plus hdr and tfw files Unzip each archive and put the files in the map folder 7 2 2 30m data Go to http earthexplorer usgs gov and register if it is your first visit or log on You won t be able to download anything until you are logged on Under Coordinates select Decimal and click Add Coordinate Enter the latitude and longitude of one of the 4 corners of the extent Add the other 3 corners similarly Then above Enter Search 56 Criteria select the second tab Data Sets Find Digital Elevati
28. sediment yield is greater than 50 metric ton per ha in at least one HRU The highest value is from HRU 12 subbasin 2 crop CORN soil LVx Figure 37 SWAT Check sediment tab that summarizes sediment loss for different landscape processes 4 The Land Use Summary window summarizes the different landscape process components for each land use type in the watershed These include hydrology water quality sediment transport and crop growth The Land Use Summary report can be accessed by clicking the Land Use Summary tab at the top of the SWAT Check window In the case of model cali bration users focus on the watershed outlet and they may overlook processes taking place in minor land use types In such a case the Land Use Summary report is very important in showing where things get wrong in the process of SWAT modeling as it summarizes results spatially land use by land use Moreover it provides warnings related to a particular land use type so that the users can take appropriate measures 47 0 SWAT Error Checker Version 1 1 15 L Setup Hydrology Sediment Nitrogen Cycle Phosphorus Cycle Plant Growth Landscape Nutrient Losses Land Use Summary instream Processes Point Sources Reservoirs About Summary By Reported Landuse LULC AREA km2 CN AWC mm USLE_LS IRR mm PREC mm SURQ mm GWQ mm ET mm SED th NO3kgh ORGNI gt 7 77 87 00 160 91 1 38 0 00 1 354 01 534 60 221 34 557 63 7
29. significant points are stream sources stream junctions and inlet outlet point source and reservoir points that we may add later A subbasin is an area draining into a stream reach This step creates streams Figure 6 It also loads the stream burn in shapefile if selected F QGIS 2 6 1 Brighto F Ap Project Edit View Layer Settings Plugins Vector Raster Database Web Processing Help DB ERBRABOF SP FRPPAAS amp HR RGEERs F3 D BY j B v ee S oi a fa UA UR Uu DA A M A Browser E Ve ow Y 3 F Project home i lb Home _ Favourites a jo c Z B hel a 19 a E e J z P mss i orade a Q 9 vos IG layer ax s a anng R 7 Results amp 7 N Watershed X Stream burn in robR WA N Streams srtm_30mn S R DEM srtm_30m 9 R L 1917 2049 2049 2182 Var a 6 Landuse R T Sol EA x see A Figure 6 Stream networks displayed 10 An inlets outlets file containing just a main outlet is provided for this example Check the Use an inlets outlets shapefile option and browse to MainOutlet MainOutlet shp 11 Users can add outlets reservoirs inlets and point sources by selecting the Draw Inlets Outlets option This first asks if you wish to add to the existing inlets outlets file or create a new one Having made this choice select the type of point to add and click on the map to place it at the appropriate place Points need to be placed on the stream network
30. subbasins reaches or HRUs or between simulated and observed values Plotting is done in two stages data collection and display After collection just before display data is saved in a comma separated value csv file This file can be loaded into tools like Excel to support more extensive analysis than provided by the plotting tool SWATGraph that is supplied with QS WAT 5 4 6 1 Collecting plot data As with other visualisation options start by selecting a scenario and SWAT output table Then reduce the period if you wish Next you can select an observed data file if you have one Figure 33 The structure of observed data files is described later As many plots as you like may be added to the table You can start by clicking Add plot This adds a row to the table and already shows the chosen scenario and table The Sub subbasin 39 field is empty and so is the Variable This first row is also the currently selected row and this is important Whenever we change the scenario output table subbasin HRU or variable settings through their pull down menus we will immediately change values in the currently selected row When you have more than one row you can select a row by clicking in it Whether the HRU setting is available or is set to depends on the table we are using If it is hru and we chose a multiple HRU option for the scenario then we can choose an HRU from the current subbasin Otherwise HRU is not used and is set to
31. then they will be defined if necessary calculated and the calculated values inserted Any file may have other fields defined these will be ignored The fields may be in any order The first exception is the DSNODEID field This is necessary if an outlets inlets shapefile is specified in which case it is assumed to be correct and its non negative values must refer to ID values in that file DSNODEID values are never recalculated The second exception is the Subbasin field in the watershed shapefile Even if present and Reuse is selected it is checked to have suitable values for the SWAT basin numbers These must be strictly positive and form a consecutive ascending sequence starting from 1 except for basins which are empty when the Subbasin values must be zero If the Subbasin values do not meet these requirements they are recalculated There are some conditions imposed on the fields The PolygonID values in the watershed shapefile must be unique non negative and must equal the corresponding WSNO values in the streams shapefile each subbasin must have exactly one stream reach and each stream reach must have exactly one subbasin These two fields provide the connection between the subbasins and the stream reaches The LINKNO values must also be unique and non negative and will typically but not necessarily be the same as the WSNO numbers The DSLINKNO downstream link values must each be another LINKNO value or 1 where 1 indicates a wa
32. xlsx and WGEN_Robit using Example Dataset WGEN_Robit xlsx Look up tables for landuse and soil maps are placed in the project database in our case CA QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Demo mdb not in the SWAT reference database In our case we need to make tables Robit_landuses from Example Dataset Robit_landuses xlsx and Robit_soils from Example Dataset Robit_soils xlsx This section shows how tables can be imported from Excel files Tables may also be imported by other means In particular they may be imported from comma separated value files or copied directly from other Access databases We will use as our first example importing WGEN_Robit xlsx into the copied reference database WGEN tables define data for simulating weather using a weather generator They are used by SWAT when observed data is missing either entirely or on particular dates The tables define data for one or more simulated weather stations The SWAT Editor will assign the same station to all subbasins if there is only one in the table or find the nearest to each subbasin if there are more than one You can define a new table in the reference database as we do here or replace the dummy data in the existing table WGEN_user 1 Open the copied reference database in Access Select External Data gt Excel gt Browse to the folder where the data to be imported is located 49 gt IR 9 Create Database Tools F T n nnuiiiiiniiiind Extern
33. 1 Show Avg Monthly Basin Values Show US Baseflow Map_ ohne fir sy Cf ok i i 4 F E Z Average Curve Number Messages and Wamings 85 3 Water yield may be excessive Surface runoff may be excessive ry nfiltration plant uptake Root Zone p Soil moisture redstnbution Vadose unsaturated Water Balance Ratios Zone Streamflow Precip 0 55 Revap from shallow aquifer Percolation to shallow aquifer Falta eee atum Flow ot S Shallow unconfined 2m ois 232 31 a E Aquifer Surface Runoff Total How 0 68 EG Y Deep Recharge Precip 0 01 Deep confined F duilhad Aquifer lt low cul of welorshod Recharge to deep aquifer 13 74 ET Precipitation 0 42 Figure 36 Graphical and numerical summary of hydrology related SWAT results from SWAT Check 3 The Sediment window summarizes graphically and numerically the sediment yield in the watershed both in the upland and in stream processes Figure 37 It can be accessed by clicking the Sediment tab at the top of the SWAT Check window Sediment loss from the landscape is affected by many factors Therefore summaries of sediment related results from SWAT Check can provide insights on how to improve the model performance in simulating sediment loss in the watershed For example a quick overview of sediment overestimation could hint to inadequate biomass production which could be further examined in the land use summary tab Figure 38 Moreover the Sediment tab prov
34. 1605301 NA PAST 10 430001 24 07952871870 FRST i z L 54 27098674521 0 073637702503 s 10 F 1 472754050073 4 639175257731 9 50 0 e SY SBBIBINARS pis Bs D D x2 Ras L i aan LJ Figure 16 Viewing a particular HRU 23 Before you continue with HRU definition if you look at the main QSWAT window you see that a new item Select Report to View is available and you can choose to view just two reports at this point which are the Elevation and Landuse and Soil reports The elevation report gives information about how much land is at each elevation from the lowest to the highest both for the watershed as a whole and for each subbasin Figure 17 The landuse and soil report lists the landuse soil and slope band areas for each subbasin Figure 18 Minimum elevation 1789 Maximum elevation 2045 Mean elevation 1894 10 Standard deviation 60 65 Elevation area up to elevation area of watershed 1789 0 08 08 1790 0 28 0 20 1791 0 62 0 34 1792 1 17 0 54 1793 1 69 0 52 1794 1 98 0 30 1795 2 33 0 34 1796 2 78 0 46 1797 3 26 0 48 1798 3 64 0 38 1799 4 09 0 46 1800 4 58 0 48 1801 5 10 0 52 1802 5 62 0 52 1803 6 02 0 40 1804 6 46 0 44 1805 7 02 0 56 1806 7 37 0 55 1807 8 02 0 45 1808 8 55 0 54 1809 8 95 0 40 ne Figure 17 Elevation report 21 __ LanduseSoilSlopeRepS File Edit Format View Help Petailed Landuse Soil Slope D
35. 3 35 4 08 TEFF 7 77 84 00 160 91 1 38 0 00 1 354 01 483 24 262 06 566 91 11 99 2 95 FRST 0 31 79 00 161 80 1 07 0 00 1 354 01 365 06 292 52 653 12 0 15 0 04 PAST 0 91 84 00 162 50 1 64 0 00 1 354 01 441 86 165 96 708 70 3 86 0 02 m View HRU Level Wamings Messages and Wamings Model errors are often isolated to a particular land use type ff the land use is relatively minor these Crop CORN sediment yield may be too high issues may go unnoticed at the basin outlet during calibration Often these minor land uses are the Crop CORN surface runoff may be excessive focus of scenario development and errors become apparent after the investment of much Crop TEFF surface runoff may be excessive calibration effort Crop PAST surface runoff may be excessive The table above contains a few important predictions summarized by land use These should be reviewed carefully The button to the right provides HRU level wamings these data are provided only to help isolate problem HRUs within a particular land use We do not recommend that these data be used during routine checking of model output Figure 38 SWAT Check Land Use Summary window that summarizes different landscape process components for each land use type in the watershed 5 This manual mainly focuses on hydrology and sediment related outputs of the SWAT Check However in studies related to water quality besides the functions of SWAT Check discussed above Nitrogen Cycle
36. Phosphorous Cycle and Landscape Nutrient Loss windows may be of vital importance Results from Plant Growth window of the SWAT Check will provide important guide for users who study agricultural crop yield and or biomass yield Moreover the Plant Growth window provides information about the various crop stresses e g Nitro gen Phosphorous and Temperature In cases where reservoirs are included in the manage ment operations the Reservoirs window could provide important information on reservoir processes Therefore all these functionalities in SWAT Check can be accessed by clicking the respective SWAT Check toolbars 48 6 Appendix I 6 1 Adding tables into SWAT and Project databases Tables need to be added to the project database Robit_landuses and Robit_soils and to the local copy of the SWAT reference database usersoil and WGEN_Robit We need to use a new usersoil table in the SWAT reference database A local copy of this database was made when the project was started so that changes to it would not affect other projects and would not be lost if we installed a new version of QSWAT If you want to change this database and use it in several projects you could instead edit the master copy CA SWAT S WATEditor Databases SWATRef2012mdb_ before you create any projects but remember to reinstate your changes if you install a new version of QSWAT The tables to be added to the reference database are usersoil using Example Dataset usersoil
37. Us QSWAT parameters Ste Edit Inputs and Run SWAT x cance C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Figure 3 Step 1 interface 5 At this stage the project database is created as Demo mdb in the project folder and a copy of the SWAT reference database QSWATRef2012 mdb is also created there Users should update these databases at this stage These include adding the look up tables for the land use and soil maps Refer to Appendix I at the end of this document on how to prepare the look up tables for landuse and soil Users may also need to extend or replace tables in the copy of the SWAT reference database again see Appendix I for details 5 1 Watershed Delineation 6 To start automatic watershed delineation click the Delineate Watershed button When the prompt box is opened browse to the data source in the dialogue box next to Select DEM 7 Browse to the C QSWAT_Projects Example Datase DEM srtm_30m folder and open the file hdr adf This DEM is an ESRI grid and consists of a number of files The file called hdradf is the one to choose for such a grid S Select DEM x GO Windows7_OS C QSWAT Projects Example Dataset DEM srtm_30m s Search srtm_30m P Organize v New folder Fl Sk Favorites Name Date modified Type Size BB Desktop _ dblbnd adf 12 8 2014 9 50PM ADF File 1 KB i Downloads _ hdr adf 12 8 2014 9 50 PM ADF File 1 KB H Recent Pla
38. abases preparing climatic data etc All the spatial data DEM land use and soil should be projected into the same projected coordinate system Users can refer to Ap pendix II for preparing global data for QSWAT Users can also refer to the Arcswat Interface for SWAT2012 User s Guide page 11 36 for detailed guidance The example files used in this manual are available in the QSWAT directory in a directory Example Dataset This directory contains e ADEM in directory DEM e A stream reaches file to burn in to the DEM in directory RobitStreams e An outlet file in directory MainOutlet e Landuse and soil maps in directories Landuse and Soil e Climate data in directory ClimateRobit e Some Excel files for making database tables and e An observed data file observedFlow csv in directory Observed Users are recommended to save the example dataset in a folder C QSWAT_Projects Example Dataset during setting up the QSWAT project 4 Structure and Location of Output Data We will be establishing a project called Demo say in a folder CA QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 This will create 1 In the folder C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov the project file Demo ggs and a folder Demo If we later want to reopen the project Demo qgs will be the file we look for The folder Demo is the project folder 2 A folder C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Scenarios Default TxtInOut that will contain all the SWAT input and output files 3 A folder CA QSWAT_Pr
39. al Data Microsoft Access TT aaa SS eee BAB a O Pir a2 9 XML File x sa s S Word Merge Saved Linke Excel Access ODBC Saved Excel bis XML PDF E mail Create Manage Imports Ma Database 9 More Exports File File ar XPS E More E mail Replies Import amp Link Export Collect Data Tables S E SeletedObjects E Selections 29 seprng septwq E septwqdefauit Specify the source of the data E septwarng BH nan File name _ C Jsers yihun dile Documents ILSSI Workshop User Databases WGEN_user xisx E soitsus E soing Specify how and where you want to store the data in the current database E subrng Import the source data into a new table in the current database E swam If the specified table does not exist Access will create it If the specified table already exists Access might overwrite its contents banal with the imported data Changes made to the source data will not be reflected in the database E toimetapata l a a Append a copy of the records to the table au toinpar il If the specified table exists Access will add the records to the table If the table does not exist Access will create it Changes made E tilldefautt to the source data will not be reflected in the database E timg Linkto the data source by creating a linked table E tstype Access will create a table that will maintain a link to the source data in Excel ees ae Se E ee ce Wa a refiected in the linked tabl
40. basin Elevation bands Area Ha Figure 21 Creating multiple HRUs by Filter by land use soil and slope 26 Create HRUs is now reported as done and the third step is enabled Figure 22 If you requested a Full HRUs file you will notice that an Actual HRUs file has now been added This contains the potential HRUs that were retained as actual HRUs and so typically has some holes representing those that were not retained This file also shows the numbering of HRUs as well 25 as subbasins If you open its attribute table you will see in the last column called HRUGIS values like 000050001 which indicates that this row is for HRU 1 in subbasin 5 Input files for this HRU found in the 7xt nOut folder use the HRUGIS value as their base file name HRUs that were split those for landuse AGRL have two HRUGIS values since they will have two sets of HRU input files one for CORN and one for TEFF If you look at the Reports now available you will find that there is an HRUs report that only includes the landuses soils and slope bands left after HRU selection and also gives details of the HRUs that have been formed Figure 23 If you wish to change the HRU thresholds then you can click the Create HRUs button again change the thresholds and or the landuses to be split or exempted and rerun the Create HRUs step Done Delineate Watershed Done Create HRUs QSWAT parameters Step 3 Edit Inputs and Run SWAT ox cm Select report to v
41. ces metadata xml 2 8 20149 50PM_ XML Document 9KB 2 Yihun tor H _ prj adf 2014 9 50 PM ADF File 1 KB 23 Dropbox _ sta adf 12 8 20149 50PM ADF File 1KB vat adf 2 8 20149 50PM ADF File 4KB Libraries _ w001001 adf 12 8 20149 50PM_ ADF File 154 KB Documents _ w001001x adf 12 8 20149 50PM_ ADF File 2 KB d Music E Pictures E Videos jE Computer amp Windows7_OS C 2 Commons To 28 yihun tor H a File name hdr adf gt Allfiles 7 eena Figure 4 Selecting the DEM 8 The name of the elevation map grid will be displayed in the DEM text box below the Watershed dialogue box The selected DEM will be copied to the projects Source folder and if necessary converted to GeoTiff format tif If your DEM s units are not metres you can select the DEM properties tab and change them This tab also shows the DEM cell size cell area projection system and extent in degrees Users can burn in using an existing stream network using the option Burn in existing stream network use a file with the extension shp Figure 5 Check the Burn in existing stream network option and select the file CA QSWAT_Projects Example Datase RobitStreams robReach shp The delineation form allows you to opt for a predefined watershed and stream network by selecting the Use existing watershed tab If you are interested in using a predefined watershed and stream network please refer to Appendix III Using a Predefined Watershed and St
42. climatic data from the closest station If there is no observed station climatic data QSWAT will use simulated data using the weather generator The algorithm used by QSWAT is as follows for example suppose there are weather stations with identifiers A B and C and tables Apcp Bpcp Atmp Btmp and Cslr Then the result will be For precipitation subbasins will use measured data from Apcp or Bpcp according to whether station A or B is closer For temperature subbasins will use measured data from Atmp or Btmp according to whether station A or B is closer For solar radiation all subbasins will use measured data from Cslr For relative humidity all subbasins will use simulated data For wind speed all subbasins will use simulated data 53 This makes it easy for users to vary climate data if they wish and to combine measured data from a number of sources It is even possible to combine simulated and measured data for different subbasins in the example above for example if all the values in Apcp are 99 missing data while Bpcp is measured data then subbasins nearer to station A will use simulated precipitation data and those nearer to B will use measured data 6 Weather generation When measured data is not available SWAT uses data simulated by a weather generator program which uses parameters supplied in weather generator files The SWAT Editor uses a weather generator table which can contain the paramete
43. e However the source data cannot be changed from within Access urban Figure 1 Importing data into SWAT database 2 Select the radio button Import the source data into table in the current database 3 Follow the wizard click next three times and on the fourth step choose the radio button No Primary Key Figure 2 The table to be appended should have the same format as the table WGEN_US_FirstOrder in the database 50 Microsoft Access recommends that you define a primary key for your new table A primary key is used to uniquely identify each record in your table It allows you to retrieve data more quickly O Let Access add primary key L Choose my own primary key Iv OBJECT D STATE STATION LSTATION ID WLATITUDE __ WLONGITUDE__IWELEV RAIN YRS THPAX ____ HTL LAE ll l Figure 2 Formatting the table similar to the table WGEN_US_FirstOrder Name the table with a name starting WGEN e g WGEN_Robit Figure 3 Creating the usersoil table in the reference database from Example Datasetusersoil xlsx is very similar except that since there is already a table usersoil you will be asked to confirm that you want to overwrite it The table must be called usersoil 51 That s all the information the wizard needs to import your data C I would like a wizard to analyze my table after importing the data Figure 3 Naming the table 52 6 2 Preparing daily climatic data for QSWAT
44. ely For each tab for rainfall temperature etc check the option for gages rather than simulation and select the appropriate stations file Click OK The climate data which will be accessed by SWAT Editor using station information are robpcp txt robtmp txt robsol txt robrhum txt and robwind txt Click Cancel to close the Weather Data Definition form 28 31 To write the remaining input tables and files select Write Input Tables gt Write SWAT Input Tables Click Select All in the list box Figure 25 and click the Create Tables button There is a program for estimating the heat units needed for plant growth using climate data but it is currently available only for the USA Since this project is outside the USA choose the option No The heat units value appears in the management mgt files and you can later edit these values using the SWAT Editor Also answer No to writing point source reservoir and inlet information Writing the database tables can take a few minutes especially if your simulation covers several years but it is fast in this case as the weather data is prepared already A form announces that the tables have been built where you click OK to acknowledge If all is well you will see a form Figure 25 showing that all database tables and files have been written successfully Click Cancel Write SWAT Database Tables gt nn Select Tabels to Write Completed Confirguration File Fig Completed Soil Data Sol
45. esOut folder of the scenario At each time step the values of the variable are updated and the file redisplayed Hence this file is being continuously changed It is regarded as a temporary file and so is not preserved If you wish to save a view of the animation at a particular moment you can pause the animation and make a copy of this file remembering to copy the dbf prj and shx files as well as the shp file 37 Figure 31 Choosing an animation variable 38 a 4 m 20 00 06 PEt 229 S GD CP E byes aoe yaan 9 R A Results 7 R Animate Simi PETmm x D 103 114 x _ 114 125 x x P 125 141 141 169 7 NR C Default SURQMm x _ 492 492 992 496 496 507 507 522 522 536 tershed inlets outlets extra tlet EEE B EEE L gt 4 a ax Eh od T Fad HT He i Z L NR RRR RRR Z RRR R 2 5 er L D 6 7 Z Point source amp Inlets outlets MainOutlet Figure 32 Start animation As with static visualisation it is possible to change the colouring scheme used the colour ramp and or the number of classes right click on the legend entry select Properties and then select Style 5 4 6 Plotting Plotting allows the rapid display of output data as line graphs or histograms plotting values against time It is intended to facilitate comparisons of outputs from different scenarios or different
46. eservoir 9 R Point source B Inlets outlets M x K Outlet 8 R inet E N Reservoir GS Point source R Stream burn in qj R Streams srtm_ 1 selected sr ax FO Subbasins s SWAT subbasin nl Upstream from inlet o P vem na 30m 1726 1017 Figure 10 Step of merging subbasins 15 For the sake of this exercise we will not merge the selected subbasin Release the Ctrl key and click on the map outside the watershed and the selected subbasin will be unselected Checking the option of Select small subbasins provides the option to merge subbasins below a certain threshold i e either the area in hectares or a percentage of the mean subbasin area Figure 11 For this exercise click the radio button percentage of mean area and put 25 in the box next to it Click Select It will show you subbasins that have an area less than 25 of the mean area When finished click Save to save your selection or Cancel to abandon your selection You click Merge to perform the merge Note You cannot merge a subbasin that has an outlet inlet reservoir or point source So in this example the only small subbasin is that nearest the watershed outlet which cannot be merged and QSWAT will report this 15 procs ghto Project Edit View Layer Settings Plugins Vector Raster Database Web Processing Help a G KEN fe DARRA 40 IMDUC 910 PI RSS D a Browser Sx 6 Ow Y 2 E e aa
47. f you see degrees instead of metres as the coordinates you should open Project Project Properties and select the CRS tab If Enable on the fly CRS transformation is checked you are strongly advised to uncheck it If it is checked then you will not be informed about loading layers with different projections which can lead to errors in QSWAT 63 Format ESRI Shapefile ne Save as Users Chirs George QSWAT docs maps dem sj_watershed_utm shp Browse CRS Selected CRS v WGS 84 UTM zone 14N Figure 5 Reprojecting a shapefile some other projection right click on the entry in the Layers panel select Save as and in the next form change the CRS from Layer CRS to Selected CRS use Browse to find the projection enter a new file name and click OK Figure 5 We can now use this boundary shapefile to clip our DEM Start QGIS load the projected DEM and then load the projected watershed shapefile Figure 6 Check the shape lies within the DEM or we made a mistake somewhere 64 Project Edit View Layer Settings Plugins Vector Raster Database Web Processing Help NSAROREOeePLHR 78749 Sa T De Ne Na UR UUE A E A Hs ipi Sa t E x C sj_watershed_utm E R sj_dem_utm a 1704 az 3031 S Q D 92 Q a L 4 D e a n Sere n a e A Figure 6 Ready to clip DEM with watershed boundary shape Then use Raster Extraction gt Clipper to open the Clipper form Figure 7 If not already 65 se
48. he main QSWAT interface will be displayed Click the box New Project 4 A browser will be displayed requesting a name for the new project Type Demo in the text box labelled File name under the C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov1 folder See Figure 2 S oswar 10 on x Select Project New Project Existing Project J Choose a file name to save the QGIS project file as rx GO QSWAT Projects Robit Demovi lal Search Demovi 2 QSWAT parameters Organize v New folder v 9 3 Dropbox A Name Date modified Type Siz Libraries No items match your search B Documents ad Music Pictures E Videos m 785 Computer amp Windows7_0S C SR Commons To lt m LA srihunt Atar H l File name X Save as type QGIS files qgs QGS Hide Folders Figure 2 Creating a QSWAT project At this stage all your maps should be prepared in an equal area projection probably but not necessarily UTM All the maps should be in the same projection coordinate system The interface now presents a step by step configuration to be followed in order to prepare the SWAT simulation starting with Step 1 Figure 3 UTM is not an equal area projection but is close to being so and sufficiently close for SWAT to use on most watersheds g aswar 10 o x About Select Project New Project Existing Project Main Steps Step 1 Delineate Watershed Step 2 Create HR
49. ick the Select button beside it to bring up the Select the target SRS form Figure 3 For zone 14 in the northern hemisphere for example we need to find WGS84 UTM zone 14N If we have used it recently it will appear in the upper Recently used box Otherwise we have to find it in the lower box It will appear under Projected Coordinate Systems rather than Geographic and can be found much closer to the bottom than the top Note that it has an EPSG number of 32614 while the corresponding zone in the southern hemisphere has an EPSG number of 32714 So if you know the zone and the north or south hemisphere you can calculate the EPSG number QGIS does not support finding the CRS by EPSG number however On the other hand once you have used it it will appear in the recently used list making it much quicker next time Make sure the right zone appears in the Selected CRS box and click OK Check No Data values and put in the same no data value 32768 for 90m 32767 for 30m Uncheck Load into canvas when finished the projection is different from the current lat long projection and should be viewed in a new QGIS window TauDEM recommends that DEMs have square cells Gdalwarp the tool that we are using to do the reprojection has a parameter to generate an output grid with a particular resolution but the QGIS form does not offer this option We can achieve it however by editing the command in the bottom window of the Warp form To do this click on the
50. ides warnings when results are outside ranges available in the literature However results are watershed specific and one needs to use these warnings as a basis for further re examination by taking the actual land scape processes in the particular study watershed into context 46 Setup _ Hydrology Sediment Nitrogen Cycle Phosphorus Cycle Plant Growth Landscape Nutrient Losses Land Use Summary instream Processes Point Sources Reservoirs About specific land uses If your maximum upland sediment yield is Bae 1a he banka TO ihe probier land use A i Sediment loss fom the landscape is dependent upon mi Maximum upland sediment yield Mg ha factors Sediment overestimation in SWAT is most a 144 07 due to inadequate biomass production This often occurs on SWAT also modifies sediments to account for in stream deposition and erosion of stream banks and channels Often there is little or no measured data to differentiate between upland sediment and in stream sediment changes Streams may be either a net source of sediment or a sink In stream sediment modification is impacted by physical channel characteristic s slope width depth channel cover and substrate characteristics and the quantity of sediment and flow from upstream Inlet point sources sediment N In stream Sediment Chi Mg ha Tg Average sediment yield is greater than 10 metric ton per ha This is very high for a basin average Max
51. iew C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Figure 22 About to do step 3 26 petailed Landuse soil Slope Distribution 18 May 2015 15 07 Using percentage of subbasin as a threshold Multiple HRUs Landuse soil Slope option Thresholds 10 10 10 Number of HRUs 54 Number of subbasins 9 Landuses exempt from thresholds FRST split landuses AGRL split into CORN 50 TEFF 50 Numbers in parentheses are corresponding values before HRU creation 155 43 5 43 30 06 1 83 0 00 46 37 46 37 0 00 1489 77 51 75 1623 51 0 10 0 1011 24 10 0 9999 S 664 02 Area ha watershed Subbasin Figure 23 HRUs report 21 It is strongly recommended to save the project via the file menu of QGIS at this stage 5 3 SWAT Setup and Run 28 At this point almost everything is ready to write the SWAT input files and run SWAT The SWAT Editor assumes that dates are written in the mm dd yyyy format You may need to change to this system on your machine by opening the Control Panel selecting Region and setting English United States as the format Otherwise you may get messages about invalid date Click Edit Inputs and Run SWAT Figure 22 This executes SWAT Editor Figure 24 27 Write Input Tables Edit SWAT Input SWAT Simulation Help SWAT Project Geodatabase QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Demo mdb al SWAT Parameter Geodatabase CAQSWAT _Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo QSWATRef2 al SWAT Soils
52. istribution 18 May 2015 14 38 Number of subbasins 9 Area ha 1675 26 Area ha Swar er shed 1489 77 88 93 155 43 9 28 FRST 30 06 1 79 VRe 51 75 LVX 1623 51 0 10 0 1011 24 10 0 9999 Area ha watershed Subbasin 122 22 7 30 114 66 7 56 18 99 103 23 Figure 18 Landuse and soil report 24 At this point you have the options to split landuses and to exempt landuses both of which will affect how HRUs are defined Splitting landuses allows you to define more precise landuses than your landuse map provides If say you know that in this basin 50 of the AGRL Agricultural land generic is used for corn and the other 50 is used for teff you could split AGRL into 50 CORN and 50 TEFF Figure 19 It is possible to use the original landuse here AGRL as one of the sub landuses The percentages are integers and need to sum to 100 for each landuse you split Split AGRL into 50 CORN and 50 TEFF as shown Exempting landuses allows us to ensure that a landuse is retained in the HRU calculation even if it falls below the thresholds we will define later For example we might decide to exempt the forest landuse FRST Figure 20 Make this exemption 22 Bsns e Figure 19 Splitting a landuse E Exempt Landuses x Figure 20 Exempting a landuse 25 Once all the data has been read in and stored the Single Multiple HRUs choice is enabled Dominant landuse soil slope and Dominant HRU options
53. itten without warning The pull down menu in Choose variables contains all the output variables from your chosen table You can select these one at a time and use the Add button to add them to the box below or simply click All to get all of them You can adjust your selection by selecting and using Del to delete ones or using Clear to delete all of them Data from all the variables you place in the box will be placed in the results file You then need to select one of them to be displayed 34 Visualise Results eo Sa Choose scenario Choose SWAT output table Default Se 4 Simi Start date January v 1993 Month Year Static data Animation Plot Choose results shapefile Figure 29 Visualise results form For each variable for each subbasin the output data has a value for each day month or year of your simulation according to what period you chose for the SWAT run To display the results graphically we need to produce a single value for each variable for each subbasin and for this we choose a Summary Summaries available are e Totals the summary is the total of the values for the variable for the subbasin reach or 35 HRU e Daily means the summary is the daily mean of the total the total divided by the number of days in the simulation e Monthly means the summary is the monthly mean of the total the total divided by the number of months in the simulation The number of months may be fractional e Annual
54. lected select the dem_utm from the pull down menu as the input Click the output Select button navigate to the map folder and use perhaps sj_dem_clip_utm as the file name Set the no data value to that of the DEM 32768 for the 90m 32767 for the 30m Set the Clipping mode to Mask layer and make sure the boundary shapefile is selected Click OK to reproject and again to clear the completion message Input file raster sj_dem_utm A Select Output File SWAT docs maps dem sj_dem_clip_utm tif Select Np data value 32768 KL Clipping mode Extent Mask layer Mask layer sj_watershed_utm Y Select Create an output alpha band Load into canvas when finished adalwarp dstnodata 32768 q cutline C Users Chirs George QSWAT docs maps dem sj_watershed_utm shp crop_to_cutline of GTP C Users Chirs George QSWAT docs maps dem sj_dem_utm tif C Users Chirs George QSWAT docs maps demsj_dem_clip_utm tif Figure 7 Clipping the DEM by mask Close the clipper form and remove the dem_utm to check that we have a DEM clipped to the shape 7 7 Large DEMs Some processing times for large DEMs are shown in Table 1 These are not intended to be anything more than indicative while the number of cells in a DEM is probably the main factor 66 influencing processing time it is not the only one DEM sizes are in millions of cells for example the 100 million DEM has 10000 rows and 10000 columns You can see the size of your
55. lose the command window and run SWAT again but with a debug version of SWAT exe selected The error message may suggest which SWAT input file needs to be checked or you may be able to get more information from examining the SWAT source code but probably you will need to report the problem to the SWAT team Go to the SWAT support page http swat tamu edu support for advice Click Cancel to close the SWAT simulation window 37 If you want to use QSWAT visualisation you need to use Read SWAT Output in the SWAT Simulation menu Select output rch output sub output hru output sed and if you checked Print Water Quality Output in the Run SWAT form output wql and click Import Files to Database 38 The SWAT simulations can be saved using the Read SWAT Output option under SWAT Simulation tab This copies C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov1 Demo Scenarios Default to CA QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Scenarios Sim1 if the user chooses to save as Sim1 If 31 Sim already exists it will ask the user to confirm it should be overwritten Click Cancel to close the SWAT Output form 39 Set Default Simulation option under SWAT Simulation tab helps to restore the model parameters and its output back to a preferred previous SWAT simulation i e not necessarily only to the default simulation 40 Manual Calibration helper option under SWAT Simulation is used to calibrate SWAT parameters manually It can also be used to implement calibrated model parame
56. m the previous project may be used If such a file is not specified only main outlet s from the watershed will be used as main outlets in the new project You will not be able to mark inlets but you will later be able to add reservoirs and or point sources to existing subbasins The watershed shapefile must be a polygon shapefile each polygon representing a subbasin with the following fields Necessary Optional Name Type Necessary PolygonID Integer Optional Area Double Optional Subbasin Integer The streams shapefile must be a line shapefile each line representing a stream reach with the following fields Necessary Optional Name Type Necessary WSNO Integer Necessary LINKNO Integer Necessary DSLINKNO Integer Optional DSNODEID Integer Optional Length Double Optional Drop Double 69 An outlets inlets shapefile must be a point shapefile with the following fields Necessary Optional Name Type Necessary ID Integer Necessary RES Integer Necessary INLET Integer Necessary PTSOURCE Integer Necessary fields must be defined in the original files Optional fields may or may not be defined originally With two exceptions defined below if optional fields are defined and if the Reuse button is checked then their values will be assumed to be correct and reused If optional fields are not defined originally or if the Recalculate button is checked
57. m we can choose indicates that there is a subbasin where the maximum value for a landuse is 81 If we chose a higher value than 81 we would be trying to ignore all the landuse categories in that subbasin Hence 81 is the minimum across the subbasins of the maximum landuse percentage in each subbasin For this exercise let s select 10 for landuse by using the slider or by typing in the box and click Go The interface then computes the min max percentage for a soil as 52 Select 10 for Soil click Go Similarly select 10 for slope At this stage the user can create HRUs by clicking Create HRUs Figure 21 The number of HRUs created 54 is reported at the top of the map canvas 24 Z Create HRUs arg g b Select landuse map C QSWAT Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Source Landuse roblandusenew hdr adf Landuse table Robit_landuses Select soil map C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Source Soil mowr_soil90 hdr adf Soil data usersoil STATSGO SSURGO STATSGO2 50 table Robit_sols IR Generate FullHRUs shapefile Read choice Read from maps Read from previous run Set bands for slope Single Multiple HRUs C asta sa a O Landuse 81 10 Gear Dominant HRU eens Set landuse soil slope thresholds Slope bands Filter by landuse soil slope oO i E lt 0 10 9999 Ww Filter by area 0 Soil Optional Target number of HRUs Split landuses Threshold method Exempt landuses Percent of sub
58. nt Growth Landscape Nutrient Losses Land Use Summary Instream Processes Point Sources Reservoirs About Project Location C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Scenarios Sim 1 Tt InOut QA Examine Model Output Instructions Simulation Details 1 Specify your path in the text box above Button to choose a SWAT Jun 112014 VER 2012 Rev 627 2 Press the Examine Model Output butt the top right of the wind S mei sone articular simulation 3 Click each tab to review related model outputs statistics and wamings Simulation Length yrs 11 PLEASE DO NOT CONTACT THE SWAT USER SUPPORT TEAM DUE TO THE WARNINGS emt Gro a GENERATED BY THIS PROGRAM WITHOUT FIRST INVESTIGATING THE ISSUES YOURSELF CUE Subbasins 9 Messages and Wamings Output Timestep Monthly Precip Method Measured Starting Analysis Finished reading File CO Finished reading Output std Watershed Areakm2 16 75 Finished reading Hyd out Finished reading Output rch Finished reading Output rsv Finished checking data Finished Analysis Hydrology Wamings Please Examine Nutrient Losses Wamings Please Examine Land Use Wamings Please Examine In stream Processes Wamings Please Examine Point Source Inlet Wamings Please Examine Reservoir Wamings Please Examine Figure 35 SWAT Check Setup window showing how to run SWAT Check for a particular simulation 2 The Hydrology window in SWAT Check summarizes the water balance
59. of several parts has the landuse AGRL the soil LVx and the slope band 0 0 Its area of 172 35 ha is 50 1 of the subbasin Close the Attribute Table Editor Generating the FullHRUs shapefile is optional as it can take some time A count of the potential HRUs 51 in this example is displayed whether this file is created or not Ve G Qu Y a F L Project home a S 0 Hor g Favourites a e cy a k Ao e Z D layes ax a 72 Q x P outlet 2 R der R Reservoir Point source Inlets outlets MainOutlet R k ouier N der ry R Reserv R7 Point source Stream burn in robReach ae Reaches riv1 Streams srtm_30mnet Vor E Subbasins srtm_ b B R DEM srtm_30m G 1785 1917 1917 2049 l 2049 2182 7 8 7 Landuse 4 amp 7 NX GH Landuses roblandusenew AGRL de PAST FRST p R A sol BR Soils mowr_soil90 5 7 Slope 7 N IF slope bands srtm_30mslope_b 0 10 0 Figure 15 After reading grids 20 Browser Dx B a i LY a amp GD I x v g 2 L gt m J Inlets outlets MainOutlet X K ouier R Ainet Reservoir Point source Stream burn in robReach x Reaches riv1 Streams srtm_30mnet B e A Subbasins srtm_30mwshed tol HRUs hru1 ax i srtm_30m 4 1785 1917 1917 2049 2049 2182 a Landuse i 10 11 52000000000 9 425625920471 a jao 7380000000000 6 03829
60. ojects Robit Demov1 Demo Scenarios Default TablesIn that may be used by the SWAT Editor 4 A folder C OQSWAT_Projects Robit Demov1 Demo Scenarios Default TablesOut that may be used by the SWAT Editor and is used to hold results files from visualisation 5 A folder CX QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov1 Demo Source that will contain copies of our input maps and a number of intermediate maps generated during watershed delineation 6 If we choose to save a SWAT run as Siml say then a folder CA QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov1 Demo Scenarios Sim will be created a copy of CA QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov1 Demo Scenarios Default including its sub folders 7 A folder CX QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov1 Demo Watershed with several sub folders 5 Setup for Robit Watershed Lake Tana Basin 1 Start QGIS and select Plugins menu gt Manage and Install Plugins and find QSWAT Click its checkbox to install which takes a few seconds The SWAT icon will appear in the toolbar 4 6 261 Shon nn EO A a OEE Project Edit View Layer Settings Plugins Vector Raster Database Web Processing Help D BERBAR MOF S amp P fRPoAgne amp 4 NR Ro SS e 99c B OY L 2 m amp d sw Browser GE NS 16 ow G E leh Home lal E Y Favourites T 3 E Z a i 2 E o MSSQL D gt orade Postais a 9 A Spatialite B Layers Ex a C al lt 7Toan SWAT 9s Vor Eh 5 ae da b Figure 1 QGIS with the SWAT icon 2 Start QSWAT by clicking the SWAT icon 3 T
61. on click on the plus sign to expand and find SRTM Expand that and check SRTM 1 Arc Second Global Then go straight to the fourth tab Results After a few seconds you should see the tiles you need listed For each one Click on Download options the 5 symbol and then click Download beside GeoTIFF Save the file close the Download Options form and repeat for each of your tiles Note that the save form says the file is a zipped archive but its extension is tif and it is not zipped Move the tif files to the map folder 7 3 Clipping the grids Start QGIS and load the first grid using Layer gt Add Raster Layer or the corresponding button on the left of the QGIS window Select Raster gt Extraction Clipper to bring up the Clipper form Figure 1 Set the grid to the Input file type lt grid_name gt _clip_ll as the Output file check No data value and enter the appropriate value which is 32768 for 90m data and 32767 for 30m data You can find the appropriate value by right clicking on the entry in the Layers panel selecting Properties and selecting the General tab The no data value is included in the Layer info box Use Extent as the Clipping mode and enter the extent you used to download the grids It is a good idea to widen these somewhat say by 0 2 of a degree to make sure there are no problems x here means longitude and y is latitude Make a note of the values you use as you may need them again The extent will be shown a
62. ons Tor G E SWAT_32rel exe 6 20 2014 12 04 PM Application 2 680 KB Sg yihun tor H m SWAT_64debug exe 6 20 2014 12 04 PM_ Application 16 753 KB Gy idrive yangtze iiasa ac at m SWAT_64rel exe 6 20 2014 12 04 PM Application 3 139 KB Gy taddele sumida iiasa ac at u060sumida f swat2012 exe 6 20 2014 12 03 PM Application 2 680 KB Gy taddele pdrv sumida iiasa ac at g001sur C SwatEditor exe 6 20 2014 12 04 PM Application 2 283 KB By Lenovo Recovery Q _ SwatEditor exe config 4 4 201512 20PM CONFIG File 1KB _ SwatEditorInstallState 12 13 2014 7 19 PM _ INSTALLSTATE File 2 KB Gy Network Figure SWAT Editor installation folder after installing QS WAT Install QSWAT by running QSWATinstall1 2 exe or a later version This adds some files to the SWATEditor a project database and a reference database in Databases SWATGraph in the SWATGraph folder and also stores the TauDEM executables in a new directory C SWAT SWATEditor TauDEM5Bin The QGIS plugin QSWAT is put into the user s home directory in ggis2 python plugins QSwat which we will refer to as the QSWAT directory The latest version of QSWAT can be downloaded from the SWAT website http swat tamu edu 3 Structure and Location of Source Data Before starting QGIS users should prepare their tabular and spatial data according to SWAT re quirements Users can refer to Appendix I on preparing tabular data e g uploading look up tables into SWAT dat
63. operties and then 36 select the Style tab To display a different variable from the list select it with the mouse and click Create To change the summary select the new one from the pull down menu and click Create 5 4 5 Animation To animate after choosing the scenario and the SWAT output table select the Animation tab The Variable pull down menu contains all the variables from the chosen output table Figure 31 select one of these A new animation layer is created in the map canvas showing the initial values of this variable in the simulation Figure 32 Here we are animating the PETmm variable in the Sim simulation Note that the range of possible values runs from 90 to 169 the minimum and maximum values for PETmm for the whole simulation period You can view the actual initial values for each subbasin by examining the attribute table right click on the Animate entry in the Layers panel and Open Attribute Table There are controls to run pause and rewind the simulation it steps through daily monthly or annual time steps according to the reporting period chosen for the simulation The speed of the animation can be adjusted using the Speed spinbox You can also investigate the changing values manually by dragging the slider or by pressing the left and right arrows on your keyboard The date day month or year of each step appears above the slider The animation is achieved by creating a shapefile animate shp in the Tabl
64. or watersheds in the USA for which you are using STATSGO STATSGO2 or SSURGO soil maps To use STATSGO2 or SSURGO soil maps you will need to download SWAT_US_SSURGO_Soils mdb from http swat tamu edu media 63316 SWAT_US_SSURGO_Soils zip and install it in CMS WA TS WATEditor Databases No soil lookup table is needed with STATSGO2 or SSURGO 20 We will form HRUs based on slope as well as landuse and soil We add an intermediate point for slopes e g 10 to divide HRUs into those with average slopes in the range 0 10 and those with average slopes above 10 Type 10 in the box and click Insert The Slope bands box shows the intermediate limit is inserted To generate the FullHRUs shapefile click in the check box 21 To read in the data from the DEM landuse soil and slope maps and prepare to calculate HRUs make sure Read from maps is checked and click Read Figure 14 This may take a few minutes There is also an option Read from previous run This can be used when rerunning the project provided you have not rerun the delineation step and not changed the soil or landuse inputs or the slope bands to recover information from the project database instead of rereading the grids Reading from the database is substantially faster 18 C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Source Landuse yoblandusenew hdr adr Landuse table Robit_landuses Select soil map C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Source Soil nowr _soil90 hdr adf Soil data
65. out Settings EE E pecans C Daily C Yearly T Print Log Flow T Print Pesticide Output Monthly NYSKIP 3 T Print Hourly Output D Print Soil Storage M Rainfall Distribution T Print Soil Nutrient T Route Headwaters Print Binary Output Skewed normal Ie Print Water Quality Output T Print Snow Output Print Vel Depth Output Mixed exponential E T Print MGT Output I Print WTR Output 7 Print Calendar Dates DRED Output File Variables Jal v 32 bit debug 32 bit release C 64 bit debug Z 64 bit release L Set CPU Affinity ane C Custom swatUser exe in TxtlnOut folder CPU ID fi Figure 26 Setting up SWAT Run 34 Click Run SWAT to launch the SWAT executable in a command window Figure 27 30 SWAT2615 Rev 637 Soil amp Water Assessment Tool Version Program reading from file cio executing Executing year Executing year Executing year Executing year Executing year Executing year Executing year Executing year Executing year a 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 Figure 27 Running SWAT 35 If the run is successful the command window will close and a message box will say that SWAT was run successfully Click OK 36 If the run is not successful the command window will stay open with a message telling you to Hit Enter to exit The release versions of the SWAT executable run faster than the debug versions but don t provide information on errors so if you have an error hit enter to c
66. r use Excel s graphing tools Once the data is written to the csv file SWATGraph is automatically started to display the data graphically see Figure 34 The data has been displayed as histograms labelled by months as that 41 was the time interval of our SWAT output We can change the display to lines using the Chart Type pull down box and clicking Update Graph Figure 34 shows a plot of the flow out of subbasin 9 the main outlet against the observed data file observedFlow csv supplied with the Robit example Note that this file only has data from the beginning of 1993 to the end of 1997 so the finish date needs to be adjusted to 31 December 1997 before clicking Plot Other SWATGraph options include importing another similarly created csv file using New File to Plot and saving the graph to the clipboard using Copy chart to clipboard so we can then for example paste it into the Paint tool to make an image file The data from the csv file is also displayed The column headings also shown in the graph legend take the form Scenario Table Number Variable where Number is the subbasin number if the table is reach or subbasin and the hru number if the table is hru For an observed plot the form is observed Variable You can fill in the Chart Title and Y Axis Titles if you wish and change the X Axis Title At the bottom of the screen some statistics are displayed These are correlation coefficients for each pair of plots and Nash
67. rce Fa K kesw Rf T amp ka L to each subbasin Figure 12 You can also add reservoirs to selected subbasins You then need to click Add Unlike points added earlier these extra point sources or reservoirs do not create subbasin boundaries but are added to existing subbasins provided they do not already have point sources or reservoirs Adding point sources to all subbasins is useful if you have several to add It is quite safe since only those you provide input data for will have any effect in the SWAT simulation For this example check the box Add point source to each subbasin and click Add This will add point source to each subbasin Figure 12 16 a a Project Edit View Layer Settings Plugins Vector Raster Database Web Processing Help al ELELLA cen a H ba Te E E Delineate Watershed i aS Select DEM 2 E R e GH amp HT El k D E E 5 1 C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Source srtm_30m tif Delineate watershed Use existing watershed DEM properties TauDEM output Burn in existing stream network C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Source robReach shp Define threshold 1000 Number of cells 90 Area hectares v Create streams C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Watershed Shapes MainOutlet_sel shp Use an inlets outlets shapefile Draw inlets outlets Selectinlets outlets 1 selected
68. ream Network We will not use MPI which enables multiprocessing during watershed delineation see Appendix IV and so the Number of processes spinbox should be set to 0 10 Delineate Watershed i o D o beea Select DEM C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Source srtm_30m tif Delineate watershed Use existing watershed DEM properties TauDEM output Burn in existing stream network C QSWAT Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Source yobReach shp man Define threshold Number of cells Area hectares v Use an inlets outlets shapefile Draw inlets outlets Snap threshold metres 300 m Merge subbasins Select subbasins Add reservoirs and point sources Select reservoir subbasins C Add point source to each subbasin a Number Show Taudem 0 of pr output Figure 5 Creating stream networks 9 The threshold size for creating subbasins should be set next It can be set by area in various units such as sq km or hectares or by number of cells If necessary change the threshold method to use hectares change the number of hectares to 90 and press Create Streams the number of cells will be adjusted to the corresponding value 1000 The threshold is the number 11 of cells or area required to form a stream a cell will be made part of a stream if it has at least the threshold number of cells draining into it Stream reaches are sections of the stream network between significant points where
69. reated by copying QSWATProj2012 mdb to the New Project Therefore before Step 1 the user has to add any extra tables that are needed for a particular project Standard landuse and soil tables namely global_landuses and global_soils are already included in the project database These are for use with the global landuse and soil maps available from the WaterBase website on its data page http www waterbase org download_data html If you use these maps then you can use these lookup tables and the existing tables usersoil crop and urban in the reference database are appropriate The global maps are in latlong projection and will need clipping and reprojecting to your project s projection as described for global DEMs in Appendix II In the case of a landuse map the table should have the string anduse in its name Then it will be offered as an option for a landuse table It must have the same structure as the table global_landuses in QSWATProj2012 mdb So it must contain at least the columns LANDUSE_ID type Long Integer and SWAT_CODE type Text The LANDUSE_ID corresponds to the values in the landuse grid It is possible that more than one of the LANDUSE_IDs maps to the same SWAT_CODE where your data makes more distinctions than are supported by SWAT The SWAT_CODE strings are 4 letters long and all the ones used in your map must be found in a table crop or a table urban if the SWAT_CODE starts with a U found in the SWAT reference database
70. rmat and CSV files in a zipped folder It is sufficient to select just the SWAT files The zipped folder will include pcp txt rh txt solar txt tmp txt and wind txt These files give details of the weather stations name latitude longitude and elevation Use Write InputTables gt Weather Stations select the Rainfall Data tab make sure the timestep is Daily and Raingages is checked navigate to pcp txt as the Locations Table Then select the Temperature Data tab check Climate Stations and navigate to tmp txt In similar fashion choose rh txt solartxt and wind txt in the Relative Humidity Solar Radiation and Wind Speed tabs Select a WGEN table as described above in the Weather Generator tab and click 54 OK The SWAT Editor assigns weather stations or gages to subbasins according to proximity and writes the necessary tables and files It announces when processing is complete and you click OK 6 3 Preparing landuse and soil look up tables For each landuse or soil map the user has to prepare a table like Robit_landuses or Robit_soils and put it into either C SWAT SWATEditor Databases QSWATProj2012 mdb or the project database Demo mdb in the Demo folder C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov I Demo In the first case it will be copied into every new project database but the user must be careful to keep it and replace it whenever QSWAT is reinstalled In the second case it will only be used on the particular project The project database is c
71. rop down list It can also be installed separately It can be downloaded from the ArcSWAT website http swat tamu edu software swat check SWAT Check evaluates different processes in the landscape The following section describes the purposes of some of the tabs in the SWAT Check program Each tab has also brief note on the subject it is dealing with 1 SWAT Check evaluation can be executed by locating the 7xt nOut folder of a particular simulation Figure 35 Clicking Run SWATCheck button from the SWAT Output form di rects to the T7xt nOut folder in the Default simulation folder the Default simulation always saves results from the most recent SWAT run However different simulations can be ac cessed by clicking the folder button in the right of the Project Location Figure 35 SWAT Check only reads files in the Txt nOut folder Therefore it is important to select the Txt nOut folder of a particular simulation that one is interested in eg C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov1 Demo Scenarios Sim1 TxtInOut The analysis will be executed by clicking the Examine Model Output button Besides executing SWAT Check the Setup window provides a summary of the simulation details and watershed characteris tics Moreover the Setup window provides messages and warnings that need to be addressed to improve the model simulation 44 amp SWAT Error Checker Ve Setup Hydrology Sediment Nitrogen Cycle Phosphorus Cycle Pla
72. rs for a number of weather stations each represented by one line in the table An example weather generator table WGEN_user is supplied with SWAT Editor in the reference database QSWATRef2012 mdb C SWAT SWATEditor Databases You can make your own such table add it to the SWAT reference database with a name starting with the string WGEN Use Write InputTables gt Weather Stations select the Weather Generator Data tab and then find WGEN_user in the pull down Locations Table menu It will then appear in this menu The SWAT Editor will then allocate to each subbasin the nearest weather generation station from the selected table There is a weather generation table covering the world available from the SWAT website http swat tamu edu media 99082 cfsr_world zip Install as explained in the pdf file included in the zip archive and you will see WGEN_CFSR_World as an option for the Locations Table 7 Using global data from the SWAT web site The SWAT web site offers global weather data http globalweather tamu edu In the website you can provide the appropriate Lat and Long values for the bounding box of the study area If your search with your bounding box provides you no or very limited station data you might try a larger search area You can acquire climate data that ranges from 1 1 1979 to 7 31 2014 It is good to start at midnight 12 00AM and also select all five kinds of data You can receive the climate data both in SWAT files fo
73. s e To reduce the amount of time that delineation takes e To improve the accuracy of delineation The first reason is much less true now than it was some years ago because of the improved speed of computers Unless your DEM is very large and detailed it will typically take a few minutes at most to delineate and as you don t often repeat the process and QSWAT tries to reduce the amount of recalculation when it is repeated as well as supporting multi core processing reducing the area more than the rough clipping described in this document is not likely to be worth doing See section for more information about large DEMs Masking is also dangerous If after delineation you find that part of your watershed boundary is on the edge of your DEM then it is quite possible that you have excluded some of the watershed and it will be a good idea to reclip the DEM more generously and run again So the general advice on masking your DEM is don t do it The second reason is much more compelling DEMs are far from perfect representations of the real terrain and delineation can easily include in the watershed areas which are known to be outside it In this case if you have a reliable map of the actual watershed boundary you can use it to clip the DEM precisely So we assume you have a good map of the watershed boundary which we assume is a shapefile with a single shape in it We further assume it is in the projection of your final DEM if it is in 3 I
74. s a rectangle on the map canvas so you can see it is where you expect it to be Check Load into canvas when finished and click OK You may get a warning about going outside the raster which you can ignore if this is what you expected Don t close the Clipper form so that you can keep the no data value and extent Right click on the original unclipped grid in the Layers panel select Remove and confirm You will be left with the clipped portion Load each of the other grids and clip in the same way Remember to change the output file name each time or you will overwrite a previous clip Close the Clipper form when you have clipped all your grids and checked that the pieces abut to form a rectangle as expected 2 The value should not matter as long as it is less than any occurring in the actual data but if it is different from the existing no data value it can cause problems with the existing value being accepted as an actual data value 57 Input file raster srtm_16_08 z Select Output file imaps dem srem_16_08_clip_ll tif Select N No data value 32768 Clipping mode Extent Mask layer Select the extent by drag on canvas or change the extent coordinates x 100 3 1 Y 20 9 Load into canvas when finished gdal_translate a_nodata 32768 projwin 100 3 20 9 99 3 19 6 of GTiff C Users Chirs George QSWAT docs maps dem srtm_16_08 tiF C Users Chirs George QSWAT docs maps dem srtm_16_08_clip_ l tif Fig
75. ters for SWAT simulation when automatic model calibration is done outside the QSWAT environment e g using SWAT CUP 41 Click Exit to close the SWAT Editor 5 4 Output Visualization with QSWAT Once SWAT has been run and the output imported so that there is an output database SWATOutput mdb in the Scenarios Default TablesOut directory of the project then a button Visualise becomes available in the main QSWAT form Visualisation allows outputs from SWAT to be visualised graphically by subbasin reach or HRU QSWAT _ S ea heal Select Project New Project Existing Project Main Steps Done Delineate Watershed Done Create HRUs vaen sen Select report to view Step 4 C QSWAT_Projects Robit Demov 1 Demo Figure 28 Main QSWAT form showing Visualization button 32 5 4 1 Preparing to visualise In order to visualise results you have first of course to successfully run SWAT Then you have to save your results in the output database To do this in the SWAT Editor use SWAT Simulation gt Read SWAT Output to bring up the SWAT Output form Then check the boxes for the outputs you want to save in the database QSWAT can display results from output rch output sub output hru output sed and output wql which only has data if the Print Water Quality Output was checked in the SWAT Editor Run SWAT form Then click the Import Files to Database button to create or update the database It is a good idea to use the Save Sim
76. tershed outlet Files previously generated by TauDEM will meet all these conditions and their values may be safely reused 4 Changes to these files are only made to the copies of the originals in the Source folder of the project 70 There is also an assumption made about the stream reach shapefile Each stream reach is a single line represented as a sequence of points The first point in the sequence may represent the upstream source end and the last represent the downstream outlet end or vice versa TauDEM creates stream reaches with the first point at the outlet end but either orientation is accepted by QSWAT The assumption is that the orientation is the same for all the reaches The orientation is checked by finding a reach with an upstream or downstream reach where the ends of the reaches are within one dem cell of each other normally such ends will exactly coincide The optional fields are if necessary calculated as follows Field Calculation Area The area of the subbasin in square metres Subbasin For subbasins which are not empty and not upstream of an inlet a unique number from the contiguous sequence n where n is the number of such subbasins These will be the subbasin numbers for use by SWAT For subbasins which are empty or upstream of an inlet 0 Length The total length in metres of the straight line segments forming the reach Drop The absolute difference in metres between the elevations of the
77. the details you will see Fatal protocol error check version between Mpiexec exe Msmpi dll and Smpd exe The way to fix this is to remove or make inaccessible the copy of msmpi dll that is stored with the TauDEM executables in order to enable them to run without MS MPI Go to the directory CA SWAT S WATEditor Taudem5Bin and rename msmpi dll to say msmpidll which is better than removal as you can restore it later if necessary 9 1 Installing MS MPI Note that you need to be an administrator to install MS MPI e Download the MS MPI installer from http msdn microsoft com en us library bb524831 28v vs 85 29 aspx and install it e Restart the machine otherwise it will not be able to find the executable mpiexec exe 712 e Ona 32 bit machine there can be a problem installing and running the 2012 version of MS MPI If MSMPISetup will not run you need the 2008 version see below If the installer runs after restarting your machine you should check all is OK by opening a command window and running the command mpiexec help If there is an error saying that mpiexec is not a valid 32 bit command then download and install the 2008 version of MS MPI from http www microsoft com en gb download details aspx id 14737 9 2 Configuring QSWAT to use MPI On the QSWAT main screen there is a QSWAT parameters button Clicking this enables users to set the locations of the SWAT Editor by default C SWAT SWATEditor and of mpiexec exe by default C
78. tic visualisation There are three possibilities shown by the tabs for Static data Animation and Plot For static data a single summary value is calculated for each subbasin reach or HRU and displayed as a map For animation there is an animated display of the value in each subbasin reach or HRU at each time step in the animation Plot supports the creation and display of plots of selected variables This section deals with static data animation and plotting are described in the following sections Make sure the Static data tab is selected Static results are created by generating a shapefile and by default this will be called 33 lt table gt results shp e g subresults shp and stored in the TablesOut directory of the current scenario You can leave this default or change the file name and location as you wish You may notice files called hrus shp rivs shp and subs shp in this directory Do not choose any of these as your file name they are copies of the actual HRUs stream reaches and watershed shapefiles generated by QSWAT copied into this folder and used as a basis for the results shapefile and for animation This is done because these shapefiles may be changed by subsequent runs of QSWAT and not have the same HRUs stream reaches or subbasins as this run had You should also avoid naming your results shapefile as animate in the TablesOut directory this filename is used for animation and such a results shapefile is likely to be overwr
79. ulation button to save the simulation having provided a suitable name Then if you change anything and run SWAT again the results from the run will still be available Even if you don t get as far as running SWAT in changes to the project saving the previous simulation also saves copies of the watershed streams and actual HRUs shapefiles which are needed for visualisation and which may be changed if you rerun watershed delineation or HRU creation Click Cancel to exit from the SWAT Output form and Exit from the SWAT Editor 5 4 2 Running visualise Click Visualise on the main QSWAT form to bring up the Visualise Results form Figure 29 Here the Choose scenario pull down menu shows the simulations or scenarios that are available the current Default one and in this example another called Sim1 that has been saved Select the one that you wish to display Then use the Choose SWAT output table to see what tables are available you will see all or some of hru rch sed sub and wql the list depends on the output files you imported into the SWATOutput database Select one of these 5 4 3 Visualisation period The start and finish dates shown are initially the start and finish dates of output from the Default scenario You may choose dates within these if you wish to shorten the period being visualised If other scenarios are selected the dates will be changed if necessary to ensure there is data available for the whole period 5 4 4 Sta
80. ure 1 Clipper form 7 4 Merging the grids You should have all the clipped grids loaded Use Raster gt Miscellaneous Merge to open the Merge form Figure 2 Click the Select button next to Input files and in the next form navigate to the map folder Hold Ctrl and click on each of the files ending in _clip_Il tif Click Open You will be back in the Merge form Click Select by Output file which should return you to the map folder else navigate to it choose a suitable name perhaps ending in dem_ll to remind you what it is and click Save Back in the Merge form check No data value and enter the value you used earlier e g 32768 for 90m 32767 for 30m If necessary check Load into canvas when finished and click OK Check the next two messages don t tell you of errors and click OK to close each of them 58 Check your merged DEM is OK by removing the visibility of the other layers If all is well you can Close the Merge form Choose input directory instead of files Input files misrtm_17_09_clip_Il tif Select Output file simaps demsj_der_Il tif Select X Mo data value 32768 Layer stack Use intersected extent Grab pseudocolor table from the first image b Creation Options Load into canvas when Finished gdal_merge bat n 32768 a_nodata 32768 of GTiff o C Users Chirs George QSWAT docs maps dem sj_dem_Il tif Ci Users Chirs George QSWAT docs maps dem srtm_16_08_clip_Il tiF C Users Chirs
81. usersoil STATSGO SSURGO STATSGO2 59 table Robit_soils_ Generate FullHRUs shapefile Read choice Read from maps O Read from previous run Set bands for slope Single Multiple HRUs CL a ee Cl Dominan Sos Set area threshold Slope bands Filter by landuse soil slope 0 Area ha 9999 LT Filter by area Target number of HRUs Threshold method Percent of subbasin __sevatinbands area ts Figure 14 Reading the land use soil and slope maps 22 After reading the grids you will notice a number of changes to the QSWAT display Figure 15 A Slope bands map has been created and added This allows you to see where the areas 19 of the two slope bands selected for this project are located If no intermediate slope limits are chosen this map is not created The legends for the landuse map robelandusenew and the soil map mowr_soil90 include the landuse and soil categories from the SWAT database A shapefile FullHRUs has been created and added This allows users to see where in each subbasin the potential Hydrological Response Units HRUs are physically located If for example we zoom in on subbasin 2 in the Legend panel select left button FullHRUs open its attribute table right button set the mouse to Select Feature s QGIS toolbar and click on the box around the number 2 then we get a view like Figure 16 We see that this potential HRU is composed
82. ystem requirements listed above for the SWAT Editor to work properly Failure to have the above system configuration may result in failure to install the SWAT Editor or errors in the SWAT Editor interface Users can join the user group for any help at https groups google com forum forum qswat je gt Computer Windows7_OS C Swat SWATEditor gt File Edit View Tools Help Organize v Include in library lt Share with v Burn New folder P Favorites Name Date modified Type Size gE Desktop d Databases 4 6 2015 3 24 PM File folder I Downloads J SwatCheck 12 13 2014 7 19PM_ File folder E Recent Places Ji SWATEditorHelp 12 13 2014 7 19 PM File folder Sx Yihun tor H Jl SWATGraph 4 4 2015 9 50 AM File folder ZZ Dropbox Ji TauDEMSBin 4 4 20159 50AM_ File folder 3 AcroPDF dil 6 20 2014 12 04 PM Application extens 652 KB 2 Libraries W ArcSWAT_License rtf 6 20 2014 12 04 PM_ Rich Text Format 43 KB B Documents Adnterop AcroPDFLib dll 6 20 2014 12 04 PM Application extens 9 KB a Music EARTHICO 6 20 2014 12 04PM Icon 2KB E Pictures Install bmp 6 20 2014 12 03 PM Bitmap Image 103 KB B Videos Interop AcroPDFLib dll 6 20 2014 12 04 PM_ Application extens 10 KB amp Interop Scripting dll 6 20 2014 12 04 PM Application extens 32 KB N Computer ES runswat bat 6 20 2014 12 04 PM Windows Batch File 1KB S Windows7_OS C m SWAT_32debug exe 6 20 2014 12 04 PM Application 14 346 KB Sg Comm

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