Project: Reprise of Locker Access System (Final Report)
Contents
1. Project Reprise of Locker Access System Final Report Group May 14 12 Mohammed Al Kaabi Sherry Elsa Gungat Nurul Izni Hazimi Abdul Aziz Shichao Su Client Iowa State University ECPE Advisor Harker Leland Edward Table of Contents 1 Problem Overview 1 1 Problem Statement 3 2 System Overview 2 1 System Requirement 4 2 2 System Block Diagram 5 2 3 Concept Sketch 6 2 4 Operating Environment 6 3 Design 3 1 Input and Output Specification 7 3 2 Hardware Specification 9 3 3 Software Specification 14 3 4 Circuit Schematic 16 3 5 Cost 18 4 Standard 19 5 Testing 19 Appendix I 22 Appendix Il 24 May14 12 Page 2 1 Problem Overview 1 1 Problem Statement We are doing this project in order to solve problem regarding storage and lockers assignment in senior design lab in Coover 1301 Currently the lockers are secured with sta2. eck for signal and then turns it off again If a signal is received it should turn on all of the devices and work according to the signal The locker module should also detect low battery voltage and send a signal to the control module to inform it that it is running out of power source May14 12 Page 15 3 4 Circuit Schematic Control Module RW BRING aaa acea SSE BEE ere rn smi DAG LE use S t0uF Figure 8 Control Module Circuit Schematic May14 12 Page 16 Locker Module Figure 9 Locker Module Circuit Schematic May14 12 Page 17 3 5 Cost Parts and Materials Unit price Quantity Total Atmega328 5 50 2 11 00 Xbee series 1 22 95 2 45 90 Keypad COM08653 13 95 1 13 95 LCD Screen ADM2004D FL YBS 17 62 1 17 62 SD card 9 95 1 9 95 Magnetic card reader 44 95 1 44 95 Servo 900 00014 10 95 1 10 95 Lock 10 1 10 00 Voltage Regulator 5V 0 95 1 0 95 Voltage Regulator 3 3V 1 95 1 1 95 Npn Transistor 0 50 1 0 50 Resistors 0 25 14 3 50 Capacitors 0 45 4 1 80 16 MHz Crystal 0 95 2 1 90 MAX232CPE 1 85 1 1 85 Total 176 77 May14 12 Page 18 4 Standard Xbee The standard for the Xbee that we are using is IEEE 802 15 4 This standard focuses on a low cos
3. he keypad that we use is COM 08653 12 button keypad The pins of the keypad are connected to a single analog pin of the microcontroller by using voltage resistor method When one of the buttons is pressed a specific analog voltage is measured at the microcontroller which corresponds to the button pressed Figure 5 12 Button Keypad Magnetic Stripe Reader An AP MSR200 is a simple magnetic stripe reader which outputs the card number in the form of serial data The card reader is connected to the microcontroller via female DB9 female connector The connector cannot be connected directly to the microcontroller because of the large voltage differential between the microcontroller and the connector This causes issue in communicating with the microcontroller A logical 0 or low is OV and a 1 or high is 5V for the microcontroller Meanwhile the connector sends 3V to 25V as low and 3V to 25V for high Therefore a level shifting chip is needed May14 12 Page 11 Figure 6 Magnetic Card Reader Level Shifter We use a MAX232CPE in order to turn the serial output to TTL Transistor Transistor Logic Once it s in TTL form we can read it at the ATMEGA328 serial input SD Card There is one SD card attached to the card terminal which accepts an SD card with a pre formatted comma separated value file on it This CSV file will be read by the ATMEGA328 The card reader will store the information for locker access Admin
4. ication that the batteries need to be replaced We set the lowest voltage to be 3 0V and the LED should light up when the battery reaches this level 3 3 Software Specification Control Module All of the initialization needed for connections and devices will be done in the void setup function At first we need to initialize the input and output ports of the Atmega328 In our code void loop stands for the void main with a while 1 statement in it Basically all of the code should be in the void loop function Input from the keypad is taken as a form of 0 5 volts which translates into 10 Bit resolution via a voltage divider A function char keypressed int input should take the input from the voltage divider and return the key pressed in a form of character int sendData int lockerNumber is going to be the function responsible of sending data to the locker modules It should take an address as input and return a conformation as a form of integer ex 1 done 2 low battery and 0 connection failed May14 12 Page 14 Locker Module In the locker module the code is much smaller and simpler It receives a message through Xbee and opens the locker The module should return a confirmation that the locker is opened While idle it should put the system in sleep mode to save batteries Sleep mode turns off the devises connected to the terminal using a transistor It should turn on the Xbee for a second at least each 5 seconds to ch
5. ifthey are situated far from each other May14 12 Page 6 3 Design 3 1 Input and Output Specification Input 1 Control Module A Keypad Users will be prompted to enter their student ID number B Card Reader Users will be able to swipe their card C Xbee Receives data wirelessly from the locker module 2 Locker Module A Low Voltage Detection circuit that monitors the voltage level of the battery B Xbee Receives data wirelessly from the control module Output 1 Control Module A LCD Screen outputs data in a user friendly form B Xbee Transmits data to the locker modules 2 Locker Module A LED it will light when the locker has low battery B Servo Unlocks the locker if it receives the signal to do it C Xbee Transmits data to the control modules May14 12 Page 7 Input Output A Xbee Receives and transmits signals both ways Communication between control module and locker module B SD Card This will be input and output in the Control module Names ID number and locker number will be stored here May14 12 Page 8 3 2 Hardware Specification Control Module Microcontroller Both locker and control modules will be using ATmega328 microprocessor All code for our microcontrollers is written in the Arduino Processing C Programmer Compiler The ATMEGA328 is a 28 pins microcontroller that will be able to be removed and reprogram later by using Arduino Uno This is an important feature since
6. isplays the result of adding the new user to the system 1 is for admin and 0 is for student 3 If the new user is student specify which locker the student will have access to If the locker number is less than 10 type 0 before the locker number For example type 06 to assign locker number 6 If admin choose option other than 1 and 2 the system will display a message saying Wrong Option and admin will be asked to choose a new option again Alternative for admin Admin will also be able to take the SD card out from the Control Module in order to add new user and new locker There are two files saved in the SD card which are user and locker I Add new user 1 Plug the SD card into a computer 2 Choose file user 3 Add a new line for each new user in this format ID Admin lockerNumber e g 976431456 1 01 1 is for admin and 0 is for student May14 12 Page 22 II Addnewlocker 1 Plug the SD card into a computer 2 Choose file locker 3 Save the new locker added in this format lockerNumber SH SL e g 01 0x0013A200 0x403DEEAE SH and SL are the addresses of the Xbee connected to the lockers May14 12 Page 23 Appendix II Lesson learned and challenges encountered Throughout this project we are able to learn about many new things and gain new experiences After few months doing this project we discovered that this project is more intense than we expected Most of the co
7. most of the locker module will need to be programmed with their identifiers before they can be installed Below are the specifications of the microcontroller TN ITALY ei il EEE E A n Lome ne rx wije ae axem ARDUINO un t orem bo ma 6 2 E Aveaae gt je POWER CR 255 Figure 3 Arduino Uno With Atmega 328 Processor Operating Voltage 5V Digital I O Pins 14 Analog Input Pins 6 DC Current per 1 0 Pin 40mA Clock Speed 16MHz Power Consumption 0 21 W at 5V May14 12 Page 9 Wireless Communication For wireless communication we are using Xbee 1mW Trace Antenna Series 1 802 15 4 This module takes the 802 15 4 stack and allows very reliable and simple communication between microcontrollers This module can be programmed easily by X CTU We set all transmission is done in serial format at 9600 baud no parity bit and no stop bit and set all the Xbees in the same IP address We also use the same Xbee as the receiver and transmitter in the locker modules The specifications for the Xbee is shown below FCC ID OUR XBEE IC ID 4214A XBEE Fswww maxstream net Figure 4 Xbee Series 1 Indoor range up to 100 ft 30m Outdoor Range up to 300ft 100m Transmit power 1mW Supply Voltage 2 8 3 4V Transmit Current 45mA at 3 3V Receive idle current 50mA at 3 3V Power Consumption 0 15W at 3 3V for Transmit 0 17W at 3 3V for Receive May14 12 Page 10 Keypad T
8. mponent and tools that we use are very new to us Therefore it requires time to learn about the details of the components and tools before started using them for the project This includes Arduino Xbee and PCB layout We learned about the circuit design and the coding for one of the widely used microcontrollers which is Arduino As for the Xbee we learned to use it for wireless communication between two terminals We also learned how to get rid of debounce in analog input or buttons We believe that this knowledge will be useful for our future reference as an engineer Besides from this project we also know how the process of designing works which includes understanding the problem gathering information implementation and testing For most of the team members this project is the largest project that we have done during our undergraduate study We spent a lot of time to work on this project Therefore this project also teaches us about time management We realized that it is very important to have a schedule timeline for the project in order to help us to keep track on the project Most importantly we get a chance to apply the theory that we learned in class We realized that there is a gap between theory and application that can only be closed with experience in both fields May14 12 Page 24
9. ndard combination padlocks The disadvantage of using this type of lock is that the previous users may still know the combination number Besides some students might forget the combination number for their team s locker Other than that the padlock is not intuitive or not easy to use especially for first time users Furthermore administrators are not able to assign and update lockers easily and efficiently In order to solve these problems we are creating a control system that allows locker access to authorized users by using their ISU card The locker access system has to be easy to use while maintaining a basic amount of security We are designing one user panel that communicates wirelessly with locker modules The entire system will be comprised of two basic elements a control box and the locker module Besides this control system also allows administrators to access list updates and locker overrides With this control system it will be easier and safer for students to store their project and access their lockers May14 12 Page 3 2 System Overview 2 1 SystemRequirement The system will the read magnetic strip on the student ID card and unlock the corresponding door Besides it also allows manual entry on the keypad on the control box It must allow administrative functionality including access list updates and locker overrides The user panel must have a display that shows the status of the system It will give di
10. o each other Then we increased the distance of communication to 20m From this two testing we verified the Xbee can communicate efficiently for both near and far distance Testing the whole system In order to test the whole system we use one control module and three locker module We sent signal to each locker module from the control module When we send signal to locker 1 the servo will unlock the locker This indicates that the control module are able to differentiate each locker module and communicate with the correct locker May14 12 Page 20 Appendix I Operation Manual There are two different user manual for the two intended users which are students and administrators Students 1 Swipe ISU card on the card reader or type student ID number on the keypad 2 Locker associated with the student will be unlocked Admins 1 Swipe ISU card on the card reader or type ID number on the keypad A message Welcome Admin will appear 2 Admin will be prompted to choose one of the two options A Open specific locker 1 Choose a locker to be opened If the locker number is less than 10 type 0 before the locker number For example type 06 in order to open locker number 6 B Add new User 1 Type in new users ID number A message of confirmation will appear May14 12 Page 21 2 A new message will appear to the admin ADMIN 1 YES 0 NO A message of confirmation will appear which d
11. rection to user whenever they use this system The user panel will communicate wirelessly with the locker modules The wireless communication must be in two ways communication so that the user panel can send and receive data to locker module in order to open the door Similarly locker module can send information to the user panel regarding the status of the battery in each locker module The wireless data transmission needs to have the ability to transmit data from the longest distance or at least cover the big range of the dimension of the room The battery must last at least one semester and the locker module needs to give warning when the battery is at 50 or lower The SD card must be able to read and store database of names and locker numbers so that it can be updated easily by using computers May14 12 Page 4 2 2 System Block Diagram LOW VOLTAGE DETECTION CONTROL MODULE LOCKER MODULE Figure 1 Block Diagram May14 12 Page 5 2 3 Concept Sketch Locker status Figure 2 Concept Sketch 2 4 Operating Environment The control box and the locker module will be located inside the senior design room in Coover 1301 The temperature inside this room is approximately 69 to 74 degrees Fahrenheit The dimension of the room is 44 x 28 It has a lot of things inside such as tables desktop chairs and so on These can be the obstacle for the communication between the control box and locker module
12. t wireless communication of nearby devices It is suitable for our project because the two Xbees one in Control module and another one in Locker module will be communicating in a close distance 5 Testing Process and Result In order to test the design we tested it by part Once we are done with one part and confirm that it is working properly and reliably we proceed with another part Then after testing component by component we tested the whole system Keypad We tested the keypad by connecting it to analog pin 5 of the microprocessor LCD screen will display the button that is being pressed and the analog voltage corresponding to the button We pressed one button at a time and we verified that the LCD screen shows the correct button It demonstrates that the keypad works SD Card We tested the SD card by storing our information student ID number into it by using computer and then connected the SD card to the May14 12 Page 19 microprocessor The microprocessor is also connected to the keypad and LCD screen After we typed in our student ID number on the keypad the LCD screen displays student ID matched It shows that the SD Card is able to communicate with the microprocessor Wireless Communication We use Xbee for wireless communication We tested it by connecting one Xbee to the locker module and another one to the control module Firsty we tested the communication with the two Xbee are placed close t
13. will be able to pull the SD card out from the card module to do any information update by using computer LCD Screen ADM2004D FL YBS The screen will show the status of the system We use a 20x4 screen which will be connected to the terminal and 5V power source May14 12 Page 12 Locker Module The Lock The locking mechanism was supplied by the client It is a metal lock that will be unlocked and locked by the servo Power Source The power source for the locker module is batteries We will be using four 1 5 V AA batteries Servo 900 00014 This servo is smaller and lighter than the standard servo It acts as the electromechanical device to open the lock mechanism The microcontroller in the locker module will send signal to the servo and then the servo will operate the door to open and close completely Servo consumes quite a lot of power even in idle state Therefore we connect it to a transistor that will switch it on and off in order to reduce the power consumption It requires 4 8 to 6 V to operate It can operate load with 1 2kg at 4 8 V and 1 4kg at 6V Figure 7 Servo May14 12 Page 13 Low Voltage Detection Circuit This circuit is a voltage divider circuit that will monitor the voltage level in the batteries for locker module The values of resistors used are both 10k ohm The microcontroller will read the voltage from analog pin When the locker has low battery LED will light up as an ind
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