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D7.3 N4C Specification and Implementation of Integration Platform

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1. void csma_dev_enable const Ptr lt NetDevice gt d const std string msg csma dev enable d NS LOG INFO msg void csma dev disable const Ptr NetDevice d d gt SetAttribute SendEnable BooleanValue false d gt SetAttribute ReceiveEnable BooleanValue false void csma_dev_disable const Ptr lt NetDevice gt d const std string msg csma dev disable d NS LOG INFO msg int main int argc char argv LogComponentEnable CTest LOG_LEVEL_INFO GlobalValue Bind SimulatorImplementationType StringValue ns3 RealtimeSimulatorImp1 GlobalValue Bind ChecksumEnabled BooleanValue true uint32 t n KMAX 3 2 std string iprefix i uint32 t ioffset 1 std string tbm UseBridge n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 39 of 82 double rt 600 0 double ti 10 0 CommandLine cmd std ostringstream ossn ossmsg uint32 t k for k 0 k KMAX k ossn str ossn nodes k ossmsg str ossmsg lt lt number gt 0 of nodes on channel lt lt k lt lt lt lt n k lt lt TJ cmd AddValue ossn str ossmsg str n k cmd AddValue iprefix interface name prefix iprefix iprefix ossmsg str ossmsg lt lt first interface number gt 0 lt lt ioffset lt lt cmd AddValue ioff
2. ENGINE InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSI CREATE TABLE uid int 8 gid int 8 enum int 8 PRIMARY KEY USING BTREE members unsigned NOT NULL unsigned NOT NULL uid gid default 0 unsigned NOT NULL auto increment enum ET utf8 ROW FORMAT FIXED ENGINE InnoDB AUTO INCREMENT 1 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 quit creds uid ON ROW FORMAT DYNAMIC creds uid Execute the DTN daemon and the HTML gateway cd n4c DIN2 N4C daemon On the first time dtnd c dtn dtn_router_mule_gateway conf init db After the first time dtnd c dtn dtn router mule gateway conf n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 73 of 82 cd sudo u www data n4c DIN2 N4C apps dtnN4Cmiddle dtnN4Crecv S dtn hostname dtn HTMLgateway Router Create folder structure mkdir dtn cd dtn mkdir bundles mkdir db mkdir list mkdir log cd dtn cp n4c DTN2 N4C daemon dtn conf Configure DTN daemon gedit dtn dtn conf Replace the file content with the following log dtnd info dtnd parsing configuration console set addr 127 0 0 1 console set port 5050 set shorthostname lindex split info hostname 0 console set prompt Sshorthostname dtn storage set type berkeleydb n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 74 of 82 storage set server_port 62345 st
3. for j IMAX j nodepos j ts amp spacepoint jl for k 0 k KMAX k if n k lt 0 continue chan k chanhlp Create phy SetChannel chan k nodes k Create n k devices k wifi Install phy mac 0 0 nodes k pos k CreateObject ListPositionAllocator istart k i NS_LOG_INFO channel lt lt k lt lt initial node locations for kn 0 kn n k amp amp i IMAX kn i pos k gt Add nodepos i 01 NS LOG INFO lt lt iprefix lt lt i ioffset lt lt at lt lt nodepos i 0 ossn str ossn lt lt iprefix lt lt i ioffset tapBridge SetAttribute DeviceName StringValue ossn str tapBridge Install nodes k Get kn mobility SetPositionAllocator pos k mobility Install nodes k kn istart k devices k Get kn n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 47 of 82 kninc 1 for ts 1 ts lt TSMAX ts 2 nodepos kn ts nodepos kn 1 ts j kn istart k if n k gt 2 kninc kninc kn kninc NS LOG INFO channel lt lt k lt lt lt lt n k lt lt nodes interfaces lt lt iprefix lt lt istart k ioffset lt lt to lt lt iprefix lt lt i l ioffset for ts 0 ts lt TSMAX ts for k 0 k lt KMAX k if n k lt 0 continue ossmsg str ossmsg lt lt channel lt lt k
4. initial distance m between nodes dist cmd AddValue distance ossmsg str dist ossmsg str mi Ter ossmsg time interval s between movements ti cmd AddValue interval ossmsg str ti cmd Parse argc argv WifiHelper wifi WifiHelper Default wifi SetRemoteStationManager ns3 ConstantRateWifiManager DataMode StringValue wifia 54mbs YansWifiChannelHelper chanhlp YansWifiChannelHelper Default YansWifiPhyHelper phy YansWifiPhyHelper Default NqosWifiMacHelper mac NqosWifiMacHelper Default mac SetType ns3 AdhocWifiMac Ptr YansWifiChannel chan KMAX Ptr YansWifiChannel dummychan chanhlp Create Ptr Channel dch dummychan NodeContainer nodes KMAX NetDeviceContainer devices KMAX MobilityHelper mobility mobility SetMobilityModel ns3 ConstantPositionMobilityModel Ptr ListPositionAllocator pos KMAX TapBridgeHelper tapBridge tapBridge SetAttribute Mode StringValue tbm NS LOG INFO TapBridge mode tbm Run time limit rt seconds n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 46 of 82 Vector3D spacepoint SPMAX uint32 t j kn kninc sp ts uint32_t i 0 for sp l sp lt SPMAX sp spacepoint sp Vector sp dist 0 0 for ts 0 j 0 ts lt TSMAX ts
5. lt lt iprefix lt lt istart ioffset lt lt to lt lt iprefix lt lt i l ioffset uint32 t j for k 0 k KMAX k if n k lt 0 continue for i l i rt ti 14 2 j i 1 2 n k Simulator Schedule Seconds i1 ti amp csma dev disable devices k Get j off n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 41 of 82 Simulator Schedule Seconds i 1 ti amp csma_dev_enable devices k Get j on csma EnablePcapAll ctest true Simulator Stop Seconds rt time_t ct std time amp ct std cerr lt lt SIMULATION START lt lt std ctime amp ct Simulator Run std time amp ct std cerr SIMULATION END lt lt std ctime amp ct Simulator Destroy return 0 The WiFi model consists again of nodes connected to channels in a similar fashion as with the COMA model This corresponds to two ad hoc WiFi networks operating in different channels frequencies Defining disjoint channels does not have a practical application in the examples presented it is shown here for the illustration of simulation possibilities The example defines a simulation of two channels one with three and one with two nodes the num bers may be changed at program invocation Within each channel the nodes are located sequentially in a line separated initially by a common distance from one another At runtime the nodes move in turns A nod
6. 4 Networking for Communications Challenged Communities Architecture Test Beds and Innovative Alliances Contract no 223994 D7 3 N4C Specification and Implementation of Integration Platform md SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME Pedro Nunes Institute Ant nio Cunha Paulo Freitas Postal address Rua Pedro Nunes 3030 199 Coimbra Portugal Tel 351 239700934 Fax 351 239700912 www ipn pt cunha ipn pt freitas ipn pt N4C 15 06 2010 Page 2 of 82 ABSTRACT Max 400 word Starting in May 2008 N4C is a 36 month research project funded by the Seventh Framework Pro gramme www cordis lu fp7 This is a cooperation project between end users in Swedish Lapland and Ko evje region in Slovenian mountain and technological partners RTD performers and companies Under the scope of the project we will design and experiment with an architecture infrastructure and applications in field trials and build two test beds This document is one of the outcomes of the integration and testing purposes that has been made un der WP7 tasks It is a collection of the know how that integration teams obtained from exploring inte grating and testing the developed modules from some of the partners in order to have tests performed by others than the developers anticipating the scenario that will occur when the end users download and try N4C applications The purpose of the document is to provide a document that can be read by anyone willing to configu
7. PDA s Tablets etc A web based application is cross platform requires no installa tions and is widely compatible with the majority of communication devices But some technical ques tions soon came to mind when considering the implications of this type of platform mainly because of the web based nature itself An important characteristic is that we can t get a web based application to execute processes on the host device which is a requirement Also there are at least 2 stand alone applications that were developed that can t be directly integrated in a web based platform Not So In stant Messenger and Hiker s Applications We feel the need to integrate all the services and applica tions available in the project in a single platform and a web based application has constraints that inva lidate this requirement Our second approach was based on the operating system used by pretty much every partner in the project Linux We choose to use Python Programming Language 7 as the developing programming language The reasons are simple it s free it s available for every major operating system and the same source code will run unchanged across all of them This is very important to us since the application has to be executed in Nokia N810 or N900 tablets The Application Programming Interface API of those devices are based on Python and due to the portability and abstraction characteristics of such programming language we can develop the integrat
8. discovery announce tcp0 ip_disc tcp cl_port 4557 interval 10 Configure logging gedit home beta dtn python dtn pymail log conf On line 31 change the first argument to home user log dtn pymail log n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 67 of 82 On line 38 change the first argument to home user log dtn postfix pipe log Configure PyMail gedit home user dtn start pymail sh Add to line 15 usr bin dtnd c home user dtn dtn dtn outstation static conf d o home user log dtnd log 1 info Add to line 22 python home user dtn python dp outstation py amp gedit home user dtn python dp outstation py Change line 115 to mail domain system mail domain Change line 224 to main home user maildir home user log home user dtn python dtn pymail log conf gedit home user dtn start pymail sh Change the last line to python home user dtn python dp outstation py amp gedit home user dtn stop pymail sh n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 68 of 82 Change line 4 to pid ps awk f home user dtn dp out awk cd home user dtn Start PyMail sudo start_pymail sh Stop PyMail sudo stop_pymail sh 6 4 COMPILING AND CONFIGURING WEB CACHING SERVICE Gateway Move the DTN daemon configuration file mv dtn dtn conf dtn dtn router mule gateway conf Edit the confi
9. dresses The host operating system maintains another set of virtual network interfaces of a tap type created by the tunctl command These interfaces also do not need IP addresses In the test setup described their names have been defined as 11 i2 etc Each of them corresponds logically to a virtual machine al though technically they do not have anything common with the virtual machines until specific com mands are executed by the host operating system On the other hand the simulation program run in the simulator creates for a specific runtime virtual network devices as internal data structures which it associates with the host operating system interfaces il i2 etc as so called Tap Bridge objects such that each of the il i2 etc forms a bridge with a cor responding network device in the simulator In the networking subsystem of the host operating system the virtual interfaces vboxnet1 vboxnet2 etc are bridged by the brctl command with the interfaces il 12 etc Thus effectively the interfaces eth0 that the guest operating systems see are bridged to the corresponding network devices in the simulator Finally the task of the simulator is to connect its internal networking devices to an internal communi cation channel This makes the virtual nodes residing on the virtual machines to be connected Only the interfaces eth0 on the virtual nodes need IP addresses the rest of the configuration simulates a layer 2 connec
10. timeout date expiration date enum TABLE int 8 int 8 PRIMARY KEY KEY CONSTRAINT UPDATE ENGINE Inno CREATE TABLE uid client ip address int 8 download dat download pat download siz KEY new fk constraint3 CONSTRAINT n ON DELETE CASCAD ENGINE Inno CREATE TABLE uid int 8 gid int 8 enum int 8 PRIMARY KEY USING BTREE quit varchar 32 varchar 32 varchar 20 new fk constraint new fk constraint CASCADE ENGINE InnoDB AUTO INCRI members NOT NULL unsigned NOT NUL NOT datetime NOT datetime NOT unsigned NOT NULL NOT NULL default NULL sessions default y NUL 17 NULL auto_increment enum Cuid members e h varchar 255 e int 8 unsigned NOT NULL uid Ng ew fk constraint12 FOREIGN KEY uid REFERENCE E ON UPDATE CASCADE members unsigned NOT NUL unsigned NOT NULL varchar 15 datetime NOT NULL Yo FOREIGN KEY tracking unsigned NOT NULL NOT NULL NOT NULL uid REFERENCES 06D5VILOTbM57LL7IBMW38yHkFpblXVa 06D5VILOTbM57LL7IBMW38yHkFpbl1XVa creds uid ON DB AUTO INCREMENT 1 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 ROW FORMAT DYNAMIC
11. 1 gt proc sys net ipv4 ip_forward define two routing tables by adding the following lines to file etc iproute2 rt_tables 1 wlan0 to i1 2 il to wlanO populate the new routing tables ip route add table 1 to default dev il ip route add table 2 to default dev wlan0 define rules that determine when to use the new routes ip rule add iff wlan0 pref 1 table 1 ip rule add iff il pref 2 table 2 n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 31 of 82 The resulting network configuration is shown in Figure 7 virtual machine L engine i i f WiFi ad hoc Y internal bridge o virtual machine engine link g Tap Bridge objects of the simulator network node definitions device 1 in the simulator network simulator Figure 7 Network configuration after bridge setup 4 5 9 NETWORK MODEL Among the various network models already present in the ns 3 source code distribution the most inter esting seem to be WiFi and CSMA The former corresponds to a type of physical link often encoun tered in real DTN testbeds the latter being a simplification of the Ethernet is a good reference for comparisons One of the basic characteristics of a DTN network one would try to model is an ad hoc link which can go up or down at different times There is no simple general way of modelling it as a dynamic attribute n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 32 of 82 at the link level i e not hig
12. 5 dev python pysqlite2 tcl8 5 tc18 5 dev Create a system user and enter it s main folder cd home user Create a folder structure mkdir bundlestoredtn pymail log mkdir maildir mkdir python mkdir log mkdir db mkdir dtn log Install Berkeley Database download Berkeley DB 4 7 25 ZIP version http www oracle com technology software products berkeley db db index html Extract the file enter the extracted folder and perform the following commands cd db 4 7 25 cd build unix dist configure prefix usr local berkeleydb enable compat185 enable cxx enable debug rop enable debug wop enable rpc n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 66 of 82 make sudo make install sudo su echo usr local berkeleydb lib gt gt etc ld so conf echo usr local lib gt gt etc ld so conf exit sudo ldconfig Compiling software cd home DIN user n4c DTN2 N4C applib make pythonapi sudo make pythonapi install Configure DTN Daemon gedit home user dtn dtn dtn outstation static conf Change the following lines accordingly storage set payloaddir home user bundlestore storage set dbdir home user db route set type lt prophet static gt Change route local_eid to the appropriate one and add the following lines prophet set age_period 43200 prophet set kappa 86400000 interface add tcp0 tcp discovery add ip_disc ip port 4301
13. CREATE USER www data localhost IDENTIFIED BY www data CREATE DATABASE members GRANT ALL ON members TO www data localhost CREATE TABLE members creds uid int 8 unsigned NOT NULL auto increment username varchar 20 NOT NULL default anon password md5 varchar 32 NOT NULL default 5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99 COMMENT default password password PRIMARY KEY uid KEY new index uid ENGINE InnoDB AUTO INCREMENT 1 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 ROW FORMAT FIX id o CREATE TABLE members groups gid int 8 unsigned NOT NULL groupname varchar 20 character set utf8 NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY gid ENGINE InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 CREATE TABLE members requests tbl req ID varchar 32 collate utf8 unicode ci NOT NULL uid int 8 unsigned NOT NULL req val varchar 1024 collate utf8 unicode ci NOT NULL req response tinyint 1 NOT NULL req created date NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY req ID KEY new index uid CONSTRAINT new fk constraintl10 FOREIGN KEY uid REFERENCES creds uid ON UPDATE CASCADE ENGINE InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8 unicode ci n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 78 of 82 CREATE sid sad dir uid signature
14. DTN gateway doc file 566861cbee4d build dtngateway 20build 20version 201 00 ASUS EEEPC 901 CHAMELEON NODE These netbooks can act as data mules or as DTN nodes The way these nodes can be configured is de scribed in 3 and in the wiki at the 2009 summer tests section at the present time the wiki is offline so it is impossible to check the correct URL Some configurations to Asus eeePC 901 data mule are available at http basil dsg cs tcd ie code D TN gateway doc file 566861cbee4d build dtnmule9 o20build9620version9 201 00 NOKIA N810 CHAMELEON NODE Nokia tablets will have combined behavior since it will operate as a D TN node and as a mule Its oper ating system in Maemo a linux distribution and will have installed the Hiker s Applications and NORUT AutoDiscovery module for ad hoc communication between hikers In the section 6 it is ex posed further information on how to setup a tablet with all the applications OTHER DATA MULE CHAMELEON NODE Much similar to the devices being used in helicopters during the tests a SBC like device can be used as a data mule For this purpose a configuration like the one presented in section 0 or even the Asus WL 500 option can be used 3 INTEGRATION PROCESS The change that was decided to perform in the integration process leads to a modification in the strate gy that was initially defined As it has been explained in 5 this change implies that when
15. Kronton nanoETXexpress SP e Network Engenius EMP 8603 wireless card e Power Supply o Sunshine Solar FastFIX 20w12v Solar Panel and o Camden 5085329 7AH 12V gel e Enclosure Eutobox IP66 cabinet This node may run Ubuntu Linux 8 04 with the kernel 2 6 24 Ipia for the PROTEUS board or OpenWRT Kamikaze for instance with MikroTik board and its main role it to act as hotspot to vil lage users In what concerns to applications these nodes will primarily provide e mail act as MTA with Postfix Exim and Dovecot and web Apache and Squid services The DTN router will also pro vide DNS rough Buen Configurations for a DTN router running SE 8 04 are available at build 20version 201 01 An interesting approach to another DTN node could also be to use the Asus WL 500G router with OpenWRT firmware MEIS already mentioned it and they could be contacted in order to know if they were succeed or not In a later stage testing teams can think of replicating the power supply since these nodes ideally would have minimum needs of human interaction in what concerns to power STANDARD PC GATEWAY OR PURE LEGACY NODES Standard PCs can serve two purposes in the network act as a gateway or as a pure legacy node Low Power Intel Architecture n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 12 of 82 In order to configure a computer as a gateway a document is available with some configuration at http basil dsg cs tcd ie code
16. TN only nodes and try to imitate the behavior of users who pass from legacy internet to a CCR exchange data with other users in the DTN and return to the legacy internet This process requires however certain type of hardware that has to be bought and IPN and ITTI will combine to see who buys which hard ware and consequently who tests what The information collected from partners is going to be used in the process of getting things to work in hardware pieces To achieve this objective it is required to define first what kind of nodes ate going to exist in laboratory tests what is their role in the network which hardware will they require and which software they need in order to run the modules properly in an attempt to replicate in laboratory the nodes that are going to be deployed but this time with some integration made n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 14 of 82 In the next section will be exposed the information about the modules that will be integrated in the beta version of the common platform that will be for the first time presented for N4C consortium and for the general community Later on this deliverable section 6 will be explained step by step the dependencies and the actions needed to install and execute correctly each of these modules services Following the principles of the Integration Process that is now implemented as final objective we plan to achieve higher modularity and abstraction in a way
17. in LI DTN or even in CCR enclaves and its behavior varies according to the place where the node is operating but in a way that is transparent to users According to its loca tion these types of nodes will use Internet protocols to communicate with other LI or CCR nodes whenever they are in LI or CCR enclaves and will use DTN mechanisms when operating in CCR re gions An example of a chameleon node is the mules that are going to be used to carry information which can be a PDA or a netbook Gateway Node These gateway nodes include nodes operating in the boundaries between LI and CCR regions where DTN protocols are used and nodes in the boundaries between CCR enclaves and the rest of CCR re gions Gateways will require one or more logical pair of interfaces one for LI protocols and the other for DTN protocols Together with the pair of interfaces it is also needed a mechanism to mediate communications between the different zones and different interfaces The gateways nodes are standard computers which do not have to face connection or power supply problems or limitations n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 11 of 82 2 2 TYPE OF HARDWARE In N4C project the hardware varies according to the type of node that is intended to be deployed DIN ROUTER DTN NODES In 2 is proposed a design to a DIN router composed of board SBC network power supply and enclosure modules e SBC o Eurotech Proteus or o Mikrotik RB411 o
18. k csma Install nodes k chan k istart i for kn 0 kn n k kn 1 osn str TN ossn lt lt iprefix lt lt i ioffset n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 36 of 82 tapBridge SetAttribute DeviceName StringValue ossn str tapBridge Install nodes k Get kn devices k Get kn NS LOG INFO channel k rate lt lt chan k gt GetDataRate lt lt delay lt lt chan k gt GetDelay lt lt lt lt n k lt lt nodes interfaces lt lt iprefix lt lt istart ioffset lt lt to lt lt iprefix lt lt i l ioffset for k 0 k lt KMAX k if n k lt 0 continue for i 0 i rt ti i 2 Simulator Schedule Seconds i ti amp csma chan delay chan k MilliSeconds delayl delayl Simulator Schedule Seconds i 1 ti amp csma chan delay chan k MilliSeconds delay2 delay2 csma EnablePcapAll ctest true Simulator Stop Seconds rt time_t ct std time amp ct std cerr lt lt SIMULATION START lt lt std ctime amp ct Simulator Run std time amp ct std cerr lt lt SIMULATION END lt lt std ctime amp ct Simulator Destroy return 0 n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 37 of 82 The second example defines a simulation of the same two channels of three and two nodes this time with nodes being turn
19. maemo linux on Nokia N810 as root http trac itek norut no n4c attachment wiki MaemoFormatting N810_ installation root 2 sh 13 Configuration File for Hiker s Daemon http trac itek norut no n4c attachment wiki MaemoFormatting n4c conf 1 4 ABBREVIATIONS CCR Communications Challenged Region DIN Delay Tolerant Networking LI Legacy Internet LPIA Low Power on Intel Architecture SBC Single Board Computer IP Integration Platform 2 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND MACHINES Typically when setting a DTN this is composed of multiple client machines the DTN nodes that can communicate with a central DTN node named DTN router The DIN router collects the requests made by the DTN nodes and then sends the requests to a portable device the data mule that takes requests to some place where a machine with two network interfaces establishes a bridge between the DTN enclave and the Internet the DTN gateway On the other hand the DIN gateway resolves the pending requests and receives the answers to those requests answers which are carried back to the DTN router which then passes them to the prime nodes This is the typical scenario of exchanging messages between the elements of a DIN network n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 8 of 82 W N mee akal DTN Gateway DTN Mule gt f DTN a Router Node Figure 1 Atypical DTN configuration This scenario depic
20. that allow end users might develop their services and integrate them on the platform 3 1 COMPONENTS INFORMATION The tables below show the modules that are currently integrated in the integration platform The miss ing services and modules developed by the consortium that are not available yet on the platform are going to be integrated in future versions of it Module DTN Stack Responsible Partner s LTU TCD Folly Source Location btt f code n4c eu code DTN2 Compile notes Instructions in Annex II Software Requirements Depen Compiling in linux libraries c dev libdb dev and libxerces c2 dev dencies Platform in which the software is Linux Pure Legacy DTN Only Chameleon and Gateway being developed used Nodes Platform in which the module is Regular PCs with Ubuntu 8 04 Hardy and in Xephyr Nokia going to be tested N900 simulator with Maemo n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 15 of 82 btt f info n4c eu code PROPHET Software Requirements Depen Module 1 D TN or DIN2 dencies Platform in which the module is Regular PCs with Ubuntu 8 04 Hardy and in Xephyr Nokia going to be tested N900 simulator with Maemo n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 16 of 82 Software Requirements Depen Module 1 DTN or DTN2 dencies Planned changes Create a email client embedded into the application itself instead of launching the predefined email client in pop up style Platf
21. the prospective virtual nodes named automatically vboxnetl network vboxnet2 network etc The IP addresses can be changed here from the default as the default is common for all the interfaces and like DHCP server settings if any is not appropriate for the simulations planned Virtual machines one per node should then be created by use of the VirtualBox GUI or the com mand line VBoxManage program A virtual machine should preferably have 512MB RAM a 10GB dy namic disk and two network interfaces Adapter 1 type Host only name vboxnet1 for the first virtual node vboxnet2 for the second etc adapter type any of the emulated NICs the actual test setup uses the one named Intel PRO 1000 T Server 82543GC cable connected this interface shows up as eth0 in the guest operating system and is the one to be connected in the simulated network e Adapter 2 type NAT adapter type same as above no cable connected this one is visible as eth1 and is used to out of band networking mainly to connect from time to time to the Internet to download or update software this is not strictly necessary as file transfer can be made via fold ers shared with the host an operation that does not require network interfaces during normal testing and simulation this interface should be down It is convenient to initially define the virtual disk for the first virtual machine only which can then be cloned I
22. 18 4 2 POSITIONING kids de erit ete e ei et Pie Qu Dente eese ENE RYE ies EEEE E E dio 19 4 3 ARCHITECTURE I NG NABANG NAKARARAAN AANGAT AKA ANG 20 4 4 IMPLEMENTATION biya sis tri eet terno PEOR dous bs ponpe sapen a ya E pa NTG dsid od open IND ao E 21 4 5 CONFIGURATION me EE 23 4 3 1 HARDWARE visne eiere t 23 4 5 2 HOST OPERATING SYSTEM csa nma 9054600 dr ria s ida ideiei eai ai sgia ibi 24 4 5 3 VIRTUAL MACHINE ENGINE tanaka trait ipta et tenen E ALA 24 4 5 4 GUEST OPERATING SYSTEM 5526663309009060 trn aratri TERENA AA 26 4 5 5 DIN SOFTWARE ON THE GUEST orria raaire ea rr ae gh a eo Erstes GRAE 26 4 5 0 NS 3 NN RERO A UR HRUBORIDES E RETE 26 4 3 1 VIRTUAL CONNECTIONS mr 27 4 5 8 CONNECTING REAL HARDWARE 01 0000sireiaresesoatooaossnesnnveasoasoososanosoooootoestoouosonsnoossovssoonansastenossavossooososnson 29 4 5 9 NETWORK MODEL iste a GANA get EI E E eias iere o re rt erede HR DEED Rn eee ex E PG 31 4 6 TESTING vosi H H rm 32 46 SIMPLE CONNECTIVITY kreere aera a ID A EE R AET 32 4 6 2 DIN APPLICATIONS ccia e tei aet tbe Pete oreste ee PAR eR a kosyon ke ERE AS AE I CREER RA ETE 48 3 INTEGRATION PLATFORM anan Kama ostro di id cc dl INTEGRATION OBJECTIVES nA E E A E AEE 49 3 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW a iscsiesstdssticncettdccssnndesebeticesdsvesincevehacesscdbqsauesssbenatanecbasiacsosbestesscduuiasrssssceqesa
23. 50 of 82 over the services by just pushing buttons and setting up preferences with a usable and nicely interface On the other hand thinking about the general community where there are always technicians who want to develop their own services or even to improve the actual components provided by the N4C project the integration platform might be modular and be an abstraction layer such that new modules can be integrated easily The next deliverables will be focused on the fully integration of all the modules and provide the tools for others members and individuals contribute with new applications technically enriching further the project With this in mind this document describes the integration platform that is being developed its main goals and the reasons that lead us to choose the technology that we are us ing to developed the platform The developing process of the integration platform depends on the collaboration of all the partners involved on producing software for the project due to the gray box perspective that we are following Tutorials and other documentation about the architecture and implementation details of the developed solutions are important in order to speed up the understanding of the implementations of the logical structure of the components and of the inputs outputs to get them communicate with the upper layer the common platform and the other modules This deliverable is a step forward towards this objec tive The ma
24. A 4 A HYBRID SIMULATION PLATFORM This section describes a simulation part of the integration platform that can aid in integration testing 4 1 MOTIVATION The integration process involves substantial amount of building and testing the various system and ap plication components on several hardware software systems forming parts of diverse mostly DTN networks In order to achieve as broad and extensive testing as possible it is advantageous to have the systems and networks replicated to many instances on which different testing integration teams can perform independent tests Replication of individual nodes is usually feasible requiring as much as ob taining in some cases actually building hardware equipment and software components followed by appropriate configuration For the common case of nodes hosted on the Linux operating system all that is needed to get a node ready might be just software installation optionally compiling and configu ration performed on a commodity PC Replicating a network or just setting up a similar one to a reference site is more complicated Apart from the necessity of networking hardware there is a need to ensure the network operation shows some characteristics typical of CCRs Communications Challenged Regions like random or scheduled disruptions of links ad hoc connections long and variable delays etc without requiring resources time space manpower comparable to an actual CC
25. EPATH home user n4c dtn prophet storage MSGPATH home aser n4c dtn prophet list LOGPATH home user n4c logs prophet n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 61 of 82 Run prophet using the command prophet 6 2 COMPILING DTN REFERENCE IMPLEMENTATION Create a N4C folder structure home lt user gt n4c n4c root directory home lt user gt n4c apps applications directory home lt user gt n4c dtn dtn platform directory home lt user gt n4c dtn db dtn database directory home lt user gt n4c logs log directory home lt user gt n4c scripts Compiling DTN reference implementation 2 6 0 Ubuntu 8 10 e Add package tcl 8 4 sudo apt get install tc18 4 e Add older gcc and g version 4 1 sudo apt get insta build essential e Add package libdb4 6 libdb4 6 and libdb4 6dev sudo apt get install libdb4 6 libdb4 6 libdb4 6 dev e Add package libxerces c28 sudo apt get install libxercesc28 e Quick fix compiling dtn 2 6 0 release version fails on a fresh install of Ubuntu 8 04 Add include lt sys types h gt in oasys util SafeRange h Compile oasys 1 3 0 configur with cc gcc 4 1 with xerces c make sudo make install Compile dtn 2 6 configur with cc gcc 4 1 n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 62 of 82 make sudo make install Configure DTN Open n4c dtn DTN 2 6 0 deamon dtn conf Set dbdir to hom
26. MARY KEY req ID KEY new index uid CONSTRAINT new fk constraint10 FOREIGN KEY uid REFERENCES creds uid ON UPDATE CASCADE ENGINE InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8 unicode ci CREATE TABLE members sessions sid varchar 32 NOT NULL default O6D5VILOTbM57LL7IBMW38yHkFpb1XVa sid dir varchar 32 NOT NULL default 06D5VILOTbM57LL7IBMW38yHkFpb1XVa uid int 8 unsigned NOT NULL signature varchar 20 NOT NULL timeout date 5 datetime NOT NULL expiration date datetime NOT NULL enum int 8 unsigned NOT NULL auto increment PRIMARY KEY enum KEY new fk constraint uid n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 72 of 82 CONSTRAINT UPDATE CASCADE ENGINE InnoDB AUTO_INCRI CREATE TABLE uid int 8 client ip address download date download path download size CONSTRAINT ON new fk constraint members varchar 255 int 8 KEY new fk constraint3 new fk constraint12 FOREIGN KEY uid tracking unsigned NOT NULL varchar 15 NOT NULL datetime NOT NULL NOT NULL unsigned NOT NULL uid FOREIGN KEY REF EMENT 1 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 uid RE ERENCES FERENCES DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
27. N UBUNTU First we install subversion sudo apt get install subversion In a home folder we create folder structure with name n4c mkdir n4c mkdir n4c dtn mkdir n4c apps mkdir n4c apps dftp mkdir n4c logs mkdir n4c scripts n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 60 of 82 mkdir n4c dtn prophet We move ourself to dtn folder and download latest prophet code cd n4c dtn svn checkout http grasic net prophet We download all the needed qt libs it should request to install all other required packages as well sudo apt get install libqt4 dev sudo apt get install build essential Then edit configure the prophet pro file gedit prophet pro You can set clear 4 flags here Enable disable GUI enable Enable disable PDAGUI disable use this only for N810 Enable disable DIN_INTERFACE disable you will not be running DTN2 beside prophet Enable disable DFTP INTERFACE enable used for transferring files Compile prophet using commands gmake prophet pro make Before starting prophet you need to set up the prophet ini file most important lines to set NODEID 10 usually we use the last xxx number of ip NODENAME lime dtn name of the machine we have our own list of machines and ip numbers at LTU if you are planning to join the test with own machine let me know and I will assigned name and ip for the machine NODEIP 192 168 2 10 NODEBROADCAST DFTPPATH home user n4c apps dftp STORAG
28. N services to not so technical computer users It is recommended that readers also read other documents related with N4C project so that they can be more contextualized with the technology that is being developed as well as the technical objective of each partner 1 3 REFERENCES 1 Davies Elwyn D2 7 N4C System Architecture v0 4 Folly Consulting 2009 2 Farrel Stephen D5 1 N4C Node Design TCD Intel 2009 3 Cunha Ant nio and Barbosa Francisco D7 2 1 Laboratory Testing on Integrated Subsystems Instituto Pedro Nunes 2009 4 Farrel Stephen D4 1 N4C Generic DIN Documentation TCD Intel 2009 5 Cunha Ant nio and Barbosa Francisco D7 2 2 N4C Laboratory Testing on Integrated Subsys tems Instituto Pedro Nunes 2010 6 UML Unified Modeling Language http www uml org 7 Python Python Programming Language http www python org 8 Maemo SDK Maemo SDK for Developers http maemo org development sdks 9 Arne Wilhelm Theodorsen Sigurd Sjursen Karl Johan Grottum WP3 Plan for summer test 2010 Hiker s PDA 10 Norut N4C Wiki for how to setup a tablet with all the applications required http trac itek norut no n4c wiki MaemoFormatting n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 7 of 82 11 Hiker s app install for maemo linux on Nokia N810 as normal user http trac itek norut no n4c attachment wiki MaemoFormatting N810_instalation_normal sh 12 Hiker s app install for
29. Platform Glade is a RAD tool to enable quick and easy development of user interfaces for the GTK toolkit and the GNOME desktop environment It allows an interface to be designed and then exported to XML which can later be dynamically loaded by applications due to the use of GKT Builder GKT ob jects To export the glade user interface to XML we use the gtk builder convert application The syntax is the following gtk builder convert input glade file lt output_xml_file gt n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 58 of 82 This creates the XML file which can be loaded into a Python application making it easy to control all the widgets and features created on the user interface After the XML is been generated the developer can now load it into his application using GKTBuilder GKT objects The following excerpt of code shows this process in a python application builder gtk Builder builder add from file N4CintegrationPlatform xml self window gtk Window gtk WINDOW TOPLEVEL self window builder get object mainWindow Note gtk builder convert expects a lt glade interface gt tag in the XML file and Glade Interface Design er creates the XML with a interface tag So the developer has to change this manually so that gtk builder convert can accept the glade file 6 APPLICATIONS All the tutorials in this section were produced around February and March 2010 so the instructions contained in th
30. R site While it certainly is possible to simulate such network behaviour in a laboratory setting the scope of integration and test work can still be li mited by the number of physical nodes that can be provided and the time required to manipulate them This is a situation where software simulation can prove useful As the objective of the testing is integra tion of actual systems and application software a typical simulation setup with both nodes and the network being modelled within the simulator is of limited use since it is the actual software imple mentations rather than ideas and mechanisms that is of interest at this stage Instead a useful simula n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 19 of 82 tion platform should only model what is more resource consuming to provide the network and maybe the hardware of the nodes while using real instances of what is the core of the software integration effort the actual DTN software 4 2 POSITIONING A simulation platform is proposed which can make use of a DTN network software model and actual software implementations of the nodes It is hybrid in that it can operate on a simulated network and real nodes The reality of the nodes may concern only their software or extend also to the hardware This platform is complementary to the user level integration platform While the latter provides users with a common interface framework and can be seen as positioned on top of the various
31. S creds uid lt uid gid 17 default 0 unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment enum DB DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 ROW FORMAT FIXED EMENT 1 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 79 of 82 Create folder structure sudo mkdir data sudo mkdir data www sudo mkdir data www private sudo mkdir data www router_stage sudo cp R n4c HTMLrequester data www private cd data www private HTMLrequester sudo mkdir router_stage sudo mkdir staging sudo chown R www data www data data www sudo gedit index php On lines 96 and 108 change details php to details php sudo gedit add search php On line 105 change details php to details php sudo gedit details php On line 336 remove Chttp localhost and change router stage to router stage cd n4c DIN2 N4C daemon On the first time dtnd c dtn dtn router mula gateway conf init db After the first time dtnd c dtn dtn router mula gateway conf n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 80 of 82 cd n4c DTN2 N4C apps dtnN4Cmiddle dtnN4Cmiddleware cd sudo n4c DIN2 N4C apps dtnN4Cmiddle dtnN4Crecv p transaction tar gz dtn jmachado laptop dtn HTMLrouter firefox http localhost private HTMLrequester 6 5 CONFIGURING HIKER S APPLICATION The information required to setup the Hiker s Applica
32. Update Public Search You have no previous searches please use the sq Figure 14 HTMLrequester embebed example Like it was already said the HTTP service opens a new tab directly in the HTMLrequester sevice The user can now make new web pages requests close this new tab and open several of them simultaneous ly All the HTML pages are rendered using WebKit Python libraries In the first stage of the development the main concerns that are being considered are the usability of the application in both regular computers and the Nokia tablets The simulator that is being used to test the application is Xephyr and it is available on 8 This emulates a Nokia N900 and runs Maemo OS Note that this is a first draft of the application Both the layout and some features should suffer changes in the weeks to come We experienced some difficulties to port the application to the Nokia tablet simulator because of the visual design of it These difficulties can be caused by the resolution of the Nokia Tablets by different Python versions running by the simulator not be able to handle correctly the porting of the source code Future work will have to consider these implications or else the platform won t look the same when it s executed in both regular computers and the Nokia Tablets However if these difficulties are confirmed on real scenarios a feasible solution might be to create a separate interface design especially dedicated to the N
33. ach to the integration and testing processes is going to be performed When talking about the integration that was initially planned opinions diverged about what to use as an integration plat form and how to use it So using an integration platform like D Bus was deprecated and instead was decided to use IPN and ITTI efforts to take information and modules that each partner is developing n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 6 of 82 and ageregate them into specific hardware like computers netbooks and PDAs which conveys two purposes make developed modules work together in one machine and at the same time modules are tested in a different environment from the one in which they were developed which can be faced as independent tests One last remark one of the possible outcomes of testing and aggregating different modules in the same hardware is a guide that can later be used by general users that are doing their first steps in setting up a DTN which can be a positive contribution to the dissemination and use of this project s final re sult 1 2 INTENDED AUDIENCE AND READING SUGGESTIONS This document is intended for all types of users However at the time of this document s writing there are already several DTN tutorials available in the Internet but the majorities are written for technical developers and persons with high skills on computer related subjects So with this document the N4C consortium desires to extend DT
34. applications being integrated the former is positioned at the bottom below the DTN stack and the operating sys tem of the nodes providing a simulated network plane It should be noticed that the DTN stack itself is functionally an integration platform the complete picture of the integration platform comprises those three components with the specifics of the bottom one the simulation platform being its purpose is integration work rather than everyday operations The relative position of the basic subsys tems discussed is shown in Figure 4 with the integration subsystems highlighted integration testing integration testing operations Figure 4 Scheme of the Integration of Subsystems n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 20 of 82 4 3 ARCHITECTURE The simulation platform in its basic form is a collection of software components running on a single host The components include the host operating system a network simulator running as a user space application on that operating system a virtual machine engine also running in user space and virtual machines running by the virtual machine engine each of the virtual machines runs a guest operating system and on top of it DTN2 network software stack and DTN applications that are subject to test ing and integration The virtual machines create a native environment for the DTN software i e they provide virtualized hardware on which operating systems can be instal
35. being used by the consor tium 2 1 TYPES OF NODES In what concerns to the nodes in the interest of performing tests that get as close as possible of the real life use some of the networks nodes thought for N4C have to be replicated According to 1 and 2 we can find the following types of nodes in N4C n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 10 of 82 Pure Legacy Node These types of nodes are standard nodes used within Legacy Internet LI Despite not being able of using DIN functionalities directly they can operate in CCR enclaves without any modification in its operating system and or protocols although being restricted to existing applications that can operate unchanged in DTN regions like the email application DIN Only Node Nodes expected to be in pure DTN regions which do not need LI connectivity These nodes use the DTN infrastructure and can be deployed as a router node providing store and forward capabilities These nodes can be applied in isolated sensor stations or in places which travelers almost certainly will pass by To get a running DIN node testing team can follow the instructions in http info n4c eu sympa d read n4c tech tcd n4c tcd 007 d4 1 FINAL pdf An example of a DTN only node is a DTN router a node that is designed to be used in summer villages as the core of a local network and that may be powered through a battery or a solar panel Chameleon Node These nodes are able to operate
36. bs named About N4C exposes some information about the N4C project The tab Partners has the official links to the respective partner of the project Finally the main tab Services has the control of all the modules that were already discussed on this deliverable More tabs are dynamically created when a new service is called as exposed on Figure 14 or the external applications are quickly opened up without the user knowing where the applications are located in the system Moreover it is possible to configure the plat form which gives the user the possibility of using other applications other than the predefined ones for example the user can execute Thunderbird instead of Evolution which is the predefined email client for a regular Ubuntu desktop distribution A configuration feature was included and it is explained in detail later on in this section Regarding the services the actual version of the platform enables the usage of the web services availa ble the HTML Requester and the Weather Service as depicted on Figure 14 It also permits to control the DTN process this means the user can stop or run it when he wants to operate on a Legacy Inter net zone or on a DIN zone More effort will be oriented in order to interoperate even more the other modules The following images show the first draft of the application layout n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 53 of 82 THE AIMS OF THE PROJECT T
37. cmd AddValue iprefix interface name prefix iprefix iprefix ossmsg str ossmsg lt lt first interface number gt 0 lt lt ioffset lt lt cmd AddValue ioffset ossmsg str ioffset cmd AddValue mode TapBridge mode ConfigureLocal UseLocal UseBridge tbm thm n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 35 of 82 ossmsg str ossmsg lt lt total simulation run time in seconds gt 0 lt lt rt lt lt Mas cmd AddValue runtime ossmsg str rt ossmsg str ossmsg lt lt time interval s between changes lt lt ti lt lt cmd AddValue interval ossmsg str ti ossmsg str ossmsg lt lt channel delayl ms lt lt delayl lt lt cmd AddValue delayl ossmsg str delayl ossmsg str ossmsg lt lt channel delay2 ms lt lt delay2 lt lt cmd AddValue delay2 ossmsg str delay2 cmd Parse argc argv CsmaHelper csma Ptr CsmaChannel chan KMAX NodeContainer nodes KMAX NetDeviceContainer devices KMAX TapBridgeHelper tapBridge tapBridge SetAttribute Mode StringValue tbm NS LOG INFO TapBridge mode tbm Run time limit rt seconds uint32 t istart kn uint32 t 1 0 for k 07 k lt KMAX k if n k lt 0 continue chan k CreateObject CsmaChannel nodes k Create n k devices
38. ct on the host computer where the user has installed it himself and there is no more than one simultaneous remote client con necting to the host in order to display the guest computers remotely there is no need for such a feature here Such use fits a developer s needs more than an end user s Should it present a problem the open source version or another comparable virtualization platform can be substituted n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 23 of 82 4 5 CONFIGURATION 4 5 1 HARDWARE As already mentioned the hardware required is a standard PC or notebook capable of running a Linux operating system with X Window System A processor with hardware support for vitualization and multiple cores is preferred as well as large RAM A 64 bit processor may be required if more than 4GB of RAM is installed and it can also enable testing of both 32 bit and 64 bit virtual nodes The system needs a few GB of disk space for the Linux distribution Fedora 12 in the case described and 1 2GB for the ns 3 software The VirtualBox needs tens of MB itself but the virtual machine disks one for each machine must be large enough to install an Ubuntu a couple of GB distribution plus DTN sys tems and application software several hundreds of MB In practical terms 5GB would be enough for a single virtual hard disk so a typical present day disk should suffice The precise requirements depend on the number of nodes to be run at the sam
39. doetvars 50 3 3 PLATFORM OVERVIEW Lj nG teeth TABANG 51 5 4 DEVELOPING IN GLADE INTERFACE DESIGNER eee en enne rnnt 57 6 APPLICATIODNDS NO 6 1 HOW TO INSTALL PRoPHET IN UBUNTU eese etretrethetee tre tnetee 0000000000000000 00 0 59 6 2 COMPILING DTN REFERENCE IMPLEMENTATION 11101111 61 6 3 COMPILING AND CONFIGURING DTN MAIL eese enne ennemi enne trennennnnee 62 6 4 COMPILING AND CONFIGURING WEB CACHING SERVICE eerte 68 6 5 CONFIGURING HIKER S APPLICATION corrio iria kept nhat eene aaa 80 TS TAKEHOLDER S actas n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 5 of 82 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 PURPOSE This document s purpose is to gather information from all the partners in N4C project and together with the developed software and the hardware solutions defined along the project replicate subsystems from the project with the final goal to have all modules operating together This way WP7 s partici pants intend to integrate partner s modules and perform at the same time independent tests which will reinforce the real life tests performed and contribute to find any bugs or incorrect behaviors These tests are important because the success of the integration process by developing a common platform largely depends on the modules being able to operate smoothly The current document is intended to be a beginner s guide for N4C applications and at the same time explai
40. e lt user gt n4c dtn dtn 2 6 0 db Set route local eid to dtn nodename dtn Now you can run dtnd for the first time dtnd c dtn conf initdb t Next time use dtnd c dtn conf 6 3 COMPILING AND CONFIGURING DTN MAIL Gateway x Install the following packages sudo apt get install python python dev python2 5 python2 5 dev python pysqlite2 tcl8 5 tc18 5 dev Create a folder structure kdir home dtn kdir home dtn dtn kdir home dtn bundlestore kdir home dtn bundlestore bundles kdir home dtn maildir m m m m m mkdir home dtn python Install postfix sudo apt get install postfix system mail name dtn las ipn n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 63 of 82 Configure postifx sudo gedit etc postfix main cf Add to relay domains the following relay domains dtn las ipn dtn las ipn relay Add the following lines dtnout destination recipient limit 1 Transport maps for DIN transports transports maps regexp etc postfix transport regexp Add to lt mynetworks gt network IP CIDR notation if you are in a sub network sudo gedit etc postfix master cf Add the following DIN mail outgoing interface dtnout unix nn pipe v flags D user hostname argv home hostname dtn python pypop_smtpout py recipient Copy the PyMail software folder gateway version to a selected directory home is used in this exam ple and cha
41. e that takes its turn to move changes its location to that of its neighbour then returns to its orig inal place The location patterns of the nodes for the initial time steps are as shown in the following table The groups of locations 1 3 and 4 5 are independent they belong to different channels In each group the locations are equidistant so their coordinates might be location 1 0 0 0 location 2 d 0 0 location 3 2d 0 0 location 4 0 0 0 location 5 d 0 0 Where d is the distance given to the simulator The table below shows the ID numbers of the mobile nodes which are at specific fixed locations n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 42 of 82 Time step Location 1 Location 2 Location 3 Location 4 Location 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 1 1 2 3 4 5 2 1 2 3 4 5 3 1 2 3 4 5 4 1 2 3 4 5 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 7 1 2 3 4 5 8 1 2 3 4 5 etc The distance separating the locations and the change interval can be specified at program invoca tion If the distance specified is sufficiently large the effect is no connectivity between the nodes except in the time slots when two nodes are collocated This can model connectivity provided in DTN net works by data mules The specific example shown can be thought of as illustrating for the first chan nel a data shuttle carrying packets from location 1 to location 3 and then back to location 1 T
42. e time A single virtual machine needs 256 512MB RAM and ca 5GB disk size Tests have been performed on a notebook with a dual core processor with hardware virtualization support 4GB RAM and 250GB disk running 5 simultaneous virtual machines of 512MB each and 20GB virtual disk dynamic with about 4 5GB ac tually allocated and have shown that this hardware configuration is sufficient for the case although the system begins to swap programs from RAM For more virtual nodes to be tested a larger RAM and or tight tuning of the guest configuration would be needed As far as basic simulation is concerned there is no need for actual networking hardware apart from downloading software or keeping it up to date However for testing Internet DTN gate way functio nality and some advanced network setups a network interface or two including a WiFi one is neces sary The more simultaneous virtual machines are involved the more important it is to equip the hardware platform with as large a display monitor or two as possible There is no special configuring required at the hardware level besides making sure that the pro cessor features multi core hardware virtualization support are enabled in the system BIOS n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 24 of 82 4 5 2 HOST OPERATING SYSTEM A Linux distribution from http fedoraproject org does not require much extra configuration It is ne cessaty to ensure that basic netwo
43. ed off sequentially one after another the sequences are separate for each chan nel alternating in time The change interval can be specified at program invocation The resulting se quence of nodes being on and off which gives the effect of the corresponding links being on and off 1S Time step Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5 0 on on on on on 1 off on on off on 2 on on on on on 3 on off on on off 4 on on on on on 5 on on off off on 6 on on on on on 7 off on on on off 8 on on on on on 9 on off on off on 10 on on on on on 11 on on off on off 12 on on on on on etc The code follows n4ccsmaonoff cc simulator simulates a CSMA network with devices on off usage waf run n4ccsmaonoff other options usage waf run n4ccsmaonoff PrintHelp include lt iostream gt include lt sstream gt include lt string gt include lt ctime gt include ns3 simulator module h include ns3 node module h an example simulation program for ns 3 network n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 38 of 82 include ns3 core module h include ns3 helper module h NS LOG COMPONENT DEFINE CTest using namespace ns3 const uint32 t KMAX 10 void csma dev enable const Ptr NetDevice d d gt SetAttribute SendEnable BooleanValue true d gt SetAttribute ReceiveEnable BooleanValue true
44. edback 07 06 2010 Karl Johan Grgttum Integrated Material related with the Hybrid 13 06 2010 Ant nio Cunha Paulo Freitas Simulation Platform 06 Krzysztof Romanowski Submission to EC 16 06 2010 Dr Maria Ud n Dissemination level Public x Restricted to other programme participants including the Commission Services RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium including the Commission Services CO Confidential only for members of the consortium including the Commission Services n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 4 of 82 CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION li p EE PURPOSE E 5 1 2 INTENDED AUDIENCE AND READING SUGGESTIONS eese eene nennen 6 1 S REPBRENGBS iere iere erit ie re epi RE NANANG OS ES DURAN HUMUS AGANG E r 6 IE 4ABBREVIATION SN namasa H 7 2 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND MACHINES cies nennen rennen tren etns etn en nennen teen rennen 2 1 VY PESSOP NODES M TEE 9 2 2 TYPEOF HARDWARE enirn aaa NAGANA AA 11 3 INTEGRATION PROCESS o smc sitt aNG GANANG TAN TENTEN 3 1 COMPONENTS INFORMATION paan tetto tnt Feed eet oe Ee PET Fete EI Lento tenes ned EHE EH e PE or tbe tania 14 4 A HYBRID SIMULATION PLATFORM 26r NAGANA NINI Fn Rae Eon ek ee Pe yan SN eue PES pa SAR RA 4 1 MOTIVATION aa rotten JAN GAGA ADAN URIAN DIY ILAGAN se v san ao KANAN soon pes dokt k
45. efining additional virtual nodes As noted above with 4GB RAM on the simula tion host at least 5 virtual nodes can be run without problem 8GB an amount that can be easily avail able should make it feasible to run 12 14 nodes simultaneously this makes it possible to run a simula tion of a scenario shown in Figure 8 n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 49 of 82 Internet Figure 8 Representation of Simulation s Scenario Any virtual node can be substituted for by a real world device provided that device has a working DTN stack and applications together with the lower networking stack layers installed with the data link layer being compatible to the corresponding layer of the simulation platform host 5 INTEGRATION PLATFORM 5 1 INTEGRATION OBJECTIVES After the testing phase that IPN was responsible to perform within the scope of WP7 it is time to in tegrate all the software that was developed by the different project partners in a common ground where all the applications and services can coexist in a way that allows the final user to take advantage of all the potential on the N4C project This common ground will permit also that the user can enjoy with all the services deployed without being an expert technician This kind of users will just need to start the platform on their preferred device and on it they will find the deployed modules having the control n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page
46. eliverables The Figure 17 depicts a practical applicability where DTN networks could be successfully implemented improving the quality of life of the people enabling new ways of communication and inter connection On Figure 17 are represented several cities or villages with a DIN infrastructure implemented and another one with connection to the Legacy Internet Those cities are linked between them by roads or rivers and using these routes of travelling the mules which can be cars bus or boats can take the information from one place to another This means pending requests from DTN zones can be ans wered from the Legacy Internet using such mules to carry the data The Figure 17 does not represent specifically any country or city it is just for demonstrating a possible applicability where the DTN technology and the integration platform could be used Indeed countries as Brasil and Africa are good examples of real scenarios where DTN can have a large and positive im pact n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 82 of 82 Figure 17 Practical Case for DTN applications n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1
47. em are relative to the versions used at that time Some problems may already been solved so whoever uses the tutorials should have this in mind when following the instructions The tu torials were produced while installing the project different modules and services in regular desktop computers with the following characteristics Kernel Linux jmachado laptop 2 6 33 020633 generic 020633 SMP Thu Feb 25 10 59 18 UTC 2010 i686 GNU Linux GCC Using built in specs Target i486 linux gnu Configured with src configure v enable languages C Cc fortran objc obj c treelang prefix usr nable shared with system zlib libexecdir usr lib without included gettext n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 59 of 82 enable threads posix enable nls with gxx include dir usr include c 4 2 program suffix 4 2 enable clocale gnu enabl objc gc libstdcxx debug enable nable mpfr enable targets all enable checking release build i486 linux gnu host i486 linux gnu target i486 linux gnu Thread model posix gcc version 4 2 4 Ubuntu 4 2 4 lubuntu4 Apache2 2 2 8 Iubuntu0 14 MySQL mysql client 5 0 5 0 5la 3ubuntu5 5 libmysqlclient15 dev 5 0 5la 3ubuntu5 5 mysql server 5 0 5 0 5la 3ubuntu5 5 Qt libqt4 dev 4 3 4 0ubuntu3 1 libqthreads 12 1 6 8 6ubuntul QMake 1 07a Qt 3 3 8b 6 1 HOW TO INSTALL PRoPHET I
48. ernet and download it into the DTN network answering the pending requests and also for making the link in the opposite direction this means bring the requests from DTN to the LI Basically they are the elements responsi ble for making the bridge between the content available on the Legacy Internet with the contents of the DTN network n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 9 of 82 DTN Topology Hikers RES man C K lt DTN ak Herd grazing leg NE A Se 3 NM va N Nag RE LLE 4 oe L Meteorological LS DIN JA Station Herders Node i ee Mules L Legacy EIN ae Gateway Interne Figure 2 DTN Topology Whatever scenario is going to be used the N4C consortium has suggestions on what type of machines can be used for each node not only because the development has been made in such hardware and therefore software could be optimized and some conflicts detected and solved but also because the choice that has been made was properly reasoned upon several factors What follows are the different types of nodes that can constitute a DTN network with the respective description The definition of each module that are being developed and updated by the consortium and the discussion about possible hardware platforms that might be used and different nodes types are exposed on 5 Then it is discussed the different types of hardware that is
49. ervices Partners n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 54 of 82 The Figure 11 is the main tab in the platform It includes all the services and applications integrated in the platform as well as a configuration feature The user can also connect and disconnect the DTN daemon if he wishes to do so Both HTTP and Meteorological Data buttons will dynamically open a new tab in which a HTML page will be rendered simulating a simple regular internet browser In this version of the platform the Webmail service is not completely integrated in the platform meaning that when the user chooses to use this service the predefined email client will be executed via a system command line command The predefined email client can be configured by the user if he wishes to do so The preferences feature was included to allow the user to configure some parameters concerning the locations of some of the DTN applications and services meaning that the platform can be executed in a system independently of how and where the DTN services where installed The following Figure shows a screenshot of the preferences window N4Ccimple py eax File Help DTN daemon DTN configuration file None G E mail service PyMail W simple Not So Instant Messenger iei simple e Email Client Evolution Thunderbird O other Email client choose path to application None bid Close Figure 12 Preferences Window The prefe
50. guration file gedit dtn dtn router mule gateway conf Replace the file content with the following log dtnd info dtnd parsing configuration console set addr 127 0 0 1 console set port 5050 set shorthostname lindex split info hostname console set prompt shorthostname dtn storage set type berkeleydb 0 n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 69 of 82 storage set server_port 62345 storage set schema etc DS xsd set dbdir foreach dir data dtn storage if file isdirectory Sdir set dbdir dir break if Sdbdir puts stderr Must create data dtn storage storage directory exit 1 storage set payloaddir home user name dtn bundles storage set dbname DTN storage set dbdir home user name dtn db route local eid dtn hostname dtn route set type static route set add nexthop routes true route set open discovered links true interface add tcp0 tcp local port 4556 discovery add tcp0d ip port 9556 discovery announce tcp0 tcp0d tcp interval 10 param set link min retry interval 1 param set link max retry interval 10 FEFE H FE HE H FE HE HE FE EE HE HE H n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 70 of 82 routes HHH HH HH gateway routes via TCD mule define routes log dtnd info dtnd configuration parsing complete emacs setti
51. he Networking for Communications Challenged Communities N4C project which has been funded from 2008 to 2011 under the EC s Seventh Framework Programme will be looking at ways to extend Internet access to remote regions that do not have reliable and affordable network access today Many of these regions are sparsely populated spread over very large areas and with a relatively poor economic base making it unlikely that conventional access technologies can be economically deployed at any time in the near future Combined with the large distances involved this means that the always on paradigm of constant connectivity and essentially synchronous access enjoyed in many urban areas today will not be available to these areas However existing movements of people and transport within these areas provide a wealth of opportuities to carry data admittedly more slowly and without constant connectivity N4C aims to use existing and novel enabling technologies to spread pervasive computing into communications challenged communities by creating an opportunistic networking architecture to exploit these communication opportunities Figure 10 About section of the application a N4Csimple py alce NAC Integration Platform Email n4cGocu n4c About Nac Partners HTTP Webmail Meteorological Data Messenger Hiker s Application DIN a Connect X Preferences Figure 11 Services section of the application S
52. he ex ample code follows n4cwifi cc an example simulation program for ns 3 network simulator simulates a WiFi network usage waf run n4cwifi other options usage waf run n4cwifi PrintHelp include lt iostream gt include lt sstream gt include lt string gt include lt ctime gt include ns3 simulator module h include ns3 node module h include ns3 core module h include ns3 wifi module h include ns3 mobility model h n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 43 of 82 include ns3 helper module h NS LOG COMPONENT DEFINE WTest using namespace ns3 const uint32 t KMAX 10 const uint32 t IMAX 20 const uint32 t SPMAX 20 const uint32 t TSMAX 100 uint32 t ioffset 1 uint32 t istart IMAX std string iprefix i Vector3D nodepos IMAX TSMAX void move_nodes const NodeContainer nc const uint32_t k const uint32_t ts const bool logpositions Vector3D v uint32 t i j if logpositions NS LOG INFO movement ts channel k for i 0 j istart k i nc k GetN i j v nodepos j ts nc k Get 1 gt GetObject lt MobilityModel gt gt SetPosition v if logpositions NS LOG INFO lt lt iprefix lt lt j ioffset lt lt at lt lt tv void move nodes const NodeContainer nc const uint32 t k const uint32 t ts move nodes nc k
53. her than layer 2 In the WiFi case the on off link state changes can be modelled by defining an appropriate mobility model when a distance between node locations becomes sufficiently large the effect is loss of connectivity which quite adequately models the real world link down event In the CSMA case there are two specific attributes of NetDevice objects SendEnable and ReceiveEnable which can be manipulated to get the on off effect There are other network characteristics that can be modelled by using attributes of the existing ns 3 classes e g delay in CSMA models or by constructing models of specific phenomena e g propagation errot models It is possible to develop a custom model for DTN simulations and this possibility may be fol lowed in further work if the project needs exceed the capabilities of the existing models 4 6 TESTING 4 6 1 SIMPLE CONNECTIVITY In order to test the feasibility of using the simulated network to connect virtual and real nodes simple network models have been defined based on the existing CSMA and WiFi classes The following sample code shows main C programs to be run by invoking the waf tool of ns 3 on the Linux command line as in the following examples waf run n4ccsmaonoff interval 5 runtime 3600 waf run n ccsmadelay interval 5 delayl 1 delay2 200 w runtime 3600 waf run n4cwifi interval 30 distance 100 runtime 3600 The arguments following the fir
54. in goal that was identified concerning the usability of all the N4C services and applications was the ability of working with the system as a whole integrated in a unique platform where the final user can access all the features without the knowledge of how the system works or necessary configurations With an integration platform users are able to get not only a functional DTN but also the capability of using N4C s developed applications However we think that the project can benefit a lot if it has as an alternative to each module s front end an interface that enables users to access services in a more ho mogenous way preferentially one that frees users from having to use a specific hardware operating sys tem or even the necessity to install specific software in their laptops 5 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW The decision making process of what technology to use to implement the integration platform took in consideration all the software modules that must be integrated all the different technologies and pro gramming languages that were used in developing them the devices that can be used in the DTN Net work refer to section 2 interoperability and speed of development Our first approach was to use a web based application The main upside of this approach is the fact that nowadays virtually every device used to communicate has the ability to connect to a data network n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 51 of 82 regular computers
55. ion platform under a regular computer and then port it to the Nokia Tablets which also run a distribution of Linux Maemo which assures us that we can maintain compatibility with few or no changes at all Therefore developing an integration applica tion in Python allows us to fulfill our main goal which is to integrate every application and service de veloped within the project s scope Also using Python it is possible to develop web applications increas ing then the possibility of performing new interfaces returning back to the first approach and giving to new contributors more space to their creativity 5 3 PLATFORM OVERVIEW The following drawing shows a diagram of the architecture of the integration platform There are three major blocks in the second layer that represent the different technologies that were used to develop the project modules and services Using Python it is possible to interoperate all the applications deployed until now and which ate already available All these are integrated in the application in a way that is transparent to the final user n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 52 of 82 Integration Platform Python Based Web Based Qt __ si Hiker s 3 PyMail Again HTMLRequester Weather Service PRoPHET ky CS NAS AAA Figure 9 Blocks Diagram relating each module of the Integration Platform The interface of the integration platform is composed by 3 main tabs One of the ta
56. led and configured according to the DTN software requirements with minimal impact of the specifics of the underlying host The network connecting those virtualized nodes is simulated by the network simulator with only minimum engagement of the host operating system s network stack The latter provides only basic connectivity between each indi vidual virtual machine and the simulator not between the virtual machines This might be illustrated as an analogy to a switch or router connecting workstations the simulator plays the role of the switch or router while the host operating system provides the patchcords cables only between the workstations and the switch router Using the network simulator rather than the networking capabilities of the host operating system which could include e g bridging and routing between the virtual machines gives more flexibility in configuring the simulated network and its operation The host operating system s networking stack can be used to set up and tear down connections and if a sufficiently advanced system is involved shape the network traffic e g with Linux advanced routing subsystem with some effort these func tions could be scheduled on a time scale On the other hand network simulators make it possible in addition to the above functionality to model communication channel properties e g delays transmis sion rates error and packet loss distributions mobility patterns of wireless stati
57. lt lt nodes moved Simulator Schedule Seconds ti ts amp move_nodes nodes k ts true phy EnablePcapAll wtest true Simulator Stop Seconds rt time_t ct std time ct std cerr lt lt SIMULATION START lt lt std ctime amp ct n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 48 of 82 Simulator Run std time amp ct std cerr lt lt SIMULATION END lt lt std ctime amp ct Simulator Destroy return 0 Tests have been performed on the example configurations with virtual nodes hosted in virtual ma chines as well as real world ones external computing devices connected to the simulation host com puter via an ad hoc WiFi network The results show the proposed platform is capable of modelling various connectivity patterns in a manner transparent to IP packets 4 6 2 DTN APPLICATIONS As the default DTN configuration uses a TCP or UDP convergence mechanism to the simulation plat form the traffic generated looks just as any IP traffic Test have been performed on the simple configu rations described above both the mostly connected as in the CSMA examples and the mostly discon nected ones as in the WiFi case Tests of simple applications including dtnping dtnsend and dtnrecv show the platform can model DTN network connectivity For further integration testing larger models have to be built It is straightforward to enlarge the DTN network modelled by d
58. m capable of running a suitable network simulator while the guest OS choice is clearly determined by the DTN2 implementation In particular the host OS variant is Fedora currently version 12 64 bit is used to be upgraded to the current 13 this choice has been dictated by it being reportedly a primary development platform used for the network simulator chosen to be described in a sequel The guest OS variants are Ubuntu currently version 9 10 32 bit to be upgraded to the current 10 4 as this is the variant pre dominantly used in the project This choice limits the node types that can be virtualized to those based n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 22 of 82 on Linux and Intel x86 or x86_64 architecture The virtualization engine used makes it possible to in stall other operating systems as guests e g Microsoft Windows or Sun Solaris however the very na ture of virtualization as opposed to emulation leaves no possibility for other hardware There are a few substantially different hardware platforms of interest in the N4C project e g ARM used in Nokia N900 smartphones Broadcom or Atheros used in WiFi routers those cannot be modelled by a virtua lized node on the proposed platform however there are other possibilities to integrate them that will be mentioned further in the text The hardware of the host can be any standard PC or notebook pre ferably with a processor with hardware virtualization support and
59. n order to do this the first virtual machine should be started and have all the common soft ware including the operating system and DTN software installed and initially configured After that with the virtual machine down the virtual disk can be cloned and the new disks registered with the remaining virtual machines as described in the Sun VirtualBox User Manual n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 26 of 82 There have been reports of problems caused by some Linux distributions employing UUID numbers instead of disk partition names in their references to disk partitions This type of refe rencing can be changed to plain partition name references by editing the etc fstab and with Ubuntu boot default grub files further details can be found in the boot grub grub cfg file and on the Ubuntu forums In effect all the virtual machines have their individual virtual disks with the same contents What needs to be done then is to change their hostnames and IP addresses from within their guest operating sys tems 4 5 4 GUEST OPERATING SYSTEM The detailed configuration of the guest should be done as on a real Intel x86 node The only specifics are the network interfaces as described above in the section on the virtual machine engine eth0 should be assigned address that is appropriate from the point of view of the DTN setup to be tested eth1 should be normally down brought up only when necessary with the address to be ac
60. n the why and the how of the integration process It will be demonstrated that the objective of integration of the modules has many advantages not only for user s usability but for achieving a higher modularity components interconnection and creating a higher abstraction of all N4C modules The details about the specification of the work done so far and the technical knowledge needed to in stall start running and using it will be reported Also some examples and scenarios regarding the usage of the integration platform will be presented in order to demonstrate what functionalities are already implemented Concerning the technical level for those who wants to setup the system or wants to set modifications at code level or configuration level all the dependencies that need to be satisfied in or der to run correctly the integration platform are described as well the respective locations for down load People who wish to set a DIN and some of N4C applications performed by consortium can find in this document which is public every bit of information needed like where can users download the required data from what applications modules do they need and how can they configure and use appli cations preferently deploying DTN modules as services and using both application s frontend and the developed integration platform According to what has been established in the consortium meeting at Dublin in September of 2009 a new appro
61. n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 30 of 82 like this does not work e g because of the physical host networking interface not supporting MAC spoofing and in consequence being incapable of sending to the real node a layer 2 frame with the orig inal source address which could have been expected from a bridge In those situations a similar con nection can be build by using a pseudo bridge instead The pseudo bridge changes layer 2 information and only layer 3 packets are passed intact The two key techniques it uses are proxy ARP to communicate with the adjacent links without the need to spoof source MAC of the frames it sends and routing to actually deliver the packets from one side of the bridge to the other Rule based routing together with the simple bridge configuration consisting of on ly two nodes per bridge make it possible to forward the packets without considering the layer 3 infor mation and without assigning IP addresses to the interfaces that would not need them in a classical bridge setup The steps required to build such a pseudo bridge are given below assuming the interfaces to be bridged are il created by tunctl as described in a previous section and wlan0 a WiFi interface turn on proxy ARP functionality on the bridged interfaces echo 1 gt proc sys net ipv4 conf il proxy_arp echo 1 gt proc sys net ipv4 conf wlan0 proxy arp turn on packet forwarding so that routing can work echo
62. nge the owner to your system user sudo cp R PyMail_module gateway dtn home sudo chown R user home dtn Configure PyMail gedit home dtn user python dp main py Change domain in line 128 to dtn las ipn Compiling software sudo apt get install python dev python pysqlite2 n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 64 of 82 cd home hostname n4c DTN2 N4C applib make pythonapi sudo make pythonapi_install Configure DTN2 gedit home dtn user dtn dtn conf Change the following lines accordingly storage set dbdir home dtn user db storage set payloaddir home dtn_user bundlestore bundles route set type prophet Change route local eid to the appropriate one and add the following lines prophet set age period 43200 prophet set kappa 86400000 interface add tcp0 tcp discovery add ip disc ip port 4301 discovery announce tcp0 ip disc tcp cl port 4557 interval 10 Configure PyMail gedit home dtn user python dp pfmailin py On line 174 change the domain to the system mail name gedit home dtn user python dp dtn py On line 531 change nomadic domain to the system mail name cd home dtn Start Py Mail sudo start nomadic mail sh n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 65 of 82 Stop PyMail sudo stop_nomadic_mail sh Outstation Install the following packages sudo apt get install python python dev python2 5 python2
63. ngs to use tcl mode by default Local Variables mode tcl End Compile and run PRoPHET qmake prophet pro make prophet just for testing purposes Build the database mysql u www data p password www data Copy the following commands into the mysql terminal CREATE USER www data localhost IDENTIFIED BY CREATE DATABASE members GRANT ALL ON members TO www data localhost CREATE TABLE members creds uid int 8 unsigned NOT NULL auto increment username varchar 20 NOT NULL default anon www data n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 71 of 82 password md5 varchar 32 NOT NULL default 5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99 COMMENT default password password PRIMARY KEY uid KEY new index uid ENGINE InnoDB AUTO INCREMENT 1 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 ROW FORMAT FIXED CREATE TABLE members groups gid int 8 unsigned NOT NULL groupname varchar 20 character set utf8 NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY gid ENGINE InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 CREATE TABLE members requests tbl req ID varchar 32 collate utf8 unicode ci NOT NULL uid int 8 unsigned NOT NULL req val varchar 1024 collate utf8 unicode ci NOT NULL req response tinyint 1 NOT NULL req created date NOT NULL PRI
64. okia Tablets This should not require major development effort since the interface is being developed using Glade and very easily changes can be made without changing the core of the n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 57 of 82 platform Please refer to section 5 4 to know more details The following drawing shows a draft of how the platform will look in the Nokia Tablets Xepny on 2 CO FSE crabs mouse and Keyboard 09 13 N4Csimple py About N4C Services Partners N4C HTTP Webmail Meteorological nis Messenger Hiker s Application DIN ON OFF Figure 15 Screenshot of the platform running in the Nokia Tablet simulator Future development will assure that almost every software can be integrated directly in the application instead of executing some features in a pop up style This will probably be the case for the Not So In stant Messenger application As for HTMLrequester we are using the WebKit library to embed the web page into the application itself like we have shown in the previous chapter of this document With PyMail in this first version of the application we execute Evolution in pop up style but in the future we will develop an embed simple email client to replace the use of Evolution which may not be present on all platforms where the application will work 5 4 DEVELOPING IN GLADE INTERFACE DESIGNER Glade Interface Designer was the software chosen to develop the layout of the Integration
65. ons networking device properties at the physical and link layer etc all with detailed scheduling logging and packet tracing If required new models can be constructed and used in simulations The proposed simulation platform generally does not use models of nodes that participate in simulated networks although this is possible and could complement the setup made of virtual machines e g to generate some specific traffic or model non DTN nodes Virtualization of node hardware gives the possibility of regular operating system installation and an almost native environment on which to install DTN software thus it has been preferred to modelling nodes within the simulator or to employing light virtualization solutions like Linux containers although this option might be interesting if a large number of nodes are to be run simultaneously n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 21 of 82 An example configuration of two virtual nodes connected by a simulated network is shown in Figure 5 ON 5 N El ni rk simulator D D D U Hao el Virtual ine 2 rtual machine engine 4 Camp TT Figure 5 Two virtual nodes connected by a simulated network 4 4 IMPLEMENTATION In accordance with most of the other software work in the project Linux has been selected as the op erating system both for the host and the guests The host OS could have been any other syste
66. orage set schema etc DS xsd set dbdir foreach dir data dtn storage if file isdirectory Sdir set dbdir dir break if Sdbdir puts stderr Must create data dtn storage storage directory exit 1 storage set payloaddir home user name dtn bundles storage set dbname DTN storage set dbdir home user name dtn db route local eid dtn hostname dtn HTMLrouter route set type static route set add nexthop routes true route set open discovered links true interface add tcp0 tcp local port 4556 discovery add tcp0d ip port 9556 discovery announce tcp0 tcp0d tcp interval 10 param set link min retry interval 1 param set link max retry interval 10 log dtnd info dtnd configuration parsing complete n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 75 of 82 emacs settings to use tcl mode by default Local Variables mode tcl End Compile PRoPHET qmake prophet pro make prophet just for testing purposes Configure Squid sudo gedit etc squid squid conf Add on line 3049 visible hostname testmachine sudo etc init d squid restart sudo gedit etc php5 apache2 php ini Add on line 711 extension mysql so sudo etc init d apache2 restart gedit n4c DTN2 N4C apps dtnN4Cmiddle middle_api c Change lines 24 25 e 26 to char bndiDest EID MAX LENGTH 1 dtn gateway h
67. orm in which the module is Regular PCs with Ubuntu 8 04 Hardy and in Xephyr Nokia going to be tested N900 simulator with Maemo Hikers Hunters Herders and Rangers Applications Responsible Partner s NORUT bitp trac itek norut no n4c wiki maemoformatting Hardware Requirements Nokia Tablet Software Requirements Depen Maemo Linux Distribution dencies Platform in which the software is Mules Nokia N810 N900 being developed used Platform in which the module is going to be tested n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 17 of 82 Software Requirements Depen Module 1 DTN or DTN2 pythonlibwebkit for the HTML dencies render in the Nokia simulator Platform in which the software is Regular PCs with Ubuntu 8 04 Hardy and in Xephyr Nokia being developed used N900 simulator with Maemo Platform in which the module is PCs Asus eeePC and or desktops Routers ARM which will going to be tested act as nodes or mules PDA Responsible Partner s MEIS Software Requirements Depen Module 1 DTN or DTN2 pythonlibwebkit for the HTML dencies render in the Nokia simulator Platform in which the software is Regular PCs with Ubuntu 8 04 Hardy and in Xephyr Nokia n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 18 of 82 being developed used N900 simulator with Maemo Platform in which the module is PCs Asus eeePC and or desktops Routers ARM which will going to be tested act as nodes or mules PD
68. ostname dtn HTMLgateway char bndlSrc EID MAX LENGTH 1 dtn router hostname dtn HTMLrouter n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 76 of 82 char bndlRply to EID MAX LENGTH 1 dtn router hos tname dtn HTMLrouter cd n4c HTMLrequester mod auth form 2 05 Export the following environment variables export APACHI E2 INCLUDE usr include apache2 export APRI INCLUDE usr include apr 1 0 configure C Configure mod auth form gedit n4c HTMLrequester mod auth form 2 05 src Makefile am add to the end of the file the output of the command apr 1 config cppflags preceded by CPPFLAGS CPPFLAGS DLINUX 2 D sudo make install libtool finish usr sudo su echo etc apache2 mods avail exit LoadModule auth_f RE ENTRANT D GNU SOURCE D LARGEFILE64 SOURCI Gl ocal lib orm_module usr lib apache2 modules mod_auth_form so gt gt lable auth_form load cd etc apache2 mods enabled Create the following symbolic links sudo sudo in S Ln S5 ab mods avai mods avai ab e auth form load auth_form load e rewrite load rewrite load Build the database mysql password u www data p www data n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 77 of 82 Copy the following commands into the mysql terminal
69. performing the integration previously it is necessary to execute tests and elaborate the documentation of the instal lation steps for each module or service It is only possible to achieve successfully an integration among the various components that are being developed during the N4C project when each of them can be installed and start running without issues This is a basic step and at the same time crucial The Figure 3 depicts the design of the approach for the integration process n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 13 of 82 Integration Process alas ile E J Which results in Services become available at a single place Figure 3 Integration Process Design Referring to section 6 from 3 Subsystem Test Planning and more specifically to the methodol ogy that is going to be used it is required to change the integration perspective from black box to gray box perspective i e the integration teams will need to have some knowledge albeit limited of each module that is going to be integrated In order to perform integration the two responsible entities for the integration IPN and IT TI will re trieve the modules that are being developed by N4C s partners perform independent tests and at the same time will try to gather different modules from different developers into single platforms We think that it might also be a good idea to duplicate certain equipment like chameleon or D
70. quired from DHCP service on the virtual machine engine If virtual disk cloning is planned as much configuration as possible should be done before the cloning 4 5 5 DIN SOFTWARE ON THE GUEST The configuration of the DTN software and any accompanying or prerequisite software should be done as on a real Linux Intel x86 node If virtual disk cloning is planned as much configuration as possible should be done before the cloning 4 5 6 NS 3 The installation and configuration on the host system should proceed according to the current docu mentation of the system The prerequisite software include at least gcc gec c python mercurial n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 27 of 82 and a number of other optional packages Simulation programs are wrotten in C Python is an op tion and run by the waf script a wscript file may need to be updated with new soutce file names 4 5 7 VIRTUAL CONNECTIONS The idea of the network connecting the virtual nodes is as follows Each virtual machine has a virtual Ethernet interface eth0 which is visible to its guest operating system and has been allocated a unique in the simulation address space IP address This Ethernet interface is bridged by the virtual machine engine to a virtual interface on the host computer which the host operating system sees as vboxnetl vboxnet2 etc a dedicated name for each of the virtual machines These interfaces do not need IP ad
71. re a DIN with the applications that are being developed and will be deployed at the end of this project in a very linear and easy to understand way The objective is that the end us ers can use the applications that are being developed by N4C several partners and get in the end a well behavioured system with properly integrated applications deployed as services and that can be reached in certain places of the DTN in a centralized and standard way using for the effect a software application as the platform in which services can be accessed Moreover the integration platform should not offer incompatibilities with the different hardware types that have been used by consortium to develop their applications and also the devices that the end users may use during the scenarios al ready provided on previous deliverables Such issues could compromise the success of the integration platform due to the concept of universality and abstraction not being present Throughout this document will be addressed topics such as the objective of this deliverable the im portance for the N4C project specification of the integration platform future work n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 3 of 82 Due date of deliverable 30 04 2010 Actual submission date 15 06 2010 ka Antonio Cunha Francisco Barbosa Initial Draft based on DOW 31 05 2010 Paulo Freitas First draft circulated to consortium 04 06 2010 Ant nio Cunha Paulo Freitas Fe
72. rences window allows the user to configure the location of 3 services DTN daemon PyMail and Not So Instant Messenger The user just has to choose the folder where these services are installed in his system This feature also allows the user to select between Evolution and Thunderbird email clients or else it allows him to manually configure the system to use another email client by selecting the check box and choosing the executable of the email client he wishes n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 55 of 82 About N4C Services Partners N 4 C lt m E Tannak AB wer A Folly Consulting Ltd Alliances BER EBEE Figure 13 Partners section of the application Partners tab has got a list of all the project partners and allows the user to view their web pages by clicking in the links A new tab is dynamically created with the respective site if this is available in the router If not a new HTTP request is made in the HTML requester service n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 56 of 82 N4Csimple py NAC Integration Platform Email nacQeu n4c N 4 About nac Services Partners HTTP A meteo a 15QwZR1IBOv2v2qzVWMwGTNOTIWNpr4S3Skw9egGC9pdi4AFCNZThrNcF4wi9 uid gt 15 sid1 gt QwZR1lBOv2v2qzVWMwGTNOTIWNpr4S38 sid2 gt kWSegGC9pdi4AFCNZThrNcF4wi9ploE9 Open a new search There are O saved searches http www yourwebsite cor private searches Newest gt Oldest
73. rking works Also the following rpm packages are necessary or useful the required command line program provided is given in parentheses bridge utils brctl tunctl tunctl net tools ifconfig arp route netstat e wireless tools iwconfig ip route ip For testing and trouble shooting the following is useful iputils ping arping nc nc tcpdump tcpdump as well as at least to check whether packets are blocked somewhere iptables iptables arptables arptables ebtables ebtables As a numbet of virtual machines may be involved the critical resource is RAM on the host the system should be configured so that the size of RAM used is kept at minimum 4 5 3 VIRTUAL MACHINE ENGINE This can be downloaded from http www virtualbox org A yum repository is available at http download virtualbox org There is some additional software required n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 25 of 82 e qt SDL e dkms After installing the package additional virtual network interfaces should be defined for the virtual ma chines that are going to be created This can be done via the VirtualBox GUI by selecting Preferences from the File menu a VirtualBox Settings pop up window opens with a list of categories of set tings Selecting Network from the list produces a Host only Netwotks list Initially the list holds only one item vboxnet0 network An item should be added here for each of
74. s by the kernel has to be disabled for bridges by zeroing the relevant entries in ptoc sys net bridge bridge nf call Note that although a bridge is a layer 2 device the FORWARD chain of the IP kernel packet filter accessed by iptables can block packets traversing the bridge n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 29 of 82 virtual machine engine internal bridges of virtual machine engine Tap Bridge objects of the simulator network network device 0 device 1 node definitions in the simulator network simulator Figure 6 Network Configuration 4 5 8 CONNECTING REAL HARDWARE It is possible to connect a real network node to a system of virtual nodes and simulated network This can prove useful in cases where a node of interest has architecture that cannot be modelled by a virtual machine perhaps because of a different hardware system platform e g a Nokia N900 which is build on an ARM platform To integrate such a node in the simulated network a virtual connection has to be made between a tap virtual interface connected to a Tap Bridge object of the simulator and a host network interface that represents a physical interface e g eth0 rather than a virtual machine one e g vboxnetl There are configurations where it is enough to configure a bridge on the host operating system appropriately such cases follow the idea described in the previous section However there are others where bridging
75. set ossmsg str ioffset cmd AddValue mode TapBridge mode ConfigureLocal UseLocal UseBridge tbm tbm ossmsg str ossmsg lt lt total simulation run time in seconds gt 0 lt lt rt lt lt es cmd AddValue runtime ossmsg str rt ossmsg str ossmsg lt lt time interval s between changes lt lt ti lt lt cmd AddValue interval ossmsg str ti cmd Parse argc argv CsmaHelper csma Ptr lt CsmaChannel gt chan KMAX NodeContainer nodes KMAX NetDeviceContainer devices KMAX TapBridgeHelper tapBridge n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 40 of 82 tapBridge SetAttribute Mode StringValue tbm NS LOG INFO TapBridge mode tbm Run time limit rt seconds uint32 t istart kn uint32 t i 0 for k 0 k KMAX k if n k lt 0 continue chan k CreateObject CsmaChannel nodes k Create n k devices k csma Install nodes k chan k istart i for kn 0 kn n k kn 1 ossn str ossn lt lt iprefix lt lt i ioffset tapBridge SetAttribute DeviceName StringValue ossn str tapBridge Install nodes k Get kn devices k Get kn NS LOG INFO channel k rate lt lt chan k gt GetDataRate lt lt delay lt lt chan k gt GetDelay lt lt lt lt n k lt lt nodes interfaces
76. st one run are optional The full list of arguments defined in the main program can be obtained by the following command waf run n4ccsmaonoff PrintHelp It is possible to set a number of other attributes of specific ns 3 objects at program invocation time the above command produces information on command line arguments that can be used to find the relevant information n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 33 of 82 The CSMA model consists of nodes in the simulator space connected to channels There can be more than one channel and the number of nodes connected to each are configurable when starting the simu lation This model corresponds to an Ethernet switch with ports grouped onto disjoint sets with no connectivity between the sets like in port based VLANs The channel delays common for all trans missions and on off times for the individual nodes can be defined at runtime The first example defines a simulation of two channels one with three and one with two nodes the numbers may be changed at program invocation with two delays common to both chan nels alter nating in time The delay and change interval can be specified at program invocation n4ccsmadelay cc an example simulation program for ns 3 network simulator simulates a CSMA network with channel delays usage waf run n4ccsmadelay other options usage waf run n4ccsmadelay PrintHelp include l
77. sufficient size of RAM and disk to allow for many virtual machines Of the various virtualization platforms available Sun VirtualBox has been selected as the primary one version 3 1 8 although other possibilities do exist e g VMWare Player or VMWare Server and have also been used The network simulator selected is ns 3 http www nsnam org veresion 3 dev from its Mercurial re pository which comes with a number of channel and device models including CSMA akin to Ether net WiFi and WiMax with the possibility of writing one s own The simulation setups are being writ ten in C and use components from the simulator library an optional language is Python Finally the DTN2 systems and application software comes from the current N4C tree at http basil dsg cs ted ie All the software code mentioned is available as open source under various free licenses e g GPL Apache with the exception of VirtualBox which is available in two versions closed source binary re leased under the VirtualBox Personal Use and Evaluation License and Open Source Edition released as source code under the GNU General Public License Version 2 The closed source version has some additional features the most interesting being VirtualBox Guest Additions which includes time syn chronization shared folders shared clipboard mouse pointer integration and USB support The per sonal use as defined in the closed source license includes use of the produ
78. t iostream gt include lt sstream gt include lt string gt include lt ctime gt include ns3 simulator module h include ns3 node module h include ns3 core module h include ns3 helper module h NS LOG COMPONENT DEFINE CTest using namespace ns3 const uint32 t KMAX 10 void csma chan delay const Ptr CsmaChannel c const Time t c SetAttribute Delay TimeValue t void csma_chan_delay const Ptr lt CsmaChannel gt c const Time t const std string msg csma_chan_delay c t NS_LOG_INFO msg n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 34 of 82 int main int argc char argv LogComponentEnable CTest LOG_LEVEL_INFO GlobalValue Bind SimulatorImplementationType StringValue ns3 RealtimeSimulatorImp1 GlobalValue Bind ChecksumEnabled BooleanValue true uint32 t n KMAX 3 2 std string iprefix i uint32 t ioffset 1 std string tbm UseBridge double rt 600 0 double ti 10 0 double delayl 1 0 double delay2 100 0 CommandLine cmd std ostringstream ossn ossmsg uint32_t k for k 0 k lt KMAX k OSSA SLE UU ossn nodes k ossmsg str ossmsg lt lt number gt 0 of nodes on channel lt lt k lt lt lt lt n Kk lt lt wj cmd AddValue ossn str ossmsg str n kl
79. ted in the previous figure can have several variations since DTN does not require and it is not a static scenario For instance the system is flexible enough to suppress the DTN gate way since the data mule can suffer some modifications and starting behaving as a chameleon node de tecting whether it is in a DIN zone and consequently it collects requests or exchanges bundles bun dles are to DTNs what packets are to IP networks with other nodes and once it senses that communi cation with Internet is available then it resolves the requests and stores the responses The core of N4C is D TN a network topology that allows computers in such network to communicate between them and with the traditional Internet users and machines independently of the delay that communications may have 3 4 5 Delays in DTNs are significantly bigger than in the Internet which can vary from a few houts to several days as opposed to few milliseconds of nowadays Internet Such delays are however a small price to pay in such areas if it can provide a reliable and best effort service The following picture Figure 2 depicts the topology of a DTN It shows how the individuals interact with the network and how the information flows through its elements All kinds of vehicles and travel ling people are important to serve as mules and thus carry with them the information to the remotest places These individuals are responsible for obtaining information from Legacy Int
80. tion The commands required to build a network of that kind could be the following create tap virtual interfaces and bring them up without IP addresses tunctl t il n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 28 of 82 tunctl t i2 ifconfig il 0 0 0 0 ifconfig i2 0 0 0 0 create bridges on the host and bring them up without IP addresses brctl addbr bl brctl addbr b2 ifconfig bl 0 0 0 0 ifconfig b2 0 0 0 0 connect the tap interfaces to the virtual machine interfaces via the bridges bretl addif bl il brctl addif bl vboxnetl bretl addif b2 i2 brctl addif b2 vboxnet2 create tap bridge objects by running the ns 3 simulator with the following code fragment only shown CsmaHelper csma Ptr CsmaChannel chan TapBridge Helper tbh tbh SetAttribute Mode StringValue UseBridge NodeContainer nodes NetDeviceContainer devs nodes Create 2 devs csma Install nodes chan tbh SetAttribute DeviceName StringValue i1 tbh Install nodes Get 0 devs Get 0 tbh SetAttribute DeviceName StringValue i2 tbh Install nodes Get 1 devs Get 1 The resulting network configuration is shown in Figure 6 For the network frames to actually reach their destinations they must not be impeded by packet filtering mechanisms in the kernel Either the rules manipulated by tools like iptables arptables and ebtables have to accept them to be forwarded or using the rule
81. tion is available in the following references 9 10 11 12 13 The reference 9 reports a complete tutorial step by step of how to install Nokia tablets with the latest Maemo version and with no priori configuration with all the necessary applications On reference 10 it is possible to access to other technical information as installing Hiker s Application on EEE PC The references 11 12 13 are technical configurations and scripts to run on Linux based de vices as the Nokia tablets and the Asus EEEPC to install the required applications automatically 7 STAKEHOLDERS A use case is discussed in this section We want to demonstrate through a diagram and a UML diagram the levels of user interaction with the platform The use case in Figure 16 describes the functionality of the system in a horizontal way It shows a top down perspective of the features that were discussed thought this document and presents an overview of the usage requirements for the integration plat form n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 81 of 82 Figure 16 Use Case diagram representing the interaction of a user with the Integration Platform It is important to understand how the work done by N4C project could have a positive impact on cer tain scenarios and for some target zones This understanding increases the importance of the project and permits to work oriented to specific purposes to solve explicit problems and enriching the final d
82. ts false n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 44 of 82 int main int argc LogComponentEnable WTest GlobalVal char argv ue Bind Simul StringValue ns3 Real atorImp LOG_LEVEL_INFO lementationType ltimeSimulatorImpl GlobalValue Bind ChecksumEnabled BooleanValue true uint32 t n KMAX 3 2 std string tbm UseLocal double rt 600 0 double dist 1 0 double ti 10 0 CommandLine cmd std ostringstream ossn ossmsg uint32 t k for k 0 k lt KMAX k ossn str ossn nodes k ossmsg str ossmsg lt lt number lt lt n k lt lt ns cmd AddValue ossn str cmd AddValue iprefix gt 0 interface name prefix iprefix ossmsg str ossmsg lt lt cmd AddValue ioffset cmd AddValue mode TapBridge mode ConfigureLocal UseLocal UseBridge first interface number ossmsg str of nodes on channel ossmsg str lt lt k lt lt pa n k iprefix gt 0 lt lt ioffset lt lt ioffset nus tbm um n4c ipn 008 D7 3 v1 1 N4C 15 06 2010 Page 45 of 82 tbm ossmsg str ossmsg lt lt total simulation run time in seconds gt 0 lt lt rt lt lt nj cmd AddValue runtime ossmsg str rt ossmsg str vs ossmsg

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