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Focus Bicycle Owner`s Manual

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1. Click position Click position Stroke actually x performed Tech 39 Guide to Shifting Gears Continued Trimming noise minimization Depending on the chain position after completion of shifting the chain may rub against the outer or inner chain guide plate and cause noises In this case press lever a or lever b lightly in order to move the derailleur slightly so that it no longer contacts the chain This adjustment is called trimming Trimming is possible when the chain is located on the large middle or small chain sprocket If noises occur trim to one of the following positions in order to completely eliminate the noises Chain position smaller rear sprockets small chain sprocket Chain Indication Trimming position Lever actuation Derailleur movement Chain touches large chain sprocket outer chain guide plate 7 Trimming ss se al LU derailleur movement sprockets guide plate middle chain sprocket smaller rear gt sprockets p small chain sprocket Chain position im on smaller rear sprockets 40 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual Chain position large chain sprocket e smaller rear sprockets Indication Ch
2. INTENDED For paved roads gravel or dirt roads that are in good condition and bike paths NOT INTENDED For off road or mountain bike use or for any kind of jumping Some of these bikes have suspension features but these features are designed to add comfort not off road capability Some come with relatively wide tires that are well suited to gravel or dirt paths Some come with relatively narrow tires that are best suited to faster riding on pavement If you ride on gravel or dirt paths carry heavier loads or want more tire durability talk to your dealer about wider tires MAXIMUM WEIGHT LIMIT RIDER LUGGAGE TOTAL los kg Ibs kg Ibs kg 300 136 30 14 285 129 for Touring or Trekking 300 136 55 25 355 161 Cross Country Marathon Hardtails CONDITION 3 Bikes designed for riding Conditions 1 and 2 plus rough trails small obstacles and smooth technical areas including areas where momentary loss of tire contact with the ground may occur NOT jumping All mountain bikes without rear suspension are Condition 3 and so are some lightweight rear suspension models INTENDED For cross country riding and racing which ranges from mild to aggressive over intermediate terrain e g hilly with small obstacles like roots rocks loose surfaces and hard pack and depressions Cross country and marathon equipment tires shocks frames drive trains are light weight favoring nimble speed over brute force Suspension tr
3. and to practice the rules of safe and responsible riding and of proper use and maintenance Proper use and maintenance of your bicycle reduces risk of injury This Manual contains many Warnings and Cautions concerning the consequences of failure to maintain or inspect your bicycle and of failure to follow safe cycling practices e The combination of the safety alert symbol and the word WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in serious injury or death e The combination of the safety alert symbol and the word CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided may result in minor or moderate injury or is an alert against unsafe practices e The word CAUTION used without the safety alert symbol indicates a situation which if not avoided could result in serious damage to the bicycle or the voiding of your warranty Many of the Warnings and Cautions say you may lose control and fall Because any fall can result in serious injury or even death we do not always repeat the warning of possible injury or death Because it is impossible to anticipate every situation or condition which can occur while riding this Manual makes no representation about the safe use of the bicycle under all conditions There are risks associated with the use of any bicycle which cannot be predicted or avoided and which are the sole responsibility of the rider 6
4. e Purchase and install battery or generator powered head and tail lights which meet all regulatory requirements and provide adequate visibility e Wear light colored reflective clothing and accessories such as a reflective vest reflective arm and leg bands reflective stripes on your helmet flashing lights attached to your body and or your bicycle any reflective device or light source that moves will help you get the attention of approaching motorists pedestrians and other traffic e Make sure your clothing or anything you may be carrying on the bicycle does not obstruct a reflector or light e Make sure that your bicycle is equipped with correctly positioned and securely mounted reflectors While riding at dawn at dusk or at night e Ride slowly e Avoid dark areas and areas of heavy or fast moving traffic e Avoid road hazards e f possible ride on familiar routes If riding in traffic e Be predictable Ride so that drivers can see you and predict your movements e Be alert Ride defensively and expect the unexpected e If you plan to ride in traffic often ask your dealer about traffic safety classes or a good book on bicycle traffic safety F Extreme stunt or competition riding Whether you call it Aggro Hucking Freeride North Shore Downhill Jumping Stunt Riding Racing or something else if you engage in this sort of extreme aggressive riding you will get hurt and you voluntarily assume a greatly increa
5. have correctly adjusted brakes so that full braking power can be applied within available brake lever travel Brake lever travel insufficient to apply full braking power can result in loss of control which may result in serious injury or death Fit 21 4 Tech It s important to your safety performance and enjoyment to understand how things work on your bicycle We urge you to ask your dealer how to do the things described in this section before you attempt them yourself and that you have your dealer check your work before you ride the bike If you have even the slightest doubt as to whether you understand something in this section of the Manual talk to your dealer See also Appendix A B C and D A Wheels Bicycle wheels are designed to be removable for easier transportation and for repair of a tire puncture In most cases the wheel axles are inserted into slots called dropouts in the fork and frame but some suspension mountain bikes use what is called a through axle wheel mounting system If you have a mountain bike equipped with through axle front or rear wheels make sure that your dealer has given you the manufacturer s instructions and follow those when installing or removing a through axle wheel If you don t know what a through axle is ask your dealer Wheels are secured in one of three ways e A hollow axle with a shaft skewer running through it which has an adjustable tension nut on one end
6. 26 Spring Spring adjustment adjustment screw screw If the brakes do not work correctly of if the brake blocks are worn to the extent that adjustment is no longer possible have the bicycle checked and the brake blocks replaced by a dealer Disc brakes General safety advice This type of brake is fitted with a brake disc mounted on the hub and a brake saddle on the frame or on the fork Have disc brakes adjusted by a dealer Incorrect adjustments can lead to accidents Carry out a braking test after each adjustment by pushing the bicycle strongly whilst pulling the brake lever Only use your bicycle when it can be safely braked Disc brakes require a braking in period For braking in correctly read the manufacturers informations Braking power increases within this time You should therefore be aware during the braking in period that the braking power can increase The same applies after replacement of the brake blocks or the disc If you hear noises when braking the brake blocks may be worn down to the wear limit Allow the brakes to cool down and have the brake block thickness checked or the brake blocks replaced 32 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual Be particularly careful not to touch the brake disc with your finger during instal lation removal or maintenance if the disc is rotating If you insert your fingers in the holes in the brake disc you may suffer serious injury The brake saddle and
7. Ride B Seat post cam action clamp p 28 A Bike Fit p 8 C Brakes p 29 B Safety First p 9 D Shifting gears p 35 C Mechanical Safety Check p 9 E Pedals p 42 D First Ride p 11 F Bicycle Suspension p 43 G Tires and Tubes p 44 2 Safety A The Basics p 11 5 Service B Riding Safety p 12 A Service Intervals p 46 C Off Road Safety p 13 B If your bicycle sustains an impact p 48 D Wet Weather Riding p 14 E Night Riding p 14 Appendix A Intended Use p 49 F Extreme stunt or competition riding p 15 Appendix B Lifespan of your bike and its components p 55 G Changing Components or Adding Accessories p 16 Appendix C Coaster Brakes p 62 Appendix D Bicycle Inspection Plan p 64 3 Fit Appendix E Tightening Torques Tire Pressure A Standover height p 17 ae EME p oe B Saddle position p 18 C Handlebar height and angle p 21 D Control position adjustments p 21 E Brake reach p 21 Bicycle Component Locator i 3 15 4 7 5 6 i 7 8 9 10 11 8 12 13 14 O1 10 Handlebar Handlebar Stem Headset Fork Front Brake Frame Tires Rear Brake Pedal Wheels Chain Rear Derailleur Front Derailleur Bottom Bracket Saddle 4 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual Bicycle Component Locator GENERAL WARNING Like any sport bicycling involves risk of injury and damage By choosing to ride a bicycle you assume the responsibility for that risk so you need to know
8. a lightweight bicycle or components you are making a tradeoff favoring the higher performance that comes with lighter weight over longevity So If you choose lightweight high performance equipment be sure to have it inspected frequently You should have your bicycle and its components checked periodically by your dealer for indicators of stress and or potential failure including cracks deformation corrosion paint peeling dents and any other indicators of potential problems inappropriate use or abuse These are important safety checks and very important to help prevent accidents bodily injury to the rider and shortened product life 2 Perspective Today s high performance bicycles require frequent and careful inspection and service In this Appendix we try to explain some underlying material science basics and how they relate to your bicycle We discuss some of the trade offs made in designing your bicycle and what you can expect from your bicycle and we provide important basic guidelines on how to maintain and inspect it We cannot teach you everything you need to know to properly inspect and service your bicycle and that is why we repeatedly urge you to take your bicycle to your dealer for professional care and attention WARNING Frequent inspection of your bike is important to your safety Follow the Mechanical Safety Check in Section 1 C of this Manual before every ride Periodic more detailed inspection of your bicycl
9. at regular intervals and adjusted if the lever travel is too great or the brakes do not brake correctly Checking the brakes CO Pull the brake lever for the front or rear brake three quarters of the way back whilst pushing the bicycle O The rear wheel should lock or O the front wheel should brake so strongly that the bicycle begins to tip over towards the front Adjusting the brake pad Check if the brake pads are positioned in the center of the rim flank and do not touch the tire when you pull the brake lever If they do not sit correctly have them serviced by a dealer To do it by yourself loosen the nut by a fitting spanner or allen key Replace the pads to a position as shown Retighten the nut to the correct torque see page 45 Check the position again Repeat if nessecary Tech 31 Adjusting the gap between the brake pad and the wheel rim Turn the cable adjustment screw adjusting bush To increase the brake pad gap the adjusting screw is turned towards the inside clockwise To decrease the brake pad gap the adjusting screw is turned towards the outside anticlockwise The gap between the brake block and the wheel rim should be 1 mm Adjusting bush Grip width adjusting screw eee Spring adjustment screw Cable adjustment screw If necessary adjust the spring tension using the spring adjustment screw so that both brake arms move symmetrically Subsequently check that the brakes work correctly see page
10. can be safely braked Check the tubes and connections for leaks each time before riding Leaking tubes and connections can result in brake fluid leaking out of the braking system This can lead to reduced efficiency of the brakes Do not use the brakes further if oil leaks out have the appropriate repairs carried out by a dealer without delay Tech 33 If you continue to ride in this condition there is a large risk of brake failure If the brake blocks have come into contact with oil or grease they must be replaced If the brake disc has come into contact with oil or grease it must be cleaned otherwise braking efficiency may be strongly impaired Steam bubble formation e Steam bubble formation may occur if the brakes are applied constantly Therefore release the brake lever from time to time in order to avoid such a situation e Steam bubbles are formed when the oil heats up to the extent that water in the braking system boils and air bubbles expand Due to this the brake lever travel can suddenly become larger Rs The bicycle is stored or transported upside down air bubbles may form in the brake system Avoid pulling the brake lever as long as the bicycle is placed upside down If the bicycle is used in this condition there is a risk of brake failure which could lead to serious accident After bringing the bicycle back into an upright position the brake lever must be pulled a few times to check that the brakes respond nor
11. chain on the chainring pull the wheel back in the dropouts so that it is straight in the frame and the chain has about 1 4 inches of up and down play 6 With a cam action system move the cam lever upwards and swing it into the CLOSED position fig 8 a amp b The lever should now be parallel to the seat stay or chain stay and curved toward the wheel To apply enough clamping Tech 27 force you should have to wrap your fingers around the fork blade for leverage and the lever should leave a clear imprint in the palm of your hand 7 With a through bolt or bolt on system tighten the fasteners to the torque specifications in Appendix D or the hub manufacturer s instructions NOTE If on a traditional cam action system the lever cannot be pushed all the way to a position parallel to the seat stay or chain stay return the lever to the OPEN position Then turn the tension adjusting nut counterclockwise one quarter turn and try tightening the lever again i WARNING Securely clamping the wheel with a cam action retention device takes considerable force If you can fully close the cam lever without wrapping your fingers around the seat stay or chain stay for leverage the lever does not leave a clear imprint in the palm of your hand and the serrations on the wheel fastener do not emboss the surfaces of the dropouts the tension is insufficient Open the lever turn the tension adjusting nut clockwise a quarter turn then try again
12. clamped The clamping action of a correctly secured wheel must emboss the surfaces of the dropouts 1 Front Wheel Secondary Retention Devices Most bicycles have front forks which utilize a secondary wheel retention device to reduce the risk of the wheel disengaging from the fork if the wheel is incorrectly secured Secondary retention devices are not a substitute for correctly securing your front wheel Secondary retention devices fall into two basic categories a The clip on type is a part which the manufacturer adds to the front wheel hub or front fork b The integral type is molded cast or machined into the outer faces of the front fork dropouts Ask your dealer to explain the particular secondary retention device on your bike WARNING Do not remove or disable the secondary retention device As its name implies it serves as a back up for a critical adjustment If the wheel is not secured correctly the secondary retention device can reduce the risk of the wheel disengaging from the fork Removing or disabling the secondary retention device may also void the warranty Secondary retention devices are not a substitute for correctly securing your wheel Failure to properly secure the wheel can cause the wheel to wobble or disengage which could cause you to loose control and fall resulting in serious injury or death 2 Wheels with cam action systems There are currently two types of over center cam wheel retention mechanism
13. clamped tight enough so you can t twist them WARNING Loose or damaged handlebar grips or extensions can AN cause you to lose control and fall Unplugged handlebars or extensions can cut you and cause serious injury in an otherwise minor accident VERY IMPORTANT SAFETY NOTE Please also read and become thoroughly familiar with the important information on the lifespan of your bicycle and its components in Appendix B on Page 43 10 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual D First Ride When you buckle on your helmet and go for your first familiarization ride on your new bicycle be sure to pick a controlled environment away from cars other cyclists obstacles or other hazards Ride to become familiar with the controls features and performance of your new bike Familiarize yourself with the braking action of the bike See Section 4 C Test the brakes at slow speed putting your weight toward the rear and gently applying the brakes rear brake first Sudden or excessive application of the front brake could pitch you over the handlebars Applying brakes too hard can lock up a wheel which could cause you to lose control and fall Skidding is an example of what can happen when a wheel locks up If your bicycle has toeclips or clipless pedals practice getting in and out of the pedals See paragraph B 4 above and Section 4 E 4 If your bike has suspension familiarize yourself with how the suspension responds to brake application
14. guarantee that the product will last the term of the warranty Product life is often related to the kind of riding you do and to the treatment to which you submit the bicycle The bicycle s warranty is not meant to suggest that the bicycle cannot be broken or will last forever It only means that the bicycle is covered subject to the terms of the warranty Please be sure to read Appendix A Intended Use of your bicycle and Appendix B The lifespan of your bike and its components starting on page 43 5 As required If either brake lever fails the Mechanical Safety Check Section 1 C don t ride the bike Have your dealer check the brakes If the chain won t shift smoothly and quietly from gear to gear the derailleur is out of adjustment See your dealer 6 Every 25 hard off road to 50 on road hours of riding Take your bike to your dealer for a complete checkup B If your bicycle sustains an impact First check yourself for injuries and take care of them as best you can Seek medical help if necessary Next check your bike for damage After any crash take your bike to your dealer for a thorough check Carbon composite components including fames wheels handlebars stems cranksets brakes etc which have sustained an impact must not be ridden until they have been disassembled and thoroughly inspected by a qualified mechanic See also Appendix B Lifespan of your bike and its components WARNING A crash or other i
15. intersection of the handlebars and stem then bouncing your weight on the bike while looking at tire deflection Compare what you see with how it looks when you know the tires are correctly inflated and adjust if necessary O Tires in good shape Spin each wheel slowly and look for cuts in the tread and sidewall Replace damaged tires before riding the bike O Wheels true Spin each wheel and check for brake clearance and side to side wobble If a wheel wobbles side to side even slightly or rubs against or hits the brake pads take the bike to a qualified bike shop to have the wheel trued CAUTION Wheels must be true for rim brakes to work effectively Wheel trueing is a skill which requires special tools and experience Do not attempt to true a wheel unless you have the knowledge experience and tools needed to do the job correctly First Ride 9 O Wheel rims clean and undamaged Make sure the rims are clean and undamaged at the tire bead and if you have rim brakes along the braking surface Check to make sure that any rim wear indicator marking is not visible at any point on the wheel rim WARNING Bicycle wheel rims are subject to wear Ask your dealer about wheel rim wear Some wheel rims have a rim wear indicator which becomes visible as the rim s braking surface wears A visible rim wear indicator on the side of the wheel rim is an indication that the wheel rim has reached its maximum usable life Riding a wheel that is at
16. pads and body armor INTENDED For riding that includes the most difficult terrain that only very skilled riders should attempt Gravity Freeride and Downhill are terms which describe hardcore mountain north shore slopestyle This is extreme riding and the terms describing it are constantly evolving Gravity Freeride and Downhill bikes are 1 heavier and have more suspension travel than All Mountain bikes allowing them to be ridden in more difficult terrain over larger obstacles and larger jumps 2 the longest in suspension travel and use components that fit heavy duty intended use While all that is true there is no guarantee that extreme riding will not break a Freeride bike The terrain and type of riding that Freeride bikes are designed for is inherently dangerous Appropriate equipment such as a Freeride bike does not change this reality In this kind of riding bad judgment bad luck or riding beyond your capabilities can easily result in an accident where you could be seriously injured paralyzed or killed NOT INTENDED To be an excuse to try anything Read Section 2 F p 10 TRADE OFF Freeride bikes are more rugged than All Mountain bikes for riding more difficult terrain Freeride bikes are heavier and harder to ride uphill than All Mountain bikes MAXIMUM WEIGHT LIMIT Seat Bag Only 52 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual Dirt Jump CONDITION 5 Bikes designed for jumping hucking
17. rise Consult your dealer Do not attempt to do this yourself as it requires special knowledge If your bike has a quill stem fig 7 you can ask your dealer to adjust the handlebar height a bit by adjusting stem height A quill stem has an etched or stamped mark on its shaft which designates the stem s Minimum Insertion or Maximum Extension This mark must not be visible above the headset iN WARNING A quill stem s Minimum Insertion Mark must not be visible above the top of the headset If the stem is extended beyond the Minimum Insertion Mark the stem may break or damage the fork s steerer tube which could cause you Fo to lose control and fall pann Aig 20 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual AN WARNING On some bicycles changing the stem or stem height can affect the tension of the front brake cable locking the front brake or creating excess cable slack which can make the front brake inoperable If the front brake pads move in towards the wheel rim or out away from the wheel rim when the stem or stem height is changed the brakes must be correctly adjusted before you ride the bicycle Some bicycles are equipped with an adjustable angle stem If your bicycle has an adjustable angle stem ask your dealer to show you how to adjust if Do not attempt to make the adjustment yourself as changing stem angle may also require adjustments to the bicycle s controls A WARNING Always tighten fastener
18. shots to the bike Low mileage Lower body weight Less aggressive rider Non corrosive environment dry salt free air Clean riding environment a FF a SE 58 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual WARNING Do not ride a bicycle or component with any crack bulge or dent even a small one Riding a cracked frame fork or component could lead to complete failure with risk of serious injury or death B Understanding composites All riders must understand a fundamental reality of composites Composite materials constructed of carbon fibers are strong and light but when crashed or overloaded carbon fibers do not bend they break What Are Composites The term composites refers to the fact that a part or parts are made up of different components or materials You ve heard the term carbon fiber bike This really means composite bike Carbon fiber composites are typically a strong light fiber in a matrix of plastic molded to form a shape Carbon composites are light relative to metals Steel weighs 7 8 grams cm grams per cubic centimeter titanium 4 5 grams cm aluminum 2 75 grams cm Contrast these numbers with carbon fiber composite at 1 45 grams cm The composites with the best strength to weight ratios are made of carbon fiber in a matrix of epoxy plastic The epoxy matrix bonds the carbon fibers together transfers load to other fibers and provides a smooth outer surface The carbon fibers are th
19. smaller sprockets on the gear cluster produce higher gear ratios Pedaling in the higher gears requires greater pedaling effort but takes you a greater distance with each revolution of the pedal cranks The larger sprockets produce lower gear ratios Using them requires less pedaling effort but takes you a shorter distance with each pedal crank revolution Moving the chain from a smaller sprocket of the gear cluster to a larger sprocket results in a downshift Moving the chain from a larger sprocket to a smaller sprocket results in an upshift In order for the derailleur to move the chain from one sprocket to another the rider must be pedaling forward c Shifting the Front Derailleur The front derailleur which is controlled by the left shifter shifts the chain between the larger and smaller chainrings Shifting the chain onto a smaller chainring makes pedaling easier a downshift Shifting to a larger chainring makes pedaling harder an upshift d Which gear should I be in The combination of largest rear and smallest front gears fig 16 is for the steepest hills The smallest rear and j1 largest front combination is for the greatest speed It is not necessary to shift gears in sequence Instead find the starting gear which is right for your level of ability a gear which is hard enough for quick acceleration but easy enough to let you start from a stop r hi without wobbling and experiment with 3
20. the shorten product life profile the more you must question the use of super light components The more you fit the lengthen product life profile the more likely it is that lighter components may be suitable for you Discuss your needs and your profile very honestly with your dealer Take these choices seriously and understand that you are responsible for the changes A useful slogan to discuss with your dealer if you contemplate changing components is Strong Light Cheap pick two Original Equipment components Bicycle and component manufacturers tests the fatigue life of the components that are original equipment on your bike This means that they have met test criteria and have reasonable fatigue life It does not mean that the original components will last forever They won t Appendix B Bicycle Lifespan 61 Appendix C Coaster Brake 1 How the coaster brake works The coaster brake is a sealed mechanism which is a part of the bicycle s rear wheel hub The brake is activated by reversing the rotation of the pedal cranks see fig 5 Start with the pedal cranks in a nearly horizontal position with the front pedal in about the 4 o clock position and apply downward foot pressure on the pedal that is to the rear About 1 8 turn rotation will activate the brake The more downward pressure you apply the more braking force up to the point where the rear wheel stops rotating and begins to skid WARNING Befo
21. you must also make sure that the seat post is far enough into the frame so that you can touch it through the bottom of the interrupted seat tube with the 18 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual tip of your finger without inserting your finger beyond its first knuckle Also see NOTE above and fig 5 WARNING If your seat post is not inserted aires fig 6 in the seat tube as described in B 1 above i the seat post may break which could cause you to lose control and fall 2 Front and back adjustment The saddle can at be adjusted forward or back to help you get the optimal position on the bike Ask your dealer to set the saddle for your optimal riding position and to show you how to make this adjustment If you choose to make your own front and back adjustment make sure that the clamp mechanism is clamping on the straight part of the saddle rails and is not touching the curved part of the rails and that you are using the recommended torque on the clamping fastener s Appendix D or the manufacturer s instructions 3 Saddle angle adjustment Most people prefer a horizontal saddle but some riders like the saddle nose angled up or down just a little Your dealer can adjust saddle angle or teach you how to do it If you choose to make your own saddle angle adjustment and you have a single bolt saddle clamp on your seat post it is critical that you loosen the clamp bolt sufficiently to allow any serrations on the mechanis
22. A CRACKS STARTS IT CAN GROW AND SIMPLE RULE 1 If you find GROW FAST Think about the crack as forming a crack replace the part pathway to failure This means that any crack is potentially dangerous and will only become more dangerous e CORROSSION SPEEDS DAMAGE Cracks grow SIMPLE RULE 2 Clean your more quickly when they are in a corrosive environ bike lubricate your bike ment Think about the corrosive solution as further protect your bike from salt weakening and extending the crack remove any salt as soon as you can Appendix B Bicycle Lifespan 57 e STAINS AND DISCOLORATION CAN OCCUR NEAR SIMPLE RULE 3 Inspect and A CRACK Such staining may be a warning sign that investigate any staining to see a crack exists if it is associated with a crack e SIGNIFICANT SCRATCHES GOUGES DENTS SIMPLE RULE 4 Do not OR SCORING CREATE STARTING POINTS FOR scratch gouge or score any CRACKS Think about the cut surface as a focal point surface If you do pay fre for stress in fact engineers call such areas stress quent attention to this area or risers areas where the stress is increased Perhaps replace the part you have seen glass cut Recall how the glass was scored and then broke on the scored line e SOME CRACKS particularly larger ones MAY MAKE SIMPLE RULE 5 Investi CREAKING NOISE AS YOU RIDE Think about such gate and find the source of a noise as a serious warning signal Note that a any noise It may
23. FOCUS Bicycle Owner s Manual IMPORTANT This manual contains important safety performance and service information Read it before you take the first ride on your new bicycle and keep it for reference Additional safety performance and service information for specific components such as suspension or pedals on your bicycle or for accessories such as helmets or lights that you purchase may also be available Make sure that your dealer has given you all the manufacturers literature that was included with your bicycle or accessories In case of a conflict between the instructions in this manual and information provided by a component manufacturer always follow the component manufacturer s instructions If you have any questions or do not understand something take responsibility for your safety and consult with your dealer or the bicycle s manufacturer NOTE This manual is not intended as a comprehensive use service repair or maintenance manual Please see your dealer for all service repairs or maintenance Your dealer may also be able to refer you to classes clinics or books on bicycle use service repair or maintenance Focus Bicycle Owner s Manual FOCUS We J SCT Contents Bicycle Component Locator 4 4 Tech Wheels p 22 GENERAL WARNING 6 1 Secondary retention devices p 24 Special Note for Parents T 2 Wheels with cam action systems p 24 3 Removing and installing wheels p 24 1 First
24. Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual A Special Note for Parents As a parent or guardian you are responsible for the activities and safety of your minor child and that includes making sure that the bicycle is properly fitted to the child that it is in good repair and safe operating condition that you and your child have learned and understand the safe operation of the bicycle and that you and your child have learned understand and obey not only the applicable local motor vehicle bicycle and traffic laws but also the common sense rules of safe and responsible bicycling As a parent you should read this manual as well as review its warnings and the bicycle s functions and operating procedures with your child before letting your child ride the bicycle A WARNING Make sure that your child always wears an approved AN bicycle helmet when riding but also make sure that your child understands that a bicycle helmet is for bicycling only and must be removed when not riding A helmet must not be worn while playing in play areas on playground equipment while climbing trees or at any time while not riding a bicycle Failure to follow this warning could result in serious injury or death General Warning 7 1 First Ride NOTE We strongly urge you to read this Manual in its entirety before your first ride At the very least read and make sure that you understand each point in this section and refer to the cited sections on any issu
25. G Failure to wear a helmet when riding may result in serious injury or death Safety 11 2 Always do the Mechanical Safety Check Section 1 C before you get on a bike 3 Be thoroughly familiar with the controls of your bicycle brakes Section 4 C 7 pedals Section 4 E shifting Section 4 D Be careful to keep body parts and other objects away from the sharp teeth of chainrings the moving chain the turning pedals and cranks and the spinning wheels of your bicycle Always wear e Shoes that will stay on your feet and will grip the pedals Make sure that shoe laces cannot get into moving parts and never ride barefoot or in sandals e Bright visible clothing that is not so loose that it can be tangled in the bicycle or snagged by objects at the side of the road or trail e Protective eyewear to protect against airborne dirt dust and bugs tinted when the sun is bright clear when it s not Don t jump with your bike Jumping a bike particularly a BMX or mountain bike can be fun but it can put huge and unpredictable stress on the bicycle and its components Riders who insist on jumping their bikes risk serious damage to their bicycles as well as to themselves Before you attempt to jump do stunt riding or race with your bike read and understand Section 2 F Ride at a speed appropriate for conditions Higher speed means higher risk B Riding Safety i 2 Obey all Rules of the Road and a
26. S Copyright 2009 Derby Cycle Werke GmbH Reprinting also of extracts only with the permission of Derby Cycle Werke GmbH Printing errors mistakes and technical changes reserved 70 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual
27. Se beyond the maximum bo Ai i hi pressure marked on the tire s sidewall Exceeding the recommended maximum pressure may blow the tire off R D ee the rim which could cause BOTA ETOH damage to the bike and injury i to the rider and bystanders The best and safest way to inflate a bicycle tire to the correct pressure _ _ is with a bicycle pump which has a built in pressure gauge fig 17 WARNING There is a safety risk in using gas station air hoses or other air compressors They are not made for bicycle tires They move a large volume of air very rapidly and will raise the pressure in your tire very rapidly which could cause the tube to explode Tire pressure is given either as maximum pressure or as a pressure range How a tire performs under different terrain or weather conditions depends largely on tire pressure Inflating the tire to near its maximum recommended pressure gives the lowest rolling resistance but also produces the harshest ride High pressures work best on smooth dry pavement Very low pressures at the bottom of the recommended pressure range give the best performance on smooth slick terrain such as hard packed clay and on deep loose surfaces such as deep dry sand Tire pressure that is too low for your weight and the riding conditions can cause a puncture of the tube by allowing the tire to deform sufficiently to pinch the inner tube between the rim and the riding surf
28. See also the first WARNING in this Section p 18 8 If you disengaged the brake quick release mechanism in 3 c 2 above re engage it to restore correct brake pad to rim clearance 9 Spin the wheel to make sure that it is centered in the frame and clears the brake pads then squeeze the brake lever and make sure that the brakes are operating correctly B Seat Post Cam Action Clam Some bikes are equipped with a cam action seat post binder The seat post cam action binder works exactly like the traditional wheel cam action fastener Section 4 A 2 While a cam action binder looks like a long bolt with a lever on one end and a nut on the other the binder uses an over center cam action to firmly clamp the seat post see fig 8a WARNING Riding with an improperly tightened seat post can allow the saddle to turn or move and cause you to lose control and fall Therefore 1 Ask your dealer to help you make sure you know how to correctly clamp your seat post 2 Understand and apply the correct technique for clamping your seat post 3 Before you ride the bike first check that the seat post is securely clamped Adjusting the seat post cam action mechanism The action of the cam squeezes the seat collar around the seat post to hold the seat post securely in place The amount of clamping force is controlled by the tension adjusting nut Turning the tension adjusting nut clockwise while keeping the cam lever from rotating increases cla
29. ace 44 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual CAUTION Pencil type automotive tire gauges can be inaccurate and should not be relied upon for consistent accurate pressure readings Instead use a high quality dial gauge Ask your dealer to recommend the best tire pressure for the kind of riding you will most often do and have the dealer inflate your tires to that pressure Then check inflation as described in Section 1 C so you ll know how correctly inflated tires should look and feel when you don t have access to a gauge Some tires may need to be brought up to pressure every week or two so it is important to check your tire pressures before every ride Some special high performance tires have unidirectional treads their tread pattern is designed to work better in one direction than in the other The sidewall marking of a unidirectional tire will have an arrow showing the correct rotation direction If your bike has unidirectional tires be sure that they are mounted to rotate in the correct direction 2 Tire Valves There are primarily two kinds of bicycle tube valves The Schraeder Valve and the Presta Valve The bicycle pump you use must have the fitting appropriate to the valve stems on your bicycle The Schraeder valve fig 18a is like the valve on a car tire To inflate a Schraeder valve tube remove the valve cap and clamp the pump fitting onto the end of the valve stem To let air out of a Schraeder valve d
30. acles hazards or traffic and be sure to follow the pedal manufacturer s setup and service instructions If you do not have the manufacturer s instructions see your dealer or contact the manufacturer F Bicycle Suspension Many bicycles are equipped with suspension systems There are many different types of suspension systems too many to deal with individually in this Manual If your bicycle has a suspension system of any kind be sure to read and follow the suspension manufacturer s setup and service instructions If you do not have the manufacturer s instructions see your dealer or contact the manufacturer A WARNING Failure to maintain check and properly adjust the suspension system may result in suspension malfunction which may cause you to lose control and fall If your bike has suspension the increased speed you may develop also increases your risk of injury For example when braking the front of a suspended bike dips You could lose control and fall if you do not have experience with this system Learn to handle your suspension system safely See also Section 4 C AN WARNING Changing suspension adjustment can change the handling and braking characteristics of your bicycle Never change suspension adjustment unless you are thoroughly familiar with the suspension system manufacturer s instructions and recommendations and always check for changes in the handling and braking characteristics of the bicycle afte
31. act with oil or grease they must be repla 34 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual ced If the brake disc has come into contact with oil or grease it must be cleaned otherwise braking efficiency may be strongly impaired O Use water with a little dishwashing detergent or a dry cloth to clean and maintain the braking system Contact an authorised dealer for the use of brake cleaning agents or agents for preventing brake noises as these may damage parts such as seals D Shifting gears Your multi speed bicycle will have a derailleur drivetrain see 1 below an internal gear hub drivetrain see 2 below or in some special cases a combination of the two 1 How a derailleur drivetrain works If your bicycle has a derailleur drivetrain the gear changing mechanism will have e a rear cassette or freewheel sprocket cluster e a rear derailleur e usually a front derailleur e one or two shifters e one two or three front sprockets called chainrings e a drive chain a Shifting Gears There are several different types and styles of shifting controls levers twist grips triggers combination shift brake controls and push buttons Ask your dealer to explain the type of shifting controls that are on your bike and to show you how they work The vocabulary of shifting can be pretty confusing A downshift is a shift to a lower or slower gear one which is easier to pedal An upshift is a shift to a higher or f
32. ain touches inner chain guide plate Trimming middle chain sprocket js sprockets small chain sprocket i smaller rear sprockets inner chain guide plate Lever actuation Derailleur movement Trimming before trimming derailleur movement Tech D 41 E Pedals 1 Toe Overlap is when your toe can touch the front wheel when you turn the handlebars to steer while a pedal is in the forwardmost position This is common on small framed bicycles and is avoided by keeping the inside pedal up and the outside pedal down when making sharp turns On any bicycle this technique will also prevent the inside pedal from striking the ground in a turn A WARNING Toe Overlap could cause you to lose control and fall Ask 4 your dealer to help you determine if the combination of frame size crank arm length pedal design and shoes you will use results in pedal overlap Whether you have overlap or not you must keep the inside pedal up and the outside pedal down when making sharp turns 2 Some bicycles come equipped with pedals that have sharp and potentially dangerous surfaces These surfaces are designed to add safety by increasing grip between the rider s shoe and the pedal If your bicycle has this type of high performance pedal you must take extra care to avoid serious injury from the
33. all applicable laws 3 Do you know how to correctly secure your front and rear wheels Check Section 4 A 1 to make sure Riding with an improperly secured wheel can cause the wheel to wobble or disengage from the bicycle and cause serious injury or death 4 If your bike has toeclips and straps or clipless step in pedals make sure you know how they work See Section 4 E These pedals require special techniques and skills Follow the pedal manufacturer s instructions for use adjustment and care 5 Do you have toe overlap On smaller framed bicycles your toe or toeclip may be able to contact the front wheel when a pedal is all the way forward and the wheel is turned Read Section 4 E to check whether you have toeclip overlap 6 Does your bike have suspension If so check Section 4 F Suspension can change the way a bicycle performs Follow the suspension manufacturer s instructions for use adjustment and care 8 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual C Mechanical Safety Check Routinely check the condition of your bicycle before every ride O Nuts bolts screws amp other fasteners Because manufacturers use a wide variety of fastener sizes and shapes made in a variety of materials often differing by model and component the correct tightening force or torque cannot be generalized To make sure that the many fasteners on your bicycle are correctly tightened refer to the Fastener Torque Specifications in App
34. amination occurs the surface shape may change The surface may have a bump a bulge soft spot or not be smooth and fair 3 A difference in sound when tapping the surface If you gently tap the surface of an undamaged composite you will hear a consistent sound usually a hard sharp sound If you then tap a delaminated area you will hear a different sound usually duller less sharp Unusual Noises Either a crack or delamination can cause creaking noises while riding Think about such a noise as a serious warning signal A well maintained bicycle will be very quiet and free of creaks and squeaks Investigate and find the source of any noise It may not be a crack or delamination but whatever is causing the noise must be fixed before riding AN WARNING Do not ride a bicycle or component with any delamination or crack Riding a delaminated or cracked frame fork or other component could lead to complete failure with risk of serious injury or death 60 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual C Understanding components It is often necessary to remove and disassemble components in order to properly and carefully inspect them This is a job for a professional bicycle mechanic with the special tools skills and experience to inspect and service today s high tech high performance bicycles and their components Aftermarket Super Light components Think carefully about your rider profile as outlined above The more you fit
35. and an over center cam on the other cam action system fig 8 a amp b ADJUSTING WUT ADJUST OFEN 22 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual e A hollow axle with a shaft skewer running through it which has a nut on one end and a fitting for a hex key lock lever or other tightening device on the other through bolt fig 9 e Hex nuts or hex key bolts which are threaded on to or into the hub axle bolt on wheel fig 10 Your bicycle may be equipped with a different securing method for the front wheel than for the rear wheel Discuss the wheel securing method for your bicycle with your dealer It is very important that you understand the type of wheel securing method on your bicycle that you know how to secure the wheels correctly and that you know how to apply the correct clamping force that safely secures the wheel Ask your dealer to instruct you in correct wheel removal and installation and ask him to give you any available manufacturer s instructions Tech 23 AN WARNING Riding with an improperly secured wheel can allow the wheel to wobble or fall off the bicycle which can cause serious injury or death Therefore it is essential that you 1 Ask your dealer to help you make sure you know how to install and remove your wheels safely 2 Understand and apply the correct technique for clamping your wheel in place 3 Each time before you ride the bike check that the wheel is securely
36. and rider weight shifts See paragraph B 6 above and Section 4 F Practice shifting the gears see Section 4 D Remember to never move the shifter while pedaling backward nor pedal backwards immediately after having moved the shifter This could jam the chain and cause serious damage to the bicycle Check out the handling and response of the bike and check the comfort If you have any questions or if you feel anything about the bike is not as it should be consult your dealer before you ride again 2 Safety A The Basics WARNING The area in which you ride may require specific safety devices It is your responsibility to familiarize yourself with the laws of the area where you ride and to comply with all applicable laws including properly equipping yourself and your bike as the law requires Observe all local bicycle laws and regulations Observe regulations about bicycle lighting licensing of bicycles riding on sidewalks laws regulating bike path and trail use helmet laws child carrier laws special bicycle traffic laws It s your responsibility to know and obey the laws 1 Always wear a cycling helmet which meets the latest certification standards and is appropriate for the type of riding you do Always follow the helmet manufacturer s instructions for fit use and care of your helmet Most serious bicycle injuries involve head injuries which might have been avoided if the rider had worn an appropriate helmet WARNIN
37. aster harder to pedal gear What s confusing is that what s happening at the front derailleur is the opposite of what s happening at the rear derailleur for details read the instructions on Shifting the Rear Derailleur and Shifting the Front Derailleur below For example you can select a gear which will make pedaling easier on a hill make a downshift in one of two ways shift the chain down the gear steps to a smaller gear at the front or up the gear steps to a larger gear at the rear So at the rear gear cluster what is called a downshift looks like an upshift The way to keep things straight is to remember that shifting the chain in towards the centerline of the bike is for accelerating and climbing and is called a downshift Moving the chain out or away from the centerline of the bike is for speed and is called an upshift Whether upshifting or downshifting the bicycle derailleur system design requires that the drive chain be moving forward and be under at least some tension A derailleur will shift only if you are pedaling forward CAUTION Never move the shifter while pedaling backward nor pedal backwards immediately after having moved the shifter This could jam the chain and cause serious damage to the bicycle Tech 35 b Shifting the Rear Derailleur The rear derailleur is controlled by the right shifter The function of the rear derailleur is to move the drive chain from one gear sprocket to another The
38. asy moderate terrain NOT INTENDED For very aggressive mountain bike riding Mountain tandems are most definitely NOT for Downhill Freeriding North Shore Choose terrain with the abilities of both the Tandem s captain and stoker in mind MAXIMUM WEIGHT LIMIT RIDER LUGGAGE TOTAL lbs kg los kg Ibs kg 500 227 75 34 575 261 54 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual Appendix B The Lifespan of Your Bike and Its Components 1 Nothing Lasts Forever Including Your Bike When the useful life of your bike or its components is over continued use is hazardous Every bicycle and its component parts have a finite limited useful life The length of that life will vary with the construction and materials used in the frame and components the maintenance and care the frame and components receive over their life and the type and amount of use to which the frame and components are subjected Use in competitive events trick riding ramp riding jumping aggressive riding riding on severe terrain riding in severe climates riding with heavy loads commercial activities and other types of non standard use can dramatically shorten the life of the frame and components Any one or a combination of these conditions may result in an unpredictable failure All aspects of use being identical lightweight bicycles and their components will usually have a shorter life than heavier bicycles and their components In selecting
39. avel is relatively short since the bike is intended to move quickly on the ground 50 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual NOT INTENDED For Hardcore Freeriding Extreme Downhill Dirt Jumping Slopestyle or very aggressive or extreme riding No spending time in the air landing hard and hammering through obstacles TRADE OFF Cross Country bikes are lighter faster to ride uphill and more nimble than All Mountain bikes Cross Country and Marathon bikes trade off some ruggedness for pedaling efficiency and uphill speed MAXIMUM WEIGHT LIMIT Front suspension frames manufactured with original equipment seat stay and dropout rack mounts only 300 136 55 25 355 161 All Mountain CONDITION 4 Bikes designed for riding Conditions 1 2 and 3 plus rough technical areas moderately sized obstacles and small jumps INTENDED For trail and uphill riding All Mountain bicycles are 1 more heavy duty than cross country bikes but less heavy duty than Freeride bikes 2 lighter and more nimble than Freeride bikes 3 heavier and have more suspension travel than a cross country bike allowing them to be ridden in more difficult terrain over larger obstacles and moderate jumps 4 intermediate in suspension travel and use components that fit the intermediate intended use 5 cover a fairly wide range of intended use and within this range are models that are more or less heavy duty Talk to your retailer about your needs an
40. between your thumb and index finger Do they all feel about the same If any feel loose have your dealer check the wheel for tension and trueness e Check the tires for excess wear cuts or bruises Have your dealer replace them if necessary e check the wheel rims for excess wear dings dents and scratches Consult your dealer if you see any rim damage e Check to make sure that all parts and accessories are still secure and tighten any which are not e Check the frame particularly in the area around all tube joints the handlebars the stem and the seatpost for any deep scratches cracks or discoloration These are signs of stress caused fatigue and indicate that a part is at the end of its useful life and needs to be replaced See also Appendix B Service 47 WARNING Like any mechanical device a bicycle and its components are subject to wear and stress Different materials and mechanisms wear or fatigue from stress at different rates and have different life cycles If a components life cycle is exceeded the component can suddenly and catastrophically fail causing serious injury or death to the rider Scratches cracks fraying and discoloration are signs of stress caused fatigue and indicate that a part is at the end of its useful life and needs to be replaced While the materials and workmanship of your bicycle or of individual components may be covered by a warranty for a specified period of time by the manufacturer this is no
41. bike Maximum braking force for each wheel occurs at the point just before the wheel locks up stops rotating and starts to skid Once the tire skids you actually lose most of your stopping force and all directional control You need to practice slowing and stopping smoothly without locking up a wheel The technique is called progressive brake modulation Instead of jerking the brake lever to the position where you think you ll generate appropriate braking force squeeze the lever progressively increasing the braking force If you feel the wheel begin to lock up release pressure just a little to keep the wheel rotating just short of lockup It s important to develop a feel for the amount of brake lever pressure required for each wheel at different speeds and on different surfaces To better understand this experiment a little by walking your bike 30 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual fig 14 and applying different amounts of pressure to each brake lever until the wheel locks When you apply one or both brakes the bike begins to slow but your body wants to continue at the speed at which it was going This causes a transfer of weight to the front wheel or under heavy braking around the front wheel hub which could send you flying over the handlebars A wheel with more weight on it will accept greater brake pressure before lockup a wheel with less weight will lock up with less brake pressure So as you ap
42. considerable force If you can fully close the cam lever without wrapping your fingers around the fork blade for leverage the lever does not leave a clear imprint in the palm of your hand and the serrations on the wheel fastener do not emboss the surfaces of the dropouts the tension is insufficient Open the lever turn the tension adjusting nut clockwise a quarter turn then try again See also the first WARNING in this Section p 18 6 If you disengaged the brake quick release mechanism in 3 a 1 above re engage it to restore correct brake pad to rim clearance 26 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual 7 Spin the wheel to make sure that it is centered in the frame and clears the brake pads then squeeze the brake lever and make sure that the brakes are operating correctly c Removing a disk brake or rim brake Rear Wheel 1 If you have a multi speed bike with a derailleur gear system shift the rear derailleur to high gear the smallest outermost rear sprocket If you have an internal gear rear hub consult your dealer or the hub manufacturer s instructions before attempting to remove the rear wheel If you have a single speed bike with rim or disk brake go to step 4 below 2 If your bike has rim brakes disengage the brake s quick release mechanism to increase the clearance between the wheel rim and the brake pads see Section 4 C figs 11 through 15 3 On a derailleur gear system pull the derailleur b
43. crew head e g 8 8 If the manufacturer s specifications do not differ the following torques average values apply depending on the screw quality Not all values can be applied to other manufacturers components Read the component manufacturer s specifications or observe the torque specifications marked on the components Use only suitable tools for tightening screwed components e g torque wrench otherwise the screws may shear off Parts may be damaged if the screws are over tightened Always observe the specified torque Tightening torques of Shimano components E B Article Specification Tightening Torque Observe the minimum screw depth In the case of hard aluminium alloys this ee a ae must be minimum 1 4 x screw diameter e g nominal diameter M 5 x 1 4 7 mm Rear derailleur RD Fixing bolts derailleur hange ss 8 Nm Inner cable fixing screw 5 Nm i All screws nuts and bolts that are relevant to safety should be tightened G hif ler fixi N with a torque wrench This indicates the corresponding torque in Nm __ Gear shifter roller fixing screw S Nm Newton meter Front Derailleur FD Clip fixing screw 5 Nm Regarding tightening torques refer to the following priorities Inner cable fixing screw 5 Nm 1st priority torques that are printed on components by the manufacturer Derailleur on Clip fixing screw 3 Nm 2nd priority torques that you can find in the manufacturers manuals Carbon Frame FD 3rd priority torques that you ca
44. d these models NOT INTENDED For use in extreme forms of jumping riding such as hardcore mountain Freeriding Downhill North Shore Dirt Jumping Hucking etc No large drop offs jumps or launches wooden structures dirt embankments requiring long suspension travel or heavy duty components and no spending time in the air landing hard and hammering through obstacles TRADE OFF All Mountain bikes are more rugged than cross country bikes for riding more difficult terrain All Mountain bikes are heavier and harder to ride uphill than cross country bikes All Mountain bikes are lighter more nimble and easier to ride uphill than Freeride bikes All Mountain bikes are not as rugged as Freeride bikes and must not be used for more extreme riding and terrain Appendix A 51 MAXIMUM WEIGHT LIMIT RIDER LUGGAGE TOTAL lbs kg lbs kg Ibs kg 300 136 512 9 305 138 Seat Bag Only Gravity Freeride and Downhill CONDITION 5 Bikes designed for jumping hucking high speeds or aggressive riding on rougher surfaces or landing on flat surfaces However this type of riding is extremely hazardous and puts unpredictable forces on a bicycle which may overload the frame fork or parts If you choose to ride in Condition 5 terrain you should take appropriate safety precautions such as more frequent bike inspections and replacement of equipment You should also wear comprehensive safety equipment such as a full face helmet
45. death 2 Applying brakes too hard or too suddenly can lock up a wheel which could cause you to lose control and fall Sudden or excessive application of the front brake may pitch the rider over the handlebars which may result in serious injury or death 3 Some bicycle brakes such as disc brakes fig 11 and linear pull brakes fig 12 are extremely powerful Take extra care in becoming familiar with these brakes and exercise particular care when using them 4 Some bicycle brakes are equipped with a brake force modulator a small cylindrical device through which the brake control cable runs and which is designed to provide a more progressive application of braking force A modulator makes the initial brake lever force more gentle progressively increasing force until full force is achieved If your bike is equipped with a brake force modulator take extra care in becoming familiar with its performance characteristics 5 Disc brakes can get extremely hot with extended use Be careful not to touch a disc brake until it has had plenty of time to cool 6 See the brake manufacturer s instructions for operation and care of your brakes and for when brake pads must be replaced If you do not have the manufacturer s instructions see your dealer or contact the brake manufacturer 7 If replacing worn or damaged parts use only manufacturer approved genuine replacement parts Tech 29 1 Brake controls and features It s very i
46. der you use it and the worse the conditions you use it in the shorter its life Fatigue is the term used to describe accumulated damage to a part caused by repeated loading To cause fatigue damage the load the part receives must be great enough A crude often used example is bending a paper clip back and forth repeated loading until it breaks This simple definition will help you understand that fatigue has nothing to do with time or age A bicycle in a garage does not fatigue Fatigue happens only through use So what kind of damage are we talking about On a microscopic level a crack forms in a highly stressed area As the load is repeatedly applied the crack grows At some point the crack becomes visible to the naked eye Eventually it becomes so large that the part is too weak to carry the load that it could carry without the crack At that point there can be a complete and immediate failure of the part One can design a part that is so strong that fatigue life is nearly infinite This requires a lot of material and a lot of weight Any structure that must be light and strong will have a finite fatigue life Aircraft race cars motorcycles all have parts with finite fatigue lives If you wanted a bicycle with an infinite fatigue life it would weigh far more than any bicycle sold today So we all make a tradeoff the wonderful lightweight performance we want requires that we inspect the structure What to look for e ONCE
47. e skeleton that carries the load Why Are Composites Used Unlike metals which have uniform properties in all directions engineers call this isotropic carbon fibers can be placed in specific orientations to optimize the structure for particular loads The choice of where to place the carbon fibers gives engineers a powerful tool to create strong light bicycles Engineers may also orient fibers to suit other goals such as comfort and vibration damping Carbon fiber composites are very corrosion resistant much more so than most metals Think about carbon fiber or fiberglass boats Carbon fiber materials have a very high strength to weight ratio What Are The Limits Of Composites Well designed composite or carbon fiber bicycles and components have long fatigue lives usually better than their metal equivalents While fatigue life is an advantage of carbon fiber you must still regularly inspect your carbon fiber frame fork or components Carbon fiber composites are not ductile Once a carbon structure is overloaded it will not bend it will break At and near the break there will be rough sharp edges and maybe delamination of carbon fiber or carbon fiber fabric layers There will be no bending buckling or stretching Appendix B Bicycle Lifespan 59 If You Hit Something Or Have A Crash What Can You Expect From Your Carbon Fiber Bike Let s say you hit a curb ditch rock car other cyclist or other object A
48. e parts such as inner tubes light bulbs etc it would be appropriate for you to have once you have learned how to replace such parts when they require replacement A Service Intervals Some service and maintenance can and should be performed by the owner and require no special tools or knowledge beyond what is presented in this manual The following are examples of the type of service you should perform yourself All other service maintenance and repair should be performed in a properly equipped facility by a qualified bicycle mechanic using the correct tools and procedures specified by the manufacturer 1 Break in Period Your bike will last longer and work better if you break it in before riding it hard Control cables and wheel spokes may stretch or seat when a new bike is first used and may require readjustment by your dealer 46 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual Your Mechanical Safety Check Section 1 C will help you identify some things that need readjustment But even if everything seems fine to you it s best to take your bike back to the dealer for a checkup Dealers typically suggest you bring the bike in for a 30 day checkup Another way to judge when it s time for the first checkup is to bring the bike in after three to five hours of hard off road use or about 10 to 15 hours of on road or more casual off road use But if you think something is wrong with the bike take it to your dealer before riding it aga
49. e crank until the pedal with your heel on it is in the down position and the crank arm is parallel to the seat tube If your leg is not completely straight your saddle height needs to be adjusted If your hips must rock for the heel to reach the pedal the saddle is too high If your leg is bent at the knee with your heel on the pedal the saddle is too low Ask your dealer to set the saddle for your optimal riding position and to show you how to make this adjustment If you choose to make your own saddle height adjustment fig 4 O loosen the seat post clamp O raise or lower the seat post in the seat tube O make sure the saddle is straight fore and aft P O re tighten the seat post clamp to the Om 4 recommended torque Appendix D or the manufacturer s instructions Once the saddle is at the correct height make sure that the seat post does not project from the frame beyond its Minimum Insertion or Maximum Extension mark fig 4 NOTE Some bicycles have a sight hole in the seat tube the purpose of which is to make it easy to see whether the seat post is inserted in the seat tube far enough to be safe If your bicycle has such a sight hole use it instead of the Minimum Insertion or Maximum Extension mark to make sure the seat post is inserted in the seat tube far enough to be visible through the sight hole If your bike has an interrupted seat tube as is the case on some suspension bikes
50. e is important How often this more detailed inspection is needed depends upon you You the rider owner have control and knowledge of how often you use your bike how hard you use it and where you use it Because your dealer Appendix B Bicycle Lifespan 55 cannot track your use you must take responsibility for periodically bringing your bike to your dealer for inspection and service Your dealer will help you decide what frequency of inspection and service is appropriate for how and where you use your bike For your safety understanding and communication with your dealer we urge you to read this Appendix in its entirety The materials used to make your bike determine how and how frequently to inspect Ignoring this WARNING can lead to frame fork or other component failure which can result in serious injury or death A Understanding metals Steel is the traditional material for building bicycle frames It has good characteristics but in high performance bicycles steel has been largely replaced by aluminum and some titanium The main factor driving this change is interest by cycling enthusiasts in lighter bicycles Properties of Metals Please understand that there is no simple statement that can be made that characterizes the use of different metals for bicycles What is true is how the metal chosen is applied is much more important than the material alone One must look at the way the bike is designed tested manufactured supp
51. e which you don t completely understand Please note that not all bicycles have all of the features described in this Manual Ask your dealer to point out the features of your bicycle A Bike Fit 1 Is your bike the right size To check see Section 3 A If your bicycle is too large or too small for you you may lose control and fall If your new bike is not the right size ask your dealer to exchange it before you ride it 2 Is the saddle at the right height To check see Section 3 B If you adjust your saddle height follow the Minimum Insertion instructions in Section 3 B 3 Are saddle and seat post securely clamped A correctly tightened saddle will allow no saddle movement in any direction See Section 3 B 4 Are the stem and handlebars at the right height for you If not see Section 3 C 5 Can you comfortably operate the brakes If not you may be able to adjust their angle and reach See Section 3 D and 3 E 6 Do you fully understand how to operate your new bicycle If not before your first ride have your dealer explain any functions or features which you do not understand B Safety First 1 Always wear an approved helmet when riding your bike and follow the helmet manufacturer s instructions for fit use and care 2 Do you have all the other required and recommended safety equipment See Section 2 It s your responsibility to familiarize yourself with the laws of the areas where you ride and to comply with
52. endix D of this manual or to the torque specifications in the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the component in question Correctly tightening a fastener requires a calibrated torque wrench A professional bicycle mechanic with a torque wrench should torque the fasteners on you bicycle If you choose to work on your own bicycle you must use a torque wrench and the correct tightening torque specifications from the bicycle or component manufacturer or from your dealer If you need to make an adjustment at home or in the field we urge you to exercise care and to have the fasteners you worked on checked by your dealer as soon as possible WARNING Correct tightening force on fasteners nuts bolts screws on your bicycle is important Too little force and the fastener may not hold securely Too much force and the fastener can strip threads stretch deform or break Either way incorrect tightening force can result in component failure which can cause you to loose control and fall O Make sure nothing is loose Lift the front wheel off the ground by two or three inches then let it bounce on the ground Anything sound feel or look loose Do a visual and tactile inspection of the whole bike Any loose parts or accessories If so secure them If you re not sure ask someone with experience to check O Tires amp Wheels Make sure tires are correctly inflated See Section 4 G 1 Check by putting one hand on the saddle one on the
53. ents is irrelevant to what happens to your body What should you expect from your metal frame It depends on many complex factors which is why we tell you that crashworthiness cannot be a design criteria With that important note we can tell you that if the impact is hard enough the fork or frame may be bent or buckled On a steel bike the steel 56 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual fork may be severely bent and the frame undamaged Aluminum is less ductile than steel but you can expect the fork and frame to be bent or buckled Hit harder and the top tube may be broken in tension and the down tube buckled Hit harder and the top tube may be broken the down tube buckled and broken leaving the head tube and fork separated from the main triangle When a metal bike crashes you will usually see some evidence of this ductility in bent buckled or folded metal It is now common for the main frame to be made of metal and the fork of carbon fiber See Section B Understanding composites below The relative ductility of metals and the lack of ductility of carbon fiber means that in a crash scenario you can expect some bending or bucking in the metal but none in the carbon Below some load the carbon fork may be intact even though the frame is damaged Above some load the carbon fork will be completely broken The basics of metal fatigue Common sense tells us that nothing that is used lasts forever The more you use something and the har
54. epress the pin in the end of the valve stem with the end of a key or other appropriate object Tig Ba The Presta valve fig 18b has a narrower diameter and is only found on bicycle tires To inflate a Presta valve tube using a Presta headed bicycle pump remove the valve cap unscrew counterclockwise the valve stem lock nut and push down on the valve stem to free it up aiaa Then push the pump head on to the valve head and inflate To inflate a Presta valve with a Schraeder pump fitting you ll need a Presta adapter available at your bike shop which screws on to the valve stem once you ve freed up the valve The adapter fits into the Schraeder pump fitting Close the valve after inflation To let air out of a Presta valve open up the valve stem lock nut and depress the valve stem WARNING We highly recommend that you carry a spare inner tube when you ride your bike Patching a tube is an emergency repair If you do not apply the patch correctly or apply several patches the tube can fail resulting in possible tube failure which could cause you to loose control and fall Replace a patched tube as soon as possible Tech 45 5 Service WARNING Technological advances have made bicycles and bicycle components more complex and the pace of innovation is increasing It is impossible for this manual to provide all the information required to properly repair and or maintain your bicycle In order to help minimize the cha
55. erous and may result in serious injury or death Bicycle reflectors are designed to pick up and reflect car lights and street lights in a way that may help you to be seen and recognized as a moving bicyclist CAUTION Check reflectors and their mounting brackets regularly to make sure that they are clean straight unbroken and securely mounted Have your dealer replace damaged reflectors and straighten or tighten any that are bent or loose The mounting brackets of front and rear reflectors are often designed as brake straddle cable safety catches which prevent the straddle cable from catching on the tire tread if the cable jumps out of its yoke or breaks WARNING Do not remove the front or rear reflectors or reflector brackets from your bicycle They are an integral part of the bicycle s safety system 14 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual Removing the reflectors reduces your visibility to others using the roadway Being struck by other vehicles may result in serious injury or death The reflector brackets may protect you from a brake straddle cable catching on the tire in the event of brake cable failure If a brake straddle cable catches on the tire it can cause the wheel to stop suddenly causing you to loose control and fall If you choose to ride under conditions of poor visibility check and be sure you comply with all local laws about night riding and take the following strongly recommended additional precautions
56. et Lever a Lever a from smaller to larger chain sprocket Rear Front Lever B y eee Lever A ae Lever A Shifting to a larger rear sprocket Lever B Shifting to a smaller rear sprocket Lever b from larger to smaller chain sprocket Lever b Lever a from smaller to larger Lever b Lever a Lever a Shifting to a larger chain sprocket Lever b Shifting to a smaller chain sprocket All levers return to their initial position when released Actuating the chain guide lever e Lever A shifting to a larger rear sprocket Lever A latches in positions 1 2 and 3 Lever A Initial Position Lever A 1st click position Shifting by one gear to the next larger rear sprocket Example Shifting from 3rd to 4th gear rear sprocket Example Shifting from 3rd to 5th gear 3 Shifting by three gears to a larger rear sprocket Example Shifting from 3rd to 6th gear 2 Shifting by two gears to a larger 3rd click position 2nd click position e Lever B shifting to a smaller rear sprocket By pressing lever B once gear is shifted to the next smaller rear sprocket Lever B Initial Position Lever B 3 4 Example Shifting from 4th ie to 3rd gear Operating Advice Lever B moves with Lever A when it is actuated however the exertion of pressure on lever B must be avoided Correspondingly the exertion of pressure on lever A must be avoided when actuatin
57. f various types of bikes Industry usage conditions are generalized and evolving Consult your dealer about how you intend to use your bike High Performance Road CONDITION 1 Bikes designed for riding on a paved surface where the tires do not lose ground contact INTENDED To be ridden on paved roads only NOT INTENDED For off road cyclocross or touring with racks or panniers TRADE OFF Material use is optimized to deliver both light weight and specific performance You must understand that 1 these types of bikes are intended to give an aggressive racer or competitive cyclist a performance advantage over a relatively short product life 2 a less aggressive rider will enjoy longer frame life 8 you are choosing light weight Shorter frame life over more frame weight and a longer frame life 4 you are choosing light weight over more dent resistant or rugged frames that weigh more All frames that are very light need frequent inspection These frames are likely to be damaged or broken in a crash They are not designed to take abuse or be a rugged workhorse See also Appendix B Appendix A 49 MAXIMUM WEIGHT LIMIT RIDER LUGGAGE TOTAL los kg lbs kg Ibs kg 275 125 10 4 5 285 129 Seat Bag Handlebar Bag Only General Purpose Riding CONDITION 2 Bikes designed for riding Condition 1 plus smooth gravel roads and improved trails with moderate grades where the tires do not lose ground contact
58. fork has an integral secondary retention device and a traditional cam action system fig 8a loosen the tension adjusting nut enough to allow removing the wheel from the dropouts If your front wheel uses a cam and cup system fig 8b squeeze the cup and cam lever together while removing the wheel No rotation of any part is necessary with the cam and cup system You may need to tap the top of the wheel with the palm of your hand to release the wheel from the front fork Tech 25 b Installing a disk brake or rim brake Front Wheel CAUTION If your bike is equipped with a front disk brake be careful not to damage the disk caliper or brake pads when re inserting the disk into the caliper Never activate a disk brake s control lever unless the disk is correctly inserted in the caliper See also Section 4 C 1 If your bike has cam action front wheel retention move the cam lever so that it curves away from the wheel fig 8b This is the OPEN position If your bike has through bolt or bolt on front wheel retention go to the next step 2 With the steering fork facing forward insert the wheel between the fork blades so that the axle seats firmly at the top of the fork dropouts The cam lever if there is one should be on rider s left side of the bicycle fig 8a amp b If your bike has a clip on type secondary retention device engage it 3 If you have a traditional cam action mechanism holding the cam lever in the ADJUST p
59. g Cyclo cross involves riding on a variety of terrain and surfaces including dirt or mud surfaces Cyclo cross bikes also work well for all weather rough road riding and commuting NOT INTENDED For off road or mountain bike use or jumping Cyclo cross riders and racers dismount before reaching an obstacle carry their bike over the obstacle and then remount Cyclo cross bikes are not intended for mountain bike use The relatively large road bike size wheels are faster than the smaller mountain bike wheels but not as strong Appendix A 53 MAXIMUM WEIGHT LIMIT RIDER LUGGAGE TOTAL los kg Ibs kg Ibs kg 300 136 30 13 6 330 150 Road Tandems CONDITION 1 Bikes designed for riding on a paved surface where the tires do not lose ground contact INTENDED Are designed to be ridden on paved roads only They are not designed for mountain biking or off road use NOT INTENDED Road tandem should not be taken off road or used as a mountain tandem Four rising on eT only MAXIMUM WEIGHT LIMIT RIDER LUGGAGE TOTAL los kg Ibs kg Ibs kg 500 227 75 34 575 261 Mountain Tandems CONDITION 2 Bikes designed for riding Condition 1 plus smooth gravel roads and improved trails with moderate grades where the tires do not lose ground contact INTENDED The challenges of mountain biking are obvious The added challenges of tandem riding mean that you should limit off road tandem riding to e
60. g lever B The simultaneous actuation of both levers results in no gear shift 38 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual NS Lever b Initial Position Lever b Lever a Initial Position Lever a Lever b shifting from the middle to the smallest chain sprocket If the lever movement does not produce a complete change of chain sprocket the lever must be moved again by amount X in order to execute the missing lever movement distance X and thus the gear shift Complete derailleur lever stroke Click position Stroke actually Click position performed Lever b moves with lever a when it is actuated However the exertion of pressure on lever b must be avoided Correspondingly the exertion of pressure on lever a must be avoided when actuating lever b The simultaneous actuation of both levers results in no gear shift Actuating the derailleur lever with trimming noise minimization optional Shift procedure pi Lever b shifting from the middle to the smallest chain sprocket KT KT aes Initial Position Initial Position Lever a Lera Lever b When shifting using lever b an initial click stop marks the start of trimming noise prevention mechanism and a second stronger click stop marks the complete chain sprocket shift After trimming the next press concludes the shift sequence Complete chain shift lever stroke Complete chain shift lever stroke
61. high speeds or aggressive riding on rougher surfaces or landing on flat surfaces However this type of riding is extremely hazardous and puts unpredictable forces on a bicycle which may overload the frame fork or parts If you choose to ride in Condition 5 terrain you should take appropriate safety precautions such as more frequent bike inspections and replacement of equipment You should also wear comprehensive safety equipment such as a full face helmet pads and body armor INTENDED For man made dirt jumps ramps skate parks other predictable obstacles and terrain where riders need and use skill and bike control rather than suspension Dirt Jumping bikes are used much like heavy duty BMX bikes A Dirt Jumping bike does not give you skills to jump Read Section 2 F p 10 NOT INTENDED For terrain drop offs or landings where large amounts of suspension travel are needed to help absorb the shock of landing and help maintain control TRADE OFF Dirt Jumping bikes are lighter and more nimble than Freeride bikes but they have no rear suspension and the suspension travel in the front is much shorter MAXIMUM WEIGHT LIMIT RIDER LUGGAGE TOTAL los kg los kg Ibs kg 300 136 0 300 136 Cyclo Cross CONDITION 2 Bikes designed for riding Condition 1 plus smooth gravel roads and improved trails with moderate grades where the tires do not lose ground contact INTENDED For cyclo cross riding training and racin
62. in 2 Before every ride Mechanical Safety Check Section 1 C 3 After every long or hard ride if the bike has been exposed to water or grit or at least every 100 miles Clean the bike and lightly lubricate the chain s rollers with a good quality bicycle chain lubricant Wipe off excess lubricant with a lint free cloth Lubrication is a function of climate Talk to your dealer about the best lubricants and the recommended lubrication frequency for your area 4 After every long or hard ride or after every 10 to 20 hours of riding e Squeeze the front brake and rock the bike forward and back Everything feel solid If you feel a clunk with each forward or backward movement of the bike you probably have a loose headset Have your dealer check it e Lift the front wheel off the ground and swing it from side to side Feel smooth If you feel any binding or roughness in the steering you may have a tight headset Have your dealer check it e Grab one pedal and rock it toward and away from the centerline of the bike then do the same with the other pedal Anything feel loose If so have your dealer check it e Take a look at the brake pads Starting to look worn or not hitting the wheel rim squarely Time to have the dealer adjust or replace them e Carefully check the control cables and cable housings Any rust Kinks Fraying If so have your dealer replace them e Squeeze each adjoining pair of spokes on either side of each wheel
63. is when straddling the bike To check for correct standover height straddle the bike while wearing the kind of shoes in which you ll be riding and bounce vigorously on your heels If your crotch touches the frame the bike is too big for you Don t even ride the bike around the block A bike which you ride only on paved surfaces and never take off road should give you a minimum standover height clearance of two inches 5 cm A bike that you ll ride on unpaved surfaces should give you a minimum of three inches 7 5 cm of standover height clearance And a bike that you ll use off road should give you four inches 10 cm or more of clearance 2 Step through frame bicycles Standover height does not apply to bicycles with step through frames Instead the limiting dimension is determined by saddle height range You must be able Fit 17 to adjust your saddle position as described in B without exceeding the limits set by the height of the top of the seat tube and the Minimum Insertion or Maximum Extension mark on the seat post B Saddle position Correct saddle adjustment is an important fig 1 factor in getting the most performance and comfort from your bicycle If the saddle position is not comfortable for you see your dealer The saddle can be adjusted in three directions 1 Up and down adjustment To check for correct saddle height fig 3 e sit on the saddle e place one heel on a pedal e rotate th
64. le chain rear sprockets and chain sprockets O Lubricate the chain with chain grease O Check that all screws are tight Have the brake hub checked and the brake pads replaced if necessary Have the O hubs O headset O pedals 0 gear shift cables O brake cables dismantled checked cleaned lubricated and replaced by a dealer if necessary 64 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual When Maintenance Check Each time after Clean and lubricate the it rains O gear shifters O brakes O bicycle chain Technical Data Total permissible weight of the bicycle The total permissible weight of the bicycle comprises the weight of the bicycle the weight of the rider and the weight of the luggage Permissible carrier load Observe possible differing data on your carrier or in the manufacturer s specifications Maximum load of the rear carrier 20 child s bicycle and trailer 22 Ibs 24 child s bicycle 40 Ibs Touring city trekking bike ATB 55 Ibs Maximum load of the front carrier Loading surface above the front wheel 22 Ibs Low lying loading surface 40 Ibs Appendix D Bicycle Inspection Plan 65 Appen dix AN In the case of carbon parts observe any differing information or EEE marking regarding the recommended torque Tightening Torques Tire Pressure Lighting Systems General tightening torques of screws nuts and bolts Highte ning sOrguee OrSCrEWS MNS ANCHOIS The screw quality is stamped on the s
65. ll local traffic laws You are sharing the road or the path with others motorists pedestrians and other cyclists Respect their rights 3 Ride defensively Always assume that others do not see you e 4 Look ahead and be ready to avoid 12 e Vehicles slowing or turning entering the road or your lane Y ahead of you or coming up behind you e Parked car doors opening e Pedestrians stepping out e Children or pets playing near the road e Pot holes sewer grating railroad tracks expansion joints road or sidewalk construction debris and other obstructions that could cause you to swerve into traffic catch your wheel or cause you to have an accident e The many other hazards and distractions which can occur on a bicycle ride Ride in designated bike lanes on designated bike paths or as close to the edge of the road as possible in the direction of traffic flow or as directed by local governing laws Stop at stop signs and traffic lights slow down and look both ways at street intersections Remember that a bicycle always loses in a collision with a motor vehicle so be prepared to yield even if you have the right of way Use approved hand signals for turning and stopping Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual 8 Never ride with headphones They mask traffic sounds and emergency vehicle sirens distract you from concentrating on what s going on around you and their wires can tangle in the mo
66. lly check to make sure that the saddle adjusting mechanism is properly tightened If in spite of carefully adjusting the saddle height tilt and fore and aft position your saddle is still uncomfortable you may need a different saddle design Saddles like people come in many different shapes sizes and resilience Your dealer can help you select a saddle which when correctly adjusted for your body and riding style will be comfortable WARNING Some people have claimed that extended riding with a saddle which is incorrectly adjusted or which does not support your pelvic area correctly can cause short term or long term injury to nerves and blood vessels or even impotence If your saddle causes you pain numbness or other discomfort listen to your body and stop riding until you see your dealer about saddle adjustment or a different saddle C Handlebar height and angle pe Your bike is equipped either with a threadless stem which clamps on to the outside of the steerer tube or with a quill stem which clamps inside the es steerer tube by way of an expanding binder bolt If you aren t absolutely sure which type of stem your bike has ask your dealer hg amp If your bike has a threadless stem fig 6 your dealer may be able to change handlebar height by moving height adjustment spacers from below the stem to above the stem or vice versa Otherwise you ll have to get a stem of different length or
67. m to disengage before changing the saddle s angle and then that the serrations fully re engage before you tighten the clamp bolt to the recommended torque Appendix D or the manufacturer s instructions WARNING When making saddle angle adjustments with a single bolt saddle clamp always check to make sure that the serrations on the mating surfaces of the clamp are not worn Worn serrations on the clamp can allow the saddle to move causing you to lose control and fall Always tighten fasteners to the correct torque Bolts that are too tight can stretch and deform Bolts that are too loose can move and fatigue Either mistake can lead to a sudden failure of the bolt causing you to lose control and fall Note If your bicycle is equipped with a suspension seat post the suspension mechanism may require periodic service or maintenance Ask your dealer for recommended service intervals for your suspension seat post Small changes in saddle position can have a substantial effect on performance and comfort To find your best saddle position make only one adjustment at a time Fit 19 AN WARNING After any saddle adjustment be sure that the saddle adjusting mechanism is properly seated and tightened before riding A loose saddle clamp or seat post clamp can cause damage to the seat post or can cause you to lose control and fall A correctly tightened saddle adjusting mechanism will allow no saddle movement in any direction Periodica
68. ma g b upshifting and downshifting to get a feel for the different gear combinations At first practice shifting where there are no obstacles hazards or other traffic until you ve built up your confidence Learn to anticipate the need to shift and shift to a lower gear before the hill gets too steep If you have difficulties with shifting the problem could be mechanical adjustment See your dealer for help WARNING Never shift a derailleur onto the largest or the smallest sprocket if the derailleur is not shifting smoothly The derailleur may be out of adjustment and the chain could jam causing you to lose control and fall e What if it won t shift gears If moving the shift control one click repeatedly fails to result in a smooth shift to the next gear chances are that the mechanism is out of adjustment Take the bike to your dealer to have it adjusted 36 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual 2 How An Internal Gear Hub Drivetrain Works If your bicycle has an internal gear hub drivetrain the gear changing mechanism will consist of a 3 5 7 8 12 speed or possibly an infinitely variable internal gear hub one or sometimes two shifters one or two control cables one front sprocket called a chainring a drive chain a Shifting internal gear hub gears Shifting with an internal gear hub drivetrain is simply a matter of moving the shifter to the indicated position for the desired gear ratio After you have mo
69. mally If the brakes do not respond normally they must be adjusted as follows O Set the brake lever parallel to the ground and pull it a few times slowly so that the bubbles return to the reservoir O If the response is still bad after this the brake system needs to be bled Consult an authorised dealer Brake pads and brake blocks are consumable parts Have the brake Th pads of hydraulic oil pressure disc brakes checked regularly by a dealer and replaced if necessary Removing Refitting the Wheel O It is recommended to use a brake block spacer when removing the wheel The use of a brake block spacer can prevent the pistons falling out if the brake lever is pulled after the wheel has been removed CO If the brake lever is pulled and no brake block spacer is fitted the pistons can move as usual Use a grease free flat blade screwdriver to push the brake blocks back taking care not to scratch them If the brake blocks are not fitted put them back in place before moving the pistons If it is difficult to push back the brake blocks or pistons contact an authorised dealer O After fitting the wheel check whether or not the quick release lever is located on the right hand side opposite side to the brake disc If the quick release lever is located on the same side as the brake disc there is a danger that the lever and the brake disc could impair one another Cleaning the Braking System If the brake blocks have come into cont
70. mpact can put extraordinary stress on bicycle components causing them to fatigue prematurely Components suffering from stress fatigue can fail suddenly and catastrophically causing loss of control serious injury or death 48 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual Appendix A Intended use of your bicycle WARNING Understand your bike and its intended use Choosing the wrong bicycle for your purpose can be hazardous Using your bike the wrong way is dangerous No one type of bicycle is suited for all purposes Your retailer can help you pick the right tool for the job and help you understand its limitations There are many types of bicycles and many variations within each type There are many types of mountain road racing hybrid touring cyclocross and tandem bicycles There are also bicycles that mix features For example there are road racing bikes with triple cranks These bikes have the low gearing of a touring bike the quick handling of a racing bike but are not well suited for carrying heavy loads on a tour For that purpose you want a touring bike Within each of type of bicycle one can optimize for certain purposes Visit your bicycle shop and find someone with expertise in the area that interests you Do your own homework Seemingly small changes such as the choice of tires can improve or diminish the performance of a bicycle for a certain purpose On the following pages we generally outline the intended uses o
71. mpetition WARNING Bicycles and bicycle parts have limitations with regard to strength and integrity and this type of riding can exceed those limitations We recommend against this type of riding because of the increased risks but if you choose to take the risk at least e Take lessons from a competent instructor first e Start with easy learning exercises and slowly develop your skills before trying more difficult or dangerous riding e Use only designated areas for stunts jumping racing or fast downhill riding e Wear a full face helmet safety pads and other safety gear e Understand and recognize that the stresses imposed on your bike by this kind of activity may break or damage parts of the bicycle and void the warranty e Take your bicycle to your dealer if anything breaks or bends Do not ride your bicycle when any part is damaged If you ride downhill at speed do stunt riding or ride in competition know the limits of your skill and experience Ultimately avoiding injury is your responsibility G Changing Components or Adding Accessories There are many components and accessories available to enhance the comfort performance and appearance of your bicycle However if you change components or add accessories you do so at your own risk The bicycle s manufacturer may not have tested that component or accessory for compatibility reliability or safety on your bicycle Before installing any component or accessory includi
72. mping force turning it counterclockwise while keeping the cam lever from rotating reduces clamping force Less than half a turn of the tension adjusting nut can make the difference between safe and unsafe clamping force 28 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual WARNING The full force of the cam action is needed to clamp the seat post securely Holding the nut with one hand and turning the lever like a wing nut with the other hand until everything is as tight as you can get it will not clamp the seat post safely WARNING If you can fully close the cam lever without wrapping your fingers around the seat post or a frame tube for leverage and the lever does not leave a clear imprint in the palm of your hand the tension is insufficient Open the lever turn the tension adjusting nut clockwise a quarter turn then try again C Brakes There are three general types of bicycle brakes rim brakes which operate by squeezing the wheel rim between two brake pads disc brakes which operate by squeezing a hub mounted disc between two brake pads and internal hub brakes All three can be operated by way of a handlebar mounted lever On some models of bicycle the internal hub brake is operated by pedaling backwards This is called a Coaster Brake and is described in Appendix C WARNING 1 Riding with improperly adjusted brakes worn brake pads or wheels on which the rim wear mark is visible is dangerous and can result in serious injury or
73. mportant to your safety that you learn and remember which brake lever controls which brake on your bike Traditionally the right brake lever controls the rear brake and the left brake lever controls the front brake but to make sure your bike s brakes are set up this way squeeze one brake lever and look to see which brake front or rear engages Now do the same with the other brake lever Make sure that your hands can reach and squeeze the brake levers comfortably If your hands are too small to operate the levers comfortably consult your dealer before riding the bike The lever reach may be adjustable or you may need a different brake lever design Most rim brakes have some form of quick release mechanism to allow the brake pads to clear the tire when a wheel is removed or reinstalled When the brake quick release is in the open position the brakes are inoperative Ask your dealer to make sure that you understand the way the brake quick release works on your bike see figs 12 13 14 amp 15 and check each time to make sure both brakes work correctly before you get on the bike 2 How brakes work The braking action of a bicycle is a function of the friction between the braking surfaces To make sure that you have maximum friction available keep your wheel rims and brake pads or the disk rotor and caliper clean and free of dirt lubricants waxes or polishes Brakes are designed to control your speed not just to stop the
74. n find in the following list rans 4th priority torques that are printed on the screws nuts and bolts heads Gear shift lever STI SL Fixing screws ss ON 5 Gear shift lever on Fixing screw 3 Nm crewed Components Tightening Tor ae a a Iy petals ttl a ce Carbon handlebar Pedal crankset steel 30 Nm T V brake BR Fixing screw welded socket 5 Nm Pedal crankset aluminium 30 Nm ee ee Pedals 30Nm Inner cable Was screw 6 Nm Wheel front 05 Nm Brake pad fixing bolt 8 Nm Wheel rear 40 Nm Caliper brake BR Fixing screw 5 Nm Stem clamp spindle 15 Nm Inner cable fixing screw 6 Nm A head clamping screw 9 Nm Brake pad fixing bolt 8 Nm Seat post clamp screw M8 20 Nm Cantilever brake BR Fixing screw welded socket 5 Nm Seat post clamp screw M6 14 Nm Inner cable fixing screw 6 Nm Saddle support clam 20 Nm Brake pad fixing bolt 8 Nm Dynamo mountin 10 Nm Brake Lever Clip fixing screw 6 Nm The following are different for carbon frames Brake lever on Fixing screw 3 Nm Derailleur clamp fixing screw om Rear wheel hub FH Freewheeling body fixing screws 40 Nm B x I Seca eS re ae AXING SCEN S a Inner bearing BB BB cup right and left 50 Nm rake lever fixing screw 3 Nm D ee es eee ee eee Inner bearing BB Plastic BB cup right and left 30 Nm Clamp handlebar handlebar stem 5 Nm we ee ll Inner bearing BB BB cup right and left 50 Nm Clamp handlebar fork shaft 4 Nm ON We recommend the use of plastic mounting paste under the componen
75. n pedals are another means to keep feet securely in the correct position for maximum pedaling efficiency They have a plate called a cleat on the sole of the shoe which clicks into a mating spring loaded fixture on the pedal They only engage or disengage with a very specific motion which must be practiced until it becomes instinctive Clipless pedals require shoes and cleats which are compatible with the make and model pedal being used 42 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual Many clipless pedals are designed to allow the rider to adjust the amount of force needed to engage or disengage the foot Follow the pedal manufacturer s instructions or ask your dealer to show you how to make this adjustment Use the easiest setting until engaging and disengaging becomes a reflex action but always make sure that there is sufficient tension to prevent unintended release of your foot from the pedal iN WARNING Clipless pedals are intended for use with shoes specifically made to fit them and are designed to firmly keep the foot engaged with the pedal Do not use shoes which do not engage the pedals correctly Practice is required to learn to engage and disengage the foot safely Until engaging and disengaging the foot becomes a reflex action the technique requires concentration which can distract your attention and cause you to lose control and fall Practice engaging and disengaging clipless pedals ina place where there are no obst
76. nces of an accident and possible injury it is critical that you have any repair or maintenance which is not specifically described in this manual performed by your dealer Equally important is that your individual maintenance requirements will be determined by everything from your riding style to geographic location Consult your dealer for help in determining your maintenance requirements WARNING Many bicycle service and repair tasks require special knowledge and tools Do not begin any adjustments or service on your bicycle until you have learned from your dealer how to properly complete them Improper adjustment or service may result in damage to the bicycle or in an accident which can cause serious injury or death If you want to learn to do major service and repair work on your bike 1 Ask your dealer for copies of the manufacturer s installation and service instructions for the components on your bike or contact the component manufacturer 2 Ask your dealer to recommend a book on bicycle repair 3 Ask your dealer about the availability of bicycle repair courses in your area We recommend that you ask your dealer to check the quality of your work the first time you work on something and before you ride the bike just to make sure that you did everything correctly Since that will require the time of a mechanic there may be a modest charge for this service We also recommend that you ask your dealer for guidance on what spar
77. ng a different size tire make sure that it is compatible with your bicycle by checking with your dealer Be sure to read 16 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual understand and follow the instructions that accompany the products you purchase for your bicycle See also Appendix A p 35 and B p 41 WARNING Failure to confirm compatibility properly install operate and maintain any component or accessory can result in serious injury or death WARNING Changing the components on your bike with other than genuine replacement parts may compromise the safety of your bicycle and may void the warranty Check with your dealer before changing the components on your bike 3 Fit NOTE Correct fit is an essential element of bicycling safety performance and comfort Making the adjustments to your bicycle which result in correct fit for your body and riding conditions requires experience skill and special tools Always have your dealer make the adjustments on your bicycle or if you have the experience skill and tools have your dealer check your work before riding WARNING If your bicycle does not fit properly you may lose control and fall If your new bike doesn t fit ask your dealer to exchange it before you ride it A Standover Height 1 Diamond frame bicycles Standover height is the basic element of bike fit See It is the distance from the ground to the top of the bicycle s frame at that point where your crotch
78. not a be a well maintained bicycle will be very quiet and free of crack but whatever is caus creaks and squeaks ing the noise should be fixed promptly In most cases a fatigue crack is not a defect It is a sign that the part has been worn out a sign the part has reached the end of its useful life When your car tires wear down to the point that the tread bars are contacting the road those tires are not defective Those tires are worn out and the tread bar says time for replacement When a metal part shows a fatigue crack it is worn out The crack says time for replacement Fatigue Is Not A Perfectly Predictable Science Fatigue is not a perfectly predictable science but here are some general factors to help you and your dealer determine how often your bicycle should be inspected The more you fit the shorten product life profile the more frequent your need to inspect The more you fit the lengthen product life profile the less frequent your need to inspect Factors that shorten product life O Hard harsh riding style O Hits crashes jumps other shots to the bike Ol High mileage O Higher body weight O Stronger more fit more aggressive rider O Corrosive environment wet salt air winter road salt accumulated sweat CO Presence of abrasive mud dirt sand soil in riding environment Factors that lengthen product life Smooth fluid riding style No hits crashes jumps other
79. nsion the increased speed you may develop also increases your risk of losing control and falling Get to know how to handle your bike safely before trying increased speed or more difficult terrain 2 Wear safety gear appropriate to the kind of riding you plan to do 3 Don t ride alone in remote areas Even when riding with others make sure that someone knows where you re going and when you expect to be back 4 Always take along some kind of identification so that people know who you are in case of an accident and take along some cash for food a cool drink or an emergency phone call 5 Yield right of way to pedestrians and animals Ride in a way that does not frighten or endanger them and give them enough room so that their unexpected moves don t endanger you 6 Be prepared If something goes wrong while you re riding off road help may not be close 7 Before you attempt to jump do stunt riding or race with your bike read and understand Section 2 F Safety 13 Off Road Respect Obey the local laws regulating where and how you can ride off road and respect private property You may be sharing the trail with others hikers equestrians other cyclists Respect their rights Stay on the designated trail Don t contribute to erosion by riding in mud or with unnecessary sliding Don t disturb the ecosystem by cutting your own trail or shortcut through vegetation or streams It is your responsibility to minimize yo
80. ody back with your right hand 4 With a cam action mechanism move the quick release lever to the OPEN position fig 8b With a through bolt or bolt on mechanism loosen the fastener s with an appropriate wrench lock lever or integral lever then push the wheel forward far enough to be able to remove the chain from the rear sprocket 5 Lift the rear wheel off the ground a few inches and remove it from the rear dropouts d Installing a disk brake or rim brake Rear Wheel CAUTION If your bike is equipped with a rear disk brake be careful not to damage the disk caliper or brake pads when re inserting the disk into the caliper Never activate a disk brake s control lever unless the disk is correctly inserted in the caliper 1 With a cam action system move the cam lever to the OPEN position see fig 8 a amp b The lever should be on the side of the wheel opposite the derailleur and freewheel sprockets 2 On a derailleur bike make sure that the rear derailleur is still in its outermost high gear position then pull the derailleur body back with your right hand Put the chain on top of the smallest freewheel sprocket 3 On single speed remove the chain from the front sprocket so that you have plenty of slack in the chain Put the chain on the rear wheel sprocket 4 Then insert the wheel into the frame dropouts and pull it all the way in to the dropouts 5 On a single speed or an internal gear hub replace the
81. orted along with the characteristics of the metal rather than seeking a simplistic answer Metals vary widely in their resistance to corrosion Steel must be protected or rust will attack it Aluminum and Titanium quickly develop an oxide film that protects the metal from further corrosion Both are therefore quite resistant to corrosion Aluminum is not perfectly corrosion resistant and particular care must be used where it contacts other metals and galvanic corrosion can occur Metals are comparatively ductile Ductile means bending buckling and stretching before breaking Generally speaking of the common bicycle frame building materials steel is the most ductile titanium less ductile followed by aluminum Metals vary in density Density is weight per unit of material Steel weighs 7 8 grams cm3 grams per cubic centimeter titanium 4 5 grams cm3 aluminum 2 75 grams cm3 Contrast these numbers with carbon fiber composite at 1 45 grams cms Metals are subject to fatigue With enough cycles of use at high enough loads metals will eventually develop cracks that lead to failure It is very important that you read The basics of metal fatigue below Let s say you hit a curb ditch rock car another cyclist or other object At any speed above a fast walk your body will continue to move forward momentum carrying you over the front of the bike You cannot and will not stay on the bike and what happens to the frame fork and other compon
82. osition with your right hand tighten the tension adjusting nut with your left hand until it is finger tight against the fork dropout fig 8a If you have a cam and cup system the nut and cup fig 8b will have snapped into the recessed area of the fork dropouts and no adjustment should be required 4 While pushing the wheel firmly to the top of the slots in the fork dropouts and at the same time centering the wheel rim in the fork a With a cam action system move the cam lever upwards and swing it into the CLOSED position fig 8a amp b The lever should now be parallel to the fork blade and curved toward the wheel To apply enough clamping force you should have to wrap your fingers around the fork blade for leverage and the lever should leave a clear imprint in the palm of your hand b With a through bolt or bolt on system tighten the fasteners to the torque specifications in Appendix D or the hub manufacturer s instructions NOTE If on a traditional cam action system the lever cannot be pushed all the way to a position parallel to the fork blade return the lever to the OPEN position Then turn the tension adjusting nut counterclockwise one quarter turn and try tightening the lever again 5 With a through bolt or bolt on system tighten the fasteners to the torque specifications in Appendix D or the hub manufacturer s instructions WARNING Securely clamping the wheel with a cam action retention device takes
83. our dealer to check the adjustment every six months Do not use a cam and cup front wheel on any bicycle other than the one for which your dealer adjusted it 3 Removing and Installing wheels AN WARNING If your bike is equipped with a hub brake such as a rear coaster brake front or rear drum band or roller brake or if it has an internal gear rear hub do not attempt to remove the wheel The removal and re installation of most hub brakes and internal gear hubs requires special knowledge Incorrect removal or assembly can result in brake or gear failure which can cause you to lose control and fall CAUTION If your bike has a disc brake exercise care in touching the rotor or caliper Disc rotors have sharp edges and both rotor and caliper can get very hot during use a Removing a disk brake or rim brake Front Wheel 1 If your bike has rim brakes disengage the brake s quick release mechanism to increase the clearance between the tire and the brake pads See Section 4 C fig 11 through 15 2 If your bike has cam action front wheel retention move the cam lever from the locked or CLOSED position to the OPEN position figs 8a amp b If your bike has through bolt or bolt on front wheel retention loosen the fastener s a few turns counter clockwise using an appropriate wrench lock key or the integral lever 3 If your front fork has a clip on type secondary retention device disengage it and go to step 4 If your front
84. pedals sharp surfaces Based on your riding style or skill level you may prefer a less aggressive pedal design or chose to ride with shin pads Your dealer can show you a number of options and make suitable recommendations 3 Toeclips and straps are a means to keep feet correctly positioned and engaged with the pedals The toeclip positions the ball of the foot over the pedal spindle which gives maximum pedaling power The toe strap when tightened keeps the foot engaged throughout the rotation cycle of the pedal While toeclips and straps give some benefit with any kind of shoe they work most effectively with cycling shoes designed for use with toeclips Your dealer can explain how toeclips and straps work Shoes with deep treaded soles or welts which might make it more difficult for you to insert or remove your foot should not be used with toeclips and straps WARNING Getting into and out of pedals with toeclips and straps requires skill which can only be acquired with practice Until it becomes a reflex action the technique requires concentration which can distract your attention and cause you to lose control and fall Practice the use of toeclips and straps where there are no obstacles hazards or traffic Keep the straps loose and don t tighten them until your technique and confidence in getting in and out of the pedals warrants it Never ride in traffic with your toe straps tight 4 Clipless pedals sometimes called step i
85. ply brakes and your weight is transferred forward you need to shift your body toward the rear of the bike to transfer weight back on to the rear wheel and at the same time you need to both decrease rear braking and increase front braking force This is even more important on descents because descents shift weight forward Two keys to effective speed control and safe stopping are controlling wheel lockup and weight transfer This weight transfer is even more pronounced if your bike has a front suspension fork Front suspension dips under braking increasing the weight transfer see also Section 4 F Practice braking and weight transfer techniques where there is no traffic or other hazards and distractions Everything changes when you ride on loose surfaces or in wet weather It will take longer to stop on loose surfaces or in wet weather Tire adhesion is reduced so the wheels have less cornering and braking traction and can lock up with less brake force Moisture or dirt on the brake pads reduces their ability to grip The way to maintain control on loose or wet surfaces is to go more slowly Adjusting the brakes Your bicycle s brakes have been correctly adjusted in the factory or by your dealer The gap between the brake block and the wheel rim is approx 1 1 5 mm However the brake blocks are subject to wear so that the gap becomes ever larger and the brake lever travel becomes longer The brakes must therefore be checked
86. r a suspension adjustment by taking a careful test ride in a hazard free area Suspension can increase control and comfort by allowing the wheels to better follow the terrain This enhanced capability may allow you to ride faster but you must not confuse the enhanced capabilities of the bicycle with your own capabilities as a rider Increasing your skill will take time and practice Proceed carefully until you have learned to handle the full capabilities of your bike Tech 43 WARNING Not all bicycles can be safely retrofitted with some types of suspension systems Before retrofitting a bicycle with any suspension check with the bicycle s manufacturer to make sure that what you want to do is compatible with the bicycle s design Failing to do so can result in catastrophic frame failure G Tires and Tubes 1 Tires Bicycle tires are available in many designs and specifications ranging from general purpose designs to tires designed to perform best under very specific weather or terrain conditions If once you ve gained experience with your new bike you feel that a different tire might better suit your riding needs your dealer can help you select the most appropriate design The size pressure rating and on some high performance tires the specific recommended use are marked on the sidewall of the tire See fig 17 The part of this information which is most important to you is Tire Pressure WARNING Never inflate a tire oS
87. re riding make sure that the brake is working properly If it is not working properly have the bicycle checked by your dealer before you ride it WARNING If your bike has only a coaster brake ride conservatively A single rear brake does not have the stopping power of front and rear brake systems 2 Adjusting your coaster brake Coaster brake service and adjustment requires special tools and special knowledge Do not attempt to disassemble or service your coaster brake Take the bicycle to your dealer for coaster brake service 62 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual Appendix C Coaster Brake 63 Appendix D Bicycle Inspection Plan 50 miles after purchase after that at least once a year After each use of the bicycle After every 250 miles After 600 miles After 2000 miles Maintenance Check Check and inspect O Tires and wheels Have the tightening torques of the following checked O handlebar O pedals O pedal cranks O saddle Oi seat post and O screws Have the following components adjusted O headset O gear shifters O brakes O suspension elements Check and inspect O spokes O tires for objects O wheel rims for wear and roundness O quick releases O brakes 0 gear shifters and suspension function O lights O bell Have the following checked for wear and have them replaced if necessary O bicycle chain O rear sprockets O chain sprockets O wheel rims O brake pads O Clean the bicyc
88. s the traditional over center cam fig 8a and the cam and cup system fig 8b Both use an over center cam action to clamp the bike s wheel in place Your bicycle may have a cam and cup front wheel retention system and a traditional rear wheel cam action system a Adjusting the traditional cam action mechanism fig 8a The wheel hub is clamped in place by the force of the over center cam pushing against one dropout and pulling the tension adjusting nut by way of the skewer against the other dropout The amount of clamping force is 24 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual controlled by the tension adjusting nut Turning the tension adjusting nut clockwise while keeping the cam lever from rotating increases clamping force turning it counterclockwise while keeping the cam lever from rotating reduces clamping force Less than half a turn of the tension adjusting nut can make the difference between safe clamping force and unsafe clamping force AN WARNING The full force of the cam action is needed to clamp the wheel securely Holding the nut with one hand and turning the lever like a wing nut with the other hand until everything is as tight as you can get it will not clamp a cam action wheel safely in the dropouts See also the first WARNING in this Section p 18 b Adjusting the cam and cup mechanism fig 8b The cam and cup system on your front wheel will have been correctly adjusted for your bicycle by your dealer Ask y
89. s to the correct torque Bolts that are too tight can stretch and deform Bolts that are too loose can move and fatigue Either mistake can lead to a sudden failure of the bolt causing you to lose control and fall Your dealer can also change the angle of the handlebar or bar end extensions A WARNING An insufficiently tightened stem clamp bolt handlebar 6 clamp bolt or bar end extension clamping bolt may compromise steering action which could cause you to lose control and fall Place the front wheel of the bicycle between your legs and attempt to twist the handlebar stem assembly If you can twist the stem in relation to the front wheel turn the handlebars in relation to the stem or turn the bar end extensions in relation to the handlebar the bolts are insufficiently tightened D Control position adjustments The angle of the brake and shift control levers and their position on the handlebars can be changed Ask your dealer to make the adjustments for you If you choose to make your own control lever angle adjustment be sure to re tighten the clamp fasteners to the recommended torque Appendix D or the manufacturer s instructions E Brake reach Many bikes have brake levers which can be adjusted for reach If you have small hands or find it difficult to squeeze the brake levers your dealer can either adjust the reach or fit shorter reach brake levers WARNING The shorter the brake lever reach the more critical it is to
90. sed risk of injury or death Not all bicycles are designed for these types of riding and those that are may not be suitable for all types of aggressive riding Check with your dealer or the bicycle s manufacturer about the suitability of your bicycle before engaging in extreme riding Safety 15 When riding fast down hill you can reach speeds achieved by motorcycles and therefore face similar hazards and risks Have your bicycle and equipment carefully inspected by a qualified mechanic and be sure it is in perfect condition Consult with expert riders area site personnel and race officials on conditions and equipment advisable at the site where you plan to ride Wear appropriate safety gear including an approved full face helmet full finger gloves and body armor Ultimately it is your responsibility to have proper equipment and to be familiar with course conditions WARNING Although many catalogs advertisements and articles about bicycling depict riders engaged in extreme riding this activity is extremely dangerous increases your risk of injury or death and increases the severity of any injury Remember that the action depicted is being performed by professionals with many years of training and experience Know your limits and always wear a helmet and other appropriate safety gear Even with state of the art protective safety gear you could be seriously injured or killed when jumping stunt riding riding downhill at speed or in co
91. t any speed above a fast walk your body will continue to move forward the momentum carrying you over the front of the bike You cannot and will not stay on the bike and what happens to the frame fork and other components is irrelevant to what happens to your body What should you expect from your carbon frame It depends on many complex factors But we can tell you that if the impact is hard enough the fork or frame may be completely broken Note the significant difference in behavior between carbon and metal See Section 2 A Understanding metals in this Appendix Even if the carbon frame was twice as strong as a metal frame once the carbon frame is overloaded it will not bend it will break completely Inspection of Composite Frame Fork and Components Cracks Inspect for cracks broken or splintered areas Any crack is serious Do not ride any bicycle or component that has a crack of any size Delamination Delamination is serious damage Composites are made from layers of fabric Delamination means that the layers of fabric are no longer bonded together Do not ride any bicycle or component that has any delamination These are some delamination clues 1 cloudy or white area This kind of area looks different from the ordinary undamaged areas Undamaged areas will look glassy shiny or deep as if one was looking into a clear liquid Delaminated areas will look opaque and cloudy 2 Bulging or deformed shape If del
92. the disc may be hot after braking therefore do not touch them during or immediately after riding as you could burn yourself Before adjusting the brakes check that the parts have cooled down sufficiently Your bicycle may be fitted with a disc brake only when appropriate fixings are present on the frame and on the fork If in doubt consult a dealer If the brake blocks have come into contact with oil or grease they must be replaced If the brake disc has come into contact with oil or grease it must be cleaned otherwise braking efficiency may be strongly impaired Check whether or not the quick release lever is located on the right hand side opposite side to the brake disc If the quick release lever is located on the same side as the brake disc there is a danger that the lever and the brake disc could impair one another A worn cracked or bent brake disc must be replaced Consult a dealer If the thickness of the brake block is less than 0 5 mm it must be replaced 2mm 0 5 mm Brake block a Brake disk Rio Hydraulic Disc Brakes The hydraulic oil pressure disc brake has a fluid reservoir on the brake lever The hydraulic fluid is fed to the calipers via a tube The brake blocks are thus pressed against the wheel rim via the brake pistons This is a low maintenance type of brake Carry out a braking test after each adjustment by pushing the bicycle strongly whilst pulling the brake lever Only use your bicycle when it
93. the end of its usable life can result in wheel failure which can cause you to loose control and fall O Brakes Check the brakes for proper operation see Sections 4 C Squeeze the brake levers Are the brake quick releases closed All control cables seated and securely engaged If you have rim brakes do the brake pads contact the wheel rim squarely and make full contact with the rim Do the brakes begin to engage within an inch of brake lever movement Can you apply full braking force at the levers without having them touch the handlebar If not your brakes need adjustment Do not ride the bike until the brakes are properly adjusted by a professional bicycle mechanic O Wheel retention system Make sure the front and rear wheels are correctly secured See Section 4 A O Seat post If your seat post has an over center cam action fastener for easy height adjustment check that it is properly adjusted and in the locked position See Section 4 B O0 Handlebar and saddle alignment Make sure the saddle and handlebar stem are parallel to the bike s center line and clamped tight enough so that you can t twist them out of alignment See Sections 3 B and 3 C O Handlebar ends Make sure the handlebar grips are secure and in good condition If not have your dealer replace them Make sure the handlebar ends and extensions are plugged If not have your dealer plug them before you ride If the handlebars have bar end extensions make sure they are
94. ts 66 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual Appendix E Tightening Torques Tire Pressure Lighting Systems 67 Tightening torques of Shimano components Continued Lighting Systems Article Specification Tightening Torque Type Power supply Crank assembly FC Crank arm fixing screw 35 Nm Headlamp neon bulb 6 Volt 2 4 Watt Chain sprocket fixing screw 10 Nm Headlamp ss 6 Volt 2 4 Watt HS3 Rear light w parking light 6 Volt 0 6 Watt Pedals F Pedal axl 35 N i a Rear light 6 Volt 0 6 Watt Cassettes HG 0 Fixing ring SON Rear light D toplight plus diode carrier rear light Quick release see page 7 w LEDs no bulb We recommend the use of plastic mounting paste under the components Dynamo right left hand 6 Volt 3 Watt Hub dynamo 6 Volt 3 Watt Tires and tire pressure A Observe any differing manufacturer s specifications The tires and inner tubes could otherwise be damaged prerequisite in case of warranty claims Conversion table Bar PSI Tire width Recommended Tire Pressure 20mm 9 0 Bar 130 psi 23mm 8 0 Bar 115 psi 25mm 7 0 Bar 100 psi 28mm 6 0 Bar 85 psi 30mm 5 5 Bar 80 psi 32mm 5 0 Bar 70 psi 35mm 4 5 Bar 65 psi 37mm 4 5 Bar 65 psi 40mm 4 0 Bar 55 psi 42mm 4 0 Bar 55 psi 44mm 3 5 Bar 50 psi 47mm 3 5 Bar 50 psi 50mm 3 0 Bar 45 psi 54mm 2 5 Bar 35 psi 5 mm 2 2 Bar 32 psi 60mm 2 0 Bar 30 psi 68 Focus Bicycles Bicycle Owner s Manual Appendix E Tightening Torques Tire Pressure Lighting Systems FOCU
95. ur impact on the environment Leave things as you found them and always take out everything you brought in D Wet Weather Riding WARNING Wet weather impairs traction braking and visibility both for the bicyclist and for other vehicles sharing the road The risk of an accident is dramatically increased in wet conditions Under wet conditions the stopping power of your brakes as well as the brakes of other vehicles sharing the road is dramatically reduced and your tires don t grip nearly as well This makes it harder to control speed and easier to lose control To make sure that you can slow down and stop safely in wet conditions ride more slowly and apply your brakes earlier and more gradually than you would under normal dry conditions See also Section 4 C E Night Riding Riding a bicycle at night is much more dangerous than riding during the day A bicyclist is very difficult for motorists and pedestrians to see Therefore children should never ride at dawn at dusk or at night Adults who chose to accept the greatly increased risk of riding at dawn at dusk or at night need to take extra care both riding and choosing specialized equipment which helps reduce that risk Consult your dealer about night riding safety equipment WARNING Reflectors are not a substitute for required lights Riding at dawn at dusk at night or at other times of poor visibility without an adequate bicycle lighting system and without reflectors is dang
96. ved the shifter to the gear position of your choice ease the pressure on the pedals for an instant to allow the hub to complete the shift b Which gear should I be in The numerically lowest gear 1 is for the steepest hills The numerically larg t gear is for the greatest speed Shifting from an easier slower gear like 1 to a harder faster gear like 2 or 3 is called an upshift Shifting from a harder faster gear to an easier slower gear is called a downshift It is not necessary to shift gears in sequence Instead find the starting gear for the conditions a gear which is hard enough for quick acceleration but easy enough to let you start from a stop without wobbling and experiment with upshifting and downshifting to get a feel for the different gears At first practice shifting where there are no obstacles hazards or other traffic until you ve built up your confidence Learn to anticipate the need to shift and shift to a lower gear before the hill gets too steep If you have difficulties with shifting the problem could be mechanical adjustment See your dealer for help c What if it won t shift gears If moving the shift control one click repeatedly fails to result in a smooth shift to the next gear chances are that the mechanism is out of adjustment Take the bike to your dealer to have it adjusted Tech 37 Guide to Shifting Gears LT ee alt from larger to smaller chain sprock
97. ving parts of the bicycle causing you to lose control 9 Never carry a passenger unless it is a small child wearing an approved helmet and secured in a correctly mounted child carrier or a child carrying trailer 10 Never carry anything which obstructs your vision or your complete control of the bicycle or which could become entangled in the moving parts of the bicycle 11 Never hitch a ride by holding on to another vehicle 12 Don t do stunts wheelies or jumps If you intend to do stunts wheelies jumps or go racing with your bike despite our advice not to read Section 2 F Downhill Stunt or Competition Biking now Think carefully about your skills before deciding to take the large risks that go with this kind of riding 13 Don t weave through traffic or make any moves that may surprise people with whom you are sharing the road 14 Observe and yield the right of way 15 Never ride your bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs 16 If possible avoid riding in bad weather when visibility is obscured at dawn dusk or in the dark or when extremely tired Each of these conditions increases the risk of accident C Off Road Safety We recommend that children not ride on rough terrain unless they are accompanied by an adult 1 The variable conditions and hazards of off road riding require close attention and specific skills Start slowly on easier terrain and build up your skills If your bike has suspe

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