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Four-channel Pulse Counting Detector Controller User Manual

1. L Analog MEE O HV module module outputs Pulser outputs 1 2 V 25V 43 3 V 45V 5V 412V Fan 24 V in DC DC converters 12V 12 V eo gt eo gt o o oo gt Preamp power D outputs o o eo gt eo gt Figure 29 C400 block schematic The second FPGA is on the main board and handles all the specific tasks such as discriminator logic scalers encoder pulse counting and all DAC and ADC management C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 49 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics The high voltage outputs include 100 usec RC filters to reduce ripple The high voltage readback is taken from resistive dividers directly on the outputs 24 VDC input power enters via a 1 1 A resettable fuse and is used directly to power the cooling fan The 24 V input is protected against polarity reversal by a series diode and from transients by series inductors and transorbs to chassis which limit excursions to 6 V not shown on the block schematic DC DC converters generate the 12 VDC supplies for the pre amplifier outputs 12 VDC for the high voltage modules 5 VDC for the discriminators and 43 3 VDC 42 5 VDC and 1 2 VDC for the digital circuits The pre amplifier power outputs are individually protected by 200 mA resettable fuses C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 50 of 107 PSI Sys
2. 4x PREAMP POWER OUT DB9F 4x HV OUT SHV 4x SIGNAL IN LEMO EPL 00 250 NTN 4x HV ON LED e e 43 7 1U o 9 o 482 6 19 E FRONT VIEW RS 232 RS 485 FIBER OPTIC RX ST STATUS LEDs 4x MONITOR OUTPUTS FIBER OPTIC TX ST GATE SYNCH OUT BNC RESET SWITCH COMMS SELECTOR GATE IN BNC 24VDC ADDRESS SELECTOR ENCODER INPUT POWER IN ETHERNET M4 GROUND LUG KS AND 2 QGOQOOwdGOO0O0QOOO LJe REAR VIEW Figure 3 C400 front and rear panels Dimensions mm C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 18 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics PT 42 5 TOP VIEW Figure 4 C400 case plan and side views Dimensions mm C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 19 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 8 Installation 8 1 Mounting The C400 is intended for 19 rack mounting but may be mounted in any orientation or may be simply placed on a level surface A fixed mounting to a secure frame is recommended in a permanent installation for best low current performance as this can be degraded by movement and vibration The mounting position should allow sufficient access to connectors and cable bend radii 60 mm minimum clearance is recommended at front and back of the device Best performance will be achieved if the C400 is in a temperature controlled environment
3. 4 Models C400 Four channel pulse counting detector controller nXP20 10 5 2 Add positive 0 to 2000V 1000 V 500 V 200 V HV outputs to n channels nXN20 10 5 2 Add negative 0 to 2000V 1000V 500 V 200 V HV outputs to n channels Example C400 4XN20 C400 with four 2000V negative auxiliary high voltage outputs C400 User Manual C400_UM_131220 Page 10 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 5 Scope of Supply C400 model as specified in your order PSU24 40 1 24 VDC power supply USB memory stick containing C400 User manual PTC DiagnosticG2 software installation files Terminal emulation program for testing ASCII communication Test data Optional items as specified in your order C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 11 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 6 Optional Items 6 1 Power supplies PSU24 45 1 24 VDC 45W PSU universal voltage input plug receptacle for standard IEC C14 three pin socket with output lead terminated in 2 1mm threaded jack PD 8 Eight output 24 VDC power supply unit 19 rack mounting 6 2 Signal cables and cable accessories CAB LCO xx LCO Cable coaxial signal Lemo 00 plug to Lemo 00 plug xx m long CAB SHV xx SHV Cable coaxial HV SHV to SHV xx m long 6 3 Data cables AB450K R RS 232 6 pin DIN male to 9 pin D sub female adaptor Figure 1 Serial adaptor cable Fiber optic cable pair 1 mm plastic fiber ST terminated
4. eere eee e esent esten tatnen einen stas tasto senses essen suu 60 Figure 38 Deadtime measurement using a controllable intensity source eere esee eene nennen tn etntnue 61 Figure 39 Pulse shapes from a LaCl scintillation detector as seen by the C400 with CP10 A pre amplifier upper traces and CP10 B pre amplifier lower traces 4 ceres cete cete eene eene enne en setas eta stas tas tens enu 63 Figure 40 Test pulser LED connection eere eese ee eene teens assesses etas tn sensns esses senses sensns enses enses sensus 64 Figure 41 Differential quadrature signals from a shaft encoder clockwise movemennt esee 65 Figure 42 Encoder signals when no differential signals are available e eeeeeeeeee reete ene tnnt 66 Figure 43 Example bias circuit for encoder inputs when no differential signals are available 66 Figure cM pops 71 Figure 45 Imntermal BL TS RR esos ss aoso ea ss Sts 72 Figure 46 Device name assignment eere eene ee eee eene essen sensns tosta sens enatis sese tn sensns enses sesenta con ron noc senses eese tn snae 73 IgE FEE A DD 75 Figure 48 RS 232 cable C400 to PC eerie eese eee ee eene ennt tnn tata eint insta sensns enses esses senten sensns enses essen suae 76 Figure 49 RS 485 cable C4
5. Measuring 23 5 Overflow mask 0 Channel A overflow 1 Channel B overflow 2 Channel C overflow 3 Channel D overflow C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 84 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 23 6 Using PuTTY to test the serial ASCII connection Microsoft Windows no longer includes a terminal emulator that you can use to test the ASCII communications Various public domain programs are available to perform this task Pyramid has tested PuTTY and Realterm with the C400 The following screenshots show the configuration of PuTTY with 115kbps baud rate Figure 50 Setup of PuTTY for ASCII serial communication with the C400 C400 User Manual f PuTTYtel Reconfiguration x f PuTTYtel Reconfiguration x Sager Category E Session Options controlling the terminal emulation EJ Session Options controlling the effects of keys L Logging Setvarious terminal options L Po Change the sequences sent by Keyboard 7 Auto wrap mode initially on T The Backspace key Bell DEC Origin Mode initially on Bell 9 ControkH Control 127 Features Implicit CR in every LF Features The Home and End keys aa dd Y Implicit LE in every CR WIE jie a 9 Standard The Function keys and keypad 7 Use b d colour te El ys ypa inki ranslation n g Translation aan TEN Cx Selection Answerbackto E Selection Colours PuTTY Colours Application keypad sett
6. C400 Four channel Pulse Counting Detector Controller User Manual Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc 1050 Waltham Street Suite 200 Lexington MA 02421 USA US TEL 781 402 1700 FAX 781 402 1750 EMAIL SUPPORTOPTCUSA COM Europe TEL 44 1273 492001 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 1 Contents 1 CONTENTS T FE 2 2 EIGURES ietesecees se eee teh o ONE NER e SEHE PER ERES URN NQRE E INR RE e baec ER EE PAS SU PRENNE S SERE RUIN NO DM UR EE SHE TE Re LUE 6 3 SAFETY INFORMATION is ccsissacisecccstscecescsessctsvsbsstesssececssolecseseutecosssedcessaessoeusedsessasetdsesevebbeuseaesecsecses sssbossecee 8 4 ANNA 10 5 SCOPE OF SUPPLY e 11 6 OPTIONAL ITEMS eceicsoeeeeessbaeeeeeses ENT 12 OL POWERSSUPPEIES sa ode dts ld anto te diae ami e dh Mando e Ea NE en M Ree cod A De Ida 12 6 2 SIGNAL CABLES AND CABLE ACCESSORIES cccccccccncncnononononononononononononnnnonononnnnonononononononononononononononononoconeceninanes 12 6 3 DATA CABLES tia 12 6 4 POWER AND CONTROE CABLES ninnaa e r a a ara aii 12 6 5 ud 3 EP VEZ BUE SES SRM 12 6 6 FIBER OPTIC LOOP 5 eere tett co Rete eerte eere tete aee eee en theron tede d pee eee en ee ere teet ea e 13 7 INTENDED USE AND KEY FEATURES eene eee eene eese en eset etos ette anos ette ness seen eese e eese esee ee eee ense seen eee eee 14 T INTEND
7. The C400 is compatible with many pre amplifiers and can provide power to any that require 12 VDC at no more than 100 mA The Pyramid CP10 A and CP10 B types are designed for use with the C400 It is important to choose an appropriate pre amplifier type for your application The C400 is a fast pulse counting device so an integrating pre amplifier is generally not suitable because pulses are converted into steps A wide band amplifier will preserve the fast pulse from your detector This means a low input impedance is required usually 50 ohms to minimize unwanted integration of the pulses on the capacitance of the detector plus the cable connecting it to the pre amplifier DC coupled pre amplifiers are preferred because they will suffer less from baseline shift at high count rates than AC coupled ones At first you might feel inclined to always use the highest bandwidth pre amplifier available but this is not the best strategy in all cases The high speed usually comes with a price in noise levels and DC offset Most important however is that excess bandwidth may simply expose characteristics of the detector output pulses that are detrimental to best pulse counting performance The following single pulses captured on a digital oscilloscope show the pulses from a LaCl scintillation detector amplified by the CP10 A and the faster CP10 B pre amplifier The bandwidth of the CP10 A is suited to this type of detector in the pulse counting applicat
8. 3 la PTC Diagnostic 5 6400 bono O sep system O stor system system 5 4 19216810053 c400 1 cop lo rea zero al stip Jn Viso State idle Waiting for Trigger Last Error Fiber message timeout Figure 12 Opening the C400 window 10 3 G2 Diagnostic Screen layout The top ribbon of the G2 Diagnostic window contains buttons that act on all connected devices g Discover g Stop System Q Start System Tile Windows 5 Initiate All Figure 13 G2 Diagnostic common controls Discover Launches the Discover Devices utility Stop System Halts messaging to all connected devices Start System Restarts messaging to all connected devices Tile Windows Arrange all open device windows into a tile pattern Initiate All Send the Initiate command simultaneously to all connected devices The C400 specific user interface screen is divided into four sections These are Top banner C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 33 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Graphic data display Data display and controls with multiple tabs and sub tabs Message area 10 3 1 Top banner The top banner contains the following indicators Comms bar When moving this indicates that messages from the C400 are being received by the PTCDiagnosticG2 The message frequency is displayed Connected
9. All C400 responses are terminated with CR LF The backspace is CTRL H ASCII char 8 The commands are grouped with a hierarchical structure with the levels separated by the colon character For example CONFigure PERiod 1e 2 This command configures the integration period to have a length of 10 milliseconds SCPI provides for a long and short form for each command The short forms are indicated by the capitalized part of the command Commands which have a query equivalent for readback are marked with in the following tables Parameters are generally passed to the C400 with the set version of the command but no parameters are passed for the query version For example CONFigure PERiod 1e 2 set the integration period to 10 msec CONFigure PERiod query the integration period In the following tables denotes a required argument denotes an optional argument C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 78 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 23 1 IEEE 488 2 Mandatory commands CLS Not supported ESE Not supported ESR Not supported IDN Identification Query C400 returns manufacturer model number serial number master firmware version individual firmware versions OPC Not supported RST Reset Command Restart the device software and return to the RST default conditions This command is not yet supported SRE Not supported STB Not su
10. No forced air cooling is required in addition to the unit s built in fan but free convection should be allowed around the back and sides of the case 8 2 Grounding and power supply A secure connection should be made using a ring lug from the M4 ground lug to local chassis potential This is the return path for any high voltage discharge passing via the C400 24 VDC power should be provided from a suitably rated power supply with the following minimum performance Output voltage 24 0 5 VDC Output current 1000 mA minimum 3000 mA maximum Ripple and noise lt 100 mV pk pk 1 Hz to 1 MHz Line regulation lt 240 mV The C400 includes an internal automatically re setting PTC fuse rated at 1 1 A However the external supply should in no circumstances be rated higher than the power connector limit of 5 A C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 20 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 8 3 Connection to signal source 8 3 1 Typical setup Figure 3 shows an example installation in schematic form A scintillator photomultiplier detector generates fast pulses when ionizing radiation interacts with the scintillator The pulses are negative going and ground referenced because we are measuring a current of electrons and the photomultiplier is biased with negative high voltage at the photocathode A pre amplifier such as the Pyramid CP10 amplifies the pulses and sends them over a coaxial cable to
11. oocoonoonoononnonncnononncanonncononacononoconncnnoncnonnconono con nou senses enses een suus 36 Figure 16 Increasing the low pass filtering of the displayed data erect reete enetnanne 37 Figure 17 Zero offset subtraction control inactive and active eee eese eese eee ee eene ee ates testas tenen snue 37 Figure 18 PIER IPC MA 38 Figure 19 Integration time control eere cesses estes eene teens tentes enses tosta sese ta stas en senses eese es sens tn sens enses essen etn suae 39 Figure 20 Channel setup parameters 1 esee eee eese eee eee ee eene nets testo stats states etas tn sensns esses senes seasons enses esses statuae 40 Figure 21 Trigger setup parameters eeeeeeeee eee eene eene tenens tns n ats enses sonent tns tn senses sesenta sensns ens enses eese sn sue 41 Figure 22 Other setup parameters eese eee eee eee eese teen tenens tna tn senatus tn dtan en sensns ens eos estes eese en sensns enses esses sensus 42 Figure 23 Discriminator sweep controls eere esee esee e netten tatis sine tn stas tns enses esses sensns ens en senses eene ea suae 43 Figure 24 Calibration control and display 4 eee eee eee eee eene enses tenens tna tns tns tns ts eise es sensns ens tn senses eese tn suus 44 Figure 25 Prop tties EL 45 Figure 26 IP address configuration dialog eeseserorsesesoesesesoesesee
12. 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 2 5000e 01 S 0 0 6797318 250000 2 0000e 01 8 4 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 3 0000e 01 S 0 0 8156776 300000 2 5000e 01 S 5 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O Figure 51 Example terminal session 23 7 Using accumulation mode with a serial ASCII connection The SCPI standard expects that devices will only respond when interrogated there is no continuous dataflow between the device and the host computer To avoid the risk of losing data because integrations are being completed faster than the host computer can recover the count data the C400 supports an accumulation mode where the counters are not reset after each integration The result is that you can integrate counts for arbitrary time There are two useful modes of operation 23 7 1 Indefinite duration accumulation If you set a buffer size of zero no buffering then you can initiate an acquisition that will run indefinitely until an abort command is issued You can interrogate the counters at any time as many times as you want and get the accumulated counts and accumulated integration time up to that point The terminal session below illustrates setting up an indefinite sequence of 0 2 second integrations with accumulation Four readout calls are made before the acquisition is aborted and a final readout is made The first parameter is the total integration time over which the counts in each channel second to fifth parameters have
13. 28 10 1 INS PATA TION A ia 28 10 2 CONNECTING TO THE 7400 das 29 10 3 G2 DIAGNOSTIC SCREEN LAYOUT eere saved See G cv Sian a eha 33 10 3 1 TOpDAlnleE is lt 34 10 5 2 Graphic display dre de eet tee ete e eet itti 35 10 3 5 Data display ac aei l 38 C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 2 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 10 3 4 10 3 5 10 3 6 10 3 7 10 3 8 11 C400 CIRCUIT OVERVIEW 11 1 DISCRIMINATOR INPUTS 11 2 OVERALL CIRCUIT 12 1 SETTING THE HIGH VOLTAGE SUPPLIES 12 2 CHANGING THE HIGH VOLTAGE SUPPLY RANGE AND POLARITY 13 TRIGGERS AND DATA BUFFERING 13 1 C400 ACQUISITION STATES 13 2 TRIGGER MODES 13 3 BUFFER MEMORY 15 DISCRIMINATOR SWEEP 16 DEADTIME CORRECTION 16 1 MODELS OF DEADTIME Setup display detector discriminator and counter scaler control es PIA uei Mag D Calibration uu eR ERE RH E n aae ere E EROS jaa A oii sas ss te ava Message ATC eee ate 16 2 DETERMINING THE DEAD TIMES ii A tese eo seil wether a Hace 17 PRE AMPLIFIER SELECTION 18 PULSER OUTPUTS 19 ENCODER INPUT 20 CONNECTORS Rr MC 20 1 FRONT PANEL CONNECTORS poirion aon oone timi IR UE RIPE UR NU REFIERE CLE Ir ete a eei 20 1 1 Sienal input iiis ttis tree eer ed tte d a uer utes eunte 20 1 2 Pre amplifier power and other services eee 20 1 3 High voltage OULD
14. 7 0000e 00 S 14 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O 8 0000e 00 S 0 8000006 2751 2343 7 5000e 00 S 15 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O Figure 53 Terminal session illustrating pre defined long duration acquisition C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 88 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 24 Connecting a Device to the C400 via Fiber Optics The C400 can provide loop controller services for selected Pyramid devices A useful example is the M10 general purpose I O device which provides analog and digital inputs and outputs When you connect to the C400 any valid devices on its fiber optic loop will be discovered and you can open windows in the G2 Diagnostic program to view data and set parameters on those devices In the following illustration the C400 is managing a loop of three M10 devices Each M10 is set with an individual loop address 01 to OF AII four devices C400 and three M10s are accessed via the Ethernet interface This facility allows you to build up a system without needing a dedicated fiber optic loop controller a M X C400 Mii mi 1m Ethernet a M10 M10 M10 Figure 54 Using the C400 as a loop controller The following screenshot shows a single M10 at loop address 06 connected to a C400 C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 89 of 107 PSI Sys
15. Lo2 Lo3 Lo4 overflow mask CR LF It is only possible to request multiple samples if TRIGger BUFfer gt 0 Otherwise numSamples should be omitted Maximum samples returned per call is about 12 limited to keep the return strings to a reasonable size To recover a full buffer of size N call FET COUN N repeatedly until all samples are recovered If accumulate mode is enabled the integration time is the summed integration time over the number of integrations up that point In buffered mode the values update after every 400 integrations and after the last integration If the integration time is large this means that readouts during the acquisition will only change infrequently every 400 x integration time seconds RATE Returns rates for the numSamples most recent triggers for the four channels Returns numSamples integration C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 81 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics numSamples time rate 1 rate2 rate3 rate4 timestamp trigger count Lo1 Lo2 Lo3 Lo4 overflow mask CR LF It is only possible to request multiple samples if TRIGger BUFfer gt 0 Otherwise numSamples should be omitted Maximum samples returned per call is about 12 limited to keep the return strings to a reasonable size To recover a full buffer of size N call FET RATE N repeatedly until all samples are recovered This command is not appropriate for ac
16. System Controls and Diagnostics 1 Tx 2 Rx 3 Gnd 4 n c 5 Tx 6 Rx LTA AS ts la F3200E OO Figure 49 RS 485 cable C400 to TC100 E Tx B Ls A Re 1 Rx B 2OX Lh ae I I I I n SGnd TC100 In order to enable the RS 485 interface on the C400 you must have a physical connection to the serial port and you must select one of the relevant modes modes 6 through 9 If you have trouble getting the RS 485 connection to work check carefully to ensure that you have all the transmit and receive lines connected as shown C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 77 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 23 ASCII Communication The C400 is a high performance device that will give you best performance with a dedicated host software application and high bandwidth communications interface Nevertheless there are numerous applications that do not require especially high performance and connections to the C400 may be most convenient with a simple serial interface The C400 supports a basic ASCII interface over RS 232 or RS 485 It supports some of the commands prescribed by Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI and IEEE 488 2 plus specific commands as required by the operation of the device All commands to the C400 should be terminated with LF only ASCII char 10 ctrl J although a carriage feed ASCII char 13 ctrl M or combination of both will be handled
17. acquired An abort command is received The stop source is set to BNC and the appropriate edge is seen on the BNC gate 13 2 Trigger modes In the Custom trigger mode you have full control over whether state transitions are driven by internal or external sources for starting pausing and stopping the acquisition In the other trigger modes some of the sources for various transitions are preset as described in the following table In the table NBuf is the buffer size and NBst is the burst size For every trigger mode you can force the C400 to the stopped state at any time by sending the Abort command Mode Start Pause Stop Notes Custom Custom mode gives you direct control over the start pause and stop conditions All other modes are particular configurations that can be achieved by suitable selections in Custom mode Internal Internal n a n a Acquisition will start immediately you send Initiate and continue indefinitely if unbuffered or to the lesser of NBuf size and NBst if buffered External Start BNC Acquisition will start when a valid trigger edge is seen after you send Initiate and continue indefinitely if unbuffered If buffered it will do NBst readings on each valid trigger edge until it has acquired NBuf readings External StartStop BNC BNC Acquisition will start when a valid trigger edge is seen after you send Initiate If unbuffered readings will continue unt
18. amplifier Change pre amplifier Set low discriminator limit to exclude electronic noise for pre amp in use Large DC offset on pre amplifier Change pre amplifier Set low discriminator limit to exclude electronic noise for pre amp in use No pulses Pulse polarity set incorrectly Look at pulses on oscilloscope 50 ohm terminated Use correct polarity setting Pulses are outside discriminator window Open window settings and recheck Look at pulses on oscilloscope 50 ohm terminated Use appropriate discriminator settings Discriminator sweep function can assist you to select the values Counts higher than expected Deadtime correction is enabled deadtime setting so too high Disable deadtime correction Ensure use of deatime correction is appropriate and the correct value is entered Pulser output is connected and enabled Turn off pulser Disable pulser when taking data Counts lower than expected Detector gain has dropped Look at pulses on oscilloscope 50 ohm terminated Increase Use correct high voltage setting Replace detector if C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 98 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics high voltage and or reduce discriminator lower level needed Counter has overflowed most likely in accumulation mode Check overflow flag Reduce integration period so that total count
19. are instead using separate high voltage supplies then you can use the analog output voltages from the C400 to program the voltage from those supplies 12 volt power rails are provided for pre amplifiers 9 5 Self testing and calibration Some scintillation detectors include test pulser LEDs A short pulse of light from the LED causes the photocathode to emit and you get a signal pulse from the anode of the photomultiplier which can be discriminated and counted in the normal way The C400 includes TTL test output pulses for each channel which you can program with period and pulse width With a suitable series resistor for the LED you should count the same pulses coming in as you are putting out and therefore validate the complete detector and counting system The C400 uses precision digital to analog converters DACs to control the high voltage supplies and to set the discriminators and analog to digital converters ADCs to readback the high C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 25 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics voltages Calibrations are provided for all these converters so that the high voltage and discriminators are as accurate as possible 9 6 Monitor outputs Each C400 channel has an associated monitor pulse output Each valid input pulse that lies between the lower and upper discriminator thresholds is counted and also generates a fixed amplitude output pulse on the corresponding monitor These pulses
20. be connected to the C400 via the fiber optic interface C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 14 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 7 3 Specification Signal inputs Number Four independent parallel Input impedance 50 ohm Pulse height range 0 to 5 volt either polarity Minimum pulse width Less than 10 nsec Pulse pair resolution Better than 10 nsec Discriminator analog bandwidth DC 150 MHz Discriminator range Window discriminator upper and lower levels adjustable 0 to 5 V either polarity 16 bit resolution over bipolar range Scalers Number Four Depth 32 bit transparent background readout Integration period Configurable 100 usec to 1 sec Accumulation mode Counts can be accumulated indefinitely transparent background readout Deadtime correction Real time non paralyzable deadtime correction can be applied calculated for each individual integration period Internal buffering On board data buffer for up to 65536 integrations Test pulsers Number Four Voltage 0 5 V TTL levels Current capability 30 mA Pulse duration 8 nsec to 1 usec Frequency 1 Hz to 1 MHz Preamp outputs Number Four Power output 12 VDC 100 mA 12 VDC 100 mA fused Analog output 5 to 5 VDC 16 bit resolution for remote high voltage control C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Pa
21. been accumulated If any channel overflows the 2 32 count maximum the overflow mask last parameter would reflect this C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 86 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics FE ER COM1 PuTTY conf per 0 2 OK conf accum 1 OK trig buf 0 OK init OK I et coun 5 2000e 00 5 22098002 5200004 7810 18113 5 0000e 00 S 25 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O fet coun 1 1400e 01 5 48444817 11400009 17113 39751 1 1200e401 5 56 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O fet coun 1 6800e 01 S 59725926 16800013 25091 58584 1 6600e 01 S 83 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 fet coun 3 3200e 01 5 59725926 33200025 49660 115828 3 3000e401 S 165 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 abort OK fet coun 3 9600e 01 5 59725926 39600030 59264 138168 3 9400e401 S 197 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O Figure 52 Terminal session illustrating indefinite duration acquisition 23 7 2 Pre defined long duration accumulation If you set a non zero buffer size in accumulation mode then you can pre define a long acquisition When it has completed you can either recover just the final counts or the complete buffer showing all the individual integrations The maximum long integration period is 65535 x second or about 18 hours The terminal session below illustrates setting up an integration of 16 x 0 5 2 8 seconds After it has completed the buffer contents are recov
22. eese tn suae 22 Figure 6 Comparator operation eerie esee eese en tenent aetas ss sensns osese siss ten toss tn sensns enses esses etas en sens enses esses eta suae 24 Figure 7 PTC DiagnosticG2 installation eese eee eee eene ene tnt n e atenta etna sensns tatnen sensns ens tn senses eene ta suae 29 Figure 8 Direct Ethernet connection 4 eere eese esee eese teens ene tn atn senses ense ta sese tn sensns enses senses sensns ens to senses eene tn suae 30 Figure 8 Configuring the IP address on the host computer eeeee eee eee eee eene entes en etas tn sensns enses sesenta 30 Figure 9 Ping test of the Ethernet connection eerie eee eese esee tenent entes tn sens tns tn states senses sensns enses esses etn suae 31 Figure 10 Discover devices e 32 Figure 11 Ready to connect to the C400 ooonccocnocnonncnncnncncnncononacononoconncanonacononnconcno con senatus estes sensn con rca coc rca rorncncranno 32 Figure 12 Opening the C400 window scsccscsssssssssssssscsscoscessssssssssssssssscescessnsssssssssessssoscesssssssssssseseessoscoseoss 33 Figure 13 G2 Diagnostic common controlsS eeseserorsesesoesesosoeseseeocsesocossesoeoesesororsesocoesorosoeserossesorossesoroesesorossesosoese 33 Figure 14 Strip chart data display showing cursor The scope display looks similar e 35 Figure 15 Histogram data display showing cursor
23. if you do need to have firewalls in place and need the C400 communications to pass through the firewall then the following rules should be set up on the host computer C400 RPC messages allow TCP traffic on local port 111 to any remote port PTC DiagnosticG2 allow all traffic all ports C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 74 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 22 2 6 Restoring the default IP address You can force the C400 to restore its default IP address of 192 168 100 20 by power cycling and keeping the rear panel reset button pressed while it boots up If the C400 is set to DHCP but does not get an address assigned it will default to 192 168 100 20 after about 30 seconds If it was assigned an address by a previous DHCP service it will initially use this 22 2 7 Webserver The C400 provides a simple HTML webserver so you can connect to it using a browser The C400 will display device name and firmware details and allow you to search for devices connected to the C400 on a fiber optic loop You can then interrogate these devices for their details tceurope com A Pyramid Technical IC x x Google v 3 Search More Sign In amp P C400 Detector Controller YRAMID c400 2640 c400 2640 loop 1 Figure 47 C400 webpage C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 75 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 22 3 RS 232 connection A bas
24. lead you to come into contact with them The user must therefore exercise appropriate caution when using the device and when connecting cables Power should be turned off before making any connections The unit must not be operated unless correctly assembled in its case Protection from high voltages generated by the device will be impaired if the unit is operated without its case Only Service Personnel as defined in EN61010 1 should attempt to work on the disassembled unit and then only under specific instruction from Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc The unit is designed to operate from 24VDC power with a typical maximum current requirement of 1000 mA A suitably rated power supply module is available as an option Users who make their own power provision should ensure that the supply cannot source more than 3000 mA A safety ground must be securely connected to the ground lug on the case Some of the following symbols may be displayed on the unit and have the indicated meanings C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 8 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Direct current Earth ground terminal Protective conductor terminal Frame or chassis terminal Equipotentiality Supply ON Supply OFF CAUTION RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK gt PPO OH CAUTION RISK OF DANGER REFER TO MANUAL C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 9 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics
25. n enini nennen nennen nennen 79 23 2 IEEE 488 2 OPTIONAL COMMANDS eeeeern ehh hehe nne h eee n enne enne enne enne nn nono nora nono nano nn enne eere enne nnne 79 23 3 CADO SPECIFIC COMMANDS A a a ts exem ee e ede clt ede 80 23 4 DIGITAL STATUS BI ESO A TTTTT E 83 23 5 OVERELOW MASK lo a 84 23 6 USING PUTTY TO TEST THE SERIAL ASCII CONNECTION eere ener nnn 85 23 7 USING ACCUMULATION MODE WITH A SERIAL ASCII CONNECTION cccocccncnnnnnnnnnonononononcnnnnonnnonononononnnnnnononos 86 23 7 1 Indefinite duration accumulation eee eese eene eee nenneneenneenreteren rene nnennne 86 23 7 2 Pre defined long duration accumulation eese eene 67 24 CONNECTING A DEVICE TO THE C400 VIA FIBER OPTICS ee eeee eee e eene reete oett ene ee eeenue 89 25 CREATING A HOST SOFTWARE APPLICATION cssssccsssssccessscccesssscccsssscccessscccssssscccsssssecessssccessnss 91 26 INTERFACING TO EDRIGS wisssscccsssccctessesecstbedsedossecessustscsedviessovsntetescessebessassveuedsssesdoccesusvadessesedecebesecebevescossbaee 92 26 1 WHATIS S ad COS ias 92 26 2 INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING IGZ ran a rn an artan e a a araea nono nora ETE 93 27 UPDATING FIRMWARE iioeeeeeeeeh ee aba ece E sbros PUERO 94 28 BNUSOAIS 96 28 1 STARTING THE A60 RECOVERY UTILITY occccccnnnnnncnnncnononononononononononononononononononononononono
26. network administrator to ensure that the C400 address does not conflict with any other device You will also be assigned a subnet mask that limits the range of addresses used by your local network Typically this will be 255 255 255 0 meaning that the local network only allows device addresses to differ in the last byte If you are using a wider range for example 255 255 0 0 then all devices must be set this way 22 2 2 DHCP The C400 supports dynamic IP address assignment DHCP For this to work you need to have the C400 connected in a network containing a router that provides this service The C400 will negotiate with the router when it boots up or is otherwise connected to the network 22 2 3 Default gateway Any C400 messages that cannot be routed within the local subnet will be sent to the default gateway you define 22 2 4 System Log The C400 can send log messages to an IP address you define There must be a suitable service running at this address If it is not running you may see unpredictable behavior Therefore we recommend that you disable this function unless specifically instructed by Pyramid or your supplier by setting it to 0 0 0 0 22 2 5 Firewalls An instrumentation network will typically be isolated from the wider internet so that the computers servicing the network can operate without firewalls This provides the most reliable communications as firewalls can interfere with connections in unpredictable ways However
27. setup page of the PTC Diagnostic program The correction is generally dependable up to 20 to 30 but if you are making larger corrections then it is likely that the non paralyzable model is becoming invalid as effects like detector gain suppression start to dominate You should exercise C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 60 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics care in using data which has been extrapolated too far As an illustration if we have a system deadtime of 50 nsec then an incoming rate of 3 3 MHz will be corrected up to 4 MHz a 2096 correction If the deadtime is 10 nsec then the same relative correction occurs at an incoming count rate of 16 7 MHz 16 2 Determining the deadtime You can often make a reasonable estimate of the deadtime by observing the pulses being delivered to the C400 inputs on a fast oscilloscope and making an estimate of the typical pulse width However the most reliable way of measuring the deadtime is to measure the detector response to a radiation source whose intensity you can control at will Examples include emission stabilized X ray tubes or various numbers of small equal radioactive sources Alternatively you may be able to control the geometry of the measurement setup to adjust the flux reaching the detector for example using collimators of known apertures or by altering the separation between the source and the detector The following example uses data from a LaBr3 scintillat
28. the resulting spectrum is contiguous Dwell time This sets how long data is accumulated at each step 10 3 6 Calibration The C400 stores calibrations for all its DACs and ADCs to improve their absolute accuracy Any of the values can be edited on this display and are stored in non volatile memory when the values are entered You should clearly be careful not to enter incorrect values as you will get confusing results The discriminator upper and lower level voltages and the high voltage readback can be calibrated automatically either selectively by channel or altogether C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 43 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Calibration Discriminator Limit DACs Channel All Calibrate Upper Gain Offset e 4 6553 4 0 02 2 6553 4 0 03 3 65534 0 02 Lower Gain Offset 1 6553 4 0 009 2 6553 4 0 003 3 6553 4 0 007 Analog Out DAC Gan Offset 4 6553 4 0 2 6553 4 op HUDAC Gain Offset 2 1 16 3835 0 2 16 3835 of HV Readback ADC Channel All Calibrate Gain Offset a 1 0 101727 0 2 0 101727 0 L Clear All Calibrations Figure 24 Calibration control and display Discriminator The gain values are in DAC bits per volt and the offsets are in volts The limit DACs Calibrate button at the top of the display adjusts the offsets automatically The offset can be adjusted to include the offset voltage of a
29. volts for each Lo4 channel The sign is ignored see CONFigure POLarity ENCOder Enc Command not yet supported HIVOltage MAXvalue HVml Set query maximum allowable external high voltage setting HVm2 HVm3 HVm1 HVm4 in volts for each channel This is a software C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 80 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics HVm4 enforced limit SUPply Query maximum allowable external high voltage setting in volts for each channel as determined by the installed HV module VOLts HV1 HV2 HV3 HV4 Set query the auxiliary external high voltage setting HV1 HV4 in volts for each channel See FETch HIVOltage for readback values ENable 011 011 011 011 Q Enable disable query the auxiliary external high voltage power supply for each channel PERiod Per Q Set query integration period Per in seconds POLarity NIP NIP NIP NIP Q Set query the discriminator polarity for each channel PULSer Period Width Q Set query the LED pulser output Period and width are in nsec COUNTs OVERflow CLEar ch Clears the overflow bit for channel ch FETch COUNts numSamples Returns counts for the numSamples most recent triggers for the four channels Returns numSamples integration time countl count2 count3 count4 timestamp trigger count Lo1
30. with color coded sleeves 5 m Other lengths available to order Fiber optic cable pair 200 um silica fiber ST terminated with color coded sleeves 5 m Other lengths available to order 6 4 Power and control cables CAB L4 10 D9 Cable screened four pin Lemo OB plug to D9 male 10 m for pre amp power 6 5 Pre ampliifiers CP10 A Wide band DC coupled preamplifier suitable for Nal LaCls LaBr3 and YAP scintillators coupled to photomultiplier tubes C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 12 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics CP10 B Very wide band DC coupled preamplifier suitable for plastic scintillators continuous dynode electron multipliers and other pulse counting detectors with very short output pulses Figure 2 CPIO pre amplifier 6 6 Fiber optic loop A200 USB to fiber optic adaptor A300 fiber optic loop controller Ethernet adaptor A500 intelligent real time cell controller for five loops with Ethernet interface C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 13 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 7 Intended Use and Key Features 7 1 Intended Use The C400 is intended to count fast pulses generated by photomultipliers avalanche photodiodes and similar devices on four parallel channels It provides high voltage for the sensors and low voltage power for pre amplifiers Multiple C400 units can measure synchronously using a distributed trigger and encoder pulses can be measured to coo
31. 00 UM 131220 Page 46 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics State Idle Measuring Last Error Fiber message timeout gt IK Figure 27 Message area You can clear the messages at any time by pressing the clear button E The last error message is captured at the bottom of the message are you can clear this with the clear last error button a The internal state of the C400 is shown at the left underneath the message area C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 47 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 11 C400 Circuit Overview 11 1 Discriminator inputs The C400 uses fast level discriminators to compare the size of the signal at its input with thresholds set by digital to analog converters The signal is terminated in 50 ohms and fed in parallel to the lower and upper level discriminators The logic outputs are delivered to a high performance FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array b Upper level crossed gt Lower level crossed Figure 28 The basic discriminator circuit Signal in soR FPGA ULD The discriminators have hysteresis of about 30 mV to prevent multiple triggering on noise The C400 sets the levels as necessary to handle negative or positive going pulses as selected by the user The FPGA sets a bit when the low level discriminator produces an output If the upper level also produces an output then the bit is reset and no
32. 00 to TC100 eere reete eee entente etn tnttn tne tn sonata senses sesenta sensns enses ees en sensus 77 C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 6 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Figure 50 Figure 51 Figure 52 Figure 53 Figure 54 Figure 55 Figure 56 Figure 57 Figure 58 Figure 59 Figure 60 Figure 61 Setup of PuTTY for ASCII serial communication with the C400 ocoocionoonoononnonnonnnnoncnonncononncnnonacons 85 Example terminal E oso 86 Terminal session illustrating indefinite duration acquisition ccce eere eterne ene tn ennt 87 Terminal session illustrating pre defined long duration acquisition erect 88 Using the C400 as a loop controller 4 ee eee ee eee eese eee eene ee sete senten setas tton etse ta setas e esses sense taeeo 89 Connecting an M10 device through the C40 eere reete cesse esee esee ee eene en stent ta etse tas tasto 90 Simple example network for EPICS communications eee eere eese eese eene sense tn aetas etas ta senate 92 IUVENI IIEICAUET VID ARR 94 Selecting the firmware file eere eee eee esee eese esent roires Se sensns tosta tasses essen sensn sensns ese s eese tn suus 94 Firmware update status window eee eee eee eese estes tenes etnia tns tn stas tn sess es sese t
33. 05 20 0 51 51 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 495 0 05 20 0 61 61 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 541 0 05 20 0 71 71 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 327 0 05 20 0 81 81 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 382 0 05 20 0 91 91 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 589 0 05 20 1 01 101 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 477 0 05 20 Figure 33 Unbuffered logged data with a 10 Hz comms rate 10000 usec integration time By contrast the C400 internal data memory can accept data from the counters at the maximum rate so you should use buffering in cases where it is critical to take time contiguous data C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 55 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics timestamr triggercou channel 1 channel 1 channel 2 channel 2 channel 3 channel 3 channel 4 channel 4 encodercount 0 0 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 1 0 05 20 1 00E 05 1 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 20 2 00E 05 2 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 20 3 00E 05 3 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 20 4 00E 05 4 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 1 0 05 20 5 00E 05 5 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 20 6 00E 05 6 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 20 7 00E 05 vi 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 20 8 00E 05 8 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 20 9 00E 05 9 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 20 0 0001 10 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 20 0 00011 11 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 20 Figure 34 Buffered logged data with a 10 Hz comms rate 10 usec integration time Note that if you select a buffered mode and relatively long integ
34. 2000 vj Ee Signal Polarity 9 up 200V SLD O005V gt n 1000 v Analog Out 0 00 V 2 Max 2000 v AA Signal Polarity 9 up 200V 0 05V gt uv 150p v Analog Out 0 00 V2 Max 2000 vj Figure 20 Channel setup parameters Deadtime The C400 can apply a non paralyzable deadtime correction in real time to the correction incoming counts in all channels You can set the deadtime duration in nsec and independently toggle the correction on or off See section 16 for further details Signal The C400 can handle negative going or positive going pulses and you can set this polarity polarity independently for each channel ULD and The upper and lower levels for the window discriminator can be set independently LLD for each channel The polarity of the levels is set automatically according to the signal polarity selection The value of the ULD must be higher than the LLD HV If you have the high voltage options installed you can set the output voltages individually for each channel The Max value in the display shows the highest voltage and polarity available with the installed option which could be different for each channel You must enter a value in range and with the explicit polarity For example if you have negative modules installed you must enter 525 to get a negative 525 volt output The high voltage is only enabled when you press the HV button you sh
35. 94 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics While the update is taking place you will see a countdown of the time remaining and you can see detailed activities reported in the message window Updating Firmware DO NOT TURN OFF DEVICE POWER DO NOT CLOSE THE DIAGNOSTIC Time Remaining 169 seconds A 396 Figure 59 Firmware update status window If the process does get interrupted it is possible that the C400 will not be able to do another update because core programs have become corrupted In this case you should contact Pyramid or your supplier who can organize a recovery When the update is complete you should reboot the device by power cycling it and check the Properties screen area to ensure that the new versions are correctly reported C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 95 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 28 A60 Recovery If your C400 ever suffers corruption of its stored programs it may no longer be able to communication with it via normal means This could happen if you were to suffer a power failure or communications interruption during a firmware update We hope this never happens to you but in case it ever does the A60 recovery utility can recover the situation We recommend that you only use this utility under direction of Pyramid CAUTION A Do not use the A60 Recovery utility except under the direction of Pyramid Misuse could render your C400 inoperable and you
36. AUTION A Do not connect external power supplies to the C400 external high voltage outputs that will drive the built in supplies away from the voltages they are trying to regulate or you may cause damage to the C400 12 2 Changing the High Voltage Supply Range and Polarity The range and polarity of the high voltage supplies is fixed and must be specified at time of purchase Units may be returned to the factory to change the high voltage modules if necessary It not recommended that users change the high voltage supply modules The jumper settings are given here for reference only There is a jumper bank for each channel x 2000 V s e 2000 V HVO O O Hvo HV1 O O HV1 HV2 HV2 1000 V ome 1000 V HVO E HV1 HV2 500 V EE 4500 V HVO HV1 HV2 i 200 V e 9 4200 V HV1 HV2 Figure 30 High voltage jumper settings All other settings are interpreted as no HV option fitted C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 52 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 13 Triggers and Data Buffering 13 1 C400 acquisition states The best way to understand the ways that the C400 trigger modes and buffering options is to consider the internal states of the device concerning data acquisition and the way you can control the transitions between these states by selecting the trigger modes the buffer size and the burst count St
37. C400 UM 131220 Page 58 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics There are two unwanted features in pulse height spectra that you should avoid If you start the sweep at very low voltage below about 0 05 V you will start to see electronic noise from the pre amplifier It is easy to identify because it will be present even when there is no high voltage bias on the detector Remove the noise from the spectrum by starting the sweep just above the noise level Secondly be aware of the maximum height that pulses can reach If you are using a CP10 pre amplifier for example the maximum voltage output is about 2 V Any larger pulses will saturate at this level resulting in a spurious peak at the high voltage end of the spectrum Even if your detector gain is set so that the pulses of interest to you are well clear of saturation there will still be a natural background of high energy radiation Avoid creating a spurious peak by ensuring the maximum of the sweep is below the maximum output voltage of the pre amplifier when driving into the 50 ohm load of the C400 input C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 59 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 16 Deadtime Correction 16 1 Models of deadtime All pulse counting detector systems have an unavoidable deadtime There are two models of deadtime called non paralyzable and paralyzable deadtime In the non paralyzable case we assume there is a deadtime when a pulse is be
38. ED USES to a a a ME te teu icit cete stet edidere uo ci 14 7 2 REY PEATURES bcs sich nes i heehee inte ditate inm ete iude ee ee 14 Teds SPECIBICATION daa ciet pde td 15 8 INSTAELA TION ree ITA 20 EL MOUNTING ect ee eee 20 8 2 GROUNDING AND POWER SUPPLY enter ertet eese ere vc e e er Ee eR epe dT eaae ERE ads 20 8 3 CONNECTION TO SIGNAL SOURCE ccccccccccccncncnonononononononononononononnnnnonononononononononononononononononononononononononononenenineneso 21 SL INDICAS CUDASS 21 8 3 2 Cables a da ion 22 9 HOW THE C400 WORKS AN OVERVIEW cssssccssssscessssccesssscccsssscccessscccesssscccsssscccessscccessssesesssscecees 24 9 1 PULSE HEIGHT DISCRIMINATION AND COUNTING cccccccccccnoconononononononononononononnnnnnnonononononononononononononononoconacininenes 24 9 2 A TRIGGERING ente ee det ederet tesnebettesct E de ewe deberem then eni etes eet em bre begad 24 9 3 ACQUISITION MODES oa iR Ote eibi ne ae RS 25 04 DETECTOR SERVICES Mia as 25 9 5 SEEF TESTING AND CALIBRATI N ti 25 9 6 MONITOR OUTPUTS A tae 26 9 7 COMMUNICATION TO THE HOST COMPUTER cccccccccncncnononononononononononnnnnnonononononononononnnnnnnnonononononononnnnnnncnnnnnannnons 26 9 8 COMMUNICATION TO SLAVE DEVICES ccccccccccnononcnononononononononnnnnnnnnnnnnnnonononononononononononononononononononononononenininenes 26 919 EMBEDDED SOFTWARE aaa 27 10 GETTING STARTED USING THE PTC DIAGNOSTICG2 HOST PROGRAM e eeeeee eee eeneeeene
39. LED When lit this indicates that communications are valid and the system is not in error Busy LED When lit this indicates the C400 is busy and cannot respond to inputs for example while performing a calibration Measuring LED When lit this indicates that data acquisition has been initiated Error LED When lit the C400 is in an error state On the left below the banner there is a graphic display of the data with controls for how the data is plotted below it Below the graphic is a message window which reports all the commands issued to the C400 by the PTC Diagnostic program and the corresponding acknowledgements Generally you can ignore this display but it will be valuable for diagnosis if you have any operating problems On the right there is a screen area which changes according to which display option you select Data A numeric display of the data on each channel and check boxes to allow you to suppress the graphic display of any subset of the channels The color codes correspond to the colors of the traces of the strip chart and scope mode graphics Any channel which is highlighted in red is overrange Setup Controls to set the acquisition mode deadtime correction signal polarity discriminator levels high voltage settings triggering data buffering test pulse outputs and the position encoder input Discriminator Controls for the automatic discriminator sweep facility which will create Sweep a pulse height s
40. MM S E DEI E M MI LUN DELE Ee o f 71 21 4 3 Initidted idt secant bee ce Evo E OO Eee vo corel et dee O De oov e sis 71 21 4 4 ACHVO ioo Oh the ea st M is Cd on sts sels ad d mA I Meu EAE AE E to rs el 71 21 4 5 CON e nobii o d tct ttd t tek oes an 71 21 4 6 EilieVHet s aec Matic D rie Qu ra Lot M pe n Eos doi sese Eton tats Mild Mut sup dil he D defe c AUT 71 21 4 7 einn A NN 72 21 4 8 A EUH 72 21 4 9 NAAA TAR MEET 72 21 4 10 RIAS COS aana AA A A EE AA A A da 72 21 5 INTERNAL JUMPER Si P eere Eh 72 22 COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACES eere eee ee eese e tne e eee tn oeste eese eee an esee eene eese en esee seen ee setae sese ense eerta 73 22 1 1 Da Ce TETTE ac 73 22 2 ETHERNET CONNECTI N 5 ci 74 22 2 1 SIGI CHIP Address td roda coass tea dee EER taria tiara oie 74 22 2 2 DET CP T M RT 74 22 2 3 Default gateway xii eee dette een o aii qute een Hi RE HE A e 74 22 2 4 System Log ian E A nen Rees 74 22 2 5 ERES il EN 74 22 2 6 Restoring the default IP address ot tad tt et petet des 75 22 2 7 WED SOLVER i ici 75 22 3 RS 232 CONNECTION a a A retient eee ses 76 22 4 RS 485 CONNECTION EXAMPLE ccccccccecssesesessussececececececececececececececececececececesecececececececeeeceseceseseveeeeeeseevers 76 23 ASCH COMMUNICATION oiiscciscescssscessossdsessssescottestsnssesscsessevecsessenescesdettcossbetescessetecsesbasescedbesseusdbsdsscessesecnes 78 23 1 IEEE 488 2 MANDATORY COMMANDS rassar een hh hh hh rn rni n eere eene eene
41. P address assignment For this example set up your host PC Ethernet port with a fixed non conflicting IP address in the same subnet range for example 192 168 100 11 EVEN Internet Protocol Version 4 TCP IPv4 Properties p x General You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports this capability Otherwise you need to ask your network administrator for the appropriate IP settings gt Obtain an IP address automatically O Use the following IP address IP address 192 168 100 11 Subnet mask 255 255 255 l Default gateway Obtain DNS server address automatically 9 Use the following DNS server addresses Preferred DNS server Alternate DNS server Validate settings upon exit Advanced cone x Figure 8 Configuring the IP address on the host computer 3 Turn on 24 V DC power to the C400 but make no other connections The two power LEDs on the rear panel should illuminate when the power is applied and the cooling fan will start up While the device is booting the left hand bank of four LEDs on the rear panel cycle When the device is ready the Active and power LEDs only should be illuminated C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 30 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 4 Make the Ethernet connection from the host PC to the C400 You should see activity on the LEDs that are mounted in the C400 RJ 45 connector Check that yo
42. UIS DE M ERT 20 2 REAR PANEL CONNECTORS cile cutter cie consta THU IRR dee re ran eer rct piura A aii 20 2 1 Ethernet cof munications de ec t tede ee Eb ter ds 20 2 2 Fiber optic communications eee eee eee esee esee a a R e AEA Aa S AS A senes AS 20 2 3 RS 232 RS 485 communications eese eiii E E AE E E i ii 20 2 4 Gate OUIPUE EE toti tate etie ibat 20 2 5 Gate Input ate edt e t e cg e mec t Pec ee d eti eene 20 2 6 Encoder np ai ORENSE EHE RESP UU EN EO a aa 20 2 7 Monitor OUPUS n EET 20 2 8 JOAN A 20 2 9 Ground lite ieiuna ipeo one 21 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS eeeeeeee eese seen eene tn sensns tasto sto s eins ose ta siess eesis isisisi siis sei soeone 21 1 FRONT PANEL CONTROES 1 eerie rere e eret erede d eater ges seen de datado 21 2 REAR PANEL CONTROLS eet eredi TER e ER oda rre EO dea seus coupbasenesensuacbagvagenteues 21 2 1 IINE 21 2 2 AddresssswitCl saco etc e ERI T tv Te RU ed e e te rapi ia 21 2 3 Mode WU e to entere en e I montiert offe C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 3 of 107 12 HIGH VOLTAGE SUPPLIES 14 MONITOR OUTPUTS PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 21 3 ERONT PANBE INDICATORS 5 rto tee ti vede ve eoe s 71 21 3 1 FAV OV T E 71 21 4 REAR PANEL INDIGA TORS si eter rte ree vases ed evene eee ot 71 21 4 1 DAE THEME mmc AMT 71 21 4 2 2 9 reU A Pa sau sah S
43. aming data to the host C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 71 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 21 4 7 Optical Green LED Fiber optic is the active communication interface 21 4 8 Serial Green LED Serial RS 232 or RS 485 is the active communication interface 21 4 9 Power up sequence On power up all LEDs light initially The Initiated and Active LEDs then extinguish and the Com Ethernet Fiber and Serial LEDs light in sequence while the C400 is booting 21 4 10 RJ 45 indicators Green LEDs incorporated in the Ethernet connector show that a connection has been established left hand LED and that messages are passing right hand LED 21 5 Internal jumpers Two jumper banks JPR5 JPR6 are provided inside the C400 for general functions plus four individual banks JPR1 4 for HV configuration 2mm jumpers are used The HV configuration jumpers are described in section 12 Other functions are as follows 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Selo llo JPR6 JPR5 Figure 45 Internal jumpers Position Function if fitted JPRS 1 Enable bootloader mode JPRS 2 Disable watchdog JPR5 3 Ultravolt HV module used instead of EMCO HV module JPR5 4 Reserved JPR6 1 4 Reserved In normal operation there should be a jumper on JPR5 2 only C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 72 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 22 Communications Interfaces The C400 is a me
44. ange of pulse heights coming from the detector The C400 provides an automated discriminator sweep function A small discriminator window is stepped from a starting voltage to an ending voltage that you nominate and the counts measured at each step are plotted as a function of the lower limit of the window The sweep repeats so that the counting statistics improve Making the increment small increases the resolution of the pulse height analysis but slows down the acquisition If your count rate is relatively low it is beneficial to use buffered mode to maximize the number of pulses that you count in a given time simply set the buffer to the maximum size of 65536 Although the C400 is not primarily designed to be a pulse height analyzer you can obtain recognizable energy spectra if the incoming pulses are sufficiently well defined This means that you should use a pre amplifier with sufficient integration to give smooth pulses See section 17 for more details The following example shows a spectrum from a Na 22 source as measured with a LaBrs scintillation detector a CP10 A preamplifier and the C400 The 511 keV positron annihilation peak and the 1 275 MeV peak from the decay to Ne 22 are visible Y Enable Discriminator Sweep Polarity T Start 045V E E o s a c 1 1 Unltana VY 50000 Samples Clear save Figure 36 Na 22 spectrum acquire using discriminator sweep C400 User Manual
45. apture the contents to a csv format file at any time using the Save button Pressing the Clear button clears the buffer and restarts the logging C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 37 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Note that the logged data is the raw data any low pass filtering or zero offset removal does not affect the values you save However if you have a deadtime correction active this will be reflected in the data because it is applied in real time to the incoming data If you need to record data with and without the deadtime correction and the data can be reproduced simply toggle the correction off and take a second data set 10 3 3 Data display The data display area is the first tab of the data and parameters screen area It shows you the numeric values corresponding to the graphic plus information such as the integration period the high voltage readings the discriminator settings in use and whether deadtime correction or the test pulser is active The high voltage outputs can be enabled and disabled from this display but if you want to change the values you must switch to the Setup display Data Integration Time Dead time Corr Test Pulses Plot Units Counts x TA c m o LLD Count Rate Hy s r J Count Rate SES lt E o j Count Rate 3 s Figure 18 Data display Counts You can set whether
46. ard RJ 45 plug Auto MDIX facilty cable can be direct or crossover type 20 2 2 Fiber optic communications HFBR ST bayonets suitable for mm plastic or 200 um silica fiber 664 nm visible red light Dark casing receiver light casing transmitter 20 2 3 RS 232 RS 485 communications Six pin mini DIN socket PS 2 mouse keyboard type Pin6 y Pins Gus 1I Pin 3 Pin2 Pin 1 External view on connector solder side of mating plug 1 RS 232 Tx RS 485 Tx 4 n c 2 RS 232 Rx RS 485 Rx 5 RS 485 Tx 3 Gnd 6 RS 485 Rx The socket incorporates a sensor switch that allows the C400 to detect that a plug has been connected When a connection is made the RS 232 RS 485 transceiver is active and the communication mode is set by the mode switch External view on connector solder side of mating plug 20 2 4 Gate output BNC socket female To mate with standard signal BNC Able to drive a 50 ohm load Core signal TTL levels Outer screen shield 0 V reference at DGnd 20 2 5 Gate input BNC socket female To mate with standard signal BNC C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 68 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Outer screen shield 0 V reference at DGnd 20 2 6 Encoder input Core signal TTL levels Dsub 9 pin female Pin 5 Pin 1 Pin 9 Pin 6 External view on connector solder side of mati
47. art Initiate Pause Stopped Paused Stop Figure 31 C400 acquisition state diagram The C400 is Stopped when there is no data acquisition in progress or pending When you send the Initiate command it moves to the Idle state It will then transition to the Running acquiring data state when the correct conditions are met From Running the C400 may then transition to a Paused state while it waits for a condition to be met before resuming or to the Stopped state to complete the acquisition There are three sources regulating the transitions namely the Start source the Burst or Pause source and the Stop source Each can be set to Internal a C400 internal condition is met or BNC an external trigger signal is detected at the gate in connector The C400 will transition from Idle to Running if The start source is set to BNC and the appropriate edge is seen on the BNC gate If start source is set to internal it will automatically go to Running when initiated C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 53 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics The C400 will transition from Running to Paused if Burst Count is greater than zero and that number of samples is acquired The Burst Source is set to BNC and the appropriate edge is seen on the BNC gate The C400 will transition from Running or Paused to Stopped if Buffer Size is not Unbuffered tie it is greater than 0 and that number of samples is
48. at will allow it to be identified on networks Mode Select static or dynamic DHCP IP address allocation If you select DHCP the address and mask fields are greyed out IP address Enter the required address if you have selected a static IP Net mask Enter the subnet mask Gateway Enter the address of the gateway that messages will be directed to if the host cannot be found in the subnet System Log This is the address of a diagnostic logging server This should be left set to 0 0 0 0 unless you are doing investigative fault finding under the direction of Pyramid Note that the address change takes effect immediately so you will lose communication in the Discover session you were running Simply click de on the Diagnostic to rediscover the device If you have set the IP address outside the subdomain that is accessible to your host computer you will need to change the IP address of the computer so that it is in the same subdomain as the C400 10 3 8 Message Area The message log area shows the response of the C400 to your commands and activities on the Ethernet communications such as hosts being connected You can scroll back through earlier messages with the sliders Errors and warnings are highlighted in red text These can include warnings such as that an attempt to change a parameter has failed or the internal data buffer has overflowed or communications are being blocked C400 User Manual C4
49. buffer of O then buffering is disabled and the data is sent to the host computer as fast as it can be accepted Burst count The burst count is the number of readings that are taken after each trigger The buffer may be considered as a reserve from which fixed portion of size burst count is drawn whenever there is a trigger 10 3 4 3 Other setup Channels Trigger Other Pulse A B E D Period 100 us Width 30ns Encoder Max 0 Reset on Index Invert Index Invert Encoder Zero Figure 22 Other setup parameters Pulse setup You can enable the diagnostic pulse output individually for the four channels by checking any combination of the boxes A to D This facility is typically used in scintillation detectors that include a test LED in the housing to confirm the complete detector and counting system is working The pulse width is adjustable down to 1 nsec and the period down to 1 usec corresponding to 1 MHz Encoder You can limit the encoder count to a specific maximum beyond which it starts again from zero This is typical for shaft encoders Setting zero means there is no limit to the count If there is an index signal available you can cause this to zero the counter and you can choose the polarity of the index The counting sense relative to the physical motion sense can be swapped by checking the Invert Encoder box 10 3 5 Discriminator sweep In order to set the detector high vol
50. ch gives the count at that time strip display or continuously in that channel histogram 4 PTC Diagnostic 5 e400_1 192 168 175 GH ose O stop system gt Start system Tie Windows Initiate AI system EN o a loop i Dead time Corr Test Pulses Plot Units Baa E E 5 2 5 Hd 5 Bl Il Counts p g LE B g S om l 9 B g 5 2 9 c 450 455 Time secon ids E Mrs me Eg EL LL LLL Y Auto y NoAvg Ezeo lt 3 V strip X Scope 7X Hstogram Discriminator Sweep Calibration State Idle Measuring LastError E Properties Figure 14 Strip chart data display showing cursor The scope display looks similar C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 35 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Fy PTC Diagnostic 5 e400 1 192168175 GB Discover O stop system Qs Start system Tie Wi 5 nitate al System a 4 8M 192168175 4001 loop 1 1921681 1 c el E Dead time Corr C Test Pulses Plot Units counts A B D Channel v Auto y Noag Ezero 3 Sr JV Scope histogram 10345 Samples di ed Discriminator Sweep Calibration State Idle Measuring Last Error Figure 15 Histogram data display showing cursor You can choose whether to display the data as raw counts per integration peri
51. cumulate mode DIGital Read digital status bits See following section for the meaning of the bits ENCOder Return the current encoder count HIVOltage Read HV readback ADCs Returns HV1 HV2 HV3 HV4 INITiate Initiate data acquisition on valid trigger PULSE channels Send out LED pulses on channels 0 15 binary pattern SCAN start V stop V window V period Configure and initiate a discriminator sweep starting at start V signed and ending at stop V signed in increments of window V and a dwell time of period seconds SYSTem COMMunication TIMEout Q Set query timeout in seconds 0 timeout disabled C400 will turn HV off if no valid message is received in the timeout period This command is not yet supported IPMODE DHCPlStatic Q Set query the IP address setting mode NOTE Changing this setting may cause loss of communication with the device for several seconds IPaddress x x x x Q Set query the IP address NETmask x x x x Q Set query the subnet mask GATEway x x x x Q Set query the LAN gateway IP adddress LOGipaddress x x x x Q Set query the system log IP address C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 82 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics ERRor COUNt Query the error counter SERIALnumber Query the ser
52. d static address support RS 232 115 2 kbps serial ASCII protocol C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 16 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics RS 485 115 2 kbps serial ASCII protocol Fiber optic 10 Mbps binary serial protocol For integrating into Pyramid systems architectures or attaching slave devices Controls and indicators Controls Rotary switches for communications mode and fiber optic loop address rear panel Push button processor reset rear panel Indicators Four HV enabled yellow LEDs front panel Eight status green LEDs rear panel Power input Voltage 24 VDC 2 V Current Up to 1000 mA Case Format and materials 1U 19 250 mm deep rack mounting steel chassis with Al alloy front panel and polycarbonate decals Fan cooled Protection rating The case is designed to rating IP43 protected against solid objects greater than 1mm in size protected against spraying water Weight 2 9 kg 6 4 Ib Dimensions see figures 1 and 2 Environment Operating 0 to 35 C 15 to 25 C recommended 7096 humidity non condensing vibration 0 1g all axes 1 to 100Hz Shipping and storage 10 to 50C lt 80 humidity non condensing vibration lt 2 g all axes 1 to 100 Hz C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 17 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics
53. e date of a Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc user manual can be determined from the document file name where it is encoded yymmdd For example B10 UM 080105 would be a B10 manual released on 5 January 2008 Version Changes C400 UM 110329 First general release C400 UM 110404 Correct analog voltage output range to 5 to 5 VDC was 0 to 10 VDC Minor corrections to text C400 UM 120313 General changes to conform to firmware release 0 7 5 92 Add internal jumper details Add details of DHCP option Update ASCII command table Add section on connecting fiber optic loop devices Add section on A60 recovery Add Certificate of Conformance C400 UM 130730 Added description of G2 Diagnostic common controls Corrections to ASCII command table Add fault finding entries C400 UM 131230 Added information about new accumulation mode Updated ASCII commands table C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 107 of 107
54. e entire folder moved to the computer that will act as the server The server and the user interface computer can be the same machine The C400 the server and the user interface computer should be able to communicate with each other over your network In the folders you have saved there is an xml file that needs to be edited to customize your particular setup IG2 looks for the file system xml in the service subdirectory to establish the configuration of the system You can locate system xml elsewhere than the default location or give it a different name in which case you need to specify the name and path by means of an argument in the command line that launches IG2 The system xml file includes all the information about your setup including all the process variables that you want to expose and what you want to call them Since the names must be unique it is a good idea to include the device name and the process variable description in the name The system file comprises a header section on the xml schema which does not need to change Then comes a description of the user interface host computer descriptions of the fiber optic loop controller devices in your system and descriptions of the devices attached to loops The C400 is a loop controller because it has the capability to support multiple slave devices through its fiber optic port You don t have to describe every device and every input output point that is present in your system but only
55. e too low Voltage recovers if setting is reduced Do not attempt to draw more than 1 watt from each high voltage supply Higher power modules are available to special order High voltage not at setpoint A high compliance source such as a charged particle beam is driving the HV electrode Monitor value recovers if C400 disconnected from the external circuit Change geometry to reduce beam strike Cannot set high voltage Trying to set above the maximum allowed value soft limit Sets OK if a lower value is chosen If allowed increase the maximum allowed value High voltage turns off Power has been interrupted causing C400 to reboot Monitor 24 V power Provide UPS if needed Unable to communicate via Ethernet Incorrect IP address for C400 or host not in the same subdomain Check settings of C400 host PC Use consistent IP addresses Messages being blocked by anti virus software Disable anti virus software Set up allowed channels for C400 messages You ve forgotten the IP mode address or subnet mask of the C400 Interrogate via the serial ASCII interface Force unit back to default static address 192 168 100 20 C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 100 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics see section 22 Unexpected changes to C400 state Another host is communicating with the C400 Cha
56. ed in the RJ 45 jack indicate activity on the port To have the C400 connected on a fiber optic network you require a fiber optic adaptor or loop controller device to connect to the host computer The fiber optic interface is well suited to large systems and experiments Support for C400 connection to fiber optic loops will be added in a future firmware release The C400 will act as a fiber optic loop controller with current firmware See section 24 for more details 22 1 1 Device name You can assign a unique name to the C400 which allows it to be identified more easily in a networked system The name is assigned using the PTC DiagnosticG2 program as part of the IP configuration dialog It is stored in non volatile memory c400 2640 wes IP Address 192 168 1 Net Mask Gateway System Log 0 0 0 0 Note Changing these settings will cause you to lose communication with the device oe ena Figure 46 Device name assignment C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 73 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics This name is displayed when you discover devices with the PTC DiagnosticG2 program in the DiagnosticG2 properties tab on the C400 webpage and it is returned over the serial interface in the response to IDN ASCII command 22 2 Ethernet connection 22 2 1 Static IP Address Most instrumentation networks require devices to work with static IP addresses These addresses will be assigned by the
57. egration time is long and a reduced data rate but of course you trade off time resolution of the count rate 9 2 Triggering In many cases you will need to coordinate the C400 measurements with external events A TTL signal or on the gate input can trigger a pre defined acquisition sequence The gate in signal is echoed quickly on the gate out connector allowing you to connect multiple units in daisy chain There are various external triggering modes from a simple start trigger that starts a predefined sequence of integrations to modes that allow you to use the gate line to start stop or pause the counting If you don t need to synchronize to external events you can use internal triggering which is similar to the auto run facility on an oscilloscope The C400 generates its own triggers so counting starts as soon as you initiate an acquisition C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 24 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 9 3 Acquisition modes The C400 can generate data very quickly at a rate higher than can generally be accepted in real time by either the communications link or the host computer The C400 therefore provides buffering schemes that allow you to capture blocks of data at any rate Unbuffered mode does not store any results in the C400 The values are simply transmitted to the host computer as fast as the C400 can send them and as fast as the host it can accept them At the shortest integration times
58. ered with two calls C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 87 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics ER COML PUTTY i conf per 0 5 OK conf accum 1 OK trig buf 16 fet coun 16 5 0000e 01 5 0 500001 247 150 0 0000e 00 S 0 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O 1 0000e 00 5 0 1000001 484 294 5 0000e 01 S 1 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O 1 5000e 00 S 0 1500001 711 439 1 0000e 00 S 2 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O 2 0000e 00 S 0 2000002 928 590 1 5000e 00 S 3 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O 2 5000e 00 S 0 2500002 1135 732 2 0000e 00 S 4 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O 3 0000e 00 S 0 3000002 1332 878 2 5000e 00 S 5 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O 3 5000e 00 S 0 3500003 1519 1030 3 0000e 00 S 6 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O 4 0000e 00 S 0 4000003 1696 1171 3 5000e 00 S 7 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 4 5000e 00 S 0 4500003 1863 1318 4 0000e 00 S 8 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O 5 0000e 00 S 0 5000004 2020 1467 4 5000e 00 S 9 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O 5 5000e 00 S 0 5500004 2167 1609 5 0000e 00 S 10 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 6 0000e 00 S 0 6000004 2304 1758 5 5000e 00 S 11 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O fet coun 16 6 5000e 00 S 0 6500005 2431 1905 6 0000e 00 S 12 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O 7 0000e 00 S 0 7000005 2548 2048 6 5000e 00 5 13 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 7 5000e 00 S 0 7500005 2654 2198
59. eter box to be sent to the C400 you must either press the Enter key on your computer or click into another parameter field Any change to the acquisition mode or to any acquisition parameters will abort the acquisition in progress If you have the Auto Initiate box checked a new acquisition with the new parameters will start immediately lI Save Configuration Also common to all the setup sub tabs is the Save Configuration button Pressing this copies all your settings to non volatile memory in the C400 The C400 will restore these settings when it boots up next time Note that the saved configuration does not include the enable state of the high voltage all high voltage outputs are disabled at startup The settings of the analog output voltages that are provided on the pre amp connectors is restored however so exercise caution if you are using these voltages to control external high voltage supplies 10 3 4 1 Channel setup This sub tab allows you to control all the basic pulse counting parameters the discriminator levels the high voltage outputs and deadtime correction C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 39 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Channels Trigger Other Deadtime Corr Ons FER Signal Polarity 9 up 200V2ub 0 05V mv 1000 v Analog Out 0 00 V 2 Max 2000 V Es Signal Polarity 9 up 200V uo 0 05V w 1200 V Analog Out 0 00 V 4 Max
60. for a channel is unlikely to exceed 4e9 No signal on monitor outputs Unit is not measuring Signal appears when unit initiated and triggered Ensure C400 is measuring when you want to see the monitor output Unit not collecting data Inappropriate trigger mode Select internal trigger mode Use appropriate trigger mode Encoder not reading or Encoder is not producing Check pulses with Use a differential encoder or erratic differential pulses and A B oscilloscope tie the unused lines to a lines are floating voltage halfway between the two input states Encoder counting backwards Direction of motion can be Check invert encoder option defined arbitrarily for if using PTC Diagnostic incremental encoders Encoder counts not updating C400 not initiated Initiate C400 and check encoder counts Communication link timeout Investigate and fix communications issue Use a longer timeout setting No or incorrect response to external gate Incorrect gate polarity selected Use correct polarity No or low high voltage Shorted to ground in external circuit Monitor HV reading zero or very low relative to setpoint Eliminate shorts to ground C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 99 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Monitor value recovers if C400 disconnected from the external circuit External load resistanc
61. ge 15 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics or other purpose Test pulser TTL output with controllable frequency pulse width and pulse count for test pulser LEDs High voltage outputs Number Up to four independently configurable for range and polarity at time of purchase Output power watt Voltage options 20 to 200 V Line 0 0146 Load 0 0596 Ripple 0 0196 50 to 500 V Line 0 0146 Load 0 0146 Ripple 0 01946 100 to 1250 V Line 0 00146 Load 0 00546 Ripple 0 00196 200 to 2000 V Line 0 0146 Load 0 0196 Ripple 0 001496 Monitor outputs Number Four Levels TTL levels into minimum impedance of 50 ohm Pulse width 10 nsec minimum Latency Less than 80 nsec after discriminator conditions are met Triggers and gating Trigger modes Internal autorun plus custom control of start pause and stop conditions Gate input TTL levels into 10 kohm Gate output passthrough TTL levels into minimum impedance of 50 ohm Latency Less than 50 nsec between gate input and gate output Encoder input Signals Differential position pulses A A B B and index Z Z Levels 0 2 V to 20 V differential Isolation 8kV Maximum count rate 1 MHz Counter depth 32 bit transparent background readout Communication interfaces Ethernet Ethernet 10 100 Base T TCP IP and UDP DHCP an
62. ge 31 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 192168 100 53 c400 1 Address Name Owner 192 168 100 53 c400 1 Figure 10 Discover devices Click on Discover Controllers and the software will search all IP addresses within its available network looking for compatible Pyramid devices Since you have the simplest possible network it should find only the C400 you are working with You will generally also see the A60 recovery utility This is only used if your C400 firmware becomes corrupted so you can ignore it for this test When you click to highlight the discovered C400 the Connect and Discover Subdevices button is enabled Click on this to establish the connection to the C400 Bram N AA Technical Consultants Inc TC Diagnostic v5 3 7 Address Name Owner 192 168 100 53 c400 1 tes A60 Recovery Figure 11 Ready to connect to the C400 C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 32 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics A window for the C400 will open to the right of the System window and you will see messages in the message area as the C400 adds your PC as a host You may also see the error message Fiber message timeout This indicates that the C400 has not found any devices on its fiber optic communications channel You can clear this error if you wish with the Clear last error button at the bottom of the screen
63. gram The PTC DiagnosticG2 is a stand alone program which allows you to read graph and log data from the C400 and set all the important acquisition control parameters It supports communication via any of the interfaces For some applications it may be adequate for all of your data acquisition needs The Diagnostic uses the same function library that is exposed for users who develop their own host applications and therefore also serves as a debugging aid PTC DiagnosticG2 was introduced to support the G2 range of Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc products which feature embedded Linux processors and built in Ethernet interfaces It is not compatible with the PSI Diagnostic program which supports previous Pyramid products However the PTC DiagnosticG2 program will be extended in the future to add support for all the previous products Your C400 was shipped with a USB memory stick with the installation files you need We recommend that you copy the files into a directory on your host PC Check the Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc web site at www ptcusa com for the latest versions 10 1 Installation The program runs under the Microsoft Windows operating system with the 3 5 NET framework or later This has to be installed before the PSI DiagnosticG2 New Windows PCs have NET already installed It can be downloaded from the Microsoft web site at no charge Copy the installer file PTCDiagnosticSetup Vx xx msi to the hard drive of the host com
64. i Rp UNE AA Error Flags FPGA Software Configuration Advanced Configuration Header Error C re Oo Configuration Data Error O rris kir o FPGA ERG EO O Header CRC in Header C6CE2DCO FPGA Data Error O Header CRC Calculated C6CE2DC0 Software Header Error O Data CRC in Header 6F37D949 Software Data Error O Data CRC Calculated 6F37D949 DDR Memory Error O Verify FPGA SSRAM Memory Error O Bootloader Jumper O Select firmware file 1 a Ij MAC Address 00 50 c2 97 5a 50 Serial Number 0000002640 Bootloader Revision 0 1 0 12 A60 Jumpers oa Baseboard ID 0x7f7f Baseboard Jumpers 0x1 Failure Code o Figure 61 A60 recovery screen Using the information on the screen Pyramid will be able to tell you if any of the firmware is corrupted Itis possible to load individual firmware files without going through the full update process using the Erase and Update firmware button and this may restore the function of your C400 After using the A60 Recovery utility power down the C400 restore the original jumper setting and refit the top cover C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 97 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 29 Fault finding Symptom Possible Cause Confirmation Solution High background count rates Discriminator lower level too low Increase discriminator counts drop suddenly Set low discriminator limit to exclude electronic noise Noisy pre
65. ial number of the C400 VERSion Query the SCPI standard version TRIGger BUFfer size 2 Set query the C400 on board data buffer size BURSt count Q Set query the number of samples acquired in a burst 1 e before a pause This is 1 in EXTERNAL START HOLD mode MODE mode Q Set query the trigger mode to mode The options are CUSTom INTernal EXTERNAL START EXTERNAL START STOP EXTERNAL START HOLD EXTERNAL WINDOWED DISCRIMINATOR SWEEP POLarity 011 Q Set query external gate polarity external trigger only 0 rising edge 1 falling edge invert BNC trigger SOURce STARt Set query the start trigger source Used in CUSTom INTernallBNC EXTERNAL START EXTERNAL STARTSTOP EXTERNAL START HOLD and EXTERNAL WINDOWED modes STOP Set query the stop trigger source Used in CUSTom and INTernallBNC EXTERNAL STARTSTOP modes PAUse Set query the pause burst trigger source Used in CUSTom and INTernallBNC EXTERNAL WINDOWED modes 23 4 Digital status bits 0 Connected 1 Pending Busy 2 Error 3 Reserved 4 Output changed NOT SUPPORTED C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 83 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Reserved Urgent device error NOT SUPPORTED Reserved Updating firmware Oo we AL DI tA Starting up 10 15 Reserved
66. ic three wire RS 232 connection is all that is required to communicate with the C400 The C400 uses a 6 pin mini DIN connector An adaptor to a 9 pin female DSub is available from Pyramid a standard pin to pin male to female 9 pin DSub cable can them be used to connect to the PC The cable length should not exceed about 5m especially at the maximum baud rate For longer serial cable runs you should use RS 485 6 pin mini DIN male 9 pin D female RX GND 0 04 63 62 o C400 0 o of PC Figure 48 RS 232 cable C400 to PC 22 4 RS 485 connection example RS 485 is used to extend a serial connection over a long distance If you have a RS 232 serial port on the host PC then an RS 232 to RS 485 converter is used at the host PC end The built in RS 485 of the C400 allows a direct connection at its end A commonly used converter is the MOXA TC100 The Moxa TCC 80 is a low cost alternative for less critical applications The converter should be configured for four wire full duplex RS 485 operation The C400 provides parallel termination for transmit and receive It is therefore optional whether you also terminate at the TC100 end but there is no harm if you do The recommended Dip switch setting for the TC100 is Swl Sw2 Sw3 OFF ON ON The recommended Dip switch setting for the TCC 80 is Swl Sw2 Sw3 ON OFF ON C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 76 of 107 PSI
67. il the opposite polarity trigger edge is seen If buffered it will stop on the lesser of NBst or Nbuf readings or on the opposite polarity trigger edge whichever comes first External StartHold BNC NBst is forced to a value of 1 in this mode A single reading is taken for each valid trigger edge This will continue indefinitely if unbuffered If buffered it will continue until NBuf is reached External Windowed BNC BNC n a Acquisition will start when a valid trigger edge is seen after you send Initiate They continue until either NBst is reached or the opposite polarity edge is seen at which point C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 54 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics the acquisitions pause They resume when the next trigger edge is seen In unbuffered mode this continues indefinitely In buffered mode it continues until NBuf is reached Discriminator Sweep Internal n a n a Special internal mode used for discriminator sweeps only 13 3 Buffer memory If you are taking measurements at a relatively low data rate or if you don t care about having time contiguous data then you can use the unbuffered mode and use the memory of your PC to accumulate the results You can tell the maximum data rate before you will start to loose samples to a reasonable approximation if you are using the PTC Diagnostic host software by observing the Com
68. ilter time constant and also the volts dropped across the series resistor at maximum current HV module Current Smallest load Filter time Filter series Voltage drop Voltage drop rating resistance constant resistor across filter across filter no load full load 2000 0 5 mA 4 3 Mohm 110 usec 33 2 kohm 1V 17 V 2000 1000 1 0 mA 1 0 Mohm 33 usec 10 kohm 0 2 V 10 V 1000 500 500 2 0 mA 250 kohm 16 usec 4 7 kohm lt 0 1 V 10 V 200 200 5 0 mA 40 kohm 0 0 0 0 If the readback value differs from the setpoint by more than the expected drop across the filter resistor you know that the output is either being overloaded by a low resistance to ground or that it is being driven by another source of higher compliance Be aware of how the high voltage readback calibration might affect this We recommend that the calibration is done with no connection to the HV outputs Thus only the no load voltage drop across the filter is hidden by the calibration and when you connect a load you should expect to see small reductions in the measured voltage up to the maxima given in the table The measured voltage is the actual voltage at the output connector C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 51 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics The C400 is available with higher power high voltage modules to special order Please contact Pyramid Technical Consultants or your supplier for more details C
69. ing handled Another pulse arriving during this time is not counted but has no other impact In the paralyzable case we assume that another pulse arriving in the deadtime is not counted but that it can nevertheless extend the deadtime The non paralyzable case is more mathematically tractable so the extent that we can perform a reliable calculation to estimate the counts that were lost assuming only that the counting statistics are Poissonian which is the case for most radiation sources Deadtime Deadtime SS OO m x _ KA d 7 X V Ts p V Counted Counted Not counted Figure 37 Non paralysable deadtime model The deadtime is composed of individual effects such as the processing time of the electronics and the physical duration of the detector pulse and the lengthening of the detector pulse due to integration on parasitic or deliberately introduced capacitances in the signal processing chain Generally one component will dominate and the shorter components have no influence The deadtime due to the C400 itself is better than 10 nsec so in most cases the detector pre amplifier will be limiting The C400 calculates the actual counts for each individual integration period in real time using the equation Nactual Nmeas 1 t T N meas where Nmeas is the actual measured counts in integration length T seconds and t is the fixed deadtime in seconds The correction can be turned on or off using the check box on the
70. ings E Connection intas Initial state of cursor k initial state of cursor keys m Line discipline options Serial Normal Application Local echo h Initial state of numeric keypad 9 Auto Force on Force off I 9 Normal Application NetHack Local line editing Auto Fork an Tote ol Enable extra keyboard features n AllGr acts as Compose key Remote controlled printing Y ControFAltis different from AltGr Printer to send ANSI printer output to None printing disabled lj re m nini E R PuTTYtel Reconfiguration Sl Category Session Options controlling local serial lines Logging Configure the serial line E Terminal Keyboard Speed baud 115252 Bell Features Data bits 8 amp Window bits 1 li Appearance n Behaviour Parity None Translation Selection Elow control None Colours Connection I Serial i li on e E C400_UM_131220 Page 85 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics r EP COMI PuTTY So idn PYRTECHCO c400_1 REVO 0000002645 7 27 84 3 9 1 2 18 0 1 0 65 1 0 18 conf per 05 OK conf accum 1 OK trig buf 6 OK init OK fet coun 6 5 0000e 02 S 0 0 1359468 50000 0 0000e 00 S 0 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O 1 0000e 01 S 0 0 2718935 100000 5 0000e 02 S 1 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V O 1 5000e 01 8 0 0 4078399 150000 1 0000e 01 8 2 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 05 V 0 2 0000e 01 S 0 0 5437859 200000 1 5000e 01 5 3 0
71. intenance except to clear any dust accumulation in the fan filter There are no user serviceable parts inside A CAUTION High voltages may be present inside the case Do not open the case when power is applied If there is buildup of dust in the filter you should clear this by vacuum cleaning in situ or by removing the filter element and cleaning it separately with an air jet Note that detaching the filter element also detaches the fan from the case The C400 is fitted with a 1 1 amp automatically resetting positive temperature coefficient PTC fuse in the 24 VDC input There are individual 200 mA PTC fuses on the pre amplifier power outputs and the fan power feed No user intervention is required if the fuse operates due to overcurrent The fuse will reset when the overcurrent condition ends C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 102 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 31 Returns procedure Damaged or faulty units cannot be returned unless a Returns Material Authorization RMA number has been issued by Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc If you need to return a unit contact Pyramid Technical Consultants at support ptcusa com stating model serial number nature of fault An RMA will be issued including details of which service center to return the unit to C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 103 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 32 Support Manual and software drive
72. ion but the CP10 B reveals individual electron avalanches in the photomultiplier during the light decay which could confuse the discriminator logic and lead to incorrect counting M 50 0ns M 50 0ns M 50 0ns M 50 0ns Figure 39 Pulse shapes from a LaCls scintillation detector as seen by the C400 with CP10 A pre amplifier upper traces and CP10 B pre amplifier lower traces C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 63 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 18 Pulser Outputs The C400 pulser output allows you to perform a full validation of your counting system in suitably configured detector systems An LED is fitted inside the housing of a scintillation detector so that it can deliver light pulses to the scintillator If the LED is driven by short pulses then the resulting detector response can be a good simulation of ionizing radiation events except with exactly known frequency The C400 can generate 5V pulses as short as 1 nsec with a frequency of up to 1 MHz and current up to 30 mA The size of the detector response will depend on the pulse duration and the LED current You can set the current by choosing a series resistor for the LED For a typical LED forward voltage of 2V the LED current will be 3000 R mA Thus a series resistor R of 150 ohms will give current of 20 mA and this is also a good termination for a twisted pair line However you can try any value within the current compliance of the C400 and the
73. ion detector measuring the flux from a small stabilized X ray tube The geometry and the high voltage on the tube were kept constant and the tube emission current was adjusted 6000 5000 4 4000 4 3000 4 Coount rate kHz 2000 4 1000 4 X ray tube emission feedback uA Measured Deadtime corrected data Initial slope Figure 38 Deadtime measurement using a controllable intensity source The blue points are the measured counts recorded by the C400 with no deadtime correction applied as a function of the X ray tube emission current The green line is a linear fit to the first C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 61 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics few data points where we can assume the effect of deadtime is negligible and thus represents the ideal detector response You can see how the recorded counts fall increasingly below the ideal line at increasing intensity as the losses due to deadtime become significant The red points are the recorded values with an off line correction using a deadtime of 30 nsec This was in accordance with the pulse widths as observed on an oscilloscope The validity of the proposed value was checked by entering the value as the deadtime in the C400 and repeating the measurements with correction enabled C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 62 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 17 Pre amplifier selection
74. le Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc releases C400 firmware as a single integrated zip file which is unpacked and uploaded to the correct memory areas by the software You should ensure that the C400 and the host computer will not be disturbed for the four minutes approximately that the update requires To perform the update click the Update All Firmware button on the Properties screen area The software will now warn about the update process and ask if you want to proceed EJ Warning This device firmware update will take approximately 3 minutes You cannot power down the device during this period Would you like to proceed Figure 57 Firmware update warning Navigate to the update file which is typically about 5 Mb in size and has filename C400 Firmware x x x x zip where x x x x is the version number 8 Open G2 Fi Documents gt Pyramid gt Internal developments PSI G2 gt Firmware gt v 4 Search Firmware D Nu Organize y New folder Eee ji e F eos Documents library Arrange by Folder WE Desktop Firmware h Denna 3 Name Type Date modified Size Recent Places 1 C400 Firmware 0 6 6 41 zip Compressed zipp 12 20 2010 15 57 4417 KB I Libraries 5 Documents A Music Pictures PTC Network a Videos File name C400_Firmware_0 6 6 41 zip Y PTC G2 Firmware Archives Figure 58 Selecting the firmware file C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page
75. ltage halfway between the high and low states of the pulses C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 65 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Figure 42 Encoder signals when no differential signals are available A B OV 45V Encoder input C400 Encoder Figure 43 Example bias circuit for encoder inputs when no differential signals are available Page 66 of 107 C400 UM 131220 C400 User Manual PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 20 Connectors 20 1 Front panel connectors Four identical sets of connectors for the four channels 20 1 1 Signal input Four Lemo 00 50 ohm coaxial Core signal C 8 Je Screen AGnd di 20 1 2 Pre amplifier power and other services Four Dsub 9 pin female Pin 5 Pin 1 Pin 9 Pin 6 External view on connector solder side of mating plug 1 DGnd 6 DGnd 2 Pulser out 7 DGnd 3 AGnd 8 12 VDC 4 12VDC 9 AGnd 5 Analog output 20 1 3 High voltage outputs Four SHV male To mate with standard SHV connector Core high voltage 2 kV max Outer screen shield at chassis GND C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 67 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 20 2 Rear panel connectors 20 2 1 Ethernet communications RJ 45 jack To mate with stand
76. may be fed to independent counters or be used to drive ratemeters or oscilloscope external triggers 9 7 Communication to the host computer The C400 provides three alternative communications interfaces to the host computer You must work with a suitable host computer and software to set up acquisitions on the C400 and read back and display the results The most commonly used is the standard 100 10BaseT Ethernet interface which supports TCP IP and UDP protocols The C400 can serve multiple host computers on the network Software is available from Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc which makes the C400 controls and readbacks available as Process Variables for the EPICS data distribution system http www aps anl gov epics EPICS stands for Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System and it is widely used in large scale research systems Once you have a computer running the necessary service program then that computer and any other computer on your network can access the data using a wide range of client software including C C CA Python Java Labview Matlab and Control System Studio There is also a 10 Mbps serial fiber optic channel which provides compatibility with the Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc fiber optic real time loop controllers and thus the complete range of Pyramid products The fiber optic interface can alternatively be used to connect slave devices to the C400 for example the Pyramid M10 device to
77. mber of the PSI G2 range of devices The unit is provided with four hardware interfaces RS 232 RS 485 fiber optic and Ethernet The RS 232 and RS 485 interfaces are intended for simple direct connection to PCs with no other equipment necessary The fiber optic interface provides greater speed excellent noise immunity and allows multiple devices to be connected in a looped topology The Ethernet interface is provided to allow direct connection to systems which are integrated using standard local area network hardware and protocols The C400 can support multiple clients and in particular you can be connected via Ethernet and the serial port at the same time The baud rate type of protocol and choice of RS 232 or RS 485 levels for serial communication is made using the mode switch Only ASCII communication with RS 232 levels is supported on the serial interface with current firmware Therefore the binary and ASCII settings of the mode switch are equivalent for example both setting O and setting 3 give the same 115kbps ASCII communication If the Ethernet connection is made then the Ethernet port becomes active The connection speed is negotiated when the connection is made in the normal way Allocation of transmit and receive lines at the C400 is also automatic so you don t need to worry about whether you are using a patch cable or a crossover cable The mode switch and address switch have no function for Ethernet communications LEDs incorporat
78. ms rate indication For example if the rate is shown as 20 Hz then you can take readings with integration time down to 50 000 usec before you will start missing data points in the logged data The fact that data is missing is evident from the gaps in the trigger counts as shown in the following examples which used internal trigger mode timestamr triggercoui channel 1 channel 1 channel 2 channel 2 channel 3 channel 3 channel 4 channel 4 encodercount 25 6 0 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 4357 0 05 20 25 7 1 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 4147 0 05 20 25 8 2 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 4431 0 05 20 25 9 3 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 4124 0 05 20 26 4 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 4661 0 05 20 26 1 5 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 4559 0 05 20 26 2 6 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 5180 0 05 20 26 3 7 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 4200 0 05 20 26 4 8 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 4405 0 05 20 26 5 9 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 5103 0 05 20 26 6 10 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 5080 0 05 20 26 7 11 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 4433 0 05 20 26 8 12 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 4120 0 05 20 Figure 32 Unbuffered logged data with a 10 Hz comms rate 100000 usec integration time timestamp triggercoui channel 1 channel 1 channel 2 channel 2 channel 3 channel 3 channel 4 channel 4 encodercount 0 01 1 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 405 0 05 20 0 11 11 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 321 0 05 20 0 21 21 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 351 0 05 20 0 31 31 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 360 0 05 20 0 41 41 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 0 05 425 0
79. multipliers avalanche photodiodes silicon photomultipliers and diamond detectors or indeed any sensor that produces fast pulses in response to incoming radiation of particles or photons Many photomultipliers are biased with negative high voltage as shown in figure 5 with the result that the pulses emerging at the bottom of the dynode chain are ground referenced and can be connected directly to DC coupled pre amplifier or even directly to the C400 inputs if they have sufficient amplitude However many photomultipliers are biased with positive high voltage at the anode and a grounded photocathode The pulses are then referenced to the high voltage In this case they must be AC coupled using a suitably rated capacitor before connecting to the preamplifier or the C400 Often such decoupling capacitors are integrated into the tube base bias network 8 3 2 Cables A pre amplifier near the detector provides impedance matching so that the pulses can be transmitted along 50 ohm coaxial cable into a 50 ohm terminating impedance A cable length of up to 10 metres 33 feet should cause no problems The cable will of course attenuate the pulse amplitude with the higher frequency components of the pulse being attenuated more Assuming C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 22 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics that the lowest and dominant frequency component of the pulse is around 20 MHz corresponding to a typical 25 nsec pulse width
80. n con roo noc noo sesenta sensu 95 JPR 5 location bootloader mode jumper installed 4 eeeeee eee eee eese eese eene ee sete enastnaco 96 AGO TeCOVOEy SCEGOD sccssasccvussccscseetscsntsdocssesacsecnassesdseseussocevbsttedentessecsoonedseensseneceseadeecessecesseeessbessevesessansie 97 C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 7 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 3 Safety Information This unit is designed for compliance with harmonized electrical safety standard EN61010 1 2000 It must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions Operators of the unit are expected to be qualified personnel who are aware of electrical safety issues The customer s Responsible Body as defined in the standard must ensure that operators are provided with the appropriate equipment and training The unit is designed to make measurements in Measurement Category I as defined in the standard A CAUTION According to installed options the C400 can generate high voltages as follows present on the central conductor of the SHV Safe High Voltage connectors or 2000 V DC at 0 5 mA maximum Or or 1000 V DC at 1 0 mA maximum Or or 500 V DC at 2 0 mA maximum Or or 200 V DC at 5 0 mA maximum The hazardous live voltages on the SHV central conductor are not accessible under the definitions of EN61010 but may nevertheless give a noticeable shock if misuse were to
81. ng plug 1 Enc A 6 5 VDC out 2 Enc A 7 DGnd 3 Enc B 8 DGnd 4 Enc B 9 Enc Z 5 Enc Z 20 2 7 Monitor outputs Four Lemo 00 coaxial 20 2 8 Power input 2 1 mm threaded jack To mate with Switchcraft S761K or equivalent A Center pin 24VDC 20 2 9 Ground lug M4 threaded stud To mate with M4 ring lug C400 User Manual C400_UM_131220 Page 69 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 21 Controls and Indicators 21 1 Front panel controls None 21 2 Rear panel controls 21 2 1 Reset button Momentary push button that forces a warm reset of the on board processor If you keep the button pressed during boot up the IP address is forced to the default of 192 168 100 20 21 2 2 Address switch 16 position rotary switch setting device address for use when you have the C400 as a client device on a fiber optic loop Choice of address is arbitrary but each device in a fiber optic loop system must have a unique address Setting Function 0 Reserved to loop controller 1 15 Available address settings If you are using the C400 as a loop controller the address switch has no function 21 2 3 Mode switch 10 position rotary switch setting communications mode This switch is read if a connection is made to the serial connector The ASCII protocol is provided for ease of connection to existing systems and simple terminal programs Note that binary communication
82. nge IP address Use a direct cable connection instead of a network Set up IP addresses and subnet masks to prevent conflicts Communications interruptions Other processes on PC host interfering with comms ports Use a dedicated PC with simple configuration and minimum number of processes running Unable to connect on serial port Another program is using the COM port Try to access the required port with a terminal program Choose another port or close down the other program Incorrect port settings Correct the settings Incorrect cable Make up a suitable cable Responses to ASCII serial commands are slow Old firmware version is installed Check version should be 0 7 23 82 or later Update firmware Command requires flash write Watch messages in G2 Diagnostic after sending the ASCII command Host application must allow time for commands that require flash memory writes by the C400 Unexpected behavior Unit is overheating due to failed fan Unit feels warm Fan stopped Return unit for fan replacement Unit is overheating due to airflow blockage Unit feels warm Performance improves when operated on the bench Clear space around the unit and improve airflow C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 101 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 30 Maintenance The C400 does not require routine ma
83. nonononononononenonininenines 96 28 2 USING THE A60 RECOVERY UTILITY eese nh hne h ehe n enne eene enne enne eren enne nnne 97 PA MES A O 98 C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 4 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics EMBUOnrn 102 31 RETURNS PROCEDURE eese reete tns tnt tn tosta ttn tn statis tns ont tn EEEREN ATESTE 103 32 SUPPORT 104 nr 105 34 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY eeeeeeee esent tn testata tns on stata sont ta tns tn stata sensa tn sensa tn sensn EENE 106 E EMEBNDOAAIOn 107 C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 5 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 2 Figures Figure 1 Serial adaptor cable eere ee eee e eee ee eese teens enses enata estis sins tn sensns enses esses sensns ens en senses essen suus 12 Figure 2 CP10 pre amplifieT 13 Figure 3 C400 front and rear panels Dimensions mm eeeeeeee eese esee s ts tn sse tn sensns enses essen sensus 18 Figure 4 C400 case plan and side views Dimensions mm eeeeeeeee esee eee tenentes sensns tasas enses esses sensus 19 Figure 5 Schematic example C400 installation eere reete esee seen en eene tn nennt s tates sensns enata sto s enses
84. ny pre amplifier that is attached to the channel Analog out The gain values are in DAC bits per volt and the offsets are in volts These DAC values can be altered manually based upon measurement of the analog output voltage with an independent meter HV DAC The gain values are in DAC bits per volt and the offsets are in volts These values can be altered manually based upon measurement of the high voltage output with an independent meter HV readback The gain values are in volts per ADC bit and the offsets are in volts These ADC values are adjusted automatically by the C400 when you press the Calibrate button at the bottom of the display area The HV setpoint DACs must be calibrated using external equipment before using this function You should ensure that there is nothing connected to the high voltage connectors before C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 44 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics pressing Calibrate The process takes a few minute to complete you will see the Busy indicator lit After calibration you should see good agreement between the commanded HV values and the readback Clear All Clicking the Clear button deletes all the stored calibration values setting all the Calibrations offsets to zero and all the gains to default values 10 3 7 Properties The properties tab provides details of the C400 hardware and software versions serial number and network configurati
85. od or as the equivalent count rate in Hz or KHz The displayed data can be filtered by a low pass filter to allow you to pick trends from noisy data C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 36 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 160 165 5 275 ea feacondal y orava e E zero Lejos _smp Scope JA Hegan J 1944 Samples he Coa fe Save viu motos 7 E zero arae _smp Scope V Hitara J 2940 Samples decem save Figure 16 Increasing the low pass filtering of the displayed data You can remove any zero offset count rate and thus display changes relative to that offset This means you may see negative frequencies En Zero zero i Figure 17 Zero offset subtraction control inactive and active All of these display options can be selected independently of the acquisition mode and do not affect the raw data or the logged data only how it is displayed on the graphic Any subset of the four channels can be selected for display on the graphic by checking and unchecking the channels in the Data area The vertical scale can be set to autoscale or to be set to various fixed values using the drop down control 10 3 2 1 Data logging The PTCDiagnosticG2 software has a data buffer which can accumulate up to 65535 samples at which point it wraps around and starts overwriting the oldest data Accumulation starts automatically when you click Initiate You can c
86. oduct line December 10 2007 and its continuations and the 1400 Technical Construction File for detailed testing information Product C400 Pulse counting detector controller Year of initial manufacture 2010 Applicable Directives 73 23 EEC Low Voltage Directive Laws for electrical equipment within certain voltage limits 89 336 EEC EMC Directive Laws relating to electromagnetic compatibility Applicable Standards IEC 610101 2002 2 Edition UL 61010 1 2004 EN 61326 1997 A1 1998 A2 2001 EN 55011 1998 A2 2002 EN 61000 6 2 2001 Electromagnetic Compatibility Generic Standard Immunity for Industrial Applications Issuing Agencies Safety TUV Rheinland North America 12 Commerce Rd Newtown CT 06470 USA EMC TUV Rheinland North America 12 Commerce Rd Newtown CT 06470 USA Applicable Markings FUV FCC CE EDO m Authorized by 2 f JL xc dibus me AO President Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc Date i i Veg RE S Ch The Technical Construction Fik required by theses Directives are maintained at the offices of Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc 1030 Waltham Street Lexington MA 02421 USA A copy of this file rs available within the EU at the offices of Pyramid Technical Consultants Europe Lid Suite 3 Unit 6 7 Henfield Business Park Henfield BNS 9SL United Kingdom C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 106 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 35 Revision History The releas
87. oesesorossesoroesesororsesosoesosoroeserocsesororsesosossesoroesesosoese 46 Figure 27 CIE CAE Y V RR M SESS k esis 47 Figure 28 The basic discriminator circuit ceci eee reete eene ee eene en tenen etn stas tns enses esses seasons tasto senses essen suus 48 Figure 29 C400 block schematic 4 eere eee reete tenete eene en einen ntn senatus tates eena sensns enses esses sensns tasso senses essen suus 49 Figure 30 High voltage jumper settings eere eese eerte eene eene nennen tnt sets tone tn non non non noo ronca sts sensns enses esses eta suus 52 Figure 31 C400 acquisition state diagram eee ee eee eese eee eene en tenens enata sens enses testes s tassa sensns enses essen snae 53 Figure 32 Unbuffered logged data with a 10 Hz comms rate 100000 usec integration time 55 Figure 33 Unbuffered logged data with a 10 Hz comms rate 10000 usec integration time 55 Figure 34 Buffered logged data with a 10 Hz comms rate 10 psec integration time eese 56 Figure 35 Example of monitor output pulse eeeeeee eee reete eene enses tenens tns tns enses estes s essen sensns enses esses etn snae 57 Figure 36 Na 22 spectrum acquire using discriminator sweep eee ee eee eene esent nete etes tn sensns enses sene ta suae 58 Figure 37 Non paralysable deadtime model
88. on You can perform firmware updates and change the IP configuration for Ethernet communications Properties Firmware Update All Firmware Firmware Version 0 7 5 92 OS Firmware 0 3 0 16 Wed Mar 7 23 31 18 2012 Realtime Application 0 2 5 3 Wed Mar 7 23 32 11 2012 FPGA 0 1 0 56 Secondary FPGA 0 1 0 17 Hardware Revision 0 Communications Configure IP Addess 192 168 100 20 Mode Static IPv4 MAC 00 50 c2 97 5a 55 Serial Number 0000002645 Baseboard 0000000000 Figure 25 Properties tab 10 3 7 1 Firmware Version details of the four embedded codes are listed Pressing the Update All Firmware button starts the sequence of a full update of all these codes If you press this button you can still cancel the process at the firmware file selection stage See section 27 for full details about firmware updating 10 3 7 2 Changing the IP address You can alter the C400 IP address to any valid setting or enable DHCP in which case the C400 will be assigned an address by a router C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 45 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Name Mode Static y Static IP Address DHCP 00 20 Net Mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway 192 168 100 1 System Log 0 0 0 0 Note Changing these settings will cause you to lose communication with the device E Figure 26 IP address configuration dialog Name Enter a unique name for the C400 th
89. onsuitants inc PTCDiagnosticG is being installed Figure 7 PTC DiagnosticG2 installation The installer will create a subdirectory in the Program Files directory containing all the executables and configuration files and create shortcuts on your desktop and in the Start menu 10 2 Connecting to the C400 The following steps take you through the process of connecting to the device 1 It is simplest to start with a direct connection from your host computer to the C400 using a CATS or CAT6 Ethernet cable as shown below The C400 is shipped with a default static IP address and in this state it is able to communicate on this minimal network which does not include DHCP address allocation The network cable can be a patch or a crossover type the C400 automatically adjusts itself to suit C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 29 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics C400 uu UM lal O EF UI UN os LE Ethernet 24V power in P gt Figure 8 Direct Ethernet connection Once you have established reliable communication and set a suitable unique IP address then you can move the C400 onto a general local area network if required 2 The device is set with IP address 192 168 100 20 at shipment unless you have requested otherwise Once you have a connection you can change this setting to whatever you want including DHC
90. ould then see the voltage ramp to the set point Analog out The C400 has a precision 5V analog output for each channel You can set the value directly in this edit box This may be used for example to program a remote high voltage supply 10 3 4 2 Trigger setup The second setup sub tab gives you access to the trigger controls You can select from various pre defined trigger modes using the drop down control C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 40 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Channels Trigger Other Triggering Mode Internal M Start Y Initiate On BNC Rising Edge Pause Burst Size Unlimited On 7 Bnc Falling Edge On 7 anc Falling Edge Buffer Contiguous Data Buffer Size 2000 Figure 21 Trigger setup parameters If you choose Custom mode you get complete control of the conditions that start pause and stop data acquisition using the selection and parameter boxes The External modes are various specific start pause and stop conditions that you could also enter via Custom mode If you simply want to acquire counts right away without worrying about the complexities of triggering select Internal trigger mode See section 13 for full details about triggering Trigger Several trigger modes are available with this drop down control mode External Start External Start Stop External Start Hold External Windowed Discriminator Sweep Custom The user has full con
91. pectrum for you and thus allow you to adjust discriminator levels and high voltage settings to optimum values Calibration Controls for the calibration of all built in digital to analog and analog to digital converters Properties Firmware version display and update controls and IP address setting C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 34 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 10 3 2 Graphic display area There are three ways of displaying incoming data in a graphical way as a rolling strip chart as a scope display and as a histogram Strip Data from the four channels with the selected averaging is plotted onto a rolling strip chart as it is acquired The horizontal axis is the time of acquisition and the vertical y axis is the current You can select automatic or fixed vertical scaling Scope A 256 sample data block that has been buffered in the C400 is displayed as a whole The next available data block replaces the previous one as a whole in the display This mode is similar to the operation of a digital storage oscilloscope and is most appropriate for displaying buffered signals acquired in response to an external trigger The screen looks the same as strip mode Histogram The count or rate in each channel is displayed as a vertical bar This mode emulates a ratemeter and can be useful for instrument tuning Clicking in the graphic area adds a color coded cursor whi
92. pported TST Not supported WAI Not supported 23 2 IEEE 488 2 Optional commands RCL Recall device configuration from flash SAV Save device configuration to flash The settings covered by RCL and SAV are CONFigure ACCUMulate CONFigure DAC CONFigure DLO CONFigure DHI C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 79 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics CONFigure POLarity CONFigure PERiod CONFigure PULSer CONFigure DEADtime CONFigure HIVOltage VOLts TRIGger BUFfer TRIGger BURst TRIGger MODe TRIGger SOURce TRIGger POLarity Note that the CONFigure HIVOltage ENable settings are not included Settings saved using SAV are automatically recalled when the device is turned on 23 3 C400 specific commands ABORt Abort measurement CONFigure ACCUulate 011 2 Set query the accumulate mode 0 the counters are reset to zero for the start of each integration 1 the counters are not reset for the start of each integration DAC Ch Val Set analog outputs DAC Ch to Val volts Query all 4 DAC settings DEADtime Set query the deadtime correction in ns to be applied to the incoming counts for all channels DHI Hil Hi2 Hi3 Set query the discriminator high level Hil Hi4 in volts for Hi4 each channel The sign is ignored see CONFigure POLarity DLO Lol Lo2 Lo3 Set query the discriminator low level Lo1 Lo4 in
93. provide extended I O capability Finally a serial interface which can be operated with RS 232 or RS 485 levels provides a simple interface for applications where high data rates are not needed An ASCII protocol is supported based on the SCPI standard The C400 will support parallel communication on Ethernet and serial interfaces although the results may be confusing if both are attempting to control and read back the C400 at once The initial C400 software release supports the Ethernet ASCII serial interfaces and connection of slave devices via fiber optic The other interfaces will be added in a future release 9 8 Communication to slave devices The fiber optic interface allows other devices such as the Pyramid M10 general I O unit to connect to the C400 and thus be visible to the host software With this capability you can build up a sophisticated measurement and control system around a C400 C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 26 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 9 9 Embedded software The C400 runs an embedded version of the Linux operating system on NIOS processors implemented in the FPGAs Four firmware files make up a full release and you can update with a single file which integrates all the releases and thus ensures that you have compatible versions C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 27 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 10 Getting Started using the PTC DiagnosticG2 Host Pro
94. puter where x xx is the version of the Diagnostic The program will run on Windows XP Vista and Windows 7 The PC must have a standard Ethernet port Run the installer and follow the prompts On Windows 7 systems you will be asked to allow the installer to make changes to the computer after the confirmation stage You will require administrator access to permit this C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 28 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Welcome to the PTCDiagnosticG2 Setup Select Installation Folder i Pramo amp Technical Consutarts inc YRAMID echnical Consuitants inc The installer will guide you through the steps required to install PTCDiagnosticG2 on your computer The installer will install PTCDiagnosticG2 to the following folder To install in this folder click Next To install to a different folder enter it below or click Browse Folder C Program Files Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc PTCDiagnostic WARNING This computer program is protected by copyright law and international treaties Install PTCDiagnosticG2 for yourself or for anyone who uses this computer Unauthorized duplication or distribution of this program or any portion of it may result in severe civil or criminal penalties and will be prosecuted to the maximum extent possible under the law 2 Q Everyone gt Just me iron Installing PTCDiagnosticG2 Pro echnical C
95. r Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 23 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 9 How the C400 Works An Overview The C400 is a very powerful instrument which provides many facilities for measuring fast pulses at high rates on four channels In this section we shall take a general overview of these capabilities 9 1 Pulse height discrimination and counting Incoming fast pulses are terminated in 50 ohms and the resulting voltage is compared to user defined discriminator levels If the pulse height lies between the low and high discriminator thresholds then a counter is incremented and a standard height fast pulse is transmitted from the monitor output Note that pulses from photomultipliers and other electron multiplier types are negative going The C400 can also handle positive going pulses if required to suit inverting pre amplifiers or detectors that produce positive pulses Not Counted Not counted counted OV B MP ULD foes J Figure 6 Comparator operation The comparator circuit includes some hysteresis in the thresholds to avoid spurious counts due to noise on the trailing side of a pulse The pulses are counted for a user defined integration time then the counter is reset and the process repeats There is no deadtime between the integrations You get better counting statistics for any given integration if the int
96. r updates are available for download from the Pyramid Technical Consultants website at www ptcusa com Technical support is available by email from supportOptcusa com Please provide the model number and serial number of your unit plus relevant details of your application C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 104 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 33 Disposal We hope that the C400 gives you long and reliable service The C400 is manufactured to be compliance with the European Union RoHS Directive 2002 95 EC and as such should not present any health hazard Nevertheless when your C400 has reached the end of its working life you must dispose of it in accordance with local regulations in force If you are disposing of the product in the European Union this includes compliance with the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive WEEE 2002 96 EC Please contact Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc for instructions when you wish to dispose of the device C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 105 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 34 Declaration of Conformity Declaration of Conformity Issued by Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc 1050 Waltham Street Lexington MA 02321 USA The undersigned hereby declares on behalf of Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc that the referenced product conforms to the provisions as listed Refer to the document Extension of testing and analysis to the PTC pr
97. rating of the LED in the detector C400 Figure 40 Test pulser LED connection Having chosen a suitable LED current you should then observe the detector pulses on an oscilloscope and adjust the pulse duration to give the best match to real radiation events C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 64 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 19 Encoder Input Many situations require that the measurements from one or more detectors are correlated with the physical position of a sample or of the detector itself The encoder input on the C400 allows a standard position encoder to be read out in synchronization with the pulse counting measurements The encoder input handles standard differential quadrature signals A Figure 41 Differential quadrature signals from a shaft encoder clockwise movement The input voltages can be up to 25 V with a differential of greater than 0 2 V necessary to define an input state Input levels of 0 V and 5 V are typical A 5 VDC output is provided which can be used to power suitably rated encoders A differential index signal is also supported Differential signals are recommended for their good noise immunity However many encoders only provide A and B inputs In this case you should bias the unused A and B inputs and Z if you are using the index to a vo
98. ration time there can be an appreciable delay before the first data appears on the DiagnosticG2 display C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 56 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 14 Monitor Outputs The monitor outputs provide a standard 10 nsec TTL logic pulse into a 50 ohm load whenever an incoming pulse into the corresponding channel falls into the discriminator window The lag between the arrival of the pulse and the output of the monitor is around 80 nsec after the discriminator conditions are met In the following figure the input pulse and the discriminator levels are shown in yellow and the resulting monitor output pulse in blue M Pos 51 00ns Action File Format M 25 0ns Figure 35 Example of monitor output pulse You can use the monitor outputs to drive external scalers or diagnostic devices such as ratemeters If you are viewing the input pulses on a digital oscilloscope and also feeding them to the C400 then the monitor can make a very useful trigger for the oscilloscope that selects only the pulses in your range of interest for display This is not possible on an analog oscilloscope because the monitor occurs after the incoming pulse C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 57 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 15 Discriminator Sweep In order to make informed decisions about setting detector high voltage and the discriminator levels you need to know about the r
99. rdinate pulse counting with the position of a motion system The C400 has design features which make it tolerant of electrically noisy environments but the place of use is otherwise assumed to be clean and sheltered for example a laboratory or light industrial environment The unit may be used stand alone or networked with other devices and integrated into a larger system Users are assumed to be experienced in the general use of precision electronic circuits for sensitive measurements and to be aware of the dangers that can arise in high voltage circuits 7 2 Key Features Four fully parallel high speed window comparators and 100 MHz scalers Four independent high voltage outputs for detector biasing Four power supply outlets for remote pre amplifiers Four analog voltage outputs for remote HV control or other uses Four LED pulser outputs Input for quadrature position encoder Discriminated monitor pulse outputs Gate inputs and output for triggering on external events and trigger distribution Ethernet interface with TCP IP and UDP messaging Static and DHCP IP address assignment Alternative RS 232 RS 485 and fast fiber optic serial interfaces built in Selectable baud rates RS 485 operation will be enabled in a future firmware release Can be operated in a fiber optic serial communication loop with up to fourteen other devices Fiber optic host communication will be enabled in a future firmware release Slave devices can
100. s over RS 232 or RS 485 1s not currently supported by the C400 only so settings O and 3 are equivalent so are 1 and 4 and so on Setting Protocol Baud rate Signal levels 0 8 bit binary 115 2 kbps RS 232 1 8 bit binary 57 6 kbps RS 232 2 8 bit binary 19 2 kbps RS 232 3 ASCII 115 2 kbps RS 232 4 ASCII 57 6 kbps RS 232 3 ASCII 19 2 kbps RS 232 6 8 bit binary 115 2 kbps RS 485 7 8 bit binary 57 6 kbps RS 485 8 ASCII 115 2 kbps RS 485 9 ASCII 57 6 kbps RS 485 C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 70 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 21 3 Front panel indicators 21 3 1 HV on Four yellow LEDs Illuminated if the HV supply is enabled on the channel 21 4 Rear panel indicators Eight green LEDs 2v O O com 25v Ethernet Initiated E Optical Active E Seria Figure 44 LED functions 21 4 1 24V Green LED 24 VDC power is present 21 4 2 2 5V Green LED 5V DC DC converter is running 2 5 V regulator running and generating 2 5 VDC power 21 4 3 Initiated Green LED Unit has been initiated and triggered to acquire data 21 4 4 Active Green LED C400 processor has booted and is running normally 21 4 5 Com Green LED A host communication channel is active 21 4 6 Ethernet Green LED Ethernet commands are being received The on state is stretched so that it can be seen This LED does not illuminate for pings or if the C400 is stre
101. some typical cable attenuations are Coax type Attenuation perl0m Distance to reduce amplitude to half RG 58 Belden 9201 0 55 dB 108m RG 174 Belden 9239 1 18 dB 51m RG 316 M17 172 1 16 dB 52m If you connect the photomultiplier output directly to the C400 then the cable length must be much less The capacitive load of the cable will tend to integrate the signal reducing its height and degrading the pulse pair resolution We recommend maximum capacitive load of 50 pF at which point the amplitude of the fastest detector pulses is reduced to about 6796 when driving a 50 ohm load This corresponds to a length of about 50 cm of miniature coaxial cable such as RG 174 or RG 316 The high voltage cable should be coaxial with a DC rating sufficient for the maximum voltage you expect to use RG 59 is a good choice with a DC rating of 2 1 kV However many photomultipliers do not require a voltage this high and use a smaller coaxial cable such as RG 316 for convenience SHV connectors that accept this smaller cable size are available from Pasternack PE4498 and Tyco 5051426 8 and 51426 8 The pre amplifier power cables must be well screened multi way cable It is important to avoid injecting noise into wideband pre amplifiers We recommend that the screen is connected at the C400 end and the pre amplifier end although you may find that it is beneficial to connect at one end only in some noise environments C400 Use
102. some values may be lost because of limitations in the communications rate but this is always obvious in any data you take because the readings are individually time stamped Buffered mode uses the internal memory of the C400 to store up to 65535 sets of readings from the four channels They are transmitted to the host while the data is accumulating in the buffer in segments of typically 400 readings so that the data you see on the host computer is always relatively recent There is no break in the readings even at the shortest integration times Burst mode subdivides the buffer memory you allocate into smaller bursts of readings Each burst is accumulated in response to an external trigger This mode is useful if you have bursts of high speed data interspersed with periods when there is no useful data Accumulation mode is a means of obtaining very long integration times by accumulating counts across multiple individual integrations The latest status of the accumulation can be read out in the background without disturbing the counting 9 4 Detector services Each of the four channels provides the services typically needed to operate a detector system The C400 can be fitted with four individual programmable high voltage modules to provide bias voltage to the detectors Most applications will require all four to be specified with the same polarity and voltage range although the C400 can accommodate them all being different if necessary If you
103. tage and the discriminator levels you need information about the distribution of pulse heights The C400 provides an automatic discriminator sweep facility that displays a spectrum of pulse heights allowing you to make informed decisions about the settings The discriminator and high voltage settings are reproduced in this display area so that you can enter the values you choose conveniently See section 15 for further details C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 42 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Discriminator Sweep v Enable Discriminator Sweep Polarity zd es Start 0 10V 7 End 3 00V Increment 0 020 V Dwell Time 10 ms VA up LLD 2 00 V 0 05 V mv 100V 5 Max 2000 V UM uo LLO 3 09 V 0 05 V ov MENGE Max 2000 V VE uo LLO 2 00 V 0 05 V Hv 500V E Max 2000 V val ULD LLD 2 00 V 0 05 V mv 1000 VE Max 2000 V Figure 23 Discriminator sweep controls Enable Discriminator sweep is a special acquisition mode that you must enable by discriminator checking the box The usual upper and lower levels are overridden by the sweep dynamic values used in the sweep Start End These controls set the starting and ending lower discriminator levels for the sweep Increment The window that is swept through the pulse height range and thus the resolution of the measurement is set by the increment control The steps are the same size so that
104. tem Controls and Diagnostics a PTC Diagnostic 5 eorr Stop System Qj Start System System s c400 1 192 168 100 53 res mene Comms T99 HZ Connected 6 Busy Measuring amp Error Initiate Abort 4 19216810053 c4001 kot M10 6 Loop 1 Address 6 Connected Busy Measuring Error Ii M 2 9 I 0 014 I 8 out 2 ing 200 ig l 00 s TT T T T T 96 98 100 104 NT eee nN 7 ii 5 v auto E al PEKI Yao esa a seo iran 962 sample dll Setup Calibration M State Idle Measuring as Figure 55 Connecting an M10 device through the C400 C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 90 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 25 Creating a Host Software Application Pyramid Technical Consultants Inc provides a full application programming interface for the C400 based upon a C library Full details are available upon request The Pyramid IG2 package uses an EPICS channel access server to make the C400 process variables available to the EPICS data distribution service The data and controls can then be accessed by a wide range of client applications See section 26 for further details Alternatively for less demanding applications you can use the ASCII serial protocol which can be accessed using generic serial device services in environmen
105. tem Controls and Diagnostics 12 High Voltage Supplies 12 1 Setting the High Voltage Supplies The C400 is available with a one watt high voltage supply suitable for biasing photomultipliers continuous dynode multiplier and diodes The voltage range can be specified at time of purchase from 200 500 1000 and 2000V with either polarity This can be done individually by channel although this is not recommended due to the risk of connecting a detector to the wrong high voltage output The A60 processor reads internal jumpers to detect the supply rating Note that the supplies are not intended to deliver output voltage less than about 1096 of their maximum rating The front panel HV on LED illuminates when the adjacent output is enabled The set value can be adjusted at any time If you are using the PTC Diagnostic software and have checked Auto Initiate any measurement in progress will restart so you can see the effect of the change at once The outputs of the high voltage modules are filtered by an RC filter to reduce ripple and noise For large current drains there will be a voltage drop across the series resistor but you can see the actual output voltage because readback is taken from a voltage divider after the filter directly on the HV output The voltage divider places a fixed 60 Mohm load on the supply The following table gives the smallest value of external load resistance that the various supply options can drive at full voltage the f
106. the C400 input Here the pulse height is compared to the lower and upper discriminator levels and if it lies between them a pulse is counted High voltage for the photomultiplier is provided by the C400 as is DC power for the pre amplifier A test LED built into the scintillator assembly is driven by the pulser output of the C400 to provide a diagnostic test In the example shown a goniometer is used to position a sample for example in a diffraction experiment and the C400 is able to read the position encoder so that signal counts can be correlated to sample position A gate input signal is used to trigger measurements and the C400 gate output signal is passed to another unit that needs to be triggered for example another C400 The monitor output is used to feed pulses to an external counting device such as a ratemeter C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 21 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Pulser LED Goniometer mm ik Test pulses T an T 2 ue pom e LL 1 E l LE Preamp i a Photomultiplier Base Signal is rea pulses power Encoder pulses HV m o n del AM BS eee Ratemeter LAN switch Trigger out 24V power in FAN Trigger in Discriminated pulses Figure 5 Schematic example C400 installation Other signal sources can include channel electron
107. the display of the data is the counts per integration period or the corresponding count rate in Hz or kHz C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 38 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 10 3 4 Setup display detector discriminator and counter scaler control The Setup screen area is the second tab in the right hand screen area It is divided in its turn into three sub tabs covering channel setup discriminator and HV settings trigger setup and other setups The integration time and accumulation setting is common to all the sub tabs Setup Integration Time 20000 ys gt Accumulate Figure 19 Integration time control Integration This sets the time intervals over which the scalers accumulate counts and thus the time rate that new readings are taken You can set from 10 usec to 1000000 usec one second You would generally use longer times for low count rates but note that you can always sum any number of consecutive readings in host computer data processing to achieve the effect of very long integrations Accumulate Checking this box stops the counters from being reset to zero after each integration period In this way you can achieve effective integration times arbitrary length Accumulate mode is primarily intended for use with the serial ASCII interface where the host system is not necessarily in continual communication with the C400 In order for any change you make in a param
108. the ones that you expose in the system file will be visible to EPICS The convention of wires for Pyramid device process variables and the fixed names of those wires for each supported product are described in Pyramid document ig2_scripting_v pdf where is the document revision number The document also describes how you can scale the values for example to convert voltages from general purpose I O devices to physical units relevant to the item they are controlling and how you can set up monitoring against tolerance bands The choice of a corresponding working name for each wire is up to the user you may wish to choose something descriptive that is relevant to what you are measuring or controlling We nevertheless recommend a naming convention that makes it clear whether a value is a readback or control the prefixes c and r_ are used in the example which particular device the value is associated with and a number or letter to indicate the channel for multichannel devices C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 93 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 27 Updating Firmware The C400 has four embedded firmware installations which need to be compatible with each other The installations are the Linux operating system the NIOS processor real time application and the FPGA programs for primary and secondary FPGAs In order to simplify the task of updating the firmware and ensuring the versions are all compatib
109. thing is counted If the bit is not reset it is counted into the scalers The scalers have a depth of 32 bits or 4 3 billion counts They are read out transparently with no interruption to the counting An overflow bit which can be read by software is set if a scaler overflows 11 2 Overall circuit The C400 is based around high performance two field programmable gate arrays FPGAs which handle all data collection processing and communications One is on the standard Pyramid A60 processor module which includes the NIOS II embedded processor core which runs the C400 real time application The A60 manages all the communications with the host computer It reads the communication mode switches jumpers on the main board that inform it about system configuration and drives the system status LEDs C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 48 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics Status LEDs Signal inputs UL and LL discriminators UL and LL discriminators A60 controller Ethernet gt UL and LL Fiber optics discriminators M UL and LL addr switch Discriminator levels L Differential receiver Encoder HV LEDs HV outputs 7 Y 7 Y HV enable a HV module a Monitor outputs CH HV module rcH HV module 4
110. to connect using editable xml files Once IG2 is running on a computer in your network then any other computer can run a client program which can display and control the process variables for the devices In the simple network in figure 56 the process variables of and C400 and an M10 attached to the C400 via fiber optics are exposed to the network by the IG2 service running on a server computer One or more client computers can then access the values IG2 server Router Switch Figure 56 Simple example network for EPICS communications C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 92 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics There is a wide range of client interfaces from the EPICS community including interfaces for C C Java Python Labview and Matlab TM The Control System Studio or CS Studio http controlsystemstudio github 10 is a set of ready made tools built on Java and Eclipse http www eclipse org that allows users to get started with little or no programming required There are various logging plotting post processing and alarm point tools A fully featured drag and drop user interface editor BOY allows quite complex customized user interfaces to be created with minimum development time 26 2 Installing and Configuring IG2 The IG2 package is available to users of Pyramid products It is supplied as a zip file which should be de compressed and th
111. trol over the start pause and stop conditions Internal The C400 generates its own triggers so acquisition starts as soon as the unit is initiated External Start After initiation the C400 waits for a rising falling edge on the gate input to start integrating counts External Start Stop After initiation the C400 waits for a rising falling edge on the gate input to start integrating counts A falling rising edge stops the acquisition External Start Hold After initiation the C400 waits for a rising falling edge on the gate input to start integrating counts A falling rising edge suspends the acquisition until the next rising edge External Windowed The way that acquisitions are triggered and the numbers of readings that are taken in response to triggers is controlled by the trigger mode the buffer size and the burst count This is explained in more detail in section 13 Discriminator sweep A special triggering mode reserved for the discriminator sweep function Buffer size If you require contiguous readings at high rates then you must buffer the data in the C400 because the communication link and the host computer cannot be guaranteed to keep up with the data rate You can define a buffer of up to 65536 C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 41 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics readings Data is uploaded to the host in blocks of 100 while the acquisition is in progress If you set a
112. ts such as Labview and EPICS Contact your supplier for more details about the options C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 91 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 26 Interfacing to EPICS 26 1 What is EPICS The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS http www aps anl gov epics is A set of Open Source software tools libraries and applications developed collaboratively and used worldwide to create distributed soft real time control systems for scientific instruments such as particle accelerators telescopes and other large scientific experiments EPICS uses Client Server and Publish Subscribe techniques to communicate between the various computers Most servers called Input Output Controllers or IOCs perform real world I O and local control tasks and publish this information to clients using the Channel Access CA network protocol CA is specially designed for the kind of high bandwidth soft real time networking applications that EPICS is used for and is one reason why it can be used to build a control system comprising hundreds of computers There are EPICS services for serial ASCII devices that can be used as the basis for custom EPICS interfaces for the C400 Alternatively Pyramid supplies an executable called IG2 which embeds an open source Channel Access Server from the EPICS community This allows connection via the Ethernet interface IG2 is configured for the devices you wish
113. u can ping the device from a command window prompt Microsoft Windows Version 6 1 7600 Copyright c 2009 Microsoft Corporation All rights reserved C Users John gt ping 192 168 100 20 Pinging 192 168 100 20 with 32 bytes of data Reply from 192 168 100 20 bytes 32 time lt 1ms TTL 64 Reply from 192 168 100 20 bytes 32 time 1ms TTL 64 Reply from 192 168 100 20 bytes 32 time lt ims TTL 64 Reply from 192 168 100 20 bytes 32 time lt 1ms TTL 64 Ping statistics for 192 168 100 20 Packets Sent 4 Received 4 Lost 0 0 loss Approximate round trip times in milli seconds Minimum Oms Maximum Oms Average C NUsersX John x Figure 9 Ping test of the Ethernet connection The Windows firewall may block communication with the C400 It is simplest to start by turning off the firewall while you are testing To maintain security you can disable any wireless adaptor on the PC while you are doing this Once you have established communication then you can try restoring the firewall and set up permissions for the PTC Diagnostic to communicate through the firewall See section 22 for further details 6 Start the PTCDiagnosticG2 software It will start with the Discover Devices dialog open Any history from previous discovery appears in the dialog and also in the System explorer list on the left If this is the very first use the lists will be empty C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Pa
114. would then need to return it to the factory for repair 28 1 Starting the A60 Recovery Utility You need to start the C400 in bootloader mode To invoke this you must fit a 2mm jumper to position four of jumper JPRS Disconnect power from the C400 The jumper can be accessed by removing the four small screws at the rear of the top cover of the unit sliding the cover back and removing it JPR5 is located near the rear panel between the gate BNC connectors and the LED indicators Make sure you are well grounded to the C400 chassis before touching the jumper or any other internal component to prevent damaging the electronics by static discharge Fit the jumper and ensure all other positions on JPR5 are open Figure 60 JPR 5 location bootloader mode jumper installed C400 User Manual C400 UM 131220 Page 96 of 107 PSI System Controls and Diagnostics 28 2 Using the A60 Recovery Utility Reconnect the power and let the C400 boot up Start the G2 Diagnostic software and discover devices The A60 Recovery will appear Connect to this and the recover screen will open You can confirm you are connected to the correct device in case of doubt by looking at the serial number uu Fe 050 7357 qen y in PTC Diagnostic 5 A60 Recovery Fo we unm a emi sx Boone Y Stop System J Start System system s Comms lam Connected Busy Measuring Error flee AGO Recovery a Initiate Abort Get combaten dc

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