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RS MINERVE RS MINERVE - User`s Manual v1.18

1. Figure 56 Exporting feature attributes to model objects Export pre calculated feature attributes In order to use a feature attribute as a model parameter value Select a linked pair of elements in the Export Properties tab Navigate to the model parameter that you wish to change and in the drop down list select the attribute of the linked feature that should be used Compute properties from the shapefile The area of a basin as well as average X and Y coordinates can be calculated directly from the feature itself instead of using a pre calculated feature attribute In order to do that Select a linked pair of elements in the Export Properties tab To compute the area for the different sub basins select Compute Area from Shapefile To compute the centre of gravity for the virtual weather station select Compute X Y Coordinates from Shapefile The action can be performed on multiple pairs at the same time but only pairs of objects of the same type i e only pairs of SOCONT objects The action cannot be applied to different object types at the same time because different object types have different sets of parameters RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 60 108 Chapter 8 RS GIS 8 4 Hydro Model Visualization The Model Visualization module lets you visualize and edit model information from within the GIS interface There are three tabs for interaction Object Info view and edit model object parameters
2. Fd socont1 gt Diversion SOCOMT Type Source Target Flow Otot QUp Figure 91 Connections between objects RS MINERVE User s Manual Connection Outside of the xf Diversion gt gt PE basin Type Source Target Flow Clown Qe Connection A Diversion gt ion Confluence Type Source Target Flow ODiverted Qe Page 88 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application The introduced parameters of new objects Diversion 1 Reservoir 1 HQ 1 and Time Series 1 are presented in Figure 92 to Figure 95 Series Series QUp ODiverted QUp ODiverted ODiverted m3 s ODiverted m3 s QDown m3 s QDown m3 s Values Graphs QUp m s ODiverted m3 s 2 Flow ms 0 5 10 QUp m3 s Figure 92 Relation Qup Qdiverted introduced in the Diversion 1 Series Series CRE Level masl Level mas Volume m3 Volume m3 Inflow m3 s Inflow m3 5s Measured level masl Measured level masl a E iLi 6 gt 2120 H masl Initial conditions Initial conditions Name Value Unit Name Value Unit HIni 2127 3 masl Hini 2127 3 masl Figure 93 Relation H V of the Reservoir 1 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 89 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Series Series OE Q m3 s Q m3 s Values Graphs H mash m3 s Flow m37 2126 2130 2132 2134 H masl Figure 94 Relatio
3. Solver run a simulation Spatial View Change the colours of GIS features based on values from linked objects Shapefile features must be linked to a model object in order for information to be displayed Spatial View The Spatial View Figure 57 allows you to visualize either results parameters or initial conditions at each of the objects P a RS GIS e Py is A A M 6 Parameters W Initial Conditions N Add Layers on QY ee Import P et Sa dont BD Stations ON Model Links Visualization 995 Export P 4 Export IC Visualization Commands Model Connections Model parameters and variables Toolbox B Map Layers FRE 2 Select Spatial ModelResult 1 M lt 2 91147686909413E 06 View tab MM 2 91147686909413E 06 4 84081 M 4 84080994001862E 06 0 0002 3 Select Object lt Fe Fada M 0 00027546412639206 0 00186 ij gt 0 0018634347636724 Types Junction FS socont sSacont 4 IA Station 1 Select layer cop Results Parameters IC with model links Select one Result Qtot m3 s Qr m3 s ETR mm h Peq mm 4 Type and Hsnow m parameter to display Object info Solver Spatial View Object Visualization Select one Model Date 01 11 2013 13 00 00 v 5 Selecta Between 01 11 2013 13 00 00 and 07 11 2013 13 00 00 Va id d ate Options Color intervals number 5 6 Select Start
4. Example 1 Simple basin with only runoff Example 2 Combined full basin with meteorological stations Example 3 Equipped basin with a hydropower scheme Example 4 Automatic calibration of a model RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 63 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application 9 1 Example 1 Simple basin with only runoff In the first example the objective is to model the production of a net rain flow of three impermeable basins then the propagation of two hydrographs the implementing of three inflows at a confluence and finally their propagation to the model outlet Figure 59 River C Confluence River B River A m m m m m m j Pees eee I Figure 59 Model scheme The three impermeable surfaces are supposed to be located in the same region thus receiving an identical precipitation Each surface has its own outlet into different rivers A and B which are joined later on in a single final river C before flowing into the outlet of the model The parameters and the state variables of the three surfaces of the three rivers and the precipitation data are provided in Table 6 The three rivers are modeled with the kinematic wave model Objective of Example 1 The requested result is the hydrograph at the model outlet during 24 hours after the beginning of the precipitation as well as the peak discharge and the peak time The simulation parameters are e Simulation time step 600 s
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6. Select in the Selection frame Figure 22 the type of object to be modified and the corresponding zone See Chapter 2 for complete procedure 16 s Other factors are also considered during the basin division such as reservoir locations or river junctions RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 28 108 Chapter 5 Model calibration Modify the selection checks of parameters in the Parameters Management frame to select only the ones to be calibrated i e to be uniformly modified Modify the values of the selected parameters and click on Apply selected changes Parameters are modified in the listed objects Proceed in a similar way for all object types Modify also the initial conditions to fit better the reference data Parameters and variables sas RS MINERVE ial Conditions b New J Edit 6 Import rN K EM Open Lg Close bA Export thy Selection occ PE RS Expert Demonstration X Delete S Export P Converter Ue Export DB path KACREALP Projets 61C and pl Project Editing tools Model Database RS Toolbox Comparator Selection Series o s 3 z SIA SISA AISI OUR A UE amp 4 4 4 zis FAI ilp a Pevhy selected chances Parameters management and objects Figure 22 Frames used for the calibration After running the model analyze the results in the comparator and modify again the parameters whe
7. Samuel Alesina Javier Fluix Sanmart n and Aur lien Claude t Centre de recherche sur l environnement alpin CREALP Universitat Polit cnica de Val ncia UPV HydroCosmos SA RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 108 108 Appendix Appendix List of parameters and initial conditions Table A1 1 List of parameters and initial conditions for meteorological stations and reaches Name X Y Z Object Units Description Regular Range Coordinates of the virtual weather station Search radius Gradient P Gradient T Gradient ETP Coeff P Coeff T Coeff ETP L Station m m s m C m m s m Search radius of weather stations gt 0 Precipitation gradient t Temperature gradient 0 007 to 0 004 Potential evapotranspiration gradient an Length gt 0 BO m JO K Reach nSec Qini Multiplying correction coefficient 0 5to2 Adding correction coefficient 2 to 2 Multiplying correction coefficient 0 5to2 Width of the channel base gt 0 Side bank relation coeff 1H mV 0 1 to 1 Slope gt 0 Strickler coefficient 10 to 90 Number of sections St Venant 50 only Initial discharge The precipitation and potential evapotranspiration gradients are function of the local conditions Their regular ranges have to be estimated for each studied case AT 1 Appendix Table A1 2 List of parameters and initial conditions for basic hydrological objects Object Name An ThetaCri bp T
8. If more than one comparator is selected all will be taken into account in the objective function with the same weight Calibration configuration E RS Expert Hydrologic calibration Data analysis Time slice simulation Scenario simulation Selection Model and zones Objective function OF Indicators weight Hydrologic parameters optimization Runtime and algorithm parameters Calibration Configuration Parameters Import export Import ke Export W Export All Calibration configuration Models To calibrate Comparators r Parameters To calibrate Comparators Parameters Name Order New Calibration E Select All Select All Initial Values IV o From Model El Defined E Random Comp Rhone Gletsch OFEV Zone 11 Model x Name Min Max IV From Model Defined IV SOCONT F A Models Random IV Values per Zone Units 3 13 Objective Function OF Total Weight for the Objective 0 Indicators Weight Nash Hydrologic parameters optimization Solver Algorithm parameters Start 01 05 2014 01 00 00 v End 30 05 2014 01 00 00 gt v Simulation time step 10 OF Progress Comparator Evolution of the OF 100 uw ecti
9. Station VIS W Nash ne 01 06 2009 12 00 08 06 2009 12 00 Station vis f E Nash le 01 06 2009 12 00 08 06 2009 12 00 Station VIS Pearson Correlation Coeff 01062009 120006062009 1200 station vs f IN aare Relative Volume Bias Normalized Peak Error Indicators Nash Comparatonags Bias Score Comparators e D1 1C IC_hybrid N E DILIC IC_hybrid Indicator value es iee e o 25 3 3 5 Solver Scenario Comparator 36811 Nash Nash In Pearson BS RRMSE RVB 01 06 2009 12 00 00 08 06 2009 12 00 00 0 96197 0 98732 0 99946 0 99214 0 17067 0 08 01 06 2009 12 00 00 01 06 2009 12 00 00 0 23016 0 161 01 06 2009 12 00 00 0258 LA Simulation time step 10 Recording time step 1 Comparators Tabular and graphic results Figure 48 Interface of the Scenario simulation module in black configuration in green results RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 52 108 Chapter 7 RS Expert Note that when RS Expert is opened RS MINERVE is not active Close RS Expert to use again RS MINERVE Scenarios configuration A scenario is composed of a combination of input datasets one for each type of nput data a set of initial conditions and a set of parameters Except the dataset for the Station input meteorological inputs when the model contains at least one Virtual weather station all other inputs are optional Initial conditions and parameters can be provided as text
10. 0 597315177122566 Relative Volume Bias 0 416358878340123 Normalized Peak Error 0 238980025763544 Current OF value 0 123649303370811 A Best Solution Best OF value 2 16254694115431 Best parameters GSM An 5 4188047 GSM Tcp2 4 3308512 GSM Agl 4 9531161 GSM Kgl 1 2693399 SOCONT An 5 3956406 Best indicat lues for selected rator Comp M Se ee ee ee oe Results of the best solution Nash In 0 564664845381044 Pearson Correlation Coeff 0 734172773943849 Bias Score 0 993584083097579 RRMSE 0 442699981990751 Relative Volume Bias 0 0741593018804259 Normalized Peak Error 0 000583546487028408 Figure 42 Textual results of the calibration in progress If more than one comparator has been selected in the Comparators frame the Objective Function is equal to the sum of the objective functions obtained at each compactor The results of the calibration in progress can also be visualized as graphic form in the Graphic Results frame Figure 40 and Figure 43 The OF Progress tab shows the temporal evolution of the Objective Function OF with Initial value in green current value in red and all other values in orange The activation of the mouse wheel on vertical axis allows to zoom on the OF values of interest The Comparator tab allows following the progression of the current simulated hydrograph with respect to the observed one If more than one comparator had been RS MINERVE User s Ma
11. 00 the peak discharge and the peak time as well as the discharge created at the outlet of each subbasin The simulation parameters are e Simulation time step 600 s e Recording time step 600 s A uniform and null ETP is assumed for this example the user can check the selected ETP method in the RS MINERVE settings RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 71 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Table 7 Characteristics of the objects Virtual Weather Station G1 for GSM 1 Parameters and hein 0 X 606482 Y 101777 Z 3035 Search Radius 10000 No min of stations l Gradient P 0 Gradient T 0 0065 Gradient ETP 0 Coeff P 1 Coeff T 0 Coeff ETP 1 GSM 1 Parameters and Values initial conditions A 4 00E 06 An 6 ThetaCri 0 1 bp 0 0125 Tcp1 0 Tcp2 6 Tcf 0 Agi 7 Tcg 0 Kgl 1 4 Ksn 1 7 Hsnowini 0 2 Thetalni 0 Qsnowlni 0 1 Qglacierlni 0 RS MINERVE User s Manual Units m m m m m s m C m m s m Units m2 mm C day s m C C C mm C day C 1 d 1 d m m3 s m3 s Virtual Weather Station H1 for HBV 1 Parameters and amiee UE X 603679 Y 102025 Z 2889 Search Radius 10000 No min of stations 1 Gradient P 0 Gradient T 0 0065 Gradient ETP 0 Coeff P 1 Coeff T 0 Coeff ETP 1 HBV 1 Parameters and Values initial conditions A 1 00E 07 CFMax 6 CFR 1 CWH 0 1 TT 2 TTint 2 TTSM 0 Beta 2 5 FC 250 PWP 325 SUMax 50 Kr 0 25 Ku 0 15 KI 0 05 Kperc 0 15 Hsno
12. 22 108 Chapter 3 Database 3 2 Creation of a database The creation of a new database can be achieved following next steps Click on amp amp New in the Database frame Figure 1 and save the new database The RS Database window is opened Figure 17 Create the components of the different hierarchical levels of your database by using the Add button Edition frame For the stations give an adequate name and enter the coordinates For each sensor o Define the Description name Category Unit and Interpolation method o Select the Values tab and add the data with the If Paste button after copying them from any spreadsheet program Save the database and close the RS Database viewer The data can be managed exported or imported as database or as dataset To manage a database proceed as follows To save a database Click on the Database component gt File database gt Save as To load another database in RS Database o Close RS Database B o Then in the RS MINERVE window click on Ed Close in the Database frame o Click on a Open in the Database frame to open the new database o Click on amp Edit in the Database frame to open the new database in RS Database To manage a dataset perform as follows To export a dataset Click on the Dataset component gt File Dataset gt Save To import a dataset Click on a Group component gt File Dataset gt Import If a dataset contained in a databa
13. Data Source of Station objects click on Station search the corresponding dataset name s and check it More than one dataset can be checked for each type of input If a period of the simulation is covered by more than one dataset the dataset starting first is used In the Selection frame Figure 45 choose the model selection to be used Then select the object s series to be displayed The model selection is also used for the results exportation In the Outputs frame Figure 45 define the outputs to be recorded All results all the simulation results of the model and or Results from selection which considers only the above selected model selection For each one it is possible to record o Each simulation one dataset will be produced by time slice see Simulation period in Solver frame at Figure 45 o Combined simulations only one dataset will be produced for all the period o Nothing no dataset will be produced In the Solver frame Figure 45 specify RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 50 108 Chapter 7 RS Expert o The entire simulation period Start and End dates By default the maximum possible period to be simulated is proposed It corresponds to the maximum period covered by the datasets in each object type for which at least one dataset is selected Manual modification can only shrink the extent of the simulation period o The time slice or Simulation period annually monthly etc o Both Simulation a
14. ES Interface Flow From Q m3 s To Q up of Turbine New Flow From Q m3 s To Q down of Turbine New ou Graal t Interface 1 Turbine Interface 2 Figure 35 Links creation between the Turbine and the Group Interfaces Return to the upper hierarchical level Regulation Interface with the Back button Model frame or press the Esc button Switch to Connections using the space key Links between Group Interfaces and States will now be created Similarly to the logic in the State objects one Group Interface ensures the information exchange with upstream objects the other one with the downstream ones For the first Group Interface the one connecting the regulation with the upstream part of the model nterface 1 in Figure 36 connect it to the first State arrow in water flow direction The link to be created transfers the information the TurbineDB flow from State to the Group Interface Connect the same Group Interface to the second State Ensure that the name in the drop down list in the Variable selection pop up is the same as for the first State without the indication New as the target of the link Q up of TurbineDB 4 already exists RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 40 108 Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures Both States sending to the same reference in the Group Interface only one variable will be available in the higer hierarchical level As one and only one State can be activ
15. ETP method in the RS MINERVE settings Objective of Example 3 PartA The wanted result for this example is the inflow in the reservoir the spillway discharge and the hydrograph in the outlet of the model for the period between the 08 05 2013 00 00 and the 15 05 2013 00 00 as well as the peak discharge and the peak time Part B Second issue aims to know if the reservoir could be managed in order to reduce the peak in the outlet of the system The objective of this extension is to implement a facility to release water for preventive purposes RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 84 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Table 11 Characteristics of the objects Virtual Weather Station S1 for SOCONT 1 Parameters and SOCONT 1 Parameters and Initial conditions values anis initial conditions aues X 608017 m A 8000000 Y 102861 m An 7 Z 2796 m ThetaCri 0 1 Search Radius 10000 m Bp 0 0125 No min of stations 1 Tcp1 0 Gradient P 0 m s m Tcp2 4 Gradient T 0 0065 C m Tcf 0 Gradient ETP 0 m s m HGR3Max 0 3 Coeff P 1 KGR3 0 005 Coeff T 0 L 800 Coeff ETP 1 JO 0 01 Kr 2 Hsnowlni 0 1 Thetalni 0 HGR3Ini 0 1 Hrini 0 Table 12 Characteristics of the objects Reservoir 1 H m a s l Vol m 2110 0 2115 7 92E 05 2120 2 09E 06 2125 3 96E 06 2130 6 48E 06 2135 9 90E 06 Parameters Values Units Hini 2127 3 masl Spillway 1 with HQ H m a s l Q m 2128 0 2129 10 2130 30 2132 100 2135 250 Turbine time series 1
16. GSM and Glacier GSM models Figure 6 SNOW T PE q Q Ed tot Figure 6 Composition of the GSM object SOCONT SOil CONTribution The SOCONT object combines in RS MINERVE the SOCONT Snow GSM Infiltration GR3 and Runoff SWMM models Figure 7 Q tot Figure 7 Composition of the SOCONT object The parameters of the SOCONT and GSM objects are the sum of parameters of the objects composing their combinations The behavior of the GSM and the SOCONT objects and their respective combination is therefore equivalent RR HBV This integrated rainfall runoff model is based on the HBV model Using a HBL precipitation P a temperature T and a potential evapotranspiration ETP as inputs it produces a total discharge Qto composed of a run off flow Q an interflow Qu and a baseflow Q GR4J This object is based on the GR4J model containing 4 parameters Using an GA 4 equivalent precipitation P 4 and a potential evapotransipration ETP as inputs an outflow is calculated SAC The SAC SMA Sacramento Soil Moisture Account object uses an equivalent precipitation Peq and a potential evapotranspiration ETP as inputs and provides an outflow at the outlet of the subbasin Na BUN Channel reaches The flow is transferred based on the Kinematic and de NS Muskingum Cunge 1969 1991 equations Junction This object allows calculating the addition of different flow inputs also coming from hydrauli
17. Left click Date and value of the nearest series point Right click and move the mouse Displace the current view Move the scroll wheel Zoom in zoom out Click on scroll wheel and move the mouse Select the zoom zone Double click on scroll wheel Back to default zoom RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 12 108 Chapter 2 Hydrological models Chapter 2 Hydrological models RS MINERVE is an object oriented modeling software The different processes are modeled with equation based objects presented hereafter in Chapters 2 1 Base objects and 2 2 Standard objects Hydraulic structures and Regulation objects are presented in Chapter 6 The implemented hydrological models Snow GSM Glacier GSM GR3 SWMM and GSM SOCONT have been developed within the framework of different research projects namely CRUEX B rod 1994 SWURVE Sch fli amp al 2005 and MINERVE Hamdi amp al 2003 2005 The hydrological models HBV Bergstrom 1976 1992 GR4J Perrin et al 2003 and SAC Burnash 1995 are also included in the software RS MINERVE for extending the hydrological modeling possibilities 2 1 Base objects The Base objects are mostly composed of the hydro meteorological objects For more details see the Technical Manual D Virtual weather station It calculates the local meteorological conditions A precipitation P temperature T and potential evapotranspiration ETP based on observed or forecasted data from the databa
18. Regulation In the example if the water level reaches 1506 masi the State Turbine On will be active as long as the level exceeds 1503 masl If the level goes below 1503 masl the State Turbine Off will then be activated as long as 1506 masl is not exceeded in the reservoir and so on RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 42 108 Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures Before exiting the Regulation the Initial state has to be defined in the Regulation frame right In the drop down list select the State to be active at the beginning of the simulation Return to the upper hierarchical level complete model with the Back button Model frame or press the Esc button Link the Reservoir to the Regulation and the Regulation to the Junction see Figure 39 Regulation a lt lt Sensor Reservoir AL CZ Junction downstream HQ Figure 39 Connection of the Regulation with the upstream Reservoir and the downstream Junction The Regulation object is ready for use Simulation with the regulation implemented Once the two objects HQ and Regulation are implemented validate the model and start the simulation Results can be visualized by double clicking on each object or by using the Selection and Plots RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 43 108 Chapter 7 RS Expert Chapter 7 RS Expert In this chapter the four RS Expert modules are presented Automatic calibration of hydrological model parameters Sto
19. TurbineDB object and the TurbineDB object to the Junction Figure 24 Reservoir Junction downstream Figure 24 Addition of a TurbineDB and a junction 1 As outputs from the Reservoir are defined by downstream objects output flows Qs are considered as an Input to the Reservoir in terms of information flow The corresponding water is thereby withdrawn from the stored volume This implies that at least one output flow has to be defined to validate the model See 9 n RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 33 108 Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures In the Data Source frame Figure 23 select for the line HPP Q the Group and DataSet corresponding to the sensor created in the database Double click on the TurbineDB object to open the TurbineDB frame right side Then click on the Y Select station from Database button and define the corresponding station in the Station drop down list The link between the TurbineDB object and the database is now operational The TurbineDB object is ready for use Addition of a Hydropower object The Hydropower object calculates the power and the revenue produced by the discharge of the turbine from the reservoir The results depend on the discharge and on the reservoir water level Select the object Hydropower in the Structures objects frame Figure 23 and add it in the Interface Figure 25 Hydropower TurbineDE N Xd Reservoir Junction downstream Figure 25
20. a et ce oi 32 6 3 Addition of a Hydropower scheme nes 32 AGO OCR NOIR dan an S 32 Additioh ofa TUPDINEGDB ODIBCE D ae dans seen eee s en n de scoot ess a tes Causes deu 33 Addition of a Hydropower object cece cesseccccseccccesscecceesececeusececeenececeeuseceseuseceseenecesseneceesegeeeetes 34 Addiion OT AO ODJECE ene ena ae eee Do ben ce S 35 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 4 108 Simulation with implemented structures sise 36 6 4 Implementation o rares tation sas a ein idteec ttes 36 Addition Of FOS Ul ATION SENS SN Ge ne nie ne GA nf sn ra teieees 37 Simulation with the regulation implemented ss 43 Chanter RS EXPERTS a E ele etais soit dre 44 7 1 AUTOMAUC CAlDrFATIONE SERRES ROME Ne en en in Cest ts 44 Calibration COnTIgUFATION sr RS uae Re in mA eid esi oe a eee aes 44 Calibration Start TOD e E E E EA E E 46 Calibration Tes utana a a AA A tete 46 Multibl calibrat OM eseina EA A e N 48 7 2 Stochastic SIMMU AION sitcicauss tials a a a a A R 49 7 3 Timeslide simulatio iesse e E ie A teinte 49 Timesslic cONtIBUPATIONM scan teint alaNi eseLontr aa 50 Time slice simulation Stat AS TO Di handle nee di treeosteeeeti ee at eee lee dec ent 51 FINE Cere SUIS a NS Den CRE OMS ee ares ne e endi Es A it DGn nie cent 51 7 4 TOUR 5 LE 10 AC LARLE LE LE OR ET acto etc a E a A 52 Sc narios COMMUN dto isc eas ne Re dead ects nn eine 53 SCENAPIOSIMUN ATION SUAPT SUOD acon An Rs Haies tue N 54 SCCM AMOS BOS USSR Ne Re tem ee
21. a new turbine and make the connections from the reservoir to the new turbine and from the turbine to river C Also we create a time series element connected to the new turbine where we will define the releases from the reservoirs Station H3 Rue Euh Fi Time series 2 Rj gt pa 1 Turbine 1 Time series 1 J A of the basin De lt Ne Az Je Diversion iy River SOCONT E rer SOCQNT 1 Fe HE 2 z sT ah st fsm A Station S1 ST p Station HZ Station H1 P Station G1 Figure 98 Typology of the model including the new release Notice that actually the new turbine is representing a sluice of the reservoir The advantage of this element over the H Q element is that we can define the flow that we want release depending on the time and not on the volume of the reservoir Once the model has been adapted we have to define the preventive releases in the corresponding time series Analyzing the results of the example one can think that preventive release should start near 13h of first day and finish eleven hours later As in the time series we have to define time in seconds 0 seconds corresponds to the start time of the simulation the start is at 46800s and the end at 86400s The value of the RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 93 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application releases depends on the capacity of the sluice and the decision of the manager In this case a d
22. e Recording time step 600 s A uniform and null ETP is assumed for this example the user can check the selected ETP method in the RS MINERVE settings RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 64 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Table 6 Characteristics of the objects Precipitation time h rain mm h 0 0 1 1 08 2 1 44 3 1 80 4 2 88 5 5 40 6 8 28 7 9 97 8 6 84 9 5 04 10 3 24 11 2 63 12 1 44 13 0 72 14 0 SWMM 1 Parameters and Values initial conditions A 1 00E 07 L 1500 JO 0 1 K 1 9 Hini 0 SWMM 3 Parameters and Values initial conditions A 8 00E 06 L 2500 JO 0 02 K 1 3 Hini 0 River B Parameters and Values initial conditions L 4000 BO 4 m 1 JO 0 005 K 30 Qini 0 RS MINERVE User s Manual Units m s m s SWMM 2 Parameters and Values initial conditions A 4 00E 06 L 3000 JO 0 05 K 1 5 Hini 0 River A Parameters and Values initial conditions L 3000 BO 6 m 1 JO 0 001 K 30 Qini 0 River C Parameters and Values initial conditions L 2000 BO 7 m 1 JO 0 001 K 30 Qini 0 Units m s m s m s m s Page 65 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Resolution of Example 1 This first example is a simplified representation of the reality Despite of that it allows the familiarization with the concept of RS MINERVE and to know more about its hydrological objects At first the object Time Series as is introduced Clicking once on it
23. is created New or opened for edition Open and then Edit File File RS Selected component database dataset Edition Database description RS Database Eaton x Time series Save Save as Remove File database File dataset Edition Database 4 Demonstration Ar z pe pp Category Precipitation j Station Met Unit mm h Station ar mmh T Sensor Interpolation Linear 7 Database Components Figure 17 The RS Database window Simulation Statistics Initial date Final date Min value Average value Max value Graphics Values N 1 Z O ka a Y u a 2000 01 01 01 01 2000 01 00 00 08 01 2000 00 00 00 0 00 mm h 0 0724550898 mm h 1 50 mm h 2000 01 02 2000 01 03 E oaa EA Precipitation 2000 01 04 2000 01 05 2000 01 06 2000 01 07 Time Data Graphics or table The database structure is organized in five hierarchical levels listed hereafter Database Description of the database complete set of data Group Separation based on category of data Measures Forecasts Simulations Dataset Set of data of common type Meteo data Flow data 99 Station Information about the station name and coordinates Sensor Description of the sensor name units and data Definition and use of Groups and Datasets can also be done in a different way by the user RS MINERVE User s Manual 2000 01 08 Page
24. message is displayed and object icons are displayed next to each of the features to indicate that the features and the objects have been linked Figure 53 Create Objects Model GIS Links Export Properties Select Field Name Type of Object to create IDband v Dband 7 FR SOCONT v SoconT ta T 126_4 IS 126 4 V Also Create Virtual Weather Stations 126 gli Unlinked feature W Also link basins to a Junction Zone A 126_gl2 Select Model 1271 VS 1271 p Feature linked to mrg Model description v 127 2 127 2 De EE O J W Create new SubModel MIS K 1275 I Name New Model Creation process finished Figure 53 Object creation process completed We then create the glacial objects Select glacial features by holding Ctrl while clicking Step 3 in Figure 52 Under Type of Object to create select a glacial basin model like GSM Puta check on Also Create Virtual Weather Stations Now a virtual weather station will be created for and linked to each created object Puta check on Also link basins to a Junction Now all created objects will be linked to another single newly created junction Under Select Model select the model in which you wish to place all newly created objects In our case this is the model that was previously created Remove the check from Create new Submodel since we created our submodel in the last step Click C
25. or worksheet files All possible combinations composed of every input type with at least one dataset or input file are proposed but the user can erase undesired simulations The creation of a new scenarios configuration can be achieved following next steps corresponding to the black boxes in the Figure 45 In the Inputs frame Figure 48 click on the DataSets tab Figure 49 Select the dataset s to be used as data sources for the different nputs Station TurbineDB Source Reservoir and Consumer only object types existing in the model are listed For example for the Station data source click on Station in the left part search the corresponding dataset name s in the right part and check it them DataSets Initial conditions station Measure Source 201404151300 Measure Reservoir m rl QO A a m al cui un ri on Hydroa_Contral Hydro_Forecast_C7_ Control A MT HN Figure 49 nputs frame in the Scenario simulation tool Click on the Initial conditions tab Figure 49 If you want to add initial conditions IC file s click on ba and import the desired IC files The selected ones are listed in the Inputs frame Click on the Parameters tab Figure 49 If you want to add parameters file s click on baa and import the desired parameters files The selected ones are listed in the Inputs frame Inthe Selection frame Figure 48 choose the model selection to be us
26. r amp gt SAC 7 F Zones Zones 0 A 2s HB SHC Inputs A Select All Apply conversion Name Parent model one E HEW New Model Precipitation P mm h gt 1 mm h Temperature T C gt deleted ETP ETP mm h gt ETP mm h Outputs Flow Qtot m3 s gt Qtot m3 s Farameters Surface A m2 gt A m2 Figure 15 Example of a conversion between a model HBV and SAC where the input Temperature is deleted Finally if the converted model needs more inputs than the original one a message informs that one or several inputs need to be added as presented in Figure 16 for the input Temperature In that case the link between the stations and the model needs to be replaced or if the data comes from a different Station or Time Series a new link has to be added RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 19 108 Chapter 2 Hydrological models Conversion SAC A i HBV Fe Zones Zones 0 A 4 i SAC i HE Inputs A Select All Apply conversion Parent model Zone New Model Precipitation i mm h gt P mm h ETP ETP mm h gt ETP mm h Temperature to implement gt T C Outputs Flow Qtot m3 s gt Qtot m3 s Parameters Surface A m2 gt A m2 Figure 16 Example of a conversion between a model SAC and HBV where the input Temperature has to be implemented by the user Regarding the outputs the total discharge Qtot or Q depe
27. than without the extra release of Part A maximum water level of the part A was 2128 5383 m a s l To compared this results with the results of Part A same results are presented i e an analysis of inputs outputs in the Reservoir 1 The inflow into the Reservoir 1 Confluence the spillway discharge HQ 1 the turbine flows Turbine 1 and Turbine 2 the total flow at the downstream of the reservoir River C Qup and the reservoir level evolution Reservoir 1 are presented in Figure 102 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 95 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Reservoir analysis Confluence Junction Os m3 s River C Reach Kinematic QUE m3 s Reservoir 1 Reservoir Level mas 2128 4 HQ 1 HQ Q m3 s Turbine TTTorbae Q m3 s Turbine 2 Turbine Chim3 s 7 2128 2 6 2128 5 Li a a g E 2127 8 3 2127 6 2 1 21274 0 2013 05 08 2013 05 09 2013 05 10 2013 05 11 2013 05 12 2013 05 13 2013 05 14 2013 05 15 Date Figure 102 Flows balance of the reservoir and hydrographs at main control points Although the objective has achieved many issues emerge from the management of the reservoir How much water do we have to release Are we aggravating the situation downstream How much energy will we lose if the flood is not as important as expected And so on RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 96 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application 9 4 Example 4 Automatic cali
28. the different objects RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 78 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Parameters Value Unit 603679 m 102025 m 2889 mast Search Radius 10000 mf No min of stations E e if Gradient P o msm Gradient T 0 0065 C m Gradient ETP 0 msm Coeff P E O a Coeff T CS CS Coeff ETP RE Figure 78 Parameters of the Virtual Weather Station H1 for HBV 1 Constructed model can be now saved clicking in the button lel and giving a name to the rsm file e g Example2 rsm Next the meteorological data have to be loaded the dialog box of the database is opened clicking in z Figure 79 for loading the corresponding database file Database manual dbx New DE pal Open a database of time senes Database Figure 79 Database frame The user can click in for visualizing or modifying the database Figure 80 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 79 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application o RS Database Viewer H 4 aA Time series Save Save as Remove File database File dataset Edition l Database RSM rea Sensor Measure a 4 DataSet RSM gt Met Station 1 Category Precipitation P Unit mm h a ial Interpolation Linear Md gt P Met Station 2 a Simulation Statistics Description P Date min 08 05 2013 00 00 00 Date max 15 05 2013 00 00 00 Average 1 5428571429 mm h S Data LOE Gr
29. the link from the TurbineDB to the Group Interface information direction As the water flow from Reservoir is defined by the TurbineDB the information is transferred in the upstream direction from the TurbineDB to the Reservoir trough the Group Interface o For the Interface 2 link the TurbineDB to the Group Interface In the Variable selection pop up the link from the TurbineDB to the Group Interface is preselected Create the link with Ok In that case both information and water flow are in the downstream direction from the TurbineDB to the Group Interface RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 38 108 Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures sea Variable selection Select the links to be created aki eu D CE Interface 1 gt T Turbine DE sun Variable selection Select the links to be created D Th a T TurbineDB CE Interface 1 T TurbineDB gt Be Interface 2 Flow From Q m3 s To IQ up of TurbineDB New zj W Flow From Q m3 s To Q down of TurbineDB New Lou Interface 1 TurbineDB Interface Figure 32 Links creation between the TurbineDB and the Group Interfaces Return to the upper hierarchical level Regulation Interface with the O Back button in the Model frame or press the Esc button Open the second State object Turbine Off with a right click An empty State interface is opened Add two Group Interfaces and a Turbine with a Time Series Interconnect the Time Series to the Turb
30. to add the object Repeat the operation for all objects If the wrong object is selected in the Objects frame use the Esc key to cancel Select Connections in the Editing tools frame Figure 1 or press the space key to switch interconnect the objects with blue arrows in the sense of flow and select the variables s concerned by the connections in the pop ups Figure 8 g Choose Select in the Editing tools frame or press the space key to switch By clicking on each object separately o Rename the objects o Modify their fixed parameters such as coordinates for the Station and surface for main hydrological objects in the Parameters frame o Figure 1 See Appendix 1 for a complete list of parameters and initial conditions 2 P In absence of water flow connect arrows in the sense of information transfer RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 15 108 Chapter 2 Hydrological models Open Close M Save as Demonstration New gd Save aB Connections Wf Validation Gh Parameters LY Initial Conditions New L Edit ff Import rk amp Import R o Define the Zone of each object in the Object frame o Figure 1 2 Use Tab to validate the Zone number ce Ba Close ER Export Et Import Ee Import IC pen to mps Selection RS Expert i X Delete Epot Converter Epo P LY Export IK DS path anuels Manual RS MIN and plots Re E Editing tools Model Parameters and variables Database Toolbox Precipitat
31. upstream to downstream Parallel and series calibration can be combined for a complex basin as presented in example of the Figure 44 where two unconnected basins are calibrated in Calibration A and Calibration B then a downstream basin is calibrated in Calibration C and finally a more downstream basin is calibrated in Calibration D RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 48 108 Chapter 7 RS Expert Calibration Configuration Calibration A Calibration B 1 Calibration C Calibration D Figure 44 Example of a calibration with two unconnected basins and two basins upstream 7 2 Stochastic simulation This new module is capable of generating a set of simulations based on different parameters or initial conditions with values located in a random interval defined by the user For each element of the model simulated hydrographs corresponding statistics mean median quartiles minimum and maximum values and related set of parameters for each simulation are provided The probability distribution in the random interval is uniform 7 3 Time slice simulation The computation duration logically increases with the model complexity but also with the simulation period length Thus simulations on long periods with short time steps and a complex model can become inappropriate for user s computer performance In this case it is necessary to clip the simulation period in time slices In RS MINERVE a time slice simulation can be realize
32. 4 Topologic links between the different objects RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 98 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application wea inks wea inks Select the links to be created Select the links to be created D Hoti Source gt or Comparator ee Outlet gt i Comparator Flow From Qe To Q reference Flow From Qs To Q reference Flow From Qe To Q simulation Flow From Qs To Q simulation ok Cancel ok Cancel Figure 105 Possible outputs transfers between objects Connection Connection Dee Outlet gt Comparator Type Source Target Q simulation Figure 106 Connections between objects Constructed model can be now saved clicking in the button lal and giving a name to the rsm file e g Example4 rsm Next the meteorological data have to be loaded the dialog box of the database is opened clicking in Figure 107 for loading the corresponding database file Database manual dbx Database Figure 107 Database frame The user can click in for visualizing or modifying the database Figure 108 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 99 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application kh A bo Time series Save as Remove Info File database File dataset Edition RS Database 4 B Database RSM Description F E 4 Measure Category mee itation DataSet Example 2anc egory Precipitatia a 4 Dataset Example 4 Unit mm h 4 a Met Stat
33. 8 7456304497213 08 05 2013 10 20 00 08 05 2013 10 30 00 28 1699626826227 08 05 2013 10 40 00 27 7835269244954 06 05 2013 10 50 00 27 3518901315153 Figure 69 Discharge values at outlet RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 70 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application 9 2 Example 2 Combined full basin with meteorological stations The hydrological system proposed by the Example 2 includes four hydrological models of production a GSM and three HBV models as well as the rivers of the basin The discharge production in the subbasins area is based on given precipitations and temperatures from a database This expected model is represented in Figure 70 Outlet Posse eee ee eee eee eee eee eee mm eee eee eee ee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee RiverC Meteorological station 2 RiverB HB Basin HBV 2 pew mm mm sl I I I I I I I I Fe Meteorological ES station 1 RiverA HB Basin HBV 1 Basin GSM 1 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee a ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eh ee ee ee ee me meme me ee meme meme me me meme me me ee Figure 70 Model scheme The parameters of the objects are provided in Table 6 and the precipitation and temperature data are in the database Database manual Objective of Example 2 The objective of this example is to determine the hydrograph in the outlet of the system during the period between the 08 05 2013 00 00 and the 15 05 2013 00
34. A 4000000 mi An 6 mm C day ThetaCril01 bp Tepl 0 Ce Tep2 6 e Teh Jo fe Agi Teg Jo fe pwp 325 mm Kgl SUMax 50 mm Ksn 17 Lid lt Initial conditions Kl 0 05 1d Name Value Unit Kperc 0 15 ld Hsnowlni 0 2 m Initial conditions aa Name Value Unit Qglacierlni fo mys Hsnowlni 0 02 m WHini Jo e Humini 0 23 m o suini 005 m SUni 015 m Figure 75 Parameters of the HBV 1 model left and the GSM 1 model right Secondly virtual weather stations are inserted For its accomplishment 4 Virtual Weather Stations L are created and connected according to the Figure 76 The topology of the relations created in this case is detailed in Figure 77 Then the parameters are introduced Figure 78 with the available values in Table 8 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 77 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application ee K1 Station H3 t lay HE Ha La Station H1 Fsm 1 gt Station GL Figure 76 Topology of the full model production transfer then transport ses Links Select the links to be created 3T LA Station HL GS avi HE Connection Precipitation From P To P Temperature From T To T Evapotranspiration From ETP To ETP ses Links Select the links to be created LA Station G1 ES GSM 1 Connection Type Precipitation Temperature Figure 77 Topologic links between
35. Addition of a Hydropower object As the power produced in the hydropower plant depends on the water level in the reservoir and on the discharge of the turbine the links between the Hydropower and the Reservoir objects and between the Hydropower and the Turbine DB objects must be created Figure 26 Link the Reservoir to the Hydropower object so the water level information can be transferred to the Hydropower object Link the TurbineDB to the Hydropower object so the discharge variable can be transferred to the Hydropower object 18 Short for HydroPower Plant which includes the TurbineDB and the Hydropower objects RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 34 108 Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures Hydre power PK N fm amp Reservoir Junction downstream Figure 26 Links between the Hydropower object and the Reservoir and with the TurbineDB Double click on the Hydropower object to open the Hydropower frame right side Then click on the Select station from Database button and define the corresponding station which contains the Electricity price series in the Station drop down list The link between the Hydropower object and the database is now operational In the Series frame select the Q n discharge efficiency series and open the Values tab Insert data for the Q n relation manually or copied from a spreadsheet In the Parameters frame introduce the features of the hydropower plant In particular the followin
36. Boillat J L 2007 Routing System II Flow modelling in hydraulic systems Communication 32 du Laboratoire de Constructions Hydrauliques Ed A Schleiss Lausanne Garcia Hernandez J 2011 Flood management in a complex river basin with a real time decision support system based on hydrological forecasts PhD Thesis N 5093 Ecole Polytechnique F d rale de Lausanne EPFL Switzerland Garcia Hernandez J Paredes Arquiola J Foehn A and Roquier B 2015 RS MINERVE Technical manual v1 13 RS MINERVE Group Switzerland Hamdi Y Hingray B and Musy A 2003 Projet MINERVE rapport interm diaire N21 volet B Modelisation hydrologique Technical report EPFL Hamdi Y Hingray B and Musy A 2005 Projet MINERVE rapport interm diaire N23 volet B Modelisation hydrologique Technical report EPFL RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 106 108 Bibliography Jordan F 2007 Mod le de pr vision et de gestion des crues optimisation des op rations des am nagements hydro lectriques accumulation pour la r duction des d bits de crue Thesis Report N 3711 Ecole Polytechnique F d rale de Lausanne EPFL Switzerland McGuinness J L and Bordne E F 1972 A comparison of lysimeter derived potential evapotranspiration with computed values Technical Bulletin 1452 Agricultural Research Service U S Department of Agriculture Washington D C 71 pp Oudin L 2004 Recherche d un mod le d vapotran
37. Centre de recherche sur l environnement alpin CREALP HydroCosmos SA RS MINERVE E RS MINERVE User s Manual v1 18 March 2015 For Software version 1 3 1 0 Approved for Public Release Distribution Unlimited Centre de recherche sur l environnement alpin CREALP C j e a D ASI IT HydroCosmos SA 4ydro mos Authors Alain FOEHN CREALP Javier GARCIA HERNANDEZ CREALP Bastien ROQUIER HydroCosmos S A Javier PAREDES ARQUIOLA UPV Please refer this technical manual as Foehn A Garcia Hernandez J Roquier B and Paredes Arquiola J 2015 RS MINERVE User s manual v1 18 RS MINERVE Group Switzerland Index ON OO irs E nee ete eat etree sein E meee ae ese 6 Chapter LUI OC COLO eases ees ence Se cee ae ae de ae ee te de ce 7 1 1 DOCUMENT SINC oc de a en en 7 1 2 TUS WZ LIE hare aif 2 go ce dUe aerate nn een nat ar ene rat ne nnn ano ae eer eee 7 1 3 UPOO ne sits in peers seca a eet E See seca oe 9 1 4 Uninstallation procedure xis taessiecnccdieutsincennccasustabsioxsnneessiiebesseceatensemendebaiedsnsesactasusnavenkeaneusieksowss 9 1 5 The RS MINERVE main WINdOW cccccccsseccccesscccceesececsesececeeusececseeceseunecesseeseceseuecetsenecetsenes 9 1 6 AS SOC COO eh sce a eee a ten 10 1 7 OUE S a een E S 10 1 8 List of keyboard shortcuts ANd MOUSE actions 11 Chapter 2 Hydrological models 2 non suhuneoardincadaceiacuansesddganaceuniedesnntoeeewuns 13 2 1 By VS ONE a E TE 13 2 2 NATT
38. Color e colors and Coordinates 559876 464183381 139683 828080229 visualize Visualize Clear Figure 57 Hydro Model Visualization interface workflow in the Spatial View In order to perform a visualization Select the layer that you wish to visualize Features from this layer must be linked with model objects Select the Spatial View tab Select the object types that you wish to visualize Multiple selections can be made but different object types must share a parameter in order to be displayed Select the parameter type from either Results Parameters or Initial Conditions RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 61 108 Chapter 8 RS GIS Select the parameter that you wish to display If you are viewing simulation results select the date for which results should be displayed Optional change color settings Click on Visualize 8 5 DB Stations Visualization The DB Stations Visualization tool allows spatial representation of the stations contained ina database or a dataset The stations are represented directly in the RS GIS interface The coordinates are taken from the X Y and Z coordinates from the position of the stations Data requirements The input is composed of a dataset or a database RS MINERVE format Procedure The steps to plot in RS GIS the stations location are presented hereafter In RS GIS click on the DB Stations Visu
39. F Total Weight for the Objective Func 10 Indicators Weight Nash Nash ln Pearson Correlation Coeff Bias Score RRMSE Relative Volume Bias Normalized Peak Error Figure 115 Weight of each indicator to determine the objective function After specifying the calibration period in the Solver tab of the Hydrologic parameters optimization frame the calibration configuration can be saved and then started At the end of the calibration approximately after 1000 to 1500 iterations for this example the final parameters obtained are collected in the current model If the model is saved the parameters are stored if not the hydrological model keeps preliminary parameters RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 103 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Results of Example 4 Once the calculation is finished after approximately 1 200 iterations for the confluence calibration and 500 iteration for the outlet calibration the best values obtained for the parameters can be visualized in the Summary results frame From a maximum possible value of the Objective Function OF of 6 the best score provided by the algorithm is 5 092 and 5 089 for the confluence calibration and the outlet calibration respectively Hereafter Table 13 and Table 14 the results of the calibration since the algorithm contains the random calculations it is possible to obtain a similar but not exactly the same result Table 13 Calibrated parameters Initial
40. MINERVE Technical Manual Garcia Hernandez et al 2015 The mouse fly above of each parameter name shows their description Click on t jn the Calibration Configuration frame Figure 40 to save the current calibration configuration The produced file can be imported for the next calibration test To import an existing configuration click on Import jn the Calibration Configuration frame Figure 40 and load the file Calibration start stop Click on Start in the Hydrologic parameters optimization frame to launch the calibration If the calibration configuration is valid a Start message with the current date appears in the Process tab in the Summary Results frame Otherwise a red error message is displayed at the bottom of the Solver tab and describes the problem to resolve Click on Stop in the Hydrologic parameters optimization frame to stop the calibration It takes a moment to stop until the current simulation ends Calibration results After each simulation during the calibration the following results are showed in the Summary Results frame Figure 40 and Figure 42 The Objective Function OF with its maximum possible value The results of the simulation before optimization with initial parameters initial indicators values and initial OF value The results of the current iteration with its parameters values and the respective indicators values and OF value The best result with rel
41. O DE E AE A E 15 2 3 Creation of a hydrological MOGE wtcsesancaiedanindcadicaniociecdeiacwasatabiesebadendsasienaonentedavnnhetuensdbetsnatebdeyais 15 2 4 Exportation of a submodel season T 17 2 5 DVO OS CORN S51 OD ens a AE 19 COR BF re oc tee One ne ee Oe ne Pree cron eee emer ee teen eee 22 3 1 HERS DOO DOSS OO de ane 22 3 2 QD LMI IR OL ea LES LOS EE PT 23 3 3 DS Le ML OL NS LP E E E A A 23 3 4 Connection of a database to a model 24 Interaction between the database and the active model 24 RIC SIA ed ee a ie 25 4 1 RO een eon eee ee 25 4 2 Results visualization with the Selection and Plots 26 4 3 Export Import of results to a database 27 Chanter S VOCE CANO COUN prain eacate etc esees cect eset yu eemceeea ences eceaeenn cent yienve se bitateseeeesee eee 28 5 1 Single SUD DaSIN Call AUN aserdsicsstessiacseudiekisecssesiwestaieedeeniiacsetiakiseceiesounrtshasteenienecteekitaceberuae 28 Model s performance evaluation cccccccsseccccsssecccessececseseccceeecceeeuseceeeeeeceeeeeeceseuecesseeceetaeeeeetas 28 Manual parameters adjustment cccccesseccccessccccesececeeececceescceseeeceesueecesseeecesauseceseugeceeseneeeetes 28 Automatic parameters ACJUSTMENL cccccssscccsecccsececenecceesceceesceceececeeceeeeeesenceseencessueceseueeeeees 29 5 2 Complete D ASIA BEA ON na a ne em en 30 CHADI T Os NPA SCC a ed en ane 31 6 1 FAY OVS structure OCR a asus trates 31 6 2 FRO Ul ETON OD CCS apres ae an a eo
42. Parameter Best Parameter Confluence Outlet Confluence Outlet GSM An 6 1 98 GSM Agl 7 0 68 HBV FC Different values 0 25 0 49 0 64 HBV SUMax Different values 0 05 0 029 0 053 HBV Kr Different values 0 25 0 24 0 24 Table 14 Performance indicators Initial Performance Final Performance Confluence Outlet Confluence Outlet Nash 28 27 0 80 0 82 0 84 Nash In 2 91 0 79 0 80 0 82 Pearson Correlation Coeff 0 58 0 91 0 31 Bias Score 10 20 0 99 0 99 0 99 RRMSE 4 08 0 33 0 32 0 29 Re ative MONINE 3 35 0 12 5 67 0 02 Bias OPERA 0 72 0 14 0 18 0 15 Error OF 125 30 4 53 5 092 5 089 The simulation fits pretty well the outflow observed Figure 116 Since the new parameters after the calibration can be kept by saving the model RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 104 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Graphic results Graphic results OF Progress Comparator Comparator 2 Best Parameters OF 5 089 OF Progress Comparator Comparator 1 Best Parameters OF 5 093 Q reference m3 s Q reference m3 s Q simulation m3 s Q simulation m3 s Flow m3 s Flow m3 s 2012 2012 Date Figure 116 Graphic results of the calibration Hydrograph of both observed and current simulated discharge RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 105 108 Bibliography Bibliography Bergstrom S 1976 Development and application of a conceptual runoff model for
43. Scandinavian catchments Ph D Thesis SMHI Reports RHO No 7 Norrk ping Bergstrom S 1992 The HBV model its structure and applications SMHI Reports RH No 4 Norrk ping B rod D 1994 Contribution l estimation des crues rares l aide de m thodes d terministes Apport de la description geomorphologique pour la simulation des processus d coulement Ph D Thesis n 1319 Ecole Polytechnique F d rale de Lausanne Burnash R J C 1995 The NWS River Forecast System catchment modeling In Singh V P Ed Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology 311 366 Claude A 2011 Evolution towards an integrated hydrometeorological system for the flood forecasting of Isere River at Modtiers consideration of hydroelectric devices Ph D Thesis Universite de Grenoble LTHE Grenoble Cunge J A 1969 Au sujet d une m thode de calcul de propagation des crues M thode Muskingum Journal of Hydraulic Research 7 205 230 Cunge J A 1991 Polycopi Simulation des coulements non permanents dans les rivi res et canaux Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble Ecole Nationale Sup rieure d Hydraulique et de M canique de Grenoble Dubois J and Boillat J L 2000 Routing System Mod lisation du routage des crues dans des systemes hydrauliques a surface libre Communication 9 du Laboratoire de Constructions Hydrauliques Ed A Schleiss Lausanne Garcia Hernandez J Jordan F Dubois J and
44. Time s Q m s 0 1 3 00E 06 1 Diversion 1 Qup m3 s Qdiverted m3 s 0 0 2 2 10 2 Additionally initial discharge Qini of River C is in this case 1 m s RS MINERVE User s Manual Units m2 mm C day s m 3646 1 s m 1 3 m m m m IS Page 85 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Resolution of Example 3 Part A In the first place the model of the Example 2 is opened The connection between the Confluence and the River C is erased and objects Virtual Weather Station A SOCONT Reservoir a Spillway D Turbine R as presented in Figure 88 Times Series E and Junction are added River C oe Time series 1 Station H3 Turbine 1 HQ 1 Outside of the basin Diversion 1 SOCONT SOCONT 1 5T fsm LA Station 1 Station H2 ST Station G1 Station H1 Figure 88 Construction of the Example 3 model on the basis of Example 2 New objects are always linked from upstream to downstream e g SOCONT 1 to Diversion 1 Diversion 1 to Confluence Qdiverted and to Outside of the Basin Qdown Reservoir 1 to HQ 1 Reservoir 1 to Turbine 1 Time Series 1 to Turbine 1 Turbine 1 to River C etc After creating the links Figure 89 the news relations can be visualized by double clicking on each blue arrow Figure 90 and Figure 91 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 86 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application
45. Windows Visit the CREALP website http www crealp ch Go to Resources gt Software gt RS MINERVE gt Download Click on Download page RS MINERVE Save the file double click on Setup exe in the Internet browser Downloads frame and follow the installation procedure Read and accept the Terms and conditions for use of RS MINERVE software Click on Install RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 7 108 Introduction Chapter 1 SUO IPUOD jeu SJ J WLJed jqe s njea 10 yde15 ET RE A ME TE of ru w z o umousH yun nea awey suogipuo PU w J rer EE T EE oo voor cooo anjen aweN SIBSJOWIBIEW v ag 90 T0 000 T0 T0 000Z 99PJOJU soyesedwo gt z uogos uompuny J AJOS VIINOS PVE y fqo uoiejng y U9AIS e JO Sa qeI1PA T uogas Jepue y MOUS 0 pasn No SOLIS SOINIINIIS sanjeA sudeiy TT ag seg y ww ae spalqo s w E490 3AMINIW SU xogjoo que saquen pug sagana d s gw 303 ouy sumas f suomunyy sosu eda sy sanlis Ling rase TENN PER Aou du UO I IJ D Sa q aws G EN en re ou s nd n O MO 4 S EW JOD MO sandino sin du 121 4 wuw d uogeydpasg synduy anes v uoz JAYININ SY seqezeq Spo alld oW eN PZT 6S76 7ZE LNODOS s 00 8unIp3 INODOS v uonduos p Palqo XOq OO Sa qelueA pue 00 Yeas S1 WLILed C Pa
46. alization button Toolbox frame Select the dataset or the database to be considered A new layer of points is created and displayed in the GIS interface Figure 58 The user can posteriorly save the layer a RS GIS EE x A 5 A AN 49 Parameters W Initial Conditions Adda Lee HUE aA Q gt Model evs Import P Et Import 2 DB Stations x ON FR Model Links Visualization 49 Export P Ls Export IC Visualization Comman ds Model Connections Model parameters and variables Toolbox E amp Map Layers E V Reckingen_04 14_ORIGINAL a al Reckingen_SBV SRH rt io E L Reckingen_SBV_500m_poly i di Coordinates 661840 056488447 160001 99639347 Figure 58 Visualization of stations location in RS GIS RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 62 108 Chapter 9 Examples of application Chapter 9 Examples of application In this chapter some examples of application are presented in order to deepen the knowledge of the program These basic examples are designated to facilitate the learning of the program RS MINERVE The examples are organized according to the degree of difficulty The use of RS MINERVE in case studies has demonstrated the capacity of the program to correctly reproduce the real behavior of river basins In addition the program facilitates the search of different scenarios of operation while optimizing complex systems in a satisfactorily way This chapter contains three examples with didactic aims
47. alues are displayed as graphical and tabular forms and correspond to the comparator selected in the bottom left of the Comparator frame During the simulation you can change all the objects or all indicators or all comparators to visualize by clicking on or checking them The tabular results of indicators can be exported at all times by copying then pasting the text in a file At the end of the scenario simulation the outputs datasets are available in the same repository than those of the database RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 54 108 Chapter 8 RS GIS Chapter 8 RS GIS The RS GIS module allows the user to manage and process geospatial data In this chapter the RS GIS interface and its different tools are presented 8 1 RS GIS interface To start RS GIS Click on RS GIS in the Toolbox frame Figure 1 The RS GIS is opened Figure 51 GIS Commands Model Parameters Toolbox GIS Interface Connections and variables 992 Parameters Ww Initial Conditions Eps Import P ly Import IC Model Links Visualization SM ExportP M Export IC Model parameters and variables Map Layers I Reckingen_SBV_500m_poly Layers Coordinates 655329 905913978 166308 198924731 Figure 51 Interface of the RS GIS 8 2 GIS Commands Importation of new layers To add geospatial data in the GIS Interface Click on the Add layers button in the GIS Commands window Figure 51 Move up dow
48. aphics Precipitation hh a bam Precipitation mm h 2013 05 08 2013 05 09 2013 05 10 2013 05 11 2013 05 12 2013 05 13 2013 05 14 2013 05 15 Time Figure 80 Database of the model Once the database loaded the user can connect the database to the hydrological model For achieving this purpose the user has to choose the correct data source in the corresponding frame Figure 81 the group Measure and the dataset DataSet Example 2and3 for the current example Since no source TurbineDB reservoir or consumer objects exist in the model it is not necessary to fill up their data sources A Data source Name Group DataSet Staton Measure DataSet Example 2and3 Figure 81 Data source used for connecting the model to the database Finally and after achieve a simulation the weight of each meteorological real station can be checked by clicking at one Virtual Weather station of the hydrological model Figure 82 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 80 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application selected stations and their respective weight Precipitation Name Weight Met Station 1 0 36 Met Station 2 0 64 Temperature Name Weight Met Station 0 36 Met Station 2 0 64 ETP No data Figure 82 Weight of each meteorological station for the Virtual Weather Station H1 The pre simulation validation Validation allows to valid the model If the message Model Example 2 is valid appea
49. ated parameters and OF value RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 46 108 Chapter 7 RS Expert These results can be exported at all times by saving with the Save button located in the same frame or by copying then pasting the text in a file Summary results Process Start 4 9 14 09 01 07 Algorithm SCE UA PRE Process configuration Objective Function OF to maximize OF 3 Nash 1 Bias Score ABS 1 Relative Volume Bias Maximum possible OF value 4 Iteration 615 A Initial Values Iteration 0 before optimization with parameters from model Initial parameters GSM An 5 GSM Tcp2 4 GSM Agl 6 GSM Kgl 1 25 ae SOCONT An 5 Results before optimization Initial indicators values for selected comparator Comp Massa Nash 0 280459966528594 Nash In 0 575826873052973 Pearson Correlation Coeff 0 737032843434434 Bias Score 0 996835829458865 RRMSE 0 490712171437512 Relative Volume Bias 0 0562509603574456 Normalized Peak Error 0 117522504128848 Initial OF value 1 7819647686872 Current Iteration Iteration 615 Current parameters GSM An 7 7596775 GSM Tcp2 5 6951634 GSM Agl 2 2312116 GSM Kgl 1 9065041 SOCONT An 7 4444158 Current indicators values for selected comparator Comp Massa Res u ts of the current iteration Nash 0 0661256724101451 Nash In 0 0775483210698358 Pearson Correlation Coeff 0 673096721312021 Bias Score 0 491086592199747 RRMSE
50. bp HGR3Max KGR3 SOCONT L JO Kr Hsnowlni HGR3Ini Hrini Thetalni Object GSM Units m mm C day day mm mm C day 1 d 1 d mm C day day mm m 1 s Description Surface of infiltration Degree day snowmelt coefficient Critical relative water content of the snow pack Melt coeff due to liquid precipitation Degree day icemelt coefficient Release coeff of icemelt reservoir Release coeff of snowmelt reservoir Minimum critical temperature for liquid precipitation Maximum critical temperature for solid precipitation Critical snowmelt temperature Critical glacier melt temperature Initial snow height Initial outflow of linear snow reservoir Initial outflow of linear glacier reservoir Initial relative water content in the snow pack Surface of infiltration Degree day snowmelt coefficient Critical relative water content of the snow pack Melt coeff due to liquid precipitation Maximum height of infiltration reservoir Release coeff of infiltration reservoir Width of the plane Runoff slope Strickler coefficient Initial snow height Initial level in infiltration reservoir Initial runoff water level downstream of the surface Initial relative water content in the snow pack Regular Range gt 0 0 5 to 20 0 1 0 0125 0 5 to 20 0 1to5 0 1to5 0 6 0 0 gt 0 0 5 to 20 0 1 0 0125 Oto 2 0 00025 to 0 1 gt 0 gt 0 0 1 to 90 A1 3 Appendix Table A1 4 List of parameters and initial condit
51. bration of a model This example allows an introduction to the use of the module of hydrologic calibration in RS Expert The model starts with the previous model built in Example 2 with the same parameters Through this example Figure 103 five parameters are calibrated Two parameters are calibrated for the GSM object and three for the HBV model GSM An the degree day snowmelt coefficient GSM Agl the Degree day icemelt coefficient HBV FC the maximum soil storage capacity HBV SUMax the upper reservoir water level threshold HBV Kr the near surface flow storage coefficient The range of values for the calibration can be defined based on the values given as regular range in Appendix 1 The temperatures the precipitations and the outflow observed are in the database Database manual A uniform and null ETP is assumed for this example the user can check the selected ETP method in the RS MINERVE settings Gauge station s Outlet ee ee mm e RiverC Confluence A station 2 Hivern HB Basin HBV 2 beeen ee nn pee e e G f oa ae mm mm mm mm mn mm I I I I I I I I Fe Meteorological ES station 1 HE GSM Basin HBV 1 Basin GSM 1 RiverA ee ee me mme a mm me ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee me en ee ee ee ee ee ee ee mm me mms Figure 103 Model scheme Objective of Example 4 The wanted result is the new values for the calibrated parameters of the GSM and HBV mod
52. c structures RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 14 108 Chapter 2 Hydrological models 2 2 Standard objects The Standard objects are complementary but generally necessary for feeding structuring and calibrating the model DA A ri Time series Data can be provided to the model as time series time in seconds Data of any type Flow Temperature Precipitation ETP can be directly transferred to other objects Source Data can be also loaded from a database Sources are mostly used to define flow time series for turbine or pump flow and as reference flow for calibration with a Comparator object Comparator This object is used to compare the results of a simulation with a reference data coming from another object generally a Source Both objects are connected to the Comparator for results comparison Submodel A combination of objects can be saved as a submodel and integrated as such in a model Group Interface It allows transferring the input or output variables between different hierarchical levels For hydraulic structures objects and regulation objects please refer to Chapter 6 2 3 Creation of a hydrological model The steps to create a hydrological model for a natural basin without hydraulic structures are presented in this chapter To create the model Open RS MINERVE Click on the type of object to be added Objects frame Figure 1 With the pencil click in the nterface
53. cenario simulation To evaluate the model sensitivity i e the simulated flows to the Initial Conditions to the parameters and also to the meteorological inputs it is necessary to run a lot of simulations to test different sets of values But for the user it is very tedious to launch these many scenarios simulations In RS MINERVE scenario s simulations can be realized in the Scenario simulation tool Click on RS Expert in the Toolbox frame Figure 1 The RS Expert is opened Then click on the Scenario simulation in the top left part of the windows Figure 48 Selection Hydrograph visualization 5 RS Expert Hydrologic calibration rN Data analysis Inputs i DataSets Initial conditions Parameters Turtmann exu C Time slice simulation Nav Tur Add Object Serie T KACREALP Projets 64007 Mandat Tourtemagne 08 modelis f Turtmann Qs m3 s Turtmann Junction Qs m3 s Station VIS D12 T50_Source D1_IC IC_hy In p u ts Scenario simulation K CREALP Projets 64007 Mandat Tourtemagne 08 modelis r 3 1 4 Theta Turtmann Junction Qs m3 s Station VIS D12_Source D1_IC IC_hybrid Tur 3 1_4 Hsnow m Meteo HPP tot m s Source etc Results from selection Each simulation Outputs All results and selecti on 2009 06 03 2009 06 05 2009 06 07 Date Indicators to visualize Progress Start le 01 06 2009 12 00 08 06 2009 12 00
54. chastic simulation Time slices simulation Scenario simulation 7 1 Automatic calibration The complexity of a hydrological model calibration increases with the number of parameters to calibrate The search for optimal values of calibration parameters can be made manually to a reasonable number of parameters But in general for large basins including hundreds or thousands of parameters it is essential to have an automatic calibration tool In RS MINERVE an automatic calibration can be realized in the Hydrological calibration tool Figure 40 Click on RS Expert in the Toolbox frame Figure 1 The RS Expert is opened Figure 40 By default the Hydrological calibration interface is showed Note that when RS Expert is opened RS MINERVE is not active Close RS Expert to use again RS MINERVE Calibration configuration Different types of calibration can be achieved for an optimization Regular calibration One or more zones with a unique downstream gauged station calibrated with the same parameters for all zones Calibration per zone One or more zones with a unique downstream gauged station calibrated with different parameters per zones Regional calibration One or more zones with several downstream gauged station calibrated with the same parameters for all zones The creation of a new calibration configuration can be realized following next steps corresponding to the black boxes in the Figure 40 In the Sel
55. comparison basis for the simulated data Sites of measure stations generally define outlets of sub basins since they represent the location of comparison simulated data vs observed data For simplicity division into zones generally respects the sub basin s division However this is not compulsory and a zone can correspond to several sub basins or one sub basin can be divided into several zones In this first part Chapter 5 1 it is assumed that the sub basin is composed of a single zone Model s performance evaluation Before adjusting the parameters the current performance of the model is evaluated Click on the Comparator object which has been added and connected as presented in Figure 8 Inthe Series frame Figure 22 select Qreference ANA Qsimulation Use Ctrl to select both Visualize the actual results o Inthe Series frame both curves are plotted together under Graphs o In the Comparator frame seven performance indicators are provided read the Technical Manual for more information Garcia Hernandez et al 2015 Nash coefficient Nash In coefficient Pearson Correlation Coefficient Bias Score Relative Root Mean Square Error Relative Volume Bias Normalized Peak Error Manual parameters adjustment Based on the current model s performance object s parameters can be adjusted to improve the next run s performance Click on Parameters in the Parameters and variables frame Figure 22
56. d by clicking on each object Chapter 4 1 or within the Selection and Plots tool Chapter 4 2 It is important to remember that discharges generated by HQ objects are defined by the water level in the reservoir Below a certain level no discharge is produced This is not the case of the TurbineDB objects that withdraws from the reservoir the discharges defined in the database without checking if water is available or not in the reservoir This might result in a negative volume in the reservoir a warning is generated in the Simulation report In order to generate discharges only when the water is actually available Regulation objects are necessary 6 4 Implementation of a regulation Regulation objects allow the definition of automatic rules to switch between different States depending on the actual conditions in the system A State object is similar to a submodel since several objects can be introduced in it as a function of the demands turbine pump diversion etc A typical example of regulation is the implementation of a turbine law as a function of the water level in the reservoir RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 36 108 Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures One or several inputs outputs can be considered in or produced by a State objet The definition of the active State is carried out as a function of the user predefined thresholds values monitored by the Sensor objects Addition of a regulation The complete procedure to add a
57. d in the Time slice simulation tool Click on RS Expert in the Toolbox frame Figure 1 The RS Expert is opened Then click on Time slice simulation in the top left part of the windows Figure 45 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 49 108 Chapter 7 RS Expert C C k Hydrologic calibration x e Inputs Meteo HPP Source etc Outputs All results and selection Solver Selection Hydrograph visualization ss RS Expert Grande Eau Aigle OFEV 1 Grande Eau Aigle OFEV Comparator Q reference m3 s Q x au Aigle OFEV Comparator simulation m3 s Grande Eau Aigle OFEV 01 01 1969 01 0000 v 31 12 1995 23 0000 v c 315294 s 01 1994 01 00 00 01 01 1995 01 00 00 0 57128 047 600 s 1011995 01 00 00 31 12 1995 2300 00 0 36074 0 53191 0 8356 0 97353 0 52494 0 16238 0 2 3600 8 Start Comparators Tabular and graphic results Figure 45 Interface of the Time slice simulation module in black configuration in green results Note that when RS Expert is opened RS MINERVE is not active Close RS Expert to use again RS MINERVE Time slice configuration The creation of a new time slice configuration can be achieved following next steps corresponding to the black boxes in the Figure 45 In the Inputs frame Figure 45 select the dataset s for each data source Station TurbineDB Source etc For example for the
58. d with the corresponding zone Figure 112 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 101 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Selection Object types fones Id GSM 1 HBY 2 Reach Kinematic Station Figure 112 Selection of objects and zones to calibrate The parameters to calibrate are checked in the Parameters frame Figure 113 For each of them the minimum and maximum values are defined based on the values given as regular range in Appendix 1 The source of the initial values is selected as random for the parameters to calibrate and from model for the others Parameters E Select All Select All Initial Values I v E From Model EF Defined Random Model x Name Min Max IV From Model Defined IV Random IV Units HBV E TTInt HBV HBV HBV HBV HBV HEV HBV HBV HEV Figure 113 Definition of the parameters to calibrate Select in the Comparator frame the comparator whose the observed discharges will be used for the calibration of the corresponding zone RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 102 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Comparators Comparator 2 fone 2 Comparator 1 Zone 1 Figure 114 Selection of comparators In the Objective Function OF frame the weight of the Nash and Relative Volume Bias coefficient are settled to 4 and the weight of the Pearson relative coefficient is 2 The other coefficients are all settled to zero Figure 115 Objective Function O
59. data at the entrance of the sub basin being calibrated RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 30 108 Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures Chapters 1 to 5 have presented the different steps to create a hydrological model without any hydraulic structures Chapter 6 explains how structures like reservoirs turbines or spillways are implemented in RS MINERVE Hydraulic structures are listed in Chapter 6 1 and objects used for automatic regulation are presented in Chapter 6 2 6 1 Hydraulic structure objects Reservoir Water level and volume evolution are simulated based on a Level Volume relation and an initial reservoir level HQ Based on a level discharge relation it allows integration of level based outflows to reservoirs such as spillways gates orifices Turbine It calculates the turbine or pump flow from a reservoir based on a Wanted Discharge defined in a Source or in a Time Series TurbineDB The TurbineDB object works as the Turbine object but is directly based on data provided by the database It is equivalent to the combination of a turbine and a source Hydropower This object calculates the power and the revenue normally produced by a turbine depending on the discharge and on the reservoir level y Diversion This object is used to simulate the separation of flow based on an Inflow Diverted flow relation It can be used as a hydrological object but is most
60. del construction including the link between each object and their parameterization Confluence S KW Wu Kw River River HE oom HEW 1 GSM 1 Figure 71 Topologic links between the different objects After that the models are linked from upstream to downstream and the relations created can be visualized by double clicking on each blue arrow Figure 72 Figure 73 Figure 74 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 75 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Cont tence HBY 2 Select the links to be created CS evi 5 gt y River A HB Flow From Qtot To QUp Flow From Qr To QUp Flaw From Qu To QUp Flow From QI To QUE Figure 73 Possible outputs transfers between objects RS MINERVE User s Manual HE GSM 1 Select the links to be created SB cs D Qa Rivers GSM Flow From Qtot To QUp Flow From Qsnow To QUE Flow From Qglacier To QUp Page 76 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Connection Connection FS avi D Wp River A BS osm 1 5 gt gp River B HB ESM Type Source Target Type Source Target QUp Flow Figure 74 Connections between objects The parameters associated to each object are then introduced values available in Table 7 Table 8 and Table 9 The result is presented for both HBV 1 and GSM 1 models in Figure 75 Parameters Parameters Name Value Unit Name Value Unit A 10000000 mz
61. dropower scheme as well as a supplementary basin with an intake The complete model is presented in Figure 87 Outlet ee ee eee eee eee Ra a a a a a eee Basin HBV 3 Fe HB RiverC Reservoir Hal Lo Confluence AM G2 Turbine1 Se Meteorological gee a Channel station 2 Fe as HB RiverB Basin HBV 2 beeen ee ann qn eee fal I I I I I I I I Basin SOCONT1 Fe Meteorological station 1 River X RiverA SOCONT HB I Basin HBV 1 Basin GSM 1 Oe OO OO OO Om mm mm 0 m m m M OO OO OO OO OO M OO OO OS OO mm mm mm ms Figure 87 Model scheme HBV 1 HBV 2 and GSM 1 basins flow through the Reservoir 1 Intake located downstream of a SOCONT model provides supplementary discharge up to 2 m s It is assumed that the propagation in the channel is insignificant and thus it is not necessary to include it in the model in other case we could built it with the Reach Kinematic object The reservoir includes a turbine and a spillway The turbine generates electricity as long as it is possible for a capacity of 1 m s These two reservoir outflows flow in the River C up the outlet where they are joined by the production of HBV 3 sub basin All the parameters of the different objects are provided in Table 11 The temperature and precipitation data are in the database Database manual A uniform and null ETP is assumed for this example the user can check the selected
62. e Volume Bias E Normalized Peak Error Indicators Nash Comp Goneril Oberwald OFEV Bias Score Comp Goneri Oberwald Indicator value 2014 06 21 2014 06 26 2014 07 01 2014 07 06 2014 07 11 Date Comp Rhone Gletsch OFEV Start End Nash Nash In Pearson BS RRMSE RVB NPE a a ey ER 19 06 2014 01 00 00 23 06 2014 00 00 00 7 70296 63 58684 _ 0 93854 93 30684 0 9674 0 90664 0 91617 23 06 2014 00 00 00 30 06 2014 00 00 00 11 65641 70 2255 _ 0 09479 141 57502 0 96488 0 92272 0 92371 8 3 30 06 2014 00 00 00 07 07 2014 00 00 00 9 12034 50 3168 0 73141 115 52978 0 96503 0 91522 0 91352 07 07 2014 00 00 00 14 07 2014 00 00 00 4 65417 24 43107 0 57755 79 83696 0 991 0 89991 0 93668 14 07 2014 00 00 00 15 07 2014 01 00 00 132 02097 1005 04655 0 9657 _ 132 58452 0 94386 0 92037 0 92622 Figure 47 Visualization of indicators at the different comparators RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 51 108 Chapter 7 RS Expert Objects selection in the Selection frame as well as indicators and comparators to consider in the Comparators frame can be modified during the Time slice simulation The tabular results of indicators can be exported at any time by copying them and pasting the text in a file At the end of the time slice simulation the outputs datasets are available in the same repository than those of the database 7 4 S
63. e del 54 CRAN D ed Gien te ee ln nu eee Ne ee 55 8 1 ROIS AT T AC R a e de a panacea 55 8 2 GS COMMANDE de 55 IMbOrtatIOn Of NEW AV rS AUS A AR A de M a nt 55 FOOlS TOC Interaction ENG INO ACO ye SR ARR a a lite ost ee 56 8 3 Modellik S ES a end cie eee 56 CROAT OSC US SES RU ne en en ns cn D Ge 57 MOdeEGIS LIARSS SR end ete a ee tete 59 EXPO Propertie Soei SN Te E a ii aie piton nttante 60 8 4 Hydro Model VISUAlIZATIONS SR SR Rte dm ins 61 SAU al VIEW aos ne A cer denied aude nine als encie 61 8 5 DB Stations VISHAlIZA TION ASS RE A A tense aoa chee eaten 62 D tare uire ments si Marne tn a AN anse 62 PIOC QUF aiana nt RS E cl he 62 Chapter 9 Examples of application nina hele ee 63 9 1 Example 1 Simple basin with Only runoff 64 9 2 Example 2 Combined full basin with meteorological stations ccccccssseceeeeseceeeeeeeeeees 71 9 3 Example 3 Equipped basin with a hydropower scheme 84 9 4 Example 4 Automatic calibration Of a model 97 BIDIOS TAN Rs ed De PP tn PO UE AR ec 106 ACRNONI CEM NESE 22 ain tan Ciesieto Lattes cn tue tete Dettes be tentes nine tente t nt Dipo ont 108 Appendix List of parameters and initial conditions ss A 1 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 5 108 Foreword RS MINERVE is a software for the simulation of free surface run off flow formation and propagation It models complex hydrological and hydraulic networks according to a semi distributed conceptual
64. e in a Regulation this variable will always have one and only one value in the Regulation object Both States are then connected to the second Group Interface Figure 36 Again both States point to the same link target Q down of TurbineDB in the example in the output Group Interface this is why the first State to be connected will have the indication New in the dropdown menu and the second not sss Variable selection Select the links to be created ki fi N DE Interface 1 A Turbine On Turbine On gt fe Interface 1 ss Variable selection Select the links to be created Turbine On zB Interface 2 Flow From Q up of TurbineDB m3 s To Q up of TurbineDB New V Flow From Q down of TurbineDB m3 s To Q down of TurbineDB New Ok Cancel ca al da N a iY On ma IN qa jin Interface 1 J l Interface 2 a I a Turbine Off zea Variable selection esse zea Variable selection Select the links to be created Select the links to be created ae Interface 1 dy Turbine Off y Turbine Off D ES Interface 2 Turbine Off gt Interface 1 W Flow From Q down of Turbine m3 s To Q down of TurbineDB v W Flow From Q up of Turbine m3 s To Qup of TurbineDB Ok Cancel Ok Cancel Figure 36 Links creation in the Regulation interface One more important operation in the Regulation i
65. ection frame Figure 40 select the object types to calibrate press simultaneously Ctrl on keyboard and left click on the object types Then define the corresponding zone s by clicking on the Zone Id number s All the objects corresponding to the selected object types and zone s appear in the Models frame Figure 40 The correspondent parameters are shown in the Parameters frame Figure 40 In the Parameters frame Figure 40 select the parameters to calibrate For each of them define their minimum and maximum possible values Win and Max columns RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 44 108 Chapter 7 RS Expert and the value to be used for the first iteration of the calibration From model Defined value or Random value f more than one zone has been selected Selection frame a column Values per zone appears in the table For the parameter s selected for calibration a box appears in this column If the box is checked the calibration for the parameter will consider a different value for each zone If not the same value will be considered for all zones in the concerned calibration Parameters can be imported in the model by clicking on amp ImportP jn the Parameters import export frame Figure 40 In the Comparators frame Figure 40 select the comparator s whose the observed discharges will be used for the calibration press simultaneously Ctrl on keyboard and left click on the comparators name to select more than one
66. ects Model GIS Links Export Properties Select Field Name Objects to link IDband La Auto ink 126 gl1 ma 126 ql2 M 127 1 i 127 2 Re 127 2 127 3 J 127 3 scot M 127 4 wH CA c gt Figure 55 Linking and unlinking elements Here the two elements are ready to be linked Auto linking objects If the object names match the Field Name displayed in the link viewer then you can use the Auto Link button to match and link the elements automatically RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 59 108 Chapter 8 RS GIS Export Properties Properties can be exported from a linked feature directly to the basin model or to its associated virtual weather station There are two properties that you will definitely want to export from the GIS to the hydraulic model Basin area and the coordinates of the virtual weather station of each basin Create Objects Model GIS Links Export Properties Entities from Shapefile F SOCONT PTE R 127_2 Parameters and Initial Conditions f hapefi 1273 RR 1273 Compute Area from Shapefile Name Column s Name Unit Expo rt to object 127 4 RR 127 4 para meters 127_gl1 Fe 127_gl1 osm ThetaCri 127_gl2 Fe 127_gl2 LU osm Virtual Weather Station 4 L Compute X Y Coordinates from Shapefile Select linked pairs Name Column s Name LU Search Radius Export to virtual weather station
67. ects in the Regulation interface cannot yet be interconnected Group Interfaces have first to be added in the State objects and connected to other objects RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 37 108 Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures Turbine On Ps ses ri a a Da Interface 1 Interface 2 Tu rbine off Figure 30 Objects creation in the Regulation interface Open the Turbine On State object with a right click The empty State interface is opened Add two Group Interfaces and the desired combination of objects For this example add a TurbineDB Figure 31 D R Interface 1 TurbineDB Interface m a Figure 31 Objects creation in the Turbine On State interface In the Data Source frame Figure 23 select for the line TurbineDB the Group and DataSet corresponding to the sensor created in the database Double click on the TurbineDB object to open the TurbineDB frame right side Then click on the Select station from Database button and define the corresponding station in the Station drop down list The link between the TurbineDB object and the database is now operational Interconnections between the TurbineDB and both Group Interfaces have now to be added One of them will ensure the connection from upstream objects the second one to downstream ones o For the Interface 1 connect it to the TurbineDB water flow direction as shown in Figure 32 In the Variable selection pop up select
68. ed Then select the object s series to be displayed The model selection is also used for the results exportation In the Outputs frame Figure 48 define the outputs to be recorded All results all the simulation results of the model and or Results from selection which considers only the above selected model selection For each one it is possible to record o Each simulation one dataset will be produced by time slice see Simulation period in Solver frame at Figure 48 o Combined simulations only one dataset will be produced for all the period o Nothing no dataset will be produced Inthe Solver frame Figure 48 specify o Both Simulation and Recording time steps RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 53 108 Chapter 7 RS Expert The period of each scenario simulation will only correspond to the period covered by all the datasets composing the scenario If the covered periods for a scenario do not overlap for more than one time step a gray progress bar is displayed since simulation cannot be achieved The name of the output file of each scenario is composed by merging the names of all the datasets used for the scenario The input type of each dataset e g Station Source is added before the name of each dataset e g Station Datameteo_Source Datasource Scenario simulation start stop m Click on Start in the Solver frame to launch the time slice simulation If the model is valid the
69. ees Tep2 Te Hini Thetalni A Agl Kgl Ksn Teg QSnowlni QGlacierlni A HMax K Hini A L SWMM JO Snow GSM Glacier GSM GR3 Hini Units mm C day day mm C G C M 2 m mm C day 1 d 1 d He m s m s Description Regular Range Degree day snowmelt coefficient 0 5 to 20 Critical relative water content of the snow pack 0 1 Melt coeff due to liquid precipitation 0 0125 Minimum critical temperature for liquid precipitation 0 Maximum critical temperature for solid precipitation 6 Critical snowmelt temperature 0 Initial snow height Initial relative water content in the snow pack Surface of glacier gt 0 Degree day icemelt coefficient 0 5 to 20 Release coeff of icemelt reservoir 0 1 to5 Release coeff of snowmelt reservoir 0 1 to5 Critical glacier melt temperature 0 Initial outflow of linear snow reservoir Initial outflow of linear glacier reservoir Surface of infiltration gt 0 Maximum height of infiltration reservoir Oto 2 Release coeff of infiltration reservoir 0 00025 to 0 1 Initial level in infiltration reservoir Surface of runoff gt 0 Length of the plane gt 0 Runoff slope gt 0 Strickler coefficient 0 1 to 90 Initial water level downstream of the surface A1 2 Appendix Table A1 3 List of parameters and initial conditions for GSM and SOCONT objects Name A An ThetaCri bp Agl Kgl Ksn Tepi Tep2 Te Teg Hsnowlni Qsnowlni Qglacierini Thetalni A An ThetaCri
70. els after the automatic calibration For the calibration observed and simulated data are compared at the confluence point and at the outlet for a period between the 01 09 2011 00 00 and the 31 08 2012 00 00 In this example the calibration uses an Objective Function OF with a weight of four for the Nash indicator two for the Pearson Correlation Coeff indicator four for the Relative Volume Bias indicator and zero for the other indicators The Simulation time step and the Recording time step are fixed to 600 s RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 97 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Resolution of Example 4 I For the calibration it is necessary to add two source objects 4 to have a reference flows observed discharges at the confluence point and at the outlet Two comparators objects ES are also necessary to compare the results of the simulation with the reference data observations coming from the source object The Confluence and the Source 1 are connected to the comparator 1 The Outlet and the Source 2 are connected to the Comparator 2 The relations created can be visualized by double clicking on each blue arrow Figure 104 Figure 105 Figure 106 Source 2 ks HBY P 4 HBY 3 in cas Comparator 2 D D Riva C Station H3 Source 1 io Confidence Comparator 1 Kb wy Kw 4 riveRE Station H2 HBY GSM f HEVI Gsm Lai LA Station H1 Station G Figure 10
71. er content Initial lower zone free supplemental content Initial lower zone free primary content A1 5 Appendix Table A1 6 List of parameters and initial conditions for structures objects Object Name Units Description H V Level Volume relation Reservoir paired data Hini masl Initial level in the reservoir H HQ Q Level Spill flow relation paired data an m s Discharge Performance relation paired data 7 masl Hydropower plant altitude L m Length of the pipe Hydropower D m Diameter of the pipe K m Roughness of the pipe V m s Kinematic viscosity Default pri if Default Buen efau t price only used if no Price data exists in the database Diversion Quip Qaiverted Inflow Diverted flow relation paired data Citer Default mi Default demand of consummation only QDemand used if no data exists in the database Structure NE ve aa a S Efficiency Efficiency coefficient of the structure efficiency Table A1 7 List of parameters and initial conditions for structures objects Object Name Units Description Series Time Series s depending on the series Time Value series paired data Regular Range 10 1000 10 10 000 0 1 5 0 002 1 0 6 10 1 5 10 0 05 0 5 Regular Range A1 6 RS MINERVE CREALP Centre de recherche sur l environnement alpin Rue de l Industrie 45 CH 1951 Sion T l 41 0 27 607 11 80 Fax 41 0 27 607 11 94 crealp crealp vs ch HydroCosmos S A
72. er window The time interval for the simulation time step and recording time step can be modified accordingly to Table 4 Table 4 Possible time intervals for simulation and recording time steps Simulation time step Recording time step e Seconds e Seconds e Minutes e Minutes e Hour e Hour e Day e Day e Month Click on Start At the end of the computation a Post Simulation report right frame provides a summary of the simulation with potential warning s Visualize the obtained results by selecting each object in the nterface and using the Graphs tool in the Object frame Figure 1 Select the variable s of interest in the list use Ctr to select more than one series During the Validation process the model is verified In particular a Fatal error is generated for each missing required object s input absence of interconnection from upstream RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 25 108 Chapter 4 Simulation 4 2 Results visualization with the Selection and Plots A combination of results can be visualized in the Selection and Plots tool Click on Selection and plots in the Toolbox frame Figure 1 Anew window is opened In the Objects and variables frame Figure 21 all the variables are listed by objects Check in the Objects and variables frame the variable s to draw Le Click on Plot to plot the listed series ed Give a name to the active selection in the Selections list Export the selecti
73. g parameters must be specified the hydropower plant altitude Zcentral in masl the length of the pipe L in m the diameter of the pipe D in m the Roughness K in m the kinematic viscosity v in m s and the default price of electricity only used if no data exists in the database The Hydropower object is ready for use Addition of an HQ object HQ objects are used to define level discharge relations to implement structures such as spillways orifices or sluice gates For illustration purpose an HQ object is used as a spillway in the following procedure Select the HQ object in the Structures objects frame Figure 23 and add it in the Interface Link the Reservoir to the HQ object and the HQ object to the Junction Figure 27 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 35 108 Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures T in Hydrppower N T TurbineDB Reservoir gt Junction downstream HQ Figure 27 Addition of a spillway Double click on the HQ object In the Series frame select the H Q series and open the Values tab Insert data for the H Q relation manually or copied from a spreadsheet The HQ object is ready for use Simulation with implemented structures Several structures can be added in parallel as illustrated in Figure 27 When all objects are created the model linked to the database and validated start the simulation Chapter 4 1 Discharges through the different objects can then be visualize
74. ge 8 108 Figure 1 Structure of the RS MINERVE main window RS MINERVE User s Manual Chapter 1 Introduction 1 3 Updates When RS MINERVE is opened and if an Internet connection is available RS MINERVE connects to the server to check if a new version is available If this is the case the user is invited to install the new version by accepting the update Mise jour disponible Mise jour de l application 7 Une nouvelle version de Routing System est disponible Voulez vous 4 la t l charger maintenant Li Nom Routing System De www crealp ch Figure 2 Installation of updates 1 4 Uninstallation procedure To uninstall RS MINERVE use the conventional uninstallation procedure in Windows 1 5 The RS MINERVE main window The structure of the RS MINERVE main window and the different frames composing it are presented in Figure 1 The Interface frame Figure 1 in the middle of the RS MINERVE window allows the visualization of the model network Interaction within the nterface is possible with the mouse Use the scroll wheel to zoom in zoom out Press the scroll wheel and move the mouse to move the interface window Left click on an object Figure 3 b gt Select the object and move it in the interface Double click on an object the object is highlighted Figure 3 c gt Display the Object description Series and other corresponding frames in the right part e e Junction Junc
75. h SWMM object the respective parameters values available in Table 6 are defined by double clicking on every object and introducing them by the help of the both Parameters and Initial conditions frames The parameters of the Rivers are introduced in the same way Figure 65 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 68 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Parameters Parameters Name Value Unit Name Value Unit Initial conditions Name Value Unit Qin 0 mis Figure 65 Parameters and initial conditions frames of SWMM 1 left and of River A right The date parameters of the simulation are modified in Solver frame on the left of the screen Figure 66 before the calculation For both dates Start and End an arbitrary date is proposed but the End date has to finish 24 hours later than Start date The Simulation time step and the Recording time step have a value of 600 s Solver start 08 05 2013 00 00 00 cop End 09 05 2013 00 00 00 cop Simulation time step 600 5 Recording time step 600 5 Solve Figure 66 Solver frame Constructed final model can be now saved clicking in the button lal and giving a name to the file e g Examplel rsm This way the model could be loaded later to do new simulations Besides the user can introduce a description of the model in the Project frame Figure 67 L New Ll save Open Close lA Save as Description of the current mode
76. he simulation results Final conditions of a previous simulation ending at the start time of the period of interest can be used as current initial conditions to improve the results To save the project Click on Save in the Project frame Figure 1 Define the file name and save 2 4 Exportation of a submodel Combinations of objects can be exported and later imported as Submodel objects in a complete model This allows the structuration of the model by organizing it in different hierarchical levels Adda cE Group Interface to the combination of objects to be exported i Group Interfaces are required to assemble a submodel with the upper hierarchical level It allows transferring the input and or output variables RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 17 108 Chapter 2 Hydrological models Link the output object of the model Junction in Figure 11 to the Group Interface Select the link s to be created in the pop up Flow in the example of Figure 11 2 N 4 Select the links to be created Junction jen Junction gt pz Interface Flow From Qs m3 s To Qs down of Junction New vf Ane Ok Cancel Interface Figure 11 Addition of a Group Interface to the combination of objects to be exported as submodel Export the active model with the Export button in the Model frame Figure 1 gE Create a new project with the New button in the Project frame g7 Impor
77. ine Figure 33 Time series TiN i Q ay Interface 1 Turbine Interface 2 Figure 33 Objects creation in the Turbine Off State interface Double click on the Time Series In the Series frame click on Serie and open the Values tab Enter a series of data with time seconds starting from 0 and QWanted m s as presented in Figure 34 Q 20 7 Time series are entered with time in seconds The second 0 corresponds to the start time of the simulation Consequently a Time series can be used for different periods of simulation If the Times series does not completely cover the period of simulation the last value of the series is constantly applied for the uncovered part If the series varies with time complete coverage of and adequate correspondence with the period of simulation has to be ensured RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 39 108 Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures Series Figure 34 Time series data for the Turbine off Interconnections between the Turbine and both Group Interfaces have now to be added as shown in Figure 35 One of them will ensure the connection from upstream objects the second one to downstream ones sms Variable selection Select the links to be created H Interfacel ee Turbine r nn g wea Variable selection Lo S El Flow From QWanted up of Turbine New To QWanted m3 s Select the links to be created ree Turbine gt o Interface 1 L J Turbine gt
78. ion 1 Interpolation Linear oT Statistics P Met Station 2 Initial date 01 10 2011 00 00 00 a Obs Outlet gt Obs Confluence Simulation Final date 30 09 2012 23 00 00 Min value 0 00 mm h Average value 0 0663554594 mm h Max value 10 30 mm h Hida EA Graphics Precipitation 2 Precipitation mm Figure 108 Database of the model Once the database loaded the user can connect the database to the hydrological model For achieving this purpose the user has to choose the correct data source in the corresponding frame Figure 109 the group Measure and the dataset DataSet Example 4 for the current example A Data source Name Group DataSet Station Measure Dataset Example 4 Source Dataset Example 4 Figure 109 Data source used for connecting the model to the database Finally the module of hydrologic calibration in RS Expert can be launched by clicking on RS Expert in the Toolbox frame The RS Expert is opened By default the Hydrological calibration interface is showed Figure 110 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 100 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application ssa RS Expert Hydrologic calibration Data analysis Time slice simulation Scenario simulation WX E Import be Export W Export All 5 Import P Export P Calibration configuration Calibration Configuration Configuration Priority New Calibration Selection Object ty
79. ion From P To P Temperature From T T T Evapotranspiration From ETP To ETP Station 1 SOCONT Junction Comparator Start 01012000 01 00 00 End 08 01 2000 00 00 00 v Simulation time step 600 Recording ime step 3600 s Solver LA Station 2 Gsm de Junction gt p Comparator GSM Flow From Qs To Q reference Flow From Qs To Q simulation L A Station 2 BS GSM Precipitation From P To P Temperature From T To T Start Restart simulation with Current values Conditions on 08 012000 00 00 00 Figure 8 Example of a simple model To define the Parameters of the model objects Click on amp Parameters in the Parameters and Variables frame Figure 1 Select an Object type and a Zone Id in the Selection frame Figure 9 Use Ctrl to select more than one Zone ID In the Parameters management frame Figure 10 left the parameters of the selected object type are listed Parameters with identical value in all objects of the selected zone s are checked by default The objects contained in the zone s and their respective parameter values are displayed in the Objects list Figure 10 right Define the parameters to be calibrated i e uniformly modified by checking and unchecking the parameters in the Parameters management frame the x column Figure 10 left Modify in the Parameters manage
80. ions for HBV and GR4J objects Object Name CFMax CFR CWH TT TT Int TTSM Beta FC PWP SUMax Kr Ku KI Kperc Hsnowlni WHIni Hini SUlni SLIni A X1 X2 GR4J X3 X4 Sini Rini HBV Units 2 m mm C day g3 3 3 ZAS SS Description Surface of the basin Melting factor Refreezing factor Critical relative water content of the snow pack Threshold temperature of rain snow Temperature interval for rain snow mixing Threshold temperature for snow melt Model parameter shape coeff Maximum soil storage capacity Soil permanent wilting point Upper reservoir water level threshold Near surface flow storage coeff Interflow storage coeff Baseflow storage coeff Percolation storage coeff Initial snow height Initial relative water content in the snow pack Initial humidity Initial upper reservoir water level Initial lower reservoir water level Surface of the basin Capacity of production store Water exchange coefficient Capacity of routing store UH time base Initial water content in the production reservoir Initial water level in the routing reservoir Regular Range gt 0 0 5 to 20 0 05 0 1 Oto 3 Oto 3 0 1to5 0 05 to 0 65 0 03 to 0 65 0 to 0 10 0 05 to 0 5 0 01 to 0 4 0 to 0 15 0 to 0 8 gt 0 0 1 to 1 2 0 005 to 0 003 0 02 to 0 3 1 1 to 2 9 A1 4 Appendix Table A1 5 List of parameters and initial conditions for the SAC SMA object Object Name A Adim
81. ischarge of 5 m sis defined as presented in Figure 99 nA E LE LA 50000 Time z Figure 99 Proposed release from the Time Serie New objects are linked as before from upstream to downstream obtaining same relations as presented in Figure 100 Turbine 2 relations Connection Connection 7 ss D v TE por Time series 2 gt gt cece Turbine 2 Type Source Target TA Turbine 2 g Reservoir 1 P g Flow QWanted QWanted Type Source Target Connection TA Turbine NS River C Type Source Target QUp Figure 100 Connections between objects RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 94 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Results of Example 3 Part B In the following figure we can see the new flows of the outlet and other variables As it can be seen the peak is reduced to less the 8 m s due to the preventive releases at the outlet of the model Figure 101 Moreover with the extra releases we have created a first artificial peak Series Graphs Values 8 Flow m3 s f 2013 05 08 2013 05 09 2013 05 10 2013 05 11 2013 05 17 2013 05 13 2013 05 14 2013 05 19 Date Figure 101 Outlet hydrograph after the addition of the new release Peak discharge of 7 6171 m s arrives now on Mai 10 2013 at 02 10 Maximum water level on the reservoir 2128 4731 m a s l is at this case smaller
82. its does not affect the Database units Evapotranspiration data Database bad Latitude 46 only necessary for Turc McGuinness and Oudin methods Longitude 6 only necessary for Turc and McGuinness methods Uniform ETP 0 mm d Reset Ok Figure 5 RS MINERVE Settings window The settings are saved in the user s computer and are kept when the program is opened again 1 8 List of keyboard shortcuts and mouse actions The user can use a list of keyboard shortcuts Table 1 as well as a list of mouse actions over the graphics Table 2 Table 1 List of keyboard shortcuts Ctrl N New Project Ctrl O Open Project Ctrl S Save Project Ctrl Shift S Save as Project Ctrl W Close Project F5 Start Simulation Shift F5 Stop Simulation RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 11 108 Chapter 1 Introduction Esc Back go to hierarchical higher level Cancel object selection when object type selected in Objects frame Space Switch between Se ect and Connections Ctrl Space Switch between Select and Transitions in a Regulation object only Ctrl To select more than one object or series Table 2 List of mouse actions in graphics Over the axes Left click Right click and move the mouse Displace the current view Move the scroll wheel Zoom in zoom out Click on scroll wheel and move the mouse Select the zoom zone Double click on scroll wheel Back to default zoom Over the time series plot
83. l Project Figure 67 Project frame The description of the model can be added here Before running calculation a pre simulation validation of the model parameterization can be made in clicking in the button Validation Model frame Its report is summarized on the right of the interface Finally the simulation is initiated by clicking on the button Start in the Solver frame RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 69 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Results of Example 1 In order to access to the calculation results for each object it has to be clicked two times on any of them For example clicking double on the object Outlet its dialog box is opened on the right and the simulated hydrograph being the objective of the Example 1 is shown Figure 68 Series Qs m3 s Flow m3 s 00 00 04 00 07 59 12 00 16 00 19 59 00 00 Date 3 Figure 68 Results of the simulation in the outlet of the model If we check the values Figure 69 we can found that the maximal discharge 29 0139 m s arrives at 09 50 assuming the simulation starts at 00 00 Series Date Qs m3 5 08 05 2013 08 50 00 08 05 2013 09 00 00 27 7952795049379 08 05 2013 09 10 00 28 321520873397 08 05 2013 09 20 00 28 6832244464403 08 05 2013 09 30 00 28 9069267988758 06 05 2013 09 40 00 29 012504 781128 06 03 2013 09 50 00 29 013835 73707244 08 05 2013 10 00 00 28 9219045425775 08 05 2013 10 10 00 2
84. lts in excel format clicking in Export results to in the series frame 224 RS Plotter XX Import Export Draw from active model Export results to Selections Model Selections 4 se Example 2 Name Count Selection BF Confluence Selection 4 Ne River A GSM 1 GSM Qtot m3 s ae HBV 2 HBV Qtot m3 s a HBV 1 HBV Qtot m3 s iver HBV 3 HBV Qtot m3 s 3 Outlet lA Station G1 lA Station H2 Series LA Station H1 Object Serie amp GSM1 3 HBV 2 HBV 2 Qtot m3 s 3 HBV1 Qtot m3 s 3 HBV 3 HBV 3 Qtot m3 s la Station H3 Flow m3 s Database Measure x Name Creation l DataSet RSM 7 12 2013 11 02 54 AM 7 Lol ic 2013 05 09 2013 05 11 2013 05 13 2013 05 15 Date Figure 85 Selection and Plots with the hydrographs at the outlet for each sub basin of the system GSM 1 GSM Qtot m3 s 3 HEV 2 HBY Qtot ms HEV 1 HBV Qtot m s HEV 3 HBV Qtot m3 s Flow m s 2013 05 09 2013 05 11 2013 05 13 2013 05 15 Date Figure 86 Hydrographs at the outlet for each sub basin of the system RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 83 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application 9 3 Example 3 Equipped basin with a hydropower scheme This example allows showing the potential of RS MINERVE for equipped basins The model starts with the previous model built in Example 2 and adds a hy
85. ly used as a hydraulic function Consumer This object simulates the consumed discharge of a user e g a village or an agricultural field based on a series from a database or from a uniform demand QO x Structure efficiency This object computes effects of discharge losses in a structure like a canal or a pipe based on an efficiency coefficient HEE Fl RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 31 108 Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures 6 2 Regulation objects Yr Sensor Sensors are connected to other objects generally reservoirs from we which they measure a particular variable to compare it to user predefined thresholds In the case of a reservoir water level or volume can be monitored Wa Regulation It allows loading the Regulation interface in which regulatory models with different States are developed State In a Regulation several State objects can be included to adapt the operations based on the situation Only one State can be active in a Regulation Transfer from one State to another are based on threshold values monitoring provided by Sensors 6 3 Addition of a Hydropower scheme This chapter presents a general example for the construction of a hydropower scheme including a reservoir with a hydropower plant a turbine and a spillway Addition of a reservoir To add a reservoir Select the object Reservoir in the Structures objects frame Figure 23 and add it in the Interface Link the outpu
86. m3 s station identifier Station flow Flow A Select from database station Station flow Sensor station flow 7 Figure 19 Left The Data Source frame Right Definition of the station for objects Source Interaction between the database and the active model Modifications of the database in RS Database without saving them are taken into account during simulations of the active model However when the database is closed only saved changes will be applied to the database Therefore proper saving of the modifications is recommended 1 Source objects have to be linked to another object to define the type of output and corresponding units before the link to the station can be defined RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 24 108 Chapter 4 Simulation Chapter 4 Simulation 4 1 Runamodel Before solving a model its validity has to be verified Click on the Validation button A Pre Simulation report is generated right frame In case of Fatal error s Correct your model consequently gu In case of Warning s Proceed to adequate modifications if required In case of Note s Consider the message s and go ahead Inthe Solver window Figure 1 define the simulation period simulation time step and recording time step Figure 20 A Solver Start 18 07 2014 00 00 00 End 18 07 2014 01 00 00 Simulation time step 600 sec Recording time step 600 sec ki Start Figure 20 The Solv
87. ment frame the values of the Parameters to be calibrated and click on Apply selected changes Alternatively individually modify the values of each object in the Objects list Figure 10 right Repeat the procedure for all object types in each zone The concept of Zones allows the modification of a parameter or initial condition to all the objects contained in the selected zone s by attributing a unique value RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 16 108 Chapter 2 Hydrological models Selection Object types Zones Id SnowLayer Glacier GR3 SWMM Socont GSM Figure 9 Selection frame Parameters management Zones 0 Objects Socont x Name Value Unit Name Parent model Zone A m2 An mm C day et bp hGR3Max nm Socont 1 1 Model type 2600000 10 fx ho Sor EE CE CS ThetaCri o1 b Socont 22 Model type O 200000 10 fod joossjo3 e ba T M fs 23 Woes ype lo 320000 0 fo fous CES CE om LI Socont 22 Model type 0 102300 10 oz o0125 03 HORS poosis o selected changes Figure 10 Left Parameters management frame Right Objects of the selected zone s and their parameters To define the nitial Conditions Click on Initial Conditions in the Parameters and Variables frame Figure 1 Proceed in a similar way than for the Parameters definition to modify all the Initial Conditions Initial conditions are generally not known precisely Approximated values can be entered to improve t
88. model objects and the resulting topologic links is thus achieved as presented in Figure 62 and it only remains the introduction of the parameters i Pan ku N gt w Rivir B sun 3 SWMM Z Time seriez Figure 62 Topologic links between the different objects from the model RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 67 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application By double clicking on the links just created blue arrows the information transferred between Time Series and the three run off surfaces as well as that between all other objects from up to downstream is verified Figure 62 Connection Connection e _ _ a Fur Time 5 Sip swumi Mp immi gt Ym Rivera Type source Target Type Source Target Precipitation i Flow Q QUE Connection Connection we oo a ihe tan gt i e wel Rivera 5 Confluence Confluence gt wg River C Type source Target Type Source Target Flow ODown Qe Figure 63 Examples of different connections of the presented model In clicking double on the Time Series object the associated frame is opened on the right of the screen and the values time s i m s are introduced Figure 64 Series Sere Values Time s 1 m s 0 0 3600 7200 10800 14400 18000 0 0000015 21600 0 0000023 25200 0 00000277 28800 0 0000019 32400 36000 39600 43200 Figure 64 Values of the Temporary series Next for eac
89. mples of application Table 9 Characteristics of the objects River A Parameters and initial conditions Lenght L bed width BO Side bank rel m Slope JO Strickler K Initial discharge Qini River C Parameters and initial conditions Lenght L bed width BO Side bank rel m Slope JO Strickler K Initial discharge Qini Values 3000 0 001 30 Values 2000 0 001 30 m s m s m s m s River B Parameters and SES ah Values Units initial conditions Lenght L 4000 m bed width BO 4m Side bank rel m 1 Slope JO 0 005 Strickler K 30 m s Initial discharge Qini 0 m s Besides two meteorological real stations are included in the data base Table 10 Characteristics of the meteorological real stations Meteorological Station 1 Database Parameters and N lt X RS MINERVE User s Manual BRAE pie Values initial conditions 605709 m 102143 m 2756 m Units Meteorological Station 2 Database Parameters and NS ae Values Units initial conditions 604002 m X Y 103517 m 2 2387 L 2387 m Page 74 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Resolution of Example 2 and GSM HEY First of all the subcatchment with HBV models will be set up Then the three rivers with Reach Kinematic and the two junctions are also added as presented in Figure 70 more details are given in Example 1 for mo
90. n H Q of the HQ 1 Series Series Flow m3 s g 1000000 2000000 3000000 Time s Figure 95 Discharge of the Turbine 1 inserted in the Time Series 1 Once the construction finished it can be saved clicking in the button lal and giving a name to the rsm file e g Example3 rsm Before starting the calculation the meteorological data have to be loaded the dialog box of the database is opened clicking in Open for loading the corresponding database file Database manual The user can click in for visualizing or modifying the database Figure 80 Finally the necessary parameters of the simulation are chosen in the menu Solver frame according to the propose dates in the wording The other values time intervals stay as indicate in the program being 600 s in both cases RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 90 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application If the pre simulation validation allows to valid the model with the message Model Example 3 is valid the simulation can be initiated clicking in the button Start Results of Example 3 Part A All the results can be visualized by double clicking in the corresponding object Figure 96 presents the hydrograph at the system outlet Series Qs m3 s Graphs Values 10 Flow m3 s 2013 05 08 2013 05 09 2013 05 10 2013 05 11 2013 05 12 2013 05 13 2013 05 14 2013 05 15 Date Figure 96 Outlet h
91. n necessary The procedure is iterative until the simulation results are considered sufficiently satisfying for a specified zone Parameters and Initial conditions can be exported to be later imported again Use Export P and Import P for the parameters and Export IC and Import IC for the initial conditions in the Parameters and variables frame Figure 22 The parameters or initial conditions can be saved as txt file or also as xisx file with one sheet per object type Automatic parameters adjustment An automatic calibration can be also achieved thanks to a specific module developed in RS Expert Please the chapter 7 1 for more information RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 29 108 Chapter 5 Model calibration 5 2 Complete basin calibration When a basin is composed of many sub basins the calibration has to be progressively achieved from upstream to downstream in the basin By proceeding as such contributions from the upstream calibrated sub basin s are considered as input s to the downstream sub basin on which the calibration is performed Parameters are modified for the concerned sub basin to obtain the best possible results at the outlet of the sub basin The calibration module Chapter 7 1 can realize multiple calibrations for calibrating these complex basins from upstream to downstream Depending on the quality of the simulation results inputs from upstream sub basins can be replaced in the calibration process by observed
92. n the different layers and use the check boxes to display or not the layers RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 55 108 Chapter 8 RS GIS in Pan Un Zoomin ON ON Zoom out Zoom to layer extent A oe Zoom to global extent View attribute table of selected layer View information on selected feature Copy values from clipboard 8 3 Model Links The Model Links tools in the Model Connections frame simplify the creation of hydrological models and allow the visualization of the state variables and parameter s values in the GIS interface It is possible to use Model Links only after a layer has been added to the GIS Once you have added a layer to the interface Select the layer on the left side of the interface window Click Model Links in the Model Connections frame An attribute table for the selected entities as well as an action area with three tabs should appear below the GIS interface Figure 52 Select features of the selected layer in order to bring them up in the attribute table use the Select All button to select all features In the action area select in the drop down menu a Field Name layer attribute that should be used to identify features RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 56 108 Chapter 8 RS GIS a RSGIS N oS e H FE 909 Parameters Initial Conditions 2 ere Q Et vozel N b DB Stations ON FA ks Visualization 41 Export P 4 Export IC Visualization Commands fodel Connection
93. nd Recording time steps Time slice simulation start stop m Click on Start in the Solver frame to launch the time slice simulation If the model is valid the simulation starts In addition succes of each time slice is presented with a green progress bar Figure 46 left If one time slice cannot be achieved the RS MINERVE error window is displayed and a gray progress bar is shown Figure 46 right Frogress Start End Progress Start End 19 06 2014 01 00 01 07 2014 00 00 ees 19 06 2014 01 00 01 07 2014 00 00 ee OL 07 2014 00 00 15 07 2014 01 00 es 01 07 2014 00 00 15 07 2014 01 00 Figure 46 Progress state after success left and failure right of the simulation Click on KL Se in the Solver frame if necessary to stop the simulation All results until that moment are saved Time slice results After each computation of each time slice next components are showed Inthe Solver frame the progress bar of each time slice Inthe Selection frame the series of the components selected in the object list for the last computed time slice n the Comparators frame the values of the indicators checked under Indicators to visualize for the selected comparators are graphically shown in the top part of the frame and in tabular form in the bottom part of the same frame Figure 47 Comparators Indicators to visualize iW Nash E Nash In T Pearson Correlation Coeff W Bias Score E RRMSE _ Relativ
94. nd implement a Regulation is detailed hereafter For illustration purpose consider two possible States Turbine On and Turbine Off for the turbine of the previous example the turbine should turn off if the water level at the reservoir falls below 1503 masi and turn back on when the water level exceeds 1506 masl and so on Delete the Turbine DB object of the previous example Select the Regulation object in the Regulation objects frame Figure 23 and add it in the nterface Add a Sensor and link the Reservoir to the Sensor Figure 28 oF Regulation Sensor Reservoir gt ka downstream HQ Figure 28 Objects creation for a Regulation Double click on the Sensor In the Thresholds frame enter the different threshold altitude values in the Values column Figure 29 The identifiers d are automatically created for each entered value Thresholds Id Values Figure 29 Example with two threshold values Sensor objects monitor the user predefined threshold values For each simulation time step the threshold values are compared to the actual value of the monitored variable Each threshold value is then characterized by Over or Below the actual level Open the Regulation with a right click The empty Regulation interface is opened Add two Group Interfaces and two State objects Figure 30 Rename the State objects to give them an explicit name Turbine On and Turbine Off for instance Obj
95. nding on the model is directly linked to the downstream object after the conversion If any other discharge is linked downstream e g the Qr in the SOCONT model to a junction the link is deleted after conversion RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 20 108 Chapter 2 Hydrological models Table 3 Direct conversions between objects Object Glacier GSM MH GR3 SWIMM GSM SOCONT HBV GR4J SAC SOCONT GRY SAC Inputs P andT P and ETP P andT P T ETP P T ETP P and ETP P and ETP RS MINERVE User s Manual 44 4 4 GR4J SAC SWMM No direct conversions GSM GSM GR3 GSM HBV GR4J SAC SWMM GSM GR3 GSM SOCONT GR4J SAC SWMM GR3 SAC SWMM GR3 GR4J SWMM ora HELU GRY Ln a m osm GOCONT GRY amp her Inputs P and T P and ETP P and ETP P and T P and T P and ETP P and T P T ETP P and ETP P and ETP P and T P and ETP P and T P T ETP P and ETP P and ETP P and ETP P and ETP P and ETP P and ETP Page 21 108 Chapter 3 Database Chapter 3 Database The different input data as well as exported results are managed within a database The RS Database tool accessible from the RS MINERVE window is used to create or edit the database linked to the active model 3 1 The RS Database tool The RS Database tool window appears when a database
96. nual Page 47 108 Chapter 7 RS Expert selected for the calibration in the Comparators frame the comparator to show can be modified by clicking on the one of interest in the same frame summary results L Graphic results OF Progress Comparator OF Progress Comparator Evolution of the OF Grande Eau Aigle OFEV Iteration 47 Q reference m3 s Q simulation mB s pa in Objective Function Initial value Values Current value 0 10 20 30 40 Iteration 2013 Date Figure 43 Graphic results of the calibration in progress Evolution of the Objective function left and hydrograph of both observed and current simulated discharge right At the end of the calibration The parameters obtained for the best Objective Function value are applied in the current model If the model is saved the parameters are stored if not the hydrological model keeps the initial parameter values The parameters can be also exported in a file by clicking on EpetP jn the Parameters import export frame Figure 40 Multiple calibration Additionally in combination with all possible optimizations multiple calibrations can be achieved Unconnected basins calibration several independent basins can be calibrated if the same order is provided for all of them Upstream downstream basins calibration Different dependent basins can be calibrated from upstream to downstream order grows up from
97. oefficient The RS Expert module specifically created for research or complex studies enables in depth evaluation of hydrologic and hydraulic results Time slice simulation facilitates the analysis of large data sets without overloading the computer memory Scenario simulation introduced the possibility of simulating multiple weather scenarios or several sets of parameters and initial conditions to study the variability and sensitivity of the model results The automatic calibration with different algorithms such as the SCE UA calculates the best set of hydrological parameters depending on a user defined objective function RS MINERVE program is freely distributed to interested users Several projects and theses have used and are using this program for study basins in Switzerland Spain Peru Brazil France and Nepal In addition to the research center CREALP and the engineering office HydroCosmos SA which currently develop RS MINERVE two universities Ecole Polytechnique F d rale de Lausanne and Universitat Polit cnica de Val ncia collaborate to improve RS MINERVE and use it to support postgraduate courses in Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences Other collaborations such as with the Hydro10 Association complement and enhance the development of RS MINERVE RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 6 108 Chapter 1 Introduction RS MINERVE is based on the same concept than Routing System Il earlier software developed at the Laborato
98. of Ne Kw AE HBV 3 sT River N a Station H3 A HQL Tiny g Resefoir 1 LP De Vu ee HBY HBA La Station H2 Station H1 Figure 89 Typology of the new model men Uinkc Select the links to be created ST e LA Stations gt gt SB socont 1 SOCONT Preapitation From P To P Temperature From T To T Evapotranspiration From ETP To ETP Be Turbine 1 ST LA Station 51 ER soconr 1 i SOCONT kr Time series 1 Op of the basin 4 Diversion R River SM1 a Station G1 Station SL Connection Source Target P P T H Ee jee Type Precipitation Temperature Evapotranspiration Figure 90 Relations for Virtual Weather Station S1 and SOCONT 1 objects RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 87 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Reservoir relations Connection g Reservoir HOQ Type Source Target A HQ gt Reservoir Type Source Target Connection DR Ho gt gt Ne river c Type Source Target Flow Q Qup Turbine relations Connection g Reservoir 1 gt gt T Turbine 1 T Turbine 1 gt amp Reservoir 1 Type Source Target Connection gt gt T Turbine 1 Type Source Target Flow OWanted QWanted r tine Connection T Turbine 1 gt River C Type Source Target QUp Intake relations Connection
99. on using Selections frame gt Export a Import a selection using Selections frame gt Import A second selection appears in the Selections list Different selections can be defined and saved for the exploitation and analysis of the results Note that when Selection and Plots is opened RS MINERVE is not active Close Selection and Plots to use again RS MINERVE Selections Series import export management Selections list Graph Import Export Plot Export results to Selections Series Selections New selection 4 Demonstration Name Count La Station 1 New selection 1 SOCONT Junction Junction Qs m3 s 4 Junction J Qs m3 s i i3 Comparator O bj ects Source la Station 2 and variables Gsm Series list 2000 01 02 2000 01 04 2000 01 06 Va Source of data Figure 21 The Selection and Plots window 12 Variables of two different units can be drawn simultaneously second axis Use the mouse to visualize data values press left button move press right button zoom press scroll wheel or fit to view double click on scroll wheel Zoom and fit to view can be also realised onto the axes Selections are saved in a text file with the chk format RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 26 108 Chapter 4 Simulation 4 3 Export Import of results to a database Results of a simulation can be saved to the database as a dataset of time series Select Expor
100. open a project with Project gt Open i By selecting Submodel in the Standard objects frame and adding the object in the Interface RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 18 108 Chapter 2 Hydrological models 2 5 Model conversion The conversion between different hydrological models is possible with the button Converter of the Model frame Figure 13 4 Validation O Ae Import 1 Export Converter Model Figure 13 Model frame The model conversion is direct for hydrological model conversions presented in Table 3 For achieving the conversion initial and final hydrological model types are selected Then the zone s and the object s to convert are chosen Figure 14 In the current version only the parameter A Surface is transferred to the new model All other parameters are fixed to the by default values of each model Conversion HBV gt SOCONT m ER Zones Zones 0 A Ea HEM SOCONT Inputs A select All Apply conversion Name Parent model Zone E Hgy New Model A Precipitation P mm h gt P mm h Temperature T PC gt T CO ETP ETP mm h gt ETP mm h Outputs Flow Qtot m s gt Qtot m3 s Farameters Surface A m2 gt A m2 Figure 14 Example of a conversion between HBV and SOCONT If the converted model does not need all inputs a message informs that one of the inputs is deleted as presented in Figure 15 for the input Temperature Conversion HBV
101. p Pctim Riva UztwMax UzfwMax Uzk Zperc Rexp Pfree LztwMax SAC LzfpMax SMA LzfsMax Rserv Lzpk Lzsk Side Adimini Uztwini Uzfwini Lztwini Lzfpini Lzfsini Units 2 m 1 d 1 d SSeS ea 3 Description Regular Range Surface of the basin gt 0 Maximum fraction of an additional impervious 0 to 0 2 area due to saturation Permanent impervious area fraction 0 to 0 05 Riparian vegetarian area fraction 0 to 0 2 The upper zone tension water capacity 0 01 to 0 15 The upper zone free water capacity 0 005 to 0 10 Interflow depletion rate from the upper zone P PP 0 10 to 0 75 free water storage Ratio of maximum and minimum percolation rates 10 to 350 Shape parameter of the percolation curve 1 to 4 Percolation fraction that goes directly to the 0 to0 6 lower zone free water storages The lower zone tension water capacity 0 05 to 0 40 The lower zone primary free water capacity 0 03 to 0 80 The lower zone supplemental free water capacity 0 01 to 0 40 Fraction of lower zone free water not Otol transferable to lower zone Depletion rate of the lower zone primary free P EN 0 001 to 0 03 water storage Depletion rate of the lower zone supplemental P PP 0 02 to 0 3 free water storage Ratio of deep percolation from lower zone free PE 0 to 0 5 water storages Initial tension water content of the ADIMP area Initial upper zone tension water content Initial upper zone free water content Initial lower zone tension wat
102. pes Zones Id GSM A HBV Reach Kinematic Station Parameters Comparators Comparator 2 Zone A Comparator 1 Zone A Models Type Name Parent model Zone Objective Function OF Total Weight for the Objective Func 0 Indicators Weight Nash Nash In Pearson Correlation Coeff Bias Score RRMSE Relative Volume Rias Hydrologic parameters optimization Solver Algorithm parameters Start 01 10 2011 00 00 00 gt v End 30 09 2012 00 00 00 gt Simulation time step 600 E Recording time step 600 s Figure 110 Interface of the Hydrological calibration module Start Summary results A Process A Initial Values A Best Solution Parameters Select All Select All Initial Values IV From Model E Defined E Random Model x Name Min Max IV From Model DefinedIV RandomIV Units Valu Graphic results OF Progress Comparator Evolution of the OF Objective Function e Initial value Values Current value 0 20 40 60 80 100 Iteration Two calibration configurations can be created one for each zone of the model Figure 111 Give the order 1 to the calibration of zone 1 and order 2 to the calibration of zone 2 Calibration Configuration Figure 111 Creation of the calibration configurations In the Selection frame the HBV and GSM objects types are selecte
103. priate units are listed The value in the nitial conditions frame will change after every simulation to the value interpolated from the time series Once a reservoir is implemented outputs of the reservoir have to be defined Water from a reservoir can be exited through different ways A combination of Turbine or TurbineDB and Hydropower objects are used to simulate the use of water for hydropower production Regulations are generally used to automatize the operation of Turbine and TurbineDB objects Finally HQ objects generate discharges based on elevation discharge relations ad All these objects can be used independently and cumulatively For example several turbines can be placed in parallel with one or several TurbineDB s HQ object s and or Regulation s None of them is imperative Addition of a TurbineDB object The TurbineDB object is based on data from a database Thus before adding a TurbineDB data have to be added to the database Open a database see Chapter 3 and create a station with a sensor of category Flow Modify the description and insert data for the TurbineDB outflow in the Values tab The TurbineDB object is then added Select the object TurbineDB in the Structures objects frame Figure 23 and add it in the Interface Add also a Junction to which outflow s from the Reservoir will be linked to Switch to Connections Editing Tools frame gt Connections or use the space key and link the Reservoir to the
104. reate Objects If we now view the hydraulic submodel that was created we see that all the SOCONT and GSM objects were created and linked to both a junction and a virtual station Figure 54 a Station 127_4 127_4 b cae A Station 126_gl2 126_gl2 Figure 54 Automatically generated objects RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 58 108 Chapter 8 RS GIS It is still necessary to link the junctions to a group interface and define certain properties of the basins area and virtual stations coordinates in order for the submodel to be complete In Export Properties we see how these properties can be exported by bulk from the linked shapefile features Model GIS Links It is important that model objects be linked with GIS features for two reasons First it allows properties to be efficiently exported from the features to the object see next section Second it allows model simulation results to be viewed in the GIS See Figure 57 In the following we explain how to remove and create a link between a feature and an existing model object Link creation To create a link Select an unlinked feature in the link viewer Select a model object in the right hand list Click the ink icon situated below the Auto Link button Link removal To remove a link Select the link you wish to remove in the link viewer on left side of Figure 55 Click the unlink icon situated below the Auto Link button Create Obj
105. rs the simulation can be started by clicking in the button Start RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 81 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Results of Example 2 Once finished the calculation the hydrograph in the outlet of the system among others can be visualized Figure 83 Series Qs m3 s 2013 05 09 2013 05 11 2013 05 13 2013 05 15 Date Figure 83 Hydrograph in the outlet of the system If we check the values Figure 84 we can found that the maximal discharge arrives on Mai 9 2013 at 07 20 and the discharge value is 8 306 m s Series Qs m35 09 05 2013 06 00 00 7 997592727295 09 05 2013 06 10 00 8 0862434755 09 05 2013 06 20 00 8 160115030 09 05 2013 06 30 00 8 21837 38050 09 05 2013 06 40 00 6 2605456234 09 05 2013 06 50 00 8 280608947011 09 05 2013 07 00 00 6 294 7820648 09 05 2013 07 10 00 63009328420 09 05 2013 07 2000 8 3060171814 09 05 2013 07 30 00 8 302905 2104 09 05 2013 07 40 00 8 2893 07140 09 05 2013 07 50 00 8 2682719625 09 05 2013 08 00 00 8 2411084322 Figure 84 Discharge values at outlet RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 82 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application All the simulated variables of the model including the discharge in each sub basin outlet can be visualized Figure 85 and Figure 86 clicking on the Plot frame and in selecting the series to draw as presented in chapter 4 2 Finally you can export the selection resu
106. ry of Hydraulic Constructions LCH at the Ecole Polytechnique F d rale de Lausanne EPFL Dubois et al 2000 Garcia Hernandez et al 2007 and used since 2002 in different projects and theses such as by Jordan 2007 or Claude 2011 The software presented hereafter RS MINERVE is currently developed by the CREALP and HydroCosmos SA with the collaboration of the previously mentioned LCH as well as the Universitat Polit cnica de Val ncia UPV It has also been used since 2011 in numerous projects and theses e g Garcia Hernandez 2011 This first chapter contains the structure of the manual the procedure to install and update RS MINERVE and the overview of the RS MINERVE window 1 1 Document structure The manual is composed of nine main chapters 1 Introduction Hydrological models Database Simulation Model calibration Hydraulic structures RS Expert RS GIS 9 Examples of application oo Se ee Re In the different chapters actions to be done by the user are presented in blue After the bibliography the appendix presents in detail the different parameters and initial conditions of the hydrological models available in RS MINERVE In addition to this User s manual the reader can also find all model equations and file descriptions in the technical manual Garcia Hernandez et al 2015 1 2 Installation procedure Proceed as follows to install RS MINERVE on your computer requires Windows 7 or later versions of
107. s Model parameters and variables Toolbox 2 Click Model Links E amp Map Layers E V Reckingen_SBV_500m_poly a 1 Select layer 3 Select in table Select All Sort by No Sorted Ascending Descending 5 Select action tab Create Objects Model GIS Links Export Properties features that should be listed SPID IDband Type Area Zmin Zmean Zmax X Y SHPName Select Field Name Type of Object to create 24 1263 no_glacier 4168125 2206 2401 2616 672759 77 150962 72 126_3 IDband ig 25 1264 no glacier 1147500 2617 2747 3027 673244 83 150125 63 126 4 GRAI 26 126 gli glacier 235000 2417 2600 2668 672154 06 150264 16 126 gli 126 3 rene 27 126 gl2 309375 2921 672703 33 150297 37 126 gl2 4 Select name field 28 2992500 14 1900 672971 21 153233 52 127 1 126 4 E Also link basins to a Junction 29 1272 no_glacier 7200625 2326 674609 67 152782 05 127 2 2 30 13256875 232 2752 675725 77 153043 67 127 3 126 gli 31 3792500 2 677030 92 153444 21 1274 6 Select features atest Mort 32 127 gl1 glacier 697500 243 2725 677052 89 151805 24 127 gl 126_gl2 z 33 127_gl2 glacier 1521250 2726 2817 3018 678076 07 152948 76 127_g12 for action Model description 127 1 7 Settings E Create new SubModel 127 2 and launch x Create Objects Remove Objects Figure 52 Model Links interface in
108. s icon in the Objects frame a pen appears You can then click in the graphic interface for creating the object in the position you want Next the three run off surfaces are created by means of the object SWMM gt The three rivers are introduced by selecting the model Reach Kinematic a The model built up will be finished with the introduction of the two objects Junction 5 The graphical interface at this stage is presented in Figure 60 APE Outlet Na River Confluence as Kil River SWMM 3 SWMM 1 SWMM Z pr Time series Figure 60 Graphic interface of Routing System II with the new objects After creating the new objects topological links or connections have to be established To do so it is sufficient to press once the space bar of the keyboard to pass in connections mode In Editing tools the Connections button is then automatically pressed Figure 61 Flying over each objet the curser presented before as an arrow now appears as a cross Next click from the object Time Series to the object SWMM 1 thus creating a topological link RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 66 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application z e Delete Editing tools Figure 61 Editing tools frame in Connections mode The others objects are connected in the same way Press again the space bar of the keyboard to return to selection mode The construction of all the
109. s the definition of the States transfer rules To do so click on Transitions in the Editing tools frame or use Ctrl space keys The State transfer mode is entered previously created links are hidden and only both States are visible Link with Transition arrows the two States as illustrated in Figure 37 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 41 108 Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures Turbine Off Figure 37 Transition links creation between States Transitions rules are defined in each Transition arrow based on threshold values monitored by the Sensor objects Table 5 presents the Operators used to define these automatic rules Adequate use of the and and or functions allow the definition of combined rules Table 5 Operators used for automatic rules definition Operator Definition gt than Bigger than or equal to lt than Smaller than and gt than and bigger than or equal to and lt than and smaller than or gt than or bigger than or equal to or lt than or smaller than Using the operators presented in Table 5 and the threshold values defined in the Sensor used to monitor the Reservoir see Figure 29 define transfer rules by clicking on the Transitions arrows and filling the cells in the Transition frame Figure 38 provides an example of simple rules to switch between Turbine On and Turbine Off Transition Transition Turbine Off Figure 38 Example of transition rules in a
110. scheme In addition to particular hydrological processes such as snowmelt glacier melt surface and underground flow hydraulic control elements e g gates spillways diversions junctions turbines and pumps are also included The global analysis of a hydrologic hydraulic network is essential in numerous decision making situations such as the management or planning of water resources the optimization of hydropower plant operations the design and regulation of spillways or the development of appropriate flood protection concepts RS MINERVE makes such analyses accessible to a broad public through its user friendly interface and its valuable possibilities In addition thanks to its modular framework the software can be developed and adapted to specific needs or issues RS MINERVE contains different hydrological models for rainfall runoff such as GSM SOCONT SAC SMA GR4J and HBV The combination of hydraulic structure models reservoirs turbines spillways can also reproduce complex hydropower schemes In addition a hydropower model computes the net height and the linear pressure losses providing energy production values and total income based on the turbine performance and on the sale price of energy A consumption model calculates water deficits for consumptive uses of cities industries and or agriculture A structure efficiency model computes discharge losses in a structure such a canal or a pipe by considering a simple efficiency c
111. se and based on Thiessen or Shepard interpolations In addition the ETP can be also calculated either with a constant value or from one of the different equations proposed by Turc 1955 1961 McGuinness et Bordne 1972 or Oudin 2004 The method can be selected in the Settings see chapter 1 6 For more details please refer to the Technical Manual of RS MINERVE Garc a et Hern ndez al 2015 A Snow GSM Simulates the time evolution of the snow pack based on temperature Ha T and precipitation P The output is an equivalent precipitation Peg and the snow height H proposed as input to other models such as nfiltration GR3 Glacier GSM or SOCONT Glacier GSM It calculates the volume of melt flow from the glacier based on MH temperature T and snow height Hsnow snow melt for Hsnow gt 0 and ice melt when Hsnow 0 2 Infiltration GR3 It determines the part of the gross rainfall which participates in ior the runoff as net rainfall ine and the part stored in the soil producing the base flow t MINERVE Mod lisation des Intemp ries de Nature Extr me du Rh ne Valaisan et de leurs Effets Modeling of Rhone extreme floods in Valais and their consequences RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 13 108 Chapter 2 Hydrological models gt Runoff SWMM The runoff based hydrograph is calculated with this object from a net rainfall inet GSM Glacial Snow Melt The GSM object combines in RS MINERVE the Snow
112. se is also stored separetely as a dataset not only in the database both have to be saved File database gt Save File dataset gt Save to properly modify all the files 3 3 Data format For copying series values in a sensor two columns are necessary The first column contains the data in one of these formats dd mm yyyy dd mm yyyy hh mm dd mm yyyy hh mm ss The second column contains the values of the series example in Figure 18 31 01 2000 07 00 10 3 31 01 2000 08 00 11 1 31 01 2000 09 00 11 6 31 01 2000 10 00 12 4 Figure 18 Example of data format to use in the sensors RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 23 108 Chapter 3 Database 3 4 Connection of a database to a model Once the database is created links between the model and the database have to be implemented The Data source frame Figure 19 left located in the main interface and available only when a database is opened is used for this purpose Define for the Station and the Source the corresponding Group and DataSet For the Source objects define in the Object description frame the correct station under the Select from database button Figure 19 right 2 7 The name of the station appears under Station identifier and is stored in the model when the model is saved Source EEE Sree O 5 641 9943 348 7499 Name Group DataSet ource fone 0 Station Measure Meteo _ Data Inputs No data Outputs Flow Q reference
113. simulation starts Succes of each scenario is presented with a green progress bar Figure 50 If the current scenario is not valid the RS MINERVE error window is displayed and a gray progress bas is shown Figure 46 right Solver Solver Progress Start End Name Progress Start End Name ee 01 06 2009 12 00 08 06 2009 12 00 Station VIS 01 06 2009 12 00 08 06 2009 12 00 Station VIS 01 06 2009 12 00 08 06 2009 12 00 Station VIS 01 06 2009 12 00 08 06 2009 12 00 Station VIS 01 06 2009 12 00 08 06 2009 12 00 Station VIS 01 06 2009 12 00 08 06 2009 12 00 Station VIS 01 06 2009 12 00 08 06 2009 12 00 Station VIS 01 06 2009 12 00 08 06 2009 12 00 Station VIS LA LP LA LA Simulation time step 10 min X Simulation time step 10 min v Recording time step 1 hour v Recording time step 1 hour v Start Start Figure 50 Progress state after succes left and failure right of the simulation Click on Hse in the Solver frame if necessary to stop the simulation All results until that moment are saved Scenarios results After simulation of each scenario following components are showed Inthe Selection frame the temporal evolution of the selected object s series In the Comparators frame the values of indicators checked at the top left of the frame Indicators to visualize These v
114. spiration potentielle pertinent comme entree d un mod le pluie d bit global Th se Ecole Nationale du G nie Rural des Eaux et des For ts Paris Perrin C Michel C and Andr assian V 2003 Improvement of a parsimonious model for streamflow simulation Journal of Hydrology 279 275 289 Schafli B Hingray B Niggli M and Musy A 2005 A conceptual glacio hydrological model for high mountainous catchments Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2 73 117 Turc L 1955 Le bilan de l eau des sols Relations entre les precipitations l evaporation et l ecoulement Ann Agro 6 5 152 INRA Turc L 1961 Evaluation des besoins en eau d irrigation formule climatique simplifi e et mise jour Ann Agro 12 13 49 INRA RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 107 108 Acknowledgments Acknowledgments RS MINERVE is developed by the research center CREALP and the engineering office HydroCosmos SA with the collaboration of two universities Ecole Polytechnique F d rale de Lausanne and Universitat Polit cnica de Val ncia and the Hydro10 Association We would like to thank sincerely these organizations for their support In addition we would like to express our gratitude to the people who have personally contributed to the improvement of the program and its documentation in particular St phane Micheloud Nestor Lerma Alex Dionisio Calado Matthew Moy de Vitry Nicolas Rey Edgar Belda
115. t in the Database frame Figure 1 in the RS MINERVE main window Define the name of the dataset and choose between o Add the dataset to an existing Group o Createa new Group Export with OK r You can now visualize your results in the database cf Chapter 3 Once exported results can be imported into the model Importing a dataset of series replaces the current time series results of a simulation of all concerned objects Select Import in the Database frame Select the Group and the Dataset of time series to import and click Ok Exported results can also be visualized in the Selection and Plots tool Open Selection and Plots tool Toolbox frame gt Selection and plots Inthe Source of data check the Database source Figure 21 then select in the combo the Group containing the dataset of time series Select the dataset of time series to be drawn Click on Plot in the Series frame d By activating Only selected series only the series corresponding to the last active Selection in the Selection and Plots are exported RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 27 108 Chapter 5 Model calibration Chapter 5 Model calibration The calibration process aims to progressively improve the model to fit the simulated data to the reference data e g the observations by iteratively adjusting the object s parameters 5 1 Single sub basin calibration To proceed to the calibration observed data are required as
116. t of the upstream sub basin object Junction in Figure 23 to the Reservoir Es m z ki N v O s Persrseters i irisa Condition Sa Ja ES P R Tle AJR SIP 28242 Structures ee j CICR E eservoir objects e amp Regulation Eis Pe J gt objects s u a Da tane a eries Data source Initial conditions Figure 23 A regular model with a reservoir Double click on the Reservoir object The Reservoir Series and Initial Conditions frames are opened Figure 23 Inthe Series frame select the H V series and open the Values tab By default the table is empty Insert the corresponding Height Volume H V relation for the reservoir Define an initial water elevation H ni in the Initial conditions frame RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 32 108 Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures Alternatively to the last point to define the initial water elevation of the Reservoir a time series can be saved in the database with a sensor of Category Altitude and Unit masl For each simulation RS MINERVE will then search and interpolate the initial condition from the added time series To link the Reservoir with the sensor first select in the Data Source frame the corresponding Group and Dataset Then in the Reservoir frame right part click on the Select station from Database button and define the correct station in the Station drop down list only stations containing a sensor with appro
117. t the Submodel with the amp Import button in the Model frame Open the Submodel with a right click on it The model previously created appears Return to the upper hierarchical level with the Back button Model frame or by pressing the Esc button Add a Junction object and link the Submodel to the new Junction Figure 12 In the example of Figure 12 the flow of the new Junction now corresponds to the flow of the Junction in the Submodel z 9m Sub model Junction 2 Figure 12 Link the Submodel to a Junction At the same time if a Submodel receives also an input from upstream a second Group Interface has to be added in the Submodel and linked to the object receiving the incoming variables Group Interfaces can support more than one variable as input and or as output Submodels can also be created by adding an empty Submodel object and then adding the adequate objects in the Submodel opened with a right click In a similar way objects can be added to or deleted from imported Submodels Modifying the Zone of a Submodel modifies the zone of all the objects contained in the Submodel If only one link can be created it is selected by default If more than one link is possible none is selected i During the exportation only the elements contained in the active hierarchical level including all the submodels and objects are considered Hierarchically higher elements are not exported 7 i n Or alternatively
118. the GIS and its workflow The three tabs offer you the possibility of the following actions e Create Objects Create model objects from GIS features e Model GIS Links Link GIS features to existing model objects e Export Properties Export feature properties to properties parameters of model objects Create Objects In the following example we are going to generate a sub model of the subcatchment highlighted in blue in Figure 52 which has both normal and glacial elevation bands Select the Create Objects action tab Select all non glacial features by holding Ctrl while clicking Step 3 in Figure 52 Using the sorting tool for the attribute table might help to order the objects Under Type of Object to create select a non glacial basin model like SOCONT Puta check on Also Create Virtual Weather Stations Now a virtual weather station will be created for and linked to each created object Puta check on Also link basins to a Junction Now all created objects will be linked to a single newly created junction Under Select Model select the model in which you wish to place the newly created objects In our case this is the parent model Puta check on Create new Submodel and give it a name Now a submodel will be created and contain all the newly created objects Click Create Objects RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 57 108 Chapter 8 RS GIS Once the creation process is finished a
119. tion Junction Figure 3 Example of an unselected object a after a left click b and after a double click c RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 9 108 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 6 The Search tool To facilitate navigation in the main window the ae a LE Search tool right frame allows the user to enter the z jp Stetiont name of an object All corresponding names are listed Click Valid and a click on the correct one opens the parent LA mails model and highlights the corresponding object Figure 4 The Search tool 1 7 Settings The user can access to the settings in the RS MINERVE frame Figure 5 and can change the following values The units of inputs parameters and state variables of RS MINERVE Precipitation Temperature Length Height The interpolation method for meteorological values o Thiessen polygons for using the nearest meteorological station o Shepard method for values depending on inverse distance weighting The Potential Evapotranspiration ETP method used in the hydrological model The ETP can be directly taken from Database or computed with one of the following methods o Turc o McGuinness o Oudin o Uniform ETP RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 10 108 Chapter 1 Introduction seu RS MINERVE Settings RS MINERVE Units Category Unit Precipitation mm h SS Temperature Flow Volume Surface Length Height Snow depth Power Changing the RS MINERVE un
120. ve Function Obj 40 60 Iteration Summary results Graphic results Initial value Values Current value Figure 40 Interface of the Hydrological calibration module in black configuration in green results Define the weight of each indicator to determine the objective function in the Objective Functions OF frame Its total weight appears in the cell at the top of the frame Inthe Solver tab of the Hydrologic parameters optimization frame Figure 40 specify the calibration period and both Simulation and Recording time steps Figure 41 RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 45 108 Chapter 7 RS Expert Hydrologic parameters optimization Hydrologic parameters optimization Solver Algorithm parameters Start 01 05 2014 01 00 00 3 sc E UA a End 30 05 2014 01 00 00 x MAXN Simulation time step 10 min 3 NGS Recording time step 1 a 10 KSTOP 0 1 PCENTO 0 001 PEPS 667466 SEED Figure 41 Calibration solver both runtime left and algorithm properties right In the Algorithm parameters tab of this same frame define the algorithm type SCE UA in the example of Figure 41 and the corresponding parameters Three different algorithms Shuffled Complex Evolution University of Arizona SCE UA and Uniform Adaptive Monte Carlo UAMC and Coupled Latin Hypercube and Rosenbrock CLHR are available in the actual version For more information see RS
121. wini 0 02 WHini 0 Humini 0 23 SUIni 0 05 SLini 0 15 Units 3 2 3 m s m C m m s m Units m2 mm C day m Page 72 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Table 8 Characteristics of the objects Virtual Weather Station H2 for HBV 2 Parameters and hein 0 X 604908 Y 103668 Z 2406 Search Radius 10000 No min of stations l Gradient P 0 Gradient T 0 0065 Gradient ETP 0 Coeff P 1 Coeff T 0 Coeff ETP 1 HBV 2 Parameters and Values initial conditions A 8 00E 06 CFMax 7 CFR 1 CWH 0 1 TT 2 TTint 2 TTSM 0 Beta 2 3 FC 275 PWP 360 SUMax 55 Kr 0 3 Ku 0 1 KI 0 05 Kperc 0 15 Hsnowini 0 01 WHini 0 Humini 0 2 SUIni 0 01 SLini 0 1 RS MINERVE User s Manual Units m s m C m m s m Units m2 mm C day 3 33 555 6 1 day 1 day 1 day 1 day Virtual Weather Station H3 for HBV 3 Parameters and Re ee Values initial conditions X 604837 Y 105120 Z 1947 Search Radius 10000 No min of stations 1 Gradient P 0 Gradient T 0 0065 Gradient ETP 0 Coeff P 1 Coeff T 0 Coeff ETP 1 HBV 3 Parameters and Values initial conditions A 9 00E 06 CFMax 7 CFR 1 CWH 0 1 TT 2 TTint 2 TTSM 0 Beta 2 3 FC 280 PWP 370 SUMax 60 Kr 0 35 Ku 0 1 KI 0 05 Kperc 0 15 Hsnowini 0 WHini 0 Humini 0 22 SUIni 0 02 SLini 0 1 Units 3 23 m s m C m m s m Units m2 mm C day 3 3 3 555 A400 1 day 1 day 1 day 1 day Page 73 108 Chapter 10 Exa
122. ydrograph The peak discharge arrives on Mai 9 2013 at 21 50 and the peak discharge is equal to 8 50835m s To summarize the simulated balance of Reservoir 1 an analysis of inputs outputs in the Reservoir 1 is realized with the Plot tool The inflow into the Reservoir 1 Confluence the spillway discharge HQ 1 the turbine flow Turbine 1 the total flow at the downstream of the reservoir River C Qup and the reservoir level evolution Reservoir 1 are presented in Figure 97 Despite the turbine the reservoir level reached its maximal fill rating with an overflow which lasted several days Finally the reservoir level comes around 90 cm above the initial level RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 91 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Reservoir analysis Confluence Junction Qs m3 s River C Reach Kinematic QUp m3 s aH Le Reservoir 1 Reservoir Levelimast HQ 1 HQ Q m3 s Turbine 1 Turbine Q m3 s 2128 4 2178 2 6 2128 _ a E E Ti 6 P B 2177 8 3 _ 2127 6 Fa 1 21774 0 2013 05 08 2013 05 09 2013 05 10 2013 05 11 2013 05 12 2013 05 13 2013 05 14 2013 05 15 Date Figure 97 Flows balance of the reservoir RS MINERVE User s Manual Page 92 108 Chapter 10 Examples of application Resolution of Example 3 Part B In order to create an outlet or a facility for releases one way is to define a turbine connected to the reservoir Figure 98 We create

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