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ZXR10 5900/5200 Series All Gigabit

1. 3 To notify insufficient resources of router running as IS IS pro tocol use the following command ZXR10 config router set overload bit This notifies insufficient resources of router running as IS IS protocol 4 To configure the policy for advertising the default route use the following command ZXR10 config router default information originate This configures the policy for always metric lt metric va ue gt metric type advertising the default route lt type gt level 1 level 1 2 level 2 36 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZIEOS Chapter 4 IS IS Configuration 5 To summarize entries in IS IS routing table use the following command ZXR10 config router summary address lt ip address gt lt _ This summarizes entries in IS IS net mask gt metric lt metric va ue gt level 1 level 1 2 routing table level 2 metric lt metric value gt Configuring IS IS Interface Parameters Interface IS IS parameters need to be configures on the interface running IS IS ZXR10 config if vlanx isis circuit type This designates an operation level 1 level 1 2 level 2 only types for an interface ZXR10 config if vlanx isis hello interval This defines an interval for lt interval gt level 1 level 2 adjacent routers hello packet ZXR10 config if vlanx isis hello multiplier This configures isis lt multiplier gt level 1 level 2 hello multiplier in order to sav
2. 84 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZIEOS Chapter 6 Multicast Routing Configuration MSDP Source Active Cache 4 entries 101 101 101 101 224 1 1 1 RP 49 4 4 4 00 21 45 00 05 57 101 101 101 101 224 1 1 2 RP 49 4 4 4 00 21 45 00 05 57 101 101 101 101 226 1 1 1 RP 50 4 4 4 00 09 04 00 04 57 101 101 101 101 226 1 1 2 RP 50 4 4 4 00 09 04 00 04 57 4 To view MSDP neighbor status use the following command ZXR10 Show ip msdp summary This views MSDP neighbor status This views MSDP neighbor status ZXR10 show ip msdp summary MSDP Peer Status Summary Peer Address State Uptime Reset SA Downtime Count Count LOLs S 22 Up 1d10h 9 2 102 2 2 2 Up 14 24 00 5 20 103 3333 Up L2s26s17 10 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 85 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This page is intentionally blank 86 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter D Load Balance Configuration Table of Contents Load Balance OVErvieW ccccsccsseeeceeeeeseeeeeeeeeaeeaeeeaeeaeeenenas 87 Contiguring Load Balance zeng gea e gef Ak Eege EE 88 Load Balance Configuration Example sssssesssrsessesssrrsrrsrrses 88 Load Balance Maintenance and Diagnose EN Load Balance Overview Load balance is to forward data traffic through multiple activated links existing between equipment and to fully take use of the band
3. width of multiple links Load balance does not mean that data traf fic on links have same size Data traffic covers incoming traffic and outgoing traffic Incoming and outgoing traffic load balance is closely related to the route an nounced outside and learned by the equipment Incoming traffic load balance is affected by internal route announced outside by the equipment and outgoing traffic load balance is affected by route announced inside by the equipment They directly affect the in stallation of multiple route entries reaching the destination in the equipment forwarding table and the control of multiple routes ZXR10 5900 5200 adopts route based load balance to install mul tiple reachable route entries for a destination address in the for warding table through configuring the static route routing protocol and number of routes thus laying foundation for load balance im plementation ZXR10 5900 5200 supports per destination load balance policy This policy considers the source addresses and destination ad dresses of packets at the same time and make the packets with the same source address destination address pair pass through the same path even there are multiple available paths and the packets with different source address destination address pairs pass through different paths Such a policy ensures the packets with the same source address destination address pair to arrive in order Load balance becomes more
4. and contribute to the formation of all interconnection As the num ber of IBP routers increases the number of neighbors will ascend by n n 1 2 n refers to the number of the IBGP routers Router reflector and confederation is used to reduce workload of mainte nance and configuration Running of IBGP routers inside the AS select one of preceding routers as Router Reflector RR Take other IBGP routers as clients which only establish adjacency with the RR All clients pass the RR to reflect routes Thus the number of neighbors decreases to n 1 Set the neighbors as the Router Reflector client peers with the neighbor lt ip address gt router refletor client command AS100 has two router reflectors R3 and R4 R5 and R6 are the clients of R4 Ri and R2 are the clients of R3 This is shown in Figure 21 FIGURE 21 BGP ROUTER REFLECTOR CONFIGURATION R7 Xx gt E Lo 4 4 4 4 R3 Lo 2 2 2 2 L0 5 5 5 5 R4 Lo 6 6 6 6 G et R9 R3 configuration ZXR10_R3 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor remote as 100 route reflector client remote as 100 route reflector client remote as 100 SPEND UPRENE SPENN EE Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION HIT Chapter 5 BGP Configuration ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 4 4 4 4 remote a
5. ent passwords all interfaces in a particular network must have the same password Simple password is transmitted in plain text by OSPF packets Configuring OSPF Enabling OSPF ZXR10 config router ospf lt process id gt This enables OSPF routing Configuring Interface Timer ZXR10 config if vlanx ip ospf hello interval lt seco This designates an interval nds gt at which an interface sends Hello packets ZXR10 config if vlanx ip ospf retransmit interval This designates the interval at lt seconds gt which an interface retransmits an LSA ZXR10 config if vlanx ip ospf transmit delay lt seco This designates the delay nds gt after which an interface transmits a LSU packet ZXR10 config if vlanx ip ospf dead interval lt seco This designates the dead nds gt interval for a neighbor on an interface Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 19 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Configuring Interface Cost ZXR10 config if vlanx ip ospf cost lt cost gt This configures interface cost Configuring Interface Priority ZXR10 config if vlanx ip ospf priority lt priority gt This configures interface priority Configuring Neighbor Routers ZXR10 config router neighbor lt p address gt cost This designates the neighbor lt cost gt priority lt priority gt poll interval lt seconds gt routers on a non broadca
6. 0 183 16 20 2 ZXR10_R5 config route bgp 3 ZXR10_R5 config router neighbor 173 16 20 2 remote as 1 ZXR10_R5 config router neighbor 173 16 20 2 ebgp multihop 2 62 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 3 ZTEDY Chapter 5 BGP Configuration BGP Maintenance and Diagnosis ZXR10 config show ip bgp protocol This displays the configuration information of the BGP module ZXR10 config Show ip bgp neighbor in out lt p a This displays the BGP ddress gt adjacency and the current neighbor state ZXR10 config Show ip bgp network lt ip address gt m This displays the BGP routing ask lt net mask gt table entries ZXR10 config show ip bgp summary This displays the connection state of all BGP neighbors ZXR10 config show ip route lt p address gt lt net mas This displays routing table and checks if BGP in the route table ZXR10 config Show ip forwarding subnetrt This displays hardware driving lt ip address gt lt net mask gt routing table ZxR10 debug ip bgp in This traces and show the notification packet sent by the BGP zxR10 debug ip bgp out This tracks and display the notification packet sent by the BGP ZXR10 debug ip bgp events This traces and display the transition of state machine connected to the BGP Example This example is to trace the state transition of the BGP with the debug ip bgp events command ZXR10 debug ip bgp events BGP events debugging is o
7. 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R3 config router notify default route always 4 R4 is the ASBR in NSSA 0 0 0 1 Both OSPF and RIP run on R4 Routes of RIP can be redistributed to OSPF R4 configuration ZXR10_R4 config interface vlanl ZXR10 R4 config if vlanl ip address 192 168 1 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR 0 R4 config if vlan1 exit ZXR10_R4 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R4 config if vlan2 ip address 10 0 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R4 config if vlan2 exit ZXR10_R4 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R4 config router network 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 1 ZXR10_R4 config router area 0 0 0 1 nssa ZXR10_R4 config router redistribute rip metric 10 5 R5 is a router in stub area 0 0 0 2 R5 configuration ZXR10_R5 ZXR10 R5 ZXR10_R5 ZXR10 R5 ZXR10 R5 ZXR10_R5 config interface vlan1 config if vlanl ip address 10 0 2 2 255 255 255 252 config if vlanl exit config router ospf 1 config router network 10 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 2 config router area 0 0 0 2 stub Use the show ip ospf neighbor command to ensure if neighbor is established OSPF Virtual Links Configuration Example An OSPF virtual link is shown in Figure 8 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 25 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume FIGURE 8 OSPF VIRTUAL LINK Area 0 10 0 0 1 24 10 0 0 2 24 10 0 1 1 30 Virtual link 10 0 1 2 30 10 0 2 1 24 R1 configurat
8. 0 16 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 30 1 1 0 24 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 77 0 0 0 9 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 93 1 1 0 24 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 11 01 28 RIP sending v2 periodic update to 193 1 168 95 via vlan20 193 1 168 111 11 01 28 RIP sending v2 periodic update to 193 1 168 86 via vlan20 193 1 168 111 11 01 28 RIP sending v2 periodic update to 193 1 168 77 via vlan20 193 1 168 111 11 01 28 RIP sending v2 periodic update to 193 1 168 68 via vlan20 193 1 168 111 12 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 3 OSPF Configuration Table of Contents OSPF VERE eene ENEE REESEN BEEN 13 COM Me UGG Ke EE 19 OSPF Configuration Emtee 23 OSPF Maintenance and Diagnosis sens tgegerkre egen ereire 30 OSPF Overview OSPF Basics Open Shortest Path First OSPF is one of the most popular and widely used routing protocols OSPF is a replacement for the prob lematic Routing Information Protocol RIP and other distance vec tor protocols OSPF major advantage is that it supports for much larger inter networks and less susceptibility to bad routing infor mation OSPF Version 1 is defined by RFC1131 OSPF Version 2 is defined by RFC2328 and presently in use ZXR10 5900 5200 fully supports OSPF Version 2 OSPF has the following features OSPF contains the flow of routing protocol traffic and makes possible construction of hierarchical inter network topologies There is n
9. 1 1 2 30 vlan3 103 1 1 1 30 vlan3 103 1 1 2 30 vilan2 102 1 1 1 30 vlan2 102 1 1 2 30 vlani 101 1 1 1 30 vlani 101 1 1 2 30 Static route and dynamic route protocol OSPF is taken as an ex ample to describe load balance configuration Static Routing Load Balance R1 configuration 88 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZIEOS Chapter 7 Load Balance Configuration ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan 1 ZXR10 R1 config if vlanl ip address 101 1 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR OR config interface vlan 2 ZXR10 Rl config if vlan2 ip address 102 1 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan 3 ZXR10 R1 config if vlan3 ip address 103 1 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR O R config interface vlan 4 ZXR10 R1 config if vlan4 ip address 104 1 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan 5 ZXR10_ R1 config if vlan5 ip address 105 1 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan 6 ZXR10_R1 config if vlan6 ip address 106 1 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10 R1 config interface vlan 7 ZXR10_R1 config if vlan7 ip address 107 1 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10 R1 config interface vlan 8 ZXR oP config if vlans ip address 10 1 1 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_ Rl config ip route 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 107 1 1 2 tag 157 ZXR10_ Rl config ip route 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 106 1 1 2 tag 156 ZXR10_R1 config ip route 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 105 1 1 2 t
10. Cost 1 Authentication Type null 26 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTE 0 0 0 0 252 ao 252 oo oa N HIT Chapter 3 OSPF Configuration Timer intervals sec Hello 10 Dead 40 Retransmit 5 Adjacency State FULL Dead time no use Options 0x62 In Full State for 00 01 47 ZXR10_R3 config show ip ospf virtual links Virtual Link to router 10 0 0 2 is UP Up for 00 00 08 Demand circuit Transit area 0 0 0 1 via interface vlan8 10 0 1 2 State PTOP Transmit Delay sec 1 Cost 1 Authentication Type null Timer intervals sec Hello 10 Dead 40 Retransmit 5 Adjacency State INIT Dead time 00 00 37 Options 0x22 In Full State for 00 00 00 OSPF Authentication Configuration Example Plain text authentication is adopted in Area 0 MD5 encrypted au thentication is used in Area 1 This is shown in Figure 9 FIGURE 9 OSPF AUTHENTICATION 10 0 0 1 24 eat D5 Authentication R1 configuration ZXR10 R1 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R1 config if vlanl ip address 10 0 0 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10 R1 config if vlanl ip ospf authentication key ZXR10 ZXR10 R1 config if vlan1 exit ZXR10 R1 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R1 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R1 config router area 0 authentication R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config interface vlanl ZXR10 R2 config if vlanl ip address 10 0 0 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan
11. OSPF Configuration Hello Packet and Timer Hello protocol serves several purposes It is the means by which neighbors are discovered It advertises several parameters on which two routers must agree before they can become neighbors Hello packets act as keepalives between neighbors It ensures bi directional communication between neighbors It elects designated routers and backup designated routers on Broadcast and Nonbroadcast Multiaccess NBMA networks OSPF uses three types of timers related to the Hello Packet HelloInterval is an attribute of an interface It defines the length of time between Hello Packets that the router sends on the inter face Default HelloInterval depends on the network type On the broadcast and point to point networks the default HelloInterval is 10 seconds On NBMA and point to multipoint networks it is 30 seconds The router s neighbor routers must agree on the Hel loInterval to enable them to become neighbors It is number of seconds before the router s neighbors will declare it down When they stop receiving the router s Hello Packets The default RouterDeadInterval is four times as long as the HelloInt erval which applies to all the network types PollInterval is only used on the NBMA network OSPF Neighbor OSPF neighbors are a group of routers on the same network They have some of the same configuration parameters Routers must first be neighbors before they can set
12. ROUTE SUMMARY 2 0 0 16 ies 2492 168 5 2 2 192 168 5 1 0 1 0 1 1 RI R2 As shown in Figure 2 R3 has two networks 10 1 0 0 16 and 10 2 0 0 16 To make R1 access these networks it is necessary to configure the following two static routes for R1 ZXR10 R1 config ip route 10 1 0 0 255 255 0 0 192 168 4 2 ZXR10_Rl config ip route 10 2 0 0 255 255 0 0 192 168 4 2 Suppose that R2 R3 has been configured normally and the above configuration can be used to complete IP connection However static route summary can be used to optimize the routing table of R1 The following command can be used to replace the above two commands ZXR10_R1l config ip route 10 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 192 168 4 2 The above command shows that all packets to destination network 10 0 0 0 8 pass 192 168 4 2 It means that packets to subnets subnet 10 1 0 0 16 and subnet 10 2 0 0 16 of the destination network 10 0 0 0 8 are sent to 192 168 4 2 In this way static routes are used to summarize all subnets of the main network 10 0 0 0 8 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 3 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Default Route Configuration Example A router might not be able to determine the routes to all other networks To provide complete routing capability the common practice is to use some routers as smart routers and give the re maining routers default routes to the smart router Smart routers ha
13. Router DR and a Backup Designated Router BDR Designated Router DR has following duties To represent a multi access network and it s attached routers to the rest of the internetwork To manage the flooding process on the multi access network DR and BDR must establish an adjacency relationship with each OSPF router over the network Each OSPF router only establishes adjacency relationships with DR and BDR If the DR stops working then BDR take its place and becomes DR Router Priority and DR Election Each multi access interface of each router has a Router Priority which is an 8 bit unsigned integer ranging from 0 to 255 Default priority is 1 During the DR election the router with the highest priority be comes the DR If all routers have the same priority the one with the highest IP address will be elected as the DR Routers with a priority of O are ineligible to become the DR or BDR OSPF Area A network is divided into several smaller OSPF areas to reduce the information that each router stores and maintains Each router must have the complete information of its area Areas can share their information Routing information can be filtered out on the area edge to reduce the routing information stored in routers Each area is identified by a 32 bit unsigned number Area 0 is used to identify the backbone area All the other areas must directly connect to Area 0 An OSPF network must have one backbone area Bas
14. ZXR10_R2 config route map set metric 50 In the following contents force R1 to compare the Metric val ues with the bgp always compare med command The Metric value of the R2 is smaller than that of the R3 Therefore for the 180 10 0 0 update the Ri selects the R2 rather than the R3 R1 configuration ZXR10 R1 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 2 2 2 1 remote as 300 ZXR10 R1 config router neighbor 3 3 3 2 remote as 300 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 4 4 4 1 remote as 400 ZXR10_R1 config router bgp always compare med Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 55 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Setting Community Attribute Community attribute is optional transition attribute with the range from 0 to 4 294 967 200 According to the Community attribute decisions are made on a group of routes Several recognized definitions of the Community attribute as fol lows No export Forbid advertising the neighbors of the EBGP No advertise Forbid advertising any neighbors of the BGP End of steps No export subconfed Forbid advertising the route with the at tribute outside the confederation 1 ZXR10 config route map This defines the Community attribute 2 ZXR10 config router neighbor lt ip address gt This sends the community send community attribute to neighbor In the following configuration the R1 notifies the neighbor to for
15. bid advertising the route 192 166 1 0 24 to other EBGP neighbors R1 configuration ZXR10_R1l config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 3 3 3 3 remote as 300 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 3 3 3 3 send community ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 3 3 3 3 route map setcommunityout ZXR10_R1 config router exit ZXR10_R1 config route map setcommunity permit 10 ZXR10_R1 config route map match ip address 1 ZXR10_R1 config route map set community no export ZXR10_R1 config route map exit ZXR10_R1 config route map setcommunity permit 20 ZXR10_R1 config route map exit ZXR10_R1l config acl standard number 1 ZXR10 R1 config std acl rule 1 permit 192 166 1 0 0 0 0 255 Setting BGP Synchronization In the AS100 both the Ri and the R2 run the IBGP R5 does not run the BGP This is shown in Figure 20 56 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION HIT Chapter 5 BGP Configuration FIGURE 20 BGP SYNCHRONIZATION CONFIGURATION ra 3 150 10 0 0 24 RI am 2 2 2 2 30 2 2 2 1 30 R3 AS300 170 10 0 0 24 R2 learns the route 170 10 0 0 through the IBGP The next hop is 2 2 2 1 If R2 reaches the 170 10 0 0 then actual next hop is R5 R5 without the route 170 10 0 0 will throw off the packet At the moment R2 is also thrown off in R5 if R2 notifies R4 that it has the route 170 10 0 0 itself It is necessary to make R5 have the route to the 170 10 0 0 if the packet
16. config router network 106 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10 R2 config router network 107 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R2 config router network 20 1 1 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R2 config router maximum paths 7 BGP Load Balance R1 configuration ZXR10 R1 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 101 1 1 2 remote as 200 ZXR10 R1 config router neighbor 102 1 1 2 remote as 200 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 103 1 1 2 remote as 200 ZXR10 Rl config router neighbor 104 1 1 2 remote as 200 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 105 1 1 2 remote as 200 ZXR10 R1 config router neighbor 106 1 1 2 remote as 200 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 107 1 1 2 remote as 200 ZXR10_ R1 config router network 10 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1 config router maximum paths 7 R2 configuration ZXR10 R2 config router bgp 200 ZXR Ce config router neighbor 101 1 1 1 remote as 100 ZXR10 R2 config router neighbor 102 1 1 1 remote as 100 ZXR Ce config router neighbor 103 1 1 1 remote as 100 ZXR10 R2 config router neighbor 104 1 1 1 remote as 100 ZXR z config router neighbor 105 1 1 1 remote as 100 ZXR Ge config router neighbor 106 1 1 1 remote as 100 ZXR10 R2 config router neighbor 107 1 1 1 remote as 100 ZXR T config router network 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config router maximum paths 7 Seven links between R1 and R2 implement load balance and over these l
17. enable Router Domain ID 10 0 1 2 ID type 0x5 value 0 0 0 1 Enabled for 01 46 47 Debug on Number Number Number Number Number of areas 3 Normal 3 Stub 0 NSSA 0 of interfaces 2 of neighbors 1 of adjacent neighbors 1 of virtual links 0 Total number of entries in LSDB 12 Number Number Number Number of ASEs in LSDB 0 Checksum Sum 0x00000000 of grace LSAs 0 of new LSAs received 16 of self originated LSAs 31 Hold time between consecutive SPF 1 secs Non stop Forwarding disabled Area 0 0 0 0 enable Demand circuit available Enabled for 01 44 59 Area has simple password authentication Times spf has been run 5 Number of interfaces 1 Up 1 Number of ASBR local to this area 0 Number of ABR local to this area 2 Total number of intra inter entries in LSDB Area filter out not set Area filter in not set Area ranges count 0 Area 0 0 0 1 enable Demand circuit available Enabled for 01 46 26 Area has MD5 authentication Times spf has been run 15 Number of interfaces 1 Up 1 Number of ASBR local to this area 0 Number of ABR local to this area 1 Total number of intra inter entries in LSDB Area filter out not set Area filter in not set Area ranges count 0 Area 0 0 0 2 enable Demand circuit available Enabled for 01 46 07 Area has no authentication Times spf has been run 3 Number of interfaces 0 Up 0 Number of ASBR local to this area 0 Number of ABR local to this area 1 Total num
18. is defined as AS65010 containing R3 R5 and R6 The other one is defined as AS65020 containing R4 and R7 This is shown in Figure 22 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 59 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH FIGURE 22 BGP CONFEDERATION CONFIGURATION AS200 210 61 19 1 3 F do 20 ko 210 6130 vu P1081 19 2 ae r R3 Lo 210 61 20i1 Lo 210 61A0 1 iA Lo i R3 configuration ZXR10_R3 config router bgp 65010 ZXR10_R3 config router bgp confederation identifier 200 ZXR10 R3 config router bgp confederation peers 65020 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 210 61 10 1 remote as 65010 ZXR10 R3 config router neighbor 210 61 20 1 remote as 65010 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 210 61 19 2 remote as 65020 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 2 2 2 2 remote as 100 R5 configuration ZXR10_R5 config router bgp 65010 ZXR10_R5 config router bgp confederation identifier 200 ZXR10_R5 config router neighbor 210 61 30 1 remote as 65010 ZXR10_R5 config router neighbor 210 61 20 1 remote as 65010 When establishing the adjacency EBGP adjacency between R3 and confederation peers is established IBGP adjacency in the confed eration is established This adjacency also occurs between R3 and AS100 The AS100 does not know the existence of the confeder ation so R1 still establishes the adjacency with R3 in AS200 R1 configuration ZXR10_R1l config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 conf
19. route map exit ZXR10_R1l config acl standard number 1 ZXR10_R1 config std acl rule 1 deny 192 18 10 0 0 0 0 255 ZXR10 R1 config std acl rule 2 permit any To prevent R1 from transmitting the prefix 192 18 10 0 24 to AS200 route map command and ACL is used Filtering Route Based on AG PATH When all routes in one or multiple ASs need to be filtered AS path based route filtering is used It avoids the complexity caused by prefix filtering To set a new ACL for imported and exported updates based on AS paths use the following command ZXR10 config ip as path access list lt ac number gt pe This sets a new ACL rmit deny lt as regular expression gt 52 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEOA Chapter 5 BGP Configuration Use the route filtration based on AS path to prevent Ri from ad vertising the network 192 18 10 0 24 to AS200 The configuration is shown below ZXR10_ Rl config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router no synchronization ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 182 17 1 2 remote as 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 182 17 20 1 remote as 200 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 182 17 20 1 route map MAP1 out ZXR10_R1 config router exit ZXR10_R1 config route map MAP1 permit 10 ZXR10_R1 config route map match as path 1 ZXR10_R1 config route map exit ZXR10_Rl config ip as path access list 1 permit In this configuration the list is a
20. the network 172 3 0 0 to be advertised to AS 200 and sets its MED to 5 The route map is often used with match and set command Match command defines the match conditions Set command de fines action to be executed when match conditions are met by match command Filtering Routes Using NLRI To set limit to a router when it gets or advertises the routing infor mation The route updates can be filtered from or destined for a particular neighbor The filter has an update list of the neighbors where the route updates are from or destined for Ri and R2 are IBGP peers R1 and R3 are EBGP peers R2 and R4 are EBGP peers This is shown in Figure 17 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 51 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH FIGURE 17 FILTERING ROUTES USING NLRI 182 17 1 2 30 182 17 1 1 30 AS300 192 18 10 0 24 Avoid AS100 from being a transitional AS and advertise the net work 192 18 10 0 24 from AS300 to AS200 Filtering on R1 is performed The configuration on R1 is shown below ZXR10_R1 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router no synchronization ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 182 17 1 2 remote as 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 182 17 20 1 remote as 200 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 182 17 20 1 route map MAP1 out ZXR10_R1 config router exit ZXR10_R1 config route map MAP1 permit 10 ZXR10_R1 config route map match ip address 1 ZXR10_R1 config
21. views configured PIM DM interface status Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 83 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH E zXR10 Show ip pimdm neighbor lt interface name gt This views PIM DM interface status ZXR10 Show ip pimdm mroute group This views PIM DM multicast lt group address gt source lt source address gt routing table content summary Viewing MSDP_ 1 To view SA message statistics use the following command Commands ZXR10 Show ip msdp count This views SA message statistics 2 To view MSDP neighbor detailed information use the following command ZXR10 Show ip msdp peer lt peer address gt This views MSDP neighbor detailed information This shows MSDP neighbor detailed information ZXR10 config show ip msdp peer MSDP Peer 11 1 1 1 Description Connection status State Down Resets 0 Connection source vlan4 4 4 4 4 Uptime Downtime 00 00 04 Messages sent received 0 0 Connection and counters cleared 00 00 04 ago SA Filtering Input S G filter none Output S G filter none Peer ttl threshold 0 SAs learned from this peer 0 3 To view S and G status from each MSDP neighbor use the following command ZXR10 Show ip msdp sa cache lt group address gt lt so This views S and G status from urce address gt each MSDP neighbor This views S and G status from each MSDP neighbor ZXR10 show ip msdp sa cache
22. 1 1 remote as 256 config router bgp default local preference 200 2 Set the LOCAL_PREF attribute with the route mapcommand R4 configuration ZXR10_R4 config router bgp 256 ZXR10_R4 config router neighbor 3 3 3 2 remote as 300 ZXR10 R4 config router neighbor 3 3 3 2 route map setlocalin in ZXR10 R4 config router neighbor 128 213 11 1 remote as 256 ZXR10_R4 config ip as path access list 7 permit 300 ZXR10_R4 config route map setlocalin permit 10 ZXR10_R4 config route map match as path 7 ZXR10_R4 config route map set local preference 200 ZXR10_R4 config route map exit ZXR10_R4 config route map setlocalin permit 20 ZXR10_R4 config route map set local preference 150 Setting MED Attribute Metric attribute is also called the Multi_Exit_Discrimination at tribute MED Router only compares the adjacent Metric value of the BGP from the same AS by default If comparing adjacent Metric values of neighbors from different ASs execute necessarily the MED attribute command to forcefully compare them To configure the Metric values of neighbors from different As use the bgp always compare med command Ri synchronously receives the 180 10 0 0 update from R2 R3 and R4 Only compare the Metric values of the adjacent R3 and R4 from the same AS by default Metric value of the R3 is smaller than that of the R4 Therefore for the 180 10 0 0 update the R1 preferentially uses the R3 This is shown in Figure 1
23. 1 config router network 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 1 ZXR10_R1 config router area 0 0 0 1 nssa default information originate 2 Area 0 0 0 2 is a stub area R2 is an ABR working between the Area 0 0 0 2 and the backbone area In the stub area the ABR advertises a default route automatically R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R2 config if vlanl ip address 10 0 2 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan1 exit ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan2 24 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION HIT Chapter 3 OSPF Configuration ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan2 ip address 10 0 0 2 255 255 255 0 config if vlan2 exit config router ospf 1 config router network 10 0 0 0 config router network 10 0 2 0 config router area 0 0 0 2 stub 255 area 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 2 3 R3 is a router in the backbone area O and connects to other ASs through a BGP R3 Configuration can be done as egress router of the whole as to advertise a default route to the entire OSPF area manually R3 configuration ZXR10_R3 config interface vlan1 ZXR10_R3 config if vlan1 ip address 10 0 0 3 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R3 config if vlan1 exit ZXR10_R3 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R3 config if vlan2 ip address 192 168 0 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R3 config if vlan2 exit ZXR10_R3 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R3 config router network 10 0 0 0
24. 2 168 3 0 0 0 0 255 area 24 ZXR10_R2 config router network 192 168 1 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 The result is viewed as follows ZXR10_R1l config show ip ospf neighbor OSPF Router with ID 10 1 2 1 Process ID 1 Neighbor ID Pri State DeadTime Address Interface 10 1 1 2 d FULL DR 00 00 36 192 168 1 2 vlan8 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 23 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH ZXR10_R2 config show ip ospf neighbor OSPF Router with ID 10 1 1 2 Process ID 1 Neighbor ID Pri State DeadTime Address Interface TO Sr 1 FULL BDR 00 00 30 192 168 1 1 vlan8 Multi Area OSPF Configuration Example When a network is big it should be divided into multiple OSPF areas This is shown in Figure 7 as an example of multi area OSPF FIGURE 7 MULTI AREA OSPF CONFIGURATION x 192 168 0 1 24 Wick 10 0 2 2 30 Ee 52 168 1 1 24 Rz RIP 1 Area 0 0 0 1 is a NSSA R1 is an ABR working between the NSSA 0 0 0 1 and the backbone area Ri advertises a default route in the local area R1 configuration ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan 1 ZXR10_R1 config if vlanl ip address 10 0 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R1 config if vlanl exit ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R1 config if vlan2 ip address 10 0 0 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1 config if vlan2 exit ZXR10_R1 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R1 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R
25. 255 255 255 0 103 tag 153 ZXR10_R2 config ip route 10 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 102 tag 152 ZXR10_R2 config ip route 10 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 101 tag 151 Seven links between R1 and R2 implement load balance and over these links the user PC1 and the user PC2 can access each other Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 89 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH OSPF Load Balance RI configuration ZXR10_R1 config router ospf 100 ZXR10_R1 config router network 101 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R1 config router network 102 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R1 config router network 103 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R1 config router network 104 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R1 config router network 105 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R1 config router network 106 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R1 config router network 107 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R1 config router network 10 1 1 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_ R1 config router maximum paths 7 R2 configuration ZXR10 R2 config router ospf 100 ZXR10_R2 config router network 101 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10 R2 config router network 102 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R2 config router network 103 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R2 config router network 104 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10 R2 config router network 105 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R2
26. 4 Simi 168 4 uae 168 5 masia 192 168 4 1 ki 02 168 6 1 24 When R1 needs to access network in R3 the static route configu ration is as follows ZXR10_Rl config ip route 192 168 5 192 168 4 2 ZXR10_Rl config ip route 192 168 6 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 4 2 oO 299 255 255 0 R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config ip route 192 168 6 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 5 1 ZXR10_R2 config ip route 192 168 3 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 4 2 R3 configuration ZXR10_R3 config ip route 192 168 3 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 5 2 ZXR10_R3 config ip route 192 168 4 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 5 2 oO It is seen from the above configuration information that static route is configured in global configuration mode Only one static route can be configured once What next to the command ip route are remote network subnet mask and next hop IP address reaching remote network When Ri wants to transmit message to network 192 168 5 0 24 it must deliver the message to R2 with the IP ad dress of 192 168 4 2 Ri and R2 are connected directly When multiple paths to the same destination are available con figure the router with multiple static routes with different admin istrative distance values Routing table only shows the routing information with the minimum distance value When the router is notified that there are multiple competitive sources to a network the route with the minimum administrative distance value has a higher priority Parameter lt dis
27. 44 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 5 BGP Configuration Table of Contents BGP QVSIVIEW Ebbe tanREtAES AARTEN EENS OR ASTA Ee RER EER 45 COnnguring BGP hiesaren Ee E 46 BGP Configuration Earoerbt ek21ge aka aiana Ra 61 BGP Maintenance and Diag osS S ss ciicccsraceraiessacecceesrasersueecancs 63 BGP Overview Border Gateway Protocol BGP is an inter area routing protocol BGP exchanges Network Layer Reachable Information NLRI be tween ASs that run BGP This information includes a list of the ASs that the routes pass They are enough for creating a diagram indi cating the AS connection state This makes the AS based routing policy possible and solves the route loop problem BGP Version 4 BGP4 defined in RFC1771 supports CIDR super net subnet route aggregation and route filtering and is widely used on the Internet currently Border Gateway Protocol BGP is an interautonomous system routing protocol An autonomous system is a network or group of networks under a common administration and with common routing policies BGP is used to exchange routing information for the Internet and is the protocol used between Internet service providers ISP Cus tomer networks such as universities and corporations usually employ an Interior Gateway Protocol IGP such as RIP or OSPF for the exchange of routing information within their networks Cus tomers connect to ISPs and ISPs use BGP to exch
28. 9 54 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTE Chapter 5 BGP Configuration FIGURE 19 MED ATTRIBUTE 170 10 0 0 24 2 2 2 2 30 180 10 0 0 24 SY 3 3 2 30 Gg 120 med 200 1 1 1 1 30 1 1 1 2 30 The following is to set the MED value with the route map com mand R3 configuration ZXR10_R3 ZXR10 R3 config route map setmetricout permit 10 config route map set metric 120 ZXR10 R3 config router bgp 300 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 2 2 2 2 remote as 100 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 2 2 2 2 send med ZXR10 R3 config router neighbor 2 2 2 2 route map setmetricout out ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 1 1 1 2 remote as 300 ZXR10_R3 config router exit R4 configuration ZXR10_R4 config router bgp 300 ZXR10_R4 config router neighbor 3 3 3 1 remote as 100 ZXR10_R4 config router neighbor 3 3 3 1 send med ZXR10_R4 config router neighbor 3 3 3 1 route map setmetricout out ZXR10_R4 config router neighbor 1 1 1 1 remote as 300 ZXR10_R4 config router exit ZXR10_R4 config route map setmetricout permit 10 ZXR10_R4 config route map set metric 200 R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config router bgp 400 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 4 4 4 2 remote as 100 ZXR10 R2 config router neighbor 4 4 4 2 send med ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 4 4 4 2 route map setmetricout out ZXR10_R2 config router exit ZXR10_R2 config route map setmetricout permit 10
29. As can be included in one LSU When a router receives an LSU packet instead of forwarding it directly router extracts LSAs from the packet and puts them into its database In addition the router constructs its Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 17 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH 18 own LSU and forwards the modified LSU to neighbors connecting to it OSPF sends Link State Acknowledgements LSAck to make sure that each LSA is received by neighbors An LSAck contains the head of the confirmed LSA which is sufficient for identifying an LSA uniquely When a router sends an LSA to an interface the LSA is recorded in the resend queue of the interface Router will wait the preset time for the LSAck of the LSA If it does not receive the LSAck within the preset time it will resend the LSA A router can send the original LSU by both unicast and multicast but can resend the LSU only by unicast Stub Area and Totally Stub Area A stub area is an area into which AS External LSAs are not flooded If type 5 LSAs are not known inside an area type 4 LSAs are unnecessary these LSAs are blocked ABRs at the edge of a stub area will use Network Summary LSAs to advertise a single default route into the area In a stub area all routers must be configured as stub routers Hello Packet contains a stub area flag bit which must be consis tent among neighbors ABR in a stub area can f
30. EVEL 1 2 ZXR10 R1 config router exit ZXR10 R1 config interface vlan4 ZXRI0 Ri config if vlan4 ip address 192 168 15 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR OR config if vlan4 ip router isis ZXR10 R1 config if vlan4 isis circuit type LEVEL 2 ZXR O R config if vlan4 exit ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan6 ZXR10 Rl config if vlan6 ip address 192 168 100 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1 config if vlan6 ip router isis ZXR10 R1 config if vlan6 isis circuit type LEVEL 1 ZXR10_R1 config if vlan6 exit ZXR10 R1 config interface vlan7 ZXR OR config if vlan7 ip address 192 168 101 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10 R1 config if vlan7 ip router isis ZXR O R config if vlan7 isis circuit type LEVEL 1 ZXR10 R1 config if vlan7 exit ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan8 ZXR10_ Ri config if vlan8 ip address 192 168 102 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10 R1 config if vlan8 ip router isis ZXR10 R1 config if vlan8 isis circuit type LEVEL 1 ZXR10_R1 config if vlan8 exit ZXR10 R1 config router isis R10 R1 ZX config router summary address 192 168 100 0 255 255 252 0 metric 10 R2 configuration 40 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTE ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX V A A A A A A A A A AA A A A R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 Chapter 4 IS IS Configuration config router isis config router area 00 config router system id 00D0 E0D7 53E0 config router is type
31. LEVEL 2 config router exit config interface vlan4 config if v config if v1 config if v lan4 ip address 192 168 10 2 255 255 255 0 an4 ip router isis an4 isis circuit type LEVEL 2 lan4 exit config interface vlan6 config if vl config if vl config if vl config if vl R3 configuration ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX V A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A CH ENEE rr rer rin LG R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 tconfig if vLl lang ip address 192 168 122 255 255 255 0 Lan6 ip router isis lan6 isis circuit type LEVEL 2 lan6 exit config router isis config router area 00 config router system id 00D0 E0C7 53E0 config router is type LEVEL 2 config router exit config interface vlan4 config if vl config if v1 config if v1 lan4 ip address 192 168 15 3 255 255 255 0 an4 ip router isis an4 isis circuit type LEVEL 2 lan4 exit config interface vlan6 config if v config if v config if v lan6 ip address 192 168 10 3 255 255 255 0 lan6 ip router isis lan6 isis circuit type LEVEL 2 config interface vlan7 config if vl config if vi contig if v config if v1 config if vl R4 configuration ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX Z
32. Less Network Sevice CIDR Classless Inter Domain Routing EBGP External Border Gateway Protocol DR Designate Router ISO International Organization for Standardization IGMP Internet Group Management ProtocolInternet IGP Interior Gateway Protocol LSA Link State Advertisement MED MULTI_EXIT_DISC NBMA Non Broadcast Multiple Access OSI Open Systems Interconnection OSPF Open Shortest Path First RIP Routing Information Protocol PDU Protocol Data Unit SPF Shortest Path First VLSM Variable Length Subnet Mask SNP Sequence Num PDU PDU BSR Bootstrap Router IBGP Interior Border Gateway Protocol IS IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System LSU Link State Update MSDP Multicast Source Discovery Protocol NSSA Not So Stubby Area PIM SM Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode RP Rendezvous Point AD Administrative Distance BGP Border Gateway Protocol AS Autonomous System Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 97
33. Peer 78 Configuring PIM DM eee eee eee eee eee eee ea enee tangs 78 Configuring PIM SNOOPING eee eeeeeeeaeees 78 Multicast Configuration Example ceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 78 Multicast Maintenance and Diagnose 80 Load Balance Configuration cssscssesesseneeeeeess OF Load Balance Overvlew s sessessssssrrsrnsessessrnrnnnnnnnenernnrrnnn 87 Configuring Load Balance ccceceeeee eee ee testes eee eeeeeeaeees 88 Load Balance Configuration Example cccceceeeeeseeeeeeeeaees 88 Static Routing Load Balance 88 OSPF Load Balance ENEE 90 BGP Load Balance NENNEN 90 Load Balance Maintenance and Diagnose 91 PIQUICS NK KL siden e eres inania a D GIOSSANY seis i a a e Purpose Intended Audience Prerequisite Skill and Knowledge What Is in This Manual About This Manual ZXR10 5900 5200 V2 8 23 A Series All Gigabit Port Intelligent Routing Switch User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume provides procedures and guidelines that support the operation on ZXR10 5900 5200 Series All Gigabit Port Intelligent Routing Switch including ZXR10 5924 Gigabit Routing Switch ZXR10 5928 Gigabit Routing Switch ZXR10 5928 Fi Gigabit Routing Switch ZXR10 5952 Gigabit Routing Switch ZXR10 5224 Gigabit Convergence Switch ZXR10 5228 Gigabit Convergence Switch m ZXR10 5228 FI Gigabit Convergence Switch m ZXR10 5252 Gigabit Convergence Switch m ZXR10 5928 PS Gigabit Convergence Switch This m
34. R1 config if vlanl ip pim sm ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R1 config if vlan2 ip address 0 10 20 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1 config if vlan2 ip pim sm ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan3 ZXR10_R1 config if vlan3 ip address 0 10 30 1 2552255 255 0 ZXR10_R1 config if vlan3 ip pim sm ZXR10_R1 config router ospf 1 ZXR10 R1 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config ip multicast routing ZXR10_R2 config interface loopbackl ZXR10_R2 config loopbackl ip address 10 1 1 2 255 255 255 255 ZXR10_R2 config router pimsm ZXR10_R2 config router rp candidate loopbackl priority 20 ZXR10_R2 config router bsr candidate loopbackl 10 20 ZXR10_R2 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R2 config if vlanl ip address 0 10 20 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config if vlanl ip pim sm ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan2 ip address 0 10 40 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan2 ip pim sm ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan3 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan3 ip address 0 10 50 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan3 ip Lomp access group 10 ZXR10_R2 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R2 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 R3 configuration ZXR10_R3 ZXR10 R3 ZXR10_R3 ZXR10 R3 config ip multicast routing config interface loopbackl config loopback1 ip address config router pimsm 10 113 259 255 255 259 Confid
35. ULL 100 1 1 100 229 3 3 16 00 00 01 00 03 34 0 0 flags UN Incoming interface vlan4 RPF nbr 4 4 4 5 Outgoing interface list vlan6 Forward Sparse 00 00 01 00 03 29 535 56 y 0 0 flags SP 5 56 2 To show multicast forwarding entries use the following com mand zxR10 Show ip mforwarding device lt device number gt This shows multicast forwarding group address lt group address gt source address entries If the command lt source address gt does not carry source address options show G multicast forwarding entries If carrying source address options show S G multicast forwarding entries 80 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZIEOS Chapter 6 Multicast Routing Configuration This shows the multicast forwarding entries ZXR10 show ip mforwarding group address 229 3 3 16 IP Forwarding Multicast Routing Table Flags N No Used U Up Send L Limit upSend A Assert send 229 3 3 16 Flags HitFlag 0 Incoming interface Null LastSrcIp 0 0 0 0 Outgoing vlan interface list NULL L2bitmap 0x0000000000000000 L3bitmap 0x0000000000000000 00 1 1 100 229 3 3 16 Flags HitFlag 0 ncoming interface vlan4 19 3 LastSrcIp 0 0 0 0 Outgoing vlan interface list NULL L2bitmap 0x4000000000000008 L3bitmap 0x0000000000000000 3 To show the multicast reverse path forwarding message use the following command ZXR10 config Show ip rpf lt source address gt This show
36. X ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX D A A A A A A A A A A A NN CH ACHEN CENEN ENER CH EHNEN EN EN EHNEN Cc coc EN e R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 config if v config if v config if v config if v config if vy config if v config if vl config if vl config if vl config if v R5 configuration ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX D A A A A A A A A A EX oo oo CHEN aoa CH R5 R5 R5 R5 R5 R5 R5 ps ps ps config if v1 config if v1 lan7 ip address 192 168 11 3 255 255 255 0 lan7 ip router isis lan7 isis circuit type LEVEL 2 lan7 exit config router isis config router area 00 config router system id 00D0 E0E7 53E0 config router is type LEVEL 2 config router exit config interface vlan4 lan4 ip address 192 168 12 4 255 255 255 0 an4 ip router isis an4 isis circuit type LEVEL 2 lan4 exit config interface vlan6 lan6 ip address 192 168 11 4 255 255 255 0 lan6 ip router isis lan6 isis circuit type LEVEL 2 lan6 exit config interface vlan7 lan7 ip address 192 168 16 4 255 255 259 0 lan7 ip router isis lan7 isis circuit type LEVEL 2 lan7 exit config router isis config router area 02 config router system id 00D0 DOCF 53E0 config router is type LEVEL 1 2 config router exit config interf
37. ZTEDR ZXR10 5900 5200 Series All Gigabit Port Intelligent Routing Switch ZTE CORPORATION ZTE Plaza Keji Road South Hi Tech Industrial Park Nanshan District Shenzhen P R China 518057 Tel 86 755 26771900 Fax 86 755 26770801 URL http ensupport zte com cn E mail support zte com cn User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume Version 2 8 23 A LEGAL INFORMATION Copyright 2006 ZTE CORPORATION The contents of this document are protected by copyright laws and international treaties Any reproduction or distribution of this document or any portion of this document in any form by any means without the prior written consent of ZTE CORPO RATION is prohibited Additionally the contents of this document are protected by contractual confidentiality obligations All company brand and product names are trade or service marks or registered trade or service marks of ZTE CORPORATION or of their respective owners This document is provided as is and all express implied or statutory warranties representations or conditions are dis claimed including without limitation any implied warranty of merchantability fitness for a particular purpose title or non in fringement ZTE CORPORATION and its licensors shall not be liable for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on the information contained herein ZTE CORPORATION or its licensors may have current or pending intellectual property rights or applications covering
38. ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Clearing Statistics Counter for MSDP Peers zxR10 Clear ip msdp statistics lt peer address gt This clears statistics counter for MSDP peers Configuring PIM DM This enables PIM DM function 2 ZXR10 config if ip Dim dm This adds an interface that runs PIM DM Configuring PIM SNOOP ING 1 ZXR10 config ip pim snooping This enables PIM SNOOPING function 2 ZXR10 config vlanx pim snooping This enables PIM SNOOPING function in VLAN Multicast Configuration Example PIM SM configuration and network topology is shown in Figure 24 78 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 6 Multicast Routing Configuration FIGURE 24 MULTICAST CONFIGURATION Lo 10 1 1 3 32 0 10 40 2 24 10 10 40 1 24 10 10 30 1 24 Lo 10 1 1 1 32 5 10 10 10 1 24 o 10 1 1 2 32 10 10 20 1 24 10 10 20 2 24 10 10 50 1 24 RI SS 10 10 10 2 24 J 10 10 50 2 24 2 A Q Multicast Receiver source R1 configuration ZXR10_R1 config ip multicast routing ZXR10_R1 config interface loopbackl ZXR10_R1 config loopbackl ip address 10 1 1 1 255 255 255 255 ZXR10_R1 config router pimsm ZXR10_R1 config router rp candidate loopbackl priority 10 ZXR10_R1 config router bsr candidate loopbackl 10 10 ZXR10_R1 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R1 config if vlanl ip address 0710101 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_
39. ace vlan4 config if vlan4 ip address 192 168 16 5 255 255 255 0 config if vlan4 config if vlan4 isis circuit type LEVEL 2 config if vlan4 ip router isis exit Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 41 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH ZXR10_R5 config interface vlan6 ZXR10_ R5 config if vlan6 ip address 192 168 13 5 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R5 config if vlan6 ip router isis ZXR10 R5 config if vlan6 isis circuit type LEVEL 1 ZXR10_R5 config if vlan6 exit R6 configuration ZXR10 R6 config router isis ZXR10_R6 config router area 02 ZXR10_R6 config router system id 00D0 0ECD 53E0 ZXR10_R6 config router is type LEVEL 1 ZXR10_R6 config router exit ZXR10_R6 config interface vlan4 ZXR10_R6 config if vlan4 ip address 192 168 13 6 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R6 config if vlan4 ip router isis ZXR10_R6 config if vlan4 isis circuit type LEVEL 1 ZXR10_R6 config if vlan4 exit ZXR10_R6 config interface vlan8 ZXR10_R6 config if vlan8 ip address 192 168 14 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R6 config if vlan8 exit ZXR10_R6 config ip route 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 192 168 13 5 ZXR10_R6 config router isis ZXR10_R6 config router default information originate ZXR10_R6 config router redistribute static metric 10 ZXR10_R6 config router end IS IS Maintenance and Diagnosis ZXR10 5900 5200 provides show command for maintenance and diagnosis show isis ad
40. acl number gt peer When default MSDP peer is configured the local router accepts all SA messages from the peer Configuring an Originating RP ZXR10 config ip msdp originator id lt interface name gt This configures an originating RP This command generates the MSDP speaker of SA messages It also uses address of specified interface as the RP address in a SA Configuring the MSDP Peer as a Mesh Group Member ZXR10 config ip msdp mesh group lt peer address gt lt me This configures the MSDP peer sh name gt as a mesh group member A mesh group is a group of MSDP speakers These speakers have fully meshed connectivity 76 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZIEOS Chapter 6 Multicast Routing Configuration Clearing Statistics Counter for MSDP Peers This clears statistics counter for MSDP peers zZxR10 Clear ip msdp statistics lt peer address gt Clearing Statistics Counter for MSDP Peers This clears statistics counter for MSDP peers ZxR10 Clear ip msdp statistics lt peer address gt Clearing Statistics Counter for MSDP Peers This clears statistics counter for MSDP peers ZxR10 Clear ip msdp statistics lt peer address gt Clearing Statistics Counter for MSDP Peers This clears statistics counter for MSDP peers zxR10 Clear ip msdp statistics lt peer address gt Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 77
41. address 192 ZXR10_R1 config if vlan4 ip router isis ZXR10 R1 config interface vlan6 ZXR10_R1 config if vlan6 ip address 192 ZXR10 R1 config if vlan6 ip router isis R2 configuration 168 22 255 255 259 0 168 621 255 255 255 0 ZXR10 R2 config router isis ZXR10_R2 config router area 01 ZXR10_R2 config router system id 00D0 D0C7 5460 ZXR10_R2 config router exit ZXR10 R2 config interface vlan4 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan4 ip address 192 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan4 ip router isis ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan3 ZXR10 R2 config if vlan3 ip address 192 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan3 ip router isis The result is viewed as follows ZXR10_R1l config show isis adjacency nterface vlan8 ZXR10 UP UP LIL ZXR10_R1 config show ip route Pv4 Routing Table Dest Mask Gw Osle 1 0 255 255 2550 TO 2 0 1 1 2 295 255 295 255 10 1 1 2 92 168 1 0 255 255 259 0 192 168 92 168 1 1 255 255 255 255 192 168 92 168 2 0 295 299 2990 192 168 92 168 2 1 255 255 255 255 192 168 92 168 6 0 255 255 2550 192 168 ZXR10_R2 config show isis adjacency Interface vlan8 ZXR10 UP UP LIL ZXR10_R2 config show ip route Pv4 Routing Table Dest Mask Gw Ode dO 255 255 2550 R EES HE EG Ee 255 255 255 255 10 1 1 3 92 168 1 0 255 255 2550 192 168 92 168 2 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 92 168 2 2 255 255 255 255 192 168 92 168 6 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 92 168 611 255 255 255 255 192 168 System id State Lev S
42. ag 155 ZXR10_ Rl config ip route 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 104 1 1 2 tag 154 ZXR10_R1 config tip route 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 103 1 1 2 tag 3 ZXR10_R1 config ip route 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 102 1 1 2 tag 152 ZXR10 R1 config ip route 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 101 1 1 2 tag 151 R2 configuration ZXR10 R2 config interface vlan 1 ZXR10 R2 config if vlan1 ip address 101 1 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10 R2 config interface vlan 2 ZXR 0 _R2 config if vlan2 ip address 102 1 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10 R2 config interface vlan 3 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan3 ip address 103 1 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10 R2 config interface vlan 4 ZXR 0 _R2 config if vlan4 ip address 104 1 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10 R2 config interface vlan 5 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan5 ip address 105 1 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10 R2 config interface vlan 6 ZXR 0 _R2 config if vlan6 ip address 106 1 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10 R2 config interface vlan 7 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan7 ip address 107 1 1 3 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan 8 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan8 ip address 20 1 1 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config ip route 10 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 107 tag 157 ZXR10_R2 config ip route 10 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 106 tag 156 ZXR10_R2 config ip route 10 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 105 tag 155 ZXR10_R2 config ip route 10 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 104 tag 154 ZXR10_R2 config ip route 10 1 1 0
43. ange customer and ISP routes When BGP is used between autonomous systems AS the protocol is referred to as External BGP EBGP If a ser vice provider is using BGP to exchange routes within an AS then the protocol is referred to as Interior BGP IBGP AS indicator is a 16 bit value ranging from 1 to 65535 of which the numbers from 1 to 32767 are available for allocation Those from 32768 to 64511 are reserved Those from 64512 to 65534 are used for private ASs similar to private network addresses in IP addresses BGP runs on the basis of a reliable transfer protocol with TCP as its underlying protocol and TCP port 179 Routers running BGP first set up a TCP connection and then exchange all the routing table information after authentication After that when the routing table Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 45 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH changes They send route update messages to all BGP neighbors who will further spread the routing information until it reaches the whole network Routes learned via BGP have associated properties that are used to determine the best route to a destination when multiple paths exist to a particular destination These properties are referred to as BGP attributes There are four types of path attributes 1 Mandatory AttributeIt must appear in the route description AS path Next hop Origin 2 Self Defined AttributeIt does not have to app
44. anual EEN ZXR10 5900 5200 V2 8 23 A Series All Gigabit Port Intelli gent Routing Switch Hardware Manual m ZXR10 5900 5200 V2 8 23 A Series All Gigabit Port Intelli gent Routing Switch User Manual Ethernet Switching Volume m ZXR10 5900 5200 V2 8 23 A Series All Gigabit Port Intelli gent Routing Switch User Manual Basic Configuration Volume ZXR10 5900 5200 V2 8 23 A Series All Gigabit Port Intelli gent Routing Switch User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume sg ZXR10 5900 5200 V2 8 23 A Series All Gigabit Port Intelli gent Routing Switch User Manual IPv6 Routing Volume ZXR10 Router Ethernet Switch Command Manual Command Index ZXR10 Router Ethernet Switch Command Manual System Management ZXR10 Router Ethernet Switch Command Manual Functional System I ZXR10 Router Ethernet Switch Command Manual Functional System Volume II ZXR10 Router Ethernet Switch Command Manual Functional System Volume III ZXR10 Router Ethernet Switch Command Manual Functional System IV ZXR10 Router Ethernet Switch Command Manual Protocol Stack I ZXR10 Router Ethernet Switch Command Manual Protocol Stack II ZXR10 Router Ethernet Switch Command Manual Protocol Stack III ZXR10 Router Ethernet Switch Information Manual ii Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 1 Static Route Configuration Table of Contents Statie ROUTE OYEFE ee Sea ESA EE 1 Connorin S
45. anual is intended for engineers and technicians who per form operation activities on ZXR10 5900 5200 All Gigabit Port In telligent Routing Switches To use the IPv4 Routing volume effectively users should have a general understanding of OSI Model Familiarity with the following is helpful Protocols Routing concepts and Data Communication Terminologies The IPv4 Routing volume contains the following chapters TABLE 1 CHAPTER SUMMARY Chapter Summary i O Chapter 1 Static Route This chapter describes static route and its Configuration configuration including special summary static route Chapter 2 RIP This chapter describes Routing Information Configuration Protocol RIP configuration Chapter 3 OSPF This chapter describes Open Shortest Configuration Path First OSPF protocol and related configuration Chapter 4 IS IS This chapter describes IS IS protocol and Configuration related configuration Chapter 5 BGP This chapter describes Border Gateway Configuration Protocol BGP and related configuration Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION i ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH chapter Summary o Chapter 6 Multicast This chapter describes Multicast Routing Routing Configuration and related configuration Chapter 7 Load Balance This chapter describes Load Balance and Configuration related configuration Related The following documentation is related to this m
46. ault Route ce cece eee eee eee teense eee eaes 21 Configuring Virtual Link cc cceeeeeee eect eee cena eee ee eee ees 21 Redistributing Other Routing Protocols 22 Configuring OSPF Authentication sseessssssesrrrerrsereenn 22 Enabling Routes to Support Opaque LSA 22 Modifying OSPF Management Distance eeeeeee 23 OSPF Configuration Example ccccccceseeeeeeeeeeeneeeaeeaeeneenes 23 Basic OSPF Configuration Example sssssssssssssssssrrerrreess 23 Multi Area OSPF Configuration Example sssssseccreseeree 24 OSPF Virtual Links Configuration Example sssseseseres 25 OSPF Authentication Configuration Example scese 27 OSPF Maintenance and Diagonosls teenies 30 IS IS Configuration cccssccessncescccesccessseesenesssees OD ISAS OVERVIEW ege ENNEN EE EEN ENNEN EE 33 ISAS OVEN EW enee veer aver oucievees REENEN ens vere EE 33 EE 24 IS IS Network Type NEEN 35 DIS and Router Priority ccceceeceeeeeee eee eee eee eae eeeenees 35 Configuring WR LEET 36 Enabling ISIS nirea teaver deeg ee geleed ver 36 Configuring IS IS Global Parameters ccceceeseeeeeenees 36 Configuring IS IS Interface Parameters cceeeeeeeeaeees 37 Configuring IS IS Authentication cccceeeeeeeee eee eeneeas 37 IS IS Configuration Example sssssssssssssrnrrssrrnsrsrrrrsrrreners 38 Single Area IS IS Configuration ecceeeeeeeeee eee eeees 38 Multiple Area IS IS Confouration ee ee es 40 IS IS Main
47. ber of intra inter entries in LSDB Area filter out not set Area filter in not set Area ranges count 0 ZXR10_R3 config show ip ospf 1 OSPF 1 enable Router Domain ID 10 0 1 2 ID type 0x5 value 0 0 0 1 Enabled for 00 00 58 Debug on Number Number Number Number Number of areas 1 Normal 1 Stub 0 NSSA 0 of interfaces 1 of neighbors 0 of adjacent neighbors 0 of virtual links 0 Total number of entries in LSDB 1 Number Number Number Number of ASEs in LSDB 0 Checksum Sum 0x00000000 of grace LSAs 0 of new LSAs received 0 of self originated LSAs 1 Hold time between consecutive SPF 1 secs last NSF restart 01 49 58 ago took 0 secs 4 Checksum Sum 0x00028391 5 Checksum Sum 0x0002c08e 3 Checksum Sum 0x0001e787 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 29 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Non stop Forwarding disabled last NSF restart 00 14 15 ago took 0 secs Area 0 0 0 1 enable Demand circuit available Enabled for 00 00 12 Area has MD5 authentication Times spf has been run 1 Number of interfaces 1 Up 0 Number of ASBR local to this area 0 Number of ABR local to this area 0 Total number of intra inter entries in LSDB 1 Checksum Sum 0x00008e9a Area filter out not set Area filter in not set Area ranges count 0 OSPF Maintenance and Diagnosis ZXR10 5900 5200 provides show command for maintenance and diagnosis zxXR10 Show ip ospf This v
48. ccessed through AS paths which makes R1 advertise only the networks from AS100 to AS200 so that the network 192 18 10 0 24 can be filtered Setting LOCAL_PREF Attribute Value of the Local preference attribute is used for routing between the IBGP peers inside an AS To set the local preference value of the BGP advertised routes use the following command ZXR10 config router bgp default local preference This sets the local preference lt value gt value of the BGP advertised routes R3 and R4 synchronously learn the route to 170 10 0 0 Local preference value of R4 is greater packets from AS256 to the des tination are passed to R4 This is shown in Figure 18 FIGURE 18 LOCAL_PREF ATTRIBUTE 128 213 11 1 30 LOC 150 IBGP LOC 200 _ lt _ _ The following two modes are used to configure the LOCAL_PREF attribute Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 53 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH 1 Set the LOCAL_PREF attribute with the BGP default local pr eference command R3 configuration ZXR10_R3 ZXR10 R3 ZXR10 R3 ZXR10 R3 config router bgp 256 config router neighbor 1 1 1 1 remote as 100 config router neighbor 128 213 11 2 remote as 256 config router bgp default local preference 150 R4 configuration ZXR10_R4 ZXR10_R4 ZXR10_R4 ZXR10_R4 config router bgp 256 config router neighbor 3 3 3 2 remote as 300 config router neighbor 128 213 1
49. d ZXR10 Show ip pimsm interface lt nterface name gt This views the configuration of the PIM SM interface This shows the configuration of the PIM SM interface ZXR10 show ip pimsm interface Address Interface State Nbr Query DR DR Count Intvl Priority 4 4 4 4 vlan4 Up 0 30 4 4 4 4 1 Bs oe 5 eS vlan5 Up 0 30 Da Da Dace 1 6 6 5 6 vlan6 Up 0 30 6 6 6 6 1 0 0 0 0 vlan100 Down 0 30 0 0 0 0 1 5 To view the neighbors of the PIM SM interface use the follow ing command zxR10 Show ip pimsm neighbor lt interface name gt This views the neighbors of the PIM SM interface This shows the neighbors of the PIM SM interface ZXR10 show ip pimsm neighbor Neighbor AddressInterface DR Prio Uptime Expires ls a ot ek gt EG vian4 30000 00 19 34 00 01 29 22 22 22 43 vlan5 al 03 21 25 00 01 16 6 To trace the related information of the PIM SM interface use the following command ZxR10 debug ip pimsm This traces the related information of the PIM SM interface This shows related information of the PIM SM interface ZXR10 debug ip pimsm PIMSM debugging is on 00 04 11 PIMSM Received multicast data packet 5 1 1 2 224 1 1 1 from vlani 00 04 11 PIMSM Start creating 224 1 1 1l entry 00 04 11 PIMSM 224 1 1 1 entry is created successfully 00 04 11 PIMSM Start creating 5 1 1 2 224 1 1 1l entry Viewing PIM DM Information Commands 1 zxR10 Show ip pimdm interface lt interface name gt This
50. discards the multicast packet The input interface receiving the multicast packet in the router is called the father link The output interface sending the mul ticast packet is called the sub link 2 Multicast Rendezvous Point Tree The multicast rendezvous point tree constructs a multicast tree for each multicast group This tree is shared by all members Namely the G use commonly a preceding multicast tree but not construct a tree for each pair S G Each device want ing to receive the multicast packet of the group must explicitly join the RPT The multicast RPT uses a router or a group of routers as the center of the multicast tree All source direction receivers send the packet to the center in a unicast mode and start to forward from the center along the multicast RPT tree in a multicast mode PIM SM PIM SM sends multicast packet by using the multicast RPT A mul ticast RPT has a center point that is responsible for sending packets to the ports of all sources of a multicast group Send ports of each source sends packets to the center point along the shortest path and distribute packets to receiving ports The group center point of the PIM SM is called Rendezvous Point RP A network may have multiple RPs whereas a multicast group has only one RP Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 67 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH 68 A router can determine the locatio
51. dvertise summary addresses in the area Notifying Default Route When a router uses redistributed routes it becomes an ASBR ASBR does not automatically advertise the default route to the whole OSPF area by default ZXR10 config router notify default route always me_ This notifies default route tric lt metric value gt metric type lt type gt route map lt map tag gt Configuring Virtual Link All areas on an OSPF network must directly connect to the back bone area which will set a limit to the layout of areas especially when the network is very large To overcome this problem a vir tual link can be used to connect a remote area to the backbone area through another area The area that the virtual link crosses must have complete routing information so it cannot be a stub area ZXR10 config router area lt area id gt virtual link This defines an OSPF virtual link lt router id gt hello interval lt seconds gt retransmit intervall lt seconds gt transmit delay lt seconds gt dead intervall lt seconds gt authentication key lt key gt message digest key lt keyid gt md5 lt cryptkey gt delay lt time gt encrypt authentication null message digest Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 21 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Redistributing Other Routing Protocols Different dynamic routing protocols can share ro
52. dvertise both routes in addition to the aggregate route R4 configuration ZXR10_R4 config interface vlanl ZXR10 R4 config if vlanl ip address 4 4 4 4 255 255 255 0 ZXR10 R4 config if vlan1 exit ZXR10_R4 config router bgp 400 ZXR10_R4 config router neighbor 4 4 4 1 remote as 300 Configuring Multihop in EBGP EBGP neighbor is established on the interfaces directly connecting two routers If EBGP neighbor is to be established on indirectly connected interfaces neighbor ebgp multihop command is used in order to perform EBGP multihop configuration It is suitable for IGP or static routing configuration to enable indirectly connected neighbors to communicate with each other This section describes the EBGP neighbor to establish on indirectly connected interfaces ZXR10 config router neighbor lt jip address gt This configures EBGP neighbors ebgp multihop ttl lt va ue gt on indirectly connected interface Example Ri needs to set up the adjacency relationship with the indirectly connected interface 180 225 11 1 on R2 Neighbor ebgp multi hop command is configured This is shown in Figure 16 FIGURE 16 CONFIGURATION OF BGP MULTIHOP R1 configuration ZXR10_ Rl config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 180 225 11 1 remote as 300 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 180 225 11 1 ebgp multihop R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config router bgp 300 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 129 213 1 2 remo
53. e domains they can transfer the information to receivers in local domain Thus multicast packets can be forwarded among domains Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZIEOS Chapter 6 Multicast Routing Configuration MSDP speaker in a PIM SM domain establishes MSDP peering ses sion with MSDP peers in other domains through TCP connection When MSDP speaker has learnt a new multicast source through the PIM register mechanism in local domain it creates a Source Active message and sends it to all the MSDP peers Each MSDP peer that receives the message uses peer RPF check and only the SA message received on correct interface is for warded discarding the others When an MSDP peer which is also an RP for its own domain receives a new SA message and the outgoing interface list in G entry is non empty that is there are receivers within the domain RP creates a S G state for multicast source and adds this entry to the shortest path tree of the source In addition each MSDP peer saves the received SA messages in a cache thus establishing a SA cache table If the RP in a PIM SM domain receives a new PIM join message for multicast group G the RP searches its own SA cache table to get all the active mul ticast sources immediately thus generating the corresponding S G Join message PIM SNOOPING PIM Snooping obtains the multicast routing port by snooping the HELLO and JOIN PRUNE messages of the multica
54. e time for sending hello packets ZXR10 config if vlanx isis Isp interval This sets time interval for lt interval gt level 1 level 2 ZXR10 config if vlanx isis retrasmit interval lt interval gt level 1 level 2 transmitting LSP packets This sets LSP packet retransmission internal R10 config if vlanx isis priority lt priority gt level This designates DIS election level 2 priority of an interface ZXR10 config if vlanx isis metric lt metric va lue gt le This configures IS IS metric vel 1 level 2 of an interface to participate in calculation for number of shortest IS IS paths ZXR10 config if vlanx isis csnp interval This configures IS IS CSNP lt interval gt level 1 level 2 interval in order to set the interval between CSNP packets Configuring IS IS Authentication ZXR10 5900 5200 supports plain text authentication and MD5 en cryption authentication Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 37 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH ZXR10 config if vlanx isis authentication type This sets the authentication text md5 level 1 level 2 method for an interface ZXR10 config router authentication type This sets the authentication text md5 level 1 level 2 method for LSP packets For each authentication mode ZXR10 5900 5200 supports three type authentication modes ZXR10 config if vlanx isis authentication lt ke
55. ear in the route description Local preference Atomic aggregate 3 Optional Transitional AttributeIt does not have to be supported by all BGP implementations If it is supported it can be for warded to BGP neighbors If it is not supported by the current router it should be forwarded to other BGP routers Aggregator Community 4 Optional Non Transitional AttributeIt should be deleted by the routers that do not support it Multi exit discriminator MED Configuring BGP Enabling BGP ZXR10 config router bgp lt as number gt This starts the BGP process ZXR10 config router neighbor lt p address gt This configures BGP remote as lt number gt neighbors ZXR10 config router network lt jip address gt lt net This configures BGP to mask gt advertise a network Example Ri is in AS 100 and R2 in AS 200 This is shown in Figure 13 46 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION HIT Chapter 5 BGP Configuration FIGURE 13 BASIC BGP CONFIGURATION 182 17 0 0 16 R1 configuration ZXR10_R1 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 10 1 1 1 remote as 200 ZXR10_R1 config router network 182 16 0 0 255 255 0 0 R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config router bgp 200 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 10 1 1 2 remote as 100 ZXR10_R2 config router network 182 17 0 0 255 255 0 0 In the above configuration R1 and R2 define each other as BGP neighbor Ri and R2 belong to d
56. ed on its tasks in the area a router can be of one or multiple of the following roles as shown in Figure 5 16 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDY Chapter 3 OSPF Configuration FIGURE 5 OSPF ROUTER TYPES wem 5 Area N s 7 e JZ aras N Internal Router a Internal router Router s interface is in the same area Backbone router Router has at least one interface in Area 0 Area Border Router ABR Router has at least one interface in Area 0 and at least one interface in another area Autonomous System Border Router ASBR Router connects an AS that runs OSPF to another AS that runs another protocol such as RIP and IGRP LSA Type and Flooding OSPF routers useLSAs to exchange information for the link state database LSAs set up an accurate and complete network diagram routes in a routing table ZXR10 5900 5200 supports six types of LSAs Type 1Router LSA Type 2Network LSA Type 3Network Summary LSA Type 4ASBR Summary LSA Type 5AS External LSA Type 7NSSA External LSA OSPF operations are determined by all routers that share one pub lic link state database in a region Therefore all LSAs need to be flooded over the region and the processing must be reliable Each router sends the LSAs that it receives from a particular area to the other interfaces in the area Instead of being packets LSAs are contained in Link State Update LSU packets Several LS
57. effective if there are multi ple source address destination address pairs in traffic Eight different paths can arrive at the destination at most in the ZXR10 5900 5200 Once load balance is configured interface traf fic becomes balanced after a period Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 87 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Configuring Load Balance ZXR10 config router maximum paths lt number gt i This configures the maximum bgp lt number gt number of routers This configures the maximum count of routes in the RIP OSPF IS IS and BGP route configuration mode The default number of route is 1 and the maximum count is 8 ZXR10 config ip route lt prefix gt lt net mask gt lt forwar This configures the load ding router s address gt lt interface name gt lt distan balance of static route ce metric gt tag lt tag gt This configures multiple static routes to the same destination and supports at most eight routes with different tags The default value of the tag is 3 Load Balance Configuration Example R1 is connected to R2 over seven links This is shown in Figure 25 FIGURE 25 LOAD BALANCE CONFIGURATION 10 1 1 2 24 vlan8 vlan8 20 x A 2 10 1 1 1 24 20 1 1 1 24 f em E d PC vian7 107 1 1 1 30 vlan7 107 1 1 2 30 vlan6 106 1 1 1 30 vlan6 106 1 1 2 30 vian5 105 1 1 1 30 vian5 105 1 1 2 30 vian4 104 1 1 1 30 vilan4 104
58. eneneees 9 Configuring RIP Neiobbor eee ee teeta eee eeeeaeees 9 Configuring RIP Authentication cceeee eens esse eee ee es 9 Configuring split horizon mechanism eceeeeeeee es 10 Configuring Poison Reverse Mechanlsm 10 Redistributing a Route 10 Configuring RIP Version 10 RIP Configuration Exvample eee eeeeeeeeeeeeees 10 RIP Maintenance and Diagnose 11 OSPF Configuration Aeuesegeg e eege ge ek EEN EEN KE sier ue geg LS OSPF E 13 OSPF BASICS EE 13 OSPE AIQGMENM BEE 14 OSPF Network TypeS ceccceceeee eee eeeeeeeeae eee eeneeaeeaeenaenans 14 Hello Packet ANd Timer aa aaia 15 OSPF NGIQN DOF 2 uggvu eggges SEAN RENE ER E A A 15 Adjacency and Designated Routers cceeeeeeeeeeeee es 15 Router Priority and DR Electon essen eee eeaees 16 OSPF Area eh neues Sides cay EE Aaa eee a 16 LSA Type and Flooding cceeec cece sees tees eee eeee eae eaeeaeeenees 17 Stub Area and Totally Stub Area 18 Not So Stubby Area NNN NENNEN 18 OSPF Authenticatio myc wis Mreutacei sven dE 19 Configuring OSPF s EE ee Ee need 19 Enabling OSP Farer eege ee ee Sech 19 Configuring Interface Timer cccceccece eee eee eset eae eaeeeaenas 19 Configuring Interface Coste 20 Configuring Interface Priority cccecceeeeeeeeeeeaeeaeeeneeas 20 Configuring Neighbor Routers eee eeeeeaeeeeeeneeas 20 Configuring OSPF Area 20 Configuring Inter Area Route Aggregation ssscerescrrs 20 Notifying Def
59. ential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 79 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH ZXR10_R3 config router rp candidate loopbackl priority 30 ZXR10_R3 config router bsr candidate Loopbackl 10 30 ZXR 0 R3 config interface vlanl ZXR10 R3 config if vlanl ip address 10 10 30 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR 0 _R3 config if vlanl ip pim sm ZXR10 R3 config interface vlan2 ZXR 0 R3 config if vlan2 ip address 10 10 40 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10 R3 config if vlan2 ip pim sm ZXR10_R3 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R3 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 Multicast Maintenance and Diagnosis Common View 1 To view the IP multicast routing table use the following com Command mand zXR10 Show ip mroute group lt group address gt source This views the IP multicast lt source address gt summary routing table This shows the contents of the current IP multicast routing table ZXR10 Show ip mroute IP Multicast Routing Table Flags D Dense S Sparse C Connected L Local P Pruned R RP bit set F Register flag T SPT bit set J Join SPT M MSDP created entry N No Used U Up Send A Advertised via MSDP X Proxy Join Timer Running Assert flag Statistic Receive packet count Send packet count Timers Uptime Expires Interface state Interface Next Hop or VCD State Mode 229 3 3 16 00 00 01 00 03 34 RP Incoming interface vlan5 RPF nbr 5 Outgoing interface list N
60. er periodically sends query messages of group mem bers to all mainframes in order to know which specific group mem bers exist in the connected networks The mainframe returns a report message of group members reporting the multicast group which they belong to A mainframe immediately sends report mes sages of group members instead of awaiting a query when it joins a new group When the mainframe leaves the group it sends a message indi cating its purpose to the multicast router The multicast router will immediately query whether there are still group members running in the group If so the multicast router will continue to forward data If not it will not forward data any longer In the current actual applications there are two versions IGMP V1 and IGMP V2 IGMP V2 has more enhanced features than the IGMP V1 It finishes exchanging information between the mainframe and the routers by means of four types of messages 1 Group member query 2 V2 member report 3 Leave report 4 Vi member report Vi member report is used for the compatibility with the IGMP V1 Multicast Tree In a multicast communication router the possession of multicast source receiver and of multicast packet path is essential For path selection the most common method is to construct tree routes Tree route has the following two advantages 1 The packet reaches different receivers along branches in a par allel mode 66 Confidential and Proprietar
61. es Candidate BSR gt lt hash mask length gt lt priority gt The default priority of Candidate BSR is 0 Candidate BSR with higher priority becomes formal BSR Configure the Candidate RP In the PIM SM the RP is a root of the multicast RPT It is respon sible for sending the multicast packet to the receiving member of the group in the downstream along the tree Each multicast group has only one formal RP To configure the Candidate RP use the following command ZXR10 config router rp candidate lt jnterface name gt gr This configures the oup list lt ac number gt priority lt priority gt Candidate RP The default priority of the Candidate RP is 0 The candidate RP with greater priority value has smaller priority Switching Routers with Directly Connected Receivers Only the last hop DR and the RP can actively switch to the source shortest path tree By default start to switch the source shortest path tree when the RP receives the first registration information For the last hop DR configure the switch threshold strategy of the source shortest path tree with the unicast group as control gran Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 73 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH ularity If configuring the switch threshold with infinity switching does not occur By default switch must take place if traffic exists ZXR10 config router spt threshold infini
62. g IGMP Version cceeeeeee teense eens eee eeeeeeeaeaes 69 Configuring IGMP Version sceeeee eee ee teen eeeeeeeeeeeaees 69 Configuring an IGMP Group 70 Configuring IGMP Timer eee ee eee a 71 Configuring SSM MAapp Ng eee eee eee eee ee eee ee ees 72 Configuring BIM GM ENNER SEENEN NEEN ENEE tae ER cree 72 Booting PIM NM 72 Configuring Static RP Address ceceeeee eects teens eee ees 72 Configuring Candidate Bob settee ee ee eee ee eee ees 73 Configure the Candidate RP ccccccecceseeeeeeeeeaeeaeennenas 73 Switching Routers with Directly Connected Rewenig eg 73 Configuring the Area Border with the Interface PIM 74 Setting the RP to Filter the Received Register PACK Cb iris dg SEET eer EE dE EEN Qe ecu secbiv ees 74 Limiting the BSR Message to Advertise to the GandidatesR Precis ege e 74 Setting DR Priority uge ere EE 75 Setting the Sending Interval of the Hello Message 75 Limiting PIM SM Neiobbor eee eeeeeeeaeees 75 Configuring MeDb eect eens eee e eset ee eeeeenee tana 76 EnablingiMSDP acs aaea a aa ea aa aant 76 Configuring Default MSDP Beer 76 Configuring an Originating RP 76 Configuring the MSDP Peer as a Mesh Group lune EE 76 Clearing Statistics Counter for MSDP Peer 77 Clearing Statistics Counter for MSDP Peer 77 Clearing Statistics Counter for MSDP Peer 77 Clearing Statistics Counter for MSDP Peer 77 Clearing Statistics Counter for MSDP
63. g to the range discard the joining request Only receive the group 239 10 10 10 on the Vlanl interface ZXR10 config acl standard number 10 ZXR10 config std acl rule 1 permit 239 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 ZXR10 config std acl exit ZXR10 config interface vlan 1 ZXR10 config if vlanl ip igmp access group 10 2 To configure the group range permitting the IGMP to leave right away use the following command ZXR10 config if vlanx ip igmp immediate leave This configures the group range group list lt ac number gt permitting the IGMP to leave right away Upon receiving the message of the IGMP leaving or not re ceiving the Report message within last member query inter valx2 1 seconds then the group members leaves In the below configuration the group is permitted 239 10 10 10 to leave right away on the Vlanl interface ZXR10 config acl standard number 10 ZXR10 config std acl rule 1 permit 239 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 ZXR10 config std acl exit ZXR10 config interface vlan 1 ZXR10 config if vlanl ip igmp immediate leave group list 10 3 To configure the static group member on the IGMP interface use the following command 70 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZIEOS Chapter 6 Multicast Routing Configuration ZXR10 config if vlanx ip igmp static group lt group add This configures the static group ress gt member on the IGMP interface Above configuration statically binds the
64. group address to an interface Supposing there are always members of the group on the interface To configure the static group 239 10 10 10 on the Vlanl inter face is shown below ZXR10 config interface vlan 1 ZXR10 config if vlanl ip igmp static group 239 10 10 10 Configuring IGMP Timer IGMP boots on the multicast router interface that is connected with a shared network segment Select the optimum one as the Querier of the network segment which is responsible for sending the query message to obtain the information of the group members After sending query messages the Querier will wait for the mem ber report of the receiving mainframe for some time The duration is the Max Response Time value carried when sending query mes sages The default value is 10 seconds Upon receiving query messages the mainframe member on the network segment will reduce a random deviation value based on the maximum response time It will take the result as its own response time During this period the mainframe member will cancel the receiving reports of other mainframe If the mainframe report is not can celled then mainframe member will send the mainframe report at the right time Therefore prolonging the max response time will accordingly increase the waiting chances for the group member of the network segment The mainframe member will reduce the burst rate of multiple mainframe reports on the network segment ZXR10 config if vlanx ip
65. iews OSPF process detail ZXR10 Show ip ospf interface lt nterface name gt pr This checks the current ocess lt process id gt configuration and state of an OSPF interface zxR10 Show ip ospf neighbor interface lt inter This checks the information of face name gt neighbor id lt neighbor gt process OSPF neighbors lt process id gt zxR10 Show ip ospf database This displays all or part of the information of the link state database ZXR10 Show ip route ospf This displays router global routing table and views if OSPF route is in routing table zxR10 Show ip forwarding subnetrt lt ip address gt lt n This views driving hardware routing table and view if hardware routing table is same as global routing table ZXR10 5900 5200 also provides debug command for maintenance and diagnosis 1 zxR10 debug ip ospf adj This enables OSPF adjacency relationship debugging 30 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDY Chapter 3 OSPF Configuration ZXR10 debug ip ospf packet This enables OSPF packet transmission receipt debugging listen to receipt and transmission of all OSPF packets 3 zxR10 debug ip ospf Isa generation This enables OSPF LSA generation debugging 4 zxR10 debug ip ospf events This enables OSPF important events debugging Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 31 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This page i
66. ifferent Ass They will set up an EBGP session R1 advertises network 182 16 0 0 16 and R2 advertises network 182 17 0 0 16 The result is viewed as follows ZXR10_R1 config show ip route Pv4 Routing Table Dest Mask Gw Interface Owner D 0010 255 255 255 252 10 0 1 2 vlan8 direct 0 0 0 1 2 255 255 259 295 10 0 1 2 vlan8 address 0 Qele 0 255 255 255 0 ALO 2 vlan10 direct 0 0 1 1 2 295 259 299 259 10 1 1 2 vlan10 address 0 82 16 0 0 255 255 0 0 Se E sl vlan24 direct 0 82 16 1 1 255 255 255 255 182 16 1 1 vlan24 address 0 82 17 0 0 255 25900 10s Oe De vlan8 bgp 2 ZXR10_R2 config show ip route Pv4 Routing Table Dest Mask Gw Interface Owner p 0 0 1 0 2554255942554252 100 1 vlan8 direct 0 0 2 0 6 1 21 255 255 255 255 10 0 1 1 vlan8 address 0 O13 15 0 25572557295970 TOLLS vianl direct 0 Os deds3 255725572557259 1017153 vlan1 address 0 82 16 0 0 255 25500 R G vlan8 bgp 2 82 17 0 0 255 255 00 182 1751 1 vlan24 direct 0 KS ek ET Ee e Ee vlan24 address 0 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 47 K i 0 i Metric oooo coc EN metric ooo oo oo ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Configuring BGP Route Advertisement This advertises network directly connected to the current router ZXR10 config router redistribute lt protoco gt metric This redistributes the routes lt metric value gt route map lt map tag gt learnt by other routing protocol
67. ig router neighbor 2 2 2 1 remote as 200 setting BGP Route Dampening BGP provides a Route dampening mechanism to reduce the stabil ity caused by Route Flap Each time the flap occurs the route is given a penalty of 1000 Route will be suppressed to advertise when the Penalty reaches the Suppress limit Each time the half life time comes Penalty exponentially decreases The suppressed and advertised route will be cancelled when the Penalty decreases to the Reuse limit To make the BGP route damping effective or modify the BGP route damping factors perform the following steps 60 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION HIT Chapter 5 BGP Configuration ZXR10 config router bgp dampening lt hal f life gt lt r This makes the BGP route euse gt lt suppress gt lt max suppress time gt route map damping effective or modify the lt map tag gt Example BGP route damping factors Half life time the range is from 1 to 45min and the default value is 15min Reuse value the range from 1 to 20000 and the default value is 750 Suppress value the range from 1 to 20000 and the default value is 2000 Max suppress time the range from 1 to 255 four times half life time by default Boot the suppression function in the router ZXR10 config router bgp 100 ZXR10 config router bgp dampening ZXR10 config router network 203 250 15 0 255 255 255 0 ZXR10 config router neighbo
68. igmp query interval lt seco This configures IGMP query time interval ZXR10 config if vlanx ip igmp querier timeout lt s This configures the IGMP econds gt querier timeout length ZXR10 config if vlanx ip igmp query max respon This configures the maximum se time lt seconds gt response time value carried by query messages when the IGMP sends query messages ZXR10 config if vlanx ip igmp last member query This configures the query interval lt seconds gt interval of a specific group of the IGMP Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 71 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Configuring ssm mapping To configure ssm mapping and take received igmp v2 user as v3 user use the following command 1 ZXR10 config ip igmp Snooping ssm mapping This enables ssm mapping function globally 2 ZXR10 config ip igmp Snooping ssm mapping rule This configures ssm mapping lt group address gt lt source address gt rule 3 ZXR10 config ip igmp snooping clear ssm mapping This clears all configured ssm mapping rules Configuring PIM SM Booting PIM SM This boots PIM SM Configuring Static RP Address Configuration should be done of a static RP for a multiple specific groups and also configure same static RPs for the group on all PIM SM multicast routers in the multicast area Usually the loopback interface address is used to reduce the net work vibrat
69. ilter out type 5 LSAs to prevent them from being advertised to the stub area In addition the ABR will generate a type 3 LSA to advertise a default route to destination addresses outside the AS ABR also filters out the Type 3 LSAs and advertises a default route to destination addresses outside of the area this area is called totally stubby area Not So Stubby Area Routers in a stub area do not allow type 5 LSAs so the ASBR is not part of a stub area To create a stub area with ASBR routers in this area receive from the ASBR the routes outside of the AS but external routing information from other areas is blocked Not so stubby area NSSA allows external routes to be advertised into the OSPF autonomous system while retaining the character istics of a sub area to the rest of the autonomous system To do this the ASBR in an NSSA originates type 7 LSAs to advertise the external destinations These NSSA External LSAs are flooded throughout the NSSA but are blocked at the ABR On the other hand it converts type 7 LSAs into type 5 LSAs Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION HIT Chapter 3 OSPF Configuration OSPF Authentication Authentication applies to packet exchange between OSPF neigh bors Neighbors must agree on the authentication type which is included in all packets When simple password authentication is configured one interface can have only one password and each interface can have a differ
70. inks the user PC1 and the user PC2 can access each other 90 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZIEOS Chapter 7 Load Balance Configuration Load Balance Maintenance and Diagnosis To configure load balance maintenance and diagnosis use the fol lowing command ZXR10 Show ip route lt j p address gt lt net mask gt lt prot This configures load balance ocol gt maintenance and diagnosis This can be seen that seven paths reaching the destination net work segment 20 1 1 0 24 on RI when adopting static route load balance ZXR10 Rl show ip route 20 1 1 0 IPv4 Routing Table Dest Mask Gw Interface Owner pri metric SD 255 255 255 0 1107 1 11 wlan static 1 0 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 91 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This page is intentionally blank 92 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Figures Figure 1 STATIC ROUTE CONFIGURATION 2 Figure 2 STATIC ROUTE SUMMARY eee eee eee eee eee eneenaes 3 Figure 3 DEFAULT ROUTE CONFIGURATION ssssssssssseessrrrrrrrrres 4 Figure 4 BASIC RIP CONFIGURATION eae eneeaas 11 Figure 5 OSPF ROUTER TYPES ceceeee eee eee eee eee eeeenee aai 17 Figure 6 BASIC OSPF CONFIGURATION 23 Figure 7 MULTI AREA OSPF CONFIGURATION ccce 24 Figure 8 OSPF VIRTUAL LINK cceeeee eee teen eee eee nee nae enanaas 26 Figure 9 OSPF AUTHENTICATION sees eee eeee eee eaeenaeaas 27 Fig
71. ion ZXR10_R1 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R1 config if vlanl ip address 10 0 0 1 255 255 255 ZXR10_R1 config if vlan1 exit ZXR10 R1 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R1 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R2 config if vlanl ip address 10 0 0 2 255 255 255 ZXR10_R2 config if vlanl exit ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan2 ip address 10 0 1 1 255 255 255 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan2 exit ZXR10_R2 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R2 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 ZXR10_R2 config router network 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 ZXR10_R2 config router area 1 virtual link 10 0 1 2 R3 configuration ZXR10_R3 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R3 config if vlanl ip address 10 0 1 2 255 255 255 ZXR10_R3 config if vlanl exit ZXR10_R3 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R3 config if vlan2 ip address 10 0 2 1 255 255 255 ZXR10_R3 config if vlan2 exit ZXR10_R3 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R3 config router network 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 ZXR10_R3 config router network 10 0 2 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 ZXR10_R3 config router area 1 virtual link 10 0 0 2 The result is viewed as follows ZXR10_R2 config show ip ospf virtual links Virtual Link to router 10 0 1 2 is UP Up for 00 01 57 Demand circuit Suppress hello Transit area 0 0 0 1 via interface vlan8 10 0 1 1 State PTOP Transmit Delay sec 1
72. ion caused by the Up Down of a physical interface After the static RP is configured it is not necessary to configure the Candidate RP for the group To configure the static RP address use the following command ZXR10 config router Static rp lt ip address gt group list This configures static RP lt acl number gt priority lt priority gt address Example 1 This example shows configuration of static RP 10 1 1 1 for all groups ZXR10 config router static rp 10 1 1 1 2 Configuration of the static RP 10 1 1 1 for the group 239 132 10 100 is shown below ZXR10 config router static rp 10 1 1 1 group list 10 ZXR10 config router exit 72 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZIEOS Chapter 6 Multicast Routing Configuration ZXR10 config acl standard number 10 ZXR10 config std acl rule 1 permit 239 132 10 100 0 0 0 0 Configuring Candidate BSR If the static RP mechanism is not used then every multicast area must be configured with the Candidate BSR on more than one mul ticast routers A BSR should be selected The BSR sends booting messages to advertise RP information According to the latest ad vertising messages router running the PIM SM updates the RP state The bootstrap message send by the BSR is also used to se lect the formal BSR in the Candidate BSR To configure Candidate BSR use the following command ZXR10 config router bsr candidate lt jinterface name This configur
73. is adjusts timer for better RIP olddown gt lt flush gt performance Configuring RIP Neighbor ZXR10 config router neighbor lt p address gt This configures neighbor router which exchanges routing information with this router Configuring RIP Authentication To specify the type of authentication used in RIP Version 2 packets designate the key for interface simple text authentication use the following command ZXR10 config if vlanx ip rip authentication key This designates the key lt key gt for interface simple text authentication ZXR10 config if vlanx ip rip authentication mode This designates the text md5 authentication type for RIP packet Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 9 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH Configuring split horizon mechanism ZXR10 config if vlanx ip split horizon This enables the split horizon mechanism Configuring Poison Reverse Mechanism ZXR10 config if vlanx ip poison reverse This enables the poison reverse mechanism Redistributing a Route ZXR10 config router redistribute lt protoco gt metric This redistributes a route from lt metric value gt route map lt map tag gt another routing domain to trip routing domain Configuring RIP Version ZXR10 5900 5200 supports RIPvi and RIPv2 RIPv2 is adopts by default ZXR10 config router version 1 2 This designates the g
74. jacency level 1 level 2 This views the current adjacency show isis circuits detail This displays the information of the current IS IS interface show isis database level 1 level 2 detail This views the information of the current IS IS database show isis topology level 1 level 2 This shows the current IS IS topology ZXR10 Show ip route isis I1 isis 12 This views global routing table and check if IS IS route is in this route zxXR10 Show ip forwarding subnetrt lt p address gt lt _ This views driving hardware net mask gt routing table and check if hardware routing table is same as global routing table 42 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZIEOS Chapter 4 IS IS Configuration ZXR10 5900 5200 also provides debug command for maintenance and diagnosis ZxR10 debug isis adj packets This tracks and shows the received transmission of IS IS Hello packets ZxR10 debug isis snp packets This tracks and views the SNP packets which IS IS receives and sends and related handling event zxR10 debug isis spf events This tracks and views the debugging information of IS IS route calculation event zxR10 debug isis nsf event This tracks and views the debugging information of the IS IS LSP processing event Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 43 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This page is intentionally blank
75. l ip ospf authentication key ZXR10 ZXR10_ R2 config if vlanl exit ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan2 ip address 10 0 1 1 255 255 255 252 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 27 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH ZXR10_R2 config if vlan2 ip ospf message digest key 1 md5 ZXR10 ZXR10_R2 config if vlan2 exit ZXR10_R2 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R2 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 1 0 0 ZXR10_R2 config router network 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 ZXR10_R2 config router area 0 authentication ZXR10_R2 config router area 1 authentication message digest R3 configuration ZXR10_R3 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R3 config if vlanl ip address 10 0 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R3 config if vlanl ip ospf message digest key 1 md5 ZXR10 ZXR10_R3 config if vlanl exit ZXR10_R3 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R3 config router network 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 1 ZXR10_R3 config router area 1 authentication message digest The result is viewed as follows ZXR10_R1l config show ip ospf 1 OSPF 1 enable Router ID 10 1 1 1 Domain ID type 0x5 value 0 0 0 1 Enabled for 02 32 48 Debug on Number of areas 3 Normal 3 Stub 0 NSSA 0 Number of interfaces 1 Number of neighbors 1 Number of adjacent neighbors 1 Number of virtual links 0 Total number of entries in LSDB 11 Number of ASEs in LSDB 0 Checksum Sum 0
76. lates that the maximum hop count cannot go beyond 16 so RIP is only applicable to a small sized network Hop count 16 indicates the infinite distance and this means that the route is un reachable Besides this is a method for RIP to identify and avoid route loop RIP only takes the hop count as the metric and does not consider the bandwidth delay or other variable factors during the routing RIP always takes the path with the minimum hop count as the Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 7 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH 8 optimal path which sometimes results in that the selected path is not the best one Administrative Distance AD of RIP is 120 by default Smaller the AD value more reliable the routing source is Therefore compar ing with other routing protocols RIP is not so reliable RIP Timer The router running RIP sends a routing information update packet reflecting all the routing information of the router at intervals 30 seconds by default which is called the routing information an nouncement If a router cannot receive update information from another router within a period of time 180 seconds by default it will label the route provided by this router as unavailable If update information still cannot be received within the subsequent period of time 240 seconds the router eliminates the route from the routing table Holddown timer introduces a certain am
77. lobal RIP version of the router ZXR10 config if vlanx ip rip receive version This designates the RIP 1 2 1 2 version received by the interface ZXR10 config if vlanx ip rip send version 1 2 This designates the RIP broadcast multicast version sent by the interface RIP Configuration Example As shown in Figure 4 RIP runs on router R1 and router R2 10 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDY Chapter 2 RIP Configuration FIGURE 4 BASIC RIP CONFIGURATION 192 168 1 2 24 192 168 1 1 24 10 2 0 1 16 RI R2 R1 Configuration ZXR10_R1 config router rip ZXR10 R1 config router network 10 1 0 0 0 0 255 255 ZXR10_R1 config router network 192 168 1 0 0 0 0 255 ZXR10_R1 config router no auto summary R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config router rip ZXR10 R2 config router network 10 2 0 0 0 0 255 255 ZXR10_R2 config router network 192 168 1 0 0 0 0 255 ZXR10_R1 config router no auto summary The result is viewed as follows ZXR10_R2 config show ip rip database Routes of rip h is possibly down in holddown time f out holddown time before flush Dest Metric RtPrf Time From gt 10 2 0 0 16 0 0 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 gt 10 1 0 0 16 2 120 00 00 09 1 92 1 68 1 gt 192 168 1 0 24 0 0 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 RIP Maintenance and Diagnosis ZXR10 5900 5200 provides show command for RIP maintenance and diagnosis information zxR10 Show ip rip interface l
78. ls If the default route is configured for a router where an RIP runs the RIP will advertise the default route 0 0 0 0 0 to its neighbor and even route redistribution is not needed in the RIP domain For the OSPF protocol a router where the OSPF protocol runs will not inject the default route into its neighbor automatically For the OSPF to send the default route to the OSPF domain command no tifies default route must be used If it is necessary to redistribute the default route in the OSPF domain such an advertisement is normally implemented by an ASBR Autonomous System Border Router in the OSPF domain 4 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZIEOS Chapter 1 Static Route Configuration The default route configuration is completely the same as the static route configuration and the only difference is that the network part and subnet mask part are all 0 0 0 0 This can be seen in routing table of R2 ZXR10_R2 show ip route IPv4 Routing Table Dest Mask Gw Interface Owner pri metric 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 211 211 211 2 vlanl static 1 0 192 168 4 0 255 255 2550 192 168 4 2 vlan2 direct0 0 192 168 4 2 255 255 255 255 192 168 4 2 vlan2 address0 0 Static Route Maintenance and Diagnosis ZXR10 Show ip route lt p address gt lt net mask gt lt p This shows global routing rotocol gt table of the route and checks if there is any configured static route in the routing table zxR10 Show ip forwarding host
79. lt The path cost to a particular destination is the total cost of all links between the router and the destination To generate a routing table based on the LSA database a router runs the Dijkstra SPF algorithm to construct a cost routing tree with itself as the root of the routing tree The Dijkstra algorithm enables a router to calculate the lowest cost path between itself and any node on the network Router saves the routes of the paths in the routing table Different from RIP OSPF does not simply broadcast all of its routing information regularly An OSPF router sends call messages to its neighbors to let them know it is still alive If a router does not receive any message from a neighbor within a period of time then the neighbor might not be alive OSPF routing is incrementally updated Router sends the update information only when topology changes When the age of an LSA reaches 1800 seconds a new version of the LSA is resent OSPF Network Types Type of the network connecting to a port is used to determine the default OSPF behavior on that port The network type affects the adjacency relationship and how the router designates a timer to the port There are five network types in OSPF and they are as follows Broadcast Non broadcast Multi access NBMA networks Point to Point networks Point to multipoint networks Virtual links 14 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION HIT Chapter 3
80. map torouterl out ZXR10_R4 config router exit ZXR10_R4 config acl standard number 1 ZXR10_R4 config std acl rule 1 permit 172 16 10 0 0 0 0 255 ZXR10_R4 config std acl exit ZXR10_R4 config route map torouterl deny 10 ZXR10_R4 config route map match ip address 1 ZXR10_R4 config route map exit ZXR10 R4 config route map torouterl permit 20 R1 configuration ZXR10 R1 config route bgp 1 ZXR10_R1 config router no synchronization ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 172 16 1 2 remote as 1 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 172 16 1 2 next hop self ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 172 16 20 1 remote as 2 R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config ip route 183 16 0 0 255 255 0 0 172 16 20 2 ZXR10_R2 config route bgp 1 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 172 16 1 1 remote as 1 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 172 16 1 1 next hop self ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 183 16 20 2 remote as 3 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 183 16 20 2 ebgp multihop 2 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 183 16 20 2 route map torouter5 in ZXR10_R2 config router exit ZXR10_R2 config acl standard number 1 ZXR10_R2 config std acl rule 1 permit 155 16 10 0 0 0 0 255 ZXR10_R2 config std acl exit ZXR10_R2 config route map torouter5 deny 10 ZXR10_R2 config route map match ip address 1 ZXR10_R2 config route map exit ZXR10_R2 config route map torouter5 permit 20 R5 configuration ZXR10_R5 config ip route 173 16 0 0 255 255 0
81. mation on the Vlan1 inter face ZXR10 show ip igmp groups IGMP Connected Group Membership Group addr Interface Present Expire Last Reporter 2242021 21 vlan4 00 00 48 never 4 4 4 4 To view the BootStrap Router BSR information use the fol lowing command This shows BSR information ZXR10 show ip pim bsr BSR address 6 6 6 6 Uptime 00 00 11 BSR Priority 0 Hash mask length 30 Expires 00 00 49 This system is a candidate BSR candidate BSR address 6 6 6 6 priority 0 hash mask length 30 This System is Candidate_RP candidate RP address 6 6 6 6 vlan6 priority 192 To view the RP set information advertised by the BSP use the following command This shows the RP set information advertised by the BSR ZXR10 show ip pim rp mapping Group s 224 0 0 0 4 RP 5 5 5 6 static Priority 192 RP 6 6 6 6 v2 Priority 192 BSR 6 6 6 6 via bootstrap Uptime 00 00 14 expires 00 02 16 To show the RP information selected by the given multicast group use the following command ZXR10 Show ip pim rp hash lt group address gt This shows the RP information selected by the given multicast group This shows the RP information selected by the group 224 1 1 1 ZXR10 show ip pim rp ha 224 1 1 1 82 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZIEOS Chapter 6 Multicast Routing Configuration rp address 5 5 5 6 static 4 To view the configuration of the PIM SM interface use the fol lowing comman
82. n ZXR10 04 10 07 BGP 192 168 1 2 reset due to Erroneous BGP Open received 04 10 07 BGP 192 168 1 2 went from Connect to Idle 04 10 08 BGP 192 168 1 2 went from Idle to Connect 04 10 13 BGP 192 168 1 2 went from Connect to OpenSent 04 10 13 BGP 192 168 1 2 went from OpenSent to OpenConfirm 04 10 13 BGP 192 168 1 2 went from OpenConfirm to Established ZXR10 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 63 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This page is intentionally blank 64 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 6 Multicast Routing Configuration Table of Contents Muticast Overview cc socciesrars cunternndcaitarecerciddvendcateereevaiiecends 65 Configuring Public MUICASE geseet enee d AE EE 69 Configuring TGMP Version seernes aE 69 Configuring PIM SM eremo 72 Configuring MSOF EE 76 Conriguritig Al E EE 78 Configuring PIM SNOOPING EAR AE 78 Multicast Configuration EXAM pl gei dEEaeRREEEaTe AER EeEEA GE NEa EEN 78 Multicast Maintenance and Diagnose 80 Multicast Overview Multicast is a point to multipoint or multipoint to multipoint com munication mode Multiple receivers can synchronously receive the same message from one source The applications based on multicast include video conference distance learning and software distribution Multicast protocol consists of the group member management pro tocol and the multicast routi
83. n of the RP by three methods The first method is the manual static configuration RP running routers of the PIM SM The other two methods are dynamic They are determined according to the PIM SM version adopted by the network The PIM SM V 1 adopts the Auto RP whereas PIM SM V2 adopts Candidate RP advertising mode The Candidate RP with higher priority is the formal RP PIM SM V2 manually configures some routers running PIM SM as Candidate BSR BootStrap Router and selects the Candidate BSR as the formal BSR The BSR is responsible for collecting Candi date RP information of multicast routers If finding some Candi date RP the BSR advertises them to all PIM routers in the PIM area These PIM routers according to the similar Hash rules select one with higher priority as the formal RP from the same candi date RP set The candidate RP is manually configured The routers running PIM SM find them and maintain the adjacency by exchanging the Hello messages In the Multi access network the Hello message also contains the priority information of the router According to the parameter select the Designate Router DR Multicast source or the first hop router DR directly connected with the source encapsulates the packet in a registration message and sends it to the RP through the unicast router When receiving the registration message the RP decapsulates and takes out the packet and sends it to the receiver of the group along the RPT Each mainf
84. ng protocol The group member man agement protocol is applicable to management of the joining or leaving of multicast group members Multicast routing protocol is responsible for the establishment of a multicast tree by exchang ing information between routers Multicast routing protocol can be divided into the intra area multicast routing protocol and the inter area multicast routing protocol ZXR10 5900 5200 supports the following protocols IGMPInternet Group Management Protocol PIM SMProtocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode MSDPMulticast Source Discovery Protocol PIM DMProtocol Independent Multicast Dense Mode Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 65 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Multicast Address In a multicast network the sender sends a packet to multiple receivers in a multicast mode In this situation the sender is called the multicast source Multiple receivers for the same packet are identified by same ID This is called the multicast group address In the IP address allocation scheme class D IP address is 224 0 0 0 239 255 255 255 It is just a multicast address 224 0 0 0 224 0 0 255 and 239 0 0 0 239 255 255 255 are used for the purpose of research and management IGMP IGMP is a protocol that is used to help the multicast router to get information of multicast group members which are running be tween mainframe and multicast router Multicast rout
85. o routing loop The shortest path first SPF algo rithm ensures a loop free network Route aggregation decreases the routing table size Support of classless route table lookups Variable Length Sub net Mask VLSM and Classless Inter Domain Routing CIDR Less network bandwidth is needed because the adopted update trigger mechanism sends update information only when the network topology changes Support of authentication for more secure routing Update information can be multicasted instead of being broad casted which reduces the impact on irrelevant network de vices Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 13 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH OSPF Algorithm As OSPF is a link state protocol OSPF router generates a routing table by setting up a link state database which contains the infor mation of all networks and routers Routers use this information to establish routing tables To ensure reliability all routers must have the same link state database Link state database is built based on Link State Advertisements LSAs which are generated by all routers and spread over the whole OSPF network There are many types of LSAs a complete LSA set shows an accurate distribution diagram over the whole network OSPF uses cost as the metric The cost is distributed to each port of a router A port calculates the cost that is based on a 100M benchmark by defau
86. ount of skepticism to reduce the acceptance of bad routing information If the distance to a destination increases for example the hop count increases from two to four the router sets a holddown timer for that route Until the timer expires the router will not accept any new updates for the route RIP provides four timers Update timer Invalid timer Holddown timer Flush timer Route Updates RIP sends routing update messages at regular intervals and when network topology changes When a router receives a routing up date that includes changes to an entry it updates its routing table to reflect the new route The metric value for path is increased by 1 and the sender is indicated as the next hop RIP routers only maintain best route the route with the lowest metric value to a destination After updating its routing table router immediately transmits rout ing updates to inform other network routers of the change These updates are sent independently of the regularly scheduled updates that RIP routers send Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDY Chapter 2 RIP Configuration Configuring RIP Enabling RIP ZXR10 ZXR10 config router rip This enables RIP 2 ZXR10 config router network lt jip address gt lt net ma_ This associates a network sk gt with RIP routing process Adjusting RIP Timer ZXR10 config router timers basic lt update gt lt invalid gt lt h Th
87. r 192 208 10 5 remote as 300 BGP Configuration Example The following is a BGP comprehensive example It involves the actual applications of such BGP functions as route aggregation and static route redistribution This is shown in Figure 23 R4 establishes the EBGP with the R1 R1 establishes the IBGP with R2 R2 establishes the multi hop EBGP with tR5 Suppose that R4 has four static routes marked at the top right corner of the Figure 23 In R4 configuration only aggregate and advertise the network segment 192 16 0 0 16 and forbid adver tising the network segment 170 16 10 0 24 outside by the BGP through the route figure EBGP multi hop relationship is established between R2 and R5 through R3 At the moment ensure that the addresses on which to establish adjacency can be interconnected in the two routers This is shown in Figure 23 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 61 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH FIGURE 23 BGP CONFIGURATION Static route 155 16 10 0 24 92 16 21 0 24 172 16 1 2 16 bung 192 16 20 0 24 ee 1192 16 22 0 24 172 16 1 1 16 170 16 10 0 24 R4 configuration ZXR10_R4 config route bgp 2 ZXR10_R4 config router redistribute static ZXR10_R4 config router neighbor 172 16 20 2 remote as 1 ZXR10_R4 config router aggregate address 192 16 0 0 255 255 0 0 count 0 as set summary only ZXR10_R4 config router neighbor 172 16 20 2 route
88. rame acting as the receiver joins the multicast group through the member report message of the IGMP The last hop router or the DR in the multi access network sends the received joining message to the RP for registration level by level Interme diary router checks whether to have the router of the group after receiving the joining message If so the intermediary router adds the request router of the downstream to the RPT as a branch If not it continues to send the joining message to the RP When the RP or the multicast router is directly connected with the receiver they can switch to the source based shortest path tree from the RPT When the RP receives registration messages sent from a new multicast source the RP returns a joining message to the DR directly connected with the multicast source Thus the shortest path tree from the source to the RP is established A DR or router directly connected with the multicast members receives the first multicast packet from the multicast or the re ceived packet reaches a threshold They can switch to the source based shortest path tree from the RPT Once switchover occurs the router will send a prune message to the neighbor of the up stream and require leaving the RPT MSDP MSDP is a mechanism that allows RPs in each PIM SM domain to share information about active sources Each RP knows the re ceivers within the local domain When RPs has learned informa tion about active sources in remot
89. re only responsible for maintaining the link state database in the local area to reduce the traffic of the routers themselves IS IS areas are classified into backbone areas and non backbone areas Routers in the backbone area have the information about the database of the entire network Routers in a non backbone area only have information about the area Based on the area division IS IS defines three types of routers Level 1 router exists in a non backbone area and only ex changes routing information with L1 router and L1 L2 router in the area Level 2 router exists in the backbone area and exchanges rout ing information with other L2 routers and L1 L2 routers Level 1 Level 2 routers exist in a non backbone area and ex changes routing information between non backbone area and the backbone area This IS Is area division and router types are shown in Figure 10 34 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION HIT Chapter 4 IS IS Configuration FIGURE 10 IS IS AREAS I L2 L1 L2 y Se Area 10 U7 Area 30 Sa Ul a LI 7 N 4 b e SS IS IS Network Type There are two network types in IS IS broadcast network and point to point network which make IS IS easy for configuration and implementation DIS and Router Priority In a broadcast network IS IS protocol is similar to OSPF protocol and uses designated router DIS that is Designated Intermedia
90. registration information to the RP In the shared network segment connected with the receiver only the DR can respond to the joining and leaving messages of the IGMP and sends the PIM joining prune message to the upstream The priority of the router is contained in the exchanging Hello mes sage with the neighbor The default value is 0 Setting the Sending Interval of the Hello Message ZXR10 config if vlanx ip pim query interval lt seconds gt This sets the sending interval of the Hello message Limiting PIM SM Neighbor ZXR10 config if vlanx ip pim neighbor filter This limits some routers to be lt acl number gt PIM neighbor Example This example shows that the router 10 1 1 1 is limited to be the PIM neighbors on the interface Vlan1 ZXR1O ZXR1O ZXR10 ZXR10 ZXR1O ZXR1O config acl standard number 10 config std acl rule 1 deny 10 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 config std acl rule 2 permit any config router exit config interface vlan 1 config if vlanl ip pim neighbor filter 10 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 75 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Configuring MSDP Enabling MSDP ZXR10 config ip msdp peer lt peer address gt This configures an MSDP peer connect source lt jinterface name gt and enables MSDP Configuring Default MSDP Peer ZXR10 config ip msdp default peer lt peer address gt list This configures default MSDP lt
91. rt lt ip address gt This views hardware routing subnetrt lt ip address gt lt net mask gt summary table and checks host route and subnet route of specific IP address and statistics of subnet route entry and all hosts Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 5 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This page is intentionally blank 6 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 2 RIP Configuration Table of Contents RIP rE ed Ehe GES 7 EICHER PLP 2 20 Ee AE EE EE 9 RIP Configuration Example cesuren aaa 10 RIP Maintenance and Diagnosis gent Sg Edge ek rg gege 11 RIP Overview RIP Basics RIP is a relatively old but still commonly used interior gateway protocol created for use in small homogeneous networks It is a classical distance vector routing protocol RIP is documented in RFC 1058 RIPv2 is defined by RFC2453 ZXR10 5900 5200 supports RIPvi and RIPv2 and adopts RIPv2 by default Comparing with RIPvi RIPv2 has the following advan tages Subnet mask contained in the routing update Authentication of the routing update Multicast route update RIP Routing Metric RIP uses the UDP packet port number 520 to exchange RIP rout ing information Routing information in the RIP packet includes the number of routers that a route passes that is hops Router determines the route to the destination network according to hops RFC stipu
92. s 100 R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 3 3 3 3 remote as 100 When a route is received by the RR the RR reflects according to types of different peers 1 If a route comes from non client peers it is reflected to all client peers 2 If a route comes from client peers it is reflected to all non client peers and client peers 3 If a route comes from the EBGP peer it is reflected to all non client peers and client peers When there are multiple RRs inside an AS multiple RRs inside an AS are classified as a cluster There may be multiple clusters inside one AS A cluster contains more than one RR Setting BGP Confederation Route confederation has the same function as router reflector The purpose is to reduce the number of IBGP connection neighbors established inside the same AS Route confederation divides an AS into multiple sub Ass Multiple IBGP routers inside AS be longs respectively to the sub Ass IBGP is established inside the sub AS EBGP is established between sub ASs The sub AS num ber is called confederation number For AS outside the sub AS is invisible ZXR10 config router bgp confederation identifier This sets the confederation lt value gt Example ID ZXR10 config router bgp confederation peers This sets the confederation lt value gt lt value gt peer AS number AS200 has five BGP routers Divide them into two sub ASs One
93. s intentionally blank 32 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 4 IS IS Configuration Table of Contents EENHEETEN 33 ele UIE Lia EE 36 IS 15 Configuration Etgen 38 IS IS Maintenance and Diat nOsS vu s egegbt denge eh eege gg ege 42 IS IS Overview IS IS Overview Intermediate System to Intermediate System IS IS is a routing protocol that is introduced by the International Organization for Standardization ISO for Connectionless Network Service CLNS IS IS works on the network layer of the Open Systems Intercon nection OSI When IS IS is expanded and added with the func tion to support IP routing it becomes Integrated IS IS IS IS in troduced in this document refers to Integrated IS IS IS IS is widely used as an Interior Gateway Protocol IGP on net works On the surface OSPF and IS IS have many features in common They both maintain a link state database from which a Dijkstra based SPF algorithm computers a shortest path tree They both use Hello packets to form and maintain adjacencies They both use areas to form a two level hierarchical topology They both have the capability of providing address summariza tion between areas They both are classless protocols They both have authentication capabilities Since the IS IS protocol is based on CLNS not IP IS IS uses Protocol Data Unit PDU defined by ISO to implement communi cations among routers The t
94. s the multicast reverse path forwarding message 4 To view the PIM SM multicast routing table use the following command ZXR10 config show ip pimsm mroute group This views the PIM SM multicast lt group address gt source lt source address gt summary routing table Viewing IGMP 1 To view the IGMP configuration on the interface use the fol Information lowing command Commands zxR10 Show ip igmp interface lt interface name gt This views the IGMP configuration on the interface This shows the IGMP configuration information of the Vlan4 interface ZXR10 show ip Lomp interface vlan4 vian4 nternet address is 4 4 4 4 subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 GMP is enabled on interface Current IGMP version is 2 GMP query interval is 125 seconds GMP last member query interval is 1 seconds GMP query max response time is 10 seconds GMP querier timeout period is 251 seconds GMP querier is 4 4 4 4 never expire nbound IGMP access group is not set GMP immediate leave control is not set 2 To view the joining information of the IGMP group on the in terface use the following command Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 81 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH zxR10 Show ip igmp groups lt nterface name gt This views the joining information of the IGMP group on the interface Viewing PIM SM 1 Information Commands This shows the group member infor
95. s to BGP Example Figure 14 shows an example of advertising routes to BGP by re distribution FIGURE 14 BGP ROUTE ADVERTISEMENT RI 175 220 0 0 24 R3 configuration ZXR10 R3 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R3 config router network 175 220 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 ZXR10 R3 config router bgp 200 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 1 1 1 1 remote as 300 ZXR10_R3 config router redistribute ospf Configuring BGP Aggregate Advertisement This section describes that BGP can aggregate multiple learnt routes to one route and advertise it These entries in a routing table can be significantly reduced 48 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION HIT Chapter 5 BGP Configuration ZXR10 config router aggregate address lt jp address This creates an aggregate policy gt lt net mask gt count lt count gt as set sSummary onl in the BGP routing table y strict Example Ri and R2 advertise routes 170 20 0 0 16 and 170 10 0 0 16 re spectively R3 aggregates the two routes into 170 0 0 0 8 and advertises it to R4 After route aggregate is configured R4 s routing table can only learn the aggregate route 170 0 0 0 8 This is shown in Figure 3 FIGURE 15 BGP AGGREGATE ADVERTISEMENT AS100 AS200 170 20 0 0 16 170 10 0 0 16 R1 configuration ZXR10_R1 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R1 config if vlanl ip address 2 2 2 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1 config if vlanl exit ZXR10_R1l config ro
96. st Configuring OSPF Area OSPF uses area to implement the hierarchical routing OSPF areas are divided into stub area totally stubby area and not so stubby area Backbone area is a transitional area ZXR10 config router area lt area id gt stub This defines an area as a stub no summary default cost lt cost gt area or totally stubby area ZXR10 config router area lt area id gt nssa This defines an area as a no redistribution default information originate not so stubby area metric lt metric value gt metric type lt type gt no redistribution no summary no summary Configuring Inter Area Route Aggregation Route aggregation can occur between areas or autonomous sys tems AS Inter area route aggregation takes place on the ABR whereas inter AS route aggregation happens on the ASBR 20 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDY Chapter 3 OSPF Configuration Configuring a stub area can save resources on routers in the stub area but it does not help the backbone area If network addresses in an area are allocated in sequence config ure ABR to advertise an aggregate route to replace the sequential routes Route aggregation can save resources in the backbone area by advertising a summary address for a group of network addresses ZXR10 config router area lt area id gt range This configures the range of lt ip address gt lt net mask gt advertise not a
97. st protocol and forwards the multicast data as well as reduces network traffic Configuring Public Multicast ZXR10 config ip multicast routing This boots the IP multicast route 2 ZxXR10 Clear ip mroute group address lt group addr This deletes the IP multicast ess gt source address lt source address gt routing table Configuring IGMP Version ZXR10 5900 5200 IGMP function is based on PIM interface All interfaces enabling PIM enables IGMP function automatically Configuring IGMP Version At present the IGMP has the V1 and the V2 Default value is V2 For security a router requires router requires the Network Element Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 69 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH NE in the same network segment to be the IGMP V1 or the IGMP V2 For the configuration of IGMP version number of the interface use the following command ZXR10 config if vlanx ip igmp version lt version gt Configuring an IGMP Group 1 To configure group range that allows IGMP to join use the following command ZXR10 config if vlanx ip igmp access group lt acl numb This configures group range that er gt allows IGMP to join This example shows running of IGMP on the interface The in terface receives all multicast groups by default and sets the receiving group range on the interface When the joining re quest from the mainframe does not belon
98. t interface name gt This shows rip routing interface and its parameters information ZXR10 Show ip rip database This displays the entire routing entry database ZXR10 Show ip rip networks This displays all the RIP interfaces configured by users Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 11 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH zxR10 Show ip route lt p address gt lt net mask gt rip This displays global routing table and if RIP is in the routing table zXR10 Show ip forwarding subnetrt lt ip address gt lt n This displays driving hardware et mask gt routing table and if hardware routing table is same as global routing table ZXR10 5900 5200 also provides debug command for RIP mainte nance and diagnosis This traces the basic RIP sending and receiving packet This traces the change process of the RIP routing table This example shows a debug output example of the debug ip rip command ZXR10 debug ip rip RIP protocol debugging is on ZXR10 11 01 28 RIP building update entries 130 1 0 0 16 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 130 1 1 0 24 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 177 0 0 0 9 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 193 1 168 0 24 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 97 1 0 0 16 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 99 2 0 0 16 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 202 119 8 0 24 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 11 01 28 RIP sending v2 periodic update to 224 0 0 9 via vlan10O 193 1 1 111 30 1 0
99. tance metric gt in ip route com mand can be used to change the administrative distance value of a static route Assume that there are two different routes from R1 to 192 168 6 0 24 network segment and the configuration is as follows ZXR10_Rl config ip route 192 168 6 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 4 2 ZXR10_Rl config ip route 192 168 6 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 3 2 25 tag 150 2 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION HIT Chapter 1 Static Route Configuration The above two commands configure two different static routes to the same network The first command does not configure admin istrative distance value so default value 1 is applied The second command configures the administrative distance value to be 25 The administrative distance value of the first route is smaller than that of the second one so only the information of the first route is available in the routing table That is to say the router reaches the destination network 192 168 6 0 24 through next hop 192 168 4 2 The second route will be available in the routing table only when the first route becomes invalid and disappears from the routing table Static Route Summary Example Static route is a special static route which summaries two or more specific route expressions into one expression thus reducing en tries of the routing table while keeping all of the original connec tions Summary static route detail is given in Figure 2 FIGURE 2 STATIC
100. tatie EE 1 Static Route Configuration Example ege vgkaggdEa eege NN ENNEN 2 Static Route Maintenance and Diagnose 5 Static Route Overview Static routes are user defined routes that cause packets moving between a source and a destination to take a specified path They are useful for specifying a gateway of last resort to which all un routable packets will be sent The static route unlike a dynamic route does not set up the routing table based on routing algo rithm When configuring dynamic route sometimes it is neces sary to send routing information of the entire Internet to a router which is hard to bear such great amount of information In this cast it is necessary to use static route The static route requires fewer configurations than the dynamic route In a routing environment with many routers and paths however it is very difficult to configure the static route Configuring Static Route ZXR10 config ip route lt prefix gt lt net mask gt lt forwarding This configures static route router s address gt lt interface name gt global lt distance m etric gt tag lt tag gt Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 1 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH Static Route Configuration Example Static Route Configuration Example A simple network with three routers connected is shown in Figure Figure 70 FIGURE 1 STATIC ROUTE CONFIGURATION 192 168 3 1 2
101. te System The DIS is responsible for advertising network infor mation to all routers on the broadcast network and meanwhile all other routers only advertise one adjacency to the DIS The router priority parameters can be IS IS configured for DIS election L1 and L2 can be independently IS IS configured with different priorities Upon DIS election a highest priority router plays the role of DIS If priorities are same for a frame relay interface a router with higher router ID will be elected as the DIS While for an Ethernet interface a router with higher interface MAC value will be elected as the DIS Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 35 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Configuring IS IS Enabling IS IS ZXR10 config router isis This enables the IS IS routing process Configuring IS IS Global Parameters IS IS parameter configuration covers global parameters and inter face parameters IS IS global parameters need to be configured in the IS IS route mode 1 To define the operation type use the following command ZXR10 config router is type level 1 level 1 2 level This defines the operation type 2 only 2 To define PSNP Sequence Number PDU for point to point net works use the following command ZXR10 config if vlanx isis psnp interval lt jnterva gt l This defines PSNP Sequence evel 1 level 2 Number PDU for point to point networks
102. te as 100 50 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION HIT Chapter 5 BGP Configuration Filtering Routes by Router Route filtering and attributes are the basis of BGP decision Route filtering allows controlling the attributes of the imported and ex ported routes based on needs Route map is used to control the routing information and redis tribute routes between areas by defining conditions Route map usually works with route attributes to allow making decisions on routes ZXR10 config route map lt map tag gt permit den This defines a route map y lt sequence number gt ZXR10 config router neighbor lt p address gt This filters the routes route map lt map tag gt in out advertised or being advertised to neighbors Example Example To configure routes filtering by routers an example is given below ZXR10_R1 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 182 17 20 1 remote as 200 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 182 17 20 1 route map MAP1 out ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 182 17 20 1 send med ZXR10_R1 config router exit ZXR10_R1 config route map MAP1 permit 10 ZXR10_R1 config route map match ip address 1 ZXR10_R1 config route map set metric 5 ZXR10_R1 config route map exit ZXR10_R1l config acl standard number 1 ZXR10 R1 config std acl rule 1 permit 172 3 0 0 0 0 255 255 MAP1 is a router defined in above example Its route map allows
103. te re transmit list of neighbor routers When LSU packets are multicas ted the neighbor routers that do not support the function receive the LSAs passively and simply discard them ZXR10 config router capability opaque This enables routes to support opaque LSAs 22 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION HIT Chapter 3 OSPF Configuration Modifying OSPF Management Distance Management distance is related to the reliability of the routing in formation source Management distance is an integer between 0 and 255 Higher value represents lower reliability If the manage ment distance is 255 the routing information source is unreliable and the related routes will be ignored ZXR10 config router distance ospf internal This defines the OSPF route lt distance gt ext1 lt distance gt ext2 lt distance gt management distance based on the route type OSPF Configuration Example Basic OSPF Configuration Example Run OSPF on R1 and R2 Divide the network into three areas This is shown in Figure 6 FIGURE 6 BASIC OSPF CONFIGURATION Arat Nn emm Ze 192 168 1 4 192 168 1 1 24 TT R1 R2 Area 23 Area 24 E R1 configuration ZXR10_R1 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R1 config router network 192 168 2 0 0 0 0 255 area 23 ZXR10_R1 config router network 192 168 1 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R2 config router network 19
104. tenance and Diagnosls eee ee ees 42 BGP Configuration sssssssssssssunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 4D BGP NEE 45 Configuring BGP EE 46 Enabling BGP tee AE NEE dl a EE 46 Configuring BGP Route Advertisement sssscccerrrerrrer 48 Configuring BGP Aggregate Advertisement eccess 48 Configuring Multihop in EBGP ceceeeeee esse teeter eens 50 Filtering Routes by Router eee e este eee eeeeeeeaeees 51 Filtering Routes UsingoNUbRl eee ee eee ee eee eees 51 Filtering Route Based on AS_PATH ccceceeeeeeeeee eee eenees 52 Setting LOCAL_PREF Attribute cccceceeeeeee esses eneenes 53 Setting MED Attribute necir ccc ENNEN deg eres NENNEN EE eet 54 Setting Community Attribute cece eee eect eee teeta ees 56 Setting BGP Synchronization cceeeeeeee scene eee ee eee ees 56 Setting BGP Router Reflector 58 Setting BGP Contederation teen eeeeeeeeeeeeees 59 Setting BGP Route DaMpening cccccceeeeee eee eee eee eeee aes 60 BGP Configuration Example eee ee eee e eens eeeeeeeeees 61 BGP Maintenance and Diagnose sceeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee ees 63 Multicast Routing Configuration ccssseessee02265 Multicast OVErVieW cceeeeeeee ee eee eens eee eee ee ease ee neta e ee enaeas 65 Multicast Address secs cic ed ARE dE EEN REENEN EE ANEN Ne 66 ET 66 MUIEICASE Le 66 PIM SM E 67 0 RI 68 PIM SNOOPING E 69 Configuring Public Multicast ceccieeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee teenies 69 Configurin
105. the subject matter of this document Except as expressly provided in any written license between ZTE CORPORATION and its licensee the user of this document shall not acquire any license to the subject matter herein ZTE CORPORATION reserves the right to upgrade or make technical change to this product without further notice Users may visit ZTE technical support website http ensupport zte com cn to inquire related information The ultimate right to interpret this product resides in ZTE CORPORATION Revision History Revision No Revision Date Revision Reason R1 2 20091015 Edtion update Serial Number sjzl20095128 About This Manual eseu e ee EEN E enen l Static Route Configuration ees KN KK e ene L Static Route Overvlew s sssisrsrinntnnnaAAAARARAANANAAANANAANAANRNARARARAA 1 Configuring Static Route 1 Static Route Configuration Example ccceeeeeeeeeee nena ees 2 Static Route Configuration Example 2 Static Route Summary Example 3 Default Route Configuration Example cccceseeseeeeeeaees 4 Static Route Maintenance and Diagnose 5 RIP Configuration E RIP OVERVIGW roime oan an both cae oh vel E oe wads dete at eee wall 7 RIP Eelere 7 RIP Routing MetriC 2egugggEge d ersin EA 7 RIP ln EE 8 Route Updates wcccccececseisreiceesieees ENNEN NR ENEN ENNEN E NEEN 8 C nfiguking A RE 9 Enabling RIP ic seivesesssdvseeecvas iss eesedivsedsiseevaaies tasaene cae gene 9 Adjusting RIP Timer estes eens eee eee eeee
106. ty group list This switches routers with lt access list number gt directly connected receivers from SPT tree to the RPT Configuring the Area Border with the Interface PIM ZXR10 config if vlanx ip pim bsr border This configures the area border with the interface PIM Bootstrap data packets cannot pass the border in any direction The command effectively divides a network into different BSR ar eas Other PIM packets can pass the area border Setting the RP to Filter the Received Register Packet ZXR10 config router accept register lt ac number gt This sets the RP to filter the received Register packet Limiting the BSR Message to Advertise to the Candidate RP To limit the BSR message to advertise to the Candidate RP use the following command ZXR10 config router accept rp lt ac number gt This limits the BSR message to advertise to the Candidate RP 74 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZIEOS Chapter 6 Multicast Routing Configuration Setting DR Priority ZXR10 config if vlanx ip pim dr priority lt priority gt This sets the DR priority It is necessary to select a DR in a shared or Multi Access network segment Router with the highest priority will win the selection If the priorities are similar the router with the greatest IP address will be selected In the shared network segment connected with the multicast data source only the DR can send the
107. up adjacency relationship Routers analyze the Hello Packets from each other when they be come neighbors to make sure the required parameters are stipu lated Parameters include area ID area flag authentication infor mation HelloInterval and RouterDeadInterval Adjacency and Designated Routers Two routers when set up adjacency relationship They can ex change routing information Whether two routers can set up an adjacency relationship depends on the type of the network con necting the routers There are only two routers in point to point network and virtual links Routers set up an adjacency relationship automatically The point to multipoint network can be regarded as a set of point to point networks Each pair of routers set up an adjacency relation ship automatically Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 15 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Neighbors do not necessarily have the adjacency relationship on broadcast and NBMA networks If all routers the number is n on a network have set up the adjacency relationship each router has n 1 adjacency relationships and there are n n 1 2 adja cency relationships on the network Tracking so many adjacency relationships on a large multi access network will impose a heavy burden on each router Routing information between each pair of neighbor routers will waste a great deal of network bandwidth OSPF defines a Designated
108. ure 10 IS IS AREAS EE 35 Figure 11 SINGLE AREA CONFIGURATION 38 Figure 12 MULTIPLE AREA IS IS CONFIGURATION sac 40 Figure 13 BASIC BGP CONFIGURATION eee eeeeaas 47 Figure 14 BGP ROUTE ADVER ISEMENT eea 48 Figure 15 BGP AGGREGATE ADVERTIGEMENT scccccccr 49 Figure 16 CONFIGURATION OF BGP MULTIHOP ccce 50 Figure 17 FILTERING ROUTES USING NLRI eee eees 52 Figure 18 LOCAL_PREF ATTRIBUTE ssssssssssssrrrrrrrsssrnsrrrrrrrrrens 53 Figure 19 MED ATTRIBUTE cee e eee eee eee ene e eae awan 55 Figure 20 BGP SYNCHRONIZATION CONFTIGURATION 57 Figure 21 BGP ROUTER REFLECTOR CONFIGURATION ecse 58 Figure 22 BGP CONFEDERATION CONFIGURATION nsc 60 Figure 23 BGP CONFIGURATION eee e eee eee eee eeee eae enaeias 62 Figure 24 MULTICAST CONEIGURATION eee eeaeaas 79 Figure 25 LOAD BALANCE CONFIGURATION nsccccccccererc 88 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 93 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This page is intentionally blank 94 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Tables Table 1 CHAPTER SUMMARY AN i Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 95 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This page is intentionally blank 96 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Glossary ASBR Autonomous System Border Router BDR Backup Designate Router ABR Area Border Router DIS Designate ISIS CLNS Connection
109. uter bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router network 170 20 0 0 255 255 0 0 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 2 2 2 1 remote as 300 R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 config interface vlanl config if vlanl ip address 3 3 3 3 255 255 255 0 config if vlanl exit config router bgp 200 config router network 170 10 0 0 255 255 0 0 config router neighbor 3 3 3 1 remote as 300 R3 configuration ZXR10_R3 config interface vlanl ZXR10 R3 config if vlanl ip address 2 2 2 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR 0 R3 config if vlanl exit ZXR10_R3 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R3 config if vlan2 ip address 3 3 3 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10 R3 config if vlan2 exit ZXR10_R3 config interface vlan3 ZXR10 R3 config if vlan3 ip address 4 4 4 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R3 config if vlan3 exit ZXR10_R3 config router bgp 300 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 2 2 2 2 remote as 100 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 3 3 3 3 remote as 200 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 4 4 4 4 remote as 400 ZXR10_R3 config router aggregate address 170 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 49 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH summary only count 0 R3 learns both routes 170 20 0 0 and 170 10 0 0 but it only ad vertises the aggregate route 170 0 0 0 8 Pay attention to the pa rameter summary only in the command Without that parameter R3 will a
110. uting information through route redistribution In OSPF the routing information of other routing protocols is the external routing information of an AS Only when the AS s external routing information is redistributed to OSPF then it can spread it to the whole OSPF network ZXR10 config router redistribute lt protoco gt as lt as nu This control the redistribution of mber gt peer lt peer address gt tag lt tag va lue gt metric routes of other routing protocols lt metric value gt metric type lt type gt route map to the OSPF lt map tag gt Configuring OSPF Authentication In order to improve the security of routing processes OSPF au thentication can be configured on router 1 ZXR10 config router area lt area id gt authentication This performs authentication message digest on the OSPF area lt password gt interface of simple password authentication ZXR10 config if vlanx ip ospf authentication key This sets a password for the Enabling Routes to Support Opaque LSA During the exchange of link state database opaque LSAs are in cluded in the database summary list and transmitted to the neigh bor routers that also support opaque LSAs A router before it floods opaque LSAs to neighbor routers It first checks whether the neighbor routers support opaque LSAs or not Opaque LSAs are transmitted only to the neighbor routers that support the function and they will be added to the link sta
111. ve routing table information for the entire internet work These default routes can be passed along dynamically and can be con figured into individual routers Most dynamic interior routing protocols include a mechanism for causing a smart router to generate dynamic default information that is then passed along to other routers If a router cannot route a packet the packet has to be dropped However it is not hoped that the packet is dropped in an un known destination To support complete connection of the router it should have a route connected to a network If the router wants to keep complete connection and meanwhile does not need to record each independent route the default route can be used By use of the default route an independent route can be designated to indicate all the other routes An example is given in the following to describe the functions and use of the default route FIGURE 3 DEFAULT ROUTE CONFIGURATION Ee 2 168 4 2 2 211 211 2 2 92 168 4 1 11 211 211 1 As shown in Figure 3 R2 is connected to router R3 in the Inter net R2 does not record the addresses of all the networks on the Internet It uses a default route to directly send unknown packets to R3 for proper processing The configuration of the default route in R2 is as follows ZXR10_R2 config ip route 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 211 211 211 2 When the default route is used in routing protocol configuration the default route varies with the routing protoco
112. with the destination of 170 10 0 0 smoothly passes R5 and reaches R3 Therefore route redistribution should be used to help R5 learn the route through IGP R2 must wait for R2 to learn route by means of the IGP through R5 before it advertises BGP route to EBGP neighbor This is called the route synchronization Synchronize both the BGP and the IGP with the synchronization command ZXR10 5900 5200 has booting as its synchronization function by default For the transitional AS the route learned from other AS should be advertised to the third party AS If the non BGP route exists inside the AS the route synchronization should be used Here R2 adopts route synchronization It is unnecessary to use route synchronization when not advertis ing the BGP route to the third party AS or when the routers inside the As run the BGP The following configuration shows how to disable the R2 route syn chronization ZXR10_R2 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R2 config router network 150 10 0 0 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 1 1 1 2 remote as 400 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 3 3 3 1 remote as 100 ZXR10_R2 config router no synchronization Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 57 58 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Setting BGP Router Reflector For the BGP routers inside the same AS the adjacency must be established between every two routers according to requirements
113. x00000000 Number of grace LSAs 0 Number of new LSAs received 16 Number of self originated LSAs 112 Hold time between consecutive SPF 1 secs Non stop Forwarding disabled last NSF restart 02 39 27 ago took 0 secs Area 0 0 0 0 enable Demand circuit available Enabled for 02 31 56 Area has simple password authentication Times spf has been run 22 Number of interfaces 1 Up 1 Number of ASBR local to this area 0 Number of ABR local to this area 2 Total number of intra inter entries in LSDB 4 Checksum Sum 0x00028590 Area filter out not set Area filter in not set Area ranges count 0 Area 0 0 0 1 enable Demand circuit available Enabled for 01 29 29 Area has no authentication Times spf has been run 27 Number of interfaces 0 Up 0 Number of ASBR local to this area 0 Number of ABR local to this area 1 Total number of intra inter entries in LSDB 4 Checksum Sum 0x0002a5be Area filter out not set Area filter in not set Area ranges count 0 Area 0 0 0 23 enable Demand circuit available Enabled for 02 32 28 Area has no authentication Times spf has been run 45 Number of interfaces 0 Up 0 Number of ASBR local to this area 0 Number of ABR local to this area 1 Total number of intra inter entries in LSDB 3 Checksum Sum 0x0001cf91 Area filter out not set Area filter in not set Area ranges count 0 28 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTE Chapter 3 OSPF Configuration ZXR10_R2 config show ip ospf 1 OSPF 1
114. y Information of ZTE CORPORATION HIT Chapter 6 Multicast Routing Configuration 2 The packet copy only occurs in the branch position which makes the sent packets over network minimum A multicast tree is a set which is composed of a series of in put interfaces and output interfaces of routes It determines only one forwarding path between both the subnet where the multicast source lies and the subnets containing group members There are two basic methods to construct multicast trees the source based multicast tree and the multicast rendezvous point tree RPT 1 Source Based Multicast Tree The source based multicast tree is also called source shortest path tree It constructs a spanning tree toward all receivers for each source The spanning tree with the subnet of the source as a root node extends to the subnet where receivers exist A multicast group may have multiple multicast sources Each source or each pair S G has a corresponding multicast tree Method to construct the source based multicast trees is the re verse path forwarding RPF Each router can find the shortest path toward the source and the corresponding output inter face according to a unicast route When receiving a multicast packet a router checks whether the input interface receiving it is the output interface of the shortest unicast path toward the source itself If so the router copies and forwards the packet to other interfaces If not the router
115. y gt le This sets interface vel 1 level 2 authentication ZXR10 config router authentication lt key gt level 1 This sets LSP authentication level 2 ZXR10 config router enable snp authentication This sets SNP authentication Configure SNP authentication and the authentication character string is welcome ZXR10 config router isis ZXR10 config router authentication welcome ZXR10 config router enable snp authentication IS IS Configuration Example Single Area IS IS Configuration Before configuring IS IS it is necessary to analyze whole network plan network topology and to decide whether it is necessary to divide the network into areas or not Run multiple routing proto cols on the network according to the network size The following example shows the basic configuration of IS IS on a single area network This is shown in Figure 11 FIGURE 11 SINGLE AREA CONFIGURATION 192 168 2 1 24 192 168 2 2 24 192 168 6 1 24 192 168 1 1 24 38 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTE Chapter 4 IS IS Configuration In the above figure R1 and R2 form Area 1 and they run IS IS R1 configuration 168 2 1 255 255 255 0 168 1 1 255 255 259 0 ZXR10_R1 config router isis ZXR10 R1 config router area 01 ZXR10_R1 config router system id 00D0 D0C7 53E0 ZXR10 R1 config router exit ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan4 ZXR10 R1 config if vlan4 ip
116. ypes of PDUs used in IS IS protocol are as follows Call PDU Link state PDU LSP Sequence Number PDU SNP Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 33 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERHY Where call PDU is similar to the HELLO packet in the OSPF pro tocol which is responsible for the formation of the adjacency be tween routers discovery of new neighbors and the detection of exit of any neighbors IS IS routers exchange routing information set up and maintain link state database by use of link state PDUs An LSP indicates important information about a router covering area and connected network SNP is used to ensure reliable transmission of LSPs SNP contains summary information about each LSP on a network When a router receives an SNP it compares SNP with link state database If router loses an LSP in SNP it originates a multicast SNP and asks for necessary LSPs from other routers on the net work LSPs are used in conjunction with SNPs so that IS IS pro tocol can complete reliable route interaction on a large network Likewise the IS IS protocol also uses Dijkstra SPF algorithm to calculate routes Based on the link state database the IS IS pro tocol uses SPF algorithm to calculate the best route and then adds the route to the IP routing table IS IS Area For convenience of link state database management concept of IS IS area is introduced Routers in an area a
117. ystem id State Lev Holds SNPA 802 2 Pri MT 2 28 28 0000 1000 0009 64 64 Interface Owner Pri Metric vlan10 direct 0 0 vlan10 address 0 0 Lak vilan24 direct 0 0 Lek vlan24 address 0 0 21 vlan8 direct 0 0 21 vlan8 address 0 0 2 2 vlan8 isis 11 115 20 Holds SNPA 802 2 Pri MT 2 8 8 0019 8310 2321 64 64 Interface Owner pri metric vlan1 direct 0 0 vianl address 0 0 241 vlan8 isis 11 115 20 22 vlan8 direct 0 0 2 2 vlan8 address 0 0 6 1 vilan24 direct 0 0 Gst vlan24 address 0 0 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 39 ZXR10 5900 5200 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Multiple Area IS IS Configuration If a network is large then divide IS IS network into multiple areas Routers in a geographic area or of similar functions can be put into one area This reduces the demand on memory Routers in an area only need to maintain a small link state database This is shown inFigure 12 FIGURE 12 MULTIPLE AREA IS IS CONFIGURATION 192 192 168 100 1 24 192 168 16 0 24 192 168 13 0 24 192 168 14 1 24 GG 192 1 192 168 102 1 24 R1 is in Area 1 R2 R3 and R4 are in Area 0 R5 and R6 are in Area 2 Segments in Area 1 are aggregated on R1 The default route is redistributed to IS IS on R6 RI configuration ZXR10_R1 config router isis ZXR10_R1 config router area 01 ZXR10_ R1 config router system id 00D0 D0C7 53E0 ZXR10_R1 config router is type L

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