Creating Test Signals for Bluetooth with AMIQ
Contents
1. LEZ Lee ap gay LD TL ay LA Ly CEZA ae ARE ZZ aE iene oh a ay apa waa gt rec 8915100000 m Fig 3 1 Setup for calculating waveforms and controlling AMIQ via WinlQSIM The parameter setting and signal calculation is done in WinlQSIM running on a PC The calculated waveform is then transmitted to the AMIQ RAM or hard disk via the GPIB connection The waveform can also be stored on the PC hard disk and transmitted later The AMIQ hardware is also controlled by WinlQSIM via the GPIB connection including selecting waveforms pre stored on the AMIQ harddisk Alternatively SMIQ can provide hardware control via GPIB instead of WinlQSIM on the PC In this case the PC is only required for waveform calculation 4 Rohde amp Schwarz Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ 4 Creating Bluetooth Signals Creating simple continuous signals with the SMIQ Modulation Coder For a sophisticated signal generator like SMIQ creating a continuous Bluetooth signal is a straightforward task The modulation parameters are modulation type max frequency deviation symbol rate baseband filter The following example settings generate a simple i e not structured Bluetooth signal on 2 4 GHz RF frequency The data bits are of pseudo random type i e a PRBS sequence Using the SMIQ modulation coder the SMIQ settings to be made are PRE2. Filter Function E T Window Function Delhi Pippis Zu Impulse Length Oversampling Auto Bb Impulse F Auto Make sure that the Powerramping function is activated Powerramping panel in the block diagram is green and that the powerramping is defined by the Data Editor Power Ramping Se Ramp Positions Define new ramp position Symbol 1 Level dB H 0 00 ee ces nen Defined Ramp Positions Symbol Level dB Calculate the signal with the Graphics function for example click on the Graphics icon Er in the iconbar The signal in time domain amplitude and frequency should now be as shown below 14 Rohde amp Schwarz Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ Graphics ift alt Inphase ift 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 5000 5500 6000 6250 Zoom noch t Tsym Color El ler 2 m 2 5 a 3 i 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 5000 5500 6000 6250 Zoom inca t Tsym Color C Cursor State Cursor 1 Save your WinlQSIM settings with File gt Save settings as for further use To transmit the calculated waveform to AMIQ select AMIQ gt Transmission Choose Internal WinIQSIM as source and AMIQ HD or AMIQ RAM as destination If you want to store the waveform on the PCs hard disk choose File as destination and set the appropriate path Make sure to activate the AMIQ 2 5 MHz low pass filter to suppress the aliasing product
3. Products AMIQ WinlQSIM SMIQ Creating Test Signals for Bluetooth with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ Bluetooth is a universal radio interface using the license free 2 45 GHz frequency band It enables electronic devices to connect and communicate without connecting cables in short range ad hoc networks As the SMIQ Vector Signal Generator in combination with I Q Modulation Generator AMIQ is able to generate nearly any kind of digitally modulated signal this combination is also an ideal signal source for Bluetooth test signals Subject to change Dr Ren Desquiotz 11 99 Application Note 1GP38_OE Contents 1 Overview Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ T ONE IEW een ern nee nenne adds ea 2 2 Introduction to Bluetooth 2400000200nnnnnnennnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnennnn 2 3 General SUID S scciccccncndgeeceensabentienadiunsacseltasieeddeentscedatcedansiiienseoactensxatebesaecteees 4 4 Creating Bluetooth Signals ccccccccccseeeeceeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeseeeeesaaees 5 9 IFTEGHENEY HODDING aan sense 15 6 Signals for Bit Error Rate Measurement ccccceeecseeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeens 18 7 References een einen 18 8 Ordering INfOrMAtiON cccccseeeecceeeaeeeeeeeeseeeeceeeesaeeeeeeeeseaeeeeeesaeeeeeeeeeas 19 The combination SMIQ AMIQ can generate Bluetooth signals including the slot structure of the physical layer and frequency hopping This application note describes the pr
4. AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ 8 Ordering Information Q Modulation Generator AMIQ WinlQSIM Vector Signal Generator SMIQO2B SMIQO3B SMIQ04B SMIQO6B Options SMIQB11 SMIQB12 SMIQB20 ROHDE amp SCHWARZ ROHDE amp SCHWARZ GmbH amp Co KG M hldorfstra e 15 D 81671 M nchen 300 kHz to 2 2 GHz 300 kHz to 3 3 GHz 300 kHz to 4 4 GHz 300 kHz to 6 4 GHz Data Generator Memory Extension Modulation Coder 1110 2003 02 1125 5555 02 1125 5555 03 1125 5555 04 1125 5555 06 1085 4502 04 1085 2800 04 1125 5190 02 P O B 80 14 69 D 81614 M nchen Telephone 49 89 4129 0 Fax 49 89 4129 3777 Internet http www rsd de 1GP38_0E 19 Rohde amp Schwarz
5. provides the I Q baseband signal LIST MODE Program a list consisting of two frequencies 2 4 GHz and 2 45 GHz SELECT LIST CREATE NEW LIST FUNCTION EDIT VIEW Set the list as follows Index Frequency Level 00000001 2 4 GHz 0 0 dBm 00000002 2 45 GHz 0 0 dBm LEARN SMIQ learns the list you programmed MODE EXT STEP This command starts the list mode Every signal from the AMIQ marker 2 triggers a hop from one frequency position to the next As a result the SMIQ changes frequency right after every active timeslot of the signal After every trigger signal SMIQ needs a certain settling time for the frequency hop as indicated by the hatched fields in the bottom line of the figure below But as this settling time always occurs when the signal power is down it does not affect the signal Blustooth Data I Marker triggering frequency hop se pp A oy ee en Powerramplng Y Y Y Y Y SMIQ Frequencies Fig 5 2 Bluetooth signal and related frequencies output by SMIQ As the AMIQ waveform and also the trigger signal is continuosly repeated SMIQ hops between the two frequencies until the list mode is stopped command MODE OFF in LIST menu This example can easily be extended to more frequency and level values Another possible method for frequency hopping would to use the fast 17 Rohde amp Schwarz Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ restore mode of the SMIQ Store all desired frequency
6. the shape of the powerramping Power Ramping Settings Internal Power Ramping On Ramp Function z v aT P cos Ramp Time Eu Tsym OM Level 0 00 dB OFF Level 80 00 dE rn Couple marker 1 for external power ramping OF Cancel Set the Ramp Time to 3 Tsym This is slow enough for an analog like ramp which avoids spurious in the frequency spectrum due to steps in the time signal On the other hand it is fast enough to perform the entire ramp process during the preamble field Set the ON Level to 0 dB and the OFF Level to 80 dB leading to full range powerramping Confirm with OK to return to the main panel of the Data Editor Finally calculate a bit sequence with this frame structure and save the sequence in a file Click on the white panel below Calculate and save Sequence This opens a save file window specify the file name and path of the sequence to be saved WinlQSIM saves the sequences created with the Data Editor in a format called dbi which is an ASCII file with a special header 12 Rohde amp Schwarz 1GP38_0E Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ Data Editar bluetooth_data_structures ded File Configure Calculate Te p DataFields Data Field eee Calculate and save sequence File Selection 21x Te Directory A History D Winiq_bsp_archiv B luetooth_examples bd 4 Suchen in E Bluetooth_examples x c Configure Settings lots Waves ET Co
7. values as fast restore settings which can be adressed by very fast GPIB commands The frequency hops then are triggered via GPIB See fast restore mode in the SMIQ user manual for more details 6 Signals for Bit Error Rate Measurements 7 References 1GP38_0E As for all TDMA systems the BER measurement capabilities of AMIQ WinlQSIM can be used for Bluetooth The signals described in section 4 can be modified for use in BER measurements The BER measurement capabilities of AMIQ WinlIQSIM are described in detail in Application Note 1GP36_0E see references The methods can easily be adapted to the Bluetooth signals described in section 4 J Haartsen BLUETOOTH The universal radio interface for ad hoc wireless connectivity Ericsson Review 3 110 1998 D Mahnken Bluetooth a global standard for wireless connectivity Rohde amp Schwarz 1999 R Desquiotz Bit Error Rate Measurements with AMIQ and WinlQSIM Application Note 1GP36_0E Rohde amp Schwarz 1998 Vector Signal Generator SMIQ Operating Manual Rohde amp Schwarz 1999 Q Modulation Generator AMIQ Operating Manual Rohde amp Schwarz 1999 Software WinlQSIM for Calculating Q Signals for Q Modulation Generator AMIQ Software Manual Rohde amp Schwarz 1999 Software WinlQSIM for Calculating Q Signals for Q Modulation Generator AMIQ Application Manual Rohde amp Schwarz 1999 18 Rohde amp Schwarz Bluetooth signals with
8. SET FREQUENCY LEVEL DIGITAL MOD STATE ON SOURCE MODULATION SYMBOL RATE FILTER 1GP38_0E 5 2 4 GHz 0 dBm PRBS PRBS LENGTH 9 TYPE 2FSK FSK DEV 140 kHz 1 MHz TYPE GAUSS FILTER PARAMETER 0 5 Rohde amp Schwarz 1GP38_0E Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ Creating simple continuous signals with WinlQSIM AMIQ The settings in WinlQSIM for a simple continuous signal are the following Start the WinlQSIM software and select File gt new gt Single Carrier Open the Data Source panel and choose PRBS 9 as data Data Sun m f PRBS FRES 9 hd X Pattern 101010 f File Info JOSIM examples dects _O dbi Data Editor OF Cancel Confirm the setting by clicking on the OK button Then open the Modulation Settings panel and set the parameters as shown below Modulation Modulation Type z FSK FSK Index 0 2800 Coding None hd Symbol Aate 1000 000 khz v 511 Sum Filter Function Gauss Filter Windows BET H 0 50 window Function Rect Impulse Length H 32 Oversampling MT Auto 10 Bb Impulse F Auto Ok Cancel Advanced The sequence length of 511 symbols 511 bits for 2FSK modulation creates one complete PRBS 9 sequence The AMIQ will repeat this calculated sequence continuously so the resulting signal is equivalent to a real time PRBS signal Again confirm with the OK button Select Graphics gt Show Graphic to calcul
9. SMIQ The entire data field pool is shown in the figure below Configure Data Fields Data Field Pool Bom 20 pres I Define Edit Data Field Name pki Info payload DM1 PRES Length Bits H 240 Color Data PRES v PRBS Type PRES hd fr Continued OF Cancel The pDM1 field containing the user data is filled with continuous PRBS the pseudo random sequence is continued in successive data fields of the type pDM1 After creating all the necessary data fields confirm and close the panel with the OK button Combining data fields in Bluetooth time slots Next step is combining the data fields in timeslots Click on the Slot field in the Data Editor panel to open the Slot menu Data Fields pDM1 740 Info A Color Length Bits 0 Delete Data Field in Slot 0 Cancel Click on the New button to call and edit a new slot The list of available data fields is shown in the upper right part of the panel These are the data fields you created in the previous step Build a standard DM1 packet as shown below 9 Rohde amp Schwarz Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ 3 Configure Slots See Data Fields Le Sal i J perd Delete a PAYH Insert Mrk Pwrp E pDM1 Replace DM1 Info DM1 packet a Color M Length Bits 1625 Delete Data Field in Slot 0 Cancel The packet consists of preamble access field header and user data The rest up to the required 625 bit
10. ate the signal Save your WinIQSIM settings with File gt Save settings as for further use To transmit the calculated waveform to AMIQ select AMIQ gt Transmission Choose Internal WinIQSIM as the source and AMIQ HD or AMIQ RAM as the destination If you want to store the waveform on your PCs harddisk choose File as the destination and set the appropriate path 6 Rohde amp Schwarz 1GP38_0E Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ Creating packet structures with the WinIQSIM data editor WinlQSIM contains a powerful data editor for creating user defined TDMA data structures In the following examples we use the data editor to build a typical Bluetooth frame Although the procedure described below starts from a zero point you can also modify existing data editor settings Note An example file for the data editor containing several Bluetooth data structures is provided with this Application Note The file is called Bluetooth_data_structures ded Creating a Bluetooth data field library Open the Data Editor by clicking on the small icon in the icon bar File System Data Modulation Impairments Graphics AMIGO Window Help b o t 3 28 B The Data Editor panel appears Select File gt New so that the panel looks like this File Configure Calculate Configure pataFieds Data Field E Configure Slots Configure Frames Power Ramping Calculate and Sa
11. firm with the OK button this returns you to the slot panel Build a second slot consisting of only the 625 bit dummy data field This dummy slot will be used for the power down parts of the signal Therefore the powerramping setting for the dummy slot must be all down Configure Slots Name Length seits color an tem Eu eas e a Data Fields ade Insert pE i M 1 Replace Name 1625 Info fill slot 625 bits 240 Color Length Bits 625 Delete Data Field in Slot OK Cancel Creating a structured Bluetooth signal Combine the two slots as an entire signal Confirm the slot settings with the OK button to close the Slot panel and return to the main menu of the Data Editor Click on the Frame field to open the frame configuration panel As every Bluetooth device only sends in either even or odd timeslots we create a sequence of alternating DM packages and dummy slots as shown in the figure below 11 Rohde amp Schwarz 1GP38_0E Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ Configure Frame Slot Pool 1625 ROME 1625 e 1625 Melle 1625 Melle 1625 625 Mr 625 ri 625 ri 625 ri 625 re 1625 Append 625 Insert Replace Frame Length 6250 Delete Slot in Frame Clear Frame M Show Marker Vig CrOre r3sr4s OK Cancel Confirm with the OK button Back in the main panel of the Data Editor open the powerramping settings to configure
12. in the time domain A communication channel uses a different hop frequency for each slot leading to a nominal hop rate of 1600 hops s One packet can be transmitted per slot Subsequent slots are alternately used for transmitting and receiving The modulation is of GFSK type with a symbol rate of 1 MSym s Fig 2 2 Basic connection parameters for Bluetooth The most important parameters of the modulation are given in the table below modulation type 2FSK symbol rate 1 MHz modulation index 0 28 0 35 max frequency deviation 140 175 kHz baseband filter Gauss B T 0 5 These parameters can be realized either with the SMIQ modulation coder or AMIQ and WinlQSIM The main difference is that the SMIQ modulation coder generates real time signals while the AMIQ plays waveforms precalculated by WinlQSIM The methods of generation are described in the next sections 3 Rohde amp Schwarz 3 General Setups 1GP38_0E Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ The options required for using SMIQ as a stand alone Bluetooth signal source are SMIQB10 or B20 Modulation Coder and the SMIQB11 Data Generator if customized data is to be used Used in conjunction with AMIQ WinlQSIM see the setup in Fehler Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden werden The AMIQ and Q outputs are connected to the and Q inputs of the SMIQ signal generator SMIQ is operated in mode VECTOR MOD and needs no options in this case
13. nfigure in Dateiname bluetooth_structured_data dbi Dateityp db ne Abbrechen Power Ramping Calculatgfand Save BERT Settings Segflence a DataSeq TOOTHSTRUCTURED_DATA DBI Output File Chose v Use sequence as data source Y data source 0 Name your sequence for example bluetooth_structured_data dbi and confirm the settings with OK Then click on the Calculate and save Sequence button The sequence is calculated and stored in the file At the same time WinlQSIM is told to use this dbi file as Data Source You can control this in the Data Source panel The Sequence Length is set to the length of the data sequence here 6250 bits 10 slots Fie Cerfiz re Calz lae Salve Data Field Cun war Sint Cerfiz re Emes Power Ramping Calculate and Save BERI Settings Seque Settings Nata sen ied dala Ubi J tput Fie lose Use ss purs gt K deta sduice 0 Hint There is one trap you can fall in at this point always check the filename and path before saving a sequence Otherwise you might overwrite an existing dbi file by mistake The Modulation Settings are the same as in the simple case except for the sequence length 13 Rohde amp Schwarz 1GP38_0E Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ Modulation SS Modulation Modulation Type 2 Fok nd FSK Index 0 2800 Coding None v Symbol Rate 1000 000 kHz ad Sequence Length H E250 zum Filter Window
14. ocedures for generating signals especially how to create Bluetooth data structures in the physical layer with the WinlQSIM software with frequency hopping using the list mode of the SMIQ vector signal generator in cooperation with AMIQ also covered in detail 2 Introduction to Bluetooth 1GP38_0E Bluetooth is a universal radio interface using the license free 2 45 GHz frequency band It enables electronic devices to connect and communicate without connecting cables in short range ad hoc networks Each device can communicate with up to seven other devices per piconet Units can simultaneously belong to several piconets Fig 2 1 Typical members of a Bluetooth piconet 2 Rohde amp Schwarz 1GP38_0E Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ The potential applications for Bluetooth cover a wide range from wireless connection between a PC and a printer to data exchange between mobile phones digital cameras PCs and organizers The basic parameters of the Bluetooth system are shown in Fig 2 2 The radio frequency lies in the 2 4 GHz ISM band Bluetooth uses frequency hop spread spectrum technology dividing the frequency band into several hop channels During a connection radio transceivers hop from one channel to another in a pseudo random fashion The channel spacing is 1 MHz the whole frequency band covers 79 MHz 23 MHz in some countries As Bluetooth is a TDMA system each channel is divided into 625 us intervals
15. ry Bluetooth device only sends in either odd or even timeslots there is always enough dwell time between two transmission packets Example hopping between two frequencies The following simple example demonstrates the frequency hopping capabilities of SMIQ and how AMIQ and SMIQ work together In section 4 we generated an AMIQ waveform which is already prepared for use with frequency hopping We programmed a trigger event on marker channel 4 at the beginning of each DM1 slot Now we will use these trigger events to control the SMIQ Add an additional connection to the setup from Fig 3 1 between AMIQ marker 2 output and the TRIGGER input at SMIQ s rear panel L WOM See LE a mr ee u Fig 5 1 Setup for a Bluetooth signal including frequency hopping Preparing AMIQ If the waveform from section 4 is not loaded in AMIQ RAM anymore open the AMIQ gt remote control and BERT menu in WinlIQSIM and choose Load HD file Select the appropriate file and make sure that the waveform output is started indicated by the green Running light Activate the Marker Output 4 with the trigger signal This mode is only possible with the fast processor unit 16 Rohde amp Schwarz 1GP38_0E Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ Preparing SMIQ Now program SMIQ with the following settings PRESET FREQUENCY 2 4 GHz LEVEL 0 dBm VECTOR MOD STATE ON This sets SMIQ to vector modulation so that AMIQ
16. s Select AMIQ gt remote control and BERT gt Hardware Setting and Set Filter to 2 5 MHz 5 Frequency Hopping 1GP38_0E Frequency hopping with AMIQ WinlQSIM As AMIQ is also a sophisticated multi carrier source one can in principle generate a signal simulating frequency hopping The procedure to create such a signal is described in the WinlIQSIM Application Manual section 4 7 However the Bluetooth frequency band covers 79 MHz in most countries As AMIQ can cover a total signal bandwidth of about 40 MHz it is more suitable to use the SMIQ as hopping device Frequency hopping with SMIQ SMIQ Vector Signal Generator in LIST MODE can be used for frequency hopping by programming a list of hop frequencies The AMIQ marker outputs can be used to trigger SMIQ Every trigger signal makes SMIQ step to the next frequency in the list The main characteristic of this method is that all hop frequencies have to be programmed in advance it is not possible to send the next desired frequency during the transmission 15 Rohde amp Schwarz 1GP38_0E Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ A different way is to use the Fast Restore mode All possible frequencies are stored in system states Then it is possible to address these states and therefore the hop frequencies by a GPIB command For both methods the hops are triggered directly after an active slot While power is down SMIQ hops to the next desired frequency As eve
17. s is filled with the dummy data field f263 Configure powerramping To configure the powerramping for the slot click on the Mrk Pwp Marker and Powerramping button Mn Be FH Ps D indatafied hei Allup L f Ramp up Ramp 2 Pos Pos mp in data field fee o pma Ramp down mml fe Ramp up down ae ze ma n Ramp down up pa The powerramping is programmed with an up down ramp starting at the first bit of the slot bit O of the preamble and ending at bit 362 of the slot bit 0 of the dummy data field Programming a marker with a trigger signal In addition to the powerramping we will program one of the marker outputs Marker 2 to generate a trigger signal at the beginning of the slot This trigger signal will be used later in section 5 for frequency hopping 1GP38_0E 10 Rohde amp Schwarz 1GP38_0E Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 37 4 gt Je Al down 0 in data field es 2 un up Ramp 2 Pos Pos m in data field 263 a Ramp down fe Ramp up down ae ae m Ramp down up Click on Marker 2 to edit the second marker channel Program a ramp up down sequence with ramp up at bit 0 of the f263 dummy field position 362 and ramp down 10 bits later position 372 This generates a trigger signal of 10 us length just after the pDM1 data packet as one bit takes 1 us with a bit rate of 1 Mbit s Con
18. ye BERT Settings Sequence Settings Close Data Seq 5 Output File M WinlQSIM examples dectsl_0 dbi m Use sequence as data source v data source 0 The Data Editor has three levels data fields slots and frames First create the necessary data fields Click on the white rectangle named Data Field The following panel appears 7 Rohde amp Schwarz 1GP38_0E Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and SMIQ Configure Data Fields Data Field Pool Define Edt Data Field Name Info Length Bits I 1 Color Data Al v Cancel Click on the New button to create a new data field Edit the field with the Define Edit functions in the lower half of the panel Configure Data Fields Data Field Pool Hew pet 4 Een Delete Drefine Edt Data Field Name pre preamble 1010 Length Bits 4 Color BEE Data Patten 7 1010 Create all the necessary data fields in the same way For a typical Bluetooth signal we need e A 4 bit preamble field with 0101 e A 64 bit access field here filled with ones e An 8 bit payload header here filled with zeroes e A 240 bit payload field with user data here PRBS data e A 54 bit header field here filled with PRBS data e Two dummy fields to fill the slots up to the 625 bits defined in the specifications One field is 263 bits long the other 625 bits 8 Rohde amp Schwarz 1GP38_0E Bluetooth signals with AMIQ WinIQSIM and
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