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Sect 18-Macros - Flint Machine Tools, Inc.

1. Minus Negative Subtraction Multiply Multiplication Divide Division Absolute value Arc tangent Cosine function Integer value Rounding function Return the sign Sine function Square root Left Parenthesis Right Parenthesis Equal EQ Less Than LT Greater Than GT Less Than or Equal to LE Greater Than or Equal to GE Not Equal to NE Remark in macro line Order of Calculation Parentheses Functions SIN COS negation multiplication and division 406 Section 18 Macros Arithmetic operations are performed in standard mathematical order April 2003 Fadal Decimals Exponential Form Comments Calculations April 2005 EXAMPLE User Manual addition and subtraction AND OR NOT Parentheses can be used to establish order of arithmetic operations overriding standard mathematical order Numbers without decimals will be considered integers This is true only for macro lines Exponential form is not allowed For 1 23 5 use 123000 Comments are very important part of Macro programming They explain the program to others and remind the programmer why they wrote it the way they did Comments on a macro line begin with an apostrophe and can extend to a total line length of 65 characters 5 100 1 2545 V100 IS THE LENGTH OF THE PART 2
2. April 2005 Variables EXAMPLE Arrays User Manual This discussion will include examples of macro programs with their explanations and where appropriate the equations from which the geometry is derived It will start with simple examples and proceed through to the more complex functions All macro lines must be preceded by a pound sign immediately following a line number The open paren and asterisk are macro operators and cannot be used in a macro statement to denote a comment Instead use an apostrophe to denote a comment in a macro line The open and closed parens are grouping operators used to indicate order of operation use as in an algebraic equation The asterisk is a multiplication symbol Comments are very important part of macro programming They explain the program to others and remind the programmer why they wrote it the way they did Comments on a macro line begin with an apostrophe and can extend to a total line length of 65 characters 5 V100 1 2345 V100 IS THE LENGTH OF THE PART 2 The mathematical operations of addition subtraction multiplication and division are represented by asterisk and slash respectively N11 V10 3 V12 There are 100 available variable or V registers numbered from V1 to V100 These registers may be used to manipulate data but may not be used directly in the G code program The manipulated values must be passed to the R registers for use
3. V2 ATN V1 N29 PRINT V2 Line N26 prints the angle V2 in radians Line N28 prints the angle V2 in degrees The debug command is used temporarily in the macros to proof the macro lines Debug mode works only when SU from the command mode is used The advantage to using the debug mode is that it will display the values of the variables To start the Debug mode enter SET DEB in the macro program or SET DEB using the MA command To end the Debug mode to enter SET RUN using the MA command or enter SET RUN in the macro program SET DEG and SET RAD commands are modal and cancel each other When using the SIN COS or ATN functions the calculations are based upon the DEGREE or RADIANS setting The default setting is degrees Radians Angle in Degrees 180 Degrees Angle Radians 180 PI 3 14159265 This function will return a rounded value of a number The number of places to round to is set using the SET RND command To set the rounding to four places enter the command below The maximum number of places to round to is five MA SET RND4 Note When higher accuracy is desired the rounding may be calculated This eliminates the need to use the SET RND command To round off numbers to the fifth place use this equation V1 INT V5 10000 10000 The value of V5 will be rounded to the fifth place and V1 will be used for the rounded number This example only affects the individual line Section 18 Mac
4. Section 18 Macros 463 Fadal 464 N39 ZR8 V31 N40 G1 X R9 Y R8 F20 N41 V20 lt V25 THEN GOTO LOOP1 N42 GO Z0 1 M5 M9 N43 G49 Z0 EO XO YO N44 G28 N45 M2 Section 18 Macros User Manual April 2003
5. Wave Height X axis move This program will wrap a sine wave around a round part on a fourth axis Ellipse An ellipse is defined as a collection of points whose locations are the sum of the distances from two fixed points such that the sum of the distances is always equal The formula is given as X Sq Sq Y Sq b Sq 1 where is equal to the X radius of the ellipse and b is equal to the Y radius of the ellipse By re arranging the formula to solve for Y we obtain Y Square Root of b2 X2 b2 a2 Because the formula solves for plus or minus Y we will need two loops to complete the ellipse one for the and one for the Y The X axis will be incremented in 01 steps Formula Y Square Root of b2 X2 b2 a2 This is a simple program to check the length of tool number 1 and enter this length into the tool offset table Fixture offset number 23 must contain the distance from the Z zero surface to the top of the Tool Probe Fixture offset number 24 must contain the X and Y location of the tool probe N1 099 CHECK TOOL Contains the program number and a comment G90 GO E24 Y 25 S250 M4 Sets absolute and rapid modes moves to XO Y 25 on the Tool Probe and turns the spindle on backward at 250 RPM N3 M65 Turns on the TS 20 tool setting probe 4 H1 E23 Z1 Applies the tool length offset for tool 1 plus the Z axis correction for the Fixture location plus one inch This moves the tool
6. 4 7124 180 0262 This will be the amount of Y axis movement for each two degree increment on the Sine wave The X axis movement is determined by multiplying the Sine of the accumulated angle by the height of the wave The height of the wave will be half of the total X axis movement If we require a total movement of 1 25 inches in the X axis our wave will be 1 25 2 625 Our formulas are PI Dia Circumference 360 Angular increment Y axis move Sine of the angle Wave Height axis move This program will wrap a sine wave around a round part on a fourth axis 107 5 WAVE DEMO Program number and a comment N2 L100 Sub routine label R1 0 R2 0 R3 0 R4 0 ESTABLISH VALUES FOR R WORDS Zero R variables N4 V1 1 5 DIAMETER OF THE PART Enter the diameter of the part N5 2V2 625 RISE OF THE SINE WAVE Enter the rise of the sine wave V3 3 141593 V1 CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE PART Calculate the circumference of the part Section 18 Macros 453 Fadal 454 User Manual 7 V4 90 5 V3 CALCULATE THE Q WORD Calculate the Q word for Cam Wrapping R1 V4 TRANSFER Q WORD TO R1 Transfer the value of the Q word to R1 N9 651 1 YO SET Y AXIS MIRROR Mirror the Y axis for Cam Wrapping N10 G17 Q R1 TURN CAM WRAPPING Turn on Cam Wrapping N11 G90 F50 Set absolute mode 50 IPM N12 V10 V3 180 Y AXIS INCREMENT PER 2 DEG MOVE Calculate the Y axis increment for each 2 deg N13 LOOP
7. CCW N4 R6 RADIUS OF CIRCLE N5 R7 BLEND RADII N6 R8 X DIR amp DIS TO LINE N7 R9 ANGLE N8 V1 AX GET CURRENT X POSITION N9 V2 AY CURRENT Y POSITION N10 V3 R5 CW OR CCW N11 V4 R6 RADIUS OF CIRCLE N124V5 R7 BLEND RADIUS N134V6 R8 X DIR amp DIS TO LINE N14 V8 V4 V5 N15 V10 ABS V6 V5 X CENTER OF BLEND N16 V11 SQR V8 V8 V10 V10 CENTER OF BLEND N17 V12 V11 V10 SLOPE OF LINE THROUGH CENTER OF CIRCLE AND CENTER Section 18 Macros 433 Fadal 454 User Manual N18 V13 SQR V4 V4 1 V12 V12 X END PNT ON BND RAD N19 V14 V12 V13 Y END PNT ON BND RAD N20 IF R5 0 THEN GOTO CW N21 R3 V6 FIRST X MOVE TO LINE N22 R4 0 N23 G90 G8 N24 M98 P900 N25 X R5 Y R6 G1 N26 R3 V6 N27 R4 V11 Y MOVE TO BND RAD N28 M98 P900 N29 X R5 Y R6 N30 R1 R5 N31 R2 R6 N32 R3 V10 N33 R4 V11 N34 G8 N35 M98 P900 N36 R1 R5 R1 1 CENTER N374R2 R6 R2 J CENTER N38 R3 V13 X BND RAD END POINT N39 R4 V14 BND RAD END POINT 40 M98 P900 N41 X R5 Y R6 R1 J R2 G3 N42 R1 V1 R5 N43 R2 V2 R6 N44 R3 V13 N45 R4 V14 CIRCLE END POINT N46 M98 P900 7 X R5 Y R6 R1 J R2 N48 R1 R5 N49 R2 R6 N50 R3 V10 N51 R4 V11 N52 M98 P900 N53 R1 R5 R1 N54 R2 R6 R2 N55 R3 V6 X BND RAD END POINT N56 R4 V11 BND RAD END POINT N57 M98 P900 N58 X R5 Y R6 81 J R2 N59 R3 V6 Section 18 Macros April 2003 Fadal April 20
8. In this example either condition can be true for control to jump to the label EXAMPLE Example 3 NOT IF 1 0 THEN GOTO LOOP In this example if V1 is NOT equal to zero then control jumps to the label LOOP EXAMPLE Example 4 AND OR and NOT IF V1 LT V2 OR V1 LT V AND NOT V1 GT V4 THEN GOTO LOOP The fourth example shows multiple operators strung together in one statement Combinations of AND OR and NOT can be used to build up very complex expressions There is no practical limit to their complexity except the obvious one of writing an expression that may be difficult to read and exceeds 63 characters Macro Tutorial Overview This subsection is designed as a tutorial for FADAL s Macro Language Several Macro Language commands are referenced here For a complete list with applicable syntax review the Macro Commands section Summary Macro programming uses a subset of BASIC to manipulate data for use G code programs If a shape can be defined with an equation or all of its elements with variables then it may be advantageous to use macro programming The availability of compare statements and algebraic operators in the form of IF THEN loops and SIN COS and ATN to list a few makes it possible to create complex geometry with a few lines of code 424 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal Conventions Comments Calculations Variables EXAMPLE V1 V100 Macro
9. SET command for degrees or radians V5 V6 V7 If V6 is the opposite side of a right angle and V7 is the adjacent side of the right angle then V5 would be equal to the angle between the sides To calculate mathematical function Tangent of an angle use the following formula TANGENT angle SIN angle COS angle COS will return the Cosine of an angle See the SET command for degrees or radians V56 COS V34 V72 If V34 and V72 represent angles V56 would then be equal to the cosine of the sum of the two angles To calculate mathematical function Inverse Cosine of an angle use the following formula ARCCOS angle 1570796 ATN angle SQR 1 angle angle INT will return the integer of a number V100 INT V23 If V23 12 345 then V100 12 If V23 12 345 then V100 12 Section 18 Macros 415 Fadal User Manual If V25 12 513 then V100 12 If V25 12 513 then V100 12 The integer value uses only the whole number portion of the number RND RND will return a rounded value of a number The number of places to round to is set using the 5 RND command To set the rounding to four places enter the command below EXAMPLE 5 5 RND4 This line sets the number of places to round to V1 RND V1 This rounds the V1 value to 4 places Note When higher accuracy is desired the rounding may be calculated This eliminates the need to use the SET RND command To round off numbers to the fi
10. declare a tool length offset H1 H99 The current tool length offset applied determines which TU variable will be used For example if H7 is in effect then TU7 will be active The TU variable increases whenever the control is in the interpolation mode only Note The TT and TU macro are active when the SETP parameters for tool time are enabled On by choosing one of the options see SETP for tool life management options EXAMPLE N31 1 TUS 5 THEN GOTO CHANGETOOL N300 CHANGETOOL This will cause a jump to the label CHANGETOOL when the time is equal to 3 Using the option 2 of tool life management in the SETP page allows the user to program the tool time displayed in the tool time table and the TU to read the used time in the tool time table The combination of the TT and the TU macro 414 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal V1 V100 Macro Variables EXAMPLE Functions ABS EXAMPLE ATN EXAMPLE COS EXAMPLE INT EXAMPLE April 2005 User Manual allows the user to customize a macro to include a specialize tool life management application These variables are used in the macro lines N88 V1 V2 V3 ABS will return the absolute value of a number V2 ABS V1 If V1 is equal to 2 5 then V2 would be 2 5 and if V1 is equal to 2 5 then V2 would be 2 5 The absolute value of a number is always the positive value of the number ATN will return the Arc tangent of a number See the
11. of the Angle times the Radius of the cutter EX TAN 5 1875 087488 1875 0164 This is the depth factor Subtract this from the Angle factor 1882 for the total correction factor 1882 0164 1718 N1 O7 TAPER RECTANGLE Contains the program number and a comment GO G90 G80 G40 G49 20 Safe start line N3 7500 M3 M8 Spindle on 7500 RPM coolant on G8 M92 Set intermediate gain turn off ramping This increases the accuracy and smoothes the moves Section 18 Macros 451 Fadal 452 User Manual N5 GO XO YO E1 Move to the center of the pocket N6 Z0 05 H1 Move to 05 above Z zero N7 G1 Z 1 687 F50 Move to the bottom of the pocket The tangent point must be calculated for the X and Y locations R9 0 8756 Set R9 equal to 1 2 of the Y dimension at the bottom of the pocket plus the tangent point on the ball end mill N9 R8 1 5556 Set R8 equal to 1 2 of the X dimension at the bottom of the pocket plus the tangent point on the ball end mill N10 R7 1 687 Set R7 equal to the Z depth The pocket depth plus 1 2 of the endmill diameter N11 LOOP Label to loop to for each step N12 G1 Y R9 Mill from the center to Y dimension 15 X R8 Mill from the center to the dimension N14 Y R9 Mill to the Y dimension N15 X R8 Mill to the X dimension N16 Y R9 Mill to the Y dimension N17 X0 Mill to XO N18 R9 R9 00087 Increment the Y dimension by 00087 The Tangent of the angle times the
12. probe will stop the Z axis when it touches 104 AZ gt 12 050 THEN GOTO GETNEXT The CLEAR statement is used to zero the values in the variable table If used alone it will clear all of the variables in the table If a variable number is included after the command CLEAR the variable or variables specified will be cleared ZCLEAR Clears all V registers OR CLEAR V1 Clears only V1 OR CLEAR V10 V30 Clears V10 through V30 In normal programming practice a CLEAR statement at the beginning of the program will ensure that all of the variables will be zeroed This is done to prevent a variable register that the program will use from having a value that may shorten a loop sequence or exceed the test value For example if a statement reads ZIF V1 10 THEN GOTO JUMP with the intent of looping 10 times and the value of V1 is 15 from a previous program the program will always go to the label JUMP This line is an example of a bad programming practice The only way a loop written with this statement will ever end would be if V1 were equal to 10 If the loop were counting up it would be Section 18 Macros April 2003 Fadal EXAMPLE Operator Interaction April 2005 PRINT INPUT User Manual better written as IF V1 lt 10 In this form once the count exceeded 10 the program would drop out of the loop If a specific value is required in a register it must be entered by the programmer with an assign statement To assi
13. statement is executed the program processing stops until the operator presses the ENTER key The PRINT command may be used to prompt the operator for the desired data to enter Placing a comma at the end of the PRINT statement will move the cursor to the end of the text on the screen 1 CLEAR 2 PRINT ENTER THE POCKET LENGTH N3 INPUT V1 N4 PRINT ENTER THE POCKET WIDTH N5 INPUT V2 These statements prompt for the V1 and V2 data required for the program The program suspends operation until each value is entered Section 18 Macros 419 Fadal User Manual LABELS labels designate a place in the program where program execution may be directed when preselected conditions have or have not been met Labels are unaffected by program renumbering and take the form LABEL Nothing else may appear on the line The call to a label will include the colon followed by the name of the label Each label in a program must have a unique name If there are any duplicate names program execution will always go to the first label in the program Labels may be any alphanumeric the programmer chooses Labels must be preceded by a colon and there may be no comments or other code in the line with the label A label indicates a place in the program where program execution may continue after a jump This may be a routine that is to be repeated several times or a routine that is to be executed only when certain conditions are met To make a pro
14. tip to one inch above the tool probe N5 G1 G31 Z 1 F20 Commands the probe skip function and feeds the tool into the tool probe N6 G91 Z 05 Commands an incremental Z axis move 05 off of the tool probe N7 G90 S500 Sets absolute mode and increases the RPM to 500 G1 G31 Z 1 F1 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal Program Number 2 April 2005 User Manual Commands probe skip function and feeds the Z axis back into the tool probe at a slower feed for improved accuracy N9 ZR9 AZ Reads the current Z location AZ into register 9 R9 This is the actual Z value from the Home position N10 R8 R9 FZ23 This macro statement subtracts the Z fixture location in FIXTURE OFFSET 25 FZ23 from the value in register 9 R9 and places it in register 8 R8 This compensates for the difference in Z from the Z zero position to the top of the tool probe N11 G10 L10 P1 RO R8 Uses the G10 function to store the value in register 8 R8 into tool offset number 1 N12 M5 GO Turns off the spindle and sets rapid mode 15 GO 690 20 Sets absolute mode cancels the tool offset and moves to 7 zero N14 EO XO YO ZO Cancels the fixture offset and moves to XO YO and ZO N15 M99 Code to return from sub program Will return control to the main or calling program This program is similar to program 1 in that it uses the TS 20 or TS 27 tool setting probe to check for tool condition The function of this program is to check for broken to
15. used in the FADAL Macro language are or EQforEqual lt or LTforLess than gt for Greater than lt or LE for Less than or equal to gt or GE for Greater than or equal to lt gt or NE for Not equal to The THEN portion of the statement may be used to assign or re assign a value to a variable or register THEN V1 V5 or THEN R6 SIN V34 The THEN statement may also be used to re direct program execution THEN GOTO N45 Re directs program execution to line number N45 or THEN GOTO LOOP Re directs program execution to the label LOOP If program execution is re directed to a line number it will be necessary to verify that the line number is correct time the program is re numbered When the program is re numbered the control WILL NOT update the line numbers in an IF THEN loop or a GOTO statement For this reason it is preferable to use labels to re direct program execution A complete IF THEN statement will take the form IF V1 lt 28 THEN GOTO LOOP This line reads if the contents of variable register V1 are less than or equal to 28 then go to LOOP This line could be used in a program with V1 as a counter to perform some operation until the value of V1 is greater than 28 once the Section 18 Macros 429 Fadal User Manual value of V1 exceeds 28 program operation will continue with the program line following the IF THEN statement V1 1 THEN V20 V5 This line reads if the contents o
16. 01 Z step In this case the angle is five degrees N19 R8 R8 00087 Increment the X dimension by 00087 The tangent of the angle times the 01 Z step In this case the angle is five degrees N20 R7 R7 01 Increment the Z dimension 01 N21 Z R7 Move the Z axis up 01 N22 IF R7 GT 0 THEN GOTO LOOP Test to see if the top of the part has been reached Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal Program Number 8 April 2005 User Manual N23 GO 2 5 M5 M9 Rapid to Z 5 turn off the spindle and coolant N24 G49 20 EO XO YO ZO Cancel offsets and return to the home position N25 M2 End of program Sine Wave A sine wave is constructed by laying out a line that represents one 360 degree revolution In the case of wrap this would be equal to the circumference of the part to be cut An example would be a 1 1 2 diameter that has a circumference of Pl dia 5 1416 1 5 4 7124 This line is then divided into equal segments determined by the for requirements on the blue print Many segments give a high resolution and better form few segments give a low resolution Two degree segments are acceptable for most applications Once the number of segments is determined the line is divided by this number to obtain the Y axis step Since our line is 560 degrees long we find the number of steps by dividing 560 by the angular increment in this case two 360 2 180 steps We then divide the length of our line 4 7124 by the number of steps 180
17. 05 User Manual N60 R4 0 N61 M98 P900 N62 X R5 Y R6 N65 R3 0 N64 R4 0 N65 M98 P900 N66 X R5 Y R6 G40 N67 M99 N68 CW N69 R3 V6 FIRST X MOVE TO LINE N70 R4 0 N71 G90 G8 N72 M98 P900 N73 X R5 Y R6 G1 N74 R35 V6 N75 R4 V11 Y MOVE TO BND RAD N76 M98 P900 N77 X R5 Y R6 N78 R1 R5 N79 R2 R6 N80 R3 V10 N81 R4 V11 N82 M98 P900 N83 R1 R5 R1 TO CENTER N84 R2 R6 R2 J B R CENTER N85 R3 V13 X BND RAD END POINT N86 R4 V14 BND RAD END POINT N87 M98 P900 N88 X R5 Y R6 HRI J R2 G2 N89ZR1 V1 R5 N90 R2 V2 R6 N91 R35 V135 N92 R4 V14 CIRCLE END POINT N95 M98 P900 N94 X R5 Y R6 R1 J R2 N95ZR1 R5 N96 R2 R6 N97 R3 V10 N98 R4 V11 N99 M98 P900 N100 R1 R5 R1 N101 R2 R6 R2 Section 18 Macros 435 Fadal Sub Program 900 Row Column Pattern 456 Macro EXAMPLE User Manual N102 R3 V6 X BND RAD END POINT N103 R4 V11 Y BND RAD END POINT N104 M98 P900 105 X R5 Y R6 I R1 J R2 N106 R3 V6 N107 R4 0 N108 M98 P900 N109 X R5 Y R6 N110 R3 0 N111 R4 0 N112 M98 P900 N113 X R5 Y R6 G40 N114 M99 N10900 ROTATE X amp Y N2 V30 R3 COS R9 R4 SIN R9 N3 V3 1 R3 SIN R9 R4 COS R9 N4 R5 V30 V1 N5 R6 V31 V2 N6 M99 1 Start the fixed cycle 2 Type the R words R9 Number of holes across R7 Number of holes down R8 Space between X axis holes R6 Space between Y axis holes O10 ROW amp COLUMN MAIN PROGRAM CLEAR SET
18. 1 GT V2 OR V1 LT V THEN GOTO LOOP In this example either condition can be true for control to jump to the label Example 3 NOT IF 1 0 THEN GOTO LOOP In this example if V1 is NOT equal to zero then control jumps to the label LOOP Example 4 AND OR and NOT IF V1 LT V2 OR V1 LT V3 AND NOT V1 GT V4 THEN GOTO LOOP The fourth example shows multiple operators strung together in one statement Combinations of AND OR and NOT can be used to build up very complex expressions There is no practical limit to their complexity except the obvious one of writing an expression that may be difficult to read and exceeds 63 characters Counting loops may be initiated to count the number of parts machined holes drilled etc The basic code generally takes the form V49 V49 1 098 D98 1 The values be placed in any unused register for example any valid V D R H TT or FO register When using a register for counting care must be taken to insure that the value in the register is not overwritten by another function in use by the control Section 18 Macros 431 Fadal User Manual Inaccuracies in the count may be caused by the look ahead feature in the control This may be overcome with the use of a macro WAIT statement in the line preceding the count statement The WAIT statement does not cause the machine to stop it stops look ahead past this point until the program execution actually reac
19. 10 gt V1 THEN GOTO N Tests for the current location of Z If full depth has not been reached loop back to 3 N7 V10 0 Reset V10 to zero N8 G90 G1 Z 1F50 Set absolute mode Feed out to 1 above Z zero N9 M17 N10 M30 Lines nine and ten end the subroutine definitions N11 CLEAR The program starts here This statement clears all of the values in the variable table 12 R9 1 R8 1000 R7 05 CHANGE THIS LINE FOR NEW VALUES Sets the R values for the drill to be used N13 PRINT R9 ABSOLUTE Z DEPTH N14 PRINT R8 RPM TO BE USED N15 PRINT R7 DIAMETER OF DRILL BEING USED Lines 13 14 and 15 inform the operator what the R values are used for N16 V1 R9 Passes the value in R9 to V1 N17 V2 R8 Passes the value in R8 to V2 N18 R4 6000 V2 75 Calculates the Dwell time and stores it in R4 N19 V3 R7 Passes the value in R7 to V3 Section 18 Macros 447 Fadal Program Number 5 448 User Manual N20 V4 V3 5 j 50 PERCENT OF THE DRILL DIAMETER Calculates the peck distance N21 R6 V4 Passes the value in V4 to R6 N22 690 GO S R8 E1 YO Sets the absolute mode turns on the spindle and rapids to XO YO of fixture offset 1 25 21 M8 Brings the spindle to 1 above Z zero and turns on the coolant N24 Z 1 Brings the tool 1 above Z zero N25 L101 G66 Calls subroutine L100 as a modal routine From this point the subroutine will execute after every position move until can
20. 12 R9 1 R8 1000 R7 05 CHANGE THIS LINE FOR NEW VALUES N13 R9 ABSOLUTE Z DEPTH N14 R8 RPM TO BE USED N15 R7 DIAMETER OF DRILL BEING USED N16 2V1 R9 N17 V2 R8 N18 R4 6000 V2 75 N19 v R7 N20 fV4 V3 5 3 30 PERCENT OF THE DRILL DIAMETER N21 R6 V4 22 690 GO S R8 E1 YO 3 Z1 M8 N24 Z 1 N25 L101 G66 Section 18 Macros 459 Fadal Program Number 5 Program Number 6 460 User Manual N26 M45 N27 X1 N28 X2 N29 G67 30 GO G90 HO 20 N31 EO XO YO N32 M2 N1 O5 BOLT PATTERN 2 CLEAR 3 ZPRINT YO 15 CENTER OF PATTERN USING FIXTURE OFFSET 1 N4 ZPRINT R5 IS THE NUMBER OF HOLES TO BE DRILLED 5 ZPRINT R4 IS THE DIAMETER OF THE HOLE PATTERN ZPRINT R3 IS THE STARTING ANGLE 7 R5 10 R4 5 R 30 ZR7 360 R5 ANGLE BETWEEN HOLES V1 R4 2 RADIUS OF THE BOLT PATTERN N10 R9 SIN R3 V1 X STARTING LOCATION N11 ZR8 COS RSF V1 Y STARTING LOCATION N12 T1M6 15 690 680 60 5000 3 E1 X R9 Y R8 14 25 1 8 15 681 X R9 Y R8 2 1 RO 1 F10 G98 N16 ZR6 R7 N17 LOOP 18 668 R R7 YO N19 ZR7 R7 R6 N20 IF R7 lt 360 R6 THEN GOTO LOOP N21 G80 M5 M9 N22 G49 Z0 25 G28 YO 20 N24 M2 N1 O6 SUB PROG TO CHECK BORE C L AND ROTATE N2 GO G90 G40 G49 G80 ZO N YO E1 N4 Z0 1H1 G1 Z 0 25 F30 N6 M64 7 L9101 R1 1 Y1 25 P1
21. 164 1718 Sine Wave A sine wave is constructed by laying out a line that represents one 360 degree revolution the case of cam wrap this would be equal to the circumference of the part to be cut An example would be a 1 1 2 diameter that has a circumference of Pl dia 5 1416 1 5 4 7124 This line is then divided into equal segments determined by the for requirements on the blue print Many segments give a high resolution and better form few segments give a low resolution Two degree segments are acceptable for most applications Once the number of segments is determined the line is divided by this number to obtain the Y axis step Since our line is 560 degrees long we find the number of steps by dividing 560 by the angular increment in this case two 360 2 180 steps We then divide the length of our line 4 7124 by the number of steps 180 4 7124 180 0262 This will be the amount of Y axis movement for each two degree increment on the Sine wave The X axis movement is determined by multiplying the Sine of the accumulated angle by the height of the wave The height of the wave will be half of the total X axis movement If we require a total movement of 1 25 inches in the X axis our wave will be 1 25 2 625 Our formulas are Section 18 Macros 441 Fadal Program Number 9 Tutorial Program Explanations Program Number 1 442 User Manual PI Dia Circumference 360 Angular increment Y axis move Sine of the angle
22. 25 X R3 F20 G1 This transferred R3 to X N26 GOTO INSIDE Continue at label INSIDE at N15 Labels Labels are used to identify a GOTO location the program It is usually best to choose labels that are descriptive of the area or instruction to which they are assigned The colon assigns the LABEL field EXAMPLE N5 V1 1 This sets the value of V1 to be 1 9 GOTO DOMATH This sends the operation to line N100 to label DOMATH 10 WORK_ This the label WORK the end destination of line N110 N11 V1 V1 1_ This changes variable V1 by adding 1 to its value N12 IF V1 5 THEN DOMATH This checks the value of V1 If V1 is equal to a value of 5 it goes to N100 label DOMATH if not the program continues at line N14 N15 R9 R9 V1_ This line transfers the value of V1 to parameter R9 N14 9 M6 This line transfers the value R9 to the Tool number N N100 DOMATH This is the end destination from the GOTO on line 5 N N110 GOTO WORK This sends the operation to line N10 to label WORK Labels may not have a comment on the same line See below 2 TEST THIS IS A TEST A comment is not allowed on a label line IF THEN IF THEN command is used for comparisons The IF part of the macro line will examine a variable or equation and if it is true it will execute the THEN part of the macro line If the IF part of the macro is not true it will not execute the THEN part of the macro line and will continue with the nex
23. 9 Y R8 Moves to locations specified by R8 and R9 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal Drill Grid Pattern Macro Decimal April 2005 Increments User Manual IF V1 lt 9 THEN GOTO LOOP Tests if 10 holes have been drilled V1 0 Resets V1 to zero for the next row V2 V2 1 Increases the value in V2 by 1 V2 9 THEN GOTO LOOP Tests if 10 rows have been drilled G80 M5 M9 G49 20 GO EO XO YO 20 M2 This program drills 100 holes with 20 lines of code An equivalent G code program would use approximately 109 lines to accomplish the same thing If it is necessary to program the moves in other than whole number increments then it will be necessary to change the program format only slightly The R9 and R8 values will be incremented by the desired values and must be initialized prior to the loop statement The variables V1 and V2 are retained as counters O1235 DRILL GRID 10 575 X STEPS 10 5 Y STEPS G90 680 G40 6020 S2500 M5 M7 GO XO YO E1 Z 1 H1 681 XO YO Z 75 RO 1 G98 F20 9 0 R8 0 Clears the R9 and R8 registers CLEAR Sets all variable registers to zero LOOP Label for the loop V1 V1 1_ Increases the value in V1 by 1 R9 R9 575 Increases the value in R9 for the next hole X R9 Y R8 Moves to the locations specified by R8 and R9 V19 THEN LOOP Tests if 10 holes have been drilled V1 0 Resets V1 to zero for the next row V2 V2 1 Increases the value in V2 by 1 R9 0 Resets R9 to zero to st
24. 9 YO Moves to the start point on the Ellipse N21 20 1 Moves the tool to 1 above Z zero N22 61 Z 0 25 F20 Feeds the tool to Z 25 N23 4V25 V20 Copies the value of 20 into V25 for use as a counter N24 LOOP Label to loop to for each step N25 V20 V20 01 Calculates the next X location N26 4V21 V20 V20 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal April 2005 User Manual Squares the X location for the X squared portion of the formula N27 V30 V21 V10 V1 Calculates the X squared times b squared divided by a squared portion of the formula N28 31 50 10 30 Calculates the square root of b squared minus V30 value N29 R9 V20 Copies the X location to R9 N30 R8 V351 Copies the Y location to R8 N31 G1 X R9 Y R8 F20 Moves to the next location N32 V20 gt V25 THEN GOTO LOOP Tests for the finish of the top portion of the Ellipse N33 LOOP1 Label to loop to for the bottom portion of the Ellipse N34 V20 V20 01 Reverses the X axis move N35 V2 1 V20 V20 Squares the X location for the X squared portion of the formula N36 V30 V21 V10 V1 First calculation of the formula N37 V31 SQR V10 V30 Final calculation of the formula N38 R9 V20 Copies the X location to R9 N39 ZR8 V31 Copies the Y location to R8 N40 G1 X R9 Y R8 F20 Moves to the next location N41 V20 lt V25 THEN GOTO LOOP1 Tests to see if the Ellipse is complete N42 GO 20 1 M5 M9 Moves to Z 1 turns off t
25. F30 19101 R1 1 X 1 0825 Y 0 625 P2 F30 19101 R1 1 X1 0825 Y 0 625 P F30 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal Program Number 7 April 2005 User Manual N10 L9101 R1 2 N11 V50 R1 N12 2V51 R2 N13 60 Z 1 N14 X5 YO N15 G1 Z 0 25 F20 N16 L9101 R1 1 X5 Y1 25 F30 N17 L9101 R1 1 5 9175 Y 0 625 P2 30 18 L9101 R1 1 X6 0825 Y 0 625 0 N19 19101 R1 2 N20 V60 R1 N21 V61 R2 N22 V55 V60 V50 N23 V56 V61 V51 N24 V57 ATN V56 V55 N25 FX1 FX1 V50 N26 FY1 FY1 V50 N27 R9 V57 N28 G49 Z0 N29 GO XO YO E1 30 G68 YO R R9 51 M99 1 07 TAPER RECTANGLE GO G90 G80 G40 G49 20 5 57500 M3 M8 N4 G8 M92 5 GO YO E1 N6 Z0 05 H1 N7 G1 Z 1 687 F50 R9 0 8736 R8 1 5556 N10 R7 1 687 N11 LOOP N12 G1 Y R9 15 X R8 N14 Y R9 N15 X R8 N16 Y R9 N17 XO N18 R9 R9 00087 N19 ZR8 R8 00087 Section 18 Macros 461 Fadal Program Number 8 462 User Manual N20 R7 R7 01 N21 Z R7 N22 IF R7 GT 0 THEN LOOP N23 60 2 5 5 M9 N24 G49 Z0 EO XO YO 20 N25 M2 N107 SINE WAVE DEMO N2 L100 5 R1 0 2 0 R3 0 R4 0 ESTABLISH VALUES FOR WORDS N4 2V1 1 5 DIAMETER OF THE PART V2 625 RISE OF THE SINE WAVE 2V3 3 141593 V1 CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE PART 7 V4 90 5 V3 CALCULATE THE Q WORD R1 V4 TRANSFER Q WORD TO R1 N9 G51 1 YO SET Y AXIS MIRROR 10 617 Q R1 TUR
26. Fadal Macros and Parametric Programming Macros Parametric Programming EXAMPLE April 2005 User Manual Section 18 Macros Macros give the programmer the ability to perform arithmetic and comparison functions within a CNC program Values for variables V1 V100 can be entered from input statements or passed to the macro from R variables or from the fixture tool data and tool time tables Values from macro statements can be passed to the CNC program by using parametric variables RO R9 Macros may be used for probe functions and for part outlines where the part can be defined by an arithmetic formula Parametric programming gives the operator the ability to use a parametric R variable to represent the value of any program coding word The variables include RO and R1 R9 Parametric programming is also used to transfer data from macro variables V1 V100 to the CNC program for machine motion feed and speed 15 1 10 R2 5 R1 AND R2 ARE ASSIGNED VALUES N14 R8 7 5 5 5 5 0 R3 RA AND R5 ARE ASSIGNED VALUES N15 X R1 Y R2 G1 734 THIS LINE READS X10 Y5 G1 F34 N16 X R3 I RAJ Rb 65 THIS LINE READS X7 5 15 5 JO G3 Parametric variables are used when programming words require change during the execution of a program or need to be changed at different runs One typical use of these variables would be in the use of a subroutine or subprogram to cut a pocket The Z words in the routine may use a var
27. Label to loop to until finished N14 V12 V12 V10 Y AXIS POSITION Calculate the Y axis position N15 V13 V13 2 ANGULAR COUNT Increment the angle N16 V14 SIN V13 V2 X AXIS POSITION Calculate the X axis position N17 R4 V12 Y AXIS PASS TO R4 Transfer the Y axis position to R4 N18 R5 V14 X AXIS PASS TO R5 Transfer the X axis position to R5 N19 G1 X R5 Y R4 F20 NEXT MOVE Move to the next location N20 IF 13 LT 360 THEN GOTO LOOP Test if finished N21 GO Z1 Move to clear part N22 YO Unwrap move N23 650 1 Turn off Mirror N24 G17 Turn off Cam Wrapping N25 M17 N26 M30 End of subroutines N27 60 680 690 640 64920 Safe start line N28 T1 M6 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal Program Number 9 April 2005 User Manual Tool change N29 S2500 M3 M8 Spindle and coolant on N30 GO YO AO ZO E1 Move to position 31 Z1 H1 Move to Z 1 N32 G1 Z0 65 F15 Move to cut height Z zero is the center of the part N33 1101 Call Subroutine N34 M5 M9 Turn off spindle and coolant N35 G49 EO XO YO ZO Cancel offsets N36 G28 Go home N37 M2 End of program Ellipse An ellipse is defined as a collection of points whose locations are the sum of the distances from two fixed points such that the sum of the distances is always equal The formula is given as X Sq Sq Y Sq b Sq 1 Where is equal to the X radius of the ellipse and b is equal to the Y radius of the ellipse By re ar
28. N N11 R8 COS R3 V1 STARTING LOCATION N12 T1M6 N13 690 G80 GO 55000 E1 X R9 Y R8 N14 Z5 H1 M8 15 G81 X R9 Y R8 2 1 RO 1 F10 G98 N16 R6 R7 Set R6 equal to R7 as a value to increment the angle for each rotation N17 LOOP Label to loop to N18 668 R R7 XO YO Rotate the hole by the angle defined by R7 N19 R7 R7 R6 Add to the angle for rotation next hole N20 IF R7 lt 360 R6 THEN GOTO LOOP Test for last hole N21 G80 M5 M9 N22 G49 20 N23 G28 YO 20 N24 M2 This sub program probes two bores in line on the X axis It then resets the fixture offset to the center of the left hand bore and rotates the coordinate system to align with the C L of the bores The left hand bore will be set to XO YO The distance between bores is assumed to be 5 This dimension may be adjusted in line N14 Bores up to approximately 2 5 diameter may be checked This value will be influenced by the probe diameter and may be changed by changing the X and Y values in the L9101 R1 1 lines N1 O6 SUB PROG TO CHECK BORE C L AND ROTATE Contains the program number and a comment GO G90 G40 G49 680 20 Safe start line Section 18 Macros 449 Fadal 450 User Manual 3 YO E1 Move to YO at fixture offset 1 4 20 1 H1 Moves the probe to 1 above Z zero N5 G1 Z 0 25 F30 Moves the probe 25 below Z zero N6 M64 Turns on the probe 7 9101 R1 1 Y1 25 F30 Calls the probe routine to pick up t
29. N ON WRAPPING N11 G90 F50 12 V10 V3 180 Y AXIS INCREMENT PER 2 DEG MOVE N13 LOOP N14 4V12 V12 V10 Y AXIS POSITION 15 4V13 V15 2 ANGULAR COUNT N16 V14 SIN V15 V2 X AXIS POSITION N17 R4 V12 Y AXIS PASS TO R4 N18 R5 V14 X AXIS PASS TO R5 N19 G1 X R5 Y R4 F20 NEXT MOVE N20 V15 LT 560 THEN LOOP N21 GO Z1 N22 YO N23 G50 1 N24 G17 N25 M17 N26 M30 N27 GO G80 G90 G40 G49 Z0 N28 T1 M6 29 52500 3 M8 30 GO XO YO A0 20 E1 N31 Z1 H1 N32 G1 Z0 65 F15 N35 L101 N34 M5 9 N35 G49 XO YO 20 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal Program Number 9 April 2005 User Manual N36 G28 N37 M2 N1 09 ELLIPSE PROGRAM 2 60 G90 G80 640 G49 20 N3 T1 M6 N4 S2500 M3 M7 N5 GO XO YO ZO E1 XDIM N7 amp PRINT ENTER THE X DIMENSION 8 INPUT V1 9 4V1 V1 2 10 IF V1 LE 0 THEN GOTO XDIM N11 YDIM N12 PRINT ENTER THE Y DIMENSION N13 INPUT V10 N14 V10 V10 2 N15 IF V10 LE 0 THEN GOTO YDIM N16 V20 V1 17 V1 V1 V1 N18 V10 V10 V10 N19 R9 V20 N20 GO X R9 YO N21 20 1 H1 N22 G1 Z 0 25 F20 N23 4V25 V20 N24 LOOP N25 4V20 V20 01 N26 4V21 V20 V20 N27 V30 V21 V10 V1 N28 V31 SQR V10 V30 N29 R9 V20 N30 R8 V31 N31 G1 X R9 Y R8 F20 N32 V20 gt V25 THEN GOTO LOOP N33 100 1 54 V20 V20 01 N35 4V21 V20 V20 N36 V30 V21 V10 V1 N37 4V31 SQR V10 V30 N38 R9 V20
30. RUN G90 G0 G40 G80 G17 YO G90 GO 51000 3 E1 XO YO H1 Z0 1 M8 G81 G99 Z 1 R 0 1 F100 M45 R9 5 R8 1 R7 35 R6 1 M98 P810 G80 M5 M9 G90 GO G49 20 YO 2 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal Sub Program 810 Spiral Cut Macro April 2005 User Manual 0810 ROW amp COLUMN SUBPROGRAM R9 IS THE NUMBER OF HOLES ACROSS R8 IS THE SPACE BETWEEN X HOLES IS THE NUMBER OF HOLES DOWN R6 IS THE SPACE BETWEEN Y HOLES V1 R9 V2 R8 V3 R7 V4 R6 V5 V1 ZR5 V5 V50 0 V50 IS THE HOLE COUNTER ACROSS V60 0 V60 IS THE HOLE COUNTER DOWN V70 0 V70 IS LAST ROW COUNTER 691 RIGHT IF V50 V1 THEN GOTO BACK V50 V50 1 X R8 GOTO RIGHT BACK V60 V60 1 V50 0 ZR4 R9 R8 R8 X R4 Y R6 V60 V3 THEN GOTO LAST ZGOTO RIGHT LAST X R8 V70 V70 1 V70 V5 THEN GOTO END GOTO LAST END M99 05757 CLEAR Clears all macro variables G0 G90 G80 G40 G49 S1800 M 7 G0 G90 X0 Y0 H1Z 1 G1 Z 25 F20 Section 18 Macros 437 Fadal Drill Grid Pattern Macro Whole Number Increments 458 User Manual V7 0 Sets V7 to zero LOOP Label LOOP V7 V7 1 Add 1 to V7 7 gt 360 THEN V7 0 Reset angle if over 560 degrees V1 V1 00077 Set radial increments per degree V2 SIN V7 V1 Calculate X component V3 COS V7 V1 Calculate Y component R9 V2 Transfer value to R9 ZR8 V3 Transfer V3 value to R8 R7 V1 Transf
31. The mathematical operations of addition subtraction multiplication and division are represented by asterisk and slash respectively N11 V10 3 V12 Section 18 Macros 407 Fadal Variables Arrays EXAMPLE AX AY AZ AA AB CR CC 408 AC Axis Position Variables EXAMPLE EXAMPLE CP Clock from Power On Clock for All Run Time Clock for Current Part User Manual Variable arrays can now be used that is the subscript of a variable can now be a variable or arithmetic expression The subscript variables are D FX FY FZ H PX PY PZ PA PB R and V The subscript for a variable must not exceed the allowed range for the variable For instance the subscript for a V variable must be 1 through 99 and the subscript for a FX variable must be 1 through 48 If the variables V1 5 and V2 1 then the following are equivalent V5 1 4V 5 1 AV V1 1 AV V1 V2 1 1 AV V1 V2 1 V V SQR V2 1 Axis position variables are used to read the current location of the desired axis N79 IF AZ 12 050 THEN GOTO GETNEXT In the above example if the Z axis is at 12 050 inches by the time this line is executed then the control will jump to the line in the program with the label N99 E2 X0 YO 100 2 50 G31 F50 N101 G91 Z 05 N102 G90 N103 2 50 G31 F1 The probe will stop the 7 axis when it touches 104 AZ gt 12 050 THEN GOTO GETNEXT This variabl
32. The maximum number of characters per macro line is 65 Parametric R variables are used to transfer macro data to the CNC program EXAMPLE N1 V1 V1 2 f V2 V2 1 R1 V1 N4 R2 V2 5 60 690 8000 M3 E1 X R1 Y R2 Machine program code cannot be coded in a macro line April 2005 Section 18 Macros 405 Fadal 404 EXAMPLE User Manual 1 GO G90 V1 INT V5 10000 10000 This line is incorrect N1 V1 INT V5 10000 10000 This line is correct N2 GO G90 This line is correct Example Macro Program for a Rectangle with PRINT and INPUT Statements 0600 SUB FOR RECTANGULAR POCKET FINISH CLEAR PRINT ENTER THE POCKET LENGTH INPUT V1 Keyboard entry is transferred to V1 PRINT ENTER THE POCKET WIDTH INPUT V2 Keyboard entry is transferred to V2 R35 V1 2 R3 equals V1 divided by 2 R4 V2 2 R4 equals V2 divided by 2 R2 V1 Transfers the V1 value to R2 parameter R5 V2 Transfers the V2 value to R5 parameter GOG90Z 1 0 0 D1 Z 250G1F20 G91 G41 Y R4 X R Y R5 X R2 Y R5 X R Y R4 640 690 Cancel CRC GOG90Z 1 Safety Z move M99 End of sub program 0700 SUB FOR RECTANGULAR POCKET FINISH WITH CORNER RADIUS CLEAR PRINT ENTER THE POCKET LENGTH INPUT V1 Keyboard entry is transferred to V1 X VALUE ZPRINT ENTER THE POCKET WIDTH INPUT V2 Keyboard entry is transferred to Y VALUE PRINT ENTER THE CORNER RADIUS INPUT V3 Keyboard entry is tr
33. ansferred to V3 V4 V35 V35 Diameter R2 V1 V4_ Transfers the V1 V4 value to R2 parameter X Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal April 2005 User Manual R3 V1 2 R equals V1 divided by 2 X VALUE R4 V2 2 R4 equals V2 divided by 2 Y VALUE ZR5 V2 V4 Transfers the V2 V4 value to R5 parameter Y R6 V3 Radius R7 V2 2 V3R7 equals V2 divided by 2 minus the radius value Y ZR8 V1 2 V3R3 equals V1 divided by 2 minus the radius value X GOG90Z 1 H1Safety Z move XOYO Locate to the center of pocket D1 Diameter of tool must be in tool table Z 250G1F20 Feed down into pocket G91 G41 Y RACRC climb cut X R8 Parametric transfer to axis movement X R6 Y R6 RO R6 G3 Y R5 X R6 Y R6 RO R6 G5 X R2 Macro calculations determine the X Y moves here X R6 Y R6 RO R6 G3 Y R5 X R6 Y R6 RO R6 G5 X R8 Y R4 640 690 Cancel CRC GOG90Z 1 Safety Z move M99 End of subprogram Section 18 Macros 405 Fadal Mathematical Functions Mathematical Function Macros User Manual Macros operate with the use of mathematical functions commands and variables The variables are used in conjunction with the functions to perform calculations The characters below describe the mathematical function capabilities Older controls are required to type the Alpha Keys for the characters not on the keyboard Table 1 Mathmatical Function Macros Character Description Alpha Keys Blank Plus Positive Addition
34. anual 1 03 TOOL TIME Contains the program number and a comment GO 690 E1 YO Sets the rapid and absolute modes then moves to XO YO at fixture offset number 1 3 ZV9 TN GET THE TOOL NUMBER Assigns the number of the tool currently in the spindle to variable 9 V9 4 R9 V9 Assigns the tool number to register 9 R9 Note Lines three and four may be combined to eliminate a step ZR9 TN LOOP Contains the label LOOP This is where an IF THEN loop will send the program T R9 Commands a tool change to the tool indicated by register 9 R9 7 2 1 H R9 Applies the tool offset to 1 above Z zero G81 G98 Z 1 RO 1 F50 M45 Drills a hole N9 G91 X 5 L20 Drills twenty holes in the X axis 5 apart N10 G80 G90 M5M9 Cancels the drill cycle turns off the spindle and coolant resets the absolute mode N11 XO YO Moves back to XO YO N12 IF TU R9 lt TT R9 THEN GOTO LOOP Tests the time used against the time set in the Tool Time table If the time used is less than the time in the table program execution continues at the LOOP label in line N5 If the tool time is expected to be the same for all of the tools TT R9 may be changed to TT1 This will eliminate the need to set the tool time several places in the table all times will be checked against the value in one April 2005 Section 18 Macros 445 Fadal Program Number 4 446 User Manual table If the time used is more than t
35. art at beginning of line R8 R8 5 Increases the value in R8 for the next row V29 THEN LOOP Tests if 10 rows have been drilled 680 M5 M9 G49 Z0 GO EO XO YO ZO M2 Section 18 Macros 439 Fadal User Manual Tutorial Program Summaries Synopsis following programs have been designed as an integral part of this tutorial Each program is summarized in this section and then each program is explained line by line in the following section The last section contains listings of each program Program Number 1 This is a simple program to check the length of tool number 1 and enter this length into the tool offset table Fixture offset number 23 must contain the distance from the Z zero surface to the top of the tool probe Fixture offset number 24 must contain the X and Y location of the tool probe Program Number 2 This program is similar to program 1 in that it uses the TS 20 or TS 27 tool setting probe to check for tool condition The function of this program is to check for broken tools Program Number 3 This program gets the tool number for the tool the spindle then uses that tool to drill a set of holes It then checks the time that the drill is cutting against the time entered in the tool table If the time is less than the total time in the table then the routine will continue Once the time has exceeded the time allowed the program will increment the tool number and load the next tool This process will conti
36. celed by a G67 N26 M45 Will execute the subroutine at this location N27 X1 Moves to X1 and executes the subroutine N28 X2 Moves to X2 and executes the subroutine N29 G67 Cancels execution of the subroutine N30 GO 690 HO ZO Sets absolute and rapid modes Cancels tool length offset and moves to ZO N31 EO XO YO Cancels the fixture offset and moves to XO YO N32 M2 End of program This program will drill a circular bolt hole pattern as defined by the user The Sine and Cosine functions are used to define the X and Y dimensions for the first hole The program then rotates the hole an amount determined by the number of holes N1 O5 BOLT PATTERN Program number and comment 2 CLEAR Clears all variable registers N3 ZPRINT YO IS THE CENTER OF THE PATTERN USING FIXTURE OFFSET 1 N4 ZPRINT R5 IS THE NUMBER OF HOLES BE DRILLED N5 ZPRINT R4 IS THE DIAMETER OF THE HOLE PATTERN Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal Program Number 6 April 2005 User Manual N6 PRINT R3 IS THE STARTING ANGLE Lines three through six tell the operator where everything is 7 R5 10 R4 5 55 50 Defines the parameters for the part 8 R7 360 R5 ANGLE BETWEEN HOLES Sets R7 as the angle between holes It is to be used in the G68 line to rotate the hole 9 V1 R4 2 RADIUS OF THE BOLT PATTERN Determines the radius of the bolt pattern for X Y calculations N10 R9 SIN RS V1 X STARTING LOCATIO
37. ding N15 G91 G10 102 X2 P1 N16 IF FX1 gt 30 THEN GOTO SUBS Read the X value of fixture one N N24 SUBS N25 691 610102 X 2 P1 N26 Y 1 27 515 April 2005 Section 18 Macros 409 User Manual Fadal EXAMPLE H1 H99 Tool Length Offset Variables EXAMPLE EXAMPLE HO TL VF Macro Variables EXAMPLE 410 Writing N63 FX1 FX1 2 These variables are used to read the current value of any tool length offset from the tool table It can also be used to establish or write a value in the table The current value for any tool length offset can be changed by placing the variable on the left side of the equal sign Reading N34 IF H16 10 67 THEN GOTO NOTOOL N35 IF H16 0 THEN GOTO STOPIT N144 NOTOOL N145 R6 V6 1 N146 M6 T R6 Writing N654 H535 16 The TL and VF macros are single variables returning the index of the tool offset table and index of the fixture offset table The O HO and G macros arrays returning inputs manipulating spare outputs relative user selected home positions and the current value of the G codes All inputs and outputs are available from the 1040 2 card Fadal reserves the right to use and change any input and output pins at any time N104PRINT 1 3 N2040 2 1 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal EXAMPLE Layout of Macro User Manual The inputs 1 are use
38. direct each equation Processing will stop if the commands are incorrectly used Computational errors will cause an error message to be printed on the screen The processing of macros can be executed step by step using the DEBUG command CLEAR is used to zero macro variables The variables may need to be cleared at the beginning of a macro routine or at some place within the program The CLEAR macro can zero one variable at a time or a range or list of variables If the CLEAR statement is left blank ALL variables V1 V100 are cleared Note It is recommended that all variables be cleared at the start of each program ZCLEAR This zeroes all macro variables CLEAR V1 This line will zero only variable V1 CLEAR V1 V20 This line will zero variables V1 through V20 CLEAR V3 V7 V15 V30 V45 V60 This line will zero variables V5 through V7 then V15 and 30 then V45 through V60 The GOTO statement is used to redirect the program When used separately the program is redirected to the line number or label indicated 5 V1 1 This sets V1 equal to 1 NA IF V1 gt 2 THEN GOTO INSIDE This checks the value of V1 If V1 is less than or equal to 1 continue at N5 if the value of V1 is greater than 1 then continue at label INSIDE N5 X1 0 Y 2 5 G1 X3 6 5 0 N15 INSIDE This is label INSIDE Section 18 Macros 417 Fadal User Manual N16 V2 V17 This line transfers the multiplication of V2 V17 to R5 parameter N
39. e will return the accumulated time stored since power on This variable will return the accumulated time for all of the time while the control was in auto mode This variable will return the accumulated time of the program currently being executed The SETP page must have the TIMERS ON for the accumulated time to register Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal User Manual D1 D99 Tool These variables are used to read the current value of any diameter radius from Diameter Radius tool table It can also be used to establish or write a value in the table Variables current value for any diameter can be changed by placing the variable on the left side of the equal sign EXAMPLE Reading Diameters N20 IF D5 505 THEN GOTO END N N349 END N350 MO N350 PRINT TOOL DIAMETER 5 SHOULD BE NO LARGER THAN 505 EXAMPLE Writing Diameters N89 D2 D2 01 This line will read the current value of diameter offset 2 then write a new diameter for 2 01 larger into the tool table FX1 FX48 FY1 These variables are used to read the current value of each fixture offset It can 48 FZ1 FZ48 also be used to establish or write a value in the table The current value of any 1 48 1 fixture offset can be changed by placing the variable on the left side of the FB48 Fixture Offset equal sign Variables FY3 Read write the Y of fixture three FZ34 Read Write the Z of fixture thirty four EXAMPLE Rea
40. eive data input and to display a print statement It is assumed that a print statement will request some action from the operator A PRINT statement only displays to the screen PRINT will not halt program execution and therefore may scroll off of the screen before the operator can read it Section 18 Macros 427 Fadal User Manual EXAMPLE ZPRINT ENTER THE DIAMETER OF THE END MILL V100 Program Branching LABELS labels designate a place in the program where program execution may be directed when preselected conditions have or have not been met Labels are unaffected by program renumbering and take the form LABEL Nothing else may appear on the line The call to a label will include the colon followed by the name of the label Each label in a program must have a unique name If there are any duplicate names program execution will always go to the first label in the program Labels may be any alphanumeric the programmer chooses Labels must be preceded by a colon and there may be no comments or other code in the line with the label A label indicates a place in the program where program execution may continue after a jump This may be a routine that is to be repeated several times or a routine that is to be executed only when certain conditions are met To make a program easier to read labels should describe the operation taking place Such as LOOP JUMPBACK GOTO The GOTO statement may also be used in a line by itself t
41. er V1 value to R7 G2 9 Y R8 F30 R R7 Machines part to macro calculations V1 10 THEN GOTO LOOP Stop when 10 inches N20 GO Z 1 M5 9 N21 G28 N22 M2 The following is a simple program to drill a grid of 100 holes in a 10 by 10 pattern The program begins with normal G code programming then clears the values in the variable registers to ensure a proper count for our loops It uses the variable V1 for the X position counter and V2 for the Y position counter These values will be passed to the R9 and R8 registers for use in the G code portion of the program Only one label will be required for the loop The first IF THEN statement will check to see when all of the holes in the X axis are drilled When the count reaches 10 program execution will fall out of the loop The next statement zeroes re initializes the X axis counter and the following statement increments the Y axis value The second IF THEN statement checks to see when all of the rows in the Y axis have been drilled In this program the values in the variable registers serve as counters as well as the value to increment for each X and Y move O1234 DRILL GRID 10 1 X STEPS 10 1 Y STEPS G90 680 G40 6020 52500 M3 M7 GO XO YO E1 Z1H1 681 YO Z 75 1 698 20 CLEAR Sets all variable registers to zero LOOP Label for the loop V1 V1 1 Increases the value in V1 by 1 R9 V1 Assigns the value in V1 to R9 ZR8 V2 Assigns the value in to R8 X R
42. f variable register V1 are equal to 1 then make the contents of variable register 20 equal to the contents of variable V5 This IF THEN statement would be used to set or reset the value of variable register V20 to the value in V5 once V1 is set to 1 AND OR and NOT Logical Operators AND OR and NOT are logical operators that allow the programmer to construct compound tests from one or more expressions In BASIC a compound Boolean expression is created by connecting two Boolean expressions with a logical operator The FADAL macro language allows logical operators The number of logical operators a statement is limited by the maximum number of characters allowed on a single line 63 This includes all spaces and the pound sign A good rule for writing compound expressions is to always verify that the statement will evaluate to both a TRUE and a FALSE condition The items being compared must be segregated with parentheses to avoid confusion in lengthy or complex statements This will also ensure that the statements components are evaluated in the order that the programmer intended 450 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal Counting Loops April 2005 EXAMPLE EXAMPLE EXAMPLE EXAMPLE User Manual Example 1 AND IF V1 GT V2 AND V1 LT V3 THEN GOTO LOOP This first example is true only if expression 1 and expression 2 are both true then control jumps to the label LOOP Example 2 OR IF V
43. fth place use this equation V1 INT V5 10000 10000 The value of V5 will be rounded to the fifth place and V1 will be used for the rounded number This example only affects the individual line SGN SGN is used to determine the sign of a value EXAMPLE V50 SGN V77 V78 If V77 V78 is a positive value then 50 is 1 If V77 V78 is zero then 50 is 1 If V77 V78 is a negative value then V50 is 1 SIN SIN will return the sine of an angle See the macro SET command for selecting degrees or radians EXAMPLE V56 SIN V34 V72 If V34 and V72 represent angles V56 would then be equal to the sine of the sum of the two angles To calculate mathematical function Inverse Sine of an angle use the following formula ARCSIN angle ATN angle SQR 1 angle angle SIN COS calculate mathematical function Tangent of an angle use the following formula TANGENT angle SIN angle COS angle 416 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal EXAMPLE SQR EXAMPLE Macro Commands April 2005 CLEAR EXAMPLE EXAMPLE GOTO EXAMPLE User Manual V12 SIN 50 COS 30 V12 would be equal to the tangent function of a 50 degree angle SQR will return the square root of a number If the number is negative an error is printed and the program will halt V46 SQR 9 V46 would be equal to 5 V45 SQR V1 V63 V29 V45 would be equal to the square root of V1 V63 V29 Macro commands help
44. gn a value to a V variable use the equal sign Ex V1 10 V1 V2 V1 R9 V1 SIN V10 any valid Macro function may be used to assign a value to a Macro variable The R variables may also be assigned values in the same manner as a V variable In addition values may be directly assigned outside of a Macro statement using a or The value passed to an R variable in this manner must be either a number or another R variable R9 10 R8 18 R7 R6 PRINT statements are used to display messages on the screen for the operator Anything written that will not change must be enclosed in quotes Any values represented by V or R variables must be outside of the quotes and separated by a comma PRINT V10 ZPRINT CHANGE PART PRINT THIS IS PART NUMBER 10 PRINT THIS IS PART NUMBER V10 THERE ARE V11 PARTS LEFT SCREEN DISPLAY 36920 CHANGE PART THIS IS PART NUMBER 56920 THIS IS PART NUMBER 56920 THERE ARE 121 PARTS LEFT An INPUT statement requires that a variable register be specified to receive the input value this may be requested by the PRINT statement The operator will enter a requested value and that value will be placed in the variable register specified in the INPUT statement then continue program operation Pressing the return key without entering a value will enter a zero 0 in the variable register specified and continue program execution The INPUT statement is used to halt program execution to rec
45. gram easier to read labels should describe the operation taking place Such as LOOP JUMPBACK PRINT The PRINT statement is used to print text and data to the screen Note Text that is to be displayed MUST be enclosed in quotation marks EXAMPLE N4 V6 25 45 N5 PRINT THE VALUE CALCULATED V6 IS THE X VALUE Using a comma to separate the variable from the text the screen display is as follows THE VALUE CALCULATED 25 45 IS THE X VALUE Note Do not use a semicolon to separate the variable from the text SET The SET command is used to change macro parameters There are five parameters to establish using the SET command They are DEBUG RUN RND DEGREES and RADIANS Setting DEGREES or RADIANS affects the SIN COS and ATN commands The SET commands are inputted after entering the machine command MA at the command prompt or in the macro program The DEGREES and RADIANS parameters may also be set within a macro as described below The SET command without specifying the setting function restores all SET parameters to the default EXAMPLE Example MA SET RND5 The sign is not required when using the MA command This Command is typed at ENTER NEXT COMMAND Prompt 420 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal EXAMPLE SET DEBUG SET DEGREES April 2005 RADIANS SET RND EXAMPLE User Manual Macro Example N24 SET RADIANS N25 V2 ATN V1 N26 PRINT V2 N27 SET DEGREES N28
46. has subroutines Subroutines are not allowed in a subprogram this is the reason why this START command is used This command can be used to link many user main programs It executes a jump only No return will occur The START command would generally be used in place of an M2 or M30 at the end of each program being linked When the next program is called the operator must press the AUTO button again to run the next program 422 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal AND OR and NOT April 2005 EXAMPLE EXAMPLE EXAMPLE User Manual N3245 GO G90 G49 ZO 3246 EO XO YO 3247 START 7 This calls a jump to program 07 WAIT This command temporarily pauses processing of the program lines at the line with the WAIT command Processing will continue when the execution buffer is completely exhausted This might be used to Print out a message when the program is completely finished The control will print out through the RS 232 port during the preprocess period unless the WAIT command is used The WAIT command is also used to have the machine absolutely stationary before printing out the current location of the machine using the axis variables 256 G1 631 Z 30 F1 N257 WAIT N258 SPRINT POINT V5 X AX Y AY In line N257 the control will stop processing the program and wait for the execution buffer to be exhausted before executing line N258 which would print out the current location of the machine Note The e
47. he first point in the first bore L9101 R1 1 X 1 0825 Y 0 625 P2 F30 Calls the probe routine to pick up the second point in the first bore 9 19101 R1 1 X1 0825 Y 0 625 P F30 Calls the probe routine to pick up the third point in the first bore N10 L9101 R1 2 Calculates the diameter and center point of the first bore N11 ZV50 R1 Stores the X location of the first bore in V50 N12 V51 R2 Stores the Y location of the first bore in V51 N13 602 1 Moves to Z 1 N14 X5 YO Moves to the estimated center point of the second bore N15 G1 Z 0 25 F20 Moves to Z 25 N16 L9101 R1 1 X5 Y1 25 P1 F30 Calls the probe routine to pick up the first point in the second bore N17 L9101 R1 1 5 9175 Y 0 625 P2 F30 Calls the probe routine to pick up the second point in the second bore N18 L9101 R1 1 X6 0825 Y 0 625 P F30 Calls the probe routine to pick up the third point in the second bore 19 19101 R1 2 Calculates the diameter and center point of the second bore N20 V60 R1 Stores the X location of the second bore in V60 N21 V61 R2 Stores the Y location of the second bore in V61 N22 V55 V60 V50 Calculates the X distance from the first bore to the second bore N23 V56 V61 V51 Calculates the Y distance from the first bore to the second bore Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal Program Number 7 April 2005 User Manual N24 V57 ATN V56 V55 Calculates the angular rotation off of 0 N25 FX1 FX1 V50 Se
48. he spindle and coolant N43 G49 20 EO XO YO Cancels offsets returns to Zero N44 G28 Returns home N45 M2 End of program Section 18 Macros 457 Fadal Tutorial Program Listings Program Number 1 Program Number 2 458 User Manual N1 099 CHECK TOOL 2 690 60 E24 Y 25 S250 M4 5 M65 4 H1 E23 Z1 G1 631 Z 1 F20 N6 G91 Z 05 N7 G90 S500 N8 G1 G31 Z 1F1 N9 R9 AZ N10 ZR8 R9 FZ25 N11 G10 L10 P1 RO R8 N12 M5 GO 15 GO G90 20 N14 EO XO YO 20 N15 M99 N1 O2 SUB TO CHECK FOR TOOL BREAKAGE N2 G90 GO E24 X0 Y 25 S250 M4 N3 ZR8 TN 4 H99 H R8 H99 H99 F23 5 N7 H99 Z1 TOOL LENGTH ENTERED IN OFFSET 499 TO PROBE G1 Z 1 N9 G1 G31 YO N10 4R9 AY N11 60 Y 25 N12 Z0 GO EO YO N13 R9 0 THEN GOTO EXIT N14 MO N15 N16 M99 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal Program Number 3 Program Number 4 April 2005 User Manual 1 03 TOOL TIME 2 60 G90 E1 YO 5 V9 TN GET THE TOOL NUMBER N4 R9 V9 LOOP N6 M6 T R9 7 7 1 H R9 8 G81 698 Z 1 0 1 F50 M45 N9 G91 X 5 L20 N10 G80 G90 M5M9 N11 XO YO N12 TU R9 TT R9 THEN GOTO LOOP N13 4R9 R9 1 N14 TU R9 0 N15 R9 22 THEN GOTO LOOP N16 M2 1 04 BIG DRILL N2 L100 5 G1 G91 F5 Z R6 4 G4 P R4 5 V10 AZ IF V10 V1 THEN GOTO N 7 V10 0 N8 G90 G1 Z 1F50 N9 M17 N10 M30 N11 CLEAR
49. he time set in the Tool Time Table program execution will continue on the next line N13 R9 R9 1 Increments the tool number by one N14 ZTU R9 0 Resets the Time used in the Tool Time table to Zero N15 R9 22 THEN GOTO LOOP Tests the value of R9 to see if all of the tools have been used If the tool number is 21 or lower program execution will continue at LOOP line N5 If the tool number is greater than 21 program execution will continue on the next line NOTE The test value may be changed to test for more or fewer tools N16 M2 End program code This program takes the diameter of a large drill then calculates the amount of each peck and the minimum dwell time required to relieve pressure on the drill This allows the machine to more efficiently drill a large hole with less strain on the machine The formula used takes the number of milliseconds in a minute 60 000 divided by the RPM multiplied by 75 60000 RPM equals the dwell time for one Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal April 2005 User Manual complete revolution Multiplying 75 gives 3 4 revolution to relieve the pressure N1 O4 BIG DRILL Contains the program number and a comment N2 L100 Subroutine number one 3 G1 G91 F5 Z R6 Sets incremental mode feed at 5 IPM to Z minus the value in register 6 R6 4 G4 P R4 Dwell for the amount of time indicated by the value in R4 5 V10 AZ Enters the current Z position into V10 IF V
50. hes this point in the program This will keep the counter from incrementing until the event being counted actually occurs Counting loops are best placed at the end of the program FADAL Macro Language Examples D Hole Macro 1 Move the center of the D Hole a his move can be made incrementally but this macro switches to abso lute So remember if you are programming in incremental enter the G91 code on the next line of the program after the call to this macro 2 Position the Z axis to the desired Z depth 3 Establish a feed rate 4 Use a D word to establish the tool diameter offset to use a This macro assumes that the tool diameter is entered into the tool table b Fortool tables set up for radius Y enter the radius 5 Type the R words and M98 P800 R5 Use 0 for CW and 1 for CCW R6 Circle radius R7 Blend radius R8 Distance to the line R9 Angle 432 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal EXAMPLE Sub Program 800 April 2005 User Manual 01 D HOLE EXAMPLE MAIN PROGRAM TOOL 1 5 DRILL M6 T1 G90 60 5000 3 E1 X2 3 H1 Z 1 M8 G81 G99 R0 1 Z 6 F40 X2 3 G80 M5 M9 G90 60 64920 TOOL 2 5 55 2FL EM M6 T2 G90 60 57000 3 E1 X2 3 H2 Z 1 M8 2 5 G1 F30 F45 D2 R5 1 R6 2 R7 5 R8 7 R9 0 M98 P800 Z 1 G0 M5 M9 G49 Z0 EO YO M2 N10800 D HOLE MACRO SUB PROGRAM N2 1ST MOVE TO D HOLE CENTER THEN POS Z AXIS N3 R5 0 FOR CW 1 FOR
51. iable to cut many different levels The L word for the subroutine call may use a variable to change the number of times that the sub is called The R variable used for the L word must indicate the subroutine number and number of repetitions see the example below The X Y and J of a circular move can all be changed by parametric programming All program words can use a parametric variable Parametric programming is also used when programmer is considering a generic program for a family of parts Note When variables are used as values a positive or negative symbol must be used between the two variables R9 R2 R8 R2 This is also true when Section 18 Macros 401 Fadal R Variable Definition EXAMPLE Example Program for 402 Parametric Programming User Manual using radius designation for circular moves or for the minimum clearance plane description with fixed cycles R variables are defined by coding the R word or symbol and a value N12 R8 50 0 This is variable R8 defined as 50 0 N13 F R8 The R6 transfers a value of 50 0 for the feed rate Note Variables must be defined in the beginning of the program or just before they are used in the program Variables are modal and retain their values after the termination of a program after an HO and after exiting from MDI R variables do not have table storage like macro V variables The programmer should always specify a value for an R variable otherwise the last p
52. in the program There are ten R registers numbered RO to R9 Since the control uses RO through R4 in various fixed cycles it is usually advantageous to pass values to the R registers starting with R9 and proceeding backwards to RO Be careful not to step on any values in use Re assign values if necessary These variables are used in macro language statements N88 V1 V2 V3 Variable arrays can now be used that is the subscript of a variable can now be a variable or arithmetic expression The subscript variables are D FX FY FZ H PX PY PZ PA PB R and V The subscript for a variable must not exceed the allowed range for the variable For instance the subscript for a V variable must be 1 through 99 and the subscript for a FX variable must be 1 through 48 Section 18 Macros 425 Fadal EXAMPLE AX AY AZ AA AB 426 AC Axis Position Variables EXAMPLE CLEAR EXAMPLE User Manual If the variables 155 and V2 1 then the following are equivalent V5 1 4V 5 1 AV V1 1 AV V1 V2 1 1 AV V1 V2 1 V V SQR V2 1 Axis position variables are used to read the current location of the desired axis N79 IF AZ gt 12 050 THEN GOTO GETNEXT In the above example if the Z axis is at 12 050 inches by the time this line is executed then the control will jump to the line in the program with the label GETNEXT N99 E2 X0 Y0 100 2 50 G31 F50 N101 G91 Z 05 N102 G90 N103 2 50 G31 F1 The
53. l is broken it will not make contact with the tool probe and will complete the move to YO If the value of R9 is greater than zero the THEN portion of the command will cause program execution to continue on the line with the EX Tlabel If the value of R9 is zero this line will cause no action The program will continue with the next line N14 MO Halts program execution If the tool is broken the program will halt execution here A ZPRINT statement could be used here to alert the operator to a broken tool N15 EXIT This is the label for the jump from line 15 to continue program execution N16 M99 Code to return from sub program It will return control to the main or calling program This program gets the tool number for the tool in the spindle then uses that tool to drill a set of holes It then checks the time that the drill is cutting against the time entered in the tool table If the time is less than the total time in the table then the routine will continue Once the time has exceeded the time allowed the program will increment the tool number and load the next tool This process will continue until all tools in the tool changer have been used In order for this program to function properly the timers must be set to 2 00 NOT CHECK This function is found on page two of the parameters In addition all tools to be used must be loaded and their respective tool lengths entered in the tool table Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal User M
54. n bores is assumed to be 5 This dimension may be adjusted in line N14 Bores up to approximately 2 5 dia may be checked This value will be influenced by the probe diameter and may be changed by modifying the X and Y values in the L9101 R1 1 lines This program will cut a rectangular pocket with tapered sides The pocket will have been roughed to the bottom finish size The angle of the sides in this example is five degrees and the Z step will be 01 The calculation for the X and Y axis step over is Tan 5 01 the step over distance The tangent point for the bottom of the pocket must be calculated for the start dimensions If the pocket is through the Z depth will be equal to the depth of the bottom of the pocket plus 1 2 the diameter of the ball nose end mill that is being used The X Y shift amount would be equal to the radius of the cutter divided by the COS of the angle EX 1875 COS 5 1875 99619 1882 would be the correction factor for a 5 8 end mill at 5 degrees If the pocket is not a through pocket Z depth will be equal to the depth of the pocket minus 1 2 the diameter of the ball end mill The X Y shift amount would use the same calculations as the through pocket plus a correction factor for the difference in depth which would be TAN of the Angle times the Radius of the cutter EX TAN 5 1875 087488 1875 0164 This is the depth factor Subtract this from the Angle factor 1882 for the total correction factor 1882 0
55. nue until all tools in the tool changer have been used In order for this program to function properly the timers must be set to 2 DO NOT CHECK This function is found on page two of the parameters In addition all tools to be used must be loaded and their respective tool lengths entered in the tool table Program Number 4 This program takes the diameter of a large drill then calculates the amount of each peck and the minimum dwell time required to relieve pressure on the drill This allows the machine to more efficiently drill a large hole with less strain on the machine The formula used takes the number of milliseconds in a minute 60 000 divided by the RPM multiplied by 75 60000 RPM equals the dwell time for one complete revolution Multiplying by 75 gives 3 4 revolution to relieve the pressure Program Number 5 This program will drill a circular bolt hole pattern as defined by the user The Sine and Cosine functions are used to define the X and Y dimensions for the first hole The program then rotates the hole an amount determined by the number of holes Program Number 6 This sub program probes two bores in line on the X axis It then resets the fixture offset to the center of the left hand bore and rotates the coordinate system to align with the C L of the bores The left hand bore will be set to XO 440 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal Program Number 7 Program Number 8 April 2005 User Manual YO The distance betwee
56. o redirect program execution In this form it is an unconditional jump meaning there are no conditions to be met for the jump Program execution is directed to the specified line or label EXAMPLE GOTON45 OR GOTO LABEL These lines will cause program execution to branch to the line or label specified GOTO statements may address a line number directly however if the program is re numbered it will be necessary to verify that all of the addresses have not changed The control WILL NOT update any N words in GOTO statements when a program is re numbered A preferred method is to use macro labels IF THEN The IF THEN statement provides the FADAL macro programming language the flexibility necessary for compact powerful programs It takes the form IF some condition is true THEN do something or go to an address The condition to be met may be a simple statement comparing some A to some B EXAMPLE V1 V2 This compare statement looks for equal values in variables V1 and V2 V1 8 428 Section 18 Macros April 2003 Fadal EXAMPLE Symbolic Operators April 2005 EXAMPLE EXAMPLE User Manual This compare statement checks to see if the content of variable V1 is equal to 8 Some valid equalities VI R1 R1 V1 V1 SIN V2 V5 TN The condition may also be a Boolean Equation IF V1 V2 35 Which reads if V1 times V2 equals V3 or V1 V2 gt V3 Which reads if V1 times V2 is not equal to V3 The Boolean operators
57. ols N1 O2 SUB TO CHECK FOR TOOL BREAKAGE Contains the program number and a comment 690 60 E24 25 S250 4 Sets absolute and rapid modes moves to X0 Y 25 on the touch probe and turns the spindle on backward at 250 RPM Make sure the Y axis move will clear the tool probe N3 R8 TN Sets register 8 R8 equal to the tool number 4 H99 H R8 Sets tool offset number 99 H99 equal to the tool offset indicated in register 8 R8 5 999 99 223 Adds the correction factor for the difference from 2 zero to the top of the probe Note Lines Four and Five may be combined to eliminate a step Section 18 Macros 443 Fadal Program Number 3 444 User Manual 4 ZH99 H R8 FZ23 N6 M65 Turns on the tool probe N7 H99 Z1 TOOL LENGTH ENTERED IN OFFSET 99 TO PROBE Applies the corrected tool length offset to one inch above the tool probe N8 G1 Z 1 Brings the tip of the tool below the edge of the probe N9 G1 G51 YO Turns on the probe skip function and moves the tool into the tool probe N10 R9 AY Reads the Y axis position into register number 9 R9 N11 GO Y 25 Moves the tool off of the tool probe N12 20 60 EO XO YO Cancels all offsets and sends the machine to the home position N13 IF R9 0 THEN Tests the value of R9 If the value of R9 is greater than Zero the tool is not broken This is because once the tool makes contact with the probe axis motion is stopped If the too
58. r inputs available from the J2 connector on the 1040 2A card Pin 1 on the J2 connector is given by a little arrow visible on top of the connector 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 Input 1 J2 pin 17 Input 5 J2 pin 19 Input 5 J2 pin 21 Renishaw Probe Ext Slide Hold Spindle Orient Slide external Low range out Indexer arm sw Drawbar down Oiler Arm at storage J2 pin 10 Pallet at A J2 pin 12 Door Open J2 pin 14 Inhibit J2 pin 16 Input 2 J2 pin 18 Input 4 J2 pin 20 Input 6 J2 pin 22 Scale Error Slide Home Turret return Orient Arm Home Indexer stop sw ATC fault High range out Arm at Table J2 pin 9 Y Aligned J2 pin 11 Pallet at B J2 pin 15 Door Closed J2 pin 15 The input values contained in the l array are either O the input is low on or 1 the input is high off April 2005 Section 18 Macros 411 Fadal User Manual EXAMPLE Layout of G Macro Group G codes current interpolation type Contains G code plus one as follows 1 GO point to point 2 G1 linear 3 G2 circular clockwise CW 4 G3 circular counter clockwise CCW G 2 Group B G codes current plane for circular algorithms G 3 Group C G codes current cutter radius compensation mode G 4 Group D G codes current Canned Cycle CC mode G 5 Group G codes current absolute incremental mode G 6 Group F G codes current mode for return in Canned Cycle G 7 current loca
59. ranging the formula to solve for Y we obtain Y Square Root of b2 X2 b2 a2 Because the formula solves for plus or minus Y we will need two loops to complete the ellipse one for the and one for the Y The X axis will be incremented in 01 steps Formula Y Square Root of b2 X2 602 2 N1 09 ELLIPSE PROGRAM Program number and a comment GO G90 G80 G40 G49 20 Safe start line N T1 Call tool one 4 52500 M5 M7 Spindle on coolant on N5 GO XO YO 20 E1 Rapid to the middle of the part XDIM Section 18 Macros 455 Fadal 456 User Manual Label to loop to if invalid data entered N7 PRINT ENTER THE X DIMENSION Print statement asking the operator to enter data N8 ZINPUT V1 Input statement to accept the requested data 9 V1 V1 2 Calculates the X radius N10 ZIF V1 LE 0 THEN GOTO XDIM Tests for acceptable data N11 YDIM Label to loop to if invalid data is entered N12 ZPRINT ENTER THE Y DIMENSION Print statement asking the operator for more information N13 ZINPUT V10 Input statement to accept requested information N14 V10 V10 2 Calculates the Y radius N15 ZIF V10 LE 0 THEN GOTO YDIM Tests for invalid information N16 V20 V1 Copies the value in V1 to V20 N17 V1 V1 V1 Squares the contents of V1 This is the a value N18 V10 V10 V10 Squares the contents of 10 This is the b value N19 ZR9 V20 Transfers the X location to R9 N20 GO X R
60. rogrammed value will be used and will result in unpredictable machining The parametric R variables are defined in the main program on lines 52 and 57 and in the subroutine on line 19 of the program below The R variables are modal they remain effective until the same R variable is redefined Note that on line 21 of the program below the R1 variable is changed but the R2 variable remains in effect N01 L100 SUB CUT SLOT 2 R1 Z R2 SUB amp REPS R3 RADIUS OF SLOT R4 DIA OF SLOT N03 1 Z R1 G1 4 3 G41 N05 L R2 N06 X R3 G40 N07 X1 N08 L200 SUB FOR SLOT N09 X R3 Y R3 I R5 65 N10 X1 N11 Y R4 J R5 G5 N12 X 1 N13 5 Y R3 J R5 G5 N14 L300 CUT SLOT N15 Z0 01 G1 N16 R1 0 1 2 201 N17 G91 N18 L102 N19 R1 0 05 N20 L101 Section 18 Macros April 2003 Fadal User Manual N21 R1 0 01 R2 202 N22 L101 N23 GO G49 G90 Z0 1 N24 M17 N25 M30 N26 N27 MAIN PROGRAM N28 60 690 8000 M3 E1 X1 5 Y 0 876 N29 R1 Z R2 SUB amp REPS R3 RADIUS OF SLOT R4 DIA OF SLOT N30 H1 Z0 1 M7 N31 Z0 01 G1 F30 N32 R3 0 19 R4 0 38 N33 L301 N34 X4 Y 0 876 N35 L301 N36 X4 Y 3 45 N37 R3 0 255 R4 0 51 N38 L301 N39 X1 5 Y 3 45 Macros Each macro line is identified by using the symbol at the beginning of a line in the program Macros can reside in a main program subroutine or in a subprogram Macros may be used during AUTO MDI Manual Data Input DNC and at the command line
61. ros 421 Fadal User Manual SETRUN This command is used to exit the DEBUG mode Using the MA command enter SET RUN to exit the DEBUG mode or enter SET RUN in the macro program The program may then be executed The SINPUT command is used to wait for and accept data though the RS 232 port during execution of a macro When the SINPUT statement is executed the program processing stops until the control receives data through the RS 232 The control will not look ahead of the line with the SPRINT macro command The LOOK AHEAD process begins when data is received through the RS 232 port The data sent to the port must terminate with a carriage return EXAMPLE ZCLEAR N2 ZPRINT WAIT NOW ENTERING THE POCKET LENGTH DATA 5 ZSINPUT V1 ZPRINT WAIT NOW ENTERING THE POCKET WIDTH DATA 5 SINPUT V2 SPRINT SPRINT command is used to send data out through the RS 232 port Text and variable data can be sent The SPRINT statement prints through the RS 232 port the same as the PRINT statement displays to the screen Note Text must be enclosed in quotation marks EXAMPLE N45 SPRINT PART NUMBER V4 DATA N44 SPRINT X AX Y AY In line N43 the words part number and data are considered to be text If the value of V4 is 98645 then N43 would print out PART NUMBER 98645 DATA START The START macro is used to jump to another program This is used in a situation where the program being called
62. sition can be used for any calculation or can be output through the RS 232 port with the print command The printed line will read as follows Section 18 Macros 413 Fadal User Manual POINT 1 IS X18 5 Y17 65 RO R9 Parametric These variables are used to pass data from the macro to the CNC program Variables lines Parametric parameters RO R9 are also used for fixed subs and fixed cycles see Parametric Programming EXAMPLE N15 R2 V56 N16 Z R2 G1 F20 17 9201 RO 1 R1 0 R2 25 R3 0 R4 1 Z RO F R8 ENGRAVING TN Tool Number This variable will return the numerical value of the current tool in the spindle This number is determined by the last MG T executed from the program EXAMPLE N32 V1 TN This would result in V1 being equal to the current tool number TT Tool Time This variable will return the time entered in the time table for life expectancy of a specified offset Note The TT and TU macro are active when the SETP parameters for tool time are enabled On One of the options 2 5 must be selected EXAMPLE 12 1 3 This will result in V1 being equal to the tool time entered in the time table TU Tool Used variables accumulate the total amount of time that a specific tool has been in use For example if tool 5 is used for ten minutes then TU5 10 If tool 5 is used for another seven minutes then TU5 17 TU variables are retained between part runs and when powering down the machine After a tool change
63. t line in the program When N words are used for the THEN part of the statement they are NOT renumbered when the NU command is used in the control If the program is renumbered then the N word must be altered to match the program Note The THEN part of the statement may also use labels See Label definitions 418 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal April 2005 EXAMPLE EXAMPLE INDEX EXAMPLE INPUT EXAMPLE User Manual Example 1 200 IF V1 gt V2 THEN GOTO 201 E2 YO 299 PARTS N300 YO In line N200 if it is true that V1 is greater than V2 then the program will jump to line number 500 If V1 is not greater than V2 the program will skip to line N201 The THEN part of the statement may contain any valid macro statement Example 2 N100 IF V5 V6 lt 0 THEN V7 ABS V5 V6 In line N100 if the sum of V5 plus V6 is less than or equal to zero then let the value of V7 be the absolute value of the sum of V5 plus V6 The INDEX macro is used to send indexer code directly to the FADAL indexer This feature is only available when used with the FADAL indexer For more information on the FADAL indexer see the indexer manual N5 INDEX M1 A90 F300 This sends CNC code to the FADAL indexer to move the indexer 90 degrees at a feed rate of 500 The INPUT command is used to allow the operator to enter program data during execution of the macro When the INPUT
64. tion of spindle with respect to starting point reference plane 0 spindle at 0 initial plane 1 7 spindle at R1 412 Section 18 Macros April 2005 Fadal EXAMPLE EXAMPLE PX1 PB1 PX2 PB2 PX3 PB3 Probe Touch Point April 2005 Variables EXAMPLE User Manual Layout of O Macro O 1 Output 1 J2 pin 6 O 2 Output 2 J2 pin 7 O 3 Output 5 J2 pin 8 The output is updated when a value is assigned to one of the slots in O array If a zero 0 is assigned to O 1 then the output on J2 pin 6 is pulled low Any other value than zero assigned to the output will cause the output to float Layout of HO Macro The HO array contains values that represent the location of user selected home relative to absolute position for all axes HO 1 X axis HO 6 W axis HO 2 Y axis HO 7 A axis HO 3 Z axis HO 8 B axis HO 4 U axis HO 9 C axis HO 5 V axis These variables are used to read the current value of the touch points PX1 would read the current X axis value of touch point P1 PY1 would return the value for the Y axis location of touch point P1 and PZ1 returns the Z axis value The values for ONLY three touch points are available The values for the X Y Z A and B axis may be read N197 V1 1 N198 R8 V1 199 G1 G31 X20 Y25 25 P R1 200 PRINT POINT V1 IS X PX1 Y PY1 After touching a point with the probe the position P1 is now in memory and each axis po
65. ts fixture offset one X location to the center of the first bore N26 FY1 FY1 V50 Sets fixture offset one Y location to the center of the first bore N27 R9 V57 Sets R9 equal to the angular rotation of the second bore N28 G49 20 Cancels tool length offset N29 GO XO YO E1 Moves to YO of fixture offset one N30 G68 YO R R9 Rotates the coordinate system to align on the bores N31 M99 Code to return to the main or calling program This program will cut a rectangular pocket with tapered sides The pocket will have been roughed to the bottom finish size The angle of the sides in this example is five degrees and the Z step will be 01 The calculation for the X and Y axis step over is Tan 5 01 the step over distance The tangent point for the bottom of the pocket must be calculated for the start dimensions If the pocket is through the Z depth will be equal to the depth of the bottom of the pocket plus 1 2 the diameter of the ball nose end mill that is being used The X Y shift amount would be equal to the radius of the cutter divided by the COS of the angle EX 1875 COS 5 1875 99619 1882 would be the correction factor for a 5 8 end mill at 5 degrees If the pocket is not a through pocket Z depth will be equal to the depth of the pocket minus 1 2 the diameter of the ball end mill The X Y shift amount would use the same calculations as the through pocket plus a correction factor for the difference in depth which would be TAN
66. xecution buffer is a part of memory used by the control to store processed program data When the control looks ahead this processed data is stored in the execution buffer Using the SETP command allows the programmer to vary the size of the buffer On the machine parameter page the term Binary buffer is used for the execution buffer AND OR and NOT are logical operators that allow the programmer to construct compound tests from one or more expressions In BASIC a compound Boolean expression is created by connecting two Boolean expressions with a logical operator The FADAL macro language allows logical operators The number of logical operators in a statement is limited by the maximum number of characters allowed on a single line 65 This includes all spaces and the pound sign 8 A good rule for writing compound expressions is to always verify that the statement will evaluate to both a TRUE and a FALSE condition The items being compared must be segregated with parentheses to avoid confusion in lengthy or complex statements This will also ensure that the statement s components are evaluated in the order that the programmer intended Example 1 AND Section 18 Macros 423 Fadal User Manual IF V1 GT V2 AND V1 LT V5 THEN GOTO LOOP This first example is true only if expression 1 and expression 2 are both true then control jumps to the label LOOP EXAMPLE Example 2 OR IF V1 GT V2 OR V1 LT V5 THEN GOTO LOOP

Sect 18-Macros - Flint Machine Tools, Inc.

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