Hitachi Europe Ltd. ISSUE : APPS/054/1.0
Contents
1. IDATAO UDATAO SHORTAD F 41 F 7F See configuration section concerning printf sprintf e_medium write formatted write See configuration section concerning scanf sscanf e_medium read formatted read Now load the C library clh83s 0 Software functionality 1 LOWLEV C e Short delay provides a small delay a few tens of machine cycles to slow LCD access cycles down e status_read performs a read of the t6963c status register and returns it to the calling function e status_checkx calls the status read function to check the presence of a in specific bits of the status register STA e command_write send a command instruction to the t6963c The command value is passed to the function as an unsigned char Available commands are defined in the file command h e data_write used to send data to a display memory location Note it is necessary to issue a data write command before this is used e data _read same as above except used to fetch data from the display memory location When customising this file for your host processor please note the interface timing specification of the LCD display as specified in the LCD Graphics Databook 2 T6963C C Note all of the functions here when called first check the appropriate busy flags in the STA register before attempting to read or write commands or data e addr set this function sets the address pointer in the t6963c It should be set before reading or writing2. ball position variables signed char spx spy horiz and vert speed of ball char n m util general purpose variables and pointer for passing to sprite function int count general purpose counter init_3334y sets up ports 1 2 4 6 9 P4DR 0x01 Chip select Low enable display access set_up_lcd set address of text and graphics exor mode display on clr_lcd text text 0x0150 clear text display RAM area clr_lcd graph graph 0x0b00 clear graphic display RAM area addr_set columns 1 row 1 led_printf The addr_set columns 2 row 2 led_printf Lmg7380 addr_set columns 3 row 3 led_printf from addr_set columns 4 row 4 led_printf Hitachi addr_set columns 7 row 7 led_printf Mixed text and graphics for n 0 n lt 58 n for m 8 m lt 40 m black box over text plot n m 1 IA ir 11 of 15 Hitachi Europe Ltd ISSUE APPS 054 1 0 util amp brick 0 select brick as sprite to display draw top and bottom of wall border for n 0 n lt 32 n left to right end of columns sprite util wall _ 1 n 8 0 1 sprite util wall _l n 8 56 1 draw left and right hand side of wall border for n 0 n lt 5 n top to bottom of screen sprite util 0 n 8 2 sprite util 56 n 8 2 Game variable initialisation draw initial bat and ball Spx 2 spy 2 initial speed of
3. Data write and ADP nonvariable define DRAAN 0xC5 Data read and ADP nonvariable define SP OxEO Screen PEEK define SC 0xE8 Screen COPY define BR OxFO Bit RESET define BS OxF8 Bit SET add 3 bit data to these commands to select bit IA ir 14 of 15 Hitachi Europe Ltd ISS APPS 054 1 0 LMG7380 H include lt inh8337 h gt include lt ioh8337 h gt include lt inh83 h gt set up display parameters define columns 32 define text 0x0000 select text mem start define graph 0x1000 select graphics mem start define font_s 0x08 PRIA AAA K KKK KKK KKK IK KK IKK KKK HK KKK KKK KKK KKK IKK KI KKK IK HK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KK KK function prototypes for writing to display extern void set_up lcd void extern void status_checkl void extern void status_check2 void extern char status_read void extern void status_check void extern void short_delay void extern void data_write char extern char data_read void extern void command_write char extern void addr_set int extern void lcd_putchr char void extern int lcd_printf const char extern void sprite char char char char extern void plot char char char When using this document keep the following in mind 1 This document may wholly or partially be subject to change without notice 2 Allrights are reserved No one is permitted to reproduce or duplicate in any form th
4. KKK KKK HK KKK KKK This file contains definitions for all of the commands in a t6963 RR KKK KKK KKK HK KKK KKK KKK KK IKK KI KKK KKK KKH KKK KK KKK KKK KK KKK KKK KKK KK KK Register set define CPS 0x21 Cursor pointer set define ORS 0x22 Offset register set define APS 0x24 Address pointer set define THAS 0x40 Text home address set define TAS 0x41 Text area set define GHAS 0x42 Graphic home address set define GAS 0x43 Graphic area set define OM 0x80 OR mode define EM 0x81 EXOR mode define AM 0x83 AND mode define TAM 0x84 TEXT ATTRIBUTE mode define DOF 0x90 Display OFF define CONBOF 0x92 Cursor ON Blink OFF define CONBON 0x93 Cursor ON Blink ON define TONGOF 0x94 Text ON Graphic OFF define TOFGON 0x98 Text OFF Graphic ON define TONGON 0x9C Text ON Graphic ON define LC1 OxAO 1 Line cursor define LC2 OxA1 2 Line cursor define LC3 OxA2 3 Line cursor define LC4 0xA3 4 Line cursor define LC5 OxA4 5 Line cursor define LC6 OxA5 6 Line cursor define LC7 OxA6 7 Line cursor define LC8 OxA7 8 Line cursor define DAWS OxBO Data auto write set define DARS 0xB1 Data auto read set define AR 0xB2 Auto reset define DWAAI 0xC0 Data write and ADP increment define DRAAI 0xC1 Data read and ADP increment define DWAAD 0xC2 Data write and ADP decrement define DRAAD 0xC3 Data read and ADP decrement define DWAAN 0xC4
5. LOWLEV C functions to talk to the T6963C The functions contained in this file are the ones that should be called from your own code Any further routines written by the user eg CIRCLE should be added to this file 3 MAIN C This program is a simple demo to show the use of a couple of the functions provided in T6963C C It initialises the display to Mixed Text and Graphics mode clears the screen prints some text and then bounces a ball shaped sprite around the screen MAIN C gt I O port 6 bit 0 7 gt OUTPUT from 9 0 gt OUTPUT from 9 1 gt OUTPUT from 9 2 T6963C C gt OUTPUT from 4 0 gt OUTPUT from 4 1 t gt OUTPUT from 4 2 LOWLEV C ins a H8 3334Y Kia Data afid control lines 1 of 15 Hitachi Europe Ltd ISSUE APPS 054 1 0 Hardware Specification The hardware used to produce this application note consisted of a 12V supply for the INVC191 CFL backlight inverter 13V for the LCD bias voltage and a 5V supply for the display and EVB3334Y logic A power up delay and fast switch off circuit should be implemented for the LCD bias voltage as recommended in the LCD Graphics databook to avoid damaging the LCD when the bias voltage is present but the T6963C controller is not operational The connection between the H8 3334Y on the evaluation board and the LMG7380 LCD is via the port lines All of Port 6 is used as the databus with a total of 6 other lines used to provide the control signals The actual number of
6. P6DDR 0xff port 6 all outputs P6DR write_val output the data P9DR 0x07 output r w and rs signals short_delay P9DR 0x05 output E signal short_delay P9DR 0x07 output E signal short_delay P9DR 0x06 output rs and r w signals void data _ write char write val P6DDR 0x f port 6 all outputs P6DR write_val output the data P9DR 0x06 output control signals short_delay P9DR 0x04 output control signal short_delay P9DR 0x06 output control signal short_delay P9DR 0x07 output control signal char data read void char read _ val P6DDR 0x00 port A all inputs P9DR 0x06 output control signals short_delay P9DR 0x02 set wr clear cd rd short_delay read_val P6DR get data P9DR 0x06 set rd wr clear cd short_delay P9DR 0x07 set rd wr and cd return read val 7 of 15 Hitachi Europe Ltd ISSUE APPS 054 1 0 T6963C C FRATTA IKK KK KKK KK KKK IAA AIA AIA KKK HK KKK HK KK KKK KK KKK KI KKK KKH KKK KKK KKK KKK k k kkk This module contains the two essential graphics operations sprite and plot Plot will set a pixel to 1 or 0 Sprite will display a 8x8 pixel sprite anywhere on the screen to pixel resolution unlike using custom characters RR KKK AIA KKK KKK HK KKK KKK KK IK KK IKK KKK HK IK KKK KKK KK KKK KK IK HK KKK KKK IAA ke ke k kkk k
7. ball util amp ball 0 select ball as sprite to display sprite util oldx o0ldy 0 draw initial ball while 1 MAIN LOOP for count 0 count lt 0xfffe count delay util amp ball 0 select ball as sprite sprite util ballx bally 2 paint new sprite util oldx oldy 2 remove old ballx spx move ball position bally spy collision detection if bally gt wall_b spy spy bottom bounce bally wall_b if bally lt wall_t spy spy top bounce bally wall_t if ballx gt wall_r spx spx righthand bounce ballx wall_r if bally lt wall_1 spx spx lefthand bounce ballx wall_1 RR KKK KKK KKH KKK HK IKK KKK HK IKK KKK KKK KKK KK KKK KK IK KK IKK KKK HK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK BRK K KKK KKK KKK IKK KKK KK IKK KKK KKK KK KKK KKK KK IK KK IKK KKK HK KKK KK KKK KKK KKK KK de ke KKK KK KK EVB3334Y hardware setup function ACH L 12 of 15 Hitachi Europe Ltd ISSUE APPS 054 1 0 void init_3334y void PADR 0x07 set port 4 to 0x07 PADDR 0x07 Port 4 0 4 1 4 2 set to outputs P9DR 0x07 set port 9 to 0x00 P9DDR 0x07 Port 9 0 9 1 9 2 set to outputs P6DR 0x00 set port 6 to 0x00 P6DDR Oxff Port 6 set to outputs P6DR 0x00 13 of 15 Hitachi Europe Ltd ISSUE APPS 054 1 0 COMMAND H BRR KKK KKK IKK KKK KKK KK IK KK IKK KI KKK KK HK KKH KKK KKK KKK KKK
8. lines used can be reduced by not using a separate WR line and supplying it from an inverted RD line Also the REV display invert line may be hardwired high to provide the standard black pixel on white background mode CS chip select C D command data and at least one line to control Read Write are essential If required font select FS Display Off and the CFL on off line on the inverter may also be controlled directly from additional ports It should be noted that for the graphics routines described in this note to work properly it is necessary to run the display in 8x8 font mode See diagram below The character font used in the two modes is exactly the same except that on 8 x 8 mode 2 blank pixels are inserted to bring the character spacing up to 8 pixels Diagram showing correspondence between Font Select and graphics display 6 X 8 Font 8 X 8 Font Screen data Screen data BERE EE ag td LC Pt tt tt a E Display memory Display memory 7 MSB LSB 0 7 MSB LSB 0 7 MSB LSB 0 7 MSB LSB 0 Software Specification Generation of code The tools that were used for the code generation are that of the IAR compiler linker system As shown in the first diagram the code is split into three layers which interact with each other This corresponds to three source files T6963 C LOWLEV C amp MAIN C These are compiled in turn and then linked together using XLINK The bat
9. Hitachi Europe Ltd ISSUE APPS 054 1 0 APPLICATION NOTE DATE 19 11 96 Text and Graphics using C and the T6963c The following application note shows how to connect to a T6963C as used on the Hitachi LMG738X LMG742Xetc and provides high level C routines such as plot and print to produce text and graphics on screen simultaneously The above display panels also include 8K bytes 0x1FFF of SRAM which provides the user with a complete graphics subsystem The interface between the host processor and the T6963C is PORT BASED which means the code is easily portable between microcontrollers The code was developed and tested using a 16Mhz H8 3334Y This application note is intended to be used in conjunction with the T6963C datasheet and the Hitachi LCD Graphics databook The code described here is split into 3 C files which divides the functions up as follows 1 LOWLEV C This file contains the basic command write status check and data read and write cycles as described in the T6963C The functions toggle the port lines to re create the timing diagrams required by the T6963C It is designed to act as the bottom layer of the software dealing with the physical levels on the port lines 2 T6963C C All of the high level routines that perform the useful graphics functions such as PRINTF CLRLCD and display initialisation are contained in this file This file does not contain any functions that directly manipulate the ports Instead it calls the
10. _check data_write text 0x100 low order addr status_check data_write text 0x100 high order addr status_check command write THAS text home address status_check data_write graph 0x100 low order addr status_check data_write graph 0x100 high order addr status_check IA ir 9 of 15 Hitachi Europe Ltd ISSUE APPS 054 1 0 command write GHAS graphics home address status_check data_write columns low order addr status_check data_write 0x00 high order addr status_check command _ write TAS text area set set columns status_check data_write columns low order addr status_check data_write 0x00 high order addr status_check command write GAS graphic area set set columns status_check data_write 0x01 low order addr status_check data_write 0x00 high order add status_check command write ORS 0800H OFFFH offset register set status_check command write EM exor mode status_checkl command write TONGON display mode text on graphics on status_check 10 of 15 Hitachi Europe Ltd ISSUE APPS 054 1 0 MAIN C RR KKK KKK IKK KKK HK KKK HK KK AAA IK HK KKH KI KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKH KKK KK KK KKK This program is designed to drive the LMG7380 graphics display which has the Toshiba T6963C cont
11. _write DRAAN read data from memory status_checkl sdata data_read status_checkl switch val case 2 data _write temp sdata EXOR with existing data to invert pixels IA i 8 of 15 Hitachi Europe Ltd ISSUE APPS 054 1 0 case 1 data write temp sdata OR with existing data to add pixels case 0 data _write temp amp sdata AND with NOT value to take away pixels status_checkl command_write DWAAN data write with no addr pointer change addr columns move down one graphics line addr columns 8 address 8 addr shift 8 x 8 void lcd putchr char data void ptr status_checkl command write DAWS auto data write set status_check2 data_write data 0x20 print the character status_checKk2 need to subtract 20 hex to translate from ASCII command_write 0xb2 auto reset status_check2 1 int lcd printf const char fmt va_list ap int i va_start ap fmt i _formatted_write fmt lcd putchr void 0 ap return i void clr_lcd int start int finish int n addr_set start command _ write DAWS auto write mode set status_checKk2 n 0 while n lt finish status_check2 1 data write 0x00 nt status_check2 1 command_write AR status_check2 void set_up_lcd void write_lcd control and data codes for character mode status
12. ch file used to do this is as follows COMPILE LINK Batch file BUILD BAT icch83 main c o main r20 P g ml e K C q 1 main lst lid v0 s0 r icch83 lowlev c o lowlev r20 P g ml e K C q 1 lowlev lst lid v0 s0 r icch83 t6963 c o t6963c r20 P g ml e K C q 1 t6963c lst lid v0 s0 r xlink main lowlev t6963c f link xcl 1 out map xsme o out r IA ir 2 of 15 Hitachi Europe Ltd ISSUE APPS 054 1 0 rem produce debug d20 file with source info The above batch file produces a D20 file UBROF format used by IAR C Spy and Hitachi CIDE windows based debuggers for the 300 series Removing the r switch from the link command line will cause a S record to be produced which is suitable for blowing a PROM The link file used to build the code was set up for the EVB3334Y evaluation board which uses the H8 3334Y 16Mhz 8 bit microcontroller The link file is shown below link xcl First define CPU cH8300 Allocate segments which should be loaded Z BIT BITVARS 0 First allocate the read only segments Z CODE INTVEC IFLIST FLIST 0 FF Z CODE CDATAO CDATA1 RCODE CODE CDATA2 CDATA3 ZVECT CONST CSTR CCSTR 100 3 f f Then the writeable segments which must be mapped to a RAM area C000 was here supposed to be start of RAM Z DATA DATA1 IDATA1 UDATA1 DATA2 DATA3 IDATA2 IDATA3 UDATA2 UDATA3 ECSTR WCSTR TE MP CSTACK 140 b80 40 Z DATA DATAO
13. e whole or part of this document without Hitachi s permission 3 Hitachi will not be held responsible for any damage to the user that may result from accidents or any other reasons during the operation of the user s unit according to this document 4 Circuitry and other examples described herein are meant only to indicate the characteristics and performance of Hitachi s semiconductor products Hitachi assumes no responsibility for any intellectual property claims or other problems that may result from applications based on the examples therein 5 No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patents or other rights of any third party or Hitachi Ltd 6 MEDICAL APPLICATIONS Hitachi s products are not authorised for use in MEDICAL APPLICATIONS without the written consent of the appropriate officer of Hitachi s sales company Such use includes but is not limited to use in life support systems Buyers of Hitachi s products are requested to notify the relevant sales office when planning to use the products in MEDICAL APPLICATIONS Copyright Hitachi Ltd 1995 All rights reserved 15 of 15
14. gured as below DBO DB7 gt I O port 6 bit 0 7 C D gt OUTPUT from 9 0 WR gt OUTPUT from 9 1 RD gt OUTPUT from 9 2 REV gt OUTPUT from 4 0 CS gt OUTPUT from 4 1 F S gt OUTPUT from 4 2 port 6 is initialsied as inputs and port 9 0 2 4 0 2 as outputs include lt ioh8337 h gt io port amp peripheral definitions include lt inh8337 h gt interrupt vectors include lt inh83 h gt interrupt functions include lt stdlib h gt include command h t6963 commands include 1mg7380 h function prototypes void short_delay void char count count 3 while count delay char status_read void char read _ val P6DDR 0x00 port 6 all inputs P9DR 0x03 set wr cd clear rd short_delay read _ val P6DR get status P9DR 0x07 set rd wr and cd return read val void status_check void while status _read amp 0x03 0x03 wait for status check STA0 1 3 void status_checkl void while status_read amp 0x03 0x03 wait for status check STA0 2 5 void status_check2 void while status_read amp 0x08 0x08 check auto write mode STA2 3 8 IA i 6 of 15 Hitachi Europe Ltd ISSUE APPS 054 1 0 void command write char write val
15. kk kkk include lt ioh8337 h gt include lt inh8337 h gt include lt inh83 h gt include lt stdio h gt include lt icclbutl h gt include command h include 1mg7380 h void addr_set int address status_checkl dat a write address 0x100 low order address status_checkl data_write address 0x100 high order address ie graphics status_checkl command _ write APS address pointer set status_checkl void plot char x char y char val int addr address offset from start of graphics addr columns y x 8 calculate addr offset addr graph add on graphics start addr status_checkl data_write addr 0x100 low order address status_checkl data_write addr 0x100 high order address ie graphics status_checkl command _ write APS address pointer set status_check1 if val command write BS 7 x 8 bit set mode else command write BR 7 x 8 bit reset mode status_checkl void sprite char address char x char y char val int addr address offset from start of graphics char a b temp shift sdata addr graph columns y x 8 calculate initial addr offset shift x 8 for b 0 b lt 2 b for a 0 a lt 8 a temp char address addresst t if b 0 temp temp gt gt shift else temp temp lt lt shift addr_set addr command
16. o set up here Note that the actual values written depend on the pre processor defines specified in LMG7380 H When using different size displays it is necessary only to adjust the values in this include file as the other files take their values form here This function also selects EXOR mode text and graphics information will be exored on screen and puts the t6963c into mixed text and graphics mode 3 MAIN C This program is a simple demo to show the use of a couple of the functions provided in T6963C C It initialises the display to Mixed Text and Graphics mode clears the screen prints some text and displays a wall around the border then bounces a ball shaped sprite around the screen It shows how the functions in t6963 c are called 4 COMMAND H All of the commands available with the t6963c are defined in this file It has the benefit of making code which writes commands to the LCD much more readable 5 LMG7380 H This include file has two purposes 1 It defines the constants of the display such as size and start address of memory areas 2 It declares function prototypes for the functions used in the three c source files IA i 4 of 15 Hitachi Europe Ltd ISSUE APPS 054 1 0 LOWLEV C low level routines used to read and write data and functions to T6963 Includes wait and staus check routines The functions are designed to acurately reflect the timing diagrams given in the t6963 datasheet the lcd interface is confi
17. roller built in This LCM is driven via an H8 microcontroller on an EVB3334Y It drives the display in mixed text and graphics mode The port lines of the H8 3334Y are used as control RR KKK KKK KKK HK KKK KKK HK KK KK IK KK IKK KKK HK IK HK KKH KKK KKK KK KKK KKK KK KKK KKK include lt ioh8337 h gt include lt inh8337 h gt include lt inh83 h gt include lt stdlib h gt include command h file with T6963 command codes include 1mg7380 h contains function prototypes and screen parameters eg mem map columns etc kkkkkkkx xx The following parameters are used for collision detection X X define wall_1 8 horizontal position of LHS of wall define wall_r 248 horizontal position of RHS of wall define wall_t 8 vertical position of TOP of wall define wall b 56 horizontal position of BOTTOM of wall KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKk define Spr it e s A RA AAA AA IAA KEK KKK KK RHR KKK KEKE KKK KKK RK KKK const char ball 0x3c 0x7e 0xdb Oxff Oxff Oxdb 0x66 0x3c const char brick 0xff 0x81 0xbd 0xbd 0xbd 0xbd 0x81 Oxff BRK KKK KKK IKK KKK AAA AIA AAA IKK KKK HK KKK HK KK KKK KK IK KK IK HK KKH KKK KKK KKK KKK He e de He ke de ke ke ke ke k k k k extern void init_3334y void char collision_det char char ARIA K HK KKK KKK KKK HK IKK KKK HK KKK HK KK KKK KK KKK KI KKK KK HK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK void main void char ballx oldx bally oldy
18. the original display data e lcd _putchr this function should be used following an addr_set command to tell the t6963c whereabouts in character memory a character should be placed The functioned calling Icd_putchr should pass the character to be displayed and a null An ASCII translation is performed to allow normal use of this function See t6963c user manual for the character set The address pointer is incremented after lcd_putchr to allow continuous characters to be sent e lcd print This function uses the IAR formatting library to provide a standard printf function It calls lcd_putchr to display the characters after they have been formatted Use this function exactly the same way as you would use printf whilst bearing in mind the restrictions on formatters used according to which write library is specified in the link file formatted write e clr_lcd This function provides a block erase function on the display memory Simply pass two integer values to this function specifying the start and end address of the block to be erased and all values in that range will be set to 0x00 The Auto write mode is used for speed where the t6963c address pointer is automatically incremented after each write e set_up_lcd The address map used by the t6963c is set up here which specifies the location of text and graphics memory within the 8K available Other parameters such as number of columns offset register value start of custom character memory are als
19. to the display memory unless the value of the pointer is known By adding the offset of the IA i 3 of 15 Hitachi Europe Ltd ISSUE APPS 054 1 0 graphics start address for example it is possible to easily select a specific set of pixels on the screen When addressing the character memory a specific character on the screen can be accessed as follows Character to be addressed X Y with the origin 0 0 being the top left hand corner use addr_set character memory address start Y number of columns X e plot This function uses the bit set function of the t6963c to manipulate a single bit of graphics memory You should pass three unsigned characters to it the first being the x co ordinate in pixels the second being the y co ordinate and the third being 1 or 0 depending on whether you want to set or reset that pixel e sprite 8 x 8 sprites can be displayed on the screen using this function and can be placed to pixel resolution The parameters to passed to this function are e 1 the address of the 8 byte array containing the sprite information unsigned char e 2 the x position of the sprite in pixels e 3 the y position of the sprite in pixels e 4 The writing method used 0 will AND with existing display data 1 will OR with the existing display data and 2 will perform an EXOR 2 is particularly useful for sprites as calling the function twice will first display the sprite and then remove it leaving the screen with
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