Home

P& T CP/M® 2 USER`S MANUAL Radio Shack Hard Disk Addendum

1. will be replaced by a word or phrase describing the type of error eg read write ete xxxx will be replaced with an error code that indicates the nature of the error You can use the ERROR program to get an explanation of the error code If you have installed the system bootstrap on hard disk drive 0 the following messages may appear when the system is cold booting after power up or pressing the RESET switch Insert System Diskette This message is technically not an error message It is flashed on the system console while the system bootstrap is waiting for a working system diskette to be mounted on physical diskette drive 0 Not a system diskette cannot boot This message indicates that the diskette mounted on physical diskette drive 0 is not a system diskette either P amp T CP M 2 or TRSDOS Mount a system diskette on the drive and press the RESET switch to re boot the system Disk error while restoring floppy drive This message is displayed if an error should occur while the system bootstrap is restoring the read write head of diskette drive 0 to the home position Press the RESET switch to try again page 8 2 ERROR MESSAGES P amp T CP M 2 i RS Hard Disk Addendum CRC error while booting system This message is displayed if a CRC error is encountered while reading system information from the working system diskette Typically this is due to a bad spot on the system diskette try another one Lost data error
2. 1 lt enter gt Figure 7 5 Specifying Number of Hard Disk Drives After you have entered the number of hard disk drives HDCONFIG will ask you to specify the type of each of them Figure 7 6 shows the console display for entering this information You should respond with a 1 if you have a 12 Mbyte drive and a 2 page 7 14 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM P amp T CP M 2 Using HDCONFIG RS Hard Disk Addendum if you have an 87 Mbyte drive If the drive is neither of these you should select option 3 which will ask some questions about the drive You will be presented with the same question for each of the physical hard disk drives on the system Since it is most likely that they are all the same the system does allow you to have different sized physical drives if you wish HDCONFIG remembers what you entered for the last drive and presents it as a default value for the next drive If all the drives are the same you need only enter the appropriate choice for the first drive and press lt enter gt for all the rest P amp T CP M 2 Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Program Ver 3 xxx Type of Hard Disk Drive 0 le Radio Shack 12 Megabyte 2 Radio Shack 8 7 Megabyte 3 other Enter number for the type for drive 0 l lt enter gt Figure 7 6 Specifying Type of Hard Disk Drives If you select the other option for a hard disk drive HDCONFIG will ask you for the number of heads and cylinders on that drive This allows you to configure
3. BFRESTOR is restarted after an error of this type Invalid drive name Indicates that the logical drive letter just entered in the prompted mode is not in the range A P Invalid file name Indicates that the file name just entered in the prompted mode contains illegal characters Drive letter in file name differs from Destination drive name Indicates that the drive designation given with the file name just entered in the prompted mode does not match the destination drive previously entered This page 6 22 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 BFRESTOR RS Hard Disk Addendum message may also be displayed in the command line mode if the drive designation given with the new destination file name does not match the logical drive letter entered for the destination drive Source and Destination cannot be the same drive Indicates that you have specified the same logical drive for both the source and destination drives This is not permitted when running BFRESTOR This message can be given in either the prompted or command line mode That drive is not on the system Indicates that the logical drive just specified for the source or destination drive in the prompted mode is not defined for this system Source drive is a hard disk Indicates that the source drive you have specified is a hard disk drive BFRESTOR restores from diskettes only hence this is not allowed Not a valid response please re enter Indicates that the response you entered is no
4. JKLMNOP Total space used 586 bytes Hard Disk Orive Parameters WDAIHNUNHWNH es ee so oo oe oo ce so oo Drive is initially accessible Y N Y Drive is initially read write Y N N Allocation block size in Kbytes 2 4 8 16 16 Physical drive number 0 Maximum number of tracks on drive 0 is xxxx Beginning track number 512 Number of tracks 512 Disk size in Kbytes is 4352 Number of directory entries multiple of 512 512 Check for changed disks Y N n Memory used 73 bytes OK Y N Y lt enter gt Figure 7 21 Defining a Second Hard Drive Part 3 Installing the New Module in the Library After all of the drives have been defined you use the X command to tell HDCONFIG that you have finished entering drive information HDCONFIG then makes a few last checks on the parameters that have been entered and if no H t page 7 24 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM P amp T CP M 2 Using HDCONFIG RS Hard Disk Addendum errors have been found displays the module library as shown in Figure 7 22 The names of the disk table modules are displayed in reverse video P amp T CP M 2 Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Program Ver 3 xxx Number of logical drives defined hard 3 floppy 2 working on drive ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOP Total space used 615 bytes Dhhf fornemme Library Table of Contents Disk Table Modules are shown reverse AUTOKEY KEYXLATE SCRNDUMP ADM3 4FLOPPY 3FLOPPY 2FLOPPY 1FLOPPY TYPENAME COREINIT S10 PPMIN
5. X Delete a file E Exit directory listing Enter your choice here X lt enter gt Figure 6 28 Display of Last Set of Directory Entries page 6 18 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 BFRESTOR RS Hard Disk Addendum After the X option is selected BFRESTOR asks you for the name of the file to be deleted as shown in Figure 6 29 On Line 6 29 17 you may just press lt enter gt to return to the previous display without erasing a file or you may enter a file name as shown l Directory including hidden files a o o C SETCCB COM FILEJI DAT FILE2 DAT C C 5 BIGFILE EXT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 End of directory listinge Total size of Source file 1456 K Space on Destination disk C OK lt NOT ENOUGH SPACE Enter name of file to delete or just press lt ENTER gt to skipe File to delete BIGFILE EXT lt enter gt Figure 6 29 Deleting a File After you enter the name of the file to delete BFRESTOR will try to erase it If it is successful it will return to the previous display with the menu of options If the file does not exist BFRESTOR will display an error message and ask for the file name again If the File is set to read only status BFRESTOR will present the display shown in Figure 6 30 You are informed that the file you specified is read only Line 6 30 14 and asks you if you actually want it deleted Line 6 30 16 If you respond affirmatively BFRESTOR will delete the file and return t
6. drives of any size that can be handled by the controller up to 8 heads and 1024 cylinders You will also be asked for the cylinder on which write precompensation is to be started This is a somewhat technical point you should refer to the drive documentation to get the appropriate cylinder If you cannot find this information starting precompensation at about the mid point eg cylinder 256 of a 512 cylinder drive of the drive is usually a good guess Note that the hard disk controller requires that the cylinder specified be an exact multiple of 4 hence HDCONFIG may alter the cylinder number you enter to meet this requirement This is not a very critical parameter and changing it by a few cylinders one way or the other will not affect system performance Figure 7 7 shows how this information is entered P amp T CP M 2 Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Program Ver 3 xxx Please supply the following information about hard disk drive 0 Number of heads surfaces 1 8 8 lt enter gt Number of cylinders 1 1024 512 lt enter gt Precompensation starting cylinder 0 1023 256 lt enter gt is this correct Y lt enter gt Figure 7 7 Entering Information for Other Types of Hard Disk Drives HDCONFIG will now show you a summary of the information you have entered Skip ahead to Figure 7 11 P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 15 RS Hard Disk Addendum Using HDCONFIG If you had given an affirmative response to t
7. parameters the space required by that drive it may have changed based on your editing will be added into the total again When you specify that a logical drive is to be defined as a diskette drive HDCONFIG presents a display as shown in Figure 7 16 HDCONFIG always sets the physical drive number of a newly defined diskette drive to 0 as shown If you wish to change the physical drive number enter the number you wish and press lt enter gt Note that the total space used number has been increased by 149 since 149 bytes are required for the parameters associated with a diskette drive P amp T CP M 2 Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Program Ver 3 xxx Number of logical drives defined hard 0 floppy 0 working on drive ABCDEFGH JKLMNOP Total space used 181 bytes feias iiia Floppy Disk Drive Parameters Physical drive number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Figure 7 16 Display with One Floppy Drive Defined The display shown in Figure 7 17 occurs after three diskette drives A B and C have been defined and a hard disk drive E has just been defined The parameters shown are the default values for a newly defined hard disk drive The xxxx on line 7 17 14 will be replaced by the actual number of tracks on physical hard disk drive 0 If another physical drive is selected the number will be changed to the number of tracks on that drive Note that many of the default values are not valid you must
8. since several logical drive can be assigned to a single hard disk or diskette drive In P amp T CP M 2 a logical drive never includes more than one physical drive The physical diskette drives are referred to by numbers from 0 to 3 Physical diskette drive 0 is the built in drive on a Model I and the left hand built in drive on a Model 16 or 12 There is always a physical diskette drive 0 on the system Physical diskette drive 1 is the first expansion drive on a Model II system and the right hand built in drive on a Model 16 or 12 Physical diskette drives 2 and 3 are the gt remaining expansion drives The physical hard disk drives are also referred to by numbers from 0 to 3 Physical hard disk drive 0 is the primary hard disk unit physical hard disk drive 1 is the first secondary hard disk unit ete P amp T CP M 2 GETTING STARTED page 31 RS Hard Disk Addendum l 3 1 Getting Started If you have purchased an upgrade of your copy of P amp T CP M 2 follow the instructions packaged with the diskette for installing the new modules in your module library If you purchased P amp T CP M 2 as a Radios Shack hard disk system these modules are already in the library Before beginning to use P amp T CP M 2 you should make a working system diskette See Chapter 3 of the P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual for instructions The first working system diskette you generate will include drivers for only the floppy drives on your system In order to access th
9. 346 On Line 6 34 5 a running tally of the amount of the file that has been verified is displayed After all operations for this diskette have been completed the message shown on Line 6 34 7 is displayed page 6 20 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 BFRESTOR RS Hard Disk Addendum Restoring file C BIGFILE NEW Verifying backup disk 1 594 K Backup disk 1 is completed Figure 6 34 Verifying the Data Restored from the First Backup Diskette You will be prompted for each diskette in the backup series with a display similiar to that shown in Figure 6 23 After the last diskette in the series is completed a display like that shown in Figure 6 35 will be presented After acknowledging the display by pressing lt enter gt BFRESTOR will start over again at the beginning You may restore as many files as you wish and then press lt break to return to the command level of the system Restoring file C BIGFILE NEW Verifying backup disk 3 Backup disk 3 is completed womMwytanauwl amp WDh be oo vo oo oo oo so oo os File restore operation complete Figure 6 35 Console Display After Restoration is Complete Using BFRESTOR Command Line Mode In the command line mode of operation all of the information regarding the source and destination drives and file names is specified on the command line that executed BFRESTOR Figure 636 shows the form of such a command line The s would be replaced with the logical drive
10. 5 After the entire diskette is verified the message on Line 6 12 7 is displayed to indicate that the diskette is finished and BFBACKUP waits for you to press lt enter gt P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 9 RS Hard Disk Addendum BFBACKUP Note You wil need 3 floppy disks to back up C BIGFILESEXT Verifying backup disk 1 594 K Backup disk 1 is completed Figure 6 12 Verifying the Data Written to the First Diskette If while making the verification pass BFBACKUP detects an error it will display the message shown in Figure 6 13 VERIFY ERROR press lt enter gt to continue Figure 6 13 Reporting a Verify Error After you press lt enter gt in response to the message of Figure 6 13 BFBACKUP presents you with the options shown in Figure 6 14 You may retry writing the file on the same diskette or you may try another diskette If you retry the same diskette BFBACKUP will return to the display of Figure 6 11 If you elect to try another diskette BFBACKUP will return to the display of Figure 6 10 OPTIONS R Retry disk now on Destination drive T Try another disk Enter your choice here Figure 6 14 Prompting for Action to Take for a Verify Error After the successful completion of a diskette BFBACKUP will display the message shown in Figure 6 15 and wait for you to mount another diskette and press lt enter gt Remove disk from drive De Insert a fresh disk in it s place Press lt
11. 7 3 4 Backing up 6 6 13 6 27 31 7 1 Cartridge removable 7 3 Checking for bad sectors 6 32 36 Configuration 7 1 33 Controller 6 42 7 14 Cylinders 6 40 41 7 14 Directory 7 3 7 21 23 Directory check vector 7 3 Erasing directory 6 25 26 Formatting 6 38 43 Limiting access to logical drives 5 1 2 6 2 5 Logical drives 7 2 7 5 Logical drive parameters 7 19 23 Read write heads 6 40 41 7 14 Restoring large files 6 14 23 Track 0 6 41 7 6 Tracks 7 2 Hard disk driver module 3 1 7 1 Hard disk lock out error 5 1 Hard disk write protect error 5 2 HDCHECK P amp T hard disk utility 1 2 6 1 6 25 6 32 36 HDCONFIG P amp T hard disk utility 1 2 3 1 4 1 6 1 6 37 7 12 33 Command keys 7 19 Editor 7 24 27 Editor commands 7 26 Limiting drive access 5 1 6 2 7 17 23 Memory requirements 7 28 HDCONFIG 001 002 overlay files 7 13 Hexadecimal number 2 1 HFORMAT P amp T hard disk utility 1 2 6 1 6 25 6 32 6 38 43 page 1 2 Kbyte 2 1 Logical drive 2 2 Assigning 4 1 7 18 Defining 7 17 23 Limiting Access to 4 1 5 1 2 6 1 5 Size 7 4 Size limitation 1 1 7 31 Specification 7 18 Speed of accessing 7 3 7 5 Logical drive A 7 31 Limitation of access 5 1 On hard disk 7 5 Use by FILEBACK 6 27 Logical sectors 7 2 LST logical device 7 12 M move option of HDCONFIG 7 18 19 Mbyte 2 1 Memory usage and configuration of hard disk 7 1 7 MODSEL P amp T utility 3 1 7 1 2 7 7 7
12. BFBACKUP COM BFRESTOR COM BKMOUNT COM CLEARDIR COM FILEBACK COM HDCHECK COM HDCONFIG COM HFORMAT COM P amp T utility program for backing up a disk file which is larger than the capacity of a diskette onto multiple diskettes See Section 6 3 of this addendum for further information P amp T utility program for restoring a disk file backed up by BFBACKUP See Section 6 4 of this addendum for further information P amp T utility program that is used in conjunction with the FILEBACK utility program Typically this program would not be used independently of FILEBACK See Section 65 of this addendum for further information P amp T utility program that completely clears the directory area of a logical drive assigned to a hard disk This utility should be used with care since its action is irreversible See Section 6 6 of this addendum for further information P amp T utility program that backs up all files that are smaller than the capacity of a diskette from a logical drive on a hard disk to multiple diskettes This program reads the directory of a hard disk and generates a series of SUB files to be used with SUBMIT The SUB files make use of the PIP utility to perform the file transfers The user is prompted to change diskettes when necessary during the backup process The principle limitation of this backup technique is that logical drive A cannot be specified as the destination drive See Section 6 7 of this addendum fo
13. HFORMAT will assume physical hard disk drive 0 Radio Shack Hard Disk Format Program ver 1 xx Copyright 1982 by Pickles amp Trout os ee ce oo oo oo Formatting by track number oo JM BIN Enter physical hard disk drive on which to format 0 3 O lt enter gt Enter number of heads surfaces on drive 1 8 6 lt enter gt Enter number of cylinders on drive 1 1024 230 lt enter gt Enter first track to format 0 xxxx l lt enter gt Enter last track to format OQ xxxx 1379 lt enter gt Enter write precompensation cylinder 0 1023 114 lt enter gt You have requested that tracks 1 to 1379 on physical drive 0 be formatted Remember that ali information in this area will be destroyed by the format operation Do you wish to proceed Y N Y lt enter gt Formatting track 239 Figure 6 59 Formatting by Track Number To format a drive by tracks HFORMAT must have some information about the drive in order to format it correctly On Line 659 10 HFORMAT requests the number of heads on the drive You may specify from 1 to 8 heads since the hard disk controller is capable of handling up to 8 heads The 12 Mbyte drive has 6 heads and the 8 7 Mbyte drive has 4 heads If you just press lt enter gt in response to this question HFORMAT assumes 6 heads for a 12 Mbyte drive On Line 6 59 11 HFORMAT requests the number of cylinders on the drive You may specify from 1 to 1024 cylinders since the hard disk controller can handle up
14. P amp T ACP SS for single sided destination diskettes or DS for double sided optional if omitted defaults to SS destination drive cannot be A source file specification wildcards allowed d is equivalent to d Figure 6 43 Help Display of FILEBACK The command line may have either 2 3 or 4 parameters on it The parameters must be separated from one another by at least one space The first parameter specifies the logical drive from which the backup is to be done the source drive and an optional file name The file name may be either a unique or a wildeard file name If the file name is present only file names matching it will be placed in the SUB file created by FILEBACK If no file name is given with the source drive designation eg C all files will be transferred This is the same as the wildcard specification The second parameter is the logical drive on which the diskettes will be mounted during the backup operation The third parameter is optional and if present indicates the type of diskettes onto which the backup operation is to be performed The fourth parameter is also optional and if present indicates that SUB files for the P amp T ACP are to be generated Several examples of command lines for using FILEBACK are shown in Figure 6 44 FILEBACK A D Backup all files from drive A to drive De The destination diskettes are single sided FILEBACK A D DS Backup all files from drive A to drive De
15. PPNORS PPSTDR PPSTD Mi2CRT1 STDCRT1 M12WB1 STDWB1 STDCORE1 RSHD1 RSHWB1 HDT8 1 HDT8 2 HOT8 3 HDT12 1 HDT12 2 HDT12 3 HDT12 4 HDT12 5 MYHD Enter name for modified disk table module MYHD lt enter gt Name should not be in above list unless you intend to replace that module Figure 7 22 Entering Name for the New Disk Table Module On Line 17 22 22 HDCONFIG asks you for the module name under which you want to save the configuration you have created You may specify a new name or the name of one of the existing disk table modules In the latter case the existing module will be replaced by the new one being created Since this deletes the existing module HDCONFIG requires that you verify that a replacement is to take place by asking the question shown in Figure 7 23 If you respond affirmatively HDCONFIG will continue A negative response will cause HDCONFIG to reprompt for a module name MYHD already exists replace It Y N Y lt enter gt Figure 7 23 Message if a Module Already Exists After you have entered a name for the new disk table module HDCONFIG will let you enter a description of the module The display will appear as shown in Figure 7 24 You should enter any notes that will help you at a later date to remember what the configuration is and why it was created A text area of 19 lines of 80 characters each is provided for entering your description While you are entering the description HDCONFIG functions as a simple text
16. The destination diskettes are double sided FILEBACK A COM E A Backup all files with the extension COM from drive A to drive Ee The destination diskettes are single sided and the P amp T ACP is In use FILEBACK B 82 D DS A Backup all files matching 82 from drive B to drive De Destination diskettes are double sided and the P amp T ACP is in use Figure 6 44 Sample Command Lines for Using FILEBACK The console display you might see for a typical usage of FILEBACK is shown in Figure 6 45 page 6 30 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 FILEBACK RS Hard Disk Addendum A gt FILEBACK 8 D lt enter gt Ftleback version 1 xx Copyright 1982 83 Pickles amp Trout Creating SUB files to backup on drive B to drive De Destination diskettes are single sided You wil require 4 blank double density single sided diskettes to backup the files from drive B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Log onto drive A and type SUBMIT BKUPA to begin the backup process A gt Figure 6 45 Example of Using FILEBACK with Single Sided Diskettes Since no instruction about the type of destination diskette was given on Line 6 45 1 FILEBACK assumes they will be single sided On Lines 6 45 2 and 6 45 3 FILEBACK gives an opening message indicating its version number On Lines 6 45 5 and 6 45 6 FILEBACK summarizes what it is doing so that you can verify that it is doing what you want After it is finished FILEBACK tells you how many
17. amp Trout all rights reserved This program allows the quick erasure of the directory on logical drives which are assigned to hard disk drives It erases ali files from all user numbers regardless if they are read only entries or note gt gt gt gt USE THIS PROGRAM WITH EXTREME CARE lt lt lt lt Enter logical drive on which to clear directory x to exit E lt enter gt You have requested that the directory on logical drive E be cleared Note that this operation wil result in the LOSS OF ALL FILES ON LOGICAL DRIVE Ee Do you want to continue Y N Y lt enter gt Enter logical drive on which to clear directory x to exit X lt enter gt A gt Figure 6 39 Example of Using CLEARDIR CLEARDIR first displays the messages shown on Lines 639 2 to 639 11 It then asks you for the logical drive which is to have its directory cleared At this point you should enter the letter corresponding to the drive In this example drive E was specified Since the effect of CLEARDIR is completely irreversible it warns you page 6 26 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 CLEARDIR RS Hard Disk Addendum that all of the files on the drive will be lost Lines 6 39 14 to 6 39 16 and asks you if you want to continue Line 6 39 17 If you respond negatively at this point CLEARDIR will prompt you again for a drive letter If you respond affirmatively CLEARDIR will proceed to erase all of the directory entries You may clear the directories on as many
18. ask for the drive on which it can find the BIOSMODS PNT file Figure 7 2 This is the file that contains the library of modules You should enter the logical drive letter of the drive on which your working system diskette is mounted In this case logical drive A is specified Enter drive on which to find BIOSMODS6PNT A lt enter gt Figure 7 2 Entering Drive for Library File After HDCONFIG locates the BIOSMODS PNT file it asks you if you want to read parameters from an existing module as shown in Figure 7 3 You would respond affirmatively if you want to edit the configuration in an existing module In this case a negative response is entered indicating that an entirely new configuration is to be created Do you want to read parameters from an existing disk table module Y N N lt enter gt Figure 763 After a negative response in Figure 7 3 HDCONFIG will ask you to indicate how many physical floppy drives are on the system as shown in Figure 7 4 In this example there are two physical floppy drives How many physical floppy drives are on the system 2 lt enter gt Figure 7 4 Specifying Number of Floppy Drives Next HDCONFIG will ask you for the number of hard disk drives on the system Figure 7 5 You may enter any number from 0 to 4 If you enter 0 you will not be permitted to define any logical drives on a hard disk A very typical response is 1 as is shown in the figure How many physical hard disk drives are on the system
19. change at least some of them to have a valid drive definition If the cursor is at the first of the parameters and you press lt up arrow gt the drive definition will be deleted and the cursor will return to the status area P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 21 RS Hard Disk Addendum Using HDCONFIG P amp T CP M 2 Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Program Ver 3xxx Number of logical drives defined hard 0 floppy 3 working on drive ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOP Total space used 479 bytes ff fehmnn nnn nn nn Hard Disk Drive Parameters Drive is initially accessible Y N Drive is initially read write Y N Allocation block size In Kbytes 2 4 8 16 Physical drive number Maximum number of tracks on drive 0 Is xxxx Beginning track number Number of tracks Disk size in Kbytes is 0 Number of directory entries multiple of 0 Check for changed disks Y N Memory used 39 bytes Figure 7 17 Beginning to Define a Hard Disk Drive Figure 7 18 shows the display after the user has set the initial drive access parameters and the allocation block size Note that the 0 on Line 7 17 18 has changed to a 256 on Line 7 18 18 This results because the directory must occupy one or more complete allocation blocks on the disk 256 directory entries will fit into an 8 Kbyte allocation block hence the number of directory entries must be a multiple of 256 in this example P amp T CP M 2 Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configurat
20. diskettes you will need to perform the entire backup Lines 6 45 9 and 6 45 10 It then reminds you of what you must do to start the backup Lines 6 45 12 through 6 45 14 If you have the P amp T ACP you may begin the backup process at once by merely executing Line 6 45 13 directly from the sereen To do this press the comma key followed by lt enter gt This will put you in the screen editing mode Then use the lt up arrow gt key to move the cursor up to the line on the display corresponding to Line 6 45 13 and press lt enter gt again P amp T ACP will automatically execute the line to begin the backup After you are returned to the command level of the operating system you may inspect the generated SUB files if you wish The SUB files are generated assuming that the destination diskettes will be completely empty ie newly formatted If you alter the SUB files or if the diskettes you use are not completely empty they will probably fill up during file transfer and cause PIP to report a DISK WRITE ERROR Possible Error Messages Invalid source drive This message indieates that no source drive was specified or the drive letter specified for the source drive is not in the range of A P Invalid source file specification This message indicates that there is something wrong with the file name you specified for the source file Typically this is due to more than one character appearing before the colon that separates the logical
21. given on the command line that executes ACCESS ACCESS reads this information and makes the appropriate changes reporting each change on the onsole as it is made Note that the changes made by ACCESS remain in effect only until they are changed by using ACCESS again or until a cold boot RESET occurs The access mode for various drives can also be changed by other programs using the Special System Functions provided for that purpose If you want the system to cold boot with a particular access modes in effect you must use the HDCONFIG utility program to reconfigure the system to that configuration Using ACCESS Interactive Mode At any time while ACCESS is running you may press the lt break gt key to return to S TET the operating system If you press the lt break gt key ACCESS will ask you if you really want to quit If you respond affirmatively you will be returned to the system If you respond negatively you will be returned to the place at which you pressed lt break gt Figure 6 1 shows the command line for executing ACCESS in the prompted mode A gt ACCESS lt enter gt Figure 6 1 Command Line for Executing ACCESS in Prompted Mode Figure 6 2 shows the basic display of ACCESS Lines 6 2 4 to 6 2 19 eee the current access mode of each logical drive on the system Note that diskette drives are also reported even though there is no access control for them On Line 6 2 22 you are asked to enter the logical drive letter
22. gt gt Error Bad Source drive name Indicates that the logical drive letter entered on the command line for the source drive was not in the range A P gt gt gt gt Error Bad Destination drive name Indicates that the logical drive letter entered on the command line for the destination drive was not in the range A P gt gt gt gt Error Bad file name Indicates that the file name entered on the command line contained illegal characters gt gt gt gt Error Drive letter in file name differs from Source drive name Indicates that the drive designation used with the file name entered on the command line does not match the source drive specified previously on the command line P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 13 RS Hard Disk Addendum BFBACKUP gt gt gt gt Error Bad Verify Option specifier Indicates that characters other than V were found following the file name on the command line Note that this message can be caused by specifying an extension longer than three characters for the file name gt gt gt gt Error Source drive not on system Indicates that the source drive specified on the command line is not defined for this system gt gt gt gt Error Destination drive not on system Indicates that the destination drive specified on the command line is not defined for this system gt gt gt gt Error Source and Destination cannot be the same drive Indicates that you have specified the same logica
23. gt gt Error Drive letter in file name differs from Destination drive name Indicates that the drive designation given with the destination file name on the command line does not match the logical drive letter specified for the destination drive gt gt gt gt Error Bad Verify Option specified Indicates that characters other than V were found following the file name on the command line Note that this message can be caused by specifying an extension longer than three characters for the file name gt gt gt gt Error Source drive not on system Indicates that the source drive specified on the command line is not defined for this system gt gt gt Error Destination drive not on system Indicates that the destination drive specified on the command line is not defined for this system gt gt gt gt Error Source and Destination cannot be the same drive Indicates that the command line specifies the same logical drive for both the source and destination drives This is not permitted when running BFRESTOR gt gt gt gt Error Source drive is a hard disk Indicates that the source drive specified on the command line is a hard disk drive BFRESTOR restores from diskettes only hence this is not allowed page 6 24 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 BKMOUNT RS Hard Disk Addendum 6 5 Utility name BKMOUNT Purpose To prompt the user to mount a new diskette when backing up files with FILEBACK General Description The BKMOUNT uti
24. hard disk drive being formatted is indicating a write fault condition This typically is a result of hardware problems in the drive Hard disk controller is busy when it should not be HFORMAT discovered that the hard disk controller indicates that it is busy when HFORMAT wants to send it a command Since no other program should be using the hard disk during the format operation this usually indicates a hardware problem Disk error during format error code xxxx This message is given if a disk error occurs during the format process Since a disk error during formatting can leave the disk in an unknown condition the format operation is aborted You may use the ERROR utility program to get an explanation of the error code nn sectors were found that may be flawed Be sure to run HDCHECK on this section of the disk before using it HFORMAT checks the sectors on the tracks it formats for flaws If any are found this message is displayed You are reminded that you should use the HDCHECK utility program to lock out any bad sectors on this section of the disk before using it Last track must be greater than or equal to the first track This message indicates that when entering track numbers for formatting by tracks the number you entered for the last track was less than the one you entered for the first track If you really want to format that range of tracks enter the track numbers in the reverse order smallest first P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY
25. have one system diskette configured for automatic swapping and another without it Since you can mount any density of diskette on the single diskette drive with the Radio Shack Hard Disk system just press lt break gt after you mount the diskette you can always transfer files to a logical drive on the hard disk For diskette to diskette copying it is usually easier with a single diskette drive hard disk system to copy the files from the source diskette to the hard disk and then from the hard disk to the destination diskette than to be swapping diskettes on the single diskette drive If you indicate to HDCONFIG that you have only one physical diskette drive it will ask you how many logical drives you want assigned to it By responding with 1 the disk configuration you create will not allow drive swapping Responding with 2 to 4 will allow swapping 7 5 Getting Ready Before using HDCONFIG it is useful to spend a few minutes thinking over how the system is to be configured Some points to keep in mind while deciding on the configuration are 1 A logical drive defined on a hard disk must be entirely contained by that hard disk Logical drives cannot span from one hard disk to another 2 The location of logical drives on a hard disk is specified in terms of tracks A single track holds 85 Kbytes l 3 Track 0 of physical hard disk drive 0 may not be included in the definition of any logical drive on the system it is reserved
26. is also affected by the size of the logical drive If the logical drive is large the space wasted by large allocation blocks may be of less importance than for smaller logical drives Usually if a small logical drive about 1 Mbyte is specified it will be used for storage of medium sized files such as programs and a smaller allocation block size is appropriate The permissible sizes for the allocation block are 2 4 8 and 16 Kbytes Typically for large logical drives 4 Mbytes or more an allocation block size of 8 or 16 Kbytes is most appropriate 8 Kbytes is a good middle of the road figure but if the disk usage is heavily slanted towards large files 16 Kbytes might be better For smaller logical drives 1 to 4 Mbytes the choice will most likely be between 8 and 4 Kbytes In this case 8 Kbytes is still a good choice for most situations but if a lot of smaller files are going to be stored on the logical drive 4 Kbytes might be a better choice 2 Kbyte allocation blocks are typically only used P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 5 RS Hard Disk Addendum Tradeoffs on small logical drives probably less than 1 Mbyte since the memory overhead for the allocation vector is quite high for 2 Kbyte allocation blocks For example a logical drive of 5 Mbytes would require over 300 bytes for the allocation vector with 2 Kbyte allocation blocks but just about 80 bytes for 8 Kbyte allocation blocks The other parameter that has major tra
27. logical drives as you wish merely by continuing to enter drive letters when asked for them When you are finished clearing directories enter an X as shown on Line 639 19 and CLEARDIR will return you to the command level of the system Possible Error Messages Please respond with the letters A P only This message is displayed if you enter an improper letter when specifying the drive which is to have its directory cleared That logical drive is not on the system This message is displayed if you specify a logical drive that is not defined on the system That logical drive is not a hard disk CLEARDIR will work only with hard disk drives This message is displayed if you attempt to use it on a diskette disk drive Please respond with Y or N only This message is displayed if you respond with characters other than Y or N to the query about continuing with the clearing operation Error during directory write operation This message is given if a disk error should occur while CLEARDIR is actually writing to the directory area of the disk P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 27 RS Hard Disk Addendum FILEBACK 6 7 Utility name FILEBACK Purpose To generate SUBMIT files that will back up all files smaller than the capacity of a diskette from a hard disk to multiple diskettes The SUBMIT program is then used to start the backup General Description A problem in backing up files from a logical drive assigned to a hard disk is
28. system when it is loaded The figures in this description illustrate the appearance of the console display at different points in the program In some cases the entire console display is shown In other cases only the pertinent portion of the display is shown in order to save space This is done for example when there is only one or two lines of text displayed in the center of the screen Whenever HDCONFIG poses a question that requires a yes no type of answer it will accept several responses The characters myn y 1 T and t are accepted as affirmative answers while the characters N n 0 F and f are accepted as negative answers The responses to these questions will always be shown as Y or N in the figures Any time that HDCONFIG is waiting for input from the console you may press the lt break gt key HDCONFIG will take this to mean that you want to abort the program and return to the command level of CP M After you press lt break HDCONFIG will query you to find out if you really want to exit the program If you respond affirmatively to this query HDCONFIG will return you to the command level of CP M otherwise HDCONFIG will resume where it was when you hit lt break gt You may also press lt ctl P gt any time HDCONFIG is waiting for console input This will result in the current screen display being printed on the system LST device This is useful for documenting the parameters you have specified for a par
29. text from an existing module in the library so that you can edit it Note that if you read text from a module that text will replace any text already present in the description Thus if you have entered some text and then decide to read the text from a module the text that you have entered will be lost If you want to edit the text from an existing module and add to it you should read the existing text first and then make the additions If you press the lt ctl R gt key HDCONFIG will clear the display and show you the table of contents of the module library as shown in Figure 7 22 It will then ask the question shown in Figure 7 26 You may then enter a module name or just press lt enter gt to return to editing After you enter a module name HDCONFIG will read the text description of that module place it in the text area of the editing display Figure 7 24 and allow you to start editing it Read text from which module HDT12 4 lt enter gt Figure 7 26 Entering Module Name for Reading Text Description Figure 7 10 shows a typical description for a disk table module After you have finished entering the text description for the module press the lt ese gt key HDCONFIG will then ask you if you are ready to install the new disk table module in the module library as shown in Figure 7 27 This is your last chance to abort the program by pressing lt break gt or entering a negative response If all is OK and you want to continue enter
30. that have been specified on both hard and diskette drives These numbers are updated as drives are defined and modified The left half of Lines 7 14 4 and 7 14 5 form a status area that gives a visual indication of which logical drives have been defined If the logical drive has been defined either an f indicating a diskette floppy drive or an h indicating a hard drive will be displayed just below the logical drive letter If the drive has not been defined a hyphen will be displayed The current logical drive is designated by displaying its letter and any symbol below it in reverse video At the right end of Line 7 14 4 the total space used by the disk drive parameters is displayed The current logical drive can be changed by using the lt left arrow gt lt right arrow gt and lt enter gt keys Pressing lt right arrow gt or lt enter gt will advance the current logical drive while pressing lt left arrow gt will back the current logical drive up by one As the current logical drive is changed the reverse video indicator on Lines 7 144 and 7 14 5 will be moved to the appropriate position After about half a second the logical drive s parameters will be displayed if the drive is defined or the bottom portion of the screen will be erased if the drive is not defined In addition to responding to lt left arrow gt lt right arrow gt and lt enter gt at this point HDCONFIG will respond to several command keys Pressing one o
31. the bad blocks and this message is given After this message is given you may turn off the write protect switch and press lt enter gt for HDCHECK to continue If you do not turn off the write protect switch before pressing lt enter gt HDCHECK will not mark the bad blocks and will prompt for another drive to check page 6 36 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 HDCHECK RS Hard Disk Addendum Not enough space in the directory to mark all bad bloeks Since bad blocks are marked locked out by creating directory entries directory entries must be available for this purpose This message is given if there are not enough entries available to mark all of the bad blocks If you get this error you can exit HDCHECK and erase a file or two from the drive you are checking This should create enough room in the directory so that you can run HDCHECK again with success P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 37 RS Hard Disk Addendum HDCONFIG 6 9 Utility name HDCONFIG Purpose To configure the disk storage allocation of the hard disk system General Description The HDCONFIG program allows you to modify the configuration of the disk storage on your hard disk system It allows you to modify such parameters as the capacity number of directory entries allocation block size ete for each logical drive assigned to a hard disk The program is fully discussed in Chapter 7 Configuring the System hence it is not described here page 6 38 UTILITY PROG
32. use control codes to perform certain functions such as manipulating the console display In this case the codes are generated by the program and the keyboard is not involved Many figures show a dialog between the computer and the user This technique is used heavily when explaining how to use various utility programs In these dialogs page 2 2 NOTATION P amp T CP M 2 Conventions of Notation RS Hard Disk Addendum characters displayed on the console by the computer are shown in plain text characters typed in by the user are shown underlined In this addendum both the terms diskette and disk are used Diskette refers only to a floppy diskette An example would be the diskette you originally received The term disk has a general meaning It can refer to a diskette or to a hard disk In this addendum the term CP M is used in referring to general features and capabilities of the CP M operating system The term P amp T CP M 2 refers specifically to the Pickles amp Trout adaptation of the CP M operating system for the TRS 80 Model 11 12 16 It is frequently desirable to distinguish between physical and logical disk drives A physical drive refers to the actual hardware of a disk drive Examples of physical drives are diskette drives and hard disk units CP M refers to disk storage in terms of logical drives denoted by the letters A through P There is not always a 1 to 1 correspondence between logical and physical drives
33. 0 lse kaa Si noe bo ee aie we bee cee ee we JER 4 DIFFERENCES FROM THE FLOPPY VERSION Differences From the Floppy Version 0 ccc eee ee cee ceeeeecs 5 LIMITING DRIVE ACCESS Limiting Drive Access 02 ccc ccc ence eens eeaeees 6 UTILITY PROGRAMS Introduction 431453 ande ed aera ech I eae EEN Me te OR Me ACCESS apichawewateen sGase eal ieee sne arenaer ane So a eae tee ee BE BACKUP saiduede ns nih bc youd DE Re tow marionidess sac ees ademas BERESTOR S608 eo os ee lege ean aha Bales ae a e a ala BRMQUING E E E aen oak ae Hie we ALA Ro oe ae ae CEEARDIR 6 tia cpcancedig eat av eq 25 coho GMa ees aoe aio ws owe TE eee FILEBACK ERE RENNER ENN EB Eee HDCHECK ce ee ee cee SEE Apc a nln tia aria EA HDCONEIG EEEE A few Bees Hoke iota tee oak reen sca BHFORMAT orerar oee a ore ove tn alae ars Sete bat dean Pee ties 7 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM TAUHOGUCHION seeren Soa shoe eee as PS Si ae ewan ea wed hs ser Terms and Concepts SSR ewes eee SERENE SS ESS SERENE ER Tradeoffs una tae ORI dre E E E DE aes Single Diskette Drive Systems cece cece eee cence nee enees Getting Ready dec jvsxiew Dense wededvetarnsacuedeed Ah Gide adenine ace a Using HDCONFIG 055 5 4t ohn niaaa eaaa shale oh Pose eee Raa for re poe Possible Error Messages SEE SE EPE RTE SEG SEERE NE ROSE es 8 ERROR MESSAGES System Error Messages 11 cee cee eee e se
34. 1 Control key 2 1 CP M sectors See logical sectors Current drive limitation of access to 6 5 Daisy chaining hard disks 1 1 7 16 Directory Bad sectors in 6 25 Display 6 7 6 15 19 Entries 6 32 7 5 7 21 23 Erasing 6 25 26 6 28 Space required 7 30 Directory check vector 7 3 7 5 Disk diskette 2 1 Disk system reset See warm boot Disk table modules 4 1 7 1 7 12 13 7 15 16 7 23 26 Adding to module library 7 27 Descriptions 7 15 16 Editing 7 13 7 15 17 Editing descriptions 7 24 27 Naming 7 24 Disk write error 6 30 DISKTEST P amp T utility 4 1 Diskette drives assignment of using HDCONFIG 7 16 17 7 20 See floppy drives logical drives Diskette swapping 7 6 7 17 Double density diskette Allocation blocks 7 2 Directory entries 7 3 Drive See logical drive INDEX page Ll Editor in HDCONFIG 7 24 27 8 7 Mbyte hard disk 6 40 7 2 7 14 ERA CCP built in command 6 28 Erasing file 6 17 6 28 ERROR P amp T utility 5 1 6 42 43 Error messages ACCESS 6 4 5 BFBACKUP 6 11 13 BFRESTOR 6 21 23 CLEARDIR 6 26 FILEBACK 6 30 31 HDCHECK 6 35 36 HDCONFIG 7 28 33 HFORMAT 6 42 System 8 1 2 FASTCOPY P amp T utility 6 6 6 27 28 File Erase 6 17 Rename 6 16 6 19 Sizes 7 4 5 FILEBACK P amp T hard disk utility 1 2 6 1 6 24 6 27 31 7 1 Floppy drives choices with single drive systems 7 6 FORMAT P amp T utility 4 1 Hard disk Allocation blocks 7 21 23 Allocation vector
35. 12 Module library 7 1 7 7 7 13 7 15 7 23 28 7 32 NONE option of ACCESS 6 3 4 Password program 4 1 5 1 PIP DRI utility 6 6 6 27 28 6 30 PNTSUB ACP utility 6 28 Precompensation 6 40 7 14 Physical drive number 2 2 4 1 Read write R W access 6 3 Read only R O access 5 1 2 6 3 6 18 7 3 7 21 23 Registration of P amp T CP M 2 1 1 Rename file 6 16 6 19 RO option of ACCESS 6 3 4 RSH1 hard disk module 3 1 RW option of ACCESS 6 3 4 P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual S swap option of HDCONFIG 7 1 7 19 Sectors 6 32 Serial number CP M 2 1 1 Single density diskette 7 2 3 Single drive system 7 6 7 17 Special System Function 27 set clear drive access flag 5 1 6 2 Special System Function 28 set clear drive read write flag 5 1 6 2 SUB file use by FILEBACK 6 27 6 30 SUBMIT files 6 4 6 6 6 10 11 6 14 6 24 6 27 6 30 7 5 SYS file attribute 6 7 6 16 System bootstrap 6 38 6 41 System diskette making 3 1 12 Mbyte hard disk 6 40 7 2 7 13 TRSDOS INIT program 6 25 6 38 Unique file name 6 29 V option BFBACKUP 6 10 11 BFRESTOR 6 20 21 Verification of file copy operation 6 8 10 6 14 15 6 19 Warm boot 6 24 7 3 7 5 On hard disk system 4 1 Wild card 6 27 6 29 Write protect hard disk 5 2 6 32 XSUB 6 28
36. Conventions of Notation In general this addendum uses the same notation as the P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual for P amp T CP M 2 2m For your convenience an explanation is included here For ease of reference all page numbers in this manual consist of two numbers The first refers to the chapter number and the second to the page number within the chapter Figures within this manual are numbered in a similar way but the second number denotes the figure not the page within the chapter For example Figure 58 refers to the eighth figure in the fifth chapter If it is necessary to indicate a specific line within a figure a hyphen separates the figure and line numbers eg Line 58 12 means line 12 of Figure 58 Keep in mind that Line refers to a line of a figure not a line of the text When numbers are used within the addendum they should be considered to be decimal base 10 unless otherwise noted A hexadecimal number base 16 is indicated by appending the letter h to the number e g 1Ah A binary number base 2 is indicated by appending the letter b to the number eg 101b In figures that represent console displays this convention will not be used if the program that generated the display does not follow it Every effort has been made to make the figures representing console displays as accurate as possible The text relating to a figure will specify the base of the numbers displayed if it is not obvious from the context
37. ENTER gt when ready lt enter gt Figure 6 15 Prompting for Another Diskette If you do not change diskettes as requested in Figure 6 15 or if you should accidentally mount a diskette that had already been used in the backup operation BFBACKUP will display the message shown in Figure 6 16 gt gt gt gt Disk on drive D Is a completed backup disk Please remove it and insert a fresh disk In it s place Press lt ENTER gt when ready lt enter gt Figure 6 16 Console Display if Diskette is Not Changed Once a new diskette is mounted BFBACKUP will begin to write to it While it is writing it will display the message shown in Figure 6 17 Once again BFBACKUP keeps a running tally of how much of the source file has been backed up on Line page 6 10 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 BFBACKUP RS Hard Disk Addendum 6 17 5 If the backup is being verified the display of Figure 6 17 with the word Writing replaced by Verifying will be shown during the verification pass Displays of the form shown in Figure 6 17 will be presented for each additional destination diskette until the entire file is backed up Backing up file C BIGFILE EXT Writing backup disk 2 635 K Figure 6 17 Console Display While Writing to the Second and Following Diskettes If you should mount a diskette containing files when BFBACKUP asks for a new diskette it will present the display shown in Figure 6 18 At this point you have the option of lookin
38. G W dO Ld 84 aged WILSAS AHL ONENDIHNOO P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 9 RS Hard Disk Addendum Getting Ready access r w r o R W R W initial Ko LO LO KO CO In We f foe ve initial access Y N Y Y dir i of check dir ents Y N 256 256 alloc block size 8K 8K of Kbytes of tracks end at track 689 1379 Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Worksheet begin at track physical drive gt gt 5 A a am ria OW Q o ol O P Karen ound pe ag ba mne LL 88 oe Q De ov Configuration worksheet for a 12 Mbyte drive where the hard disk is divided into two approximately equal drives with a single floppy drive Drives C amp D are defined on the hard disk Module name HDT12 1 12 Mb drive has 1380 tracks Track 0 of physical hard disk drive 0 is reserved for system usage In the Radio b drive has 1024 tracks 8 7 M Notes Each track stores 8 5 Kbytes Shack Hard Disk versione page 7 10 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM P amp T CP M 2 Getting Ready RS Hard Disk Addendum initial access r w r o initial access Y N dir of check dir ents Y N alloc block size 12 Mb drive has 1380 tracks tracks track Track 0 of physical hard disk drive 0 Is reserved for system usage in the Radio 8 7 Mb drive has 1024 trackse aa a O In N ag foe f fla OD x N a Ooa fae a Mm k Ra
39. In this addendum the term Kbyte or Kb is taken to refer to 1024 bytes The term Mbyte or Mb is used to refer to 1024 Kbytes ie 1 048 576 bytes When it is necessary to refer to one of the named keys on the keyboard the name of the key is enclosed in angle brackets For example lt enter gt refers to the key on the keyboard labeled ENTER If you are instructed to type lt enter gt at some point it is expected that you will press the key labeled ENTER rather than typing the 7 characters ae at mer Mn me e npr HM Control keys and control codes are denoted by the characters ctl followed by a letter and enclosed in angle brackets e g lt ctl A gt In other manuals control codes are often indicated by a caret or up arrow immediately preceding the letter e g A The distinction between control keys and control codes is a fine one This addendum will use the term control key to refer to the key that is actually typed to generate a control code For example to generate a lt ctl A gt you would type the A key on the keyboard while holding down the lt ctrbD key the lt etrD key functions as a special type of shift key The control code is the numeric code that is generated by the keyboard and sent to the computer when a control key is typed Control codes are sometimes calle control characters Keep in mind that the term control code may be used without a reference to the keyboard For example some programs may
40. Kbyte allocation blocks Drive B stores about 6 Mbytes of data and has 512 directory entries and 8 Kbyte allocation blocks Logical drives C and D are assigned to physical floppy drives 0 and 1 You may increase or decrease the amount of space reserved for CP M by using HOCONFIG to modify this module MI6WBI1 This module contains the code to perform a warm boot operation on a Model 16 16B It does not require that a system diskette be mounted to perform a warm boot The top 16 Kbytes of the 68000 memory are used by the module P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual Index A option of FILEBACK 6 27 6 29 ACCESS P amp T hard disk utility 1 1 5 1 2 6 1 5 Advanced Command Processor ACP 6 27 30 Allocation block 6 32 7 2 7 4 7 21 23 And directory entries 7 30 Allocation vector 7 3 4 Arrow keys 7 18 19 Bad sectors in directory area 6 25 BDOS function 13 Disk system reset 6 24 See warmboot BFBACKUP P amp T hard disk utility 1 2 6 1 6 6 14 6 31 7 1 BFRESTOR P amp T hard disk utility 1 2 6 1 6 6 6 14 23 7 1 Binary numbers 2 1 BIOSMODS PNT file 7 1 7 13 BKMOUNT P amp T hard disk utility 1 2 6 1 6 24 6 28 BKUPA sub file 6 30 Console Command Processor CCP 6 28 CLEARDIR P amp T hard disk utility 1 2 6 1 6 25 26 6 32 6 38 Configuring a system 7 1 13 Factors 7 4 Worksheets 7 6 11 _ ctl D option of BFBACKUP 6 7 ctl P in HDCONFIG 7 12 Cold boot 4 1 5 1 6 2 Control code 2
41. M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 25 RS Hard Disk Addendum CLEARDIR 6 6 Utility name CLEARDIR Purpose To wipe clean the directory portion of a logical drive on a hard disk General Description The CLEARDIR utility program is designed to provide an easy method of clearing the directory area of a logical disk which is assigned to a hard disk drive It completely obliterates whatever is in the directory area of the disk and pays no attention to user number or read only file status If you have used the P amp T HFORMAT program on a hard disk it will not be necessary to use CLEARDIR However if you have used a hard disk with TRSDOS and do not reformat it with HFORMAT you should use CLEARDIR on all logical drives on the hard disk This will insure that no garbage is left in the directory areas that will interfere with the operation of P amp T CP M 2 Please note that the operation of CLEARDIR is irreversible Once you have run the program on a disk there is no way to recover the files on that disk Also note that if you have used HDCHECK to lock out flawed sectors on a logical drive assigned to a hard disk CLEARDIR will unlock them If a logical drive includes flawed sectors you must use HDCHECK on it after using CLEARDIR Using CLEARDIR Figure 6 39 shows a typical console dialog for using CLEARDIR The command shown on Line 6 39 1 will execute CLEARDIR A gt CLEARDIR lt enter gt Directory Erase Utility ver 2 xx c 1981 1983 Pickles
42. ONFIG 002 If you see this message you probably tried to execute HDCONFIG from another drive You must make the drive with all of the HDCONFIG files current before executing the program This can also be caused by not copying all of the HDCONFIG files when making a working disk HDCONFIG will return directly to the command level of the system after this error While Entering Physical Drive Information Enter a drive letter A to P Indicates that an invalid letter was entered in response to a query Re enter using one of the valid letters Drive X does not exist Indicates that the logical drive letter you entered while valid corresponds to a drive that does not exist on the system Cannot find X BIOSMODS PNT Indicates that the module library BIOSMODS PNT could not be found on the drive you specified X Make sure you entered the correct drive letter Error re opening library HDCONFIG closes and re opens the library file several times during execution This message indicates that one of these re open operations failed The most common cause of this error is changing the disk on which the library is stored It can also be caused by hardware problems X BIOSMODS PNT has no more room for additional modules You will be required to replace an existing module with the new module you are creating lt break gt will exit the program If the module library is full you cannot add a new module to it This message is given at the beginning
43. P amp T CP M 2 USER S MANUAL Radio Shack Hard Disk Addendum ie P amp T CP M 2 for the TRS 80 Models II 12 and 16 User s Manual Radio Shack Hard Disk Addendum TriSoft 1825 E 38 St Suite 202 Published by Austin Texas 78722 512 472 0744 Copyright 1983 Pickles amp Trout All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced transmitted transcribed stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language in any form or by any means electronic magnetic optical chemic l manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 Pickles amp Trout is a registered trademark of Pickles amp Trout CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc MAC is a trademark of Digital Research Inc TRS 80 and TRSDOS are trademarks of Tandy Corp Z 80 is a trademark of Zilog Inc IMPORTANT NOTE You should have received P amp T CP M 2 on a diskette with a label like the one shown below If you did not receive such a diskette you may not have received a valid copy of the system Please contact Pickles amp Trout at once All P amp T CP M 2 labels are printed in green ink on white paper If you purchased a registered user s copy of P amp T CP M 2 you are required to transfer the registration to your name There is a fee for this transfer If you fail to transfer the registration you will not receive the Pick
44. PROGRAMS page 6 43 RS Hard Disk Addendum HFORMAT Drive must be specified with a letter from A to P You must specify logical drives with the letters A through P This message is displayed if you entered a letter other than these when specifying a logical drive That logical drive is not defined for this system This message indicates that you have specified a logical drive to be formatted that does not exist on the system Recheck your system configuration to find which drives are defined That logical drive is not assigned to a hard disk This message is given if you specify a logical drive that is defined for the system but is not assigned to a hard disk HFORMAT works only with logical drives assigned to the hard disk Recheck your system configuration to find which drives are defined to be on a hard disk Drive 0 is not on line and ready cannot write bootstrap This message is displayed if HFORMAT found that physical hard disk drive 0 the primary hard disk unit was not ready when you selected main menu item 3 to write the system bootstrap This typically results from the drive not being turned on Drive 0 is write protected cannot write bootstrap Physical hard disk drive 0 must not be write protected in order for the system bootstrap to be written If it is write protected this message will be displayed Turn off the write protect switch and select main menu item 3 again Disk error while formatting boot track error code xxxx Befor
45. RAMS P amp T CP M 2 HFORMAT RS Hard Disk Addendum 6 10 Utility name HFORMAT Purpose To format a portion of a hard disk drive and to install a system bootstrap on the primary hard disk drive General Description HFORMAT performs two jobs It allows you to format a portion of a hard disk drive and it allows you to install a system bootstrap on the primary hard disk drive drive 0 A hard disk must be formatted before it can be used by the operating system If you formatted a hard disk with the TRSDOS INIT program you do not need to reformat it however you may need to run the CLEARDIR program as described in Section 6 6 If you have not formatted a hard disk you may use the HFORMAT program which runs somewhat faster than TRSDOS INIT When first formatting a hard disk it is usually best to format by track numbers option 2 since this insures that the entire disk is formatted HFORMAT has the advantage of being able to format portions of a hard disk while leaving the rest of it untouched The portion to be formatted may be specified by either a range of track numbers or as a logical drive If you specify a logical drive HFORMAT will format only those tracks that are assigned to that logical drive You may find it desireable to reformat a logical drive if you wish to change the programs stored on it Although it is not necessary to reformat under these conditions you may want to start off with an entirely clean logical drive ie no l
46. RESTOR will prompt you again for the diskette it wants Disk on Source drive is not a valid backup disk This message indicates that the diskette you have mounted was not generated by the BFBACKUP program Disk on Source drive is backup disk N This message is given any time that a wrong disk in the backup series is found on the source drive This can be caused by mounting a diskette out of order or one that has already been restored P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 23 RS Hard Disk Addendum BFRESTOR NOT ENOUGH SPACE This message indicates that there is not enough space on the destination drive to restore the entire file You should restore to another drive or delete files from the specified destination drive until there is enough space available Can t find file x filename ext Indicates that the file x filename ext which you have requested to be erased could not be found on the destination drive Check your typing to make sure you entered the file name correctly gt gt gt gt Error Bad Source drive name Indicates that the logical drive letter entered on the command line for the source drive was not in the range A P gt gt gt gt Error Bad Destination drive name Indicates that the logical drive letter entered on the command line for the destination drive was not in the range A P gt gt gt Error Bad file name Indicates that the file name entered on the command line contained illegal characters gt gt
47. Text HDCONFIG will then show you the text deseription associated with that module as shown in Figure 7 10 page 7 16 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM P amp T CP M 2 Using HDCONFIG RS Hard Disk Addendum P amp T CP M 2 Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Program Ver 3 xxx SAMPLMOD created 5 16 83 2 floppies 1 12 meg radio shack hard disk Drive Alloc Blk Dir Ents Start Track Tracks A 4k 256 1 241 B 8k 256 242 569 C 8k 256 811 569 D gt phys floppy 0 E gt phys floppy 1 Figure 7 10 Display of Text Description from a Module After HDCONFIG has read a module or you have finished entering the number and types of the hard and floppy disk drives HDCONFIG will present you with a summary as shown in Figure 7 11 These Physical Drives are Present on the System 1 hard disk drive 2 floppy disk drives Drive Heads Cyl 0 6 230 12 Mb WOOnNAUPUWDN e ce fe oo o oo ce oo ce oo is this correct N lt enter gt Figure Tell Summary of Physical Drives If the parameters displayed are correct you should enter an affirmative response to proceed to the configuration portion of the program If you enter a negative response you will be given the option of either changing the number and types of drives or reading another module as shown in Figure 7 12 This option is very useful when adding drives to your system For example say that when you initially configured the system you had only a single hard disk drive bu
48. a fixed disk that eannot be changed 7 3 Tradeoffs When configuring a hard disk system there are a multitude of tradeoffs that must be considered in deciding on the configuration to use The two variables that enter most prominently into the considerations are memory usage by the operating system and speed of access to disk drives Unfortunately the items that must be considered are inter dependent which makes it somewhat difficult to consider one at a time page 7 4 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM P amp T CP M 2 Tradeoffs RS Hard Disk Addendum The first thing to do when configuring a hard disk system is try to define the use to which it will be put For example if the hard disk is to be used primarily for large files different choices will be indicated than if it were to be used for a large number of small files Another consideration is the software that will be running on the drive If the software requires a certain number of logical drives it may dictate how the hard disk is divided up into logical drives Occasionally a program will not be able to make use of a logical drive larger than a certain size in this case the size of the logical drives defined on a hard disk may be tailored to what the program requires In general the following information will be useful in selecting the parameters for the logical drives that are defined on a hard disk 1 The largest number of files that it is likely will be stored on a given logical drive define
49. ages Non modular system not compatible with this program BFRESTOR is designed to work only with P amp T CP M 2 2m and subsequent releases You have attempted to run the program on an earlier release Open Error on Source drive Indicates that an error occurred while attempting to open a file on the source drive BFRESTOR is restarted after an error of this type Open Error on Destination drive Indicates that an error occurred while attempting to open a file on the destination drive BFRESTOR is restarted after an error of this type Close Error on Source drive Indicates that an error occurred while attempting to close a file on the source drive BFRESTOR is restarted after an error of this type Close Error on Destination drive Indicates that an error occurred while attempting to close a file on the destination drive BFRESTOR is restarted after an error of this type Read Error on Source drive Indicates that a disk error occurred while reading from the source drive BFRESTOR is restarted after an error of this type Read Error on Destination drive Indicates that a disk error occurred while reading from the destination drive BFRESTOR is restarted after an error of this type Write Error on Source drive Indicates that a disk error occurred while writing to the source drive BFRESTOR is restarted after an error of this type Write Error on Destination drive Indicates that a disk error occurred while writing to the destination drive
50. ake room for the file to be restored Pickles amp Trout Big File Restore Utility ver 1 xxx Press lt BREAK gt to quit lt F1 gt to restart Disk on drive D is the first backup disk for the file BIGFILE EXT Total size of Source file 1456 K Space on Destination disk C O K lt NOT ENOUGH SPACE Output file name C BIGFILE EXT OPTIONS R Restore file C Change output file name D View Destination directory T Try another disk on Source drive Enter your choice here D lt enter gt Figure 6 26 Console Display After First Diskette is Mounted The directory display has the form shown in Figure 6 27 All files in the directory under the current user number are displayed including any files that have the SYS attribute set so that they do not show in a standard directory display Only a limited number of directory entries are displayed at any one time since the rest of the space on the display is needed for other information The size of the file being restored and the total available space on the destination disk are shown on Lines 6 27 13 and 6 27 14 The available options are displayed on Lines 6 27 17 through 6 27 22 P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 17 RS Hard Disk Addendum BFRESTOR The B option moves you back to the beginning of the directory in case you want to go through it again The D option moves you on to the next set of the directory entries On Line 6 27 24 the user selects the D option
51. allocation block and hence its size may vary from logical drive to logical drive For a single density diskette an allocation block contains 8 logical sectors making it 1 Kbyte in size For a double density diskette single or double sided an allocation block contains 16 logical sectors for a size of 2 Kbytes For a logical drive which is defined on a hard disk the size of the allocation block is under your control Space on a logical disk is assigned to disk files on the basis of allocation blocks When a file is first created and has no information stored in it it has no allocation blocks assigned to it When the first logical sector of information is written to a file the file is assigned an allocation block Once an allocation block is assigned to a disk file it cannot be used by any other disk file Because disk storage is assigned in this way small files can take up considerably more space than the amount of information they contain As more information is written to a file than can be contained in one allocation block the file is assigned another allocation block This process is repeated as the file grows in size In order to access a file CP M must keep a record of which P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 3 RS Hard Disk Addendum Terms and Concepts allocation blocks are assigned to which file This information is kept in a directory on each logical drive When a file is created an entry is made in the directory for th
52. an affirmative response HDCONFIG will then install the module displaying the message shown in Figure 7 28 while doing so OK to install new module in library now Y N Y lt enter gt Figure 7 27 Prompt for Permission to Instali Module in Library Writing Module eevcccccccccceccccce Figure 7 28 Display While Module is Being Installed in Library After the module has been written to the library HDCONFIG will return to the command level of the system page 7 28 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM i P amp T CP M 2 Possible Error Messages _ RS Hard Disk Addendum 7 7 Possible Error Messages General Not a valid response please re enter This is a general error message which indicates that something is wrong with the response that you have just given The message appears by itself when the reason for it is obvious like answering Q to a Y N question or in conjunction with other error messages if additional explanation is needed Not enough memory to run HDCONFIG _ HDCONFIG requires about 48 Kbytes of memory to execute If you have reserved a lot of memory above the operating system you may encounter this message under normal circumstances it should not occur If you get this message you should run HDCONFIG on a system that reserves less or no memory above the system HDCONFIG overlay files are not present on the current disk drive All of these files must be on the current drive when you execute HDCONFIG HDCONFIG COM HDCONFIG 001 HDC
53. ard disk with two floppy drives It leaves the first 150 cylinders of the hard disk for TRSDOS 4 2 or XENIX files and divides the second half into two logical drives that are approximately equal in size 3 8 to 4 0 Mbytes Each has 256 directory entries and 8 Kbyte allocation blocks Logical drives C and D are defined to be physical floppy drive O and 1 respectively HDT35 1 Contains a disk parameter table for use with a single 35 Mbyte hard disk and a single floppy drive Logical drives A B C D and E are assigned to the hard disk Logical drive A stores 4 Mbytes has 384 directory entries and 4 Kbyte allocation blocks Drives B C D E store about 7 7 Mbytes each have 512 directory entries and 8 Kbyte allocation blocks Logical drives F and G are defined on the single floppy drive thus the system will perform disk swapping see Section 3 3 of the P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual HDT35 2 Contains a disk parameter table for use with a single 35 Mbyte hard disk system and two floppy drives It is exactly the same as HDT35 1 except that logical drives F and G are assigned to physical floppy drives 0 and 1 respectively HDT 35 3 Contains a disk parameter table for use with a single 35 Mbyte hard disk with two floppy drives It reserves the first 25 Mbytes of storage 365 cylinders for XENIX files and assigns two CP M logical drives to the remaining 10 Mbytes Logical drive A stores about 4 Mbytes of data and has 384 directory entries and 4
54. are found which include bad blocks they are reported on the console so you will be aware of the problem The hard disk containing the logical drive being tested may be write protected by having its write protect switch on during the checking operation The drive must not be write protected when the bad blocks if any are marked Using HDCHECK The command line for executing HDCHECK is shown in Figure 6 46 A gt HDCHECK lt enter gt Figure 6 46 Command Line to Execute HDCHECK While HDCHECK is executing there will be two lines at the top of the screen identifying the program Most of the user interaction such as prompting for the drive to test will occur in the middle of the screen Error messages will be P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS l page 6 33 RS Hard Disk Addendum HDCHECK displayed on the last 3 lines of the sereen Other messages giving the results of operations will also be displayed on the last 3 lines of the sereen While HDCHECK is waiting for the user to acknowledge a message it will flash the line shown in Figure 6 47 on the bottom line of the display press lt enter gt to continue Figure 6 47 Message Flashed at Bottom of Display while Waiting for User After HDCHECK starts execution it will present a display such as the one shown in Figure 6 48 On line 6 48 9 you are asked to enter the letter of the logical drive you want checked or 0 zero if you want to return to the system command level Figure 6 48 sho
55. ation will issue disk swapping messages to emulate multiple diskette drives using the single physical drive If you respond with 1 this swapping will not be done P amp T CP M 2 Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Program Ver 3 xxx These Physical Drives are Present on the System 1 hard disk drive 1 floppy disk drive Drive Heads Cyl note Since this is a single floppy 0 6 230 12 Mb drive system you may assign up to 4 logical drives to the single physical floppy drive How many logical floppies do you want 2 lt enter gt Is this correct Y lt enter gt Figure 7 13 Physical Drive Summary for a Single Floppy System Part 2 Defining the Logical Drives After you have accepted the physical drive summary and assuming that you did not have HDCONFIG read parameters from an existing module it will next create a console display as shown in Figure 7 14 The top 5 lines of this display will remain in place as you enter the configuration information and will be updated to indicate any changes you make page 7 18 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM P amp T CP M 2 Using HDCONFIG RS Hard Disk Addendum P amp T CP M 2 Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Program Ver 3xxx Number of logical drives defined hard 0 floppy 0 working on drive ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOP Total space used 32 bytes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Figure 7 14 Initial Display with no Drives Def ined Line 7 14 3 shows the number of logical drives
56. beginning track number and number of tracks you specified for this hard disk drive combine to exceed the number of tracks on the hard disk This logical drive overlaps the tracks defined for logical drive X HDCONFIG does not allow you to specify a track range for a hard disk logical drive that will conflict with another hard disk logical drive This message indicates that such a conflict was found with the logical drive X The number of directory entries must be a multiple of NNN The directory must occupy one or more complete allocation blocks on the disk As a result the total number of directory entries must be a multiple of the number of entries that will fit in one allocation block This message indicates that the number of entries you specified is not such a multiple NNN will be replaced by the number of entries that will fit into one allocation block Too many directory entries for allocation block size A maximum of 16 allocation blocks may be used for directory space This puts an upper limit on the number of directory entries that may be specified for a logical disk drive For example a 4 Kbyte allocation block will hold 128 directory entries Hence a drive with 4 Kbyte allocation blocks will be limited to 2048 directory entries You will probably never run into this limit since it is highly unusual to require more than 512 directory entries on a drive This logical drive is not defined as a physical hard disk drive This message is di
57. boot operation for a Radio Shack hard disk system on a Mod 16 6000 or a Mod II 12 with a Motorola 68000 microprocessor installed in it This module does not require that a system disk be mounted to perform a warm boot It uses the top 16 Kbytes of the 68000 memory RFLWB1 Contains the code to perform a warm boot operation for a Radio Shack hard disk system This module DOES require that a system disk be mounted to perform a warm boot HDT 8 1 Contains a disk parameter table for use with a single 8 7 Mbyte hard disk and a single floppy drive Logical drives C and D are defined on the hard disk each using about half the disk 4 3 Mbytes with 256 directory entries and 8 Kbyte allocation blocks Logical drives A and B are defined on the single floppy drive thus the system will perform disk swapping see Section 3 3 of the P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual HDT 8 2 Exactly the same as HDT8 1 except that logical drives A and B are assigned to the hard disk while C and D are defined on the single floppy Since it is usually best to have logical drive A on the hard disk you would probably want to choose this module over HDT8 1 HDT 8 3 Contains a disk parameter table for use with a single 8 7 Mbyte hard disk with two floppy drives Logical drives A and B are defined on the hard disk each using about half the disk 4 3 Mbytes with 256 directory entries and 8 Kbyte allocation blocks Logical drives C and D are defined to be physical floppy dr
58. d 8 Kbyte allocation blocks Logical drives D and E are defined to be physical floppy drives Q and 1 respectively HDT15 1 Contains a disk parameter table for use with a single 15 Mbyte hard disk and a single floppy drive Logical drives A and B are defined on the hard disk each using about half the disk and with 256 directory entries and 8 Kbyte allocation blocks Logical drives C and D are defined on the single floppy drive thus the system will perform disk swapping see Section 3 3 of the P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual HDT15 2 Contains a disk parameter table for use with a single 15 Mbyte hard disk system with two floppy drives Logical drive A is defined on the hard disk and is about 2 Mbytes in size with 384 directory entries and a 4 Kbyte allocation block Logical drives B and C divide the remaining hard disk space each is about 6 7 Mbytes in size with 256 directory entries and 8 Kbyte allocation blocks Logical drives D and E are defined to be physical floppy drives 0 and 1 respectively i HDT15 3 i Contains a disk parameter table for use with a single 15 Mbyte hard disk with two floppy drives Logical drives A B C and D are defined on the hard disk each using about one fourth of the disk 3 7 to 4 0 Mbytes with 256 directory entries and 8 Kbyte allocation blocks Logical drives E and F are defined to be physical floppy drive 0 and 1 respectively HDT15 4 Contains a disk parameter table for use with a single 15 Mbyte h
59. d Disk Check Program ver 1 xx Copyright 1982 by Pickles amp Trout Files that contain bad blocks filename 001 filename 002 filename 003 filename 004 fi lename 005 filename 006 ee et oe a PUNO UO DW IHNRUNHPWN press lt enter gt to continue Figure 6 53 Display Given if Files are Affected by the Bad Blocks P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 35 RS Hard Disk Addendum HDCHECK Possible Error Messages Not a valid response please re enter This message is usually used in conjunction with other messages to indicate that you made an unexpected response to the prompt For example this message would be given if you entered Q as a logical drive letter That logical drive is not defined for this system This message indicates that the logical drive you have specified is not available on the system and hence cannot be tested That drive is not assigned to a hard disk This message indicates that the logical drive you have requested to be tested is a not assigned to a hard disk HDCHECK may only be used on logical drives assigned to a hard disk That drive is not on line and ready cannot check This message is given when HDCHECK finds the drive you have specified not ready This is typically caused by the hard disk to which the drive is assigned not being turned on This logical drive has more than 50 bad blocks indicating a severe hardware problem Aborting check process A typical disk drive will have very
60. d on a hard disk Keep in mind that a different number may used for each of the logical drives defined on a hard disk 2 The number of small files less than 16 Kbytes that are likely to be stored on a logical drive 3 The number of large files greater than 200 Kbytes that are likely to be stored on a logical drive 4 The approximate average size of the disk files to be stored on a logical drive 5 Any restrictions on logical drive size that may be imposed by programs that will be run on the system 6 Any restrictions on the number of logical drives that may be imposed by programs that will be run on the system A good way to start the selection of parameters is to consider the allocation block size Recall that the size of the allocation vector in memory is related to the allocation block size so the choice made for the allocation block size directly affects the memory required by the operating system Larger block sizes are generally more useful when mostly large files are to be stored on a logical drive If a large allocation block size is specified for a drive that has mostly small files a lot of disk space is wasted since even very small files will be assigned one entire allocation block A large allocation block reduces the memory required for the allocation vector since for a given size of logical drive there will be fewer allocation blocks than if a smaller allocation block is specified The choice of allocation block size
61. d response please re enter This message is displayed either alone or with other messages if the response you give to a question is not among the acceptable responses Frequently the question asked will indicate what responses are considered acceptable An example of a case where this message would be given is entering Q when prompted for a logical drive letter Please respond with A P or 0 only This message indicates that you did not enter one of the egeentanle responses to the request for a logical drive letter That logical drive is not on the system This message is displayed if you enter the letter of a logical drive that is not defined for the system The drives that are defined are displayed on the console by ACCESS P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 5 RS Hard Disk Addendum ACCESS There is no access control for diskette drives This message indicates that you are trying to change the access mode of a diskette drive The system does not support access control for diskette drives Logieal drive A must always be accessible This message indicates that you have tried to set logical drive A to no access The system requires logical drive A to always be accessible in order to function Logical drive A may be set to either read only or read write however Please respond with NONE RO or RW only This message is displayed if the response you made to the query for the type of access for a logical drive could not be understo
62. ddle cylinder is calculated to be 114 Write precompensation is not a very critical parameter a few cylinders one way or the other will not affect drive performance NOTE If you want to format an entire 12 Mbyte hard disk you need only press lt enter gt on each of Lines 6 59 10 to 6 59 14 In this case the default values assumed by HFORMAT will be correct After you have entered the information HFORMAT will reiterate it on Lines 6 59 16 and 6 59 17 It then reminds you that all data stored on this area of the hard disk will be destroyed by the format operation Lines 6 59 18 and 6 59 19 and asks if you want to go ahead with the format operation Line 6 59 21 If you respond negatively HFORMAT returns to Figure 6 56 If you respond affirmatively HFORMAT begins formatting the indicated section of the hard disk As each track is being formatted its track number is shown on Line 6 59 23 If you select option 3 to write the system bootstrap HFORMAT will display the message shown in Figure 6 60 while it is writing the bootstrap Note that it typically takes only a very short time for the bootstrap to be written hence if you do not watch closely you may miss the display shown in Figure 6 60 If you do not get an error message the bootstrap was successfully written Radio Shack Hard Disk Format Program ver 1 xx Copyright 1982 by Pickles amp Trout Writing Boot Track i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Figure 6 60 Installing tne Bo
63. de also allows SUBMIT files to change drive access modes if necessary When using the command line mode you specify the drives to be changed by typing the drive letter followed by an equals sign followed by one of three access modes RO RW or NONE For example the string B NONE will set logical drive B to no access Similarly B RO will set logical drive B to read only Figure 6 5 shows an example of using the command line mode of ACCESS A gt ACCESS A RO B RO C RW lt enter gt logical drive A set to read only logical drive B set to read only logical drive C set to read write A gt Figure 6 5 Executing ACCESS in the Command Line Mode As shown in Figure 6 5 ACCESS reports each change in drive access mode as it is made This assures you that ACCESS actually made the changes you wanted If a change you wanted made is not reported either ACCESS could not understand the command line you typed or you asked for an illegal operation Examples of illegal operations are specifying a logical drive that is not defined for the system _ specifying a logical drive assigned to a diskette drive or trying to set logical drive A to no access Other examples of command lines that could be used with ACCESS are ACCESS E NONE Makes logical drive inaccessible ACCESS B RO D RW F RW Makes logical drive B accessible for reading only and logical drives D and F accessible for both reading and writing Possible Error Messages Not a vali
64. deoffs associated with it is the number of directory entries For logical drives that are set up to check for disk changes space for the directory check vector must be allocated in memory The more directory entries there are the more space will be required for the directory check vector Of course no check vector is allocated for a drive that does no checking for changed disks Obviously this checking is not wanted for a logical drive defined on a hard disk The number of directory entries on a logical disk drive can have an affect on speed of access to the drive As was previously noted CP M seans the entire directory when a logical drive is first accessed after a warm boot or disk system reset The larger the directory the longer it will take to make this scan After the first access to a drive the time required for directory operations is not highly dependent on the size of the directory Of course directory operations will slow down somewhat as the directory fills up but the additional time is usually small Although the time it takes to scan the entire directory may not seem very important since it only occurs during the first access to a drive after a warm boot or disk system reset it bears some consideration If the usage of the system is such that a warm boot or disk system reset occurs only at the end of programs then the time taken for the directory scan is not too important However many programs do make use of the disk system rese
65. dio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Worksheet Configuration worksheet for a 12 Mbyte drive where the hard disk is divided into 4 approximately equal drives with two floppy drives Module name HDT12 4 Notes Each track stores 8 5 Kbytes Shack Hard Disk version P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 11 RS Hard Disk Addendum Getting Ready initial access r w r o R W R W initial access Y N ER dir check Y N amp of dir ents 384 256 alloc block size a 8K 12 Mb drive has 1380 tracks 241 569 1379 ATA at of of track tracks Kbytes 4836 Track 0 of physical hard disk drive 0 is reserved for system usage In the Radio 1 8 7 Mb drive has 1024 tracks begin at track Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Worksheet physical drive 1 hard or f lop D FLOPPY gt a Q O TE Configuration worksheet for a 12 Mbyte drive where the hard disk is divided into one small 2 Mb and two large 48 Mb drives with two floppy drives Module name HDT12 5 logical drive Notes Each track stores 8 5 Kbytes Shack Hard Disk version page 7 12 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM P amp T CP M 2 Using HDCONFIG RS Hard Disk Addendum 7 6 Using HDCONFIG HDCONFIG is a very user interactive program that allows you to specify the disk drive configuration for the hard disk system To do this it takes the information you enter and crea
66. diskette In Figure 6 25 the user elects to try another source diskette After this option is selected BFRESTOR returns to the prompt of Figure 6 23 Disk on drive D is backup disk 2 for the file BSIGFILE EXT OPTIONS D View Destination directory T Try another disk on Source drive CoWdMstAWNAWN an ve oe eo bo ov oo os oo oo Enter your choice here T lt enter gt Figure 6 25 Display if the Wrong Backup Diskette is Mounted If the mounted diskette is the first in the backup series BFRESTOR proceeds to read it and present the display shown in Figure 6 26 On Line 6 26 6 BFRESTOR reports the name of the file that was backed up onto the diskette On Line 6 26 8 the total size of the file is displayed and on Line 6 26 9 the amount of available space on the destination drive is displayed If there is not enough space on the destination drive to restore the entire file BFRESTOR displays the message NOT ENOUGH SPACE as shown on Line 6 26 9 On Line 6 26 11 BFRESTOR shows the name which will be used for the restored file Note that it defaults to the same name the file had when it was backed up BFRESTOR then presents the options you have at this point Lines 6 26 13 through 6 26 18 and requests that you enter the option you want on Line 6 26 20 In Figure 6 26 the user selects the option to look at the directory of the destination drive While viewing the destination drive directory you may delete files if you wish to m
67. drive letter from the file name Invalid destination drive This message indicates that that no destination drive was specified or the drive letter specified for the destination drive is not in the range of A P P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 31 RS Hard Disk Addendum FILEBACK Destination drive cannot be drive A Since the SUB files and the intermediate file that are used by the SUBMIT process are stored on drive A it is not possible for drive A to be the destination drive You should use another logical drive as the destination Source and destination drive cannot be the same This message indicates that you have specified the same drive letter for both the source and destination drives This is not allowed since it would result in transferring files from a drive to itself ffffffff xxx is too large for one diskette use big file backup program This message is displayed when FILEBACK finds a disk file that is too large to fit on an empty diskette ffffffffxxx will be replaced with the name of the file that is too large The BFBACKUP utility program can be used to backup files that are larger than the capacity of a single diskette The file named in this message will not be included in the SUB file created by FILEBACK Error while creating BKUPx SUB This message is displayed if a disk system error occurs while creating the SUB file of the name shown The x in the SUB file will be replaced by letter that changes depending on h
68. e can be used to provide regulated access to a disk drive For example suppose the system is configured with 4 logical drives assigned to a hard disk Each of these 4 drives might be used for different types of programs Bookkeeping programs could be on one of the drives customer records on another inventory management on a third and program development on the fourth The system could be configured so that all of these logical drives are not accessible when the system first comes up the user would be initially limited to using the diskette drives A program could then be written that would allow a user to change the status of one or more of the logical drives so that it becomes accessible This program could include some sort of security measures such as requiring passwords or other identification before allowing access to a logical drive Note that passwords and other security measures are not part of the system they are implemented by a program of some sort It is possible for anyone with a knowledge of the system to write a program or use the ACCESS utility program to gain access to any logical drive to which access is blocked hence this scheme cannot be considered to provide high level security If a user or a program attempts to gain access to a logical drive to which access is denied the error message given in Figure 51 will be given The xx in the message will be replaced by a hexadecimal representation 00 A 01 B 0F P of the log
69. e file As a file becomes larger it is possible that all of the information pertinent to that file cannot fit into a single entry in the directory In this case another entry in the directory is made to hold the additional information Large files can end up using several directory entries For a single density diskette there is space set aside for 64 directory entries On a double density single sided diskette space is provided for 128 directory entries A double density double sided diskette has space for 192 directory entries For logical drives defined on a hard disk the number of directory entries is under your control It is important to keep in mind that the number of directory entries is not necessarily the number of files that can be stored on the logical disk since large files can require multiple directory entries Typically one runs out of directory space when a logical disk drive has a lot of small files stored on it rather than several large files In addition to the directory information CP M must also maintain information about which allocation blocks are in use on a logical drive and which are free This information is kept in a table in the computer s memory called an allocation vector The allocation vector contains one bit for each allocation block on the logical _ drive The more allocation blocks there are on a disk drive the larger its allocation vector will be When a logical disk is first accessed after a warm boot re
70. e hard disk drives on your system you must use the MODSEL see Chapter 6 of the P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual utility program to include in the system the necessary modules While it is executing MODSEL will present you with the names of any Hard Disk Driver Modules that are available for you to use You should choose a Radio Shack hard disk driver module the standard one is named RSH1 If there are no Radio Shack hard disk modules listed either you do not have a hard disk version of the system or if you are upgrading you have not installed the new modules in your module library MODSEL will also ask you to choose a Disk Table Module It is this module that actually defines how the disk drives on your system are used We have supplied with the system a number of these modules for typical disk configurations Refer to appendix A of this addendum for a description of these modules If one of the supplied modules provides a configuration that meets your need you need merely select it If none of the supplied disk table modules seems to be quite right you can create your own using the HDCONFIG utility program Chapter 7 of this addendum discusses in detail the considerations you should be aware of before creating your own disk table module You should read Chapter 7 carefully before custom configuring your system After you have used MODSEL to select the hard disk related modules and any other modules you wish to include in the system
71. e of the diskette oriented utility programs FORMAT DISKTEST etc when you are asked to specify the diskette disk drive on which some operation is to take place In order to alleviate the confusion all of these utility programs allow you to specify diskette drives by either the logical drive letter assigned to the drive or the physical drive number For a Model II the built in drive is physical drive 0 and the expansion drives are physical drives 1 through 3 For a Model 12 or 16 the two built in drives are physical drives 0 and 1 while the expansion drives are physical drives 2 and 3 Several new utility programs oriented toward the hard disk have been added to the system These programs have to do with formatting and testing the hard disk configuring the system and backing up and restoring data on the hard disk These programs are described in Chapter 6 of this addendum A new system feature has been added that allows you to limit access to any logical drives assigned to a hard disk This feature allows you to write protect individual logical drives on a hard disk without write protecting the entire disk This feature can also be used to implement a password scheme for gaining access to logical drives on the hard disk The access limitation function of the system is described in Chapter 5 The ACCESS utility program described in Section 6 2 provides a means of modifying the drive access from the console The system MENU function DP canno
72. e the bootstrap is written to track 0 of physical hard disk drive 0 the track is formatted This message is given if an error occurred while the track was being formatted You may use the ERROR utility program to get an explanation of the error code Disk error while writing boot track error code xxxx If a disk error occurs while the system bootstrap is being written to the disk this error message is given You may use the ERROR utility program to get an explanation of the error code page 644 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 HLOADER RS Hard Disk Addendum 6 11 Utility name HLOADER Purpose To install a system loader on hard disk drive 0 so that the system will load without a system diskette General Description The HLOADER utility program allows you to install a full system loader on the primary Radio Shack hard disk drive After this full loader is installed a system diskette will no longer be needed for cold booting RESETting the system Note if you use HLOADER you should not option 3 of HFORMAT as recommended elsewhere in this addendum You must do three things before using HLOADER to install a full loader on the hard disk First you should select a hard disk table parameter module from among the preconfigured modules or if necessary create a module using HDCONFIG In either case it must define at least one logical drive on physical hard disk drive 0 See Chapter 7 in this addendum and Chapter 6 in your 2 2m User s Man
73. ed will be mounted In this example logical P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 15 RS Hard Disk Addendum BFRESTOR drive D was specified On Line 6 22 9 BFRESTOR requests the logical drive to which the file will be restored In this example logical drive C was entered If you make a mistake in entering either of these drive letters merely press lt F1 gt to start over BFRESTOR then asks if you want the file verified after it is restored If you respond affirmatively as shown on Line 6 22 12 the restoration operation will take about twice as long as if no verification is done Pickles amp Trout Big File Restore Utility ver 1 xxx Press lt BREAK gt to quit lt F1 gt to restart Enter floppy disk Source drive e A P D lt enter gt Enter hard disk Destination drive A P C lt enter gt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Do you want the file to be verified while being restored Y N Y lt enter gt Figure 6622 Initial Dialog of BFRESTOR in Prompted Mode After you have completed the initial dialog as shown in Figure 6 22 BFRESTOR will prompt you to mount the first of the backup diskettes generated by BFBACKUP on the drive you specified and press lt enter gt Figure 6 23 Insert the first backup disk in drive D and press lt ENTER gt lt enter gt Figure 6 23 Prompting for the First Diskette If in response to the prompt of Figure 6 22 you mount a diskette that was not generated by BFBACKUP you
74. editor As a convenience HDCONFIG allows you to read the text description from any module in the library and then edit it This is particularly useful when you are just making a few changes to an existing disk table module P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 25 RS Hard Disk Addendum Using HDCONFIG Enter description of disk table for your future reference 3 press ESC when done press F2 for help Tab function MOVE CURSOR Text mode NORMAL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Figure 7 24 Display for Entrering Module Description Line 7 24 1 reminds you that you should be entering a description of the disk configuration you are generating so that you can refer to it in the future Line 7 24 2 indicates that you should press the lt ese gt key when you are finished entering the description Since you may not remember all the editing functions that are available HDCONFIG has a help function available By pressing lt f gt HDCONFIG will display a summary of the editing functions as shown in Figure 7 25 The left end of Line 7 24 3 reminds you that this help is available While accepting the description of the module HDCONFIG has two modes NORMAL and INSERT While in the NORMAL mode any character you type except for control characters will overwrite the character at the cursor position The cursor is then moved to the next character position on the line In the INSERT mode characters you type are inserted into the text at the c
75. eftover junk from previous uses In addition to formatting hard disks HFORMAT allows you to install a system bootstrap on the primary hard disk drive physical hard disk 0 Before this bootstrap is installed to boot P amp T CP M 2 you must hold down the lt break gt and lt repeat gt keys on the keyboard while pressing RESET on the front of the computer After the bootstrap is installed P amp T CP M 2 will automatically boot when you press the RESET switch provided the primary hard disk drive is turned on and there is a system diskette in floppy drive 0 Using HFORMAT The command line for executing HFORMAT is shown in Figure 6 54 A gt HFORMAT lt enter gt Figure 6 54 Command Line to Execute HFORMAT While HFORMAT is executing there will be two lines at the top of the screen identifying the program Most of the user interaction such as prompting for the drive to test will occur in the middle of the screen Error messages will be displayed on the last 3 lines of the screen Other messages giving the results of operations will also be displayed on the last 3 lines of the screen While HFORMAT is waiting for the user to acknowledge a message it will flash the line shown in Figure 6 55 on the bottom line of the display P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 39 RS Hard Disk Addendum HFORMAT l press lt enter gt to continue Figure 6 55 Message Flashed at Bottom of Display While Waiting for User The various different options ava
76. er an error of this type Write Error on Destination drive Indicates that a disk error occurred while writing to the destination drive BFBACKUP is restarted after an error of this type Invalid drive name Indicates that the logical drive letter just entered in the prompted mode is not in the range A P Invalid file name Indicates that the file name just entered in the prompted mode contains illegal characters Drive letter in file name doesn t match specified Source drive Indicates that the drive designation given with the file name just entered in the prompted mode does not match the source drive previously entered Source and Destination cannot be the same drive Indicates that you have specified the same logical drive for both the source and destination drives This is not permitted when running BFBACKUP This message can be given in either the prompted or command line mode That drive is not on the system Indicates that the logical drive just specified for the source or destination drive in the prompted mode is not defined for this system Can t find file on Source disk Indicates that a file with the specified name does not exist on the source drive Display the directory to check if you are using the right name Not a valid response please re enter Indicates that the response you entered is not among the acceptable responses for the question asked The acceptable responses are usually indicated in the question gt gt
77. ere are more files than can be displayed on the console at one time Line 68 22 will have the message More directory entries follow More entries will be displayed after you press lt enter gt This will continue until all of the directory entries have been displayed Directory including hidden files e o ASM COM CRT DEF DDT DUMP COM ED COM OoBWwAIAMNLSWND oe so eo oo os ce oo os es oo C C C Cc 0 C C C C Cc C C Cc C C XSUB COM DATIME COM AUTOEXEC COM CLEARDIR COM DDCHECK COM BIGFILE EXT End of directory listing press lt enter gt to continue Figure 6 8 Display of Source Disk Directory from BFBACKUP After the last group of directory entries is displayed and you press lt enter gt you will be returned to the initial console dialog as shown in Figure 6 9 You may then enter the name of the file to be transferred on Line 69 15 You may include a drive designation in the file name if you wish but if you do so it must match the source drive entered on Line 6 9 9 After you have entered the file name you will page 6 8 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 BFBACKUP RS Hard Disk Addendum be asked if you want each diskette verified after it is written Verification will cause the backup to take about twice the time of a nonverified backup but it will give you maximum assurance that the file was backed up accurately In the example verification is requested Pickles amp Trout Big F
78. ere backed up with the BFBACKUP program It is not a general purpose file transfer utility Using BFRESTOR Interactive Mode At any time while BFRESTOR is running you may press the lt break gt key to return to the operating system After you press lt break gt BFRESTOR will ask you if you really wanted to quit If you respond affirmatively you will be returned to the command level of the system If you respond negatively you will be returned to the point at which you pressed lt break Similarly you may press the lt FD key to start over at the beginning of BFRESTOR After you press lt FD BFRESTOR will ask you if you really want to start over If you respond affirmatively BFRESTOR will start over just as if you had re executed it If you respond negatively BFRESTOR will return you to the point at which you pressed lt FD Any time BFRESTOR asks a question requiring a yes no answer it will accept Y ny T t and 1 as affirmative responses N n F f and 0 will be accepted as negative responses All other responses are not valid The CP M command line shown in Figure 6 21 will execute BFRESTOR in the prompted mode A gt BFRESTOR lt enter gt Figure 6 21 Command Line to Execute BFRESTOR in Prompted Mode When BFRESTOR is executed in the prompted mode it enters into the dialog shown in Figure 6 22 On Line 6 22 7 BFRESTOR requests the logical drive on which the diskettes containing the file to be restor
79. eren APPENDIX A INDEX P amp T CP M 2 INTRODUCTION page 11 RS Hard Disk Addendum 11 Introduction The Radio Shack Hard Disk version of P amp T CP M 2 fully supports the use of the Radio Shack 87 and 12 Mbyte hard disk systems for mass storage on the TRS 80 Models II 12 and 16 Microcomputers Up to 4 hard disk drives may be connected to a computer giving a total of 348 or 48 Mbytes of on line storage P amp T CP M 2 allows you complete flexibility in assigning the hard disk storage so that you may tailor the system to your needs You may assign multiple logical drives to each physical hard disk drive with the limitation that each logical drive may be no larger than 8192 Kbytes 8 388 608 bytes which is the maximum logical drive size supported by CP M 2 This supplement to the the P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual is designed to provide you with the additional information necessary to use P amp T CP M 2 with a Radio Shack Hard Disk system The hard disk version of P amp T CP M 2 is completely compatible with the floppy disk version Most programs will not need any changes at all in order to run with the hard disk system If you desire assistance from Pickles amp Trout it is absolutely necessary that your copy of P amp T CP M 2 be registered To register your copy you must fill out and return the registration cards you received with the original diskette If you did not receive the cards please call Pickles amp Trout at once for instruc
80. es in the operating system In the hard disk versions of P amp T CP M the logical to physical drive assignments are under your control Each physical diskette drive on the system ean be associated with only one logical drive except for systems with only 1 diskette drive but a hard disk drive can be and usually is associated with more than one logical drive When you define a logical drive on a hard disk you must also provide information which describes various attributes of the logical drive Some of these attributes are the location of the logical drive on the physical drive when a physical drive is divided among two or more logical drives there must be no overlap of the space assigned to the various logical drives the number of directory entries the logical drive is to have and others Each disk drive is divided into tracks each storing 8704 bytes 8 5 Kbytes A 12 Mbyte drive has 1380 tracks while an 8 7 Mbyte drive has 1024 tracks There can be up to 4 physical drives connected to the system The first hard disk drive the primary unit is physical hard disk 0 The first secondary unit is physical hard disk 1 and so forth CP M reads and writes information to disks in 128 byte packets called logical sectors sometimes called CP M sectors It is impractical to keep track of disk storage on the basis of logical sectors so CP M groups a number of logical sectors together to form an allocation block The number of logical sectors in an
81. f f F or lt FI causes HDCONFIG to define a previously undefined drive as a diskette drive Pressing one of h H or lt F2 causes HDCONFIG to define a previously undefined drive as a hard disk drive E e or lt down arrow gt indicates to HDCONFIG that you want to edit the parameters for the current logical drive or will tell HDCONFIG that you want to delete the definition of the current logical drive m or M indicates that you want to move the parameters for the current logical drive to another logical drive If you press either of these keys HDCONFIG will ask you to which logical drive you want to move the current logical drive definition You should enter a logical drive letter that does not have a definition yet After entering the letter HDCONFIG will move the current definition to that logical drive and will delete the definition from the current drive P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 19 RS Hard Disk Addendum Using HDCONFIG s or S indicates that you want to swap exchange the parameters for the current logical drive with those for another logical drive If you press either of these keys HDCONFIG will ask you with which logical drive you want to swap the current logical drive definition You should enter a logical drive letter that already has a definition After entering the letter HDCONFIG will exchange the current definition with that logical drive The M and S commands are useful when y
82. few if any bad blocks This message indicates that something is very wrong with the drive you are checking because more than 50 bad blocks were found You may be able to remove some of the bad blocks by reformatting the drive Disk error while marking bad blocks could not complete If a disk error occurs while HDCHECK is marking the bad blocks this error message is given If the error was due to a nonrepeating problem you may be able to successfully mark the bad blocks by running HDCHECK on the drive again One or more of the bad blocks are in the directory Bad blocks in the directory cannot be accommodated You might try reformatting this logical drive save any files on it first or reconfigure the system so that this logical drive starts in a different place on the hard disk This message is given if bad blocks are found in the directory area of a logical drive If reformatting the logical drive does not remove the bad blocks you must reconfigure the system so that the the logical drive starts in a different place on the hard disk the directory is at the beginning of the logical drive Once you have found a location on the disk where there are no bad blocks in the directory HDCHECK can be used on the drive Drive x is write protected cannot mark bad blocks Unprotect if you want the blocks marked Marking the bad blocks requires writing to the drive If the write protect switch on the hard disk is on it is not possible to mark
83. fllename ext V lt enter gt Figure 6 19 Executing BFBACKUP in the Command Line Mode If BFBACKUP detects an error on the command line it will check for the existence of an executing submit file If it detects one it will display the message shown in Figure 6 20 Since a command line error results in BFBACKUP not running you may want to abort the execution of the submit file If you respond affirmatively to the query in Figure 6 20 the submit file will continue If you respond negatively the P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 11 RS Hard Disk Addendum BFBACKUP submit file will be aborted and you will be returned to the command level of the system Command line error with SUBMIT file in progresse Do you want to continue with the SUBMIT file Y N Figure 6 20 8FBACKUP Command Line Error During a Submit File The following examples show command lines that could be used with BFBACKUP BFBACKUP A D DATA DBF Backs up the file DATA DBF from logical drive A to diskettes on logical drive D No verification is performed BFBACKUP B F HUGE FIL V Backs up the file HUGE FIL from logical drive B to diskettes on logical drive D The data written to each diskette is verified Possible Error Messages Non modular system not compatible with this program This program has been designed to work with the modular version of P amp T CP M 2 It will not work with previous versions Destination drive is a hard disk You cannot use a hard d
84. floppy disk Indicates that the diskette you mounted when prompted for the master system diskette does not have the necessary system information recorded on it Make sure you have mounted the correct diskette Error while writing the Cold Boot Loader to the hard disk Indicates that a disk error occurred while HLOADER was trying to write the system loader to the hard disk It may be caused by having the disk write protected Error while reading system from the floppy disk Indicates that a disk error occurred while HLOADER was reading the system information from the system diskette This may indicate a problem with the diskette or the floppy drive Try another floppy drive if one is available on your system i Unable to create system file on the hard disk Indicates that an error occurred when HLOADER was trying to create the new system file on the hard disk drive It may be caused by a full directory on the drive Try erasing an un needed file to make more room P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 47 RS Hard Disk Addendum HLOADER Error while writing system file on the hard disk Indicates that an error occurred while HLOADER was writing information to the new system file on the hard disk This is typically caused by the disk becoming full Try erasing an un needed file to make room Unable to close system file on the hard disk Indicates that an error occurred while HLOADER was closing the new system file on the hard disk It is very
85. for a drive whose access mode you want to change or 0 if you want to return to the operating system P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 63 RS Hard Disk Addendum ACCESS P amp T CP M 2 Hard Disk System Drive Access Manager ver 1 xx Copyright 1982 by Pickles amp Trout ee read write read write read write f loppy f loppy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Enter logical drive letter A P to change 0 to quit Figure 6 2 Console Display of ACCESS in Prompted Mode Figure 6 3 shows the console dialog for changing logical drive A to read only mode Enter logical drive letter A P to change 0 to quit A lt enter gt Enter type of access NONE RO RW RO lt enter gt Figure 6 3 Changing Drive A to read only Access Figure 6 4 shows the console display after logical drive A has been changed to read only and logical drive C has been changed to no access P amp T CP M 2 Hard Disk System Drive Access Manager ver 1 x Copyright 1982 by Pickles amp Trout read only read write no access f loppy f loppy Se 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Enter logical drive letter A P to change 0 to quit Figure 6 4 Console Display After Changing Access Mode of Drives A and C page 6 4 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 ACCESS RS Hard Disk Addendum Using ACCESS Command Line Mode ACCESS also has a command line mode that allows you to change the access mode of several drives with one command line This mo
86. for the system The next page shows a hard disk configuration worksheet that can help in setting up the hard disk configuration Extra copi s of this worksheet are provided with the system documentation and you may make more if necessary These worksheets are provided as a tool to help you organize your thinking about how to configure the disk system An experienced user may not need to use them but it is a good idea to use them the first time or two you configure a system P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 7 RS Hard Disk Addendum Getting Ready The following pages show hard disk configuration worksheets for typical disk configurations Disk table modules for these configurations and others are included in the module library Refer to Appendix A for a description of the disk table modules If one of them suits your needs you need merely select it using MODSEL for inclusion in the system If one of them is close to what you want you can edit it with HDCONFIG Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Worksheet hard begin end dir logical or physical at at of of check drive f lopp drive f track track tracks Kbytes size Y N Notes Each track stores 8 5 Kbytes Track 0 of physical hard disk drive 0 is reserved for system usage in the Radio Shack Hard Disk version 8 7 Mb drive has 1024 tracks 12 Mb drive has 1380 tracks initial access Y N initial access r w r o Apeey BUN unpu ppy ASI PABH SU
87. g at the directory of the diskette erasing all files on the diskette and continuing or trying another diskette On Line 6 18 12 the option to erase all files on the diskette and continue is selected A listing of the directory will have the same form shown in Figure 6 8 gt gt gt gt Disk on drive D is not completely erased OPTIONS D Look at Destination disk directory K Erase Destination disk and proceed T Try another disk on Destination drive 1 2 3 4 53 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Enter your choice here K lt enter gt Figure 6 18 Console Display if the Diskette is not Empty Using BFBACKUP Command Line Mode The form of the command for the command line mode of BFBACKUP is shown in Figure 6 19 The s would be replaced by the logical drive letter of the source drive The d would be replaced by the logical drive letter of the destination drive The logical drive letters may be followed by a colon but it is not required filename ext would be replaced by the complete file name of the file to be backed up Note that this file name may include a drive designation but it must agree with the source drive given previously in the command line The V is optional and if present causes a verification of the output file to be done If no V is present no verification is done When BFBACKUP is executed in the command line mode it begins execution at the point represented by Figure 6 10 A gt BFBACKUP s d
88. ges RS Hard Disk Addendum You indicated that there were only N floppy drives on the system HDCONFIG assumes that all physical diskette drives on the system will have consecutive physical drive numbers starting with 0 At the beginning of HDCONFIG you indicated that there were N physical diskette drives on the system This message indicates that you entered a physical drive number greater than N 1 for a diskette drive You have indicated that there are only N hard disk drives on the system HDCONFIG assumes that all physical hard disk drives on the system will have consecutive physical drive numbers starting with 0 At the beginning of HDCONFIG you indicated that there were N physical hard disk drives on the system This message indicates that you entered a physical drive number greater than N 1 for a hard disk drive You have specified that there are no hard drives on the system This message is given if you attempt to define a logical drive on a hard disk when you originally indicated that there were no hard disk drives on the system Drive A must be accessible Logical drive A must be accessible at all times it may be read only if you wish This messages indicates a drive A is defined on a hard disk and that you tried to make it initially inaccessible This would result in an inoperative system hence HDCONFIG does not allow you to make the definition These specifications exceed the number of tracks on this drive Indicates that the
89. he error message shown in Figure 5 2 Hard disk write prot error code HPO1 Figure 5 2 Error Message for Hardware Write Protect If a logical drive is set for read only access any attempt to write to that drive will result in the error message shown in Figure 53 The most typical result of either write protect error message is that any program that is running will be aborted and the user will be returned to the system command level Hard disk write prot error code HPOO Figure 5 3 Error Message for Software Write Protect P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 61 RS Hard Disk Addendum Introduction 6 1 Introduction This section describes the additional utility programs listed below that are supplied with the Radio Shack Hard Disk version of P amp T CP M 2 These programs provide additional functions needed to use the hard disk version of P amp T CP M 2 page program name urpose 6 2 ACCESS To allow the user to change the type of access permitted to logical drives on a hard disk from the system console 6 6 BFBACKUP To back up a file which is larger than the capacity of a single diskette to multiple diskettes 6 14 BFRESTOR To restore a file that was backed up by BFBACKUP 6 24 BKMOUNT Provides a means of changing diskettes when used with the FILEBACK utility program This program is not normally used by itself 6 25 CLEARDIR To wipe clean the directory area of a logical drive on a hard disk 6 27 FILEBACK To gene
90. he question in Figure 7 3 indicating that you want to read parameters from an existing module HDCONFIG would display the table of contents of the module library as shown in Figure 7 8 The names of all the disk table modules will be shown in reverse video At the bottom of the display you will be asked to enter the name of the module from which you want to read the parameters P amp T CP M 2 Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Program Ver 3xxx Library Table of Contents Disk Tabte Modules are shown reverse AUTOKEY KEYXLATE SCRNDUMP ADM3 4FLOPPY 3FLOPPY 2FLOPPY IFLOPPY TYPENAME COREINIT SIO PPMIN PPNORS PPSTDR PPSTD MI 2CRT1 STDOCRT1 M12WB1 STDWB 1 STDCORE1 RSHD1 RSHWB1 HDT8 1 HDT8 2 HDT8 3 HDT12 1 HDT12 2 HDT12 3 HDT12 4 HDT12 5 MYHD Enter name of disk table module to read To view text portion of modules press lt enter gt without typing a name Figure 7 8 Table of Contents Display When Reading a Disk Table Module If you enter a module name HDCONFIG will read the information from it and proceed Each disk table module has a text description associated with it to help you remember how it is configured When HDCONFIG asks for the module to read you may just press lt enter gt to read the text description of a module In this case HDCONFIG will ask which module s description you want to read as shown in Figure 79 Read text from which module HDT12 3 lt enter gt Figure 7 9 Entering Name of Module From Which to Read
91. ical drive contain an integral number of allocation blocks A small amount of disk storage may be wasted if an integral number of allocation blocks do not fit exactly into the specified number of tracks Recall that a track stores 8 5 Kbytes The amount of waste will depend on the allocation block size The amount of memory used Line 7 19 20 has been increased to include the space taken up by the allocation vector P amp T CP M 2 Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Program Ver 3 xxx Number of logical drives defined hard 0 floppy 3 working on drive ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOP Total space used 479 bytes ff fehnn wenn nnn n Hard Disk Drive Parameters WODAIAUPWN ee os oo oo oo oe oo oo so oo Drive is initially accessible Y N Drive is initialiy read write Y N Allocation block size in Kbytes 2 4 8 16 Physical drive number Maximum number of tracks on drive O is xxxx Beginning track number Number of tracks Disk size in Kbytes is 4336 Number of directory entries multiple of 256 Check for changed disks Y N Memory used 107 bytes Figure 7 19 Display After Entering Number of Tracks Figure 7 20 shows the display after the user has specified the number of directory entries and whether or not to check for changed disks After all of the hard disk parameters have been entered HDCONFIG asks for confirmation that they are OK Line 7 20 21 An affirmative answer results in the parameters being accepted and
92. ical drive to which access was attempted You may use the ERROR program to get an explanation of the error code if you wish The most typical result of this error is that any running program will abort and the user will be returned to the system command level Hard disk lock out error code HLxx Figure 5 2 Error Message for Drive Access Violation NOTE Logical drive A must be accessible when the system is cold booted If logical drive A is not made accessible the system will not run because the first thing it does after a cold boot is to try to log onto logical drive A Logical drive A may be made initially read only however page 5 2 LIMITING DRIVE ACCESS P amp T CP M 2 RS Hard Disk Addendum Access to a logical drive on a hard disk can also be limited to reading only This feature of the system can be used to write protect individual logical drives on a hard disk without write protecting the entire drive This feature can be i particularly useful while doing program development The logical drives that should not be written to by the program can be set to read only status so that any attempt by the program to write to the drive will be trapped and an error message given The error mess ge indicating that a drive is write protected can be caused by two conditions If an entire disk drive is write protected by means of the write protect switch on its front panel any attempt to write to a logical drive on that disk will result in t
93. igure 6 31 Console Display After Deleting Files to Make Room On Line 631 23 the user selects the E option to leave the directory display and return to the display of Figure 6 26 At this time you may decide that you want to restore the file under another name To do this the C option in Figure 6 26 is selected After selecting this option BFRESTOR will prompt you for a new output file name as shown in Figure 6 32 You may change the output file name as many times as you like before beginning the restore operation Disk on drive D is the first backup disk for the file BIGFILE EXT Enter new output file name below or just press lt ENTER gt to leave as ise Current output flle name C BIGFILEEXT New output file name BIGFILENEW lt enter gt Figure 6 32 Changing the Output File Name When the R operation is selected on Line 6 26 20 the restore operation is started While the restoration is taking place BFRESTOR presents a console display as shown in Figure 6 33 On Line 6 33 5 a running tally of the amount of data that has been transferred is displayed Restoring file C BIGFILE NEW Reading backup disk 1 119 K Figure 6 35 Restoring from the First Diskette If you have requested a verification BFRESTOR will make a second pass through the data that was transferred from this source diskette to check that it was copied accurately While this verification is taking place the display will look like Figure 6 34 up to Line 6
94. ilable in HFORMAT are displayed as shown in Figure 6 56 Radio Shack Hard Disk Format Program ver 1 xx Copyright 1982 by Pickles amp Trout functions return to CP M Format by logical drive Format by tracks Write bootstrap to drive 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 _ oe SOUP WD ee ve oo oe oo oo oo enter function to perform Figure 6656 Main Menu of HFORMAT In addition to using option 0 to return to the operating system you may press the lt break gt key at any time HFORMAT is waiting for input from the keyboard If you press lt break gt HFORMAT will prompt you with the question shown in Figure 6 57 If you respond affirmatively HFORMAT will return you to the command level of the system If you respond negatively HFORMAT will return you to the point at which you pressed lt break gt Any time HFORMAT asks a question requiring a yes no answer it will accept the characters Y y T t and 1 as affirmative responses and the characters N n F f and 0 as negative responses Do you really want to quit Y N Figure 6 57 Prompt Displayed if You Press lt break gt If you select option 1 to format by logical drives you will be presented with the first 9 lines of Figure 6 58 On line 6 58 9 you should enter the letter of the logical drive you wish to format In the figure logical drive A is specified If the logical drive is assigned to a hard disk HFORMAT will show yo
95. ile Backup Utility ver 1 xxx Hit lt BREAK gt to quit lt F1 gt to restart Enter Source drive e e e ee eo eo see AP C t 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Enter floppy disk Destination drive A P D name of file to back up CTRL D to view Source directory BIGFILE EXT lt enter gt Do you want each disk to be verified after having been written Y N Y lt enter gt Figure 6 9 Entering the Name of the File to Backup Once you have finished the initial dialog BFBACKUP will prompt you to mount an empty diskette on the destination drive as shown in Figure 6 10 Insert a fresh disk in drive D and press lt ENTER gt lt enter gt Figure 6 10 Prompt for Mounting a New Diskette Once you have mounted an empty diskette and pressed lt enter gt BFBACKUP will begin the backup operation as shown in Figure 6 11 It first shows you how many diskettes you will need for the entire backup Line 6 11 1 and then starts writing to the diskette On Line 6 11 6 BFBACKUP keeps a running tally of how much of the file has been backed up Note You will need 3 floppy disks to back up C BIGFILE EXT Writing backup disk 1 105 K Figure 6 11 Writing to the First Diskette After the first disk is entirely written it will be read back and verified if you requested verification The display during the verification pass is shown in Figure 6 12 BFBACKUP keeps a running tally of how much of the file has been verified on Line 6 12
96. ine shown in Figure 6 62 P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 45 RS Hard Disk Addendum i HLOADER A gt HLOADER lt enter gt Figure 6 62 Command Line to Execute Hard Disk Installation After HLOADER is executed it will aaa the console display and begin the dialog shown in Figure 6 63 Radio Shack Hard Disk Loader Installation Utility Ver 1 xx Copyright C 1983 Pickles amp Trout All Rights Reserved From which hard disk drive do you want the system to load A P A lt enter gt From which floppy drive do you want to read the system A P D lt enter gt 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ts 8 9 Mount the system master diskette on drive D and press lt enter gt when ready lt enter gt Reading system from the floppy disk gt e Writing system file to the hard disk Installing Co d Boot Loader on the hard disk Cold Boot Loader now installed on the hard disk A gt Figure 6 63 Console Dialog While Running HLOADER On Lines 6 638 5 and 6 636 HLOADER asks for the drive from which you have decided to have the system load the load drive Enter the letter of the logical drive you have chosen In this example drive A is specified HLOADER needs to read the system from your master working system diskette in order to install the full loader on the hard disk On Lines 6 63 8 and 6 63 9 it asks you for the drive from which it can read the system In this example drive D is specified On Line 663 11 HLOADER
97. ion Program Ver 3 xxx Number of logical drives defined hard 0 floppy 3 working on drive ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOP Total space used 479 bytes ff fh Hard Disk Drive Parameters Drive is initially accessible Y N Drive is Initially read write Y N 11 Altocation block size in Kbytes 2 4 8 16 12 Physical drive number og lt lt Maximum number of tracks on drive 0 is xxxx 15 Beginning track number 0 16 Number of tracks 0 17 Disk size in Kbytes is 0 18 Number of directory entries multiple of 256 1 19 Check for changed disks Y N N 20 Memory used 39 bytes Figure 7 18 Display After Setting Access Flags and Allocation Block Size Figure 7 19 shows the display after the user has specified the drive and range of tracks on that drive Line 7 19 14 reminds you of the total number of tracks available on the drive so that you can make appropriate choices for the beginning track and number of tracks After the range of tracks is specified the storage capacity of the drive is calculated and displayed on Line 7 19 17 This number page 7 22 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM P amp T CP M 2 Using HDCONFIG RS Hard Disk Addendum includes any space that will be used by the directory hence the usable storage on the drive will be a little less Note that for the same number of tracks the amount of storage may vary a little for different allocation block sizes This is due to the requirement that a log
98. isk drive as a destination for the backup Specify a floppy drive XXXxxxxx eee has nothing in it The file you specified xxxxxxxx eee will be replaced by the file name to be copied has no data stored in it hence it is not appropriate to use BFBACKUP on it Open Error on Source drive Indicates that an error occurred while attempting to open a file on the source drive BFBACKUP is restarted after an error of this type Open Error on Destination drive Indicates that an error occurred while attempting to open a file on the destination drive BFBACKUP is restarted after an error of this type Close Error on Source drive Indicates that an error occurred while attempting to close a file on the source drive BFBACKUP is restarted after an error of this type Close Error on Destination drive Indicates that an error occurred while attempting to close a file on the destination drive BFBACKUP is restarted after an error of this type Read Error on Source drive Indicates that a disk error occurred while reading from the source drive BFBACKUP is restarted after an error of this type Read Error on Destination drive Indicates that a disk error occurred while reading from the destination drive BFBACKUP is restarted after an error of this type page 6 12 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 BFBACKUP RS Hard Disk Addendum Write Error on Source drive Indicates that a disk error occurred while writing to the source drive BFBACKUP is restarted aft
99. ive 0 and 1 respectively HDT12 1 Contains a disk parameter table for use with a single 12 Mbyte hard disk and a single floppy drive Logical drives C and D are defined on the hard disk each using about half the disk 5 8 Mbytes with 256 directory entries and 8 Kbyte allocation blocks Logical drives A and B are defined on the single floppy drive thus the system will perform disk swapping see Section 3 3 of the P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual HDT12 2 Exactly the same as HDT12 1 except that logical drives A and B are assigned to the hard disk while C and D are defined on the single floppy Since it is usually best to have logical drive A on the hard disk you would probably want to choose this module over HDT12 1 HDT12 3 Contains a disk parameter table for use with a single 12 Mbyte hard disk with two floppy drives Logical drives A and B are defined on the hard disk each using about half the disk 5 8 Mbytes with 256 directory entries and 8 Kbyte allocation blocks Logical drives C and D are defined to be physical floppy drives 0 and 1 respectively HDT12 4 Not used HDT12 5 Contains a disk parameter table for use with a single 12 Mbyte hard disk system with two floppy drives Logical drive A is defined on the hard disk and is about 2 Mbytes in size with 384 directory entries and 4 Kbyte allocation blocks Logical drives B and C divide the remaining hard disk space each is about 4 8 Mbytes in size with 256 directory entries an
100. l drive for both the source and destination drives on the command line gt gt gt gt Error Destination drive is a hard disk On the command line you specified a hard disk drive as the destination for the backup This is not allowed specify a floppy drive page 6 14 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 BFRESTOR i RS Hard Disk Addendum 6 4 Utility name BFRESTOR Purpose To restore large files that were previously backed up by BFBACKUP General Description The BFRESTOR utility program restores a file backed up by BFBACKUP It reads the parts of the file from the diskettes on which it was saved and reassembles a copy of the original file Checks are made to insure that the parts are reassembled in the proper order You are allowed to change the name under which the restored file will be stored BFRESTOR will optionally perform a read back verification of the data after it is written to the destination drive to insure data integrity BFRESTOR has two modes of operation interactive and command line In the interactive mode BFRESTOR will enter into a dialog with the user to get information such as which drives to use for the restore operation whether verification is to be done ete In the command line mode this information is specified on the command line that executes BFRESTOR This allows you to set up SUBMIT files that automatically initiate the restoration operation Note the BFRESTOR program is only useful for restoring files which w
101. le of contents display the disk table modules are shown in reverse video While Defining Logical Drives All physical floppy drives are assigned This message is displayed if you attempt to assign a logical drive to a diskette drive after all of the physical diskette drives have been assigned to logical drives This logical drive is not defined as a physical floppy drive This message is displayed if you attempt to define a logical drive on a diskette drive when it was already defined on a hard drive If you want to change a logical drive from a hard to a diskette drive you must first delete its definition as a hard drive and then redefine it as a diskette drive Alternately you can use the S command to swap the floppy definition with a hard disk definition for another logical drive You may specify only physical drive 0 on a single floppy system If you indicated that you you have only a single diskette disk drive you may only specify physical floppy 0 for a logical drive defined as a floppy Physical drive N is already defined as logical drive X Indicates that you have tried to redefine a physical diskette drive on a system that has multiple physical diskette drives N will be replaced by the physical drive number specified and X will be replaced by the logical drive letter to which it is already defined You may change a definition using the Move and Swap commands page 7 30 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM P amp T CP M 2 Possible Error Messa
102. les amp Trout newsletter will not be eligible for updates to the system and will not be able to receive assistance from Pickles amp Trout ESS his diskette is serial by the registered i e software on it may i P didtrisuted resold or transferred with PO Bor eee Come 2 0 1978 Digital Research inc S sur the written consent of Pickles amp Trout Soleta CA 93116 Al Rights Reserved DISCLAIMER The publisher has made a reasonable effort to insure that the computer programs described herein are correct and operate properly and that the information presented in this publication is accurate however they are sold and licensed without warranties either expressed or implied including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantibility and fitness for a particular purpose The publisher is not liable for consequential damages resulting from the use of this product either individually or in concert with other computer programs Further the publisher reserves the right to revise this publication and the programs described herein and to make changes from time to time in the contents thereof without obligation of the publisher to notify any person or organization of such revision or changes TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION Introduction 2 5 i655 Ss ie eae sg never never ewe OR 2 NOTATION Conventions of Notation 0 ccc cece ccc ce cee cee et teen tecneves 3 GETTING STARTED Getting Started es
103. letter of the source drive Similarly the d would be replaced by the logical drive letter of the destination drive filename ext is optional and if present will be used as the name for the output file If it is not present the file will be restored under the same name it had when it was backed up The V is also optional If it is present a verification pass will be done otherwise no verification pass will be performed A gt BFRESTOR s d filename ext V lt enter gt Figure 6 36 Command Line to Execute BFRESTOR In Command Line Mode When the command line mode of BFRESTOR is used the program begins at the point represented by Figure 6 23 When the restoration is completed BFRESTOR will return immediately to the operating system if it was executed in the command line mode l The following examples show command lines that could be used with BFRESTOR BFRESTOR D C Restores a file previously backed up by BFBACKUP from diskettes to be mounted on drive D to drive C The restored file will have the same name it had when it was backed up No verification is done P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 21 RS Hard Disk Addendum BFRESTOR BFRESTOR E A DATABASE BIG V Restores a file previously backed up by BFBACKUP from diskettes to be mounted on drive E to drive A The restored file will be named DATABASE BIG regardless of the name it originally had Read back verification is performed on the restored file Possible Error Mess
104. lity program prompts the user to mount a new diskette on a given drive It then waits until the user presses the lt enter gt key After the user presses lt enter gt BKMOUNT performs a disk system reset CP M BDOS function 13 and returns to the operating system via a warm boot BKMOUNT is designed to be executed from a SUBMIT file when it is necessary to have the user mount a new diskette While this program is intended for use with the FILEBACK utility it may also be of some use in making up your own SUBMIT files Using BKMOUNT The BKMOUNT program is executed with a command line of the form shown in Figure 6 37 The z in the command line should be replaced by the drive on which the new diskette is to be mounted A gt BKMOUNT z lt enter gt Figure 6637 Command Line to Execute BKMOUNT When BKMOUNT is executed it will display the prompt shown in Figure 6 38 on the console The z in the prompt will be replaced by the drive letter specified on the command line that executed BKMOUNT After displaying the prompt line BKMOUNT will wait for the lt enter gt key to be pressed When lt enter gt is pressed BKMOUNT will reset the disk system with BDOS function 13 and return to the system via a warm boot This will cause any SUBMIT file which is in progress to resume Mount an empty diskette on drive z and press lt enter gt when ready to continue Figure 6 38 Prompt Given by BKMOUNT Possible Error Messages None P amp T CP
105. nses All other responses are not valid Figure 6 6 shows the command line that will execute BFBACKUP in the prompted mode A gt BFBACKUP lt enter gt Figure 6 6 Command Line to Execute BFBACKUP in Prompted Mode P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 7 RS Hard Disk Addendum i BFBACKUP The initial console dialog is shown in Figure 6 7 BFBACKUP first asks you for the drive from which a file is to be transferred Line 6 7 9 In this example logical drive C is specified You are then asked for the destination drive Line 6 7 11 In this example logical drive D is specified On Line 6 7 15 you are asked to specify the file to be backed up At this point you may press lt ctl D gt as shown to display the directory of the source drive Pickles amp Trout Big File Backup Utility ver 1 xxx Hit lt BREAK gt to quit lt F1 gt to restart Enter Source drive e e e e e o A P C lt enter gt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Enter floppy disk Destination drive A P D lt enter gt name of file to back up CTRL D to view Source directory lt ctl D gt Figure 6 7 Initial Console Dialog of BFBACKUP in Prompted Mode If you request the directory of the source drive be displayed it will be displayed in the form shown in Figure 68 The directory listing will include all system or hidden files These are files that have the SYS attribute set and hence are not normally displayed in a directory listing If th
106. nstruct one completely from scratch The HDCONFIG utility program allows you to alter and create disk table modules It will ask a number of questions about the drive configuration and will then create a module in the library which describes that configuration A word of caution is in order It is a good idea to carefully consider the disk drive configuration in advance of doing a lot of work with the system The way in which the hard disk drives are configured is of particular importance It is desirable to settle on a configuration for the hard disks on the system fairly quickly and then stick to it Problems can arise when changing the hard disk configuration because when the configuration is changed the new system may not be able to access data on the hard disk written by the old system If it is necessary to change the configuration of the hard disks you must copy all files you want to save off of the hard disk onto diskettes before changing the configuration see the descriptions of the FILEBACK BFBACKUP and BFRESTOR utility programs in Chapter 6 After you have reconfigured the system you can copy the files back onto the hard disk Note that if all you do is change the logical drive letter assigned to a drive definition and do not change any of the parameters of the definition you will not need to go through the trouble of copying files to diskettes It is always a good idea to make backups before changing anything to do with the sys
107. o the menu of options If you respond negatively BFRESTOR will take no action and return to the menu of options In Figure 6 30 the user elects to erase the file Directory including hidden files sv e o o C SETCCB COM FILEN DAT FILEZ DAT C C BIGFILE EXT End of directory listings Total size of Source file 1456 K Space on Destination disk C O K lt NOT ENOUGH SPACE C BIGFILESEXT is set to Read Only statuse Do you wish to delete it Y N Y lt enter gt Figure 6 30 Display if You Try to Delete a Read Only File As files are deleted the display of available space on the destination disk is changed to reflect the space freed by the deletion You may delete as many files as you wish to make enough space available to receive the file being restored Note that after a file is deleted you are returned to the beginning of the directory Figure 631 shows the last directory display after just enough files have been deleted to make room for the file being restored P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 19 RS Hard Disk Addendum BFRESTOR Directory including hidden files e o C SETCCB COM FILE DAT FILE2 DAT C p C 2 End of directory listing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total size of Source file 1456 Space on Destination disk C 1456 K OPTIONS B Go to beginning of directory xX Delete a file E Exit directory listing Enter your choice here E lt enter gt F
108. od by ACCESS Use only the responses listed You may not make the current drive inaccessible ACCESS will return to the command mode of the system with the current drive unchanged If drive B was the current drive when you executed ACCESS it will still be the current drive when ACCESS is finished Sinee the system must always have access to the current drive ACCESS does not allow you to set the current drive to no access You may however set the current drive to read only access page 6 6 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 BFBACKUP RS Hard Disk Addendum 6 3 Utility name BFBACKUP Purpose To back up a file that is larger than the capacity of a diskette to multiple diskettes General Description Normal file transfer programs like PIP and FASTCOPY will work only when there is sufficient space on the destination drive for the entire file being transferred BFBACKUP provides a means of backing up a large file to multiple diskettes Sequence information is transferred along with the file to insure that the file is properly restored by BFRESTOR BFBACKUP will optionally perform a read back verification of the data after it is written to the diskette to insure data integrity BFBACKUP has two modes of operation In the interactive mode BFBACKUP prompts for all information regarding source and destination drives and file names In the command line mode the source and destination drives the file name and whether or not to verify the out
109. of HDCONFIG as a warning that if you continue you must replace one of the existing modules It is very unlikely that you will ever run into this problem since the module library can hold up to 79 modules P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 29 RS Hard Disk Addendum Possible Error Messages Disk read write error N This message indicates that some error occurred while HDCONFIG was reading or writing to the module library file The N will be replaced by a number that indicates what might have caused the error as follows 1 4 6 May indicate that there is something wrong with the module library file Something may have been damaged Try using a copy from a backup disk 3 May indicate a hardware problem or that the disk has been changed 5 The directory on the disk is full and another entry is needed You should abort HDCONFIG delete any unnecessary files from the disk and then run HDCONFIG again XXXXXXXX has no text This message is displayed if you try to read the text description from a module that has none XXXXXXxx not in library enter another name You have entered the module name xxxxxxxx for some operation and HDCONFIG could not find it in the library Check the table of contents to be sure you entered the name correctly XXXXXxxx is not a disk table module enter another name When HDCONFIG asked for a disk table module name for some operation you entered the name of a module that is not such a module Check the tab
110. or will then move to the first of these parameters and wait for your input If you want to keep the default value press lt enter gt or lt down arrow gt If you want to change the value enter the new value and press lt enter gt If you are on the first parameter and press lt up arrow gt the cursor will return to the status area and the drive definition will be deleted Note that this action is taken only the first time a drive is defined If the drive had already been defined hence you are editing its parameters using lt up arrow gt when you are at the first parameter will not delete the drive definition but will merely return the cursor to the status area If there are several parameters the lt up arrow gt and lt down arrow gt can be used to move up and down the list to make changes To change a parameter simply move the cursor to the parameter and type in the new value Other numbers on the screen may change if they depend on the parameter you changed page 7 20 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM P amp T CP M 2 Using HDCONFIG RS Hard Disk Addendum For a diskette drive the total space used on Line 7 144 will be updated immediately after the drive is defined For a hard disk drive the number will be changed only after all of the drive parameters have been entered and accepted If you edit a hard disk drive s parameters the space it requires is subtracted from the total space figure when you begin editing After you have finished editing the
111. otstrap page 6 42 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 HFORMAT RS Hard Disk Addendum Possible Error Messages Cannot restore physical hard disk drive 0 returning to system The first thing HFORMAT tries to do when it begins execution it to restore physical hard disk drive 0 This message is issued if the restore operation fails for some reason Sinee this indicates some sort of hardware problem HFORMAT returns immediately to the command level of the system This error is typically caused by running HFORMAT when the hard disk drive is turned off or not installed Not a valid response please re enter This message indicates that the response you gave is not one of the valid responses for the question asked For example this message will be given if you enter a 4 for the main menu selection Drive n is write protected cannot format This message is displayed when the write protect switch of the physical hard disk drive on which the format operation is to take place is on If you want to format on that drive you must turn off the write protect switch and re enter the information defining where to format That drive is not on line and ready cannot format If HFORMAT finds that the physical hard disk specified is not ready when it begins the format operation this message is displayed Typically this message results from the drive being turned off or from specifying a non existent physical drive Hard disk drive indicates a write fault The
112. ou want to change the logical drive assignments without changing any configuration parameters x or X indicates that you have finished entering the definitions lt break gt indicates that you wish to abort the program and return to the operating system The various command keys are summarized in Figure 7 15 white cursor is in status area character function lt left arrow gt move to previous logical drive lt right arrow gt lt enter gt move to next logical drive Net Mt delete the definition of the current logical drive u f lt P I gt define the current logical drive as a floppy drive Hn nh lt F2 gt define the current logical drive as a hard disk drive En e lt down arrow gt edit the definition of the current logical drive m M move the current drive definition to another logical drive tg ngh swap the current drive definition with one for another logical drive mn tye quit entering drive definitions and create new module while entering or editing parameters character function lt enter gt Accept new value and or move to next parameter if cursor is at last parameter it returns to the status area lt up arrow gt Move cursor up to previous parameter If cursor is at first parameter it returns to the status area Figure 7 15 Summary of Command Characters Accepted by HDCONFIG When a logical drive is first defined HDCONFIG will display a set of default parameters for that drive The console curs
113. ound on the disk the entire block to which it belongs is treated as if it were bad HDCHECK actually works in terms of these blocks and many of its messages are given in terms of blocks rather than sectors Bad blocks are removed from the pool of available blocks by creating special directory entries which make it appear that the bad blocks are already used by a file These directory entries are not normally visible in directory listings nor are they accessible to normal system utilities These directory entries can be erased by the CLEARDIR and HFORMAT utility programs If you use CLEARDIR or HFORMAT on a logical drive that contains bad sectors you should use HDCHECK on that drive before using the drive for anything If you use HDCONFIG to reconfigure a logical drive on the hard disk you should run HDCHECK on that drive since the block assignments may have been changed by the reconfiguration The test made by HDCHECK does not affect any data stored on logical drive being tested You can run it any time you wish to check that everything is OK on a given drive If it finds bad blocks that are already in use by a file HDCHECK will lock them out from subsequent usage The blocks will still be accessible as part of the file until the file is deleted or in some cases modified After the file is deleted the bad block eannot be reused This allows you to attempt to recover as much information as possible from a file that includes a bad block If files
114. ow many SUB files have already been created This error is typically caused by insufficient space on logical drive A or its directory for another file Out of memory too many files FILEBACK begins by reading the names of all the files that match the specification given on the command line into memory It then begins to create the SUB files to perform the backup operation If you have a very large number usually more than 1000 of files on the source drive FILEBACK may run out of memory before it has read all of the file names If you should get this error you should backup only a portion of the files on the disk at one time by specifying wild card file names on the command line of FILEBACK No files found This message indicates that no files were found on the source drive that match the file specification given on the FILEBACK command line page 6 32 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 HDCHECK RS Hard Disk Addendum 6 8 Utility name HDCHECK Purpose To test the section of a hard disk drive assigned to a logical drive for bad sectors If any are found they are locked out from usage General Description HDCHECK performs a media check on the section of a hard disk which is assigned to a logical drive If bad sectors are found they are removed from the pool of available space so that they will not be used in normal operation Sectors on the disk are grouped together into allocation blocks for use by the operating system If a bad sector is f
115. prompts you to mount your master diskette on the drive you specified and press lt enter gt After you do this the rest is automatic The various messages shown on Lines 6 63 13 to 663 19 are displayed as HLOADER installs the full loader on the hard disk Note that HLOADER creates an additional system file named BIOSCP M PNT on the hard disk This file is flagged as a system file and will therefore NOT appear in a normal directory display You should never erase or alter this file doing so will cause load errors when the system is reset Please note that once you have used HLOADER to install the full system loader on the hard disk you need never use it again You may modify your system configuration merely by using the various system utility programs such as MODSEL MENU etc Possible Error Messages Press lt enter gt to try again Although this is not really an error message it is sometimes displayed after an error message After you press lt enter gt you will be reprompted for the information that resulted in the error This action gives you a chance to read the error message before being asked for the information again page 6 46 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 HLOADER i RS Hard Disk Addendum Non modular system not compatible with this program HLOADER may be used only with the Radio Shack hard disk modular version of P amp T CP M 2 ie starting with revision m You are attempting to use it with a previous version of the
116. put files are specified on the command line that executes BFBACKUP The command line option allows you to set up SUBMIT files that automatically initiate the backup of a certain file BFBACKUP is intended only for backing up large files It should not be used if the entire file will fit on a single diskette The parts of the backed up file that are stored on the diskettes will typically not be of use individually It is necessary to use BFRESTOR to recreate a copy of the original file before it can be used Using BFBACKUP Interactive Mode At any time while BFBACKUP is running you may press the lt break gt key to return to the operating system After you press lt break gt BFBACKUP will ask you if you really wanted to quit If you respond affirmatively you will be returned to the command level of the system If you respond negatively you will be returned to the point at which you pressed lt break gt Similarly you may press the lt F1 gt key to start over at the beginning of BFBACKUP After you press lt FD BFBACKUP will ask you if you really want to start over If you respond affirmatively BFBACKUP will start over just as if you had re executed it If you respond negatively BFBACKUP will return you to the point at which you pressed lt FD Any time BFBACKUP asks a question requiring a yes no answer it will accept Y nyt T t and 1 as affirmative responses N n F f and 0 will be accepted as negative respo
117. r further information P amp T utility program to check the portion of a hard disk which is assigned to a logical drive for flawed sectors If any flawed sectors are found they are blocked from usage This program does not affect the information stored on the logical drive so it may be run periodically to insure the integrity of the drive See Section 68 of this addendum for further information P amp T utility program to configure the disk storage on the system This program allows you complete freedom in assigning logical drives on the system so that you can tailor the system to your needs See Chapter 6 9 of this addendum for further information P amp T utility program to format a hard disk drive This program allows you to format some or all of a hard disk drive The portion to be formatted may be specified either as a range of tracks or by giving the letter of a logical drive assigned to a hard disk In the latter case all of the tracks assigned to the logical drive will be formatted In addition to formatting this program also allows you to install a bootstrap program on the hard disk 0 the primary unit This program automatically loads the system from a working system diskette when power is applied you will no longer need to hold the lt break gt and lt repeat gt keys while booting See Section 6 10 of this addendum for further information P amp T CP M 2 NOTATION page 2 1 RS Hard Disk Addendum Conventions of Notation 2 1
118. r at the current cursor position After the deletion any remaining characters to the right are moved to close up the resulting space Pressing lt backspace gt will delete the character to the left of the cursor position and close up the space as for lt etl T gt and lt ctl K The lt ctl Y gt key will delete any characters from the cursor position up to but not including the next space The cursor position is not changed The character under the cursor is deleted and is not checked when looking for a space to terminate the P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 27 RS Hard Disk Addendum Using HDCONFIG deletion This means that if you want to delete an entire word you should position the cursor the space before the word and then press lt etl Y gt If you want to delete only the ending of a word the ing on starting for example you should position the cursor to the i and press lt ctl Y The lt etl U gt or lt ctl J gt key will all characters delete from the cursor position to the end of the line The cursor position is not changed The lt etl V gt key will cause HDCONFIG to toggle back and forth between NORMAL and INSERT mode This means that if you are in NORMAL mode and press lt ctl VW HDCONFIG will switch to INSERT mode and vice versa Line 7 24 3 will be changed as you press lt ctl V gt to remind you of which mode you are in and the function of the lt tab gt key l The lt ctl R gt key allows you to read
119. rate SUBMIT files that will backup all files from a given logical drive to multiple diskettes Note that all files must be smaller than the total capacity of an empty diskette 6 32 HDCHECK To check the section of a hard disk assigned to a logical drive for flawed sectors If any flawed sectors are found they are locked out from subsequent usage 6 37 HDCONFIG To configure the disk storage allocation of the hard disk system 6 38 HFORMAT To format some or all of a hard disk Also can write a bootstrap to hard disk 0 the primary drive so that P amp T CP M 2 will boot up immediately without holding lt break gt and lt repeat gt page 6 2 o UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 ACCESS l RS Hard Disk Addendum 6 2 Utility name ACCESS Purpose To allow the user to change the access mode of a logical drive defined on a hard disk from the console General Description The ACCESS utility program allows the user to change the access mode of logical drives assigned to a hard disk from the console ACCESS has two modes of operation the interactive mode and the command line mode In the interactive mode ACCESS displays the current access mode of each logical drive defined for the system and allows you to make changes at will The logical drives that are assigned to diskette drives are also displayed even though there is no access control for them In the command line mode all information about changing the access mode of various drives is
120. rd disk that can be given by the Radio Shack Hard Disk version of P amp T CP M 2 Hard disk lock out error code HLxx This message is displayed when an attempt is made to access a logical drive on the hard disk to which access is currently not available xx is a hexadecimal representation of the logical drive number 00 A 0F P to which access was attempted See Chapters 5 and 7 and Section 6 2 for information about limiting access to logical drives on the hard disk Hard disk write prot error code HPxx This message is displayed when one of two conditions occurs If an attempt is made to write to a logical drive on the hard disk which has been set for read only access this message is displayed with xx replaced by 00 See Chapters 5 and 7 and Section 6 2 for information about limiting access to logical drives on the hard disk If an attempt is made to write to a logical disk which is assigned to a hard disk whose hardware write protect switch is on this message is given with the xx replaced by 01 Hard disk not ready error code HNxx This message is displayed when a read or write access is made to a hard disk drive that is not on line and ready This is typically caused by the drive being turned off or trying to access a non existant drive You can use the ERROR program to get a further explanation of the error code Hard disk error code xxxx This is the form of the message given for a general hard disk error The
121. s message for the name of an existing module that may be deleted to make room for the new one XXXXXXxx not in library enter another name This message occurs if in response to the previous message you directed HDCONFIG to replace a module that does not appear in the library xxxxxxxx will be replaced with the module name that you specified to be replaced Cannot replace a module that is not a disk table You have directed HDCONFIG to replace a module that is not a disk table with P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 33 RS Hard Disk Addendum Possible Error Messages the disk table module you are creating This is not allowed specify a disk table module names shown in reverse video or use a new name Cannot replace a permanent module use another name You have given HDCONFIG the name of a permanent module to be replaced by the disk table module you are creating Permanent modules cannot be replaced or deleted from the library You should try another module or use a new name Error while closing BIOSMODS PNT This message indicates that an error occurred while HDCONFIG was trying to close library file This may occur if a disk is changed while HDCONFIG is running i page 7 34 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM P amp T CP M 2 Possible Error Messages RS Hard Disk Addendum NOTES P amp T CP M 2 ERROR MESSAGES page 8 1 RS Hard Disk Addendum 8 1 System Error Messages This section describes the error messages associated with the ha
122. splayed if you attempt to define a logical drive on a hard disk drive when it was already defined as a floppy drive If you want to change a logical drive from a diskette to a hard drive you must first delete its definition as a diskette drive and then redefine it as a hard drive Alternately you can use the S command to swap the hard disk definition with a floppy definition for another logical drive P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 31 RS Hard Disk Addendum Possible Error Messages This logical drive is not defined cannot edit Indicates that you have attempted to edit the drive parameters of a logical drive that has not yet been defined You have not defined a logical drive for physical floppy drive 0 Physical diskette drive 0 must be defined as a logical drive Other physical diskette drives need not be defined as logical drives This message is given if you attempt to have HDCONFIG install the new module in the library before defining a logical drive for physical diskette drive 0 You must define N logical drives on the floppy drive If you have a single floppy system and indicated that you want to define more than one logical drive to the floppy HDCONFIG will issue this message if you fail to define enough logical drives to the floppy After pressing lt enter gt you may define additional logical drives Logical drive A is not defined This message indicates that you have failed to define logical drive A Logical dri
123. st be resident on logical drive A in order to run the backup process with the standard CCP Figure 6 42b shows the programs required to run the backup process if you are using the P amp T ACP Only the copy of PIP that was supplied with the system should be used in the backup process It has been patched to provide a means for SUBMIT ed files to exit PIP and return to the operating system If unpatched copy of PIP is used the backup process will not work properly XSUB SUBMIT PNTSUB BKMOUNT PIP BKMOUNT PIP Figure 642a Standard CCP Figure 642b P amp T ACP Figure 6 42 Files Required to Run the SUB Files Created by FILEBACK The files transferred to the diskettes during the backup process will be saved as normal disk files They may be accessed just like any other disk files The files may be restored to a disk drive using standard file transfer utility programs like PIP and FASTCOPY P amp T CP M 2 i UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 29 RS Hard Disk Addendum FILEBACK Using FILEBACK All instructions are given to FILEBACK on the command line that executes it If no instructions are included on the command line FILEBACK displays a brief summary of the information that should appear on the command line as shown in Figure 6 43 A gt F I LEBACK lt enter gt Fileback version 1 xx Copyright 1982 83 Pickles amp Trout The command line to execute FILEBACK is as follows FILEBACK d fitename typ y zz a amp A needed if using
124. system This is not a Radio Shack Hard Disk system HLOADER may be used only with the Radio Shack hard disk modular version of P amp T CP M 2 ie starting with revision m You are attempting to use it with a non hard disk version of the system BIOSPARM PNT and or BIOSMODS PNT not present on load drive Indicates that you have not transferred one or both of these system files to the load drive before running HLOADER HLOADER returns immediately to the system command level so that you can transfer these files before continuing Please respond with A P only Indicates that you did not enter one of the acceptable responses to the request for a logical drive letter That drive is not on the system Displayed if you specify a drive that is not defined for the system That drive is not assigned to physical hard disk 0 l Indicates that the logical drive you specified for the load drive is not on the first hard disk drive Cheek your system configuration and choose a drive which is on the first hard disk drive That drive is not a hard disk drive Displayed if you specify a floppy drive for the load drive Check your system configuration and choose a drive which is on the first hard disk drive That drive is not a floppy disk drive Displayed if you specify a hard disk drive from which to read the system information This information must be read from the master diskette hence you must specify a floppy drive Bad or missing system on the
125. t among the acceptable responses for the question asked The acceptable responses are usually indicated in the question VERIFY ERROR This message is displayed if an error is discovered while doing the verification pass After a verify error occurs you are given the option of retrying the restore operation starting with the current diskette in the backup series or aborting the restoration Disk on Source drive is an incomplete backup disk An incomplete backup diskette can be caused by aborting the backup operation as the diskette was being generated BFRESTOR detects this condition and displays this message It typically means that you mounted the wrong diskette and should try another one BFRESTOR will prompt you again for the diskette it wants Disk on Source drive is not a backup disk for filename ext Once you have started a restore operation this message will be displayed if you mount a diskette which was not generated by BFBACKUP or is part of a backup series for another file filename ext will be replaced with the name of the file being restored You have probably gotten your diskettes mixed up BFRESTOR will prompt you again for the diskette it wants Disk on Source drive is a backup disk from another series This message indicates that the diskette you have mounted is from another series of diskettes generated by BFBACKUP while backing up the same file This typically indicates that you have gotten your diskettes mixed up BF
126. t feature in order to account for changed disks If a program frequently resets the disk system a large directory may degrade the program s performance Another instance when the time to scan the directory becomes a noticeable factor is when using SUBMIT files Typically a SUBMIT file is used to execute several programs in succession Since programs used with SUBMIT must terminate with a warm boot the entire directory of one or more logical drives is scanned repeatedly in the course of running a SUBMIT file It is important to allot enough directory entries to a drive that future usage will not force the system to be re configured but specifying too large a directory can have performance penalties Usually 256 directory entries are sufficient for a hard disk drive In some cases where a large number of small files are being kept on the disk 512 entries may be appropriate It is only in rare circumstances that more than 512 directory entries will be needed on any one logical drive Another factor that can affect system performance is the definition of logical drives When the Radio Shack Hard Disk version of P amp T CP M 2 performs a warm boot typically at the end of a program it logs on logical drive A and then logs on the current default drive if it is different from A Usually less time is required to log on a hard disk drive than a diskette drive even though there are considerably more directory entries on a logical drive on the hard disk S
127. t set the number of floppy drives on a hard disk system The number of drives is determined by the drive parameter table module that is selected for inclusion in the system see Chapter 3 You may create your own drive parameter table modules using the HDCONFIG program as described in Chapter 7 page 4 2 DIFFERENCES FROM THE FLOPPY VERSION P amp T CP M 2 RS Hard Disk Addendum NOTES P amp T CP M 2 LIMITING DRIVE ACCESS page 5 1 RS Hard Disk Addendum i 5 1 Limiting Drive Access The Radio Shack Hard Disk version of P amp T CP M 2 includes a method of limiting access to the logical drives that are assigned to the hard disk There are two forms of access limitation available access to the drive can be completely denied or access can be limited to reading only The type of access to a drive may be modified by a program using Special System Functions 27 and 28 see Chapter 16 of the P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual In addition the system configuration program HDCONFIG allows you to specify the type of access to be permitted to each logical drive when the system is cold booted See Chapter 7 of this addendum for details of configuring the system with the HDCONFIG utility program The utility program ACCESS provides a way to change the type of access to a logical drive on a hard disk interactively from the system console See Section 6 2 of this addendum for information on using ACCESS The ability to completely deny access to a logical driv
128. t you have just added another In this case you will probably want to keep the same configuration on the old drive and merely add some new logical drives on the new one The easiest way to do this is as follows First read the disk table module containing the configuration for your single hard drive system When HDCONFIG asks you if the physical drive summary is correct Figure 711 respond negatively Select option 2 to change the number of drives in Figure 7 12 You may now tell HDCONFIG that you have two hard disk drives instead of one HDCONFIG will remember all the configuration information it read from the old module so that you won t need to re enter it and will allow you to define new logical drives on the new hard disk You can of course use the same procedure when adding floppy drives to the system P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 17 RS Hard Disk Addendum Using HDCONFIG le Read another module 2 Change number of drives Enter number of your selection lt enter gt Figure 7 12 Options if Physical Drive Summary Is Not Correct If the system has a single floppy drive the summary of the physical drives will appear as shown in Figure 7 13 If you are entering a completely new configuration or are changing the number of drives in an old configuration HDCONFIG will ask you as shown how many logical drives you want assigned to the single floppy drive If you respond with 2 3 or 4 a system using this configur
129. tem configuration just in case something goes wrong As an example say that you started with a configuration that has logical drives A and B on floppy drives and logical drives C and D on a hard disk Later you might decide that you want logical drives A and B on the hard disk and C and D on floppy drives To do this you would use HDCONFIG to read the old module from the module library and then swap using the S command the definitions of drives A and B with those for drives C and D You would then have HDCONFIG create a page 7 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM P amp T CP M 2 Introduction RS Hard Disk Addendum new module with the altered assignments and would use MODSEL to include the new module in the system when it is loaded Since all you did was change the logical drive assignments rather than the definitions of the drives you will still be able to access files that were stored on the hard disk with the original configuration 7 2 Terms and Concepts In order specify the attributes of each logical drive defined on a hard disk it is necessary to have an understanding of several terms and concepts related to hard disk drives and to the way in which CP M operates on disk drives This section discusses the information necessary to make decisions regarding the disk configuration CP M works with logical disk drives which are given single letter names ranging from A to P These logical drives are associated with a physical drive by the I O routin
130. tes a new disk table module accordingly As much as is possible it shows you the consequences of your choices as you make them and allows you to make changes as necessary You do not need to configure your system to use the hard disk before running HDCONFIG This allows you to set the disk configuration before actually beginning to use the hard disk IMPORTANT NOTE HDCONFIG merely adds to or modified the disk table modules in the module library In order for the configuration in a new disk table module to take effect you must use MODSEL to select the new module for inclusion in the system The configuration in the new module will take effect the first time the system is loaded RESET after the new module is selected for inclusion Although HDCONFIG is really quite easy to use its interactive nature makes it difficult to document in a written form If you are confused by the following deseriptions run the program while you read You can try the various options and see the results Running HDCONFIG will have no affect on your system and you can abort the program at any time After practicing with HDCONFIG you may not want to create a new module just press lt break gt when HDCONFIG asks if you are ready to install the new module in the library Even if you do create a module you don t want no harm is done since the configuration contained in the module does not take effect until you use the MODSEL utility program to include the new module in the
131. that there is usually more information stored on the hard disk than will fit on a single diskette Using PIP with wildeards or FASTCOPY will result in the backup stopping with an error message after the destination diskette fills up FILEBACK generates SUB files to use PIP to backup all of the files stored under the current user number from one logical drive to multiple diskettes It orders the files to be transferred in such a way as to fill each diskette as completely as possible before moving on to another diskette Since there is a limit to the size of a SUB file FILEBACK will generate a series of SUB files if necessary and cause them to chain from one to another The very last action of the last SUB file is to erase all of the SUB files that were used in the backup operation FILEBACK will always create the SUB files on logical drive A and will give them names of the form shown in Figure 6 40 BKUP xe SUB x is replaced by letters A B C oso Figure 6 40 Form of SUB File Names Created by FILEBACK FILEBACK includes a special option if you are using the P amp T Advanced Command Processor P amp T ACP on your system If this option is used the contents of the SUB file created by FILEBACK are modified to be consistent with the slightly different form of command lines recognized by the P amp T ACP Figure 64la shows the form of a SUB file normally created by FILEBACK Figure 6 41b shows the form of a SUB file created by FILEBACK when
132. the A option is used page 6 28 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 FILEBACK RS Hard Disk Addendum XSUB XSUB BKMOUNT D BKMOUNT D PIP PIP D C FILE tMovr lt D C FILEellovr C FILESZlovr lt D C FILEeZlovr C FILE 26f ovr lt D C FILE 26 fovr C FILE 99 ovr lt D C FILE 99lovr lt e KMOUNT D BKMOUNT D PIP PIP C SETUP COMI ovr lt D C SETUP COMI ovr C FORMAT COMI ovr lt D C FORMAT COMI ovr D D D B D D D C SDTEST COMI ovr I C SDTEST COMI ovr D C DDCHECK COMI ovr C DDCHECK COMI ovr D C TRSZCPM COMI ovr C TRSZ2CPM COM ovr lt ERA A BKUP SUB ERA A BKUP SUB N Figure 6e4la Standard CCP Figure 6 41b P amp T ACP Figure 6 41 Examples of the Contents of SUB Files Created by FILEBACK FILEBACK can only backup files whose size is less than or equal to the capacity of a diskette You can instruct FILEBACK to consider the destination diskettes to be either single or double sided the diskettes are always considered to be double density For single sided destination diskettes the maximum size file that can be backed up is 596 Kbytes while for double sided destination diskettes the maximum size file is 1210 Kbytes Any file larger than these limits is reported on the console with a message indicating that BFBACKUP should be used to back it up The SUB files generated by FILEBACK make use of several system utility programs Figure 6 42a lists the programs that mu
133. the cursor returning to the status area A negative response results in the cursor being returned to the disk checking parameter on Line 7 20 19 so that the parameters may be modified P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 23 RS Hard Disk Addendum Using HDCONFIG P amp T CP M 2 Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Program Ver 3xxx Number of logical drives defined hard 0 floppy 3 working on drive ABCDEFGH JKLMNOP Total space used 479 bytes ff fh Hard Disk Drive Parameters Drive is initially accessible Y N Y Drive is initially read write Y N N Allocation block size in Kbytes 2 4 8 16 8 0 OoOWDOAIAUAWN Physical drive number Maximum number of tracks on drive 0 is xxxx Beginning track number 1 Number of tracks 511 17 Disk size in Kbytes is 4336 18 Number of directory entries multiple of 256 256 19 Check for changed disks Y N N 20 Memory used 107 bytes 21 OK Y N Y lt enter gt 22 23 24 Figure 7 20 Display with all Parameters Entered Figure 7 21 shows the console display after the all of the parameters have been entered for a second hard disk drive Note that the amount of space used for the disk parameters for this drive is less than for drive E because this drive is defined to have 16 Kbyte allocation blocks P amp T CP M 2 Radio Shack Hard Disk System Configuration Program Ver 3 xxx Number of logical drives defined hard 1 floppy 3 working on drive ABCDEFGH
134. the procedure for generating a working system diskette is exactly the same as for a floppy only system See the P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual for details page 3 2 GETTING STARTED P amp T CP M 2 RS Hard Disk Addendum NOTES P amp T CP M 2 DIFFERENCES FROM THE FLOPPY VERSION page 41 RS Hard Disk Addendum 4 1 Differences From the Floppy Version The Radio Shack Hard Disk version of P amp T CP M 2 is very similar to the standard floppy version Virtually all programs that run with the floppy version will also run with the Radio Shack Hard Disk version There are a few minor differences which are described below L 5 With the Radio Shack Hard Disk system it is not necessary to have a system diskette mounted on physical diskette drive 0 to perform a warm boot as is the case for a Model I or 16 In fact a warm boot does not require any diskette to be mounted The working system diskette is needed only for the cold boot process power on boot or RESET Because of this you may switch diskettes even of differing densities on physical diskette drive 0 any time you are at the command level of P amp T CP M 2 All you need to do is press the lt break gt key after you change diskettes The Radio Shack Hard Disk system allows you complete freedom in assigning logical drives For example you may have logical drives A B and C assigned to the hard disk and logical drives D and E assigned to diskette drives This may lead to confusion in som
135. ticular drive configuration Note that the system LST device must be ready to accept characters when you press lt ctl P gt If it is not the system will hang up until the LST device is ready The last 3 lines of the console display are used by HDCONFIG for displaying instructions and error messages The figures in this section do not show any of these error messages since they disappear when corrective action is taken HDCONFIG has essentially three parts In the first part you will be asked to supply information about the physical disk drives on your system You are also able to read parameters from an existing disk table module in order to edit them In P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 13 RS Hard Disk Addendum Using HDCONFIG the second part you enter or modify the information that defines each of the logical drives you want on the system The third part installs the new disk table module in the module library so that it may be used by the system Part 1 Entering Physical Drive Information The command line shown in Figure 7 1 will execute the HDCONFIG program Note that HDCONFIG consists of a main program and 2 overlay files HDCONFIG 001 and HDCONFIG 002 All three files must be present on the current drive when HDCONFIG is executed An error will result if this is not the case A gt HDCONF IG lt enter gt Figure 7 1 Command Line to Execute HDCONFIG The first thing HDCONFIG does is to clear the console display and
136. tions on how to register your copy Please have your system serial number available when you contact Pickles amp Trout regarding your copy of P amp T CP M 2 YOU WILL BE ASKED FOR IT The serial number appears on the label of the master diskette on the front of this manual and is displayed on the console every time the system is reset Please realize that we must limit assistance with P amp T CP M 2 to matters concerning the operating system and its supporting utility programs We would like to help everyone with their programming problems but it is impossible to do so We will try to help you as much as we can but please do not expect us to give you i step by step instructions on how to customize a specific software package In such a case all we can do is give you some general direction and refer you to the appropriate parts of this addendum 1 2 Files on the Diskette You should find the following files on your master diskette in addition to the files described in the P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual If you are upgrading from another version of P amp T CP M 2 you should find these files and others for actually installing the upgrade on the diskette you received ACCESS COM P amp T utility program to allow you to alter the access mode of logical drives assigned to a hard disk from the console See Section 6 2 of this addendum for further information page 12 INTRODUCTION P amp T CP M 2 Files on the Diskette RS Hard Disk Addendum
137. to 1024 cylinders The 12 Mbyte drive has 230 cylinders and the 87 Mbyte drive has 256 P amp T CP M 2 UTILITY PROGRAMS page 6 41 RS Hard Disk Addendum HFORMAT cylinders If you just press lt enter gt in response to this question HFORMAT assumes 230 cylinders for a 12 Mbyte drive On Line 6 59 12 you are asked for the number of the first track to format The xxxx in the figure will be replaced by the actual maximum track number computed from the number of heads and cylinders you have specified for the drive If you just press lt enter gt HFORMAT will assume track 0 for the first track Note that the system bootstrap resides on track 0 of hard disk 0 If you format this track you will need to write the system bootstrap again On Line 6 59 13 you are asked for the last track to format The xxxx on this line will be replaced by the actual maximum track number computed from the number of heads and cylinders you have specified for the drive If you just press lt enter gt HFORMAT will take the maximum track number for the last track to format On Line 68 14 you are asked for the cylinder at which to begin write precompensation You may enter any number from 0 to 1023 If you merely press lt enter gt HFORMAT will set this value to one half the total number of cylinders you specified in Line 6 59 11 Note that the cylinders are numbered starting with 0 hence for a 12 Mbyte drive the cylinders are numbered 0 to 229 As a result the mi
138. to move on to the next set of directory entries Directory including hidden files e C ASM COM CRT DEF DUMP COM ODT 2 gt e e e DOCHECK COM SCOWOOYIAOUAWNH oo os ee es oo ss ooe oo More directory entries follow e e e eee er en en ot re ee en ae TE TEE er ae a ee a a ED DE 8 OD EEE EE DED EE AE RD Total size of Source file 1456 K Space on Destination disk C OK lt NOT ENOUGH SPACE OPTIONS B Go to beginning of directory D View more directory entries X Delete a file E Exit directory listing Enter your choice here D lt enter gt Figure 6 27 Displaying the Destination Directory The last set of directory entries is displayed as shown in Figure 6 28 Note that there are only 3 options available at this point since the D option to display more entries has no meaning at this point On Line 6 28 23 the user selects option X to delete a file It is not necessary that the name of the file to be deleted appear on the console at the time the X option is selected nor must you be at the end of the directory to select the X option Directory including hidden files oe o C SETCCB COM FILEN DAT FILE2 DAT DAT C e 3 e C e C i BIGFILE EXT End of directory listings OOND URUN se o ee oo so oe ao Total size of Source file 1456 K Space on Destination disk C OK lt NOT ENOUGH SPACE OPTIONS B Go to beginning of directory
139. ttom of the console and HDCHECK waits for you to press lt enter gt After pressing lt enter gt HDCHECK will prompt for another drive to check as shown in Figure 6 48 No bad blocks found press lt enter gt to continue Figure 6450 Message Given if no Bad Blocks are Found If bad blocks were found on the logical drive HDCHECK proceeds to mark them so they will not be used While it is marking them the console display will look like Lines 6 51 1 though 6 51 9 After all of the blocks have been marked HDCHECK will 1 page 6 34 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 HDCHECK RS Hard Disk Addendum display the message shown on Lines 6 51 22 through 6 51 24 and wait for you to press lt enter gt Radio Shack Hard Disk Check Program ver 1 xx Copyright 1982 by Pickles amp Trout ae se Marking Bad Blocks oe oo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 xx bad blocks found All bad blocks have been removed from usable space on the disk press lt enter gt to continue Figure 6 51 Console Display for Marking Bad Blocks After you press lt enter gt HDCHECK will check for files that are affected by the bad blocks If no files are found the message shown in Figure 6 52 will be displayed If files are affected their names will be listed in a display such as that shown in Figure 6 53 No files are affected by the bad block s Figure 6 52 Message Given if no Files are Affected by the Bad Blocks Radio Shack Har
140. turn to command mode or a disk system reset the entire directory on the disk is scanned to construct the allocation vector When a physical disk has removable media such as a diskette drive or the cartridge in some hard disk drives it is possible for you to change the media without taking the necessary steps a warm boot or disk system reset to inform the operating system of the change If this were to happen it could spell disaster because CP M will treat the new disk as if it were the previously mounted disk and possibly write to areas of the disk that are already in use CP M provides a mechanism for checking for changed disks to avoid this sort of problem When the mechanism is in effect it keeps certain information about the contents of the directory in a table in the computer s memory called a directory check vector Whenever the directory for a logical drive is accessed the information read from it is compared to what is kept in the directory check vector If a discrepancy is found CP M assumes that a disk change has taken place and immediately sets the logical drive to read only status When a logical drive has been set to read only any attempt to write to that drive results in an error message The only way to clear the read only status is by a warm boot or a disk system reset The directory checking mechanism is always used for diskette drives however it is optional for logical drives defined on hard disks since it is not needed on
141. u which region of which hard disk drive is encompassed by the drive Lines 6 58 11 and 6 58 12 HFORMAT then reminds you that all data stored on this area of the hard disk will be destroyed by the format operation Lines 6 58 14 and 6 58 15 and asks if you want to go ahead with the format operation Line 6 58 17 If you respond negatively HFORMAT returns to Figure 6 56 If you respond affirmatively HFORMAT begins formatting the indicated section of the hard disk As each track is being formatted its track number is shown on Line 6 58 19 page 6 40 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 HFORMAT i RS Hard Disk Addendum Radio Shack Hard Disk Format Program ver 1 xx Copyright 1982 by Pickles amp Trout eo oe cf o Formatting by Logica Drive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Enter logical drive to format A P A lt enter gt Logical drive A includes tracks 1 to 241 on physical drive 0 Remember that aii information in this area wil be destroyed by the format operation Do you wish to proceed Y N Y lt enter gt Formatting track 99 Figure 6 58 Formatting by Logical Drive If you select option 2 to format by tracks HFORMAT will enter into the dialog shown in Figure 659 On line 6 59 9 you are asked to enter the physical hard disk drive on which you wish to format Physical drive 0 is the primary hard disk unit physical drive 1 is the first secondary hard disk unit and so forth If you just press lt enter gt on Line 6 59 9
142. ual for instructions on creating and selecting a module Although this need not be drive A we strongly suggest that drive A be on the hard disk Since CP M frequently accesses drive A there is very little advantage to installing the full loader if logical drive A is assigned to a floppy diskette drive Second after you have used MODSEL to select the modules you wish to use and the system configuration menu to modify the operating system to meet the requirements of your hardware and software you must RESET the computer from the newly configured master working system diskette Please note that you must complete this configuration process before proceeding to the next step Third you must choose one of the logical drives on physical hard disk drive 0 to be the drive from which the system will be loaded This drive is called the load drive Any hard disk logical drive will do but logical drive A is recommended if it is on the hard disk drive When you have made your selection use PIP to transfer the two system files BIOSMODS PNT and BIOSPARM PNT from your working system diskette to this drive The PIP command line that will execute this transfer is shown in Figure 6 61 where f is replaced by the letter of the floppy disk drive and d is replaced by the letter of the load drive A gt PIP d f PNT OVR lt enter gt Figure 6 61 Command Line to Transfer System Files to the Hard Disk Using HLOADER Execute HLOADER using the command l
143. uivalent to lt left arrow gt lt right arrow gt lt up arrow gt and lt down arrow gt for moving the cursor HDCONFIG also provides functions for moving the cursor more rapidly Pressing lt enter gt will move the cursor to the beginning of the next line in the text area Pressing lt ctl Q gt will move the cursor to the upper left most home position of the text area on the screen lt ctl A gt of lt FD will move the cursor to the first character position of the line lt ctl F gt will move the cursor to the first character position past the last displayed character on the line This function is very useful for adding to the end of a line The function of the lt tab gt key differs depending on whether you are NORMAL or INSERT mode In NORMAL mode pressing the lt tab gt key performs a cursor movement function it will move the cursor to the next tab position on the line Tab positions are at every eighth column In INSERT mode the lt tab gt key will insert one or more spaces starting at the current cursor position and continuing until the cursor is positioned at the next tab stop Thus in the INSERT mode lt tab gt performs an insert function The current function of the lt tab gt key is displayed as shown on Line 7 24 3 while you are entering your description There are also several editing functions that allow you to delete one or more characters from the text Pressing lt ctl T gt or lt ctl K gt will delete the characte
144. under While Entering Physical Drive Information above XXXXXXXX is not a disk table module enter another name See explanation under While Entering Physical Drive Information above Invalid module name please re enter Indicates that the name you specified for the new module that contains invalid characters control characters and the special characters not allowed in a CP M file name You should invent another name that does not use any of these characters XXXXXXxx already exists replace it Y N Indicates that the module name you have specified for the new disk table module already exists in the module library In this case HDCONFIG wants confirmation that you really want to replace it before doing so A positive response will allow the replacement to proceed while a negative response will cause HDCONFIG to ask for another name Table of contents is full xxxxxxxx is not in table of contents Enter the name of the module to replace with xxxxxxxx This message will occur only in the rare case that the library file is full it will hold 79 modules In this case you must replace an existing module with the new module you are creating xxxxxxxx will be replaced with the name you have specified for the new module If you had specified the name of a module that already exists in the library for the new module the existing module will be replaced If no module with the name you specified appears in the library HDCONFIG will prompt with thi
145. unusual for this error to occur when it does it typically indicates a hardware problem page 6 48 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 RS Hard Disk Addendum NOTES P amp T CP M 2 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM page 7 1 RS Hard Disk Addendum Introduction 7 1 Introduction The Radio Shack Hard Disk version of P amp T CP M 2 comes pre configured for a single diskette disk drive In order to make use of the hard disk the Radio Shack hard disk driver module and a disk table module must be included in the system when it is loaded See Chapter 3 of this addendum for more instructions about doing this The hard disk driver module contains the software I O routines for actually communicating with the hard disk while the disk table module defines how the disk drives on the system are to be used For example a single physical hard disk can be divided into several logical drives the disk table module contains the information about how this is to be done Several typical disk table modules are included in the module library BIOSMODS PNT which comes with the system Descriptions of these modules are included in Appendix A You should review these modules to see if one of the configurations meets your needs If one does you need merely select it for inclusion when the system is loaded use the MODSEL utility program to do this If none of them are quite right one may be close to what you need It is usually easier to alter an existing module than it is to co
146. ursor location All characters to the right of the inserted character are moved one space to the right to make room for the new character Characters that move off the right end of the line will be lost page 7 26 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM P amp T CP M 2 Using HDCONFIG RS Hard Disk Addendum HDCONFIG Text Editor Command Summary Cursor Movement Commands Cursor Left lt cti d gt lt left arrow gt Cursor Right lt ctl s gt lt right arrow gt Cursor Up lt cti w gt lt up arrow gt Cursor Down lt cetlex gt lt down arrow gt Cursor Home lt ctl q gt Start of Line lt ctl a gt lt F1 gt End of Line lt ct f gt Start New Line lt enter gt Delete Text Commands Delete Character at Cursor lt ctl t gt or lt ctl k gt Delete Character left of Cursor lt backspace gt Delete Right to Next Space lt ctl y gt Delete Right to End of Line lt ctil u gt or lt ctl J gt Text Mode Insert Normal Toggle lt ctl v gt Read Text from Existing Module for Editing lt ctl r gt press lt enter gt to continue Figure 7 25 HOCONFIG Editor Help Display While entering the text description you can use the arrow keys on the keyboard to move the cursor around the screen If you attempt to move the cursor out of the area allotted for the text the bell if there is one will sound and the cursor will not be moved As shown in Figure 7 25 lt ctl D gt lt ctl S gt lt ctl W gt and lt ctl X gt are eq
147. ve A is required in order for CP M to function After pressing lt enter gt you may make the necessary definition WARNING you have not defined logical drives for all of the physical floppy drives is this correct Y N HDCONFIG issues this warning if you do not define logical drives for all the physical floppy drives you initially indicated are present on the system While this situation is not an error it may indicate that you have made a mistake in defining the logical drives You may not use track 0 on physical hard drive 0 This track is not available on the Radio Shack Hard Disk version of P amp T CP M 2 It is reserved for system usage The range of tracks you have specified gives a drive larger than 8192 Kbytes The maximum logical drive size that CP M 2 can accommodate is 8192 Kbytes You should reduce the number of tracks for the drive until its size is less than or equal to 8192 Kbytes Cannot move to a defined drive use swap You have tried to use the Move command to move the definition of one logical drive to another that is already defined You cannot do this You should either delete the definition of for the logical drive you are trying to move to or use the Swap command to exchange the definitions Cannot swap with an undefined drive use move You have tried to use the Swap command to move the definition of one logical drive to another that is not defined Swap can only be used when both logical drives involved are alread
148. while booting system This message is given if the floppy disk controller indicates that data was lost while the system information was being read from the working system diskette This may be due to a bad diskette but is more likely due to a hardware problem P amp T CP M 2 APPENDIX A page A l User s Manual Modules Included In addition to the modules included with the floppy disk version of P amp T CP M 2 the following modules are included in the module library that comes with the Radio Shack hard disk version You may select from among them to customize the system to your needs See Chapters 6 and 7 of the P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual for more information about selecting modules The descriptions of the hard disk parameter modules given here are brief and intended to help you decide which ones merit further investigation If you want more complete information about the disk configuration the MODSEL program will allow you to view the complete text description associated with each module RSHD1 Contains the I O routines which enable the system to access a Radio Shack hard disk You must select this module for inclusion in the system if you want to use the hard disk RSHWB1 Contains the code to perform a warm boot operation for a Radio Shack hard disk system This module requires at least 80 Kbytes of Z 80 memory It does not require that a system disk be mounted to perform a warm boot R16WB1 Contains the code for performing a warm
149. will be presented with the display shown in Figure 6 24 At this point you have the option of looking at the directory of either the source or destination disks or of trying another source diskette Viewing the directories can be useful for figuring out what diskette you actually did mount The format of the directory display is similiar to that shown in Figure 6 27 except that the file names fill the entire screen In Figure 6 24 the user elects to try another diskette After this option is selected BFRESTOR returns to the prompt of Figure 6 23 gt gt gt gt Disk on drive D is not a valid backup disk OPTIONS S View Source directory D View Destination directory T Try another disk on Source drive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Enter your choice here T lt enter gt Figure 6 24 Console Display if a Non Backup Diskette is Mounted If the diskette you mount was generated by BFBACKUP but is not the first diskette in the series for the file you will be presented with a display as shown in Figure 6 25 This display tells you the name of the file on the backup diskette and the position of this diskette in the backup series Line 6 25 1 Since there is nothing of interest in the directory of the backup diskette the only options available to you page 6 16 UTILITY PROGRAMS P amp T CP M 2 BFRESTOR RS Hard Disk Addendum at this time are to look at the directory of the destination disk or try another source
150. ws logical drive A being specified for the check Radio Shack Hard Disk Check Program ver 1 xx Copyright 1982 by Pickies amp Trout Enter logical drive A P to check or 0 to quit A lt enter gt Checking track 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 l 2 Figure 6 48 Console Display While Checking for Bad Blocks You may also abort the program and return to the system command level by pressing the lt break gt key whenever HDCHECK is requesting keyboard input If you press the lt break gt key HDCHECK verifies that you want to exit the program by asking the question shown in Figure 6 49 on the bottom line of the console display If you answer affirmatively you will be returned to the system command level If you answer negatively you will be returned to the point in the program at which you pressed lt break gt Any time HDCHECK asks a question requiring a yes no answer it will accept the characters Y y T t and 1 as affirmative responses and the characters N n F f and 0 as negative responses Do you really want to quit Y N Figure 6 49 Prompt Displayed if You Press lt break gt Assuming that a logical drive which is assigned to a hard disk is specified on Line 6 48 9 HDCHECK will proceed to check all tracks assigned to that drive It displays the number of each track as it is being checked Line 648 11 If no bad blocks are found the message shown in Figure 6 50 is displayed at the bo
151. y defined To move a definition to an undefined logical drive use the Move command Cannot move or swap an undefined drive You have tried to use the move or swap command when the cursor is positioned at a logical drive that has not yet been defined You must move the cursor to a logical drive that is defined before using either of these commands Workspace is exhausted install the partial module in the library and then re execute HDCONFIG read the parameters from the module and continue Although it is very unlikely if you make a lot of changes while entering your page 7 32 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM P amp T CP M 2 Possible Error Messages l RS Hard Disk Addendum disk configuration HDCONFIG may run out of workspace in memory Under these conditions HDCONFIG will display this message any time you attempt an operation that requires more workspace If this occurs you should install your partially completed module in the library You can then run HDCONFIG again read the parameters out of the partial module and continue to make your changes and additions While Installing Module in Library Error re opening library See explanation under While Entering Physical Drive Information above Disk read write error N See explanation under While Entering Physical Drive Information above XXXXXXXX has no text See explanation under While Entering Physical Drive Information above XXXXXXXX not in library enter another name See explanation
152. ystem performance can be improved in some cases by defining logical drive A on a hard disk It is important to keep in mind that if logical drive A is defined on a hard disk the hard disk must be on line and ready in order for the system to operate page 7 6 CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM P amp T CP M 2 Single Diskette Drive Systems RS Hard Disk Addendum 7 4 Single Diskette Drive Systems If you have a system with a single diskette drive you must decide how to handle it You can configure the system to treat the single diskette drive as a single logical drive or as 2 to 4 logical drives If you choose to have the system treat the drive as multiple logical drives it will issue messages on the system console for swapping diskettes in the drive see Section 3 3 of the P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual This technique allows you to run software that needs to access up to 4 diskette drives With the hard disk system this capability becomes somewhat less interesting because most of your work will probably be done on the hard disk Each logical drive assigned to the floppy drive will require about 150 bytes of memory In order to minimize the memory requirements of the system you should assign no more logical drives to the floppy drive than you actually need About the only time you should need multiple logical drives assigned to the floppy is when a program must be able to access two or more diskettes Remember that since you ean reconfigure the system you could

P& T CP/M® 2 USER`S MANUAL Radio Shack Hard Disk Addendum

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

P&amp; T CP/M&reg; 2 USER`S MANUAL Radio Shack Hard Disk Addendum

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

P& T CP/M® 2 USER`S MANUAL Radio Shack Hard Disk Addendum