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ABSTRACT RAMACHANDRAN, VINAY. Bryce: An

1. Heak gt OA A Bsearch GFavorites Bristory Ej m a 2 Address E http bryce csc ncsu edu xPTool default jsp z Go We 2 customize searen gt 52 sion in my Yahoo lt ANews Y Yahoo Yahoo Mail ji Finance Shopping ff Travel James Brown Edit Recorded Time Libsot z an Releases y an Iterations y D iy stut Stories e MyTasks Change My Story Status e Change My Task Status e Record Task Time e Edit Task Time P Feature Management e Add Story e Add Task e Add Acceptance Test e Change Story Status e Track Story Change e View Edit All Stories al internet Once the user has clicked on the Select button the following page is displayed It shows two task sessions the collaborators for each session and the time spent in each session If a user wishes to delete a session he she can click on the corresponding Delete button To add a new session click on My Stuff gt Record Task time menu item 112 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back gt O A A Bsearch Favorites lt Bristory 4 m a D Address E http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Y 2 Customize Search gt xe Sion in my Yahoo lt ANews gt Y Yahoo Yahoo Mail uid Finance P Shopping ff Travel James Brown Edit Task Time Lib
2. Vinay Ramachandran xPToo z an Iterations y Doferieh e Edit Task Time P Feature Management e Add Story e Add Task e Add Acceptance Test Change Story Status e Track Story Change View Edit All Stories e View Edit All Tasks e View Edit Acceptance Tests P Project information e Project Report Administration e Add Team Member E SS E E S eT Figure 3 5 8 Rework information of a project Bryce may also be used to access the effectiveness of XP Williams et al 39 suggest a metric suite for evaluating an agile methodology These metrics which will be discussed shortly obtained from an XP project have to be compared with a traditional process to evaluate the effectiveness of XP Bryce 40 can aid in collection of some of the metrics suggested in 39 These metrics are obtained from the Project Report which are can be generated by Bryce Productivity and Cycle Time The developer productivity is the amount of time required to complete a task in relation to a measure size such as lines of code or function points 39 Bryce computes the average time taken to complete a user story in every release or iteration lt also computes the effort required for completing tasks releases and projects Responsiveness to Customer Changes XP professes the ability to adapt to customer changes during product development 12 The customers may make Service Requests SRs to the development te
3. 1999 http Awww standishgroup com sample_research chaos1998 pdf Fowler M The New Methodology June 2002 http www martinfowler com articles newMethodology html Beck K Extreme Programming Explained Embrace Change Mass Addison Wesley 1999 DSDM consortium 2002 http www dsdm org Schwaber K M Beedle K Schwaber and R C Martin Agile Software Development with SCRUM N J Prentice Hall October 15 2001 Cockburn A Agile Software Development Boston Addison Wesley 2001 Highsmith J A Adaptive Software Development A Collaborative Approach to Managing Complex Systems New York Dorset House January 2000 Palmer S R and J M Felsing A Practical Guide to Feature Driven Development N J Prentice Hall PTR 2002 Marchesi M Which AM should Use in Extreme Programming Perspectives Boston MA Addison Wesley pp 17 21 2002 Wells D What is Extreme Programming 2002 http www extremeprogramming org what html 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 66 Wells D Do We Need Yet Another Methodology 2002 http www extremeprogramming org another html Williams L A The Collaborative Software Process Salt Lake City UT Phd Dissertation in University of Utah 2000 Williams L A Pair Programming Illuminated Boston MA Addison Wesley 2002 Ramachandran V and A Shukla Circle of Life Spiral of Death Are XP Teams Following the Essential Practices in Extreme Pr
4. Hence the choices were such that they ensured that the respondent to express a definite opinion either positive or negative A few questions also required the respondent to type in entire qualitative responses such as suggestions for making the tool easier to use navigate The quantitative data was analyzed statistically using metrics such as mode and the percentage of the participants choosing the mode of the answers chosen by the participants for a particular question In many cases the answers were aggregated to represent the perceptions of a greater percentage of participants For example answers like Agree and Strongly Agree were aggregated as positive opinions In some cases the final values were rounded off to the nearest integer since their decimal values were not very significant 5 3 User Feedback The students in CSC517 ECE 521 ECE 463 and CSC326 used Bryce to record and track information pertaining to their project programming assignments The project programming assignments were generally of short 58 duration typically lasting a month or less Students worked in teams comprised of two to four students Since the project programming assignments were of short duration the students generally did not perceive the value of recording project information and of using a tool to track their project Consequently only 45 felt that the tool could save time and or effort in tracking the project and only 43 felt th
5. state o Change My Task Status This sub menu item is used to change the task status of the current user as completed when the task has been completed 50 o Record Task Time This submenu item is used to record time to user tasks assigned to the current user The user specifies the amount time spent on the particular task and the collaborators involved in the task sessions o Edit Task Time This submenu item is used to edit the recorded time spent on tasks of the current user 4 4 2 Feature Management This menu item provides the user with the capability of adding modifying or viewing any story task or acceptance test in the project The tool assumes that there is trust among the project team members and hence allows all the team members to view or edit project information o Add Stories This submenu item is used to add new user stories to the project The story can be assigned to a particular release or iteration either while adding a story or sometime later using the View Edit Stories submenu item o Add Task This submenu item is used to add new user tasks The task can be assigned to a particular user story either while adding a task or sometime later using the View Edit Tasks submenu item o Add Acceptance Tests This submenu item is used to add new acceptance tests Each acceptance test is associated with a user story and the associated user story must be specified while adding acceptance tests 51 o Cha
6. All production code in an XP project is written with two programmers at one machine Collective Ownership Anyone can change any code anywhere in the system at anytime regardless of who originally created the code Continuous Integration The system is integrated and built several times each day every time a task is completed 10 Sustainable Pace XP teams do not work an excessive number of hours per week for an extended period of time 11 On site Customer An on site customer should be available full time to answer questions for the development team 12 Coding standards This practice obligates the programmers to write all code in accordance to an established coding standard The XP practices are tightly coupled XP originator Kent Beck asserts The practices support each other The weakness of one is covered by the strengths of the others 12 Therefore neglecting essential practices can have sub optimal or negative consequences to team results The practices that are actually utilized in team development can often be attributed to the perceptions of the value and difficulty of the practices by the developers on the team Through two surveys answered by 27 developers the utilization of and the sentiments towards the XP practices were assessed 23 In general all the practices were popular and well accepted with the exception of the metaphor practice 23 Eighty six percent of the survey respondents indicated that
7. and organizational learning for virtual software development teams 28 The main features of M ASE are listed below 32 e User story management M ASE can track the status of user story implementation in the iterations 22 e Iteration planning User stories and other tasks are assigned to iterations The effort available for the next iteration is determined based on work hours and the velocity of the last iteration e Progress tracking The system tracks completed user stories and task effort e Metrics collection M ASE manages task effort task estimates and estimation accuracy user stories completed velocity source code size metrics and test metrics Both Bryce and M ASE share many common features However they are also different in several aspects The following aspects are strengths of M ASE for use with XP projects e M ASE is integrated with NetMeeting This allows a programmer to see and converse with another programmer while performing a task even though they may not be collocated e M ASE shows the users who are online at the moment e M ASE can calculate source code metrics such as number of packages classes functions and inner classes using JavaNCSS 33 It can calculate test metrics like the number of JUnit assertXXX statements if the source code is Java e M ASE has a file repository for storing files corresponding to particular task 23 Correspondingly the following are strengths of Bryce for use
8. update access models will be discussed in detail in the next few sections 2 4 1 Conferencing Computer based conferencing 29 is an increasingly popular business application that enables distributed or virtual businesses to operate when the 17 decision makers are geographically separated Some of the different types of conferencing are 29 e Text Based Conferencing Text based conferencing is usually asynchronous communication when used in the business world It is based on the concept of a discussion thread where different participants discuss a particular topic A thread consists of a group of postings from different participants indented to show replies to an original comment Synchronous text based conferencing is possible using chat software like Internet relay chat e Video Conferencing In the last few years the Internet has accelerated the growth of video conferencing The advantage of video conferencing is that it reduces travel time and costs and offers an opportunity to arrange a meeting at relatively short notice 2 4 2 Whiteboarding Whiteboard software 29 is electronic meeting software In whiteboarding software a shared figure is drawn using a stylus and this annotation is replicated to all others viewing this virtual whiteboard White boarding software typically provides facilities like zooming typing text drawing lines importing images and erasing using a mouse or a pen type of pointer White boarding software i
9. 2 4 1 CONTENT A 16 2 4 2 Wh iteboarding antaras faro 17 2 4 3 WV EL dal E 18 25 GENERIC PROJECT MANAGEMENT WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT TOOLS 20 2 5 1 MIFOS ASE gt 0 i et Me et Rot att oe e e yl L S 21 3 INTRODUCTION TO BRYCE 0 0 0 ccc cee ccc ccceccccecceeceececeecueceeceeaecaecuecuesesaeeneeneaees 24 3 1 BRYGE OVERVIEW ula datada dt todo 24 3 2 LIST OF FEATURES IN BRYCE 2 ceccecceceeceececceceeceeceeceeaeeaececuesesaecueeneaeeas 25 3 3 BRYCE DOCUMENTATION 2ccsceececceccecceceecececcecaeceecueceeaececneceeaeeateneeeeans 26 3 4 PLATFORM FOR BRYCE DEVELOPMENT AND ACCESS 2sceececcececeeceeeeees 27 3 5 IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH coocnccnccnconcnnoncnnconconcnnnnnnnconconnnnnnnenneninninnnnnins 28 3 5 1 Project Management Capability oooooooocnnnnicccinonnononnnnnnnno 29 3 5 2 ROSCIFCOON AP ita A RI aseado 36 3 6 BENEFITS OF USING BRYCE 0scecceccecceceeceececcecaeceecueceeaecaecueeeeaeeateneeeeaes 41 3 7 PORTABILIDAD ARS AOS 42 3 8 SECURIT Yee dee hale hee Bae Ee oe ME ee hue 8 ete eae 43 AIBRY GCE FEATURES oeae nitide sidad ios Sod to Sd Ses Leto Ss St Sn St Mh 46 4 1 BRYCE FEATURES OVERVIEW 0 cceccecececcecceeececcecececceceaeececcueeneeeeeeneeterens 46 4 2 NEW USER REGISTRATION 2 0 eccecceececeeceececcecaeceecueceeceeaecueceeseeaecneeuseeeas 47 4 3 USING BRYGEs Sonar ONES Ea 48 4 4 DESCRIPTION OF BRYCE MENU ITEMS 2 cecceceececceccecceceeceecuccesaecueenseeees 48 4 4 1 My SUITE P
10. Change Story Status e Track Story Change e View Edit All Stories Done PT a Internet Keeping track of changes made to a story e For listing all Stories in all releases and iterations select All Releases in the release drop down menu and All Iterations from the iteration drop down menu If the stories of a particular Release or Iteration are to be viewed select the particular Release and Iteration from the drop down menu e Now click on Feature Management gt Track Story menu item The following page is displayed To view the changes made to a story AddNewBooks click on the corresponding Track Change button 123 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer The following page lists the changes that have been made to the story AddNewBooks 124 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back gt O A A Bsearch Favorites Bristory S El E D Address E http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Y 2 customize searn Messenger Uh Bookmarks My Yahoo yp Yahoo i Finance E YahoolMal lt 2News P Shopping gt gt James Brown Track Story Change Libsot z e Record Task Time e Edit Task Time Feature Management e Add Story e Add Task e Add Acceptance Test e Change Story Status e Track Story Change e View Edit All Stories e View Edit All T
11. Iterations e Add Team Member E q G lRL RLI hee Adding Release Iteration Manager Only A manager can create release and iterations by clicking on the Manager Menu gt Create Release and Add Iterations menu items respectively e Ensure that the project LibSoft is selected in the projects dropdown menu e To add a Release the manager specifies the new Release Identifier which is an alphanumeric string without spaces and special characters and a headline 93 The following screen shows how to add Release 1 0 In this tutorial the following information was entered in this page and the submit button was clicked Release ld alpha numeric only Release 1 0 Release Headline This is the first Release of the product 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help l o Heak gt O A A Asearch Favorites Hristory E m a D Address El http fbryce csc nesu edufxPTooljdefaut jsp CCCs d P customize searen gt xe Signin my Yahoo lt ANews Y Yahoo YahooiMail Finance P Shopping ffj Travel James Brown Create Release LibSoft y Release an Releases an Iterations e Change Manager e Change Password Manager Menu e Create Projects e Delete Project e Create Release e Delete Release e Add Iterations e Delete Iterations e Add Team Member E Sc The
12. OB A Bsearch Favorites Bistory Sy m El Address El http bryce cse ncsu edu xPToolidefault jsp TN eg WP customize f searen gt os my Yahoo lt P News Y Yahoo Z Yahoo Mail gt jW Finance P Shopping ff Travel James Brown Change Task Status to Completed LibSoft y an Releases y 08 30 2002 an Iterations y Suomi P my stur Stories e MyTasks Change My Story Status e Change My Task Status e Record Task Time e EditTask Time P Feature Management Add Story e Add Task e Add Acceptance Test Change Story Status e Track Story Change e View Edit All Stories Done internet 114 After setting task status to completed using My Stuff gt Change My Task Status it can be viewed by clicking Feature Management gt View Edit All Tasks Notice that the task CreateBookDatabase is now listed as completed 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edt view Favorites Tools Help Heak gt 2 A Asearch Favorites Bristory Ej m a D Address E http bryce csc ncsu edu xPTool default jsp z o Go Y 2 customize search gt sion in my Yahoo lt P News Y Yahoo X Yahoo Mail ui Finance P Shopping Travel James Brown View Edit Task E LibSot Ca P My Stuf e My Stories e MyTasks e Change My Story Status e Change My Task Status e Recor
13. bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edt view Favorites Tools Help E Bak gt gt gt A A Gsearch gravortes E Ahistory E G9m EY vw http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp My Yahoo UP Fantasy Sports yp Yahoo Yahoo Mail ai Finance lt 2News Shopping Travel James Brown View Edit Acceptance Tests P My stut e Add Acceptance Test Change Story Status e Track Story Change View Edit All Stories ViewEdit All Tasks ViewtEdil Acceptance Tests P Project information gt Manager Menu a 0 memet Recording time spent on a Task The tool captures time spent on a task via task sessions A task session is a short duration of time spent implementing the task There may be several sessions before a task can be complete There are two types of sessions e Pair programming session where two programmers collaborate and implement a task 107 e Solo programming session where a programmer works alone on the task Only the task owner can record time to tasks The tool calculates the total time spent on a task by aggregating the time spent in all of its task sessions In order to add a task session e List all tasks in all releases and iterations by selecting All Releases in the release drop down menu and All Iterations from the iteration drop down menu If the tasks of a particular Release or Iteration are to b
14. distributed XP teams 28 2 4 Collaboration and Discussion Tools Collaboration and discussion tools are software that promote and mediate discussions and enable joint working between different users 27 There are three models for collaboration over a network 27 e Email including mailing list Email exchange provides direct exchanges between the members of a collaborative group The 16 public form of email is the Internet newsgroup where postings are distributed globally to all participating newsgroup members and kept there for later access The disadvantage of postings is that they cannot be edited or easily cross linked in anyway useful to a group unless they are somehow collected with annotation in a central archive If archival access is required postings can made directly to a database similar to the other models e Shared folder File Access Shared file access in its simplest form allows members to directly access the same files in a common repository on a public server The disadvantage of this model is that the files may be in application specific formats and therefore may not be immediately browsable e Interactive content update access Interactive page access allows members of a group to collectively edit a material There are a number of solutions supporting this model some of the popular ones being conferencing whiteboard collaboration etc Wiki also belongs to this model of collaboration These interactive
15. helpful due to the size and scope of their assignments Additionally the data recorded by Bryce can be used for research on XP Currently four active research projects are using data collected using the tool 6 1 Future Research 6 1 1 Further tool Development The deployment of Bryce in IBM and Genesys marked the first industrial releases of Bryce As with any XP project the development of Bryce needs to evolve with user feedback Therefore development of Bryce is still an ongoing process While substantial amount of Bryce development has been done there are areas that need improvement and further development The users of Bryce have provided valuable suggestions for improving the tool Some of the areas for improvement suggested by the students are e Better organization of the menu items and pages for easier navigation e Reduce the number of mouse clicks for performing some operations like updating a user story user task etc e Higher color contrast between text and the background for web pages Other beneficial features for future releases of Bryce are listed below e Creation of a logging utility for logging the activities by the team members 63 Automatic project data collection similar to the Hackystat tool 44 developed at the University of Hawaii In the Hackystat tool software sensors are attached to the developer s software tools and automatically send process data to a centralized web server The web server integrates the
16. item is used for the administration of the project The submenu items are o Add Team Member This submenu item is used to add a new team member to the project In order to do so the new team member must have already registered to the tool Additionally he she must have chosen a project manager for the current project as his her manager before he she can be added as a team member to the project To add 54 the new team member the username and the password must be entered after clicking this submenu item o Delete User Registration This submenu item is used to delete a user from the tool This menu item deletes the currently logged user from the system To delete the user the user s password must be entered o Add Change Manager This submenu item is used to change the current project manager The user can choose a new manager from a list of project managers registered to the tool o Change Password This submenu item is used to change the password of the current user 4 4 5 Manager Menu This menu item is only visible to a Manager The manager to perform certain privileged tasks uses this menu item The submenu items are o Create Projects The manager uses this submenu item to add a new project o Delete Project The manager uses this menu item to delete a project from the tool The manager will be required to confirm the deletion of the project Once a project has been deleted the project related information is lost fo
17. new user tasks which belongs to a particular story in the project The user enters a unique new task identifier which is an alphanumeric string without spaces special characters in order to identify this task Add Acceptance Tests This sub menu item is used to add new acceptance tests information Each acceptance test is associated with a user story 78 Change Story Status This sub menu item is used to change the status of the story The story states can be not done done pre release change post release change refactoring and bug fix change Track Story Change This sub menu item is used to view all the changes that have been made to the story View Edit Stories The current user uses this menu item to view edit user stories and tasks He can view the tasks corresponding to a particular story by clicking on the story The Edit buttons beside the stories and tasks are used to edit the corresponding stories and tasks Once the Edit button is clicked the individual fields of the story or task can be edited Also stories and tasks can be deleted clicking the Delete button beside them View Edit Tasks The current user uses this menu item to view edit user tasks Once the Edit button is clicked the individual fields of the task can be edited Also the tasks can be deleted clicking the Delete button beside them View Edit Acceptance Tests The current user uses this me
18. pertaining to these projects this information must be collected over several releases to obtain statistically valid results However Bryce can give instructors and researchers information about the effort required to accomplish each of the modules and the whole project programming assignment and pair programming information Indeed two graduate theses will use the data obtained from Bryce during the Fall 2002 semester One of these theses will examine the potential of pair programming as a vehicle for project management the other thesis will study the distributed pair programming technique Additionally two supported researchers will be investigating the data collected at IBM and Genesys To summarize Bryce is currently being used to support four pair programming and or XP research studies Data currently being collected from industrial XP projects at IBM and Genesys will be used for XP research purposes This data can be obtained at the end of each release iteration from the project report that is generated by the tool a sample of which can be seen in Figure 3 5 5 and Figure 3 5 8 The information includes information on project progress pair programming and each of the different types of rework e bug fix refactoring pre release post release and total rework information This information can provide an insight to the effectiveness of XP and also whether the cost of change curve is somewhat flattened for XP This supports our second hypot
19. tool can be utilized to support 1 project management and 2 research 3 5 1 Project Management Capability In XP user stories replace requirements documents 26 user stories are still gathered informally on story cards Subsequently developers enter user story narratives into Bryce Developers also enter estimates for completing the user story in hours and customer priority for each user story 30 When the View Edit All Stories link under the Feature Management menu is clicked on the left frame all the user stories in the current release and iteration can be viewed Figure 3 5 1 shows a sample list of recorded user stories This list of user stories is sorted based on the customer priority Moreover the tasks associated with the user story can be viewed by clicking on the story name Similarly acceptance tests associated with the user story can also be viewed by clicking the corresponding acceptance test link 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back gt A A Qsearch Favorites Bristory Sy m Gl A Address http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Y 2 customize search 32 Sion in my Yahoo lt News wp Yahoo JYahoo Mall jl Finance gt P Shopping ffj Travel James Brown View Edit Story Alterations Z Sy Srey PY e ra Oer sarcome ARO E Ne oo a ERES e Add Task e Add Ac
20. 130 ABOUT LEARNING USAGE AND DOCUMENTATION cocooooooccccccnnncnnnnnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnns 130 OVERVIEW 8 5225 ordinaria 130 vii LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2 4 1 COMPARISON OF WIKI AND BRYCE FEATURES 20 TABLE 2 5 1 COMPARISON OF M ASE AND BRYCE FEATUREGS 23 viii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 3 5 1 VIEWING ALL THE USER STORIES IN A PROJECT 30 FIGURE 3 5 2 VIEWING ALL THE USER TASKS IN A PROJECT a 32 FIGURE 3 5 3 LISTING USER STORIES BELONGING TO THE CURRENT A A bde Udeun euerer teeuudene 33 FIGURE 3 5 4 TRACKING THE REWORK DONE TO A USER STORY 34 FIGURE 3 5 5 A SAMPLE PROJECT REPORT eerren 35 FIGURE 3 5 6 THE COST OF CHANGE CURVE FOR TRADITIONAL PROCESSES SOURCE 12 siscsiuncccscnt neiethe eee dine 37 FIGURE 3 5 7 THE COST OF CHANGE CURVE FOR XP SOURCE 12 38 FIGURE 3 5 8 REWORK INFORMATION OF A PROJECT cec 39 FIGURE 4 4 1 STORY TRAVERSING DIFFERENT STATES cee 51 1 Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the traditional methodologies for software development and the newer methodologies called agile methodologies It discusses one of the most popular agile methodologies called Extreme Programming in more detail since it is served as the primary basis for this investigation The hypothesis for this thesis is then presented The summary of the remaining chapters is presented at the end of this chapter 1 1 Traditional Methodologies Developing
21. 2 customize Search Messenger Jf Bookmarks My Yahoo ye Yahoo itd Finance JYahoo Mail lt News Shopping y gt gt UserlD Password Submit Reset Bryce Online Tutorial Bryce Manual Copyright C 2002 Department of Computer Science NC State University All Rights Reserved a 0 internet New User Registration In order to use the tool a user must be registered to the system The user can register to the system using the link in the login page 88 To register a user named David Wilson enter the email address which is also the User Id password and choose a manager Upon successful registration a mail will be sent to the manager stating that a new user David Wilson has registered to the tool with him her as the manager The manager has to add the new user to the project team in order for the new user to access project information In case the user has forgotten the password the user can click on the Forgot Password link in the login page and the password will be mailed to the user s email address The following screen shows how to register a user named David Wilson In this tutorial the following information was entered in this page and the submit button was clicked to register the user Userld david yahoo com First Name David Last Name Wilson Password Confirm Password Manager Laurie Williams 89 Ej New user registratio os
22. ABSTRACT RAMACHANDRAN VINAY Bryce An Extreme Programming XP Process Analysis and Project Management Tool Under the direction of Dr Laurie Williams Increasingly products in the software industry need to be delivered quickly to beat the competition These products often have a dynamic and vague set of requirements As a result there has recently been a rapidly rising interest in new approaches to software development These approaches are lightweight and adaptive and have been called agile process methodologies Extreme Programming XP is one such agile software process methodology XP is gaining popularity at a rapid rate despite the lack of comprehensive quantifiable studies demonstrating its effectiveness In today s fast paced business environments project managers need to obtain information track and manage projects as quickly as possible Though project management tools are commercially available none are specifically designed for XP and cannot capture the information regarding the elements specific to XP e g user story information refactoring information etc Moreover existing tools tend to be labor intensive to learn and use Additionally these existing tools are mainly geared toward traditional software processes This research involves the development and evaluation of a tool called Bryce Bryce is a project management and process analysis tool Bryce facilitates project management and communication within a team by mea
23. Email ld and the password he had specified during the registration Description of the Menu items Firstly the user has to select a project from the dropdown menu Then the following submenu items will then be available to the user e My Stuff o My Stories This sub menu item is used to view user stories assigned to the current user o My Tasks This sub menu item is used to view user tasks assigned to the current user o Change My Story Status This sub menu item is used to change the status of the story The story states can be not done done pre O 17 release change post release change refactoring and bug fix change Change My Task Status This sub menu item is used to change the status of the task to completed Record Task Time This sub menu item is used to record time to user tasks assigned to the current user The user specifies the amount time spent on the particular task and the collaborators involved in the task Edit Task Time This sub menu item is used to edit the recorded time spent on user tasks e Feature Management O O O Add Stories This sub menu item is used to add new user stories to the project The user enters a unique new story identifier which is an alphanumeric string without spaces special characters in order to identify this story This story can be added to a release or iteration during a planning game Add Task This sub menu item is used to add
24. Failure rates are down costs are down and success rates are 12 up 10 This growth of the project management field has been accompanied by the emergence of planning estimating scheduling and tracking tools designed to support the software process 10 Project management tools support the project management process by providing a vehicle for planning executing and controlling the software development For example a project management tool may aid in the creation of a project plan for delivering a certain number of features in a release assigning tasks to team members for the execution of the plan and controlling the plan execution by monitoring the progress The project management tool does not actually manage the project the project manager manages the project by utilizing the tool 10 2 2 XP Project Management Metrics are the basic tool for XP project management 12 For example the project velocity metric is the basic measure required for running the Planning Game 12 The project velocity or just velocity is a measure of how much work is being completed on a project 25 It is calculated by adding the time estimates of all the completed user stories of an iteration 25 that were actually completed in iteration For example if ten user stories with an estimated completion time of ten hours each are completed in an iteration the project velocity is 100 XP does not suggest managing projects by the numbers 12 Ins
25. Soft y P my stur Stories e MyTasks e Change My Story Status e Change My Task Status e Record Task Time e Edit Task Time gt Feature Management e Add Story e Add Task e Add Acceptance Test e Change Story Status e Track Story Change e View Edit All Stories Done li internet Changing Task status to completed Once the task is complete its status can be changed from not completed to completed In order to change a task status e List all tasks in all releases and iterations by selecting All Releases in the release drop down menu and All Iterations from the iteration drop down menu If the tasks of a particular Release or Iteration are to be viewed select the particular Release and Iteration from the drop down menu 113 e Now click on My Stuff gt Change My Task Status menu item In order to change the status of the task CreateBooksDatabase click on the corresponding select button The user can add more time to the task by clicking on the Click here if you want to add some more time to the task link Else he she can enter the task completion date and click on the Submit button To set the task CreateBooksDatabase to completed enter 08 30 2002 in the task completion date field and click on the submit button 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer Fie Edt View Favorites Tools Help Oe a Heak gt gt
26. aborators who are checked in the team member list that is displayed below Choose Total Time 109 e Enter the session date Date MM DD Y Y Y Y 08 25 2002 Check on the collaborator id with whom the user collaborated User Id David Wilson e Click on the submit button The task session for the task CreateBooksDatabase is as shown below In this tutorial the following information was entered in this page and the submit button was clicked 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View H e TR 7 j o EE Back gt gt A A Asearch Favorites Bristory S El a D address E neplforyeecscnesueduhPTooldefaubey OS A Y 2 customize q search gt Messenger 7 Bookmarks my Yahoo yp Yahoo mW Finance 5 Yahoo Mall lt ZNews P Shopping gt gt James Brown A Record Task Time linsot y Release aFcleases z 08 25 2002 an Iterations z P wy tur Stories e MyTasks Change My Story Status e Change My Task Status e Record Task Time e Edit Task Time P Feature Management gt Project Information eee Manager Menu Test Debug Done PT internet 110 After adding time to a task using My Stuff gt Record Task Time it can be viewed by clicking Feature Management gt View Edit All Tasks Notice that the Task time for CreateBookDatabase is now 20 3 http bryce csc ncsu ed
27. am to change the existing functionality because of defects or desire for enhanced functionality 39 The ability to adapt to customer change could be assessed by counting the number of SRs that deal with altering the previously released functionality 39 and computing the amount of time spent by the development team changing previously released functionality as a percentage of total development effort 39 Bryce automatically tracks the number of post release rework performed for user stories lt also computes the amount of post release rework effort and the percentage of post release rework effort to the total development effort in a release or iteration Additionally it also computes the average effort per user story required for post release The above information is also 3 6 41 available for the other types of rework such as bug fix refactoring pre release rework Benefits of using Bryce The following are the benefits of using Bryce in an XP project Bryce specifically is developed for XP Hence it can capture information regarding elements unique to XP such as user story refactoring and pair programming information It provides real time information about a project such as project velocity user stories tasks acceptance tests and pair programming information etc It is web based and hence can be accessed anywhere on the Internet or via an intranet It has a low learning curve and little training is necessary to le
28. arn the tool Ninety three percent of the students in CSC517 ECE 521 ECE 463 and CSC326 took just a few hours to learn the tool It lessens the burden or even eliminates the need of a tracker 12 Once the data is entered into the tool by each developer the tool tracks the project Since the source code is available new features can be added according to the new user requirements and the research area of interest 42 Moreover the tool is designed to be scalable because more features can be added with minimal or no changes to the existing functionalities 3 7 Portability Bryce is designed in such a way that it can be ported from one system to another in future Broadly the Bryce can be divided into following components e JSP Java files and HTML files e Database management system DBMS e JDBC Drivers to connect to the database server As mentioned before Bryce was developed on a Microsofto Windows 2000 Internet Information Services 5 0 IIS server The JSP engine used to serve the JSP pages was Resin 37 Bryce was developed using Microsoft SQL 2000 as its database server The aveConnect version 2 3 type 4 JDBC Driver was used to connect to the Microsoft SQL Server database In order for Bryce to be portable each of the above components has to be portable Java 40 files JSP 35 and HTML files 41 are platform independent and can be ported easily to another platform Hence they can be ported to another we
29. as pair programming information rework information on bug fix refactoring pre release and post release rework e Support for multiple managers Bryce allows more than one team member to perform operations that are privileged to a manager e Documentation Bryce has comprehensive documentation available for installing and using the tool A tutorial is also available for obtaining hands on experience with the tool e Open Source The source code for the Bryce tool is available for customization 3 3 Bryce Documentation Three documents have been written for installing and using Bryce These documents have been included as appendices in this thesis e Installation manual This manual explains how to install Bryce on a computer Please refer to Appendix 1 Installation Manual for more details The installation manual is based on the initial set up at North Carolina 27 State University lt was updated when the tool was installed at IBM and Genesys e User manual This manual explains how to use Bryce It contains a list of all the menu items and description of their functionality A user can access this manual from the login page of the Bryce tool Please refer to APPENDIX 2 User Manual for more details e Tutorial The tutorial guides a new user through the Bryce functionality by giving an example of a pseudo project A user can access this tutorial from the login page of Bryce Please refer to APPENDIX 3 Tutorial for more detail
30. asks e View Edit Acceptance Tests P Project Information P aaministration P Manager Menu Done PT ag Internet To delete the change click on the Delete button corresponding to the change Viewing Project Report In order to view the project report e For the aggregate project report of all releases and iterations select All Releases in the release drop down menu and All Iterations from the iteration drop down menu For a particular Release or Iteration select the particular Release and Iteration from the drop down menu e Now click on Project Information gt Project Report menu item 125 The project report of LibSoft for all releases and iterations is as shown Release EE ae E E Jan Releases El ns Tool Administration This menu item is used for the administration of the project Add Team Member This submenu item allows a normal user i e not a manager to add a new team member to the project The new team member must have registered to the system before he can be added as a team member to the project This menu item displays the current team members of the project To add a new team 126 member the username and the password must be entered The user is required to enter the following fields User ID Email id used during registration 7 Password Delete User Registration This submenu item is used to delete a user from the system All the information pertain
31. at the project report which is used for obtaining project status was useful to them However 69 of the students still agreed that accessing project information online was useful to them and 69 stated they used the tool to track their project progress at least some of the time Ninety one percent of the students encountered five bugs or less while using Bryce and 74 stated that they could access the tool most of the time We attribute the lower accessibility to the fact that the students were accessing the system on the development machine which was periodically restarted due to the interference of other applications running on the machine Moreover the students felt that the tool was easy to learn Ninety three percent of the students took just a few hours or less to learn the tool Yet only 60 said that the tutorial and manual were helpful in learning the tool This suggests that the many students learnt the tool by trial and error and not by going through the manuals Only 16 of the students stated that just a single team member entered data or monitored the project using the tool This shows that in most cases two or more students now shared the role of the XP tracker which supports our view that Bryce can reduce the burden on the tracker However only 47 of the students agreed that Bryce was easy to use 59 Hence making the tool easier is a definite area for improvement Finally a majority 67 of the students agreed that the tool
32. ate acceptance test cases for each of these user stories Enter the acceptance test case information in the tool This is done using the Add Acceptance Test menu item Play the Planning game For each of these stories estimate the time and assign priority Record this information using the View Edit User Stories menu item Each User story is divided into tasks and each task amp story is assigned a responsible owner Record all this information using the Add Task View Edit User Stories and View Edit Tasks menu items Design a simple architecture for the product XP philosophy 83 8 Implement each of these User Stories Tasks based on the priority The design and implementation for each of these tasks is done in pairs Pair programming Keeping track of time spent on each task can be done using Record Task Time menu item 9 Perform unit testing after the completion of each task and update the status of the task as completed in the tool This is done using the Change My Task Status menu item 10 Once all the tasks of the user story have been implemented run the acceptance test cases for the user story lf the acceptance test passes then change the acceptance test status to Pass and story status to Done in the tool This is done using the View Edit Acceptance Tests and Change My Story Status menu items 11 Complete all the user stories for a release and rec
33. b server using a JSP engine on a different platform Other database management systems that support Structured Query Language SQL with some advanced features like subSELECT nested SQL can replace MS SQL as the DBMS Since MySQLO 4 0 does not support the subSELECT feature 42 it cannot be used as DBMS for Bryce In addition the Bryce s databases would 43 need to be migrated to the new DBMS This can be done easily using commercial tools such as SQLPorterO However SQLPorterO does not support migration to many DBMS as yet Finally JDBC drivers are required to connect to the DBMS which preferably should be Sun certified 43 The Sun JDBC certification helps product vendors and applications developers choose the appropriate JDBC drivers for their specific needs with confidence that the driver has been certified to work with Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition J2EE compatible products 43 At IBM and Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories a different web server and JSP engine were used than the setup at North Carolina State University In these locations Apache version 1 3 was used instead of Microsoft Internet Information Services 5 0 IIS as the web server and Tomcat version 4 x was used in place of Resin as the JSP engine Since Bryce has not been used very much at these industrial locations we are not sure which configuration IIS 8 Resin or Apache amp Tomcat is better 3 8 Security Bryce has securit
34. cases are passed they integrate and release the new code to the code base and project test suite 12 The index cards upon which the stories are written have an advantage over computerized media in that they can be organized on a conference room table 27 But the disadvantage is that they can be at only one place at one time Sometimes the teams or the customer may be in different locations and 15 accessing the story or task information can only be possible with some form of electronic media XP also calls for some quantitative record keeping and computation of statistics for example estimated and remaining days of effort on tasks 27 Someone is usually delegated the role of tracker collecting the above information on a personal database for example a spreadsheet such as Excel capable of performing a wide variety of computations on a variety of data Again there are times when a physically distributed team would benefit from being able to collect measurements online To address the issue of accessing project information online RoleModel Software Inc of Fuquay Varina North Carolina used a private Wiki site discussed in Section 2 4 3 27 Another tool named MILOS ASE where MILOS stands for Minimally Invasive Long term Organizational Support 28 and ASE stands for Agile Software Engineering 28 discussed in Section 0 has been developed to provide project collaboration coordination and organizational learning for
35. cation vehicle The bulk of the design work carried out thereafter is performed in a similar manner to the waterfall model 4 In some projects the time spent on a throwaway prototype typically does not result in code that can be reused in a full scale system and hence excessive effort spent on a throwaway prototype can be wasteful 7 Another software development model called evolutionary prototyping involves the development of prototypes that are intended to evolve into the final version of the system 8 The system partially developed as a prototype is demonstrated to the customer 8 Continued development of the prototype is done based on customer feedback 8 At some point the customer agrees that the prototype is good enough 8 At this point any remaining work on the system is completed and prototype is released as the final product 8 The main drawback of this kind of prototyping is that it is not possible to know at the outset of the project how long it will take to create an acceptable product 8 Alternatively when the incremental software development model 3 is followed a system is delivered to the customer in discrete chunks This model is used as means of partitioning work so that some functionality can be delivered to the customer early 4 In spite of these software development models the success rate for software projects has been fairly poor 9 A landmark 1994 white paper The CHAOS Report 1994 9
36. ceeceececcecceceeceececcececeeceececceceeceecesaeseeseenes 95 Adding a New Story sxsdasetascesvitee a vilavssavsses Savssiv Say sony Savisavsavisiy sav seay nennen 95 Viewing and editing all SIONS RA 98 Adding anew Tasken i aur E E E hee O E a 101 vi Viewing and editing all TasSKS ooooooocccccnnncccnnoncnononononononononananonnnnnnnnn 103 Adding a new Acceptance TOS aviva datada AAA 104 Viewing and editing all Acceptance TeStS ooooooocoooconnnccccccnccccnnononnnnnnnnnnnnnos 105 Recording time spent on a Task oooooonnnnncccccncccconnnononoconnnnocononannnnnnnnnonos 106 Editing the Recorded Task TIME AA 110 Changing Task status to COMpleted oooooooocccccooocnncccccconcccnononannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnns 112 Changing Story status to completed cccceeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeanaaeeees 114 Making changes to a completed Story cc sseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaes 118 Keeping track of changes made tO a SUOSY ccceeeeeeeeeeeenneeeeeeeeeeeeeess 122 Viewing Project Repor seene etti r icc rtas 124 TOOL ADMINISTRATION Tod az RdA RA A A dE RA AE 125 Add Team Member AAA AER TAREA 125 Delete User Registration da 126 Add Change Manada o 126 Change PASS WO Dia 126 APPENDIX 4 DATABASE DIAGRAM cooococccccnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnos 127 APPENDIX 5 BRYCE SURVEY static 128 PERSONAL INFORMATION 0d 128 PROJECT MANAGEMENT ts r e r e eaters EEr 128 ABOUT STABILITY AA ee raed da
37. ceptance Test Delete e Change Story Status ER e Track Story Change e ViewEditAll Stories e View Edit All Tasks e View Edit Acceptance Tests Project information P Administration D manager Menu Figure 3 5 1 Viewing all the user stories in a project 31 If a story is split into one or more tasks the task information is also entered in the tool and the task is linked to the respective user story Also information regarding acceptance tests for each user story is also entered into the tool All the stories tasks and acceptance tests can be viewed and edited When the View Edit All Tasks link under the Feature Management menu is clicked on the left frame all the user tasks in the current release and iteration can be viewed This list of user tasks is sorted based on the task name or task identifier Figure 3 5 2 shows a sample list of user tasks that have been recorded the project 32 F http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer Fie Edt view Favorites Tools Help E pte gt QA Qlseach grotes Arson Ely S E SB Address http bryce csc ncsu edu PTool default jsp gt eo us gt Y 8 customize search xr Sonin my Yahoo Y Fantasy Sports gt Wo Yahoo gt EIvehociMal ail France gt lt 7News Shopping v fi Travel gt James Brown View Edit Task iB LibSoft y Release all Releases All Iterations y Dy st
38. d Task Time e Edit Task Time Feature Management e Add Story e Add Task e Add Acceptance Test e Change Story Status e Track Story Change e View Edit All Stories e View Edit All Tasks E Done PT 9 Internet Changing Story status to completed Once the Story is completed its status can be changed from Not Done to Done All the tasks of the user story must be completed before the story status can be changed to Done state In order to change a Story status 115 List all stories in all releases and iterations by selecting All Releases in the release drop down menu and All Iterations from the iteration drop down menu If the stories of a particular Release or Iteration are to be viewed select the particular Release and Iteration from the drop down menu Now click on My Stuff gt Change My Story Status menu item In order to change the status of the Story AddNewBooks choose a new status Done from the drop down menu Right now only one state Done is present in the drop down menu Later we will see more user story states in the next section and then click on the corresponding Change Status button 116 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer If all the tasks of the user story AddNewBooks are completed the story status can be changed to Done state and the following page is displayed In th
39. database User1 gt Users Delete the user DBUser right clicking on it 71 e Now click on Security gt Logins Right click to create new login In the Genera tab choose the following e Name DBUser e Check SQL Server Authentication Enter password psp Windows authentication is unchecked e Database Master e Language default In the Server Roles tab e Click on System Admin and Database creators In the Database Access tab e Choose Data2 and User1 For both of these choose public and db_owber e Re enter password psp when prompted Setting up of JDBC driver e Click on Start gt Settings gt Control Panel gt System gt Internet Services Manager gt Advanced gt Environment Variables e Set CLASSPATH to c wwwroot DBconnect CaveConnectC jar or wherever the file CaveConnectC jar is located Installation and Configuration of Resin e Unzip resin 1 2 8 zip using WinZip in a directory where you wish to store the tool for e g c resin 1 2 8 72 Replace Resin conf in c resin 1 2 8 conf Resin conf with c wwwroot Delete Later Resin conf Go to c resin 1 2 8 bin and execute srun install to install srun as an NT service Click on Start gt Settings gt Control Panel gt Administrative Tools gt Services Start Resin by right clicking on the Resin Service and clicking on start Now the Resin service has been started Installation and Configuration of IIS e Install the IIS using the Window
40. du XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help bak gt Dl Reach Favorites Bristory S m E A Address E http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp ba OG We 2 customize search gt 52 sian in my Yahoo lt ANews Y Yahoo E Yahool Mail itd Finance Shopping Travel View Edit Story James Brown P ty Sturr gt Feature Management e Add Story e Add Task e Add Acceptance Test e Change Story Status e Track Story Change e View Edit All Stories e View Edit All Tasks e View Edit Acceptance Tests P Project Information P Administration gt Manager Menu gt Pa temet For viewing all stories in a specific release iteration for e g Release 1 0 Iteration 1 0 Select Release 1 0 in the release drop down menu and Iteration 1 0 from the iteration drop down menu Now click on Feature Management gt View Edit All Stories menu item 99 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back gt O A A Bsearch Favorites lt Bristory 4 m a D Address E http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Y 2 Customize Search gt xe Sion in my Yahoo lt ANews gt yp Yahoo E Yahoo Mail uid Finance P Shopping ff Travel James Brown View Edit Story LibSoft y Release 1 0
41. e following page enter the story completion date and click on the submit button 117 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back gt OA A Qsearch ijravorites Bristory E m a A Address la http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp y so Y 2 Customize Search gt os Dm Yahoo lt ANews gt W Yahoo gt ET VarcolMal gt sl Finance Shopping gt Travel James Brown Change Story Status LibSoft y a 08 30 2002 fal Releases Submit an Iterations D iy Sturt Stories e MyTasks e Change My Story Status e Change My Task Status e Record Task Time e EditTaskTime Feature Management Project Information P administration gt Manager Menu Online Manual TestDebuq Done internet After setting Story status to Done using My Stuff gt Change My Story Status it can be viewed by clicking Feature Management gt View Edit All Stories Notice that the Story AddNewBooks is now listed as completed 118 James Brown i nE Making changes to a completed Story Once a user story has been completed some changes may be made to it due to one of the following reasons e Pre Release Change This change in the user story is requested by the customer prior to a release e Post Release Change This change in the user story is requested by the customer after a release
42. e Bug Fix Change This change is required to fix a bug that has been found in the user story e Refactoring This change is made for refactoring the code 119 In the tool the story status can be changed from Done to Pre Release Change Bug Fix Change Refactoring and Post Release Change When a Story enters one of the above four states a new task is automatically added in order to make the change This task has to be completed and then the user story can be changed back to Done state Reminder All the tasks of the user story must be completed before the story status can be changed to Done state In order to change a Story status e List all stories in all releases and iterations by selecting All Releases in the release drop down menu and All Iterations from the iteration drop down menu If the stories of a particular Release or Iteration are to be viewed select the particular Release and Iteration from the drop down menu e Now click on My Stuff gt Change My Story Status menu item In order to change the status of the Story AddNewBooks form Done to Bug Fix Change choose a new status Bug Fix Change from the drop down menu and then click on the corresponding Change Status button below it 120 Change My Story St a nde z Jan Releases y Y Iteration t E A Alterations y Pre Release Change gn AIE J Post Release Change Bug Fix C
43. e viewed select the particular Release and Iteration from the drop down menu e Now click on My Stuff gt Record Task Time menu item In order to add a task session to the task CreateBooksDatabase click on the corresponding select button 108 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Ebak gt OAA Bsearch Favorites Hristory E m EG gt Address E http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Y 2 customize Search gt xe signin my Yahoo lt ANews yy Yahoo X Yahoo Mail ui Finance P Shopping ff Travel James Brown LibSoft y Release fal Releases an Iterations P my stur Stories e MyTasks e Change My Story Status e Change My Task Status e Record Task Time e Edit Task Time gt Feature Management e Add Story e Add Task e Add Acceptance Test e Change Story Status e Track Story Change e View Edit All Stories ig E Record Task Time Once the Select button is clicked the following page is displayed e Enter the time spent in the session Time Spent 20 e Choose on of the following from the collaboration time drop down menu O Total Time this means the time entered in the time spent field is the total time for the session Time per Person this means that the time entered in the time spent field is multiplied by the number of coll
44. ect s manager since these operations must be performed by the manager and not by the team members Restricting access to functions in this way prevents catastrophic operations like deleting a project which obviously cause all the project information to be deleted However in the future version of Bryce it would be useful to have a logging mechanism which will list the changes that are made to a project However Bryce does possess some security limitations Bryce stores passwords in a database and does not encrypt them Nor is data encrypted when sent across the network This is not critical in an academic setting as project 45 confidentiality is not critical However in a corporate setting where confidentiality is vital Bryce must be shielded by using a firewall Currently Bryce installed on the Intranet in IBM and Genesys is protected by the company s network firewall In the future secure servers which use Secure Sockets Layer SSL should be an alternative solution to firewalls 46 4 Bryce Features This chapter discusses the functionality present in Bryce It explains how a new user can sign up with the tool set up a new project and utilize the tool for project management This chapter also provides explanation to all the menu items present in Bryce 4 1 Bryce Features Overview Bryce is currently accessible at the following URL http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default sp A user must first register to the tool u
45. elationship between the tables used in the Bryce tool Appendix 5 contains the user survey which was used for Bryce evaluation 11 2 Project Management This chapter discusses the need for project management of software projects and in particular how Extreme Programming projects are managed lt discusses the various tools that are currently used in XP project management their advantages and drawbacks 2 1 Introduction to Project Management Without the right information you re just another person with an opinion Tracy O Rourke CEO of Allen Bradley 24 The objectives of software project management are to set and meet achievable commitments regarding cost schedule quality and function delivered as they apply to individual development or maintenance projects 24 Effective measurements help software development groups succeed by enabling them to understand their capabilities Software groups can then develop achievable plans for producing and delivering products and services 24 Measurements also enable people to detect trends and to anticipate problems thus providing better control of costs reducing risks improving quality and ensuring that business objectives are achieved 24 Project management used successfully for decades in the construction industry is still an evolving discipline in information technology 10 Project management is gaining traction in IT organizations and the results are encouraging 10
46. em o Change Password This submenu item is used to change the password of the current user e Manager Menu this menu is only visible for a manager This menu item is only visible to a Manager The manager to perform certain privileged tasks uses this menu item The submenu items are o Create Projects The manager to add a new project to the system uses this menu item The manager specifies the new project name which is an alphanumeric string without spaces and special characters The user is required to enter the following fields in the specified format Project Name alphanumeric string without spaces special characters o Delete Project The manager to delete a project from the system uses this menu item The manager will be asked to confirm the deletion Once a project has been deleted the entire project related information is lost forever and cannot be recovered o Create Release The manager to add a new release to the project uses this menu item The manager specifies the new Release Identifier which is an alphanumeric string without spaces and special characters and a 81 headline The user is required to enter the following fields in the specified format New Release Identifier alphanumeric string without spaces special characters Release Headline A brief headline regarding the release Delete Release The manager to delete release of the project uses this menu item The manager selects Release ldentifi
47. entified four features called user stories in XP that have to be present in the product o AddNewMembers Add new members to the library o AddNewBooks Add new books to the library o BookCheckout Record that a book is checked out by a member o ShowBooksofMember List the books a member has been borrowed by a member Each of the following stories is split up into one or more tasks For example the AddNewBooks Story is split into the CreateBooksDatabase and CreateWeblinterface tasks The BookCheckout Story has one task CreateWebCheckOut etc Additionally the product is scheduled to be released in Release 1 0 The Release will contain two iterations called Iteration 1 0 and Iteration 2 0 The stories AddNewMembers and AddNewBooks will go into Iteration 1 0 amp Stories BookCheckout and ShowBooksofMember will go into Iteration 2 0 Requirements The tool requires Internet Explorer 5 or Netscape 6 2 browser 87 Accessing the XP tool The tool can be accessed at To use the tool a user has to first register to the system The user can register to the system using the link in the login page Once the new user has registered to the system he can login to the tool A Login Page Microsoft Internet Explorer J lel x Fie Edt view Favorites Tools Help e Bak gt O A Qsearch Favorites Bristory S El a D Address fe http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp y Go Y
48. er which is to be deleted The manager will be asked to confirm the deletion Add Iterations The manager to add a new iteration to the release uses this menu item The manager specifies the new Iteration Identifier which is an alphanumeric string without spaces and special characters and a headline The user is required to enter the following fields in the specified format New Iteration Identifier alphanumeric string without spaces special characters Choose the Release ID lIteration Comments A brief headline regarding the iteration Delete Iterations The manager to delete iteration of a release uses this menu item The manager selects Iteration Identifier which is to be deleted The manager will be asked to confirm the deletion Test Debug This menu item is used for debugging purposes 82 Logout This menu item is used to log out of the system How do I use this Tool to track my Project 1 Create a new project in the tool You need manager privileges to create a new project This is done using the create project menu item Create Releases and Iterations in the tool Again you need manager privileges to do so This is done using the create release 8 create iteration menu items Determine the set of features the product project needs to have Each of these are called User Stories in XP Enter the User Stories in the tool This is done using the Add User Story menu item Cre
49. er David the manager selects him in the list and clicks on the submit button 95 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back gt amp A A Reach Favorites Bristory S El al D Address la http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp y so Y 2 customize q Search Messenger 7 Bookmarks QB My Yahoo yp Yahoo Finance 5 Yahoo Mail lt ZNews P Shopping gt gt James Brown Manager Add Team Member LibSoft y Release fal Releases an Iterations D iy Sturt gt Feature Management P Project information gt Administration gt Manager Menu e Create Projects e Delete Project e Create Release e Delete Release e Add Iterations e Delete Iterations e Add Delete Team Member Online Manual Y A lip internet Feature Management Adding a new story A user can add stories by clicking on the Feature Management gt Add Story menu item The Story AddNewMembers is added as shown below e Ensure that the project LibSoft is selected in the projects dropdown menu e Enter new story identifier which is an alphanumeric string without spaces and special characters Story Identifier alpha numeric only AddNewMembers e Choose the release and iterations from the respective dropdown menus 96 Release ID Release 1 0 Iteration teration 1 0 e Also choose the developer risk and customer prior
50. ersity Lucas Layman North Carolina State University Bill Krebs IBM and Patricia Gage Genesys who helped me with the evaluation of the tool Last but not the least would like to thank my parents and sister who have been my source of motivation and emotional strength My M S degree would not have been possible without their support Table of Contents FISSTOFTABLES zacetne aaa EN IE VII LIST OF FIGURES e ecceccecceccecceceeceeceeceeaeceececeeaeeaecueceesesaeeuecueaesaeenteneaees VIII T INTRODUCTION ra coerce cece cen es tee re ae 1 1 1 TRADITIONAL METHODOLOGIES cccccceceececcecceceecececcecaeceeeueceesesaeenseneaes 1 1 2 AGILE SOFTWARE METHODOLOGIES 0 0cceccecceceeceececcecaeceececceeaeeaecuseneeees 3 1 3 EXTREME PROGRAMMING csceececcecceceeceeceeceececaecueceecesaecaecueceeaecaeeneeneaees 4 1 4 HYPOTHESES E cece tos A et tet at at et ate E E Bate a de 9 1 5 SUMMARY OF REMAINING CHAPTERS 2 0eceececceceeceececceecececucceeaeeaseeseueaes 9 2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT cccccecceceececceeceececeeceeceeceeaesaeceeceeseeaeeneeneaees 11 2 1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT 2 02 eeceececceceececceccesaecescuseeees 11 2 2 XP PROJECT MANAGEMENT 2 2 cecceceeceececceececeecccecceeaecaecueceeaeeaeeaeeeeeees 12 2 3 TOOLS FOR XP PROJECT MANAGEMENT ecceceeceececcecceceececceccecaeceeeeseeees 13 2 4 COLLABORATION AND DISCUSSION TOOLS cccscecceccecceceecececceeaeeeseneeees 15
51. following screen shows how to add Iteration 1 0 and Iteration 2 0 In this tutorial the following information was entered in this page and the submit button was clicked Please enter the new Iteration Identifier alpha numeric only Iteration 1 0 Please choose the release ID Release 1 0 94 Iteration Comments First Iteration for Release 1 0 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edt View Favorites Help l Heak gt 9 A A Asearch GyFavortes Hristory E m a Y Address http bryce csc nesu edufxPTooljdefautsp O as Y 2 customize p Search 5 sian in w Yahoo lt ANews Y Yahoo Yahoo Mail aw Finance gt P Shopping f Travel James Brown Add Iteration LibSoft Please enter the new Iteration Identifier alpha numeric only lteration 1 0 First Iteration for Release 1 0 an Releases y Em an Iterations e Change Manager e Change Password Manager Menu e Create Projects e Delete Project e Create Release e Delete Release e Add Iterations e Delete Iterations e Add Team Member lt lt Adding Deleting New Team Member Manager Only A manager can add new team members by clicking on the Manager Menu gt Add Delete Team Member menu item To do so e Ensure that the project LibSoft is selected in the projects dropdown menu e The current team members of the project are displayed e To add a new Team memb
52. g a project which will aid in XP research One particular area where Bryce could aid in research is studying the cost of change curve for XP shown in Figure 3 5 7 In 38 Boehm analyzes the relative cost of correcting software errors or making other software changes as a function of the phase in which the corrections or changes are made He concludes that as the project progress from analysis to design coding testing and production the cost of making changes to software increases 38 as portrayed in Figure 3 5 6 This is the universally accepted cost of change curve where the cost of making changes to software rises exponentially with time 37 Cost oF Chance The cost of change rising exponentially over time Figure 3 5 6 The Cost of Change Curve for Traditional Processes source 12 A flattened cost of change curve is the technical premise of XP 12 In his book 12 Kent Beck states Under certain circumstances the exponential rise in the cost of changing software over time can be flattened This is portrayed in Figure 3 5 7 38 Cost or CHANGE Time The cost of change may not rise dramatically over time Figure 3 5 7 The Cost of Change Curve for XP source 12 However there is no quantitative evidence to support this claim A flattened cost of change curve allows big decisions to be made as late in the process as possible defers the cost of making the decisions and have the greatest poss
53. ha Rel 5 A ZA P manager Menu uz Once the Change Status button is clicked the following page is displayed The user is required to enter a new task for making this change After entering the information the user has to click on the Submit button The following page shows the user story AddNewBooks being changed to Bug Fix Change state A new task Bug_fix_task_AddNewBooks is being added to make this change 121 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer This task has been added to fix the bug 2 in the story AddNewBooks After clicking the submit button the new story status can be viewed by clicking Feature Management gt View Edit All Stories Notice that the Story AddNewBooks Status is now Bug Fix 122 Change 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer la x E Heak gt O A A Qsearch GFavorites Bristory E pu a gt Address e http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp x Ps We 2 customize D Search sm O w vanoa lt 2 News W Yahoo Z Yahoo Mail jA Finance P Shopping f Travel James Brown View Edit Story tiosor an Releases y an Iterations Sea PARE Pn E ome e Me Ta a abide ome ISI e Change My Story Status e Change My Task Status Edit e Record Task Time a AA e Add Task e Add Acceptance Test e
54. hesis that Bryce may aid in research on XP 61 6 Conclusion Bryce is a web based tool developed for the following purposes 1 XP project management 2 Aiding research on XP by providing a vehicle for obtaining quantitative information regarding XP projects Bryce was evaluated through its use in two graduate level courses and one undergraduate course at North Carolina State University in the Fall 2002 semester The students were required to use the tool as a part of their project Furthermore it has been installed for use for managing XP projects at two industrial locations International Business Machines IBM and Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories Feedback was obtained from the users of Bryce using a survey The students who used the tool generally did not perceive the value of recording project information and of using a tool to track their project since their project programming assignments were of short duration However the many 65 of the students still agreed that accessing project information online was useful to them Most of the students took just a few hours or less to learn the tool However many students felt that Bryce was difficult to use Nevertheless making the tool easier to use could be one area for improvement Bryce also has been shown to reduce the burden on the XP tracker 62 From our research we state that Bryce appears to be useful in tracking XP projects However students may not find it
55. ible chance of being right 12 Research has shown that developers perceive that XP allows change in software without incurring big costs 23 though there is no quantitative evidence to prove the same In order to ascertain the flat cost of change Bryce can be utilized to gather data from real XP projects Bryce can compute and display the cost of change information for every release iteration and this can be viewed in the Project Report see Figure 3 5 8 generated by the tool The report contains information on each of the different types of rework i e bug fix refactoring pre release post release and their aggregate rework information Bryce can compute the amount of rework in hrs effort for rework in hrs percentage of rework effort and 39 average cost per rework for each of the different types of rework in hrs and also their aggregate rework for every project release and iteration Figure 3 5 8 shows the rework information of a sample project This information may be used to plot and quantitatively ascertain whether the cost of change curve is somewhat flat for XP 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPtool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edt view Favorites Tools Help Back gt A A Reach Favorites history Sy El a Y Address la http bryce csc ncsu edu XPtool default jsp y Go Links 45 Yahoo Mail E xP Bryce JOLDBryce Google 4 the Experience eRecruiting Network Login
56. implement The user story card is a commitment between the customer and the developer for a future conversation to clarify the requirement 26 Before and during the implementation of the story the developers discuss the details of the story with the customer 26 14 After the user story cards are written customers place priorities on the cards and developers place time estimates on the cards If the time estimate indicates a certain story is too large for one iteration the customer is asked to split the requirement into multiple user story cards When all priorities and estimates have been completed the developers and the customer play the Planning Game and collectively decide what features will go into a release The developers and customers collectively understand the amount of time and resources available for an iteration They lay the user story cards out on a table and slide them around until they jointly choose the highest priority and or highest risk stories that fit into the iteration Once the stories are chosen for a release the developers choose stories to be responsible for in the release The story owners then break the stories into smaller tasks generally a half to a full day and record this information on task cards The story owner finds a partner for each task and incrementally writes test cases and implementation code for the task When the pair completes the implementation of a task and all the new and existing test
57. in relation to this tool 1 A lightweight project management tool will be beneficial for managing XP projects 2 A lightweight measurement and analysis system will aid in research by obtaining quantitative information regarding XP projects The above hypotheses was evaluated through its use in two graduate level courses CSC517 Object Oriented Languages and Systems 49 students and ECE 521 ECE 463 Computer Design amp Technology Advanced Microprocessor Systems Design 49 students and one undergraduate course CSC326 Software Engineering 140 students at North Carolina State University in the Fall 2002 semester The students were required to use the tool as a part of their project Additionally Bryce was installed for use at two industrial locations International Business Machines IBM and Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories Feedback was obtained from the users of Bryce using a survey The details of the survey will now be discussed 57 5 2 Details about the Survey The online survey see APPENDIX 5 Bryce Survey had 17 multiple choice questions with a set of answers to choose from The possible answers to these questions conformed to Likert scaling to aid in statistical analysis The answer choices were discrete continuums such as Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree and Strongly Agree These choices were scaled linearly from 1 to 4 There were no neutral choices like Neither Agree nor Disagree
58. ing to the user is destroyed This menu item deletes the currently logged in user from the system To delete a user the password must be entered Add Change Manager This submenu item is used to change the current project manager The user can choose a new manager from a list of project managers registered to the system Change Password This submenu item is used to change the password of the current user 127 APPENDIX 4 Database Diagram QL Serve erprise Manage dit Diagram DIAGRA Data2 on BR 8 x J Console Window Help Le xl Beanie aR 0 5 55 E ProjectTeam UserInfo PNumber Userld Userld FirstName LastName Password csp PNumber RStri Managerld String TString IsManager IString PNumber CPriority UsString FK_ProjectTeam_Project DRisk Ownerld Estimate TDescription i Ownerld TComplete xl FK_UserStory_Project USDescription x FK_UsChange_UserStory FK_AcceptanceTest_UserStory Changeld PNumber USString TString StartDate EndDate ChangeEstimate ChangeType ATDescription ATResult ATFilenames FK_Iterations_Release1 ATStatus xl 128 APPENDIX 5 Bryce Survey Thanks for using Bryce This survey is for the new version of Bryce XP Project Management Tool We would like your suggestions so that we can refine it further Please note that this information will be confidential Personal Information e Enter your email address U
59. is a better alternative to story cards and 67 said that the tool could be useful in industrial projects The following additional information could be obtained from the survey Overall only 58 percent of the students liked implementing their project using XP Also 53 of participants worked in co located teams and 71 of the team member practiced pair programming Lastly 82 of the participants said that they spent 30 minutes or more a week using Bryce The survey was not completed by developers at Genesys or IBM Although Bryce has been installed in these locations the XP projects at each location are just beginning However Bill Krebs the IBM manager agreed that Bryce is a better alternative to story cards can save time and or effort in tracking a project and can be useful in industrial projects We hypothesized that a lightweight project management tool will be beneficial for managing XP projects Based on our findings we state that Bryce may be useful for managing XP projects though not popular in an academic environment Initial indications support its usefulness in managing industrial XP projects 5 4 Bryce for XP Research At the end of the Fall 2002 semester quantitative data can be obtained about academic XP projects using the Project Report as discussed in Section 3 5 2 Since these projects were of short duration it will not be possible to obtain 60 the cost of change information discussed in Section 3 5 2
60. ittee Member Dr Laurie Williams Chair of Advisory Committee Biography Vinay Ramachandran received a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Computer Science in 1998 from B M S College of Engineering Bangalore University Bangalore India He worked in Wipro Technologies Cisco Development Facility Bangalore India for two years He joined the M S program at North Carolina State University in the year 2001 He has been a research assistant for Dr Laurie Williams since May 2001 Acknowledgements would first like to thank my advisor Dr Laurie Williams who gave me an opportunity to do research in my field of interest Extreme Programming She has helped me in every aspect of this research starting off from suggesting my thesis topic through the completion of my thesis She provided me with all the required resources for this research and opportunities to attend XP Universe conferences in 2001 and 2002 Attending these conferences greatly helped me in my research could have not done my thesis without her keen insight guidance and support Finally she got IBM and Genesys to use the tool which was very important for the tool evaluation would like to extend my appreciation to my committee Dr Mladen Vouk and Dr Annie Anton for their valuable inputs would like to thank the Center for Advance Computing and Communications CACC for funding this research would also like to thank Dr Edward F Gehringer North Carolina State Univ
61. ity Customer Priority O Lowest Developer Risk Moderate e Enter the starting date for the user story in mm dd yyyy format Story Start Date MM DD YYY Y 08 15 2002 e Enter the estimated time to complete the story in hrs Estimate in hrs 15 0 e Enter the story description Story Description Add new members to the library The information needed to be obtained is Last Name First Name SSN Address e Finally assign the story to a team member Story Owner ID David Wilson If the user is unsure of what to enter or has made a mistake when entering the data he she can change them later using Feature Management gt View Edit All Stories menu item The following screen shows how to add AddNewMembers user story In this tutorial the following information was entered in this page and the submit button was clicked 97 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer Add Story AddMewMembers Release 1 0 Iteration 1 0 D Lowest Add new members to the library The information needed to be obtained is Last Name First Name SSN Address David Wilson David Wilso E 98 Viewing and editing all stories For viewing all stories in all releases and iterations Select All Releases in the release drop down menu and All Iterations from the iteration drop down menu Now click on Feature Management gt View Edit All Stories menu item 3 http bryce csc ncsu e
62. m plans that are made for a single iteration 11 Some of the more popular agile methodologies are Extreme Programming XP 12 Dynamic Systems Development Method DSDM 13 Scrum 14 Crystal 15 Adaptive Software Development 16 and Feature Driven Development FDD 17 Extreme Programming XP is considered the most popular of the agile methodologies 11 18 XP is also the most documented and specified of the agile methodologies and its practices are appealing to many software developers Chapter 3 discusses the development of a tool to support XP teams 1 3 Extreme Programming XP 12 is an agile methodology designed for small to medium sized teams developing software in the face of vague or rapidly changing requirements 12 The roots of XP lie in the Smalltalk community and in particular in the close collaboration of Kent Beck and Ward Cunningham beginning in the late 1980 s Both of them refined these practices on numerous projects during the early 1990 s extending their ideas of a software development approach that was both adaptive and people oriented 11 The crucial step from informal practice to a methodology occurred in 1997 when Kent Beck successfully used the full set of XP practices which will be described later in this section to implement a payroll project for Daimler Chrysler 11 Since then XP has been successfully used at many companies such as Bayerische Landesbank Credit Swiss Life First Union Na
63. m products jsp Clark S WebDeveloper com s Guide to Cascading Style Sheets 2002 http www webdeveloper com html html_css_1 html Caucho Technology 2002 http www caucho com Boehm B W Software Engineering Economics N J Prentice Hall Inc 1981 Williams L A G Succi M Stefanovic and M Marchesi A Metric Suite for Evaluating the Effectivness of an Agile Methodology in Extreme Programming Perspectives Boston MA Addison Wesley pp 335 347 2002 What is JavaTM Technology 2002 http java sun com java2 whatis Hypertext Markup Language 2 0 2002 http www ietf org rfc rfc1866 txt 42 43 44 68 MySQL Reference Manual for version 4 0 5 beta 2002 http www mysql com documentation mysal full JDBC Driver Certification Program 2002 http java sun com products jdbc certification html Hackystat Research Summary 2002 http csdl ics hawaii edu Research Hackystat 69 Appendix 1 Installation Manual Requirements This version of the tool requires Windows 2000 to have been installed prior to this installation The other components to be installed are e Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Refer to section O Installation and Configuration of Microsoft SQL Server 2000 for more details e JDBC Driver for MS SQL server Refer to section O Setting up of JDBC driver for more details e Resin version 1 2 8 Refer to section 0 Installation and Configuration of Resin for more details e Interne
64. nge Story Status This submenu item is used to change the story status of any user The following are the valid story states not done done pre release change post release change refactoring and bug fix change As shown in Figure 4 4 1 the user story is initially in not done state When the story is completed it is changed to done state When rework is to be done on a story the story state is changed to one of the following rework states pre release change post release change refactoring or bug fix change A rework task is also added to the story in order to track the time spent on this story rework Once this rework is completed the task status is set to completed Now the story can be changed back to done state Pre Release Change Bug Fix Change Post Release Change Figure 4 4 1 Story Traversing Different States 52 o Track Story Change This submenu item is used to view all the rework that has been done to a story Apart from the description of the story rework the tool also computes and displays quantitative information regarding the rework This includes total effort for the story total effort for rework on the story and percentage of rework for the story o View Edit Stories This submenu item is used to view edit user stories and tasks He can view the tasks corresponding to a particular story by clicking on the sto
65. ns of data entry providing elaborate reporting on project status and progress This data recorded in the tool can also be analyzed to provide invaluable quantitative information in assessing the XP methodology s effectiveness Bryce a web based tool was developed using Java Server Pages JSP The tool was evaluated through its use in two graduate level courses CSC517 Object Oriented Languages and Systems 49 students and ECE 521 ECE 463 Computer Design amp Technology Advanced Microprocessor Systems Design 49 students and one undergraduate course CSC326 Software Engineering 140 students at North Carolina State University in the Fall 2002 semester Furthermore it has also been installed for managing XP projects at two industrial locations International Business Machines IBM and Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories Through this research we observed the following 1 Bryce appears to be an effective tool for managing XP projects 2 Bryce may aid in research on XP by obtaining quantitative information regarding XP projects BRYCE AN EXTREME PROGRAMMING XP PROCESS ANALYSIS AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOL by VINAY RAMACHANDRAN A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science COMPUTER SCIENCE Raleigh 2002 APPROVED BY Dr Annie Anton Dr Mladen A Vouk Advisory Committee Member Advisory Comm
66. nsight into some important issues like security and portability of Bryce 3 1 Bryce Overview Bryce is a tool specially developed for recording and analyzing the metrics of XP for facilitating project management and reporting on project status and progress Bryce was developed based on the XP philosophy of doing the simplest thing that could possibly work 12 for tracking the project Hence an important requirement of the tool was that it needed to be easy to use and learn In today s fast paced environment the product requirements change often 10 Bryce provides support for tracking such changing requirements Bryce tracks changes made to a user story due to customer requests and also due to other factors like refactoring and bugs fixes An important consideration for Bryce s development was the chosen precision of the measurements The tool does not capture the time spent for the individual phases of software engineering like the design coding and testing This would make the time recording a laborious activity too laborious for an XP team More importantly XP developers iterate through these various 25 development phases on a minute by minute basis so tracking would likely be impossible Instead the tool captures the total time for the above phases as task time Though the time recorded by the tool may lack some precision it is still very useful XP researcher Succi states 3 2 You will never obtain 100 precisi
67. nu item to view edit Acceptance tests AT Once the Edit button is clicked the individual fields of the AT can be edited Also the AT s can be deleted clicking the Delete button beside them Project Information 79 This is used for recording the time for the different phases of the project The submenu items are o Project Summary This submenu item gives information regarding the current project e Administration This menu item is used for the administration of the project The submenu items are o Add Team Member This submenu item is used to add a new team member to the project The new team member must have registered to the system before he can be added as a team member to the project This menu item displays the current team members of the project To add a new team member the username and the password must be entered The user is required to enter the following fields in the specified format User ID Email id used during registration Password o Delete User Registration This submenu item is used to delete a user from the system This menu item removes the currently logged in user from the system To delete a user the password must be entered The user is required to enter the following fields in the specified format Password 80 o Add Change Manager This submenu item is used to change the current project manager The user can choose a new manager from a list of project managers registered to the syst
68. obtaining data such as which links to follow and how much of the page to continue for parsing data A report was generated based on the results of the calculations and was displayed using HTML unordered lists and HTML tables There are some technical drawbacks in using Wiki as in the project above 20 e Locating data within a page requires a formatting convention for each page If the pages are not properly formatted the script may break or produce incorrect output e Since a formatting convention is essential for locating the data changing the layout of a webpage will require modifying the scripts in order to locate the data in the webpage e The project Wiki pages have to be recursively walked through to obtain all the project data required for a calculation It would be more efficient for a program to retrieve project data if the data is stored in a database The following table Table 2 4 1 compares the features available in Wiki and Bryce Features Wiki Bryce XP project tracking and metrics Requires Yes computation customization Story rework tracking and support for Requires Yes collaboration customization Remote accessibility Yes Yes Built in support for XP research No Some support Open source Yes Yes Table 2 4 1 Comparison of Wiki and Bryce Features 2 5 Generic Project Management Workflow Management Tools There are generic commercial project management tools available one of the most
69. oft Internet Explore 18 x File Edt View Favorites Tools Help a Eback gt gt A Qsearch Favorites Hristory E M a Y Address El hp ls WP 2 customize la sf Messenger Uy Bookmarks My Yahoo YA Yahoo ss Finance EZ Yahoo Mall lt ANews UserlD Email Address davidByahoo com Password a Confirm Password nly First name Davia is Last name fwison Manager EJ Done Internet Once a user has successfully registered to the system he can login with the User Id and the password he had specified during the registration Once a user has registered he must do one of the following o Add a Project To do so the user must be a manager Only the system administrator can change a user to a manager o Get yourself added to an existing project To do so the manager under whom the user signed up under must add the user to the project 90 Adding New Project Manager Only Once a user has been added as a manager he she can view the Manager Menu Only the manager has access to the manager menu items ELA bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edt view Favorites Tools Help Heak gt OA A search GFavortes Hristory mi D Address hetp ijbryce cse ncsueduvProaidefaut isp RG E 9 customize a searen Uh Bookmarks Q My Yahoo yp Yahoo sd Finance Yahoo Mail lt 2News P Shopping James Bro
70. ogramming and Agile Methods XP Agile Universe 2002 Berlin Springer Verlag pp 166 173 2002 Florac W A R E Park and A D Carleton Practical Software Measurement Measuring for Process Management and Improvement SEI Carnegie Mellon University April 1997 http www sei cmu edu pub documents 97 reports pdf 97hb003 pdf Wells D Project Velocity 2002 http www extremeprogramming org rules velocity html Jeffries R A Anderson and C Hendrickson Extreme Programming Installed NJ Addison Wesley 2001 Leuf B and W Cunningham The Wiki Way N J Addison Wesley 2001 Maurer F Supporting Distributed Extreme Programming in Extreme Programming and Agile Methods XP Agile Universe 2002 Berlin Springer Verlag 2002 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 67 Chaffey D Groupware Workflow and Intranets Reengineering the Enterprise with Collaborative Software MA Butterwoth Heinemann 1998 Cunningham W Wiki Official Website 2002 www wiki org Workflow 2002 http webopedia com TERM w workflow html On line demos 2002 http sern ucalgary ca milos milos demos demo htm Lee C C JavaNCSS A Source Measurement Suite for Java http www kclee com clemens java javancss 2002 Succi G A Lightweight Evaluation of a Lightweight Process in Extreme Programming Perspectives Boston MA Addison Wesley 2002 Java Server Pages 2002 http java sun co
71. on in your measurements nor do you want it it is too expensive and you do not need it Think of the speedometer it always shows a 10 error Still you can use it to drive safely and avoid tickets 34 List of features in Bryce The following are the list of features available in Bryce Automated project tracking Project reports can be generated for any release or iteration The project report provides real time information regarding the various aspects of the project such as user story and user task pair programming acceptance test and user story rework information This information can provide insight into project progress and a manager can take appropriate steps if necessary Personal task management Team members can track user stories and tasks for which they are responsible in single or multiple projects The menu item My Stuff is specifically dedicated for tracking a team members user stories and tasks Remote accessibility Bryce users can easily access and update the project information from anywhere on the Internet or intranet with a web browser 26 e Rework tracking Bryce users can track rework due to bug fix refactoring pre release and post release rework done to a particular user story e Support for collaboration Bryce users can record and obtain quantitative information on pair programming e Support for research Bryce users can obtain a wealth of quantitative information regarding the project such
72. ongly Disagree 130 About Stability e Were you able to access the tool all the time i e was it stable o Answer Choices All the time Most of the time Sometimes Never e How many bugs are did you find in the tool o Answer Choices 0 Bugs 1 2 Bugs 3 5 Bugs 6 10 Bugs More than 10 Bugs About Learning Usage and Documentation e The tool is simple to use o Answer Choices Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree e How many minutes week do you think you spend updating Bryce o Answer Choices 0 15 minutes 16 30 minutes 30 45 minutes More than 45 minutes e Approximately how long did it take to learn the tool using the tutorial Manual etc o Answer Choices 1 hr Few hrs 1 day Few days A Week or more e The tutorial and user manual were helpful in learning the tool o Answer Choices Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Overview e Please comment on your overall impression and experience in using the tool 131 e Please list any features you would like to add to the tool bug information or any suggestions you have for making the tool easier to use navigate e Any other comments
73. ord all the information as mentioned above 84 APPENDIX 3 Tutorial Setting up the tool for your project 7 1 Introduction Bryce is a tool for managing XP projects The Bryce tool facilitates project management by means of simple data entry and provides elaborate reporting on project status and progress The tool will provide automated support for project management process data gathering and process metric analysis The following figure illustrates the simplistic view of an XP project 85 Release 1 0 Release 2 0 Iteration 1 1 iteration 1 2 Iteration 1 3 Acceptance eta Goto E A Gate tn In XP the user stories represent the features to be implemented in the project As shown in the figure each of these user stories is divided into one or more user tasks Pair programmers implement each of these tasks in a session The acceptance tests are written to verify the user stories Additionally a project is shipped to a customer in short release cycles Each release contains a set of product features or user stories Also each release is broken down into one or more iterations which typically lasts two to four weeks One or more user stories are implemented for each iteration 86 Getting Started The Tutorial is based on the development of this sample application product Library software that keeps track of its members and its books We will call this project LibSoft The developers have id
74. own menu users may access the project information The following menu items allow the user to add delete view or edit the various aspects of the project information More details about the menu items can be found in APPENDIX 2 User Manual and APPENDIX 3 Tutorial 49 4 4 1 My Stuff The My Stuff menu item provides users with the capability of tracking stories and tasks for which the current user is responsible The following submenu items are provided o My Stories This submenu item is used to view user stories assigned to the current user o My Tasks This submenu item is used to view user tasks assigned to the current user o Change My Story Status This submenu item is used to change the story status of the current user The following are the valid story states not done done pre release change post release change refactoring and bug fix change A user story is initially in not done state When a story is completed it is changed to the done state When a story requires rework the story state is changed to one of the following rework states pre release change post release change refactoring or bug fix change depending on the type of rework A rework task is also added to the story in order to track the time spent on this story rework Once this rework is completed the task status is set to complete Now the story can be changed back to done
75. ped for managing XP projects Overview The tool can be accessed at http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp To use the tool a user has to first register to the system The user can register to the system using the New user signup link in the login page Once the new user has registered to the system he can login to the tool There are two types of users e Normal user A normal user is one who can use the tool to record view metrics data with restricted privileges He can o Add User Stories and Tasks pertaining to the Project o View Record certain Project information o Perform limited Administration tasks e Manager A manager has certain special privileges to the system in addition to the normal user privileges The manager can also o Add Delete Projects o Add Delete Edit Release information o Add Delete Edit Iterations of a Release o Add Delete Edit User Stories and Tasks pertaining to the Project For information regarding installation of the tool please refer to Install doc 76 New User Registration In order to use the tool a user must be registered to the system The new user signup is used to register a new user to the system The user is required to enter the following fields in the specified format User ID Email Address Password Confirm Password First name Last name Manager choose your manager from the drop down list Once a user has successfully registered to the system he can login with the
76. popular ones is Microsoft Project The disadvantage of using such a project management tool is that they may require customization for being used in XP projects and also may not aid in XP research Moreover the learning curve 21 for these tools may be too long Due to the XP culture programmers would not spend the time to customize or learn the tool and would resort back to manual means of project management Another set of tools called workflow management tools are used to manage projects Workflow is defined as a series of tasks within an organization to produce a final outcome 31 At each stage in the workflow one individual or group is responsible for a specific task 31 Once the task is complete the workflow software ensures that the individuals responsible for the next task are notified and receive the data they need to execute their stage of the process 31 Generic Workflow management systems share the same disadvantages of a generic project management tools in a XP Project They may require customization for being used in XP projects may not aid in XP research and the learning curve for these tools may be too long 2 5 1 MILOS ASE MILOS ASE 28 or short M ASE is a web based tool that supports agile software engineering practices for distributed teams It is currently being developed by Dr Frank Maurer and his team at the University of Calgary The overall goal of the tool is to support project collaboration coordination
77. pressure 12 Beck also states that XP teams must be courageous and willing to make changes late in the project or even discard the code and start all over again 12 XP derives its practices from the above values The 12 practices of XP are briefly discussed below 12 1 The Planning Game The goal of the Planning Game is to quickly determine the scope of the next release by combining business priorities and technical estimates of product requirements Small Releases A simple system is produced quickly followed by new versions of increasing functionality in very short cycles of approximately three weeks Metaphor A simple shared story of how the whole system works is used to guide all development Simple design The system should be designed as simply as possible at any given moment Extra complexity is removed as soon as it is discovered Testing Programmers continually write automated unit tests which must run flawlessly before development can continue Customers also write acceptance tests which are used to demonstrate that features have been implemented Refactoring Programmers restructure the system without changing its behavior to remove duplication improve communication to simplify and or to add flexibility Pair programming Pair programming is a style of programming in which two programmers work side by side at one computer continually collaborating on the same design algorithm code or test 21 22
78. published by The Standish Group a West Yarmouth Massachusetts based consultancy reported that just 16 percent of software projects they studied succeeded The rest either failed 31 percent or were challenged 53 percent a term encompassing cost and time overruns and missing features 9 Another report by The Standish Group states that Underestimating project complexity and ignoring changing requirements are basic reasons why projects fail 10 1 2 Agile Software Methodologies In an attempt to reduce the frequency of project failures a new class of software development methodologies called agile methodologies 11 have been introduced in the last five years The most prominent difference between the traditional waterfall incremental and agile methodologies is that the agile methodologies are less archival document oriented 11 Additionally agile methods are designed to be adaptive rather than predictive 11 Traditional methods promote planning out or predicting a large part of the software development activities in great detail for a long span of time which works well until the requirements change 11 In an effort to respond to the changing requirements agile methodologies use iterative development to incorporate or adapt to customer feedback throughout the development cycle hence they are characterized as adaptive 11 With agile planning the long term plans are very fluid and the only stable plans are short ter
79. r database This implementation of Bryce has more than 70 JSP and Java files and over 12000 lines of code Additionally it uses 12 tables in two databases to store project information As mentioned earlier it uses a single CSS which contains all the information regarding the style of all its webpages APPENDIX 4 Database Diagram pictorially depicts the database tables and the relationship between them The tool may be accessed using any Web browser at http bryce csc ncsu edu xptool default sp and has been tested with Microsofto Internet Explorer Version 5 and Netscape Version 6 2 3 5 Importance of Research The development of Bryce is important for the following reasons 29 e Other available project management tools like MS Project may not be able capture information regarding elements unique to XP without some customization for example user story information pair programming information refactoring information etc e Many project management tools assume project planning is done upfront and hence the entire project plan is generated upfront This is not suitable for an XP environment where planning is done only for the current release and iteration e Some project management tools like MS Project cannot be modified or customized to obtain data pertaining to one specific area of research because the source code for the tool may not be available for example studying the cost of making changes late in an XP Project The
80. r or manager they can login and begin using Bryce 4 2 New User Registration To use Bryce for the first time users must register All users must first register as normal users and may then request the tool administrator to grant manager privileges As mentioned earlier only the tool administrator can add or remove managers The New user sign up link on the login page is used to register new users The user must specify a user ld which is also the email address of the user when registering Additional information required for registering a user to 48 the tool are password first name last name and the project manager name which is chosen from a project manager list in a drop down menu Once users are successfully registered an email notification is automatically sent to the manager The manager may then add the new team member to the project If a user has been successfully registered and the manager has added the user as a project team member the user may login to access their assigned project information A sample registration can be viewed in APPENDIX 3 Tutorial 4 3 Using Bryce To begin working on a project the user must first select a project from the project dropdown menu see page 92 Then the user can opt to work on a particular release and iteration by selecting them in their corresponding drop down menus see page 98 4 4 Description of Bryce menu items Once a project is selected from the project drop d
81. rations select All Releases in the release drop down menu and All Iterations from the iteration drop down menu If the tasks of a particular Release or Iteration are to be viewed select the particular Release and Iteration from the drop down menu e Now click on Feature Management gt View Edit All Tasks menu item 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer Fie Edit View Favorites Tools Help ta Back gt 3 A Al Asah GfFavorites CAhistory B3 HSL Address http bryce csc ncsu edu xPTool default jsp hd WP 2 customize Search 5 Signin my Yahoo W Fantasy Sports yp Yahoo lt JYehoo Mail am Finance lt ANews P Shopping Travel James Brown View Edit Task Libsott an Releases All Iterations y es ieee View Edit All Tasks e View Edit Acceptance Tests Elbe 0 meret For Editing Deleting the Tasks follow the same procedure as mentioned for the User stories 104 Adding a new Acceptance Test In XP the customer writes an acceptance test to validate the user story A user can add acceptance tests by clicking on the Feature Management gt Add Acceptance Test menu item e Ensure that the project LibSoft is selected in the projects dropdown menu e Enter new test identifier which is an alphanumeric string without spaces and special characters Test Identifier alpha numeric only TestAddBook
82. reliable software on time and within budget is a difficult endeavor for many software organizations 1 The waterfall model was introduced in a paper by W W Royce 2 as a methodology for gaining control over software development and suggests a systematic sequential approach to software development 3 In the waterfall model a project proceeds through the stages of requirements analysis design coding testing and support with sign off points at the end of each stage 3 Some have found the application of the waterfall model problematic in more uncertain environments such as Internet software engineering 4 Uncertain environments with high requirements volatility necessitates greater interactivity between the customer and the development team 4 To achieve the objective of greater interaction between the customer and the development team several alternative software development models have practices in which prototypes are developed and shown to customers early in the development process The rapid prototyping model 5 emphasizes the construction of an early prototype to help establish customer requirements 4 Similarly the spiral model 6 moves through a series of prototype builds to help the developers identify and reduce the risk associated with the project 4 In both those models however the prototypes are not part of the design itself but merely representations that are thrown away after fulfilling their function as a communi
83. rever and cannot be recovered o Create Release The manager uses this submenu item to add a new release to the project 4 4 6 55 o Delete Release The manager uses this submenu item to delete a project release The manager confirmation is required for the deletion of the release o Add Iterations The manager uses this submenu item to add iterations to a project release o Delete Iterations The manager uses this submenu item to delete iterations of the project The manager confirmation is required for the deletion of the iteration o Add Remove Team member The manager uses this submenu item to add delete team member s to from a project The manager can add a user to the team only if the user has registered to the tool with him as the manager Other Menu Items These menu items are o Online Manual This menu item is allows the user to access the online manual for the tool o Tool Admin This menu item is used by the tool administrator to add managers to the system o Test Debug This menu item is used for debugging purposes o Logout This menu item is used to log out of the tool 56 5 Preliminary Bryce Evaluation This chapter explains how Bryce was evaluated using a survey lt discusses the details of the survey and analyses the survey responses lt also discusses the user feedback and how Bryce may be useful in XP research 5 1 Method for Bryce Evaluation In section 1 4 we outline the following two hypotheses
84. ry identifier The Edit buttons beside the stories and tasks are used to edit the corresponding stories and tasks Once the Edit button is clicked the individual fields of the story or task can be edited Also stories and tasks can be deleted clicking the Delete button beside them o View Edit Tasks This submenu item is used to view edit user tasks On clicking the Edit button the individual fields of the task can be edited Also the tasks can be deleted by clicking the Delete button beside them o View Edit Acceptance Tests This menu item is used to view edit acceptance tests AT On clicking the Edit button the individual fields of the AT can be edited Also the acceptance tests can be deleted clicking the Delete button beside them 53 4 4 3 Project Information This menu item is used to obtain information regarding the current project o Project Report This menu item is used to compute and display metrics pertaining to the project If a release and iteration is chosen in the corresponding dropdown menus the project report will contain the corresponding release and iteration specific information The project report contains quantitative information regarding the following O O Story Information Task Information Acceptance Test Information Estimated and Actual Effort Information Pair Programming Information Story Rework Information 4 44 Administration This menu
85. s 3 4 Platform for Bryce Development and Access Bryce was developed using JSP for server side programming Being a part of the Java family JSP technology enables rapid development of web based applications that are platform independent 35 JavaScript is used to perform client side validations Additionally Cascading Style Sheets CSS are used to format the web pages CSS are used to control style and layout of a webpage and to build a style template that can be repeatedly used in a website 36 This template approach to designing a site enables developers to create a consistent look for corporate documents while keeping style separate from content Bryce uses a single CSS which contains all the information regarding the style of all its webpages Bryce requires a Database Management System 28 DBMS for storing project information a web server with a JSP engine to host the JSP pages and JDBC drivers for database connectivity Bryce was developed on a Microsoft Windows 2000 Internet Information Services 5 0 IIS server The JSP engine used to serve the JSP pages was Resin 37 Bryce was developed using Microsoft SQL 2000 as its database server Other database management systems that support Structured Query Language SQL with some advanced features like subSELECT nested SQL can be used in place of MS SQL server The aveconnect Version 2 3 Type 4 JDBC Driver was used to connect to the Microsoft SQL Serve
86. s e Select the User Story to which the test belongs User Story AddNewBooks e Enter the test description test file names test expected results Test Description This test checks whether new books can be added to the database Test File Names testAddBooks java Test Expected Results The software must add new books or generate appropriate error messages when some invalid conditions are encountered If the user is unsure of what to enter or has made a mistake when entering the data he she can change them later using Feature Management gt View Edit Acceptance Tests menu item 105 The following screen shows how to add the TestAddBooks acceptance Add Acceptance Test TestAddBooks AddNewBooks This test checks whether new books can lt be added to the database testiddBooks java The sofware must add new books or generate appropriate error messages when some invalid conditions are encountered Similarly another test TestAddMembers can be added Viewing and editing all Acceptance Tests e For viewing all tests in all releases and iterations select All Releases in the release drop down menu and All Iterations from the iteration drop down menu If the tests of a particular Release or lteration are to be viewed select the particular Release and Iteration from the drop down menu 106 e Now click on Feature Management gt View Edit All Acceptance Tests menu item 3 http
87. s 2000 CD e Click on Start gt Settings gt Control Panel gt Administrative Tools gt Internet Services Manager IIS window should open up If the Internet Services Manager icon is not present then IIS is not setup or has not been setup properly e In the tree window on the left hand side click on your computer icon and expand the tree Default Website icon should be visible e Setting the server home directory for the default Website e Right click on Default Website and click on properties e Now slick on the home directory heading e Set the home directory for e g c wwwroot Create a virtual directory for the tool e Right click on Default Website and click on properties 73 e Now Click on New gt Virtual directory The virtual directory wizard opens up Click next e For Virtual Directory Alias enter XPTool Click next e For the Website Content Directory enter the tool directory for e g c wwwroot xptool Click next e For Access Permissions check Read 8 Run Scripts Click next e Click finish e Right click on Default Website and click on start e Now the website is online Now delete the directory Delete Later which was extracted during the installation Access the tool using http hostname xptool default jsp in the Web browser Installation on Apache and Tomcat Set up MS SQL server and the JDBC driver in the same way as mentioned above Install Apache Version 2 x and Tomcat 4 x Crea
88. s ihe A EA eh ie ai ile AA AAA 49 4 4 2 Feature Management cccccccccssssssssssssseeccceenseaeseseseeeeeeesnnees 50 44 3 Project Information SSA 53 4 4 4 AOMINISHATION 0 cc cecceccecccccccececceccceaecneceececaeeaecessensenteeceeasensentsetaes 53 AAD Manager Menu idilio aso 54 4 4 6 Other Menu ltemMS oooococcocinccccccnccnocnnccnnonnnnnonnnncnnonnonnnnnnrcnnonnennnnnnns 55 5 PRELIMINARY BRYCE EVALUATION ccccccccecececceccecececcecceeececeeseneeceees 56 5 1 METHOD FOR BRYCE EVALUATION 00cceeceeececceeececceseeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeens 56 5 2 DETAILS ABOUT THE SURVEY 0 cecceeececcecceeececeececeecuceeeecueeaeeneeseesaeeeneens 57 5 3 USER FEEDBACK seer boo cece e eh i A EEATT 57 5 4 BRYCE FOR XP RESEARCH ceccecceeececceceeeececeeeceeceseaueceeeeeeueeeeeaeeeeeeas 59 6 CONCLUSION 7202 a nate te depen toa ae ad ee 61 6 1 FUTURE RESEARCH r EAEE EE EEE PEE AE EE EA EE EEE 62 6 1 1 Further tool Developed Ai 62 7 LIST OF REFERENCES 0 ccccccccceccceccecececcecceeccecceceneececeececeeeeeeaeetesenseneeseees 64 APPENDIX 1 INSTALLATION MANUAL 0 0 0cccecceeececceceeeececeecececcecsaeeceeens 69 Requirements AAA AERA ie iti 69 Extracting the compressed tool archive oooccccccooncccncccocncononconnnnncnnononononnnnons 69 Installation and Configuration of Microsoft SQL Server 2000 cccccc08 70 Setting UP OF JDBC AV sriain erene o r r PEKE LFE STOPE E E TEREPRE 71 Ins
89. s often used for brainstorming and summarizing decisions in a project 18 2 4 3 Wiki The Wiki 27 30 a general purpose collaborative webpage development tool is server software originally authored by Ward Cunningham The Wiki allows users to freely create and edit webpage content using any forms enabled web browser Wiki supports hyperlinks and has simple text syntax for dynamically creating new pages and cross links between internal pages It is a medium for collaboration because of its freedom ease of access and use simple and uniform navigation conventions and apparent lack of formal structure 27 Wiki is inherently democratic 27 every user has exactly the same capabilities authority as any other user It allows web collaboration without the need to manage accounts and passwords for server access however Wiki can run on intranets and can sometimes have password access to the webpages Although this may seem risky experience shows that little damage is done to Wiki content even in the absence of security mechanisms 27 The following case study illustrates how a Wiki was used in a particular XP project The XP Wiki system described is a subscription service of Cunningham amp Cunningham Inc in Portland Oregon RoleModel Software Inc of Fuquay Varina North Carolina used the service to coordinate an Extreme Programming project for a client in Durham North Carolina A separate Wiki web page was created for each s
90. serld This information is confidential and is used for information purposes only e User Group o Answer Choices CSC326 ECE463 ECE521 CSC517 IBM Genesys Project Management e You liked implementing the project using the XP methodology o Answer Choices Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree e Have you used a project management tool before o Answer Choices No Yes e How does your team work o Answer Choices Distributed Colocated e Did your team practice pair programming o Answer Choices No Yes 129 Accessing project information online was useful to you o Answer Choices Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree You tracked monitored the project progress using the tool o Answer Choices All the time Sometimes Never The tool can save time and or effort in tracking the project o Answer Choices Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree The project report that is generated automatically is useful o Answer Choices Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree How many team members entered data or monitored the project in the tool o Answer Choices Everyone on the Team Most Team Members Few Team Members One Member The tool is a better alternative to story cards i e having requirements on index cards o Answer Choices Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree The tool can be useful in industrial projects o Answer Choices Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Str
91. sing the New user sign up link in the login page Once a new user has registered he she will be able to login to the tool and use it Bryce has three categories of users e Normal user A normal user may use Bryce to record view project information except the information discussed in Section 4 4 5 In a project typically a team member belongs to this category of users A normal user can o add edit User Stories User Tasks Acceptance Tests pertaining to the Project o view record certain Project related information such as viewing project report o perform limited project administration tasks like changing the current user s password 47 e Manager A manager has certain special privileges in addition to the above listed normal user privileges Typically a project manager or team leader is granted the manager privileges In addition to the normal user privileges the manager may also o add delete projects o add delete release information o add delete iterations of a release e Administrator The administrator is responsible for the overall too maintenance The tool administrator may grant or take away manager privileges from a user The tool administrator is responsible for backing up the database periodically and restoring it in the event of a system crash The generic term user employed in the remaining sections of this thesis refers to both normal users and managers Once users are registered as a normal use
92. streams of XML based software engineering process data coming from the various sensors produces just in time analyses and emails the developer with URLs to these analyses 64 7 List of References Zahran S Software Process Improvement Essex England Addison Wesley Longman Limited 1998 Royce W W Managing the Development of Large Software Systems Concepts and Techniques Proceedings of WESCON Vol 14 pp 1 9 August 1970 Pressman R S Software Engineering A Practitioner s approach 5th Edition New York The McGraw Hill Companies Inc 2001 MacCormack A Product Development Practices that Work How Internet Companies Build Software in MIT Sloan Management Review Vol 42 Iss 2 pp 86 94 Winter 2001 Connell J L and L Shafer Structured Rapid Prototyping An Evolutionary Approach to Software Development Englewood Cliffs New Jersey Yourdon Press 1989 Boehm B A Spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement in IEEE Computer Vol 11 Iss 3 pp 61 72 May 1988 Nyberg E H Prototyping in E Commerce Projects Carnegie Mellon University 2002 http nakata mt cs cmu edu 11 791 Handouts Prototyping revO2 pdf McConnell S Rapid Development Redmond Washington Microsoft Press 1996 10 11 65 The CHAOS Report The Standish Group International Inc 1994 http www standishgroup com sample_research chaos 1994 1 php CHAOS A Recipe for Success The Standish Group International Inc
93. t Services Manager Refer to section O Installation and Configuration of IIS for more details To install the tool on Apache and Tomcat refer to section 0 Extracting the compressed tool archive Unzip Tool zip using WinZip in a directory where you wish to install the tool for e g c wwwroot This directory will be the IIS web server root directory The following directories will be extracted e XPTOOL Contains the JSP files e WEB INF Contains the java classes e Dbconnect Contains the JDBC vendor specific driver 70 e Delete Later Miscellaneous files which should be deleted later Installation and Configuration of Microsoft SQL Server 2000 1 2 Create a restricted user DBUser with password psp in Windows 2000 SQL Server Setup Follow the default setup except for the following e Choose Local system for Login e Choose Mixed Mode e Password for account sa can be anything say xyz Start SQL Server Click on the Service Manager Icon Restore Databases e Create two Databases User1 and Data2 by right clicking on Databases e Overwrite them with databases User1 and Data2 Restoring User1 database e Click Enterprise Manager e Click Tools gt Restore Database e Select From device radio button e Click Select Devices gt Add gt Filename gt choose file User1 e Click ok Similarly restore database Data2 Setting up login e Remove DBUser from User1 database Click on
94. tallation and Configuration of Resin ooooncccccncccccnccnnonoconononnnnnncnnanonnnnnnos 71 Installation and Configuration of IIS oooooocccoccccncinocononccononononononononnnnnnnnnnnnnnns 72 Installation on Apache and ToMCA ooooncnccccconncocconnonncnnononononcnnnnnnnncnncnnnnnnns 73 Trouble ADA e 74 APPENDIX 2 USER MANUAL 02 cccceccecccecceccceececeeeccecceceaeececeseceeceeeaeeserens 75 OVOIVIO WTI RIE ERA RADAR AT TI RA E 75 New User REIS TINO siria aaa aia 76 Description of the Menu emS ooooooonnnnnnncconococononacononocnnnnnnnnnnnanonnnnnnnnnos 76 How do l use this Tool to track My Project oooooococccccccccccccnncncnnnnnonononinoss 82 APPENDIX 3 TUTORIAL 202 dd oil 84 SETTING UP THE TOOL FOR YOUR PROJECT cecceeceececcetececceceneeeuseeeeeeeeaeeaneseees 84 7 1 INTRODUCTION 0 ccccececceccecceececeececeeaecaececuececaeeaecueceeaeeaecuecueseeaeeneeueeeeas 84 ELSIE mew c1 6 c s Rieger een reper etree CRT CRT cee rer Creer Crt peter ann eT rm nry ae fie ence 86 Requirements 08 van E O POE A 86 Accessing th XP TOO ii A AD E 87 New User Regist quon da iii A AAA AAA EA kus 87 Adding New Project Manager Only 2 2 2 s e ceeeeeeeeeeeseeeseeeseeeseeeseeeseneers 90 Adding Release Iteration Manager ONIy ccccccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeteeeeees 92 Adding Deleting New Team Member Manager Only ccccccccccceeeeeeeeeees 94 FEATURE MANAGEMENT 2 ecceceececcecce
95. te a context for the tool in tomcat Insert the following in TOMCAT_HOME conf server xml lt Context path XPTOOL docBase XPTOOL debug 0 reloadable true crossContext true gt Move WEB INF directory inside XPTOOL directory 74 e Place the XPTOOL directory in TOMCAT_HOME webapps e Access the Tool using the URL http nostname 8080 XPTOOL default jsp Trouble Shooting The site is not accessible e Check the URL of the tool e Check if the IIS Web server is running by clicking on Start gt Settings gt Control Panel gt Administrative Tools gt Services IIS status should have been started e Check if Resin is running by clicking on Start gt Settings gt Control Panel gt Administrative Tools gt Services Resin status should have been started e Inthe web browser go to http localhost xptool test jsp e It should display 2 2 4 This shows that the JSP engine is running e Also go to http localhost caucho status for the status and configuration of Resin Could not connect to the database e Check the environment variable path of the JDBC driver e Check if the database has been installed properly e Check for database permissions The username must be DBUser and the password must be psp for the databases Data2 and User1 Also DBUser should have public and db Owner permissions If any modifications are made restart the MS SQL server 75 APPENDIX 2 User Manual Bryce is a tool specially develo
96. tead XP uses numbers as a way of gently and non coercively communicating the need for change 12 Beck also advocates limiting the number of metrics 12 His rule of thumb is that three or four measures are typically what a team can 13 stand at any one time 12 If there is a shortage of tests being written Beck suggests that a manager should put up a Big Visible Chart 12 with the number of tests written and update it everyday 12 In this way the manager can communicate the need for improvement In XP a person is assigned the role of a tracker to gather project metrics 12 Tracking should happen without much overhead 12 It is the responsibility of the tracker to make the minimum amount of measurement and still be effective 12 Beck suggests gathering project data such as development time from each team member approximately twice each week 12 The XP manager is involved in XP project management because he she runs the Planning Game ensures that metrics are seen by those whose work are being measured and occasionally resolves issues in which team consensus cannot be achieved 12 2 3 Tools for XP project management In XP user stories replace requirements documents 26 User stories are short natural language requirements written by the customers on index cards User stories are generally one or two sentences and provide just enough detail to make a reasonably low risk estimate of how long the story will take to
97. their projects did not have metaphors Among the most popular practices were planning games pair programming and small releases 23 Simple design was another highly popular practice of XP 23 Seventy eight percent of respondents believed that simple design is the key to getting the job done quickly Getting the job done quickly is not the only priority it must also be done right 23 However 33 of the respondents believed that simple design is not necessarily the right answer 23 Perhaps these survey participants felt that complex design was inevitable under some circumstances 23 Finally another observation was that 92 of survey respondents believed that story cards were effective in capturing customer requirements Participants were asked to rate whether XP helped them meet their objectives they rated each of these aspects from 5 Much worse to 5 Fully achieved The participants felt that all of the following aspects were aided by XP e Deliver software in time 4 e Develop software with a high quality i e with less bugs 4 e Let developers have fun with their work 3 e Allow changes without incurring big costs 3 Finally almost all of them expressed that they would advocate using XP in the future 23 1 4 Hypotheses This research involved the development of Bryce a web based project management and process analysis tool designed for XP teams Through this research we examine the following two hypotheses in rela
98. tion to this tool 1 A lightweight project management tool will be beneficial for managing XP projects 2 A lightweight measurement and analysis system will aid in research by obtaining quantitative information regarding XP projects 1 5 Summary of Remaining Chapters The remaining chapters of this thesis discuss XP project management and how Bryce can aid in the management of XP projects Chapter 2 contains an overview of project management focusing on tools currently used for XP project management Chapter 3 contains an explanation of the research motivation and 10 development of the Bryce tool Chapter 4 contains an explanation of the features in the tool Chapter 5 contains an explanation of how the tool was evaluated Chapter 6 summarizes the conclusions and contributions of the thesis It also suggests the areas for further development of the tool and research areas in which the tool could be used Several archival resources appear in the appendices The Bryce installation manual containing instructions for installing and setting up the tool appears in Appendix 1 The Bryce user manual containing explanations of the menu items present in the tool is in Appendix 2 This user manual can be also be accessed from the login page of the tool A tutorial appears in Appendix 3 this tutorial can also be accessed from the login page of the tool Finally Appendix 4 contains a database diagram pictorially depicting the tables and the r
99. tional Bank Ford Motor Company and UBS 19 XP is based on Beck and Cunningham s observations of what made program development faster and what made it slower 20 XP is an important new methodology because it is one of several new agile software methodologies created to produce high quality software 12 and reduce the cost of software 20 XP is also professed to be a process that is simple and enjoyable 20 Kent Beck 12 established the following set of four core values for XP o Communication This XP value focuses on building a person to person mutual understanding of the problem environment through minimal formal documentation and through maximum face to face interaction XP s practices are designed to encourage interaction developer to developer and developer to customer 12 o Simplicity This XP value challenges each team member to continuously ask What is the simplest thing that could possibly work 12 The XP originators contend that it is better to do a simple thing today and pay a little more tomorrow for change than to do a more complicated thing today that may never be used 12 o Feedback XP teams obtain feedback by testing their software early and often 19 They deliver the system to the customers as early as possible and implement changes and reprioritization as suggested by feedback from the customer Courage Developers often cite the pressure to ship a buggy product It takes courage to resist this
100. to be obtained is Book Title Authors Last Name First Name ISBN Publisher This line vas added during Edit story Adding a new Task In XP a story may be split into one or more tasks and assigned to different team members A user can add tasks by clicking on the Feature Management gt Add Task menu item e Ensure that the project LibSoft is selected in the projects dropdown menu e Enter new task identifier which is an alphanumeric string without spaces and special characters Task Identifier alpha numeric only CreateBooksDatabase e Enter the starting date for the user story in mm dd yyyy format Task Starting Date MM DD YYYY 08 20 2002 102 e Select the User Story to which the task belongs Choose a User Story AddNewBooks e Enter the task description Description A Book database has to be created e Finally assign the task to a team member Task Owner ID James Brown If the user is unsure of what to enter or has made a mistake when entering the data he she can change them later using Feature Management gt View Edit All Tasks menu item The following screen shows how to add CreateBooksDatabase user task Y http bryc c XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer lt a Back my rites CBHstory EA 2 lee D my Yahoo 53 Add Task A book database has to be created 103 Viewing and editing all Tasks e For viewing all tasks in all releases and ite
101. tory and task of an XP project Pages were also created for each iteration and for each developer The iteration pages listed the stories and tasks currently assigned to each iteration Similarly each developer page listed 19 the stories and tasks for which a team member had accepted responsibility for the current iteration If a task was delayed to a later iteration the citation was simply removed from one iteration page on Wiki and added to a later one Anyone could make such a change simply by editing both iteration pages cutting the citation from one page and pasting it into the other Reassigning a task from one individual to another was handled in the same manner as moving task between iterations Within the context of the Wiki customizable calculations could be invoked on recorded story and task pages using CGI scripts Locating the data within the page to be used as input to the calculation was typically based on a formatting convention The page formatting convention used to specify the location of the user story estimates in a page is space indented one or more words followed by a colon then with or without spaces numbers 27 A regular expression is used to parse the page according to this formatting convention and to obtain the user story estimates Additionally the CGl script located any references or hyperlinks to further pages which it recursively walked through The scripts also contained some other constraints for
102. tteration 1 0 D iy Sturt gt Feature Management e Add Story e Add Task e Add Acceptance Test Change Story Status e Track Story Change e View Edit All Stories e View Edit All Tasks e View Edit Acceptance Tests P Project information P Administration gt Manager Menu Done PT a tene For editing a particular story click on the Edit button and to delete a story click on the Delete button Once the edit button is clicked the following fields of the user story can be edited To edit a particular field for example Story Description click on the Edit button in the Story Description column 100 eek gt O A A Dseach agravantes Hristo Eh 4 El El SB Address hetp bryce csc nesu edujXPTool defaul jsp y co Links gt search 3x9 sign in My Yahoo UP Fantasy Sports xp Yahoo Yahoo Mail aW Finance lt 2News Shopping F Travel James Brown View Edit Story LibSoft y an Releases ES pa pn a P my Stu D Feature Management Eome le tenet Now edit the contents of the textbox and click on the Submit button To view if the change has been made to the story description click on Feature Management gt View Edit All Stories and select the story which had been previously edited 101 http bryce csc nesu edu xPTool defaul nks gt Edit Story Add new books to the library The information needed
103. u XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer Fie Edt view Favorites Tools Hep 0 Back gt O 2 A Asearch Favorites Bristory E m a Y Address 18 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp z Ao We 2 customize search gt sion in my Yahoo lt ANews Y Yahoo E Yahoo Mail uid Finance P Shopping Travel m James Brown LibSot an Releases y an Iterations y SAO e MyTasks e Change My Story Status e Change My Task Status Edit e Record Task Time e Edit Task Time P Feature Management e Add Story e Add Task e Add Acceptance Test e Change Story Status Edit e Track Story Change e View Edit All Stories e View Edit All Tasks e View Edit Acceptance y Tacto Done PT a Internet Editing the Recorded Task Time e For viewing all your tasks in all releases and iterations select All Releases in the release drop down menu and All Iterations from the iteration drop down menu If the tasks of a particular Release or Iteration are to be viewed select the particular Release and Iteration from the drop down menu 111 e Now click on My Stuff gt Edit Task Time menu item The following page is displayed If the user wants to edit the task time of CreateWebinterface task he she has to click on the corresponding Select button 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer
104. u is clicked on the left frame the user can pick a user story and view the changes made to it Figure 3 5 4 shows the rework done on a user story named AddNewBooks The figure shows a bug fix change that was made to the user story This page also shows total rework effort for the user story and percentage of rework effort 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edt View Favorites Tools Help EBak gt O A A search Gyravorites lt Bristory S E E Y Address E http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp P WP 2 customize a search Messenger Q7 Bookmarks QB My Yahoo yp Yahoo uid Finance lt JYehoo Mail lt 2News Shopping gt James Brown Track Story Change LbSot z Release an Releases y an Iterations ge my uwt auus e Record Task Time e Edit Task Time gt Feature Management e Add Story e Add Task e Add Acceptance Test e Change Story Status e Track Story Change e View Edit All Stories e View Edit All Tasks e View Edit Acceptance Tests P Project Information P Administration P manager Menu Done PT 4D Internet Figure 3 5 4 Tracking the rework done to a user story 35 Project reports can generated for any particular release iteration or the project as a whole The project report helps in tracking project progress and obtaining project metrics real time from anywhere with just a web browser Fig
105. ure 3 5 5 shows a sample project report that was generated by the tool The report contains user story information user task information acceptance test information pair programming information bug fix rework information refactoring rework information pre release rework information post release rework information and overall rework information File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back gt O A A seach Favorites Bristory Sy El al Y Address la http bryce csc ncsu edu xptool default jsp Go Y 2 customize search gt 5 sion in D my Yahoo Health ye Yahoo Yahoo Mail lt News Wl Finance P Shopping Travel James Brown Project Report 1B LibSot Release an Releases an Iterations P My stur P Feature Management gt Project information e Project Report Administration gt Manager Menu v Joone fi e Figure 3 5 5 A sample Project Report 36 3 5 2 Research on XP There exists little statistical evidence to prove the effectiveness of XP To date the evidence is highly anecdotal but has aroused the curiosity of many highly respected software engineering researchers and consultants 21 Bryce may aid in obtaining statistical evidence for or against the effectiveness of XP projects Bryce has the capability to generate comprehensive reports for every project release and iteration These reports provide quantitative feedback regardin
106. ut gt Feature Managemen t e ViewfEdit All Tasks e View Edit Acceptance Tests gt Project Information P administrati P anager Menu Figure 3 5 2 Viewing all the user tasks in a project 33 Bryce enables personal task management The user can view the user stories and user tasks for which he she is responsible When the My Tasks link under the My Stuff menu is clicked on the left frame all the tasks belonging to the current user be viewed This task list first displays the incomplete tasks and then the complete tasks Figure 3 5 3 shows the list of stories for which the current user is responsible Y http bryce csc ncsu edu XPtool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back gt gt A Bsearch Ggravorites Hristory Ef a Y Address http Jbryce csc ncsu edu XPtoodefaul sp x ew Links Yahoo Mail xP Bryce OLD Bryce Google the Experience eRecruiting Network Login Vinay Ramachandran My User Stories ppg an Iterations y y Datrach 1 ete Stories Tasks e Change My Story Status e Change My Task Status e Record Task Time ee P manager Menu Online Manual Tool Admin TestiDebud l annnt r intemet Figure 3 5 3 Listing user stories belonging to the current user 34 The tool also tracks changes made to a user story When the Track Story Change link under the Feature Management men
107. with XP projects e M ASE support for measuring pair programming is still under development Bryce can record pair programming information and also compute metrics for pair programming such as amount and percentage of pair programming effort e Bryce also enables the quantitative analysis of metrics for research purposes for example the cost of change rework of a user story M ASE cannot track changes made to a story because of bugs customer etc This information is valuable as it shows how much of rework has been done to a particular story or in a particular release iteration The following table Table 2 4 1 compares the features in Bryce and M ASE Features M ASE Bryce XP project tracking and metrics Yes Yes computation Story rework tracking and support for No Yes collaboration Remote accessibility Yes Yes Support for XP research No Some support Integration with NetMeeting Yes No File repository Yes No Computation for source and test code Yes if the code is in No metrics Java Open source Yes Yes Table 2 5 1 Comparison of M ASE and Bryce features 24 3 Introduction to Bryce This chapter provides an overview of the Bryce tool and its associated documentation It specifies the tool s development platform and how the tool can be accessed This chapter also discusses the importance of the tool development for project management and for Extreme Programming research lt provides i
108. wn Welcome to Bryce an Releases an Iterations y e Create Projects e Delete Project e Create Release e Delete Release e Add Iterations e Delete Iterations e Add Team Member Online Manual y IA IS Now click on the Manager Menu gt Create Project and enter the project name LibSoft as shown below Then click on the submit button 91 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer Add New Project D iy Sturt Feature Management Project Information gt Administration gt Manager Menu Create Projects Delete Project e Create Release Delete Release e Add Iterations e Delete Iterations e Add Team Member 92 On clicking submit the project LibSoft is created Now select LibSoft from the drop down menu left top corner 3 http bryce csc ncsu edu XPTool default jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edt View Favorites Tools Help Heak gt O A A Asearch Gyravortes Hristory Ej m a Y Address nep Al Y 9 customize a sean Uh Bookmarks My Yahoo yp Yahoo sd Finance Yahoo Mail lt 2News P Shopping James Brown Choose Project Add New Project an Iterations P w Stu gt gt Project Information gt administration P Manager Menu e Create Projects e Delete Project e Create Release e Delete Release e Add Iterations Delete
109. y features to prevent unauthorized access of project data Bryce has two kinds of users the normal user and the manager The manager can perform some additional operations discussed in Section 4 4 5 than a normal user Bryce uses session objects to share information across its JSP pages Once a user successfully logs into the system a session object is created This session object contains information regarding the user including 44 their user Id Invalid access to a webpage is denied by first checking whether the session is a valid session and the user is a valid user For example the user may try to access a webpage directly by typing the URL without actually logging into the system In this case the session is invalid and consequently an Invalid Session page error is returned Similarly invalid access to a restricted manager s page is denied by verifying whether a user is a valid manager To perform the above validations a Java API called UserValidation was implemented This API is used in JSP to verify whether a user is indeed a valid user manager Collective Ownership is one of XP practices 12 It implies that anyone can change any code anywhere in the system at anytime regardless of who originally created the code Bryce extends this XP philosophy to allow anyone on a team to add delete or modify project information However some operations like creating or deleting the projects releases iterations are restricted a proj

ABSTRACT RAMACHANDRAN, VINAY. Bryce: An

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