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USER GUIDE

1. sojou Guuunouu ww Egg vcl 681 ofS N Pl eAlloelojd JOJOSUUOD 9 QD9 DUJ JSJOMISPUN possoD9 4 buimeig Juewebueuy jesous SV MALYON m oo Sec o gt CCl Nn HDNnND DD sossogr e gst22a33 Sors SCoT U no 85 EZ GB c oz oem dc mt uu gcolc2s igcdooegooc SUose2zs5s 2 0 5E 2056535 o 0 g Oo o z oV Oc 92592 59 offen gt C Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 84 Appendix 1 Spare Parts and Drawings 1 AWAC Transducer Head 4403 4 Stando 1032012 sandoff 4 PA 10 pressure sensor 5 Pressure sensor retainer HO Lock Washer 7 M5x20 soc cap screw 2 rng 4122x353 AWAC Transducer Cup 10 M6 Spring Washer 11 M6x20 soc cap srew 12 DB25 Male Connector 13 4 spring washer 14 4 40 Socket Cap Screw 15 Prodopp Analog 16 1032018 Sandof 17 Prodopp Digital 19 10 32x1 4 Standof 20 4x1 4 Spacer n 10 3212 Screw 23 Prodopp Recorder 24 4 40 Sc rew Binding Hd s 2 oang 0x20 26 Temp sensor plug 27 Temperature Sensor z O Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 85 User Guide PART NUMBER LPM BH FS 2 2 Pin Mini Connector LPM BH FS 8 8 Pin Mini Connector 1 4 20 UNC x 2 Soc Cap Srew 98019A 502 7 16 Flat Washer PEH200 MA 4470M Capasitor 48V system only Capasitor Clamp AWAC 48V N2022 006 sheet2 system only Capasitor Clamp AWAC 48V N2022 006 sheet 1 system only PEH200 HC 5220M Capasitor 48V syst
2. DOOODDODODD Finish Operations Be sure to stop data recording using one of the Stop buttons before you store an AWAC Erasing Recorded Data Erase the recorder by clicking Deployment gt Erase Recorder Before you do this make sure that you have recovered your data that the data file has not been corrupted and that you have stored a backup copy Raw Data The wave processing is based on the raw wave surface track pressure and wave velocities The raw time series are constructed from 512 1024 2048 samples col lected at a rate of 1 or 2Hz The AST time series is always sampled at twice the rate of the pressure and velocity 2 or 4Hz The data is displayed in the software under the tabs Wave Vel or Wave Press There are three along beam velocities one from each slanted beam where beam is pointing in the compass direction and beam 4 is the vertical AST beam The velocity data is collected in a sam pling volume located along the beams at some distance below the surface The position and size of the sampling volume will change with the mean water level and the wave height Things to consider when looking at the raw data include the following The pressure signal should be smooth and clean The resolution of the pres sure sensor is usually a fraction of a cm about 14 bit resolution at 1Hz and there should be no sudden jumps or discontinues in the time series The raw pressure signals gives an immediate indication about t
3. Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 49 User Guide e XYZ means that the measurements are transformed to a fixed orthogonal XYZ coordinate system e ENU means that the data are converted to geographic coordinates for every measurement This is the standard mode for current profiling Speed of sound Speed of sound can be set by the user Fixed or calculated by the instrument based on the measured temperature and a user input value for salinity Measured The salinity is 0 for fresh water and typically 35 for the ocean Waves static mode Check this box to access the AST setup parameters Velocity cell size The wave induced velocities are sampled in a cell with user selectable vertical size This 1s normally as close to the surface as pos sible without touching Unless having reasons for using something other than 2 4 metres we suggest that the default value 1s used AST window start This is a fixed distance from the instrument normally the seabed Make sure the window starts below the sea surface AST window size This value should be set so that the sea surface always 1s contained within the AST window Sea states and tidal variations should be taken into consideration Find first peak Typically in shallow water your AST window may be large compared to the deployment depth In such cases you may experience multiple reflections from the surface and the seabed To find the true surface position
4. Scaling NB Time span s Ei Data range Ix Cancel di Bin number Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 Min 2 Max E Auto Cancel AWAC AST 65 User Guide To change the look of the graphs 1 In the context sensitive menu click the Customization This will produce a tabbed dialogue box 2 Set the parameters as required for your application Parameters are explained in the following The General Tab x General Plot Subsets Axis Font Color Style Main Title o v Show Annotations Numeric Precision Sub Title e e o AAS Yiewing Style Grid Lines 3 Color 2 Both C Y C X C None C Monochrome Grid in front of data Monochrome Symbols Font Size 34 C Large Med Small Cancel Apply Help Original Export Maximize Main Title amp Sub Title These two edit boxes allow adding editing and deletion of main and sub titles If no title is present entering one will add one If you re move all the characters from a title the title will be deleted from the image Viewing Style The graph supports three viewing styles Color Monochrome Monochrome with Symbols This customization allows you to quickly adjust the image to best suite print ing on a monochrome printer If fewer than four subsets are to be included in a graph then the Monochrome setting wi
5. The measurement cells and AST window are adaptively determined during the profile mode for the Standard Setup This 1s not true if you set up for AST by ticking off the Static mode box in the Advanced Settings 1n the Deployment setup menu Doing so requires a clear understanding of the expected wave height as well as minimal tidal variation for the deployment area In general the Standard mode should be preferred since it uses an adaptive approach to locat Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 46 CHAPTER 6 Setting up for Operation The deployment dialogue box has two levels Standard and Advanced The two are accessed by clicking the corresponding tab This screenshot shows the contents ofthe Standard tab panes See text for details on the dialogue box contents ing the velocity cells and AST receive w ndow The Static mode s reserved for special cases typically such as shallow lakes Deployment Details the Standard Tab Modes of operation The AWAC has two modes of operation current profil ing and wave measurements The two modes are sequential 1 e the system first averages the full current profile over the prescribed averaging interval and then collects wave data for a period of time determined by the number of samples and the sampling rate The whole sequence will start over again each measurement interval In case of conflict preference is given to wave measurements as shown in the Fig on the next page
6. AWAC Acoustic Surface Tracking File Communication Deployment Playback View Configuratio Blu Fala 4 SB M Current Wave Sensors Status System Date amp Time Temperature Sound speed Pressure Battery Pitch Roll Heading Analog Input Analog Input2 Setting the Pressure Sensor offset To calibrate the pressure sensor 1 Have the AWAC connected to the computer and submerge the AWAC in wa ter 2 Click On line gt Set Pressure Offset and key in the depth in m The pres sure sensor 1s located inside the AWAC body but if you decide to use the top of the AWAC as pressure reference that should work fine and contribute to good agreement between depth readings based on pressure and depth read ings based on AST given that the atmospheric pressure doesn t change too much Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 36 CHAPTER 5 Preparation The dialogue box for setting the pressure offset see text for more Tip Atmospheric changes can vary the depth reading as much as 0 3m Set Pressure Offset Place instrument in water and enter the depth of the pressure Sensor IF ini air enter zero Pressure sensor depth m 0 2 Please be aware that all data on the recorder will be erased when calibrating the pressure sensor cena Calibrating the Compass The compass calibration 1s designed to adjust for magnetic materials that may be present in your deployment frame As a
7. Running a Functionality Test To run a functionality test do as follows 1 Plug in the AC adaptor and connect the AWAC to the PC serial port 2 Start the AWAC software 3 Select Communication gt Serial Port to specify the port number to use The dialogue box will look like this KOM zl COM port of your PC Baud rate for deployment setup transmission and online applications Baud rate S600 Recorder Canfiguration baud rate Baud rate for transfer of head file firmware upgrades and data download Send hard break 4 Accept the default baud rate settings 9600 baud which is also the default instrument baud rate Recorder Configuration baud rate The baud rate for transfer of head file and firmware upgrades as well as data downloads may differ from the other baud rate setting which 1s used for the transmission of deployment setups and for online Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 Tip With two types of break and one version of the commu nication software you may get into communication problems if the software is set up with the wrong type of break The easi est way to circumvent this prob lem is to use the auto detection feature in the software Make sure you have set up the correct serial port and press the Stop Data Collection button on the toolbar The software will then find the correct communi cation baud rate and break type for you You can use to terminal emula tor to test the
8. max 6 char s Comments max 180 char s Use a delayed start up either to make sure the AWAC starts data collection on the hour or to conserve batteries for a deployment that starts some time in the future You can start an AWAC deployment well in advance of when you plan to install it on site and use a delayed start up to conserve the AWAC s battery and recording resources for the actual deployment Mounting Guidelines The AWAC is often used in areas with large waves Large waves generate strong orbital currents which again means that the mounting frame will be subject to strong forces To survive the wave forces the mounting frame should be compact at the same time as it should be heavy Contact NORTEK if you need ideas on what the mounting frame should look like Things to Consider when Mounting The AWAC has been designed for easy mounting and deployment The follow ing guidelines should give you the best possible data When mounting the AWAC near large obstructions bridges piers walls Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 51 User Guide etc ensure that the acoustic beams do not see any obstructions Objects interfering with the beams may violate your data Keep the AWAC away from magnetic materials Consider the frame or cable holding the AWAC and the structure it is mounted on Nearby magnetic ma terials could cause the directional readings to be in error Consider the
9. A list of all items is provided overleaf AWAC AST 29 User Guide CHAPTER 5 Preparation We recommend the following procedure to prepare your new AWAC for future successful operation 1 Make a reception control as described in Inspect the Received System 2 Install the AWAC Software on a PC as described in Install the AWAC soft ware on a PC 3 Run a functional test of your new AWAC as described in Run a Functional Test 4 When you are ready to deploy the AWAC for data acquisition mount the AWAC in accordance with the guidelines provided in Mounting Guidelines Inspecting the Received System Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 30 CHAPTER 5 Preparation Press Communication gt Serial port to produce this menu When running a functional test accept the default baud rate Please check that the following equipment is included in the delivery 1 Transportation box 2 Battery can ster 3 Tool kit 4 External power signal cable 5 AWAC current meter 6 AWAC user manual 7 AWAC software 8 AC Adaptor 110 230 VAC to 9 16 VDC 9 Power cable 10 AWAC battery cable Do not hesitate to contact NORTEK if you find parts of the delivery to be miss ing Installing the AWAC Software on a PC To install the AWAC software do as follows 1 Insert the CD and run the Setup exe file 2 Follow the on screen instructions Accept default settings 3 Restart your PC to finalize the installation process if prompted to
10. Nor are computers some have serial ports with buffers while others have not In general newer computers have fewer problems than older ones Windows NT Windows 2000 and Windows XP clearly have fewer problems than Windows 95 98 and desktops seem to have less problems than laptops If you encounter any disruptions when transferring the data file from the AWAC to the computer simply reduce the Recorder configuration baudrate until everything works fine If problems persist try to find another computer Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 74 CHAPTER 9 Operational Concerns Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 75 User Guide CHAPTER 10 Use with Other Instruments You may connect external sensors to the two analogue inputs of the AWAC They may even be powered from the AWAC and their data output may be stored in the AWAC during a deployment or downloaded in real time if the AWAC is used in real time monitoring applications The following should be observed e The input impedance of the analogue inputs is 470kQ 100nF e f you want to power the external sensor from the AWAC you must check the Output power box The output power is configured in hardware by Nortek and can be raw i e battery power 5 V or 12 V To activate powering of the external sensor from the AWAC 1 In the AWAC software click Deployment gt Planning gt Use existing or use Load from Instrument 2 Click Use Advanced and
11. On the following pages you will find screenshot examples of the available graphs They are all shown in their standard look no change of colours or other tweaking as discussed in the above set of menus has been applied ye Ti r ys Profile Vel Dir Wave Vel Wave Amp Wave Pos Velocity Amplitude Sound speed Temperature Pressure Battery Attitude Analog inputs For Help press F1 Disconnected COMI 9600 71 7 s 1 N an N f 12 Ta nf d 1 a 3 Eg w All O Ol I jV 3 T I 2 Nis 4 3 IT nn A f di usual LI IUUUTIU MI U antlol D Vere i ama Profile Vel Dir Wave Vel Wave Amp Wave Pos Velocity AERE Su T Temperature Pressure Battery Attitude Analog inputs For Help press Fi Disconnected COM1 9600 Ko iin TE Y lh H IM i K M n iii Li ii i BRENERERI fin iL Jr i f ous b dj m ik dile Im ifii iw ii Ku WY n NUT 70 CHAPTER 8 Analysing the Acquired Data The above screenshots were taken from a deployment downloaded to the compu ter and then retrieved through the Playback command In addition there are a number of displays available which will contain no graph unless the AWAC is connected to a computer and run in real time mode Velocity tab The Velocity screen not shown displays the velocity n accord ance with the coordinates you specified in
12. access to all functions Open an Print Retrieve data Stop data Startdisk Help available existing file recorded collection recording N Start recorder Start data File Communication Deployment Playback View Configuration On line Help deployment collection Display calculated Display status statistical code error wave code file parameters information etc NN Untitiedkt AWAC Acoustic Sarlace Tracking Fle Comman Deployment Playback Veer Configuration Ondine Help rA EIEEE ETF FEEFEE Wave Sentots Suma Spaten p 2 u 12 m 000 0 000 m noe u a U m 0 000 om 0 000 0 a 0 4 22 o on n D U 05 27 a 0 0 16 12 a 000 u B U 07 J D 0 0 ue 42 0000 num OU U a LU 09 0 0 w uon u a U 11 00 0 a n 2 6 2 of 0 000 0000 0 0 13 57 0000 ooo 0000 n a n 2 0 100 1 100 1100 0 1 Display Display Display current sensor product North 10 4 data in a status data for Ad nA tabulated the AWAC 8 8 form current e7 meter NE NE I d 4 2 4 O 3 3 1 1 The graphic view provides 0 0 z lt 2 100 150 200 250 a graphical presentation of Velocity m s Amplitude counts Prete Vel Os Wave Vel Wave Aero Ware Pos Velocty anoaude Sound ned Temperate Pressure Battery Alt ude Analog rod the data selected in the data selection menu Profile Veli Wave vel Wave Amp Wave Pos Velocity Amplitude Sound speed Temperature Pressure Battery Attitude Analog inputs The data selection menu is u
13. desiccant at least once a year Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 78 CHAPTER 10 Use with Other Instruments Caution Take care not to damage the O ring and the O ring surfaces Tip Be sure to always include desiccant in the pressure case Humid air can condense enough water to damage the electrical circuitry Caution Users of lithium batteries should take extreme care when replacing such batteries Legislation regarding disposal of batteries lithium batteries in particular vary from country to country Painting with Anti fouling Paints Painting the transducers with anti fouling agents will reduce fouling of the trans ducers in particular for the first 36 months Laws regulating the use of paints mixed with poisonous anti fouling agents are different in different countries As a general guide we have good experience with TBT agents but recommend that you avoid copper based paints Installing and Replacing Batteries The AWAC is shipped with a separate battery pack The following procedure outlines how to connect the battery pack or to install a new one 1 Remove the three screws 1 and washers holding the end cap to the pressure case and remove the pressure case Disconnect the 2 pin connector 2 and pull the old battery 3 out of the pres sure case Slide n a new battery and connect it to the 2 pin connector 4 Insert the end cap to the pressure case and mount the three screws and
14. 30 or less your current profile data can still be okay but it 1s recommended that you try to mount the system such that the tilt s less than 5 For systems operating in wave mode and in particular with the AST option we recommend that you deploy the instrument with less than 5 tilt Troubleshooting Initial Problems Did You Check This Believe us most initial problems can be traced to problems like You have forgotten to power the system The DB 9 connector has fallen out of the computer You are using the wrong serial port Computers don t always behave as they should and not all of them have se rial ports available If one computer is giving you a problem try another one instead No Detection of the AWAC on the Serial Port If you cannot connect to the instrument first try sending a break to the AWAC Send a break by clicking Communication gt Terminal emulator and then click ing the Send Break button If the AWAC is powered and properly connected and if the terminal is set to use the correct serial port you will see the AWAC s wake up message If you see a response consisting of garbled text or strange characters the AWAC and terminal program are probably using different baud rates Try other baud rates to autodetect the baud rate use Online gt Stop Data Collection as de scribed in Changing the Baud Rate in Chapter 5 If you have reason to believe that your computer is having problems don
15. Ber n simdied deci mt text for details on the dialogue Blanking dist m 04 Sp pun P Sm atter utilisation box contents Measurement load X 52 o Auto 3 of 540 Wh ns Memory required ME f a2 Vertical vel prec ems f A Horizont vel prec ems 34 Analog inputs Input 1 NONE Input z NONE Output power Compass upd rate s gon Coord system JENU Waves static made Velocity cell size m 24 AST window start m ho AST window size m Bo Eind first peak AST threshold 1 g Speed of sound Measured Salinity ppt 35 f Fixed m s 1525 File wrapping Update from Standard Cancel Apply Help Compass update rate Sampling the compass consumes energy It can be done every second but if not needed you can set this to a much longer interval Power level The power level bar sets how much acoustic energy the instrument transmits into the water The difference between the highest level and the lowest level is about 12dB Unless you know your environment has high backscatter you should generally use the power level calculated 1n Standard mode Note Wave mode raw velocity Coordinate system You may specify the coordinate system to be used data are always collected in beam coordinates e Beam means that the recorded velocity will be in the coordinate system of the acoustic beams about 25 with respect to the vertical
16. Technical Description NE T 17 jS SLEEP UII 18 sets 18 Electronics IV ol ee ee 18 ol 18 External Battery Pack nn anne een een nenne inneren here 18 Power Requirements Using RS 2 lt icccssccsceceteneseaccecascecccetasseazeoarantucncnesandagsacaatavaaagaascoseoees 19 Power amp Communication Cable pp 19 Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 8 Contents CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 ET 19 RS252 Cable with analogue Hp een aha 19 8 conductor cable wiring RS 422 communication pe 20 Functional Description pe 21 Paneme wo 21 Measurement Area Blanking Wave Measurement ATfeap aaa aaa eccccci 22 Positionor DepntirC els ee een 23 Data Collection Near Bol ee a 24 Measuring Way Se een een 25 Directional Estimates ee er ee 26 AST Acoustic Surface Tracking optional pp 26 ilcivc 11 Le 1 NORRIS 29 Inspecting the Received System a oi APG do a 29 Installing the AWAC Software One ee AAA 30 R nning a Functionality TeSt een een eier 30 Test h recorder lunellon ee ee 33 Starting with an Empty Memory ee 34 Vetifying the Internal SENSOTS er 34 Calibrating the Temperature SenSOT nr use energie 35 vVeriying the Sa GSS OF ee ee eek 35 Setting the Pressure Sensor OLSEN nannte 23 C aBbranne The saw 36 Der 100 the ETE QUO ee ee ee 38 Setting UP Tor OperallOli ao rrt etse anni 4 Autonomous Deployment vs Online Monitoring pp 4 The AWAC Software Maini Meni ee eier 43 Data collection a Reco
17. To save recorder space the AWAC collects wave velocity data at one level only no profiling Current profile interval The time between each current profile measurement Number of cells and cell size The number of cells in combination with cell size determines how far away from the sensor measurements will be made Whether meaningful measurements really can be made all the way out to the most distant cells depends on the amount of scatterers in the water Deployment Planning E x Standard Advanced Deployment planning Assumed duration daps EE Estimated depth m o or B Memory required ME hsz Vertical vel prec cm s La Horizont vel prec cms Current profile Instrument Frequency 1 MHz Profile interval 3 Number af cells Cell size m Iv Waves Number of samples 1024 Sampling rate THz Interval 2 3600 Compass update rate s gon Power level HIGH Cancel Apply Help Waves Check this box if you want the AWAC to measure waves If your AWAC is equipped with AST this algorithm will be used Otherwise the traditional method is applied See Measuring Waves in Chapter 4 for more on this Use Advanced Settings Number of samples The wave spectra are calculated from the time series using FFT algorithms This is why the number of samples is either 512 1024 or 2048 The highest number gives b
18. communication yourself If you have a modem version of the software the auto detection feature is disabled In this case set the correct baud rate in the serial communica tions setup and try the two dif ferent break types using the terminal emulator Check or un check the hard break box go to the terminal emulator and send two breaks If you get a response to both breaks you have the correct setting AWAC AST 31 User Guide applications The reason why is that the former assumes that the batteries are in good condition and that the cable between the PC and the instrument is short so that high transmission rates can be used without problems You may change this setting f you upgrade in situ using long cables As a safety precaution the AWAC verifies the received head file and firmware upgrade files before they are allowed to replace the existing head and firmware files Hence using the wrong transmission speed will not cause trouble To make a permanent change of the baud rate see Changing the Baud Rate in Chapter 6 Sending Hard Break The break is used to interrupt the AWAC regardless of what mode it is in and is frequently used in the communication with the AWAC sending a break used to be done by holding the transmit line high on the serial line for a period of 500 ms This is what we refer to as hard break This works fine if you have a direct connection between your PC and the instrument But once you use somethin
19. consequence calibration of the com pass should take place after the AWAC has been mounted in its frame Be sure to mount the battery canister and all other materials that 1s to be attached to the frame and conduct the procedure outside away from other possible magnetic elements To calibrate the compass do as follows 1 Assemble the frame with AWAC battery canister and the extra ballast need ed to create a stable frame and connect the system to the computer as usual 2 Make sure it 1s possible to rotate the entire system AWAC frame including battery canister and extra ballast 360 horizontally 3 Click On line gt Compass Calibration This will produce the following dia logue box Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 The Compass Calibration dialogue box Make sure the frame is level when calibrating the compass and rotate the entire system to be deployed around the z axis of the AWAC Note Whenever the X axis points towards north the heading will be 0 The Compass Calibration dialogue box after a succesful calibration has been made When doing this in situ with the AWAC mounted in a heavy frame you cannot expect to end up with a circle as perfect as this one However we recommend you to do this slowly in an attempt to come as close to the ideal circle as possible Compass Calibration Offsets C de dr Tilt Heading 305 3 Pitch D 3 Rall 1 3 Please be aware tha
20. effects large objects will have on the flow itself A rough rule of thumb is that objects disturb the flow as far as 10 diameters away from the object Flow disturbance is greatest directly downstream in the wake behind the object Flow disturbance affects your measurements by changing the flow and by making it non uniform across the AWAC s beams All acoustic transducers must be submerged during data collection Operat ing with the transducers out of water will not cause damage but your data will be meaningless The pressure sensor can handle pressure twice its maximum reading For example the standard 50m pressure sensor can safely withstand 100m depth but it will not record meaningful data beyond 50m Use of Long Cables RS232 data communication at 9600 baud will normally work fine for cables up to 20 30m long depending on the environment If you want to run a longer ca ble you can switch to RS422 by installing a different wiring harness you can get from NORTEK Install the harness inside the AWAC between the end cap and the circuit board Keep in mind that RS422 uses more power in sleep mode You can also try using RS232 with longer cables by reducing the baud rate Keep in mind that RS422 is a more reliable means of communication than RS232 changing environmental conditions could cause RS232 communications to fail over a long wire without apparent reason You should consider the voltage drop across the cable particula
21. file format is not documented here since it 1s all shown in the header file see example in side bar overleaf Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 57 58 CHAPTER 7 Getting Data Out of the AWAC An example of parts of the header file showing that the data format is well documented in the header file itself This will ensure that no matter how many firmware upgrades you do you will always have access to the format used when the acquired data was downloaded ERR E Notepad IB xl File Edit Format Help Systemdo W Swstemdl J System 15334 Swstemds a systemd4 U system 5 U Data file format Lose e DH Den STE roIHMT sApr2O000 s22201 w1 1 velocity cell 1 Beaml x East cms J 2 velocity cell 2 tBeaml x East cm s J n velacity cell n Beaml x East ims fure ae ee es M M ED Md 1 velocity Cell 1 CBeam2 North 2 velocity Cell 2 Beam2 Y North a n velacity Cell n CBeam2 v Morth3 m s N a 1 velocity cell 1 Beam3 2 Up 2 velocity Cell 2 Beam3 z up Ms n velocity cell n Beams 2 Up cm s D XProjxParabpoppspeployspataswaveproIHMT sAprz Ons22201 al 1 Amplitude Cell 1 Beaml counts 2 Amplitude Cell 2 Beaml C counts n Amplitude cell n Beaml C counts D sProj Parapoppspenloy spata waveproaIHMT Aprz 00 s22201 az 1 Amplitude cell 1 Beam Ccaurnts 2 Amplitude Cell 2 Beam counts n Amplitude cell n Beam counts D XProj Paraboppspeploy spataswaveprosIHMT
22. in good shape 2 Click Deployment gt Erase Recorder Verifying the Internal Sensors The AWAC has four sensors that should be checked regularly to verify their performance These are the tilt sensor the temperature sensor the pressure sen sor and the compass It is of great importance to check and calibrate the com pass sensor The compass is sensitive to all magnetic fields not only the earth s Hence magnetic material used in the mooring may bias the compass readings significantly Temperature Calibration Head WAY 5029 Temperature calibration Click On line gt Temperature calibration to produce this Calibrate 1 Known temperature 22 1 BE display and enter the ambient ee temperature Make sure the en AWAC temperature readings 3 ape jl tesis Temperature Calibration Head WAV 5029 ms ave stabilized A have stabilized see text for p Calibrate d et a S i i 1 Known temperature Please be aware that all 22 1 C data on the recorder will be erased when calibrating 2 Press Start to begin the temperature sensor data collection 3 Press Stop when the temperature readings have stabilized Temperature Calibration Head WAY 5029 Stop Calibrate Please be aware that all opo ARA da a on the recorder will be 221 C erased when calibrating the temperature sensor 2 Press Start to begin data collection 3 Press Stop when the te
23. instrument to report an identification string Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 32 CHAPTER 5 Preparation Press Communication gt Termina Terminal Emulator to produce this menu When running a functional test Click the SEND BREAK button 6 First check the noise level of the instrument Pinging in air should produce a signal strength amplitude of 15 30 counts This signal level is called the noise floor When the instrument pings in air the velocity measurements will be nothing but noise Put the instrument in water and observe the signal strength and the velocity The signal strength should rise noticeably for the first range cells and the velocity data should appear less noisy 7 Check sensor readings Click the Sensors tab just below the icon bar to pro duce the following Press the Sensors Untitled 1 AWAC A ic Surface Tracking tab to produce this screen and File Com di Mie check that the readings make sense see text for details This screenshot is taken during a test deployment at a little less than a Date amp Time depth of 4m Temperature Sound speed Fressure Battery Pitch Roll Heading Analog Inputl Analog Input Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 Note Whenever the X axis points towards north the heading will be 0 Note If you leave the AWAC collecting data it will continue to run until the batteries are dead Always make sure to stop data collec
24. other you may want to keep this box floating on top of the AWAC software screen Click Update to update the display with the new event without closing this box This dialogue box shows that an AWAC measurement file consists of sev eral events in between the events the instrument goes to sleep to conserve power The numbers are the date and time of day for the start of each event The text wave data will appear for the events that included wave measurements only 3 Select an event to view click OK or double click to show the selected event closing the dialogue box or click Update to show the selected event keeping the dialogue box floating on top of the AWAC software main screen The selected event will now be displayed To get the Select data record dialogue box back on the screen if you closed it by clicking OK Select Playback gt Data Record The display options are treated in detail in the following Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 61 User Guide The Numerical Tabs Current wave Sensars Status System The numerical tabs of the main screen let you inspect the acquired data in a variety of ots So nr Ways 3 3 0 50 100 Amplitude counts The Current Tab The Current Tab provides a tabulation of the measured current profiles per cell including the measured amplitudes to indicate the received signal strength The Current Tab
25. post processing in programs like Micro soft Excel and MATLAB the data must be converted to ASCII format first This chapter shows you how The Recorder Data To retrieve data from the instrument Retrieval icon 1 Click Deployment gt Recorder Data retrieval or click the corresponding icon Within a moment you will see a list of the recorded data files in the case of more than one file the most recent file will be the last one listed Recorder Data Retrieval x Data files Name _Size Date amp Time 17920 29 10 2003 13 Comment Test deployment gt T Dump Retrieve Iv Include header Amount fica kB 7 CRC check Max size 1 38 MB Offset a kB FP Include EAT Used space 17920 bytes 0 02 MB Free space 2050560 bytes 136 MB Capacity 2068480 bytes 197 MB Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 54 CHAPTER 6 Setting up for Operation 2 Highlight the file s you want click Retrieve and select the location for the file 3 The selected files will now be retrieved and put on your hard drive To convert the retrieved data into ASCII format BEER EE ea 1 Click Deployment gt Data Conversion or click the corresponding icon IData Conversion za 2 Define where to put the converted files Save in folder 3 Click Add file to insert files for conversion Select files use the SHIFT key and or the CTRL key to select more than one
26. rad o modems Displays Display of data for current profile and wave measurements as well as internal and external sensors Data Recording Capacity standard 2 MB expandable to 26 MB 82 MB or 152 MB Profile record memory in bytes 9xN_ 120 cells Wave record memory in bytes 24xNo of samples 46 System Acoustic frequency 1 MHz 600kHz Acoustic beams 4 beams one vertical three slanted at 25 Operational modes Stand alone or long term monitoring Current Profile 1 MHz Maximum range 20 30m depends on local conditions Depth cell size 0 4 2 0m Number of cells Typical 20 40 maximum 128 Maximum output rate 1s Internal sampling rate 6Hz Wave Data 1 MHz Maximum depth 40m Data types Pressure and velocity cell along each beam Acoustic Surface Tracking AST optional Depth cell size 0 4 2 0m Maximum sampling rate output 2Hz AST 4 Hz optional Internal sampling rate 6Hz Number of samples per burst 512 1024 or 2048 Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 16 CHAPTER 2 Main Data Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 17 User Guide CHAPTER 3 Technical Description The below Fig shows a standard I MHz AWAC Note that optional designs are available and these may look different Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 18 CHAPTER 3 Technical Description AWAC Components The Sensor Head The sensor head contains
27. the deployment setup Amplitude tab This screen not shown displays the velocity vs time in counts to indicate received signal strength and in accordance with the coordinates you specified in the deployment setup Soundspeed tab This screen not shown displays the sound speed vs time If your deployment setup uses fixed sound speed this will be a flat line If your deployment setup uses a keyed in salinity and temperature the sound speed will be calculated as the temperature changes Note that any external CT sensors connected will be logged only The information they provide will not be used in the AWAC s own measurement Temperature tab This screen not shown displays the temperature vs time based on the AWAC s internal thermometer Pressure tab This screen not shown displays the pressure vs time based on the AWAC s internal pressure sensor Battery tab This screen not shown displays the battery voltage vs time based on the AWAC s internal voltage measurement Attitude tab This screen not shown shows the head pitch and roll of the AWAC vs time Analogue tab This screen not shown shows the signals received from ana logue sensors connected to the Analogue inputs of the AWAC Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 71 User Guide CHAPTER 9 Operational Concerns My Data Doesn t Look Right The AWAC cannot measure velocity properly if the water has too few scatterers Your data w
28. wash 7 ers Tighten the screws only until the end cap touches the pressure case Keep in mind that the ocean pressure holds the end cap in tightly all the screws have to do is to keep the end cap from falling out when the system is above water Test communication with the AWAC s built in terminal emulator program by sending a break command to the instrument If it is wired correctly then you should see the AWAC s wakeup message on the screen it will give you the model of your instrument plus the firmware version number If you get a string of garbage characters try another baud rate setting When the instrument responds to a break properly then the communica tion lines are correctly connected An easy alternative for using the terminal emulator is to read the configuration file directly from the instrument De ployment gt Planning gt Load from file If the instrument is set for a different baud rate than the software expects t will search for the correct baud rate and connect automatically Test the instrument by collecting data without using an external power source to ensure that the battery is properly connected Make sure to stop data col lection so that the instrument will power down after you are through testing it Check and or reset the clock if necessary Because the battery pack uses standard alkaline batteries you do not nor mally need to observe any special precautions when you dispose
29. 3 The wave window contains configuration parameters for wave mode 4 The current window contains numerical current data for all measurement cells 5 The sensor data window displays sensor status 6 The status window displays data such as error code status code and file in formation 7 The system window contains product data for the AWAC Current Meter 8 The graphic view gives a graphical presentation of data selected in the data selection menu 9 The data selection menu is used for selecting the types of data to be viewed Data collection a Recommended Procedure The AWAC system allows for both self recording and real time data collection A typical sequence includes 1 Connect the battery pack Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 44 CHAPTER 6 Setting up for Operation Caution Be sure to use silicone spray and not silicone grease on the dummy plugs and the cables The use of silicone grease on these may cause permanent damage to the system Silicone grease should be applied to the o rings only Deployment Playback View Configuration On line Help g id Use Existing Ctrl D Start Recorder Deployment Load From File Stop Recorder Deployment Load From Instrument View Log Recorder Data Retrieval Data Conversion Erase Recorder 2 Install new desiccant if necessary See Replacing Desiccant in Chapter 11 3 Run a Compass calibration See Calibrating the Compass in Chapter 5 4 T
30. ANEREEREEREIELEREEESUIFEEEERRURELTREEEBENEEEITEOREEEEETINTERESERRUER 68 Operational ONGOING ww 71 Ground NE inline 71 Moor le ee ee 72 TEGUDICSHOOLIBP ee ers 12 Initial Problems Did You Check This une aa 72 No Detection of the AWAC on the Serial Port pp 2 Totun serial loop DaAck te 12 To test your interlace Cable essensen pr anaa aaae pa O OOP 73 73 Use with Other Instruments pp Fa at Preventive NIAIMICNANC ee E en 77 Replacing DE Seen ee YU AEC 77 Painting with Anti fouling Pants ae dena 78 Installing and Replacing Batteries uch 78 C RCE Maintenance tabi oai E M MU BRA UM 79 Spare Parts and Drawings Nt S Returning AWAC for Repair pp 87 Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 10 Contents Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 Tip In order to take account of new developments you may have to upgrade the AWAC firmware see Upgrading the Firmware in Chapter 5 for details CHAPTER 1 AWAC AST User Guide Introduction Thank you for choosing Nortek The AWAC has been designed to provide you with many years of safe reliable service Your approach to the AWAC documentation depends on what you want to do and how much you already know Depending on your requirements you may find that you use some parts of this manual regularly and others not at all Note that the manual describes a fully equipped unit including the optional Acoustic Surface Tracking AST extension but all optional features
31. C measures three independent quantities that can be used to estimate waves parameters These quantities are pressure orbital velocities and AST Since each of these measurements is independent of one another there is a means to check the data quality by comparing these estimators to one another Again this 1s done in post processing The data record of the raw signal will not provide a clear view of the wave environ ment on the surface For instance the pressure record is an attenuated version of the free surface The attenuation is dependent upon both the AWAC s deployment depth and the surface wave frequencies Therefore this data record is not going to be particu larly useful until processing 1s performed This is similarly true of the orbital velocity measurements In fact the orbital velocities will often appear noisy and a sinusoidal wave pattern can sometimes be difficult to observe when waves are short in period Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 26 CHAPTER 4 Functional Description Tip The AWAC software has a replay mode that allows you to inspect the raw wave data retrieved from the AWAC The exception may be the AST record which is direct measure of the free sur face This record gives the user the possibility to see exactly the wave profile This represents the best way to get a quick inspection of the wave conditions Of course there exists the possibility for bad detections and this would have to be accou
32. E 09 2005 a xm P gt er NORTEK AS Software updates and technical support Find us on the world wide web www nortek as com www nortekusa com www nortek com cn Here you will find software updates and technical support Your Feedback is appreciated If you find errors misspelled words omissions or sections poorly explained please do not hesitate to contact us and tell us about it at inquiry nortek no We appreciate your comments and your fellow users will as well Nortek Forum Support If you have comments application tips suggestions to improvements etc that you think will be of general interest you should register on Nortek s Forums at www nortek as com cgi bin ib ikonboard cgi and post your message there The Forums also offer a great opportunity to share your experience using Nortek sensors with other users around the world and to learn from their experience Communicating with us If you need more information support or other assistance from us do not hesitate to contact us Nortek AS Vangkroken 2 NO 1351 RUD Norway Phone 47 6717 4500 Fax 47 6713 6770 e mail inquiry nortek no Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 5 User Guide OVERVIEW Whats in this Manual Chapter 1 Introduction Here we introduce you to the AWAC documentation suggesting which chapters are a must read Chapter 2 Main Data This chapter provides the technical spec
33. Error code the computer disk EU File size is the size of the file being recorded to disk Error codes and Status codes see below for an interpretation Error codes Bit7 Bi6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Not Not Not Flash Tag bit Sensor Measurement Compass used used used data data 0 OK 0 OK 0 OK 0 OK 0 OK 1 Error 1 Error 1 Error 1 Error 1 Error Status codes Bit 7 amp 6 Bit 5 amp 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Power level Wakeup state Roll Pitch Scaling Orientation 00 0 high 00 bad power 0 OK O OK O mm s 0 Up 01 1 01 power applied 1 out 1 out 1 0 1mm s 1 down 10 22 10 break ofrange ofrange 11 3 low 11 RTC alarm The System Tab The System Tab provides information on the system itself Untitled 1 AWAC Acoustic Surface Tracking Date amp time of day of when the viewed measurement was started Serial No ofthe PCB inside the AWAC Date amp Time Serial number Serial No ofthe AWAC head Bratem Firmware v AWAC firmware version Recorder memory size Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 64 CHAPTER 8 Analysing the Acquired Data If you right click the mouse whilst in the graph area a context sensitive menu will appear The Scaling submenu comes in two flavours with and without bin cell number specification This choice appears only when meaningful In addition the scaling submenu lets you define the time span in seconds for level vs time displays an
34. Max Additional parameter fields are available when meaningful otherwise they ap pear ghosted The Font Tab The font tab not shown lets you specify font size and appearance for the titles and annotations used in the graphs The Colour Tab The colour tab not shown lets you specify the colours used in the graphs for the curves and the backgrounds The Style Tab The Style tab not shown lets you specify the look of each of the curves appear ing in a graph Exporting a Graph Graphs can be exported to the Windows clipboard as text Windows Metafile and to a printer and as files for use in other applications such as reports and presentations Normally we will recommend that you save the graph as a file The following formats are available e Metafile to be used for Clipboard File and Printer e Bitmap to be used for Clipboard and File Text Data to be used for Clipboard and File e JPEG to be used for File Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 Press X when displaying the required graph or click the Export key in the Customization Dialogue box 2 Select the type of export desired Select the destination of the export If available select the size of the image to export Press the Export Print button ip In general we recommend Pr rinte r as destination If your exporting a metafile to the printer pressing the gt ROAR OWE non will the Windows Print dialogue box which lets you print as usual
35. R Pl o9 2088 NORTEK AS AWAC A ACOUSTIC WAVE AND CURRENT METER USER GUIDE SEPTEMBER 2005 NORTEK AS AWAC ACOUSTIC WAVE AND CURRENT METER FOR FIRMWARE VERSION 1 10 ONWARDS Copyright Nortek AS 2004 2005 September 2005 All rights reserved This document may not in whole or in part be copied photocopied translated converted or reduced to any electronic medium or machine read able form without prior consent in writing from Nortek AS Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this manual However Nortek AS makes no warranties with respect to this documentation and disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Nortek shall not be liable for any errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing performance or use of this manual or the examples herein Nortek AS reserves the right to amend any of the information given in this manual in order to take account of new developments Microsoft Activex Windows Windows NT Win32 are registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corpo ration in the United States and or other countries Other product names logos designs titles words or phrases mentioned within this publication may be trademarks servicemarks or tradenames of Nortek AS or other entities and may be registered in certain jurisdictions including internationally Doc No N3000 126 Revision
36. WAC will compute an incorrect sound speed You can correct velocities V for sound speed errors using the following equation New sound speed Vnew Voo Old sound speed Data already acquired cannot be corrected from within the AWAC software so you will have to do this for yourself or add a correction term to all applicable values when importing ASCII converted data to Excel or MATLAB Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 60 CHAPTER 7 Getting Data Out ofthe AWAC Viewing a File Downloaded from the AWAC To view a file already downloaded from the AWAC 1 Select Playback gt Open File to locate the file to be viewed This will open the familiar Windows Open file dialogue box 2 When you have selected the file to open the following box appears The fle which you rave have W x downloaded from the AWAC is organised as a series of events Select data record sinply because in between the 27 11 2002 23 58 21 wave data events the instrument is in sleep 2811 2007 00 29 21 mode and no data acquisition 28 11 2002 00 58 21 wave data takes place Click on the event 28 11 2002 01 28 21 you would like to view 28 11 2002 01 58 21 wave data 28 11 2002 02 28 21 0 11 2002 2 58 21 wave data 28 11 2002 03 28 22 25 11 2002 03 58 21 wave data 28 11 2002 04 28 21 uummmusuuuuuuuuunuaunuuuunuuuuuuas UK Lancel Update When looking a several events one after the
37. WAC window RB for each beam cannot extend beyond 42 3m from the AWAC Messen The size It will be clipped if so EPUM length of the happens The amount of AWAC window clipping is shown here The Sensors Tab The Sensors Tab provides information about the sensor and the reading of the analogue inputs Date amp time of day of whe measurement was started Measured temperature Sound speed setting as used in measurement The detected pressure Battery voltage by the time this measurement started Heading pitch and roll Signal level in counts as n the viewed Untitled 1 AWAC Acoustic Surface Tracking File mmunication Deploymen Plavback 7 S3 Tun d J tie 2 eal r Ze i Lm ze d Tee 21 40d 119110 991 Dr rr re Analog Inputl Analog Input2 detected at the analogue inputs N A Not Applicable The value is sampled as specified in the Deployment setup menu Advanced Tab Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 63 User Guide The Status Tab The Status Tab provides information on the path to the disk file and its size as well as if any errors have occurred Untitled 1 AWAC Acoustic Surface Tracking Date amp time of day of when the ee viewed measurement was started 8 Disk file shows the name of the disk Date amp Time Disk file file in use for data recording The field displays OFF ifno data are stored to File size
38. are clearly marked as optional Before you start to use the system we do recommend that you look through this user manual and read the chapters recommended below Getting Started To get you up and running 1 Read through the chapters 2 and 3 2 Run the AWAC tests outlined in chapter 5 3 Start using the AWAC as described in chapter 6 4 Perform regular maintenance as described in chapter 11 Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 11 12 CHAPTER 1 Introduction Warranty In order to stay up to date and receive news and tips from the factory you should register at our web site Use the Internet and go to http www nortek as com newsletter php Enter your name e mail address and topics of interest We also recommend our User Forum where you may post questions and discuss with other people in the oceanographic community To get to the User Forum enter http www nortek as com and click on Forum If you have no internet ac cess or 1f you for any other reason prefer traditional mail or telefax you may fill in and return the registration part of the warranty sheet accompanying your Nortek product Nortek AS grants a one year limited warranty that extends to all parts and labour and covers any malfunction that is due to poor workmanship or due to errors in the manufacturing process The warranty does not cover shortcomings that are due to design nor does it cover any form of consequential damages as a result of er
39. cing sockets bers looking i Note Tx and Rx refer to the Vector not to the PC Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 21 User Guide CHAPTER 4 Functional Description This chapter outlines some of the underlying principles that control the operation and application of the AWAC Current meter Using the Doppler Effect You hear the Doppler effect whenever a train passes by the change in pitch you hear tells you how fast the train is moving The AWAC uses the Doppler effect to measure current velocity by transmitting a short pulse of sound listening to its echo and measuring the change in pitch or frequency of the echo This is ex pressed by the following equation Fooppier C VE ue 2 where Fpoppier 18 the change in received frequency known as the Doppler shift Fsource ls the frequency of transmitted sound V s the current velocity C s the speed of sound There are many ways to measure the Doppler effect each with ts own advantag es and drawbacks NORTEK implements a narrowband auto covariance method because it has been established as robust reliable and accurate Sound does not reflect from the water itself but rather from particles suspended Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 22 CHAPTER 4 Functional Description The orientation of the three slanted transducers used by the AWAC Each transducer generates a beam oriented 25 off the vertical axis The three b
40. d the data range vertical axis setting For profiles the scaling refers to the levels and not to the distance span shown You may also select autoscaling in some cases The Graphical Tabs Customizing the Display The graphical tabs determine what to display in the lower part of the AWAC soft ware main screen By right clicking the mouse whilst positioned n the graph area you may customize the display To be able to customize the graphical display Whilst positioned in the graph area right click the mouse A context sensi tive menu will now appear Untitled 1 AWAC Acoustic Surface Tracking File Communication Deployment Playback View Configuration On line Help 8 ug Wc a a t Current wave Sensors Status System pPOOCOODOOCOODQODODOOOCOCE 8 8 8 cN E H H E E E E E H H To change the time scale Customization ET Export Profile Vel Dir Wave Vel wave amp mp Wave Pos Welobitu Amplitude Sound speed Tempa For Help press F1 y 163 19110 BB Sg Clear Undo Zoom ScalejData Pressure Battery Attitude Ane Disconnected COM1 9600 7 In the context sensitive menu click the Scaling or Scale Data The exact name and appearance of this submenu depends on the function displayed at the moment you right clicked If Scaling appears ghosted there is nothing to set for the function currently displayed
41. e surface for each ping Basically there are two AST measurement modes Standard and Static Standard Mode In the Standard mode everything is adaptively configured based on the water depth to achieve the best quality data Aside from setting the sampling scheme number of samples rate interval there is nothing else you need to configure You may enter the estimated depth but this 1s only used for estimating the power and memory consumption In Standard mode the positioning of the receive window is a calculated automat ically in firmware during the current profile mode Therefore prior knowledge of wave heights and tidal variation 1s not required The Standard mode is set up from the Standard tab Static Mode This setup mode provides more flexibility for establishing the de tection window The beginning of the detection window 1s defined by the user You must then specify the size of the detection window Clearly this requires that you are familiar with the expected maximum water level wave environment in order to properly detect all waves using the specified window size Under the Static mode you have the option of choosing the method through which the peak associated with the surface 1s identified The default automatic method is to identify the maximum peak as the surface return Alternatively you may chose to identify the surface return as the first peak above a defined threshold The standard value for this approach 1s 100
42. eams are equally spaced at 120 azimuth angles in the water These particles are typically zooplankton or suspended sediment Long experience with Doppler current sensors tells us that the small particles the AWAC sees move on average at the same speed as the water the velocity it measures is the velocity of the water Measurement Area Blanking Wave Measurement Area The AWAC transducers generate sound such that the majority of the energy is concentrated in a narrow beam The Doppler shift measured by each transducer is proportional to the velocity of the particles along its acoustic beam Any particle motion perpendicular to the beam will not affect the Doppler shift By combining the velocities from several transducers and knowing the relative ori entation of those transducers the three dimensional velocity can be calculated Velocity is assumed homogeneous at a given layer The figure overleaf illustrates the orientation of the three slanted transducers used by the AWAC Each transducer generates a beam oriented 25 off the verti cal axis The three beams are equally spaced at 120 azimuth angles The AWAC measures the velocity at different distances from the transducer by measuring the Doppler shift of the returning signal at different times follow ing the transmit pulse No measurements are made immediately in front of the transducer in what s referred to as the blanking region This allows time for the transducers and elect
43. ed to trans mit a very short pulse relative to the Doppler velocity measurements The travel time from the AWAC to the surface and back allows us to estimate the distance to the surface for each ping Fortunately the strong impedance mismatch at the water air interface provides near perfect reflection and thus provides a strong return An example of the return pulse is presented in the Fig below as you can see the surface is not very difficult to locate the surface return Although the transmit pulse is rather short we have large receive window so that we ensure a surface detection High resolution of the surface s ensured by finely discretising the receive window into smaller bins Each one of the return bins is 2 4cm Even greater resolution of the exact surface is achieved through quadratic interpolation of the peak point and its neighbours The final resolution of the distance to the surface is 1mm Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 27 User Guide Surface Return Dr bak The surface provides a strong return pulse so the surface is 160 not difficult to locate 140 120 e eo Cell Number 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Return Level counts Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 28 CHAPTER 4 Functional Description Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 We strongly recommend that you check that the equipment shown here is included in the delivery
44. em only 92146A 007 6 Spring Washer 92196A 148 6 32 UNC Soc Cap Screw AWAC Transducer Head N2009 013 Assembly 1 4 20 UNC x2 1 4 Soc Cap Screw m e e Plelrlier o O glo A N N R w N UI m UJ Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 86 Appendix 1 Spare Parts and Drawings Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 87 User Guide APPENDIX 2 Returning AWAC for Repair Before any product is returned for repair you must have obtained a Return Mer chandise Authorization RMA in writing from Nortek AS Copy the Proforma Invoice template overleaf or make your own but be sure to include all the information requested in the Proforma invoice Also be sure to include a copy of all shipping and export documents inside the freight box Important Freight insurance on repairs is not covered by Nortek AS You must make sure your goods are properly insured before shipment Nortek AS is by no means liable if the instrument is damaged or disappear while being shipped to Nortek AS for repair Likewise Nortek AS is not liable for conse quential damages as a result of instruments becoming damaged or disappear ing while being shipped to Nortek AS for repair Nortek AS will insure the instrument upon returning the goods to you and invoice you for this along with the repair and freight costs If the instrument is under warranty repair the transport and freight insurance from Nor
45. ent If you remove power and reap ply it the AWAC will reawake with the new baud rate Stop Recorder Deployment Before you tell the AWAC to stop collecting data verify that the computer time is accurate The software will compare the computer time with the AWAC time and you can use this information to quantify clock drifts After you connect the AWAC to your computer click Deployment gt Stop Recorder Deployment or click the corresponding icon When the program tells the AWAC to stop collecting data it displays both the AWAC time and the computer time Keep a record of the differences Recording Data Internally as a Backup You can set the instrument to record data internally along with sending data out the serial port To do this use Online gt Start with recorder or click the corre sponding icon The AWAC has two modes of internal recording The standard mode is to stop recording when the recorder s full The AWAC can also use a wrap around mode in which it keeps only the most recent data overwriting the oldest data when the recorder s full Wrap around data recording makes good sense when you have deployed the AWAC with batteries and want to collect data even if the external power supply fails Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 53 User Guide CHAPTER 7 Getting Data Out of the AWAC This chapter explains how to get the data out of the AWAC by means of the S1 AWAC software If you are going to do
46. es basic trouble shooting including tips on avoiding grounding problems and what to do when the AWAC seems to refuse to communicate with the PC Chapter 10 Use with Other Instruments You can connect up to two analogue sensors to the AWAC typically CT and tur bidity sensors These can be controlled and even powered from the AWAC and their data will be stored in the AWAC s internal memory Chapter 11 Maintenance To keep the instrument in good shape regular maintenance 1s required Appendix 1 Spare Parts and Drawings Drawings to enable you to make frames that fit and a spare parts list Appendix 2 Returning AWAC for Repair In the unlikely event of the need for a return for repair the procedure to follow is given here Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 7 User Guide DETAILS The Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 luus OR nee een ll CR MINE SEITISU ee O T 1 IO BEL VOS NU ee een 11 WE 12 CHAPTER 2 AAD RC 13 Weight and Outline DimenslonS casio EEEE Ea ORA P AO W A GA 13 AT 13 P ILONA ee ee 13 BOS OBS NER TD cO AO 14 Temperature thermistor embedded in Dead aaa ao AAA 14 LO 14 ji 14 TS 14 atat orando AL 6 2 sache OE AO AOS AAA RY s ue ode ds 14 Water SIGN IVC STC ee ee 14 D p er IN ae ee ee 14 Software C AWACJAWACART sacas inuentus O A AEO WAG A 14 au 15 NI 15 UT GP POI SP ITA es ee dee een 15 15 CHAPTER 3
47. est AWAC according to the procedure outlined in Run a Functionality Test in Chapter 5 5 Setthe real time clock in your PC the correct time of day 6 Use AWAC software to plan deployment Click Deployment gt Planning 7 Erase recorder Click Deployment gt Erase Recorder 8 Start deployment Click Deployment gt Start Recorder Deployment 9 Enter a 6 character deployment name 10 Set AWAC time to PC time Click On line gt Set Clock 11 If appropriate set a delayed start up time 12 Disconnect cable and install dummy plug Insert plug pins with silicone spray 13 Verify pinging with an AM radio just prior to deployment 14 Install on site Make sure the acoustic beams point where you want and that they are not obstructed For AST mode vertical orientation is crucial See Mounting Guidelines for tips and hints Deployment planning On the main menu select Planning from the Deployment pull down menu or press the Deployment Planning toolbar button to activate the planning dialogue box The Planning submenu displays three options that may serve as a starting point for your deployment planning e Select Use Existing to start with the previous settings This selection cor responds to the Deployment Planning toolbar button e Select Load From File to read settings from a deployment dep file e Select Load From Instrument to read settings from the instrument The dialogue contains all parameters required to specify the operat
48. etter accuracy but requires more computational power Please note that the number of samples refer to velocity and pressure If Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 The AWAC measures profile and waves sequentially In case of conflict wave measurements have priority over profile measurements However an interpolation is made when you view this in the AWAC software so that the suppressed profile measurement seems to have been made The interpolation follows the data when they are converted to ASCII Observe that the raw file will not contain this interpolation Note This value has no other effect on the actual deployment configuration and the system will not stop after the number of days entered here Note The basis for the battery utilization calculations is an unused 540Wh alkaline battery If you are using a partly depleted battery the calculated percentage will be incorrect If you are using lithium batteries the capacity will increase by a factor of 2 5 AWAC AST 47 User Guide you have the AST option the AST rate is twice the static sampling rate In other words if you set the sampling to 1024 samples at 1 Hz you will have 2048 meas urements of the surface position collected at 2Hz Sampling rate Configuring the AWAC for AST measurements essentially in volves choosing a sampling rate that is logical for the deployment depth the tar get waves and the memory consumption As the AWAC is deployed i
49. file and click Open a deploy0 1 wpr a testtb200310291421 wpr mam EE 4 Files selected will now be inserted in the left column Repeat 3 if you want to convert files from other folders Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 55 User Guide 5 Once you have entered all the files required highlight by selecting the files to be converted and click the arrow between the two columns Data Conversion JoyO1 ri 29 10 2003 13 29 10 2003 13 m 6 You will now be prompted to specify what part of the files you want to con vert Data Conversion 29 10 2003 13 40 25 29 10 2003 13 41 23 F Diagnostics PF Range v HT ka ka a ld 7 To view the contents of a converted file select what part or type you would like to inspect Data Conversion Name __ Starttime Stoptime Size Comme Header hdr RZ Header hdr ps Sensor sen CANortektA elocity 1 2 TE Pa This will start Notepad unless your PC is configured otherwise and show the contents of the selected file Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 56 CHAPTER 7 Getting Data Out of the AWAC The contents of the converted file is shown in Notepad see the previous page for more on this Note To conserve your battery when the AWAC is not being used for a period of time be sure it is not in data acquisition mode The beam numbering system
50. four acoustic transducers and a pressure sensor all visible from the outside The sensor head also holds the following sensors Tilt sensor The tilt sensor is located on the analogue board attached to the head inside the case The tilt sensor orientation is set in accordance with the system orientation during normal operation The standard AWAC s designed for vertical orientation The instrument can be inverted 180 you can use it pointing up or down Temperature sensor The temperature sensor standard on all AWACs is mounted inside the sensor head and has a conductive titan um contact to the water Pressure sensor The pressure sensor is mounted in the AWAC sensor head near the middle transducer To avoid mud assembling on the sensor the pres sure sensor connects to the outside through a narrow hole in the side of the canister Electronics Module The electronics consist of two boards that hold the power transmitter analogue and digital signal processing power conditioning and a 2MB data recorder Compass The compass measures the earth s magnetic field Combined with the tilt sensor on the head the compass enables the AWAC to obtain the heading Without a compass the AWAC still measures tilt These data enables the AWAC to convert velocity measurements to Earth coordinates External Battery Pack You supply power to the AWAC from an external battery pack via the 2 pin con nector or from an externa
51. from the AWAC The echo is received and amplified before it is sectioned up in smaller segments where each segment corresponds to a depth cell When trying to determine the exact position of the depth cells consider the following The size and location of the depth cell are determined both by the transmit pulse length and the size of the received echo segment The receive win dows Mathematically the depth cell is the convolution of the transmit pulse length and the receive window The depth cell does not give equal weight to all points within the cell but is weighted toward the middle When the transmit pulse and the receive pulse are matched as they are in the AWAC the weighting function has a triangular shape Because the velocity of a depth cell is weighted toward the middle of the cell it has become customary to speak of the depth cell size as being half the size of the baseline This last issue sometimes leads to confusion because it implies that the mid point of the first depth cell Z is located further away from the AWAC than what you maybe would immediately think Z Blanking i x Depth cell size Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 24 CHAPTER 4 Functional Description Depth cell positions for an AWAC with 0 5 m depth cells showing mid point and the triangular weighting around the mid point Note that since we use the middle part ofthe received signal as the depth cell the dista
52. g else for example a modem you may get into trouble The problem is that different types of modems handle hard breaks in their own way Certain GSM modems will for example accept a 500ms hard break on the input but they will only output a 100ms hard break which may not be accepted as a break in the instrument To cope with problems like these we have introduced a different type of break called soft break The soft break consists entirely of characters so it can be used with any devices capable of RS232 or RS422 communication There are a couple of things to be aware of Ifthe instrument is in sleep mode it will respond to both hard break and soft break This is why you should send two breaks with the terminal emulator to make sure you have the correct setting e f an instrument equipped with soft break is in sleep mode it will wake up regardless of what baud rate setting you send the soft break with When the instrument is not in sleep mode it will respond to soft break only and only when the soft break is sent with the same baud rate that the instrument is con figured with Again you should send two breaks with the terminal emulator to make sure the break setting works 5 Check the instrument communication and verify that the instrument is alive by activating the Terminal Emulator window select Communication gt Ter minal Emulator and click the Send Break button to send a BREAK signal over the serial port A break causes the
53. go to the Advanced tab 3 Define which analogue input 1 2 or both to use PROFILE is used to sam ple data at the same rate as profile measurements are started while WAVE samples every time an AST wave measurement is started The PROFILE amp WAVE is used to sample data every time a profile or an AST wave meas urement is started Only one of the inputs can be set to sample while wave measurements are made A warning will appear if you attempt to set them both to wave related sampling 4 Check the Output power box The data from the external sensor will not be affected by the AWAC data Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 76 CHAPTER 9 Operational Concerns quality For example the external sensor s data will be totally unaffected even if the AWAC is out of water and thus measuring noise only No powering of the external sensor will take place when the AWAC is in sleep mode This helps reducing the system s power consumption significantly Consequently the external sensor s used must be capable of automatically resuming its duties once the power comes back and they must do this within l sec after power up n order to provide correct data for the first sample Our efforts to reduce the system s power consumption includes a non con stant sampling of the external sensor The input section of the AWAC s analogue input looks like this 5VSEN ANALOG_IN_1 y L2 180R The AWAC s analogue input c
54. he factory the AWAC has a firmware version matching the PC software Hence no firmware upgrade will be needed before you start using the AWAC However new functionality and in rare cases bugfixes is likely to be offered in the future requiring that the firmware is upgraded New firmware is posted on our web site at http www nortek as com support php You will need to register to get access but access is otherwise free of charge To do a firmware upgrade 1 Go to http www nortek as com support php register if this is the first time otherwise log into the User Room click on Software amp Firmware and down load the new firmware file to your computer 2 Click on Configuration gt Firmware Upgrade in the AWAC software browse to the downloaded firmware file and select it 3 You will now be prompted to key in a license key Licencekey x4 Licence key Cancel The license key can be found on the software CD that accompanied your AWAC If you cannot locate it contact Nortek AS for a new license key Bugfix releases are free of charge and can be installed using the accompanying license key However upgrades including new functionality are in general not free of charge The license key that accompanied your AWAC will therefore not work with such new versions Contact Nortek AS if you would like to upgrade to new functionality when available 4 Enter the license key and press OK to start downloading the file into the i
55. he wave condition long waves T gt 8 s gives a strong pressure signal at the bottom and a variation of I m in the pressure signal mean that the wave height is at least the same On the other hand a very weak signal in the pressure sensor variations of only a few cm usually means that the waves are small Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 Tip Use our web site http Iwww nortek as com to get access to the latest tech notes and user experiences regarding i a data analysis AWAC AST User Guide The raw wave velocities will appear noisy even at moderate sea states Only at times with large waves can you expect a smooth signal Even so the noise should not be excessive and it should be possible to see the wave signal when there are significant wave action on the surface Watch out for large jumps or discontinuities this could mean that part of the sampling volume has touched the surface which would render the velocity data invalid e The raw AST signal Here you should look for appearance i e that the data look reasonable and that you have no data loss and above all that the data 1s similar to the pressure measurements Binary Data Files Binary files created by the AWAC program all use the same format whether in ternally recorded or recorded using the real time Record to Disk option Binary data files include a header 50 100 bytes long and each data record whether normal or diagnostic adds 40 bytes The binary
56. ide lobe energy will reflect from the boundary while the main beam is still in the region near the boundary This s called side lobe interference and may af fect the last 10 of the velocity profile for the AWAC The extent to which the sidelobe reflection will contaminate the velocity measurements is a function of the boundary conditions the scattering return strength from the water and the acoustic properties of the transducers Nortek AS has invested considerable research into transducer design in reducing the level of sidelobe energy and hence the possibility of sidelobe interference Our experience has shown that in many conditions the AWAC is able to make accurate velocity measurements all the way to a boundary However you should be aware that there always s a potential for interference and any near boundary data should be analysed carefully To be on the safe side we recommend that the last 10 of the range is excluded from the profile Measuring Waves It is important to remember that the AWAC collects raw wave data Therefore the data by inspection may not be entirely meaningful except for perhaps the AST record This raw data must go through a processing step before it can be used to interpret the waves on the surface The processing will lead to classic wave estimates for height period and direction Unlike the current profile esti mates the wave processing 1s quite complex and is done in post processing The AWA
57. ifications Chapter 3 Technical Description In this chapter you will find a description of the AWAC s technical principles and practical aspects such as the cable pin outs Chapter 4 Functional Description This chapter presents important terminology and provides some of the theory behind the Doppler and AST principles Chapter 5 Preparation An important part of the manual dealing with receiving control installation of the accompanying software and how to calibrate and verify the instrument sen sors performance In addition you will find hints and tips to make you sure that everything works as intended before you deploy your AWAC Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 6 What s in this manual Chapter 6 Setting up for Operation This chapter presents our recommended procedure for data collection including deployment planning and mounting guidelines Chapter 7 Getting the Data Out of the AWAC In this chapter you ll find a description of how to get the acquired data trans ferred to your computer and how to convert the data to ASCII format for further processing in programs like MATLAB or Microsoft Excel Chapter 8 Analysing the Acquired Data The deployment setup software supplied with your AWAC can also be used to view the acquired data This chapter outlines the features of the program Chapter 9 Operational Concerns If things don t work as expected what then This chapter provid
58. ill be questionable when signal levels are down around the noise level around 20 30 counts If your data doesn t look right particularly if you have unrealistic vertical veloci ties consider the possibility that one or more of the beams were blocked If the blockage is somewhere inside the measurement cell of one beam you should see elevated signal strength for that beam If the blockage is closer to the instrument the signal strength may not look very different from the other beams or it could be substantially reduced Grounding Problems Tests in laboratory tanks can sometimes lead to grounding problems which show up as elevated noise levels but only after the instrument is submerged in water You will not automatically see the increased noise level in your data if your signal from the water is above the noise but the increased noise level could look like signal If grounding problems cause elevated noise levels you may be able to reduce your problems by coiling your cable into a tight bundle and raising the cable above the floor 1 e placing it on a chair Also feel free to call NORTEK for fur ther guidance Keep in mind that grounding problems occur around man made structures and are not normally a problem in the field Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 72 CHAPTER 8 Analysing the Acquired Data Mooring tilt Sometimes mounting frames can tilt excessively or even fall over If the AWAC s tilt reading is
59. ing menu lets you specify a start time a name for the deployment and even add notes about the task Tip Remember to keep the unit powered at all time after the deployment has been started Otherwise the correct time may be lost lt e A frame in need of more weight but otherwise OK Tip The best way to hold an AWAC and the external battery pack onto a fixed structure is to clamp it around its circumfer ence Start Recorder Deployment Before you start a deployment either define a new deployment configuration or load a saved configuration from memory Then click Deployment gt Start Re corder Deployment and enter a short deployment name used for the internal data file The program allows you to set the AWAC s internal clock and then gives you a final review on the instrument setup just before you start it up The software creates a log file using your deployment name with the setup param eters You should keep this file in your records Setting the Time and using Delayed Start up The software allows you to set the AWAC time and a delayed start up time when you start the deployment The easiest way to set the AWAC time is to make sure the PC time 1s set correctly before you start the deployment An important reason to set the correct time may be to synchronize a group of AWACS with one another or with other sensors Deployment X Sanat 23102008 m 143500 C Start Now Cancel Name
60. ion of the instrument The Deployment planning pane on the right hand of the dialogue displays performance parameters that are automatically updated as you change the parameter settings When finished press OK to put the changes into effect By using the Open Save commands in the File menu or the corresponding tool bar buttons the deployment parameters can be saved to file at any given time and re loaded when it is time to actually deploy the instrument Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 45 User Guide The deployment planning dialogue allows you to specify the instrument opera tion at two levels Use the Standard tab to configure the system with default set tings for various environments and mounting arrangements Use the Advanced tab to fine tune the operation parameters Note that the Use Advanced Settings box Standard tab must be checked for the advanced settings to be effective To show the advanced parameter settings that correspond with the current standard settings press the Update from Standard button Advanced tab A few Words on AST Wave Measurements As outlined in Chapter 4 Functional Description the Acoustic Surface Track ing AST feature of the AWAC operates much like a standard acoustic range detector The centre beam is used to transmit a very short pulse relative to the Doppler velocity measurements The travel time from the AWAC to the surface and back allows us to estimate the distance to th
61. ircuitry see text for details on functionality DGND To protect the AWAC circuitry against external sensors providing an output voltage 1n excess of 5 0V there s a clamping diode on the input with a cur rent limiting resistor in series The diode will conduct at voltages above ap proximately 5 3V To achieve stable conditions during testing the 5V_SEN net can be powered up from command mode by sending the hex command 435001C4 from the terminal emulator Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 77 User Guide CHAPTER 11 Maintenance Before you assemble a system that involves custom cables power supplies or the like first assemble and test the AWAC using just the cables and battery that come with the system This is the easiest way to get the system to work and if you have trouble you can always return to this setup to confirm that problems are not caused by a faulty instrument Preventive Maintenance Cleaning Clean the AWAC Current Meter regularly Use a mild detergent to clean the AWAC Pay special attention to the transducers Check the pressure sensor and remove any dirt from the two front holes Replacing Desiccant Keep water out of the open pressure case Both fresh and salt water can corrode the circuitry Unscrew the three screws as At least once a year replace the desiccant located inside the AWAC housing as shown to gain access to the shown AWAC interior and replace the
62. l power supply using cable with an 8 pin connector NORTEK alkaline battery packs start life at a voltage of 13 5 VDC or higher The voltage of alkaline batteries falls quickly at the beginning slowly during most of its life then again quickly at the end Thus a 13 5VDC battery pack will spend the largest part of its life somewhere in a voltage range of 10 5 12 5 VDC If you remove power to an instrument that is collecting data it will resume col lecting data again as soon as power is restored When this happens the instru Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 19 User Guide ment s setup will be the same as t was before power was turned off However the time may be lost f the power failure lasts more than about 12 hours Be careful not to exceed the instrument s maximum voltage 18 VDC If you apply power with the wrong polarity a diode protects the instrument from damage Power Requirements Using RS 422 Caution Be sure to use silicone RS422 power requirements are higher than those of RS232 and harder to spray and not silicone grease on predict RS 422 increases sleep power consumption to at least 60mW and it in the dummy plugs and the cables The use of silicone grease on creases operational power consumption by 60 250mW depending on how the these may cause permanent RS 232 RS 422 converter is terminated Since RS 422 is normally used in real damage to the system Silicone time operations you ma
63. ll probably be the best choice If four or more subsets are to be included in the graph then Monochrome with Symbols will help distinguish the different subsets Font Size The graph supports three font sizes Large Medium and Small This gives you the option of selecting the font size that is most readable When print ing the graph a font size of Medium or Small is suggested Numeric precision Defines the number decimals to be used when placing data labels onto the graph and when exporting Text Data via the Export Dialogue box Grid Lines The graph can contain vertical grid lines horizontal grid lines both vertical and horizontal grid lines or no grid lines Grid lines can be made to ap pear in front of the graph Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 66 CHAPTER 8 Analysing the Acquired Data The Plot Tab x General Plot Subsets Axis Font Color Style Comparison Plot Style Points BestFitCurve Points BestFitLine Points Line Points Spline Spline 3D 6 Of C Shadov 3 Mark Data Points Cancel Apply Help Original Export Maximize Axes Lists the axes available for customization context sensitive depends on function viewed when this menu was entered Plot Style The AWAC software supports a multitude of plotting methods De pending on the implementation some plotting methods may not be available Also many but not all of these plotting styles can be set f
64. mmended Procedure pp 43 Deployment planning energie 44 A few Words on AST Wave Measurements pp 45 Deployment Details the Standard TaD rennen 46 Je 48 Start Recorder Deploy meni een 50 Mounting Guidelines ee ne ee TM 50 Tungs 10x onsider when Moni In er 50 we 51 Changing the Baud Ra ee 51 SOP Recorder DIE POSTER esse ee 32 Recording Data Internally as a Backup sen ee ae 52 Getting Data Out of the AWAC Nt 53 Retrieving data trom the strument ee er 53 Converting the retrieved data into ASCII format ette peteret mm erecta diede 54 PO ROP DO 56 Brasme IRE oe Pie en er 56 56 aa 57 Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 11 APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2 AWACASTI9 User Guide Analysing the Acquired Da3 u uu sus 59 Correcting Data Tor Sound Speed Errors pp 59 Viewing a File Downloaded from the AWAC pp 60 US DR 6l Llc Cube E o E AE E EE AE E NIC HERE REN E E 6l Ba CC c 62 PAIS SUNS OS la 62 IST 03 Te ccn EA 63 The Graphical TD 64 Customizing the Display en nen ienen nern 64 The oral de 65 GE 00 use Ta 00 iiS 0 GOOL c 67 Eli Ron S OC P ee 67 do OUI OD T er E 67 HOA CAI cc m 67 I DOLNE a 5 62 0 1 aero na AAAA GZ da Lo EE Habla peri NONE EIER E E EEE EBENE 67 Tbe Different Graphs AvailaDle SERREREENEENEEUINEE
65. mperature readings have stabilized Stop FR Temperature Calibration Head WAY 5029 Please be aware thi data on the recorde Calibrate erased when calibre the temperature sen 1 Known temperature 22 1 SE 2 Press Start to begin data collection 3 Press Stop when the temperature readings have stabilized Stop Please be aware that all data on the recorder will be erased when calibrating the temperature sensor Thu 13 Nav 2003 Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 Tilt sensor verification Click the Sensors tab in the numerical tab part of the main screen and verify that the tilt readings make sense In case of significant deviations contact the factory AWAC AST 35 User Guide Calibrating the Temperature Sensor To calibrate the temperature sensor 1 Connect the AWAC to the computer and let the AWAC be exposed to a con stant temperature for more than 15 minutes to stabilize the temperature read ings from the AWAC 2 Click Online gt Temperature Calibration 3 Use a thermometer with sufficient precision for your task to read the ambient temperature and key in this temperature in the AWAC dialogue box 4 Follow the online instructions Verifying the Tilt Sensor To verify the tilt sensor 1 While the AWAC is connected to the computer place it level on a flat sur face 2 Inthe main screen inspect the heading pitch and roll readings Untitled 1
66. n strument This w ll produce the following box Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 39 User Guide Firmware Upgrade E X Transmitting File To ensure that the AWAC firmware does not become corrupted because the download transmission failed during the download process the AWAC runs a check on the received file before it is allowed to replace the existing firmware Once verified as valid the following dialogue box will appear Please be aware that all data on the recorder will be erased when upgrading firmware Press Cancel ko abort Cancel Just to warn you that any data acquired in the AWAC will be erased to avoid inconsistencies In other words transfer data that you would like to retain to your PC before you upgrade the firmware Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 40 CHAPTER 5 Preparation Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 41 User Guide The AWAC has three different modes of operation Note If you set the AWAC to collect data remove power e Command mode An AWAC in command mode is powered up and ready to and then re apply power later accept your instructions If it gets commands is received for about five min the AWAC will immediately re sume data collection Remem ber that the correct time may be lost utes it automatically goes into power down mode Data Acquisition Mode continuous and burst The AWAC enters data acq
67. n greater and greater depths the benefit of sampling at the higher rate diminishes This is due to the fact that the footprint of the centre beam on the surface starts to approach the size of the waves as the AWAC is moved into deeper waters As a general rule of thumb the sampling should be set to 1 Hz for depths greater than 20 metres and 2Hz for depths less than 20 metres 1024 second Wave Burst 3600 second Wave Interval gt lt 120 second Averaging Start 600 second Profile Interval Profile Mode Wave Mode Profile Measurement Not Made Interval The time between each wave measurement time series Use advanced settings Must be checked for the advanced settings to be effec tive Assumed duration Enter the number of days you would like to collect data This value together with the other deployment parameters and the hardware configuration will be used for calculating the performance parameters 1 e bat tery utilization recorder memory requirements and velocity range Battery utilization The expected battery life based upon total battery capacity and current duty cycle Memory required The recorder memory required to fulfil the planned deploy ment as entered by the user configuration parameters and the planned length of the deployment Vertical Horizontal velocity precision An estimate of the velocity precision of the current profile data along the vertical axis and in the hori
68. nce to mid point of the first cell will be one full cell size Data Collection Near Boundaries When operating near a boundary surface or bottom special consideration must be taken when analys ng data collected near that boundary This section briefly explains data collection concerns for near boundary operations and outlines steps for near boundary data analysis The figure below shows the AWAC profiling range broken down into several regions s Energy Sidelobe Interference 10 of Water Depth The AWAC profiling range broken Pulse Length Equal to Cell Size down into several regions see ff A text for details Measurement Area NEA 1 Ger 1 O 1 yoy yoy AM y Blanking Distance 0 2 1 0 m The first portion of the profile is lost while the system recovers from acoustic Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 25 User Guide transmission This region is referred to as the blanking distance and its size var ies with acoustic frequency No data is collected for a period following the end of the transmit pulse to eliminate any possible interference After the blanking distance the instrument will make velocity measurements in multiple depth cells where the size 1s determined by the user Although most of the acoustic energy is concentrated in a narrow beam some energy is transmitted in all directions As pictured in the figure above this s
69. nted for in processing as well Directional Estimates You will notice that the wave velocity cells seen from above are located in such a way that they construct an equilateral triangle just below the surface looking from the surface downward This projected array 1s designed so that a special type of processing known as the Maximum Likelihood Method MLM may be used after data collection In addition to the wave velocity cells the AST meas urement in the centre of the array 1s included to add a fourth measurement point in the middle of the array The AST is included in the MLM solution to improve upon the accuracy of the directional estimates It is important to note that the directional estimates of short waves will be lim ited by the size of the projected array The size of this array or the horizontal separation distance between cells is dependent upon the deployment depth As the deployment depth increases so does the cell separation The implication of increased separation distance for the array is that the larger the minimum wavelength that can be resolved for directional estimates The rule of thumb is that directional estimates for waves that have a wavelength that is two times the separation distance or greater can be resolved unambiguously AST Acoustic Surface Tracking optional The optional Acoustic Surface Tracking AST feature of the AWAC operates much like a standard acoustic range detector The centre beam is us
70. of old bat teries Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 79 User Guide Corrective Maintenance Only qualified personnel are allowed to perform corrective maintenance activi ties Please refer to the separate service manual or contact NORTEK for further assistance Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 80 CHAPTER 11 Maintenance Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 81 User Guide APPENDIX 1 Spare Parts and Drawings Caution The increased base This chapter provides mechanical drawings and spare parts lists applying to height is available as retrofit AWAC Always refer to the spare part numbers whenever applicable when or for existing short base models Compare your unit with the dering spare parts from NORTEK drawing before you make any AWAQC units with serial number N 5074 engraved in the white top or higher are frame arrangements to avoid that the AWAC won t fit your system fitted with a base height of 63 mm while the old had a base height of 57mm The new version incorporates lids to protect the connectors Mechanical drawings of the new version can be found overleaf Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 82 Appendix 1 Spare Parts and Drawings Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 83 AWAC AST User Guide SV JEHON JUBUAdOD v0 60 07 sIe OUUIJIU Ul BJO SUOISUSWIA 81Oq SIO DDUUOD poloS OJd UII DYMY Coss BullunoW 104 SS9094
71. or a secondary com parison plotting style If the graph has multiple y axes you can control plotting styles for each indi vidual axis by selecting the axis n the axis button group 3D This feature allows you to add three dimensional effects to the plots Off No 3D effect 1s added e Shadow Draw shadows behind bars points and the area of an area graph 3D Bars and area charts are drawn in a 3D fashion Mark Data Points Adds small circular marks at data point locations Comparison Plot Style Not used The Subset Tab customizations xi General Plot Subsets Axis Font Color Style Subsets to Graph t Scrolli Sas aperia M Cancel Apply Help Export Maximize Subsets The subsets tab is used to add annotation to the graphs typically East North Up or Beam 1 Beam 2 Beam 3 Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 67 User Guide The Axis Tab x General Plot Subsets Axis Font Color Style X Axis Linear Log C Auto C Min Max Min Max Min o Max 1024 Cancel Apply Help Export Maximize Axis This tab lets you specify axis type and range Select between linear or logarithmic axes and the following range settings e Auto Graph automatically determines min and max based on data e Min Manually set Min and automatically set Max e Max Manually set Max and automatically set Min e Min Max Manually set both the Min and
72. provides a Untitled 1 AWAC Acoustic Surface Tracking tabulated list of the measured File Communication Deployment Playback View Configuratio U amp E alal 4 current profiles S ne amplitudes in counts for all three Cell No beams to indicate received signal strength Distance m from AWAC The three velocities in the coordinate system used in the deployment Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 62 CHAPTER 8 Analysing the Acquired Data The Wave Tab The Wave Tab shows the position of the cells the AST uses to calculate the waves and their direction Date amp Time of day of when the viewed measurement was started To measure wave direction one cell in each beam is used This is the position of the cell along the vertical beam and this is the size of the cell The minimum and the maximum pressure as detected by the pressure sensor The start position of the AST window measured from the AWAC head The number of samples in each wave burst Battery voltage at the time this measurement started Untitled 1 AWAC Acoustic Surface Tracking The sound speed used Date amp Time SsiLoosition Samples Cell size Battery Min pressure Soundspeed m s C CC Heading pitch roll and temperature at Max pr AST window Start Heading Pitch Roll Size Temperature Clipped m Noise B1 4 the time this measurement N started Th ise fl The A
73. rly if you use High power Design your power supply and cable so that the voltage stays below 16VDC and never falls below 9VDC Changing the Baud Rate You may specify two separate baud rates for the AWAC see also Running a Functionality Test in Chapter 5 for more on this The primary baud rate set ting applies to normal communication and data transfer You can also set a separate baud rate for data download and firmware upgrades the Download configuration baud rate A higher baud rate speeds up large file transfers and is appropriate when you have a short serial cable and a relatively noise free en vironment Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 52 CHAPTER 6 Setting up for Operation Tip If data download is interrupted the AWAC could be left with a baud rate setting other than the one used for normal communication Then when the software tries to connect to the AWAC it may spend a few moments searching for the current baud rate at The Stop Recorder Deployment icon E The Start with Recorder icon The standard baud rate 1s 9600 and you should use this baud rate unless you have a good reason to change it To change the baud rate and make it permanent do the following 1 Setup the AWAC and connect it to your computer 2 Set the baud rate in Communication gt Serial Port to the baud rate you pre fer 3 Start a deployment and then stop it The last step makes the new baud rate perman
74. ronics to recover from the transmit pulse Following the blanking distance the AWAC averages the return signal over a period of time corresponding to the depth cell size selected by the user Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 23 User Guide The profiling range of the instrument is determined by the acoustic frequency and the strength of the scattering return from the water The strength of the re turn signal will decay as the pulse moves further away from the transducer due to the geometric spreading of the sound waves and the absorption of acoustic energy by the water The maximum profiling range is determined when the re turn signal amplitude is not sufficiently greater than the noise level of the system most directly this is monitored by the signal amplitude The maximum profiling range can also be seen by the point at which the standard deviation of velocity estimates starts to increase significantly It is important to remember that the return signals used by the AWAC are very weak Ambient electronic noise and obstructions in the water can have a signifi cant affect on AWAC operation Deployments in areas with large obstructions piers docks etc should be carefully planned to avoid interference with AWAC data collection Position of Depth Cells When measuring the Doppler shift the AWAC starts out by transmitting a pulse The pulse propagates along the acoustic beam and generates an echo as it moves away
75. rors in the measurements In the unlikely event of trouble with your Nortek product first try to identify the problem by consulting the documentation accompanying your Nortek product If you need further assistance when trying to identify the problem please con tact your local Nortek representative or the factory Please make sure you receive a Return Merchandise Authorization RMA before any product or module is returned An RMA can be obtained using our e mail address inquiry nortek no or our Fax No 4767136770 See also Ap pendix 2 Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 Tip Mechanical drawings showing the AWAC s physical dimensions can be found in Appendix 1 CHAPTER 2 AWAC AST User Guide Main Data This chapter provides the technical specifications of your AWAC Weight and Outline Dimensions Transport weight 40kg transport box all inclusive Transport box dimensions 0 70 x 0 38 x 0 11 m wxIxh Weight in air 5 6kg Weight in water 2 5kg Height 0 17m Diameter 0 21m Power DC Input 9 16 VDC Battery DC input Nominal voltage 13 5 18V Absolute maximum DC input voltage 18 6 V Peak current 2A Operating power consumption 1 W typical Environmental Operating temperature 5 C to 35 C Storage temperature 20 C to 45 C Shock and vibration IEC 721 3 2 Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 13 14 CHAPTER 2 Main Data Sensors Temperature thermi
76. sAprz O0s22201 a3 1 Amplitude cell 1 Beams C counts 2 Amplitude Cell 2 Beams Ccaurnts n Amplitude cell n Beams Ccaurnts b sen 1 Month 1 127 2 Day LSL 3 Year 4 Hour gt 23 5 Minute 0 59 5 second 0 59 Error code B8 Status cade G Battery voltage CV 10 sounds peed cm s ile Heading degrees 12 Pitch degrees 13 Roll degrees 14 Pressure m 15 Hur degrees C 16 Analog input 1 17 Analog input 2 Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 59 User Guide CHAPTER 8 Analysing the Acquired Data The software supplied with your AWAC has been designed to provide you with the ability to set up the AWAC for deployment upgrade the firmware download acquired data do a quality assurance of the downloaded data and convert the acquired data to ASCII format to take advantage of general post processing soft ware programs like Microsoft Excel and MATLAB For an in depth analysis of the current profiling and the wave data we recom mend the Nortek ExploreWave software program which 1s available separately The wave processing made in ExploreWave is purely post processing not affect ing the raw data itself This means that the wave parameters can be calculated and recalculated repeatedly with no risk of destroying the raw data This chapter deals with the capabilities of the AWAC software program Correcting Data for Sound Speed Errors If you enter the wrong salinity the A
77. sed to select the type of data to be displayed Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 Tip Verify performance before you deploy You probably want to verify that your configuration works well and that you are going to record meaningful data before you deploy the AWAC and leave it on its own see also Chapter 5 Do not forget to erase any data recorded by the AWAC before the deployment is started if stor age capacity is crucial AWAC AST 43 User Guide data acquired to the internal recorder in addition to have the data transferred to the remote computer This is called Recorder Data Collection as opposed to just Data Collection The AWAC may also be used together with up to two analogue sensors or with a controller When used with a controller the controller may serve as an external storage device and it may provide power and sampling control thus creating a very sophisticated system All this 1s treated in more detail in Chapter 10 Use with Other Instruments Installation of the AWAC software is described in the previous chapter The AWAC Software Main Menu Operation of the AWAC Current Meter s controlled from the main menu see side bar The main menu is divided into 9 areas 1 The top menu gives easy access to all functions included in the AWAC soft ware 2 The second row the icon bar contains shortcuts to main functions Click on the preferred icon to access the preferred function
78. stor embedded in head Range 4 C to 30 C Accuracy Resolution 0 1 C 0 01 C Time response Approximately 10 min Compass flux gate with liquid tilt Maximum tilt 30 Accuracy Resolution 2 0 1 Tilt liquid level Accuracy Resolution 0 2 0 1 Up or down Automatic detect Pressure piezoresistive Range 0 50 m standard Accuracy Resolution 0 25 Better than 0 005 of F S per sample Data Communication 1 0 RS232 or RS422 Baud rate 300 115200 user setting User control Handled via AWAC or AWAC AST software Water Velocity Measurements Velocity range 10m s horizontal 5m s along beam inquire for higher ranges Accuracy 1 of measured value 0 5cm s Doppler uncertainty Waves 2 7cm s at 1 Hz for Im cells Current profile 0 5 1 cm s typical Software AWAC AWAC AST Operating systems Windows 95 98 Windows 2000 Windows NT Windows XP Stand alone operation Deployment planning start with alarm logging to inter nal recorder Data download for intermittent connections Intelligent dial up scheduler with download of latest data 1s optional and can be ordered separately at any time Long cables RS422 over cables up to 5 km Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 15 User Guide GSM phone link Direct communication over GSM modem optional can be ordered separately at any time Radio link Transparent requires compatible
79. t all data on the recorder will be erased when calibrating the compass Y counts AWAC AST 37 User Guide alibrate Rotate the instrument slowly at least 360 degrees around the 4 Click Start and rotate the entire system slowly 360 around the z axis of the AWAC An example of successful rotation 1s shown below 5 To utilize the obtained values click Done You will be prompted to confirm that the new values shall be transferred to the AWAC to serve as the new compass setting i Compass Calibration Offsets de dr Tilt Heading 305 3 Fitch 0 3 Roll 1 3 Estimated maximum error after calibration deg 1 Please be aware that all data on the recorder will be erased when calibrating the compass Calibrate Y counts Rotate the instrument slowly at least 360 degrees around the Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 38 CHAPTER 5 Preparation The License Key dialogue box will appear when attempting to upgrade the firmware Note The license key is based on a specific AWAC serial num ber Hence it applies to one specific AWAC only It cannot be used to upgrade the firm ware of an AWAC with a differ ent serial number Upgrading the Firmware By the term firmware we are referring to the internal software of the AWAC as opposed to the AWAC software running on a PC and described in this manual When you purchase a brand new AWAC from t
80. t hesitate to try a different computer May we also recommend that you verify your serial port and cable with a serial loop back test The serial loop back test serves to verify that the serial port can receive the same characters as it sends To run a serial loop back test 1 First make a loop back connector and plug it into your serial port Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 AWAC AST 73 User Guide Make a serial loop back connector by soldering pins 2 and 3 together as shown Now run the test with the AWAC s built in terminal emulator and if that doesn t work try HyperTerminal instead a terminal program that comes with Windows 2 Type characters whatever you type should be echoed to the screen Once you remove the connector the characters stop echoing back To test your interface cable Plug the cable into the computer and put a loop back connector on the end of the cable If your serial cable passes the test and you still cannot wake up the instrument there is a chance that your cable is a null modem cable if so it crosses wires 2 and 3 You can test this by substituting a different cable or by using a null mo dem adaptor in series with the cable which crosses the wires 2 and 3 back Data transfer problems The members of the Windows family of operating systems are not identical when it comes to transferring data to the serial port at high speeds 115kB is the highest a PC can do
81. tek AS to you will be covered by Nortek AS Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 gt gt Proforma Invoice NORTEK AS SENDER Exporter RECEIVER Name DEN Name Nortek AS Address Vangkroken 2 Address City NO 1351 Rud Country Norway d MEER Tel 4767174500 Fax 47671367 70 ZDUNY OS E mail inquiry nortek no Tel Po Contact Jonas R stad About the Goods Date 1 No of Units weightl Delivery Terms Customs Account No 28605 56 Description of Goods Origin NO Value Reason for Export Exporter s signature NORTEK AS Nortek AS Vangkroken 2 NO 1351 Rud Norway Tel 47 67174500 Fax 47 67136770 inquiry nortek no www nortek as com
82. tion when test ing is complete This puts the AWAC into command mode and it will then enter into a sleep state the lowest pos sible power consumption after 5 minutes of inactivity AWAC AST 33 User Guide Defining pitch and roll Tilt and rotate the AWAC to verify that the readings are sensible Temperature should be close to the ambient temperature assuming that the AWAC has been exposed to a constant temperature for at least an hour The temperature sensor is located inside the sensor head e Pressure should be near zero Check the pressure sensor in 50cm deep water e Battery voltage shall be greater than 13 VDC new battery Test the recorder function You can test the recorder with the same setup as the above Do as follows 1 Test the data collection by first clicking On line gt Start With Recorder Write a name to use for the file you will record internally in the AWAC After a few minutes acquiring data stop the data collection 2 3 4 Retrieve the data by clicking Deployment gt Recorder Data Retrieval 5 Convert it to ASCII by clicking Deployment gt Data Conversion 6 Review the data acquired with an ASCII text editor 1 e Notepad Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 34 CHAPTER 5 Preparation Starting with an Empty Memory To erase the AWACs contents of data 1 Make sure that any data you want to retain are transferred to your computer if applicable and that the data is
83. ul sition mode when you click any of the Start commands i e Start Recorder Deployment in the AWAC software Power Down Mode This mode saves power during deployments and pre vents your battery from dissipating between deployments The AWAC au tomatically powers down from command mode after about five minutes of inactivity The AWAC software program has been designed to aid you in the planning execution recovery and processing of autonomous AWAC deployments The software also contains a test section including all functions required to operate the AWAC in real time applications where the operation and data acquisition are monitored from a computer Whether you intend to use the AWAC in autonomous or real time monitoring applications the setup procedure is essentially the same Autonomous Deployment vs Online Monitoring Although designed primarily for autonomous deployments the AWAC may just as well be used n monitoring applications with online connection to a remote computer For back up you may then set up the AWAC to record a copy of all Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 42 CHAPTER 6 Setting up for Operation The main screen Deployment Convert Stop disk of the AWAC planning the data recording software New file Save Stop recorder Start About the program deployment recorder data software J collection oe Ze Q9 REG v v Mire di a h The menu bar provides easy
84. use the Find first peak which allow you to specify a threshold Peaks lower than this threshold will then not be taken into consideration when looking for the surface Threshold is in internal units of counts Note The use of analogue Analogue inputs The instrument can read two analogue inputs at the same Inputs requires a special internal time The input range is 0 5V where OV equals 0 counts 5V equals 65 535 harness Some systems are equipped with this at the time counts and 2 5 V equals 32 768 counts of purchase However you n may also purchase the harness Profile Wave or Profile amp Wave specifies whether to sample data at the start of separately and upgrade the a profile sampling of a wave sampling or both Only one analogue input can be AWAC used in the wave cycle Check the Output power box to supply power from the instrument to your ex ternal sensor The voltage output is fixed at the time of production to either 5 V 12V or to the instrument voltage File wrapping If checked data is logged to the internal instrument recorder in ring buffer mode This ensures that the recorder always holds the latest data If not checked data logging will stop when the recorder is full File wrapping off is normally only used in on line systems The Deployment planning is described under the previous section the Standard tab Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 50 CHAPTER 6 Setting up for Operation The time sett
85. y supply the additional required power from an external grease should be applied to the power source O rings only Power amp Communication Cable The power and communication cable is mounted to the external connector The cable supplies external DC power 9 16 V and connects an external computer to the AWAC for 2 way serial communication Cable Wiring The power connector pin out The AWAC comes standard with an 8 conductor connector and cable The sig nals that are available in the AWAC depend on the internal harness that has been installed Any one of the harnesses described in the tables below can be used The AWAC power and battery lines are diode protected so you don t have to worry about wiring the AWAC power backwards this will not damage your instrument RS 232 cable with analogue inputs Underwater connector Termination Purpose se en The 8 pin D sub Be esz C eie connector pin out T pair sub RS232 ground twisted female pair Facing sockets 5678 7 me meris wie air looking at the pins air 3 bare wires for grounds connected internally to power ground The 8 pin underwater connector pin out Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 20 CHAPTER 3 Technical Description 8 conductor cable wiring RS 422 communication Underwater connector connector Termination P 1234 sn E Dsub in num 8 White orange RS422 Rx pair 1 Fa
86. zontal plane Compass update rate and power level Information about how often the com pass will be read and how much energy the AWAC will send into the water These values can be altered in Advanced planning Doc No N3000 126 Revision E 09 2005 48 CHAPTER 6 Setting up for Operation The Advanced Tab Average interval The period during which the AWAC should be act vely meas uring through the measurement interval The sensor will be in sleep mode the remaining part of the measurement interval Blanking distance The distance from the sensor to the start of the measurement area See Measurement Area Blanking Wave Measurement Area in Chapter 4 for an illustration of this Measurement load Within each second the instrument can either be in active mode collecting data or in idle mode not collecting data The Measurement load is the relative time spent in active mode within each second and can have value from 0 no data collection to 100 always in active mode The measure ment load can be increased to improve the velocity precision at the expense of increased power consumption The deployment dialogue box __ TWYM has two levels Standard and Advanced The two Standard Advanced are accessed by clicking Deployment planning the corresponding tab This Curent profile Power level screenshot shows the contents RGerene ne va tst ER Assumed duration days en ofthe Advanced tab panes See

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