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(GIAS) by Dr. Raj Mehta

1. recommended to give you at least Terminal Account functionality E mail client e g Eudora Browser client e g Netscape Navigator and or Internet Explorer Ftp client e g either WS_FTP Cute FTP Telnet client IRC client e g an MIRC client Finger client Whois client etc Here we will discuss installation of only E mail and Browser clients these require a bit of configuration from http www shareware com You For example for Mumbai 202 54 1 18 After Your Windows 95 is End the procedure Once you are connected with The resources for use of the as was the case They all will have to be installed as The following are some of the clients as may download some other clients Their installation is usually fairly simple Configuring This document explains how to configure mailing client for a TCP IP as well from Qualcomm site and format Execute th download the program file for the version before this eul301man EUDORA 3 0 1 as for Terminal accounts Incorported s website at http www qualcomm com eul301l exe and the pdf The manual frl Eudora Mailing application software for your TCP IP account which is a freeware It is available Go to the file which is a manual is in Adobe s pdf It explains most of the features of this version ul301 exe and follow the installation guided by a setup 54 wi
2. Fig 3 2 Second screen you ll see when you logon to VSNL s Terminal a c Last login Sat May 24 12 16 35 from 202 54 4 53 DECnet OSI for Digital UNIX V3 2A 0 Rev 23 17 Thu Sep7 11 16 08 EDT Digital UNIX V3 2G Rev 62 Mon Mar 17 20 10 08 IST 1997 Digital UNIX V3 2G Worksystem Software Rev 62 kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkxkkkk VSNL INDIA S GATEWAY TO THE WORLD WELCOMES YOU TO SURF THE CYBERSPACE FF HF HF kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkxk You have mail YOUR USAGE TIME IN HOURS OUT OF 500 HOURS REMAINING HOURS 431 28 EXPIRY DATE 17 11 1997 usage between last two updates 15000 seconds Usage is updated once a day Last updated on 24 05 97 at 03 14 hrs You are requested to change your password regularly Password should be a combination of characters and numerics to avoid any guessing Press lt Enter gt to continue At this point as you press lt enter gt to proceed the First Menu screen will appear with 10 items as shown in Fig 3 4 Fig 3 4 First Menu screen l VIDESH SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED 23 WELCOME TO VSNL INTERNET ACCESS SERVICE UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS PROHIBITED Select options by no H Help List of commands on UNIX Prompt 0 Logout Logout of the system 1 E mail Electronic mail service 2 FTP File Tran
3. To see what kind of a file it is press V ViewAttch to view the attachment which will display the name of the attached file or files An example of an attached text file is shown in Fig 4 9 Fig 4 9 View of Attachment PINE 3 91 ATTACHED TEXT Folder INBOX Message 14 of 14 ALL VANAAAAANAAANANAAANAAAAAN AAAS AN AAANAAAAANAA NAAN AAANAAAAANAAASANAAANANN Raj Mehta Phone No 91 22 202 9296 E mail rajm giasbm01 vsnl net in rajm svpal org 1111111111111111 ALL of message text Help E Exit Viewer PrevPage Y prYnt Spc NextPage S Save W WhereIs In order to save the file type S as shown in the commands menu at the bottom of the screen in Figure 9 The attachment is now saved in your VSNL account home directory How to download this file to your computer will be discussed in the section titled Downloading 4 10 Replying to a message To reply to a message that you have selected at the Folder Index screen or that you are viewing Type R Reply You are asked whether you want to include the original message in your reply and in case it had been sent also to other persons besides yourself you are further asked if you want to reply to all recipients In the latter case think carefully before you answer as you may not want to send your reply to more than just the author of the message Finally it is always a good idea to verify that the addresses in the To and Cc fields are correct before you send a messag
4. Client Software newswatcher2 0 sit hqz gz at ftp srce doc ic ac uk packages mac umich util comm usenet d File Transfer Protocol FTP One of the popular client for FTP is Fetch This is also a freeware Client Software fetch 3 0 3 sit hqx at http www shareware com On the above site search for fetch for Macintosh platform You will get a long list of items and one of them will be the above mentioned program e Gopher software Gopher is generally not a popular service on the Internet but has lot of information pre WWW era One client software Turbogopher is quite an adequate one Client Software TurboGopher2 0 3 sea at gopher boombox micro umn edu 70 hh gopher Macintosh TurboGopher f Inter Relay Chat IRC There are two popular freeware clients for this service of Internet mIRCle and WSIRC Client Software mIRCle Client Software WSIRC 0 ftp srce doc ic ac uk computing comms irc clients macintosh g Telnet Software NCSA Telnet is a good freeware for Telnet client Client Software NCSA Telnet at ftp micros hensa ac uk micros mac finder j j164 j164ncsa hqx Important Note Please note that the author is not familiar with Mac platform and has not used it He has surfed the net to get these suggestions for the client software If you use any of these clients your feedback to the author will be much appreciated Modem considerations time Ear acce
5. 7 Login to BANGALORE SERVER giasbg01 8 Login to AHEMADABAD SERVER adl 9 Login to HYDERABAD SERVER hdl 10 Login to LUCKNOW SERVER lwl 11 Login to CHANDIGARH SERVER chl 12 Login to JAIPUR SERVER jpl 13 Exit Enter your choice Once you have selected the city to log on to you are on the server on your home town and then you can log on like you normally do and proceed with the work you wish to accomplish b Roaming TCPIP Dial up Facility VSNL has offered roaming TCPIP dialup facility to give full Internet access for customers who are moving from one GIAS DOT node to another Customer needs to provide full e mail address at username prompt as follows Username sonia giasbm01 vsnl net in Password XxXxXxXXX Authentication will be done at the respective centre where the customer is registered TCPIP Access numbers for GIAS Bombay gt 2659385 2641479 4315835 Delhi 3365800 3363700 3733795 Calcutta 3374004 3215984 3215984 3212072 3347696 Madras 567196 560564 Pune 887815 Bangalore 2250601 Jaipur 320062 320063 314030 31 32 44 45 46 47 48 3 6 Logging on to your Shell or Terminal Account from Anywhere in the World If you are one of the lucky ones who is roaming around the world and want to check your mail in on any VSNL server you can do that However to be able to do that you will have to have access to someone s acc
6. How do you obtain your Internet Protocol IP address If you dialup TCP IP account you will have to mark the radio button My Internet Service Provider automatically assigns me one However if you have leased line you will have to mark Always use the following In this instance you will have to give the fixed IP address assigned to you Now press Next to go ahead 16 You will come to the window DNS Server Address Enter the Internet Protocol IP address of your DNS Domain Name Server server You may also specify an alternate server to try if the main DNS server cannot be reached Appendix C gives this information for different cities in India where currently VSNL is providing this service DNS Server is 202 54 1 30 and Alternate DNS Server is you have 17 Now you will come to the window now configured for making TCP IP connection to VSNL by pressing supplied this information proceed by clicking on Next Finished Setup Finish B 4 Internet TCP IP applications TCP IP is a TCP IP you Internet lie on your computer and not at the VSNL server versatile communication protocol are sitting right on the Internet with the Terminal account For the TCP IP account to be useful facilities as the Terminal account client applications on your computer you should have at least as many
7. Internet software such as Chameleon and Internet in a Box usually has many of these applications bundled in Application software packages for networking employ a design called client server architecture where the software sitting on the PC i e your software package is optimized for ease of use and may be referred to as the client The host computer of an Internet node with which it is interacting may be referred to as the server Thus in the context of Internet software a client is an application software package See also the discussion given in Appendix G For the Windows 95 the TCP IP stack software supplied with it has to be installed which is a somewhat complicated task Details of configuring some of the above mentioned software are given in Appendix B In any case my suggestion is to contact the VSNL helpdesk or VSNL s marketing agents 2 3 Tariff Proposed for VSNL World Wide Web WWW Service a Tariff per A4 size page per annum SETUP CHARGES UPDATE CHARGES RENTAL CHARGES One time amp first Yearly payable year rental from second year Rs 5000 for text Rs 1000 per page Rs 5000 per page Per page plus Rs 1000 for each paragraph The minimum rental will be four pages of information of Rs 20 000 per annum 20 cC Tariff for CGI Common Gateway Interface enabled application Users
8. Rs 60 lakhs Rs 48 0 lakhs 2 MBPS Rs 50 000 Rs 100 lakhs Rs 80 0 lakhs NOTE FOR EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS For government recognized educational institutions and government 18 scientific organizations 64 Kbps access is provided at Rs 4 Lakhs per annum and higher speed connections are charged at n X 64 Kbps tariff for a line bandwidth of n times 64 Kbps In this book we primarily discuss the Terminal account and to a much lesser extent the TCP IP account Please s Appendix D for more discussion about leased lines b Where to go and what to do The procedure involved in getting either the Terminal account or a TCP IP account is the same Basically there are two steps to obtaining the account The first step is to get a modem for your computer which is approved by DOT for use on telephone lines The next step is to contact the VSNL customer relations section in your city in Mumbai Tel No 262 4020 ext 2044 or 2222 and get an application form and brochure Fill up the application attach the required Demand Draft taken in favor of VSNL and send it to the customer relations section Within a short time you will be informed of your login name and password c Terminal Account I Hardware Requirements The minimum requirement for accessing the Terminal account is either a VT100 VT220 type of terminal or a DOS machine A 80386 processor machine with an ad
9. leased lines These lines are being upgraded to 64 Kbps links Over 200 academic and R amp D groups exchange email with each other using ERNET Over 8000 scientists and technologists have access to ERNET facilities International access is provided over a 64 Kbps leased line from NCST communication system to enable ERNET to reach locations which do not have good data communication links b Gateway Internet Access Service GIAS On August 15th 1995 Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited VSNL the India s Gateway to the World launched the Gateway Internet Access Service GIAS for the first time on commercial basis in the country VSNL has setup 6 nodes that were established at Mumbai Delhi Chennai Calcutta Bangalore and Pune Each GIAS node is connected to Internet via high speed circuits from one of the following service providers MCI KDD Japan TELECOM ITALIA TELEGLOBE Total of approximately 16 Mbps is available to India VSNL has got other access nodes at Ernakulam Keonics and Cochin VSNL in coordination with DOT has also launched Internet services at Lucknow Hyderabad Kanpur Chandigarh Dheradun Jaipur and Guwahati Users in remote areas of India can reach GIAS service via I NET The Department of Telecommunication DOT has a wide spread network in India called I NET which
10. you can press G Get Help at any time to see details about your current task Hints for Writing Messages he multiple E mail addresses with commas When you are finished press Enter gt If you type in only the userid login name of your recipient he Pine program first checks the nicknames file of your Address Book he right hand part immediately after the symbol of your intended ecipient s address is the same as yours e g giasbm0l vsnl net in 5 n both the To and the Cc fields for accuracy and completeness befor u send a message KMEoRtOtA CH O H J e best way to get a person s email address is to ask him or her for it or more information on finding and formatting email addresses on local nd remote computers press G Get Help in the To field gal w by typing it in full or you can type a short nickname previously entered by you in your Pine Address Book described below n the To field type the email addresses of your recipients Separate iscussed below If what you typed in is not a nickname Pine assumes that less you explicitly type in the correct one Always check the addresses In both the To and the Cc fields you can enter a person s email address 33 In the Cc field type the email addresses of the persons to whom you want to send copies Separate their addresses with commas When you are finished or if you do not want to
11. 54 1 30 202 54 1 24 202 54 1 24 202 54 1 24 Delhi 202 54 1 30 202 54 15 1 202 3 549 202 54 15 1 Delhi 202 54 1 30 2 54 15 30 202 54 15 30 202 54 15 30 Calcutta 202 54 1 30 202 54 9 1 202 454 9301 202 54 9 1 Madras 202 54 1 30 202 54 6 1 202 54 6 1 202 54 6 1 Madras 202 54 1 30 202 54 6 20 202 54 6 20 202 54 6 20 Pune 202 54 1 30 202 54 10 1 202 54 10 1 202 54 10 1 Bangalore 202 54 1 30 202 54 12 17 202 54 12 17 202 54 10 17 Bangalore 202 54 1 30 202 54 12 6 202 54 12 6 202 54 12 6 Ahmedabad 202 54 1 30 202 54 1 18 202 54 4 114 202 54 1 114 Hyderabad 202 54 1 30 202 54 30 1 202 54 30 1 202 54 30 1 Guwahati 202 54 1 30 202 101 167 65 202 101 167 65 202 101 167 65 Chandigarh 202 54 1 30 202 54 25 1 202 54 25 1 202 54 25 1 1 Jaipur 202 54 1 30 202 54 24 1 202 54 24 1 202 54 24 1 Lucknow 202 54 1 30 202 54 31 1 202 54 31 1 202 54 31 1 Panjim 202 54 1 30 202 54 1 1 202 5411 202 54 1 1 Kanpur 202 54 1 30 202 54 31 1 20254 9151 202 54 31 1 The domain for all these servers is vsnl net in World wide WEB Servers of VSNL help address IP address www vsnl net in E202 654232 dns vsnl net in 202 54 1 30 web vsnl net in 202 54 4 13 news vsnil net in 202 54 1 25 Network News Transport Protocol Server 49 Dial up phone numbers for Terminal and TCP IP accounts Access numbers for GIAS Node Terminal Dialup TCP I
12. Internet Newsserver is now be operative at VSNL and it can be accessed by a newsgroup client or using pine as described in this chapter You can collect the form to apply for an account with GIAS from VSNL marketing department Appendix A gives some very practical details which anyone using GIAS system will need especially for the TCP IP account Appendix B describes how to configure your software either Windows 3 x or Windows 95 for the TCP IP account It also deals with configuring a Netscape browser and Eudora E mail client Appendix C gives some considerations about modems and trouble shooting in case of noisy lines Appendix D gives a discussion about what resources are needed as well as the procedure involved in obtaining and maintaining a dedicated leased data line Appendix E gives a feedback form It will be very much appreciated if after some use of the book and consequent exploration the user takes a few minutes to fill it out and send it to the address given on the form This feedback will help immensely to tailor the future editions of the book to cater to the users needs TCP IP account gives the users a better and easier interface As a result they feel encouraged to use the Internet but this use remains generally limited to the Web and Email and they do not tend to explore the other aspects of Internet Internet has much more to offer I feel that a familia
13. Main Menu of Pine and type I FOLDER INDEX If you have any messages they would be listed as shown in Fig 4 7 Fig 4 7 Pine Folder Index Screen O OTHER CMDS V ViewMsg N NextMsg Spc Next Page U Undelete F Forward 4 PINE 3 90 FOLDER INDEX Folder INBOX Message 3 of 3 NEW D 1 Jan 10 Juri Vilms 486 Proposal A 2 Jan 10 Jim LaBrie 500 NSF N 3 Jan 11 Dr Raj Mehta 448 Test Help M Main Menu P PrevMsg Prev Page D Delete R Reply 4 5 he first column on the left shows the message status It may be blank or it ay contain N if the message is new unread if the message was sent irectly to you it is not a copy or from a list A if you have answered he message using the Reply command or D if you have marked the messag or deletion The rest of the columns in the message line show you the essage number date sent sender size and subject For details press Help Most of the commands you need to handle your messages are listed at he bottom of the screen You can type O Other Commands to see the additional commands that are available but you do not need to see these commands on the screen to use them That is you never need to type O as a prefix for any other command tAnBMmMAOBH The selected message is highligh
14. Web 7 2 puting and exiting lynx User Manual Search the Net Internet Tools Exotic Indian Links News Archive Travel India amp World Know Your Habitat Sports World Technical World Public News Servers 7 3 What i is an URL 7 4 Logging on to a WEB site 7 5 Maneuvering around a WEB page using keys rm seroaoo p 7 1 Saving a site address and Using the Bookmark file 10 11 12 13 14 7 2 Saving the current page to your account 7 3 Searching a site for a particular string 7 4 Other useful commands 7 5 Searching the WEB for information 7 6 Other services accessible via lynx 7 7 Downloading software 7 8 Leaning more about lynx IRC INTERNET RELAY CHAT 8 1 What is IRC 8 2 Getting started 8 3 Basics of IRC 8 4 Annotated Example of IRC Session 8 5 Some suggestions for IRC servers and channels 8 6 More information about IRC FILE TRANSFER USING KERMIT PROTOCOL 9 1 Sending files to VSNL 9 2 Receiving files from VSNL 9 3 Server mode of file transfer to and from VSNL NEW PASSWORD ZMODEM DOWNLOAD ZMODEM UPLOAD THE UNIX PROMPT 13 1 Pine 13 2 Ftp 13 3 Telnet 13 4 Lynx 13 5 Irc 13 6 Kermit 13 7 passwd 13 8 sz amp rz 13 9 menu 13 10 Is 13 11 rm 13 12 mail 13 13 cat 13 14 more 13 15 tail 13 16 pico Newsgroups 14 1 Introduction 14 2 Newsgroups and News Group system Organization 14 3 Using the TIN Newsreader Subscribing to a Newsgroup Unsubscribing to a Newsgroup Rea
15. as add delete and rename folders ii By Goto Folder If you simply want to move to and list the messages in a folder othe than the INBOX try the method given here as it takes you most quickly to the list index of another folder Type G Goto Fldr a e do Y nd then type the name of the desired folder at the prompt If you forget the name press T ToFldrs and select a folder using the commands the bottom of the screen Then press lt Enter gt The list of messages i the folder is now displayed on the screen d Deleting a Folder To delete a folder and all of the messages it contains type L Folder List Use the arrow keys to highlight a folder Type D Delete You ar asked Really delete folder Type y yes if you want to do that The folder and its contents are now gone from your VSNL account and there i no way to undelete a deleted folder 4 12 Saving a message in your account at VSNL When you save a message you are given a choice you can store it in the saved messages folder or you can specify another folder Once you save a message the copy in the INBOX folder is automatically marked for deletion that you will only have one copy When you quit Pine you are asked to confirm whether or not you want to expunge the copy from the INBOX folder conserve space you are strongly advised to do this a Saving a Message to the Saved Messages Folder In Pin
16. folder If you want to s the messages in another folder you need to go to that folder There are two ways to do that from nearly anywhere in Pine which are described below i By Folder List To access your folders and the messages that are stored in them type L Folder List which gives the Folder List screen as shown in Fig 4 10 with your current folder highlighted Fig 4 10 Folder List Screen e e e a e a ae a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a ae a ao a a a ae a a a a a ae a ae a a ao ae a a a ao a a a a ae a gt o a a e e PINE 3 90 FOLDER LIST Folder INBOX 3 Messages INBOX sent mail saved messages 101class Help M Main Menu P PrevFldr PrevPage D Delete R Rename O OTHER CMDS V ViewFldr N NextFldr Spc NextPage A Add a a e a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a ae a ao a a ae ae a ao a a a ae a a a a a ae a a ao ao ao a a a a a gt a a a a e 42 Type N or P or use the arrow keys to highlight a folder To see the list of messages in that folder type V ViewFldr or press lt Enter gt This takes you to the FOLDER INDEX screen with the index or list of messages displayed for the folder which is identified in the top lin for example Folder SENTI MAIL Note that this method of moving between folders takes you to the Folder List screen which has a menu of commands that enable you to such things
17. if you cannot remember whether you actually sent a message or if you want to send a message again Keeping Folders Clean M st ssages whet orage space her they are in your INBOX or your other Pine folders occupy and your storage space is limited In order to keep the system functioning efficiently for everyone s use it is important that u strictly follow the maintenance measures detailed below yo Mo Wh Check your e mail frequently to see if you have any new messages Do not keep too many messages in your INBOX folder A large INBOX reduces performance you start Pi Delete your save them to Routinely de It takes longer to display large lists of messages when ne and it requires more time to move between messages incoming messages right away if you do not want them or other folders if you do ete obsolete messages from all of your Pine folders You will get ntire sent a monthly message via Pine that asks if you want to delete mail folders and all the messages they contain from previous months To conserve space it is a good idea to do this If you choose to de lete such sent mail type y ving Between Folders en you start Pine the current folder is the INBOX If you press FOLDER INDEX at the Main Menu you see the list of messages in your INBOX
18. node in India Fig 1 2 Domains under in with net ernet and co in 4 net ernet co 15 mafatll Indiaworld shakti saathi 4 4 giasdl101 giasbm01 giasma giascl01 giaspn0l giasmd01 giasbg01 This scheme distributes the responsibility of keeping track of all the new additions of computers to the Internet Within each category or hierarchy this is done by the designated domain administrator or authority For example under the sub domain net is the sub domain vsnl which is responsible for all the hosts they may have e g giasbma giasdl01l giascl0Ol etc VSNL comes under net because they are a network service provider The server or host on which our Terminal accounts reside is giasbm01 under vsnl An example of a full Internet address under this arrangement is surekha giasbm01 vsnl net in Reading from left to right this is the mail address for the user known as surekha on the server called giasbm01 This server is in the organizational sub domain vsnil net This organization is located in the national domain in India VSNL s server in Delhi giasd1l01 is also in the same subdomain vsnl net in and an address on that machine will look like ravi giasdl0l vsnl net in If the organization has a large number of systems then the organiza
19. own email address and press lt Enter gt 3 In the Cc field press lt Enter gt 4 In the Attachment field press lt Enter gt 5 In the Subject field type Test and press lt Enter gt 6 Below the Message Text line type This is a test If a user for example Raj Mehta with userid rajm at site giasbm0l vsnl net in were to compose such a test message th completed screen would look like Fig 4 3 the example shown below 32 Fig 4 3 Example of Filled in Compose Message Screen PINE 3 90 COMPOSE MESSAGE Folder INBOX 2 Messages To Dr Raj Mehta lt rajm giasbm01 vsnl net in gt Cc Attchmnt Subject Test sae Message Text This is a test G Get Help X Send R Read File Y Prev Pg K Cut Text O Postpone C Cancel J Justify W Where is V Next Pg U UnCut Text T To Spell To send this message press X Send You are asked to confirm whether or not you want to send it by the prompt Send message Type y yes or press lt Enter gt Now the message is sent and a copy is saved to your sent mail folder If you type n no the message is not sent and you can continue to work on it This test message was very simple There are of course other options you can use as you compose a message A few are summarized in the next section and complete information about options for the Compose Message screen is available in online help As you compose a message
20. see the online UNIX Manual entries for Pine and Pico In addition at the Pine Main Menu choose R for release notes Your local system managers may have customized Pine to suit specific needs configuration and personal preference options Thus your local system managers are a good source of information about additional Pine features 4 18 Suggestions about using E mail Electronic mail is a unique medium of communication Messages can be replied to or forwarded with speed and ease and email has the potential to reach a wide audience These features can also be misused There are a few basic guidelines for the responsible use of email that can help you avoid common mistakes while you enjoy the full benefits of this technology The privacy of an email message cannot be guaranteed An email message may be forwarded printed or permanently stored by any recipient Email can be misdirected even when you are careful Do not put something in an email message that you would not want read by everybody And if you receive a message intended for someon lse let the sender know Email does not show the subtleties of voice or body language Avoid attempts at irony or sarcasm The most effective email is short clear and relevant If you receive a message that makes you upset do not respond immediately and in any case avoid flaming that is sending an angry or rude message As you use email keep t
21. the same host computer as you i e gi for example asbm01 you need not supply any other information beyond the username vipul Delhi who has an account on giasdl01 ravi giasdlo01 This will deliver the mail to Ravi service in Delhi You do not need to which i s ravi giasdl0l vsnl net in If you are using PINE on giasbm01 this message will get delivered to Vipul who has an account on the host giasbm01 If you have to write to someone in you may address the mail as follows who has an account with VSNL s GI AS complete his full Internet address This is because the domain ysnl net in is common to all the servers or host computers under vsnl in For first India all other addresses you need the full address as we discussed in the very example 29 a CompuServe Addresses A person having an account on the CompuServe on line service usually has a user name which is a string of numbers separated by commas for example 73244 2433 If you have to send E mail to the person with this user name you must use the complete network address 73244 2433 compuserve com Note that the comma is replaced by a period in the username b America On Line Addresses Some of your friends in the USA may have their account on one of most popular services there America On Line Let us say that their username on that service is nancy
22. to Mr Darius Zehidi a student of mine Please note that the line width is 78 characters we could not reduce this as there are screen captures Cheers Dr Raj Mehta Preface My journey into Internet started on a rainy day not unlike today in July 1989 was consultant to Comstruct Software Pvt Ltd CSPL who were technical affiliates of National Center for Software Technology NCST That day Dhirendra Morarji MD of CSPL and were visiting NCST and Dr S Ramani mentioned that CSPL was entitled to use ERNET He then logged on to a computer in Canada It was the time when the fastest data communication speed was 9600 bauds As Dr S Ramani typed commands on the terminal it took about 1 to 2 seconds to echo the key strokes As watched the screen and saw the commands being executed on a distant computer in Canada lights flashed in my brain was fascinated and saw the immense potential of this technology in all walks of life used NCST s ERNET when in India and a friend s account at Stanford University when was in California to access the Internet At every opportunity with an evangelistic zeal encouraged friends to use Internet Then on August 15 1995 VSNL started to give access to Internet encouraged everyone in sight who had a computer to get on the NET did not realize then that the task to teach the usage of the GIAS system to all the friends had encouraged would come to me To my surprise enjoyed
23. tutoring to convey to my friends over the phone the keystrokes that would accomplish a given task Also it was a surprise to me that had the needed skill to teach about Internet and specifically to inculcate in them the spirit of experimentation to discover different ways one can use Internet A thought emerged why not write a book to empower Internet users at large so that they do not feel intimidated by this new technology Thus this book was conceived After a few initial chapters the hard disk which had the material of this book crashed Of course did not have the back up was feeling very disheartened About this time showed whatever wrote to VSNL personnel It was their encouragement that propelled me to rewrite the chapters which were lost and finish the book Now you the reader have the result in your hand At this time would like to express my gratitude to people who have contributed to this book directly First of all my thanks are due to Mr B K Syngal of VSNL for being instrumental in bringing Internet to India and thus providing me opportunity to explore the Internet further am also indebted to am also indebted to VSNL s technical team for their content contribution and editorial help My special thanks to Dr Juri Vilms and Mr James LaBrie both of Palo Alto California for help in editing the chapters Incidentally this was done in the true Internet style chapters flying back an forth via email My thanks are du
24. you will that you would have been dead wrong We Indians that any complicated activity like a ssen developed a graphical Internet works ects the fee for your use have to make arrangements with them like people in some other places in the world central planning and socialism have held sway developments have catapulted Internet life In the last year the growth of Internet chances are that you might say it is run by some central organization and if you want to put up If you said where the ideas of have the tendency to assume national economy or a global computer network can only function through a central authority However in case of the that make up the thousands of because they follow a simple rule simply that all data shall be broken first part of each packet has the address wher That is about it How it should work is no central computer or authority central computer and then to its destination many ways to get from one point to another For transmission hardware th Internet this is not so smaller networks connected by the TCP 1 All the computers and wires Internet work TCP IP says and that the the packet is meant to go is not laid down in a master plan There Instead of having the data go toa with Internet the data has over the web of computers P mentioned above up into small packets Internet is
25. 2 for your password logged in you will see a prompt which look something like and press the enter key you will now get some junk characters in button on the right P connection with ppp window as soon as you do this the terminal To run any you could minimize the window and invoke whatever to use for e g Netscape 2 x log off from the Internet clos Click on the window Now you have established a TCP I Browser th Done and switch to the custom connect Select disconnect from the men and disconnect you from vsnl u bar window this will B 3 Configuring Windows 95 for your TCP IP account Internet software do not close the custom connect window Internet software you wish Eudora Lite etc Once you have decided to Internetapplication you happen to be using hang up your telephon enter your password press the enter key Once you are giasxxxx gt type the corner of vsnl instead lin 1 Get the Microsoft Plus CD and ready to install Plus 2 Go to Start button and click then go to Run and click on it 3 Select Browse then s ct the CD ROM drive as the option to run from 4 Then select setup and click OK to run Plus 5 Keep pressing next till you come to screen where you have two icons one Typical and second one Custom Select click mouse on Custom If you select Typical you
26. Internet Guide For VSNL s Gateway Internet Access Services GIAS by Dr Raj Mehta Ph D Stanford USA 1996 1997 Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited Second Edition CONTENTS Preface Preface to Second Edition Surfing the Internet Guide for VSNL s GIAS 1 INTERNET BASICS 1 1 Introduction 1 2 Brief History of Internet 1 3 How does Internet Work 1 4 The Domain Name System 2 INTERNET IN INDIA 2 1 Indian Internet History And Status a Educational Research Network ERNET b Gateway Internet Access Service GIAS 2 2 Getting connected a The options b Where to go and what to do c Terminal account 1 Hardware required Il Software required d TCP IP account 1 Hardware required II Software required 3 LOGGING ON TO VSNL 3 1 Logging on to Terminal Acccount 3 2 Logging out of Terminal Account 3 3 Logging on to TCP IP Account 3 4 Logging out from TCP IP Account 3 5 Logging on to your Account from any city with VSNL server a Logging on to your Terminal or Shell account from other cities b Roaming TCPIP Dial up Facility 3 6 Logging on to your Terminal Account from Anywhere in the World 4 USING E mail Electronic Mail 4 1 Internet addressing conventions a CompuServe Addresses b America On Line Addresses 4 2 Pine The mailer at VSNL 4 3 Entering and exiting Pine 4 4 Composing and sending an E mail message Writing a message Writing and Sending a Test Message to Yourself Hints for Writing Messages Inserting a Pl
27. P Account Dialup Helpdesk Mumbai 2659045 4315836 2659385 2641479 2624020 2641520 4315835 2641544 Delhi 3363600 3732965 3365800 3363700 3747310 3733795 Calcutta 3342333 3215986 3374004 3215984 3348082 3212061 3245622 3213275 3213072 3347696 Chenai 567220 567357 567196 560564 560093 Pune 887615 887815 887562 Bangalore 2261535 2250601 2252573 Ahemdabad 6560600 6560100 6425742 43 45 46 Hydrabad 33324422 33325577 Guwahati 525002 525005 525006 525009 5153367515389 515390375195393 Chandigarh 716000 716400 Jaipur 310062 310063 320062 320063 314030 31 32 44 45 46 47 48 Lucknow 360150 380551 Panjim 2253335235133 225588 235111 Kanpur 354999 353999 232222 DTE No For INET Access in Mumbai 404322017777 DTE No For INET Access in Delhi 404311017777 DTE No For INET Access in Calcutta 404333007777 DTE No For INET Access in Madras 404344017777 DTE No For INET Access in Pune 404322017777 DTE No For INET Access in Bangalore 404380018152 Appendix B Configuring your PC software for TCP IP B 1 Introduction The TCP P account is a versatile Internet connection Once you are connected your computer is sitting right on the Internet In this case you are making connection to any other computer on the Internet directly without VSNL being the intermediary Hence there is much more flexibility about what you can do Of course the present lure for this con
28. ac users is also included Some additional sections dealing with roaming facility and logging on to your account from any city that has a VSNL server has been included A section on how to access the Newsgroups via pine has been given in Chapter 14 And of course the errors that both the users and the readers of the manual have pointed out have been attended to would like to thank the people who contributed to this edition directly Primarily they are the technical team at VSNL Mumbai who have taken great pains to see that this work comes out just right Specifically Mr Neeraj Sonker Mr Deepak Mittal Mr Rajneesh Kumar and Ms Swarnlata have provided very valuable feedback that has led to considerable improvement of the Guide Many users have provided valuable feedback and encouragement for this edition especially one student account holder from Bangalore It never ceases to amaze the author that the online friendships in cyberspace with people one never sees face to face or ever hopes to meet in person can make as much of a contribution to one s life and work as our mundane relationships in 4 space Dr Raj Mehta July 17 1997 Mumbai India Surfing the Internet Guide for VSNL s GIAS This book is for beginners and also serves experienced users for referencing It attempts to get the readers over the initial barriers they may encounter in using the GIAS system specifically the Terminal account Even a young reader or anyone else ha
29. account you can le you have composed off ompose Message screen option on the First Menu This takes you to the Te and n y ntered the desired informa screen After you hav section and pressed t he last lt l lin Main Menu of Pine which takes you to the Compose Message tion in the address Enter gt taking your c ursor below the Message Text you to select the uploading protocol appear asking you to give the name of the file with its full DOS path c test upload tst we want to send directory cal and then y for yes Important Note software Procomm Plus and Telix you are using in principle is as above In case of Procon software up as it should screen If you want to text file that you have uploaded into the P other software this is procedure yourself In between two text lines line breaks which is text without led test entered in your message can not be read at this tin when the transfer is complete press the lt PageUp gt key r A menu will appear asking Type a for ASCII A prompt will Type the name of the file on your computer which in this case is Note that this means the file named upload tst which was earlier written by you and stored on drive c Press lt Enter gt and the fil in a e will be transferred and It is displayed with a lo ne but a conclud
30. ag very 10 min when you are connected Our suggestion is that you leave this 0 so that you can initiate the checking of mail by going to File menu and clicking on Check mail Select Send on check Check the box for save password which will save your password and you won t have to key it again and again every time you check your mail However if you are in environment where several people are using your machine to access TCP IP better do not enable save password feature as you will not want others to look at your mail If you check the next item Leave the mail on the server then even after downloading the mail the mail will be left in your account at VSNL Again our suggestion is to leave this box unchecked so your mail box at VSNL remains uncluttered Select Authentication Style as Passwords Sending mail Return address is to be put as Username giasbm01l vsnl net in SMTP server is to be put as 202 54 1 18 The next box labeled Immediate Send should be unchecked This will permit you to compose and queue the mail you are sending off line Then when you connect up you can go to File menu and click on Send Queued Messages Otherwise if you keep this item checked When you compose off line each time you finish the message and press Send button it will attempt log on to your account by attempt to dial out 55 Select rest of the options in the present table A
31. age screen you can enter an email address in the To and Cc fields in the following three ways Type th ntir mail address Type the nickname you have entered in the Address Book For example referring to the Address Book shown in Figure 12 you could type the nickname jiml in the To field After you press lt Enter gt Pine will then enter the full address from the Address Book as follows To Jim LaBrie lt jiml svpal org gt At the Compose Message screen while the cursor is in the To or Cc field press T to move to the Address Book and select the name by using the arrow keys or P and N Type S Select or press lt Enter gt which automatically enters the name and address 4 16 Tailoring PINE for your needs Pine offers other features To use them go to the Pine Main Menu and type S Setup This gives a message asking you to choose from the options listed below or to cancel Printer Chooses a printer for Pine messages Newpassword Changes your account password while still in Pine Config Setup Configuration Selects additional options Update Updates Pine includes technical notes and PC Pine information F E 46 The option allowing you to choose a printer is especially useful and is described in the following section a Choosing Printer Variables Pine provides three options for printing When choosing the appropriate option you sho
32. age will be broken up into packets of approximately 1500 bytes and some may travel from VSNL here to the MCI router int router and so fort packets of the sam he US some may travel to Madras and then to the MCI h There is no predetermined path and even individual message may follow different paths It all depends on the traffic at that node at that moment in time As the packets reach svpal org they are all put to given address In o gether as in the original message and delivered to the rder to accomplish the task of messaging across a network computers use a networking protocol Taking the analogy of diplomacy the relations and inter follow a set of rul diplomatic protocol actions between the representatives of different countries es laid down by tradition and treaty which is called Similarly all computers wanting to talk to each other have to conform to protocol This en a standard set of rules defined in the networking ables different types of computers running different types of operating system to communicate efficiently The de facto standard today is TCP IP Transmis sion Control Protocol Internet Protocol All this is accomplished by dedicated but fast computers known as routers that work in unison Every organization has its own network and every individual user his own system and setup What kind does no
33. ain Text File Hints for Sending Messages f Changing your Mind 4 5 Composing a message off line 4 6 Attaching a file to your message 4 7 Viewing the messages received 4 8 Reading a message 4 9 Saving an attached file when reading a message 4 10 Replying to a message Dang 4 11 Getting organized with folders a Folders Stored at Your VSNL Account b Keeping Folders Clean c Moving Between Folders d Deleting a Folder 4 12 Saving a message in your account at VSNL a Saving a Message to the Saved Message Folder b Saving a Message to a Folder You Specify c Limited Connections and Storage at Your Account 4 13 Forwarding a message 4 14 Removing stale messages a Undeleting a Message b Expunging a Message 4 15 Using Address Book a Adding an Individual Address b Taking an Individual Address from a Received Message c Adding a Group List Address d Using the Address Book 4 16 Tailoring Pine for your needs a Choosing Printer Variables b Printing a Message 4 17 Additional features of PINE 4 18 Suggestions about using E mail 4 19 Quitting PINE and logging off FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL ftp 5 1 Using ftp 5 2 Browsing an anonymous ftp site 5 3 Reading a text file at a ftp site 5 4 Getting a file to your account at VSNL 5 5 Odd letters Decoding file endings 5 6 Your friend archie a Archie sites accessible by Telnet b Accessing Archie By e mail TELNET EXPLORING THE WWW USING LYNX 7 1 Introduction to World Wide
34. ain options as shown in Figure 4 1 From the Main Menu you can read online help write and send a message look at an index of your mail messages open or maintain your mail folders update your address book configure or update Pine and quit Pine The letter you must type to enter your choice is given at the left of each option or command name You can usually type either an uppercase or lowercase letter which immediately executes the choice Pressing lt Enter gt is not necessary 30 Now that you know how to start Pine you can explore on your own or you can browse the rest of this document for a summary of Pine s main features While exploring you may need to get help To read the online help in Pine use the Help command at the bottom of each screen For example at the Main Menu screen type the question mark Help Help is context sensitive you never see all of it at once only the part that relates to the Pine feature you are using will be displayed To exit the online Help type E Exit Help Fig 4 1 Pine Main Menu Screen 4 e PINE 3 90 MAIN MENU Folder INBOX 2 Messages HELP Get help using Pine Cc COMPOSE MESSAGE Compose and send a message I FOLDER INDEX View messages in current folder L FOLDER LIST Select a folder to view A ADDRESS BOOK Update address book S SETUP Configure or update Pine Q QUIT Exit the Pine program Copyright 1989 1994 PINE i
35. can provide a form based HTML interface which will forward the user response to them through email The tariff for hosting such an application on VSNL server will be Rs 20 000 per annum Tariff proposal for WWW Server setup by Private Companies in VSNL premises Private Companies or individuals wishing to setup WEB server would need to obtain License Permission from DOT for offering such services in India VSNL would provide air conditioned space power supply and normal supervision for WWW server equipment The WWW server will be provided by the subscriber Tariff proposals are i Registration f one time Rs 10 000 ii Installation fee Rs 10 000 iii Port Charges 64 Kbps Rs 12 lakhs p a 128 Kbps Rs 18 lakhs p a iv Space rental for Rs 3 lakhs p a Website Typically on rack space Chapter 3 LOGGING ON TO VSNL 21 3 1 Logging on to Terminal Account Now that you have an account at VSNL have your modem connected and have the software configured you are ready to log on to the VSNL s Terminal account In the dialing directory of your communication software e g Procomm Plus for DOS Telix for DOS a shareware program or Procomm for Windows enter the dial up telephone numbers for VSNL s Terminal account service For Mumbai these numbers currently are 265 9045 264 1520 and 431 5836 but they are subject to change as notified by VSNL from time to tim
36. commercial organizations i e businesses edu Educational organizations Universities secondary schools etc gov Governmental organizations Non military mil Military army navy etc net Network resources e g Internet Service Provider org Other organizations Initially the success of Internet was not anticipated and hence no provision was made to include other countries Now because of the overwhelming global success of the Internet new top level domains are reserved but not necessarily created to correspond to individual countries These national domain names follow an existing international official standard of two letter abbreviations for every country in the world An example of other countries represented with domains include au Australia ca Canada er France uk The United Kingdom in India Fig 1 1 gives a graphical representation of the original top level domains in the USA and the modified inclusion of countries in the top level domains This primary domain list is maintained by InterNIC one of the several knit voluntary organizations that oversee various aspects of the loosely Internet Fig 1 1 The tree structure of primary domains and countries Let us discuss our top level domain in and its sub domains shown in Fig 1 2 This top level domain is maintained by the National Center for Software Technology NCST as they were the first Internet
37. complete contact information of the person from your organization who would liaison with the domain registry for technical issues 3 Name of your Internet Service Provider Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd Through whom you connect to the Internet 4 Domain Name Information Currently we have the following domains res in for co in for net in for gov in for ac in for research organisations commercial organisations network service providers government organisations academic community Mention the domain name that you would like to register Please also mention which of the above domains you would like to join You are encouraged to send this form by electronic mail to dom req giasbm0l vsnl net in 64 APPENDIX E FEEDBACK FORM A feedback from you the user of GIAS system will be very much appreciated After some use of the book and consequent exploration you should take a few minutes to fill out this form and send it to the address given below This feedback will help immensely to tailor the future editions of the book to cater to the users needs You may send any suggestion and use additional sheets of paper to make your comments Following are some of the questions you should think about 1 Is the language and content such that the book is readable 2 The topics which are covered offer good enough sample to get one started on the In
38. d research labs Ilion hosts its ey created document and software accessible t o all users During this the narrow confines of the academic and another computer related ar Prior to that known as desktop computers pers d alone machines that lacked the urces To remedy that shortcomin s became important For large into being With these in place vent happened the personal computer businesses us onal con capabil g co nputer mpanies wi E mail unication the prices of PCs coming down uters There was a demand by t lenet and Compuserve came in up to the download other machines In response to to bei m and communicate with othe repository of information their r more and more d But now they went in a very big way to micro computers s or PCs These de area networks individuals also that demand ng For a fe r users on th and software Further along with on li Board Service BBS which letin etc other these networks adoption of th computer in their vicinity and exc n ese people to connect up their n like on line services e ither a minicomputer or which were Lity of sharing data and the concept of local area networks WANs also became a means of daily had nachines individuals could connect servic sam 7 which people cou
39. dependent on the existing infrastructure developed by long haul telephone companies and other telecommunications companies Internet servic networks circuits from the telephon providers lease data and have dedicated computers at the end to 13 points or nodes These rely on the distributed intelligence of networking equipment known as routers thus bypassing the telephone company s expensive switching computers while using their transmission lines All the content of which are owned by Microsoft etc who Internet is held by computers known as the servers organizations and companies e g University of Kansas want to distribute the information When request is made of these servers for the information they bundle the requested informati on in small packets with address as to where it is to be sent and send them down to the nearest connection to the Internet When they arrive at the Inter more than a traffic address A similar goes on till the pa together again with Say for example you California to a se net the packets are read by the router which is nothing cop and sent down in the same general direction as the thing happens at the next junction on the Internet This cket is delivered to the right address where it is put other packets to make up the original information are sending a message from Mumbai to Palo Alto rver named svpal org The mess
40. ding a Newsgroup Posting an article to a Newsgroup Printing an article Saving an article to your account at VSNL E mail an article from a Newsgroup ompong 14 4 News reader TIN commands 14 5 Using Pine to Read and Reply to Specific News groups Appendices A DNS SERVERS AND DIALUP INFORMATION B Configuring your PC software for TCP IP B 1 Introduction B 2 Configuring TCP IP for Windows 3 1 and 3 11 B 3 Configuring Windows 95 for your TCP IP account B 4 Internet TCP IP Applications B 5 Suggestions for TCP IP applications and the download sites a Windows Client Applications b Macintosh Client Applications C Modem considerations D Leased Line Internet Access E Feedback Form F Application Form For VSNL GIAS G Glossary About the author This guide to VSNL services has been in short supply Hence for users to be able to have copy it made available for the download from the web You must have unzipped the files if you are reading this document It contains several files This is left this way so that if someone wanted to print just one chapter he she can do so rather than one file of whole book If you wanted to know what order these files are in the original book just look at the file contents and then if you print all the files you will arrange the files in the order they appear in the contents and you will have copy of the book hope you find this useful Credit for converting the Microsoft Word copy to text files goes
41. e 4 11 Getting organized with folders Incoming messages may quickly accumulate in your INBOX folder Imagine what it would be like to find one hundred messages there If you use email often this may happen sooner than you expect How should you organize the messages you wish to save The answer is with folders This is discussed here a Folders Stored at Your VSNL Account 41 A me Pine folder like a folder in your file cabinet is a storage place for ssages As you use email you accumulate many messages and can organize them into different folders by topic correspondent date or any other category that is meaningful to you You can create your own folders and Pa x ne automatic The INBOX fo ally provides three lder messages sent to you are listed in this folder When you first st at the list art Pine and go to the FOLDER INDEX screen you are looking of messages in your INBOX folder Every incoming message remains in your INBOX until you delete it or save it in another folder The SAVED ME SSAGES folder copies of messages you save are stored in this folder See Saving The SENT MA unless you save them to other folders you create yourself a Message s section 4 12 L folder copies of messages you send are automatically stored in this folder This is convenient
42. e For each number enter the terminal emulation data bits stop bits and parity Usually a menu e g the Revise command in Procomm Plus for DOS in the dialing directory will walk you through these steps In your dialing directory highlight select VSNL s number and dial out by pressing the lt enter gt key You will hear the modem sending tones or pulses When your modem connects to VSNL S modem you will hear squealing noises coming out of the modem s speaker as they establish contact and exchange protocols Now you are connected to VSNL The first screen welcoming you to VSNL as shown in Fig 3 1 will be displayed on your monitor Fig 3 1 First screen as you logon to VSNL s Terminal account 1 Logon to giasbm01 2 Logon to giasbm02 3 Logon to bom3 4 Exit Selection 1 Trying 202 54 1 18 Open Digital UNIX giasbm01 vsnl net in ttyr6 login rajm Password Your cursor is at the selection prompt You will have to type the number of the server where your account is In this case since the account is on server giasbm01 1 is typed then your cursor is on login prompt Type in your userid given to you by VSNL and press lt enter gt Then you will come to the Password prompt Type in the password given to you by VSNL press lt enter gt and you will see a welcoming screen by VSNL You are now logged on to your account at VSNL The screen which appears on your monitor is as follows
43. e the Saved Messages Folder is the default folder when a Save command is given without specifying another folder To save a message in it do the following If you are in the FOLDER INDEX or FOLDER LIST screen select the message you want to save for example message number and type S Save If you are in the Message Text screen viewing that message just type S Save The prompt SAVE to folder saved messages appears on the screen asking where you want to save the message Press lt Enter gt to choose the default folder Pine saves your message and you s the following acknowledgment on the screen Message 4 copied to folder saved messages and marked deleted b Saving a Message to a Folder You Specify You will find it useful to create additional folders for storing message on particular subjects To save a message to one of these do the following At the FOLDER INDEX screen use the arrow keys to highlight the message you want to save or at the Message Text screen as you view the message type S Save The prompt SAVE to folder saved messages appears on the screen Type a foldername and press lt Enter gt For example to save a message to a folder named papers type papers at n e S SO To 4 ee S 43 and press lt Enter gt If this is the first time you have named this folder you see the prompt Fo
44. e Local gt DNS Communication Settings Choose the Communication command from the Setup menu and select the options described as follows Port Choose the correct port COM1 or COM2 and baud rate Flow control should be Hardware and other parameters are 8 data bits one stop bit and No parity Modem Select the modem which you are using and if your modem is not listed selecting Hayes for the modem type works across most modem types Dial Put the hunting number for TCP IP account here Login From Custom select the Login tab from the configuration dialog box Type the username and password In the start up Command box type PPP and also select the Ignore Script option if available In order to repeat the same configuration for multiple phone numbers select Interface Menu and choose Duplicate give a unique name to this new profil e Now all you need to do is modify the phone number from the Dial Option of the Communication Menu This ends the configuration for Netmanage Now the user can choose the Connect option from custom menu to connect and log in to the local VSNL Server To connect to vsnl and test your installation choose the connect from the menu bar at the top of the window Netmanage should now dial out to vsnl and establish a connection in a custom terminal window As soon as you get the Username prompt type your userid and press enter When you are prompted 5
45. e in the Enter gt e Compose Message screen the commands menu at the you will get the screen ows up asking for the ven space type captured screen Fig 4 4 Fig 4 4 Entering the name of the file to be included 4 PINE 3 91 COMPOSE MESSAGE Folder INBOX 83 Messages To Dr Raj Mehta lt rajm giasbm01 vsnl net in gt Ce Attchmnt Subject Inclusion of a message composed off line Message Text Insert file from the directory upload tst G Get Help T To Files C Cancel 4 There is another way t o include a file which you could try however we don t recommend this method Type T as suggested by the screen which gives a list of all the user highlight it and pres your account at VSNL cursor to highlight it This method is not rec ids of accounts at VSNL Find your own userid s lt Enter gt This gives a listing of the files sitting in Select the file you want to be included by moving the and press lt Enter gt putting that file in your message userid from the all th ommended because it is an onerous task to find your e others After the file is included in the email message as shown Fig 4 5 just press X and then Y for y Fig 4 5 Text es to se
46. e to Ajoy Bhavnani his contributions to the materials of chapters on IRC am indebted to Mr Neelkanth Shanbhag of V Care Computers for providing me the hardware to gather the material for this book am taking this opportunity to thank people who have helped and are continuing to help me learn more about Internet Specifically Al Whaley Jim Weaver Lumir and Jarmila Kovacik Ravindra Agrawal Susan Adkins Vipul Shah Dinyar Lala Jnankar Shah Suchit Nanda Hiren Bose Lynden Cerejo Valentine de Souza My very heartfelt gratitude to my sister Shashi Mehta and my friend Minal Morarji for continuing emotional support during this venture Dr Raj Mehta July 20 1996 Mumbai India Preface to Second Edition The first edition of this Users Guide was completed in October 1996 The printed version was available for distribution in January 1997 Since then it has been an amazing experience for the author have received hundreds of email messages from the users of the GIAS system appreciating this guide and its Web posting There is no greater satisfaction to an author than to realize that his work is being used by the readers It has invoked a feeling of contentment that no other effort has afforded thus far It has also provided the necessary encouragement for continuing to improve on the first edition Now you the readers have an improved edition In this edition support for TCP IP account users has been increased In fact support for M
47. ecified during configuring the dialer icon s name Double click this icon Click on properties and cross check the settings After that return to dialer window and press dial Your Username and Password will be verified and your connection will be established Enjoy and explore the fun of TCP IP connection igg g o UUM Tg B 5 Suggestions for TCP IP applications and download sites Unlike shell or Terminal account where all the software and resources for the Internet are provided for by VSNL for TCP IP account once connect to Internet through VSNL they only provide you with the bandwidth All other hardware and software do anything has to be your own Once you have fast enough processor say pentium large enough memory about 16 MB RAM large enough hard disk say about 1 GB and fast enough modem 28 8Kbps then all you need is software on your computer explore the Internet Following are suggestions for some of the software that you may want and where to get them free from the Internet We include suggestions for both Windows and Mac based platforms A For Windows following are the client applications you may want to have a Browsers Presently there are two main browsers to consider Netscap Navigator and Microsoft s Internet Explorer Both of them are good and each of them have their own following Take your pick or have both Client Software Netscape Na
48. equate hard disk and 14 4 Kbps error correcting modem will serve you well II Software Requirements With a DOS machine a DOS based terminal emulation program is needed There are many of these programs available either as shareware or commercially Two of these Telix and Procomm Plus are described in further detail below Telix is a shareware program which means you can get it froma friend or download it from a WEB site for example www shareware com Unzip the file in a Telix directory Then run a program called modemcfg to configure the software for your modem The program will prompt you for information The most important information it may need is the brand name and model of the modem as that will set the configuration parameters from a stored table in the software A windows version of the program is also available Procomm Plus is a commercial program which has to be purchased This program also will prompt you for the information needed for installation This is a feature of most communication software packages and some now automatically detect your modem type and give you the choice to alter it if the automatic choice is in error If you are using windows the windows version of this program presents easier interface Both these as well as most other packages provide dialing directories where you can store phone numbers and some of the dialing param
49. er is probably your INBOX folder If the message is in a folder other than your INBOX see Moving Between Folders in Section 4 12 GETTING ORGANISED WITH FOLDERS At the Folder Index screen select th to view the message Then type D Delete If you typed D from the Folder Index screen the mark D appears in the left hand column of the message line If you typed D from the Message Text screen the notation DEL appears in the upper right corner of your screen and the next message if there is one appears You may repeat this process to mark additional messages for deletion a Undeleting a Message If you change your mind about a message you have marked for deletion use the U Undelete command to remove the deletion mark any time before you expunge a message After you expunge a message Pine cannot get it back b Expunging a Message A message that is marked for deletion remains in your account until you expunge it You can expunge message that are marked for deletion at any time or you can wait until you quit Pine Once you have a few messages marked for deletion you may want to expunge them before you continue to work because it is easier to look through a folder index having fewer messages To expunge a message while at the Folder Index screen type X Expunge You are then asked Expunge message s from folder T
50. erent mail programs is available without cost as is VSNL s Pine In using this feature additional steps are involved such as uploading your binary file to your VSNL Terminal account That is covered later in Chapters 12 and 13 of this book For the purpose of learning how to attach a binary file to your e mail message let us assume that the binary file has already been uploaded to your Terminal account Again go to the Main Menu in Pine Type C to select the Compose Message option which opens the Compose screen Make th ntries for To and Cc as shown earlier At the Attachment field there are two choices how to make your entry The first choice is to enter filename for example sig Here the character pair preceding the file name indicates the present directory and sig is the name of the binary file or document you want to send which must already be in your account at VSNL This is one way to specify the file you want to attach 37 The second choice is to enter usr users userid filename which specifies the full path on the UNIX system I would for example enter usr users rajm sig if I take the second choice and press lt Enter gt At this point Pine acknowledges that a binary file is attached by giving the size of the file in parenthesis on the Attchmnt line as shown in Fig 4 6 Fig 4 6 Acknowledgment of Binary File in Attchmnt Entr
51. eters d TCP IP account 19 I Hardware Requirements The minimum requirement for accessing a TCP IP account which requires graphics capability is a 80486 processor machine with 8 MB RAM or one having similar processing power such as the Apple MAC At least a 14 4 Kbps modem is needed For an IBM compatible machine either Windows 3 1 or Windows 95 operating system is required for the TCP IP account II Software Requirements If you are using Windows 3 1 or 3 11 system software appropriate 16 bit TCP IP stack software will be required There are many choices for this for example Trumpet Winsock Spry dialer Internet Explorere Chameleon Netscape Internet in a Box to name a few For Windows 95 has native TCP IP stack which needs enabling Most of these have an auto install program which during installation will ask you for two IP addresses for the DNS servers one primary and one secondary If you are also installing E mail software such as Eudora you will need to supply your POP3 account which is your email address in case of VSNL accounts You will need to supply one more IP address for a SMTP server These addresses are given in Appendix A for different locations in India For a TCP IP account in addition to the browser and e mail applications you may need software for other applications like telnet and ftp
52. for example searching and gathering information on the Web or participating in chat sessions 34 The tasks that can be done off line should be done so practice to compose your e mail message off line at VSNL and then send your email message attach it to not incl Lee hi a5b is a text file it in your message How can one do this editor for example text the file to your account computer to a server is to Several procedures for transferring files are discussed in File Transfers Using Kermit Protocol download it detail in Chapters 9 download 12 Zmodem use the ASC line into your email Log on to your account by pressing 1 described earlier First Edit in DOS or WordPad in Windows Store it in a file when completed Then connect to VSNL and transfer If you have not yet uploaded or transferred th uploading method to include a text fil message and lt Enter gt Press compose the message on TO Cr the r In datacom jargon Thus it is good upload it to your account then you can include it in If it is any other type of binary file ude then you must your computer using any that produces ASC ansfer a file from your upload it whil verse process is to and 13 UNI upload X Prompt 11 Zmodem EIl while still in your C as usual and enter the E mail to your
53. has direct connectivity to each GIAS node You can access GIAS from 99 cities in India by this means c GIAS Network Topology The GIAS network topology consists of fault tolerant domestic backbone network as shown in Fig 2 1 Each backbone node is connected to a primary 512 kbps circuit to backbone node at Mumbai Videsh Sanchar Bhawan Fort Mumbai VSB and a back 512 kbps circuit is connected to backbone node at Mumbai LVSB Lokmanya Videsh Sanchar Bhawan Prabhadevi Mumbai Further each node has its own international circuit to the global Internet The International bandwith at each node is typically 2 Mbps LVSB is the disaster recovery site so that even if the primary Mumbai site goes down connectivity to global Internet is maintained 17 Dynamic Routing ensures that the shortest path to destination is always chosen Load balancing automatically occurs if more than one equal cost path to destination exists The best backup path is chosen when primary path goes down VSNL GIAS Network is multihomed to MCI and Telecom India to ensure the proper backup and redundancy at the Carrier Level also 2 2 Getting connected To get connected to the Internet you will need to get an account with VSNL There are basically two types of accounts and depending on your status for example student professional or commercial organization your cost
54. he above mentioned capability You can just attach your favorite spreadsheet from Lotus 123 or Excel and send it to Timbuktu assuming of course Timbuktu has an Internet connection which your coworker can use In a few minutes your colleague will be working on the spreadsheet and can mail it right back to you for further modification or finalization Well it can be simply handled by Pine and other mailers which support MIME MIME stands for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions and is a specification for including binary data in Internet mail messages which until now have generally been limited to ASC text MIME capable mailers such as the Pine 3 x used by VSNL allow word processing documents spreadsheets programs images audio and other binary data to be attached to a message MIME allows for alternative representations of the same data For example there can be an attachment in text form followed by one containing bitmap page images of the same information if you want to do that for some reason MIME capable mail software is not yet widely deployed but MIME support is growing rapidly If you need to send binary data to colleagues at institutions not yet supporting MIME encourage them to talk to their system administrators about installing MIME tools MIME software compatible with many diff
55. he following tips in mind 47 Email is easily forwarded to someone else Although this is convenient it is not always appropriate If you are unsure ask the sender before you forward a message Email replies may go to more people than you realize When replying to a message be sure to look at the list of recipients Email can be junk mail so avoid unnecessary proliferation of messages Email takes up computer space so delete messages you no longer need The integrity of an email message cannot be guaranteed If a received message seems out of character for the sender double check before taking it seriously Email is meant for informal correspondence as well as scholarly scientific and clinical communications You should not use email for official record purposes where a memo would be required for example personnel actions organization changes contracts and policy statements Email should not be considered private Confidential information should not be sent by email 4 19 Quitting PINE and logging off To quit Pine while you are at almost any screen in Pine type Q Quit This gives the question message Really quit pine at the bottom of the screen Type y yes or press lt Enter gt to quit The system now takes you out of the e mail program to the First Menu screen shown in Chapter 3 It is a good idea to log off from your account whene
56. il Recently he was part of the technical team of Silicon Valley Public Access Link a low cost Internet Access Provider in California and more recently he has been interacting with VSNL s technical team to improve their Internet servic Dr Mehta has published 20 technical papers and holds four basic patents related to transistor processing Currently he is writing teaching and consulting on issues related to the Internet He has put up this book on a site for a on line reference at the WEB address http www bayside net users rajm or http www stanford edu jnw gias htm He has put test sites for The Prince of Wales Museum in Mumbai at http www bayside net users rajm powm htm Another test site for Asiatic Society of Bombay at http www bayside net users rajm asbl html He is currently working to put Ajmer s Dargaha on the Net Dr Mehta can be reached at 66 or E mail i4u bom2 vsnl net in or rajm giasbm01 vsnl net in Postal Address 1 Belvedere Court 148 M K Road Mumbai 400 020 India 67
57. iles will be discussed later in the book in Chapters 11 amp 13 4 13 Forwarding a message To forward to a message that you have selected at the Folder Index screen or that you are viewing Type F Forward The Forward Message screen opens and the To field is highlighted This screen is similar to the Compose Message screen The selected message to be forwarded including its received address information block is included in the Message Text field Enter the address to which it is to be forwarded in the To field and send the message as usual Note that you can modify the original message if you wish For example you may need to forward only a portion of it or add a message or notes of your own This is accomplished by cutting lines of text deleting and typing additional text in the Message Text field in the same manner as you would edit a message you have composed before sending the message 4 14 Removing stale messages Removing stale old messages that are no longer needed from your VSNL account is an important maintenance task you are strongly advised to do routinely This is done by deleting messages There are two steps to deleting a message marking it for deletion and expunging it To mark for deletion a message you do not want first select and open the 44 folder that contains the message If you have not been using your Terminal account for long this fold
58. ing soun At this point to se If yo will also nm PL see the text file press NE u have any ot have to figu note that in us lot of jun MATI Aga possible but you will have t case if find that the text i then you Please G t of extra characters and d notification will come nd your message type xX The above key strokes are described in context to the two her communication re out the procedure which Telix the ASC file shows k characters appear on the and you should see the in we stress that for o figure out a similar n PINE shows blank line in then you have to up load th As in that case e file which is ASC file your communication software is adding an extra lt CR gt with each line feed command If you have already upl in Chapters 9 12 and include it into your message let us assume you have uploaded it file as described in the previous paragraph bottom of the screen shown below upload tst whic message and press lt l in Fig 4 4 name of the file that is to be included loaded the text file using on 13 then you can use the fol For the purpose of 1 Go to th Then note Press R to read a file and At this point a prompt sh In the gi This is shown in the e of the methods described lowing procedure to earning how to include the h is the name of the file you want to includ
59. k either manually by typing the information or copying from a received message With either method specify a nickname for your correspondent You can also enter a group list address in your Address Book but only manually a Adding an Individual Address To add an individual address manually which you have noted down type A Address Book while in the Pine Main Menu Then at the Address Book screen type A Add Follow the instructions given in the prompt message line at the bottom of the screen and type the requested items Press G if you need help b Taking an Individual Address From a Received Messag To copy an individual address from a message you are viewing in the Message screen or have selected in the Index screen type T Take Address The T command is not visible on your screen unless you type O Other Commands but you need not see it to use it Follow the instructions Press G if you need help c Adding a Group List Address If you routinely send messages to a group you can create a list address That way you do not need to type each person s address every time you send a message to the group To create a list address type A Address Book at the Pine Main Menu then type E CreateList and follow the instructions given in the prompt message line at the bottom of the screen Press G if you need help d Using the Address Book At the Compose Mess
60. l in which case their E mail address would be nancyl aol com 4 2 PINE The mailer at VSNL The E mail software employed by VSNL for Terminal accounts is named Pine This is a sophisticated yet easy to use E mail program mailer that was created at the University of Washington in Seattle with the specific goal of being responsive to new E mail users Pine offers On Screen Menus and Messages Pine displays your options in menus at the bottom of each screen so you do not need memorize commands On screen messages appear on a line above the command menu to give you warnings or information as you make a choice Online Help is instantly available to provide information about the task you are performing 4 3 Entering and exiting PINE To start Pine log on to your Terminal account In the First Menu screen displayed on your monitor select the first item 1 E mail and then press lt Enter gt This opens the Main Menu screen of Pine All Pine screens have a similar layout The top line tells you the screen name and additional useful information below that is the work area then the message prompt line and finally the menu of commands Note that on the Main Menu screen the work area is a menu of options To quit Pine type Q Quit For details see Section 4 19 QUITTING PINE AND LOGGING OFF at the end of this chapter The Main Menu lists Pine s m
61. l services came the concept of the as well as d is individuals connecting up to another Initially these private network but very quickly TCP 1 BBS communities Internet technology know it today All that is required to connect any network or computer up with the th Internet is the capability to use T S TCP I P gave CP birth to the P for exchanging information Internet became the Network of Networks anging information and sharing software both corporate as well as commercial had different hardware and software platforms and could not talk to each P came to be used by them and individual PCs in homes and offices by Internet as we Interconnection of This is how 12 During its evolution or lesser degr by NSF but now it has the Internet was supported and controlled to a greater American government agen become a diversified cies first ARPA and then the in some sense uncontrollable global entity Its n was reorganized its mostly detached from and until recently the Internet odes are supported by diverse sources funding was cut In the 1980s ARPA and the American defense networks were Its funding continued through the NSF the NSF paid for connecting the computers of academic institutions and government agencies Slowly the NSF permitted commercial In
62. l Port FAQ Imperial College Comms and Winsock John Navas Modem FAQ Excellent Info ns NewsGroup is a wonderful source of information covering modem and Winsock issues include 60 MIT RTFM Archives Modem Tutorial US Robotics Home Page Yahoo Modem Links Appendix D LEASED LINE INTERNET ACCESS D 1 Leased Line An inexpensive modem based connection which is set up only when it is needed is the ideal solution for occasional use of Internet Running a web server handling a large volume of mail connecting an entire network of users or offering other information services requires a permanent connection to the net and a higher bandwidth than normal modems can deliver The solution is a Leased Line connection to the Internet These are fast and permanent Depending on your bandwidth requirements VSNL can provide leased lines ranging from 2 4Kbps to 2Mbps D 2 Procedures to be completed for Leased Line Access An application along with requisite tariff must be submitted to the commercial department of MTNL Local DOT authority A VSNL Application form for leased line access must be submitted A copy of the work order issued by MTINL Local DOT authority must be given to VSNL IP Addresses and Domain Name Registration i IP Addresses A detailed network topology of the customer s network must be submitted indicating the number of hosts and number of sub networks as per Form A gi
63. lder papers doesn t exist Create Type y or press lt Enter gt to create the folder After you have created th folder or typed the name of an existing folder and pressed lt Enter gt you s a message as shown below acknowledging that the message has been saved Message copied to folder papers and marked deleted c Limited Connections and Storage at Your Account The storage of messages in folders is not meant to be permanent or long term owing to resource limitations Regardless of the number of new telephone lines installed and made available for connecting to VSNL these will quickly become saturated as e mail and Internet popularity and the number of account holders grows The same may be said for memory storage resources at the server Currently only 512 Kilobytes of memory space is permitted to an individual If your messages are stored at your account you will use more of both connection time and memory space at your account Therefore in order to keep the system available for everyone s use without overloading and to keep below your memory space limit it is not advisable to keep many messages at your account either in the Inbox or in other folders You may save messages in folders as described above temporarily A better practice is to Export the messages to a UNIX file in your account and then download them to your computer Downloading of f
64. mpletion of installation a new group is added to the program manager labeled Internet Chameleon Configuring Internet Chameleon Version 4 5 1 for Windows 3 x Defining a new Interface Double click on Custom Configuration Menu to open configuration main menu 51 Double Click on the Custom Connect icon the Internet Chameleon group Choose the New command from the file menu in Custom to open a new configuration file Choose the add command from the interface menu The add interface dialog box is displayed Select PPP and type a new interface name for e g vsnl of your choice or use the default Choose the OK button and a new line entry will be added to the Custom window for this interface Completing Your Interface Configuration From the main menu now select SETUP 1 the and then select CONFIGURATION The following submenus will appear General settings IP Address VSNL provides dynamic assignment so choose DYNAMIC CONFIGURATION AND DHCP here Host Name From Custom select the Name Resolution tab from the configuration dialog box In the host name as given in Appendix A text box type the local host name of your computer which is Domain servers Bombay subscriber may fill in 202 54 1 30 as their primary Domain Name Server and 202 54 1 18 as their Secondary Name Server For other cities refer Appendix D Host Resolution Order It should b
65. n ues at another location and around the world The use of email is that teaching learning research care business and administration are conducted used application of computer internetworking today The speed and its low cost al touch with the day to day happenings in their businesses professions each ot routine we should understand how it 4 1 Internet addressing conventions Basically an Internet E mail address part identifies the username of the person you wish to send mail to her s lives As E mail becomes a common part of our day to day E mail is the most with lows people to keep in and in works and what may be expected of it is made up of three parts The first The second part identifies what host computer or server the person receives mail is LOCa on Finally the third part identifies what subdomain this host computer ted on All three parts constitute a complete Internet E mail address Take a look at the example below surekha giasbm01 vsnl net in The username is surekha The host computer name is giasbm01l The vsnl net is the subdomain of the national identifies VSNL as a network service provider This naming system for computers connected to the Internet is explained in Section domain in The sub domain name net 1 4 of Chapter 1 However if you are sending mail to someone on
66. n the network period th research lab worl are stan reso LAN ne nm can con Wit con wit Tel use Bul In 1983 there were less than 500 laboratories and academic computer scienc academic community got a whiff of its information exchanging ability In the early 1980s power was obvio research labs around the world which Internet users at universities came up with software to participate In 1980s became very popul a mainframe np number of computers connected to ho st computers By 1995 this number h using the Intern US th Th which were Internet remained within d ad increased et was still departments developed for interconnecting ARPAnet computers and acronym for Transmission Control ARPAnet allowed engineers and scientists ca to share computers and e computer scientists developed a turned the network into a l government net to which the to 5 mil difficult was so fast convenient However There was no other method to connect up universities and and flexible t confined to organizations and earance and working on government parallel academic network which grew and eventually became known through its set up five supercomputer university Internet has been growing exponentially mostly government The rest of the and by 1987 there were about 30 000 host computers at different universities an
67. nd ftp server are freely available on net These packages can be downloaded from the net and can be configured according to your operating system Routers are the devices which reads the address on packets it receives and routes these packets to destination depending on routing table it gets or develops VSNL S technical staff will advice the customers connected to VSNL 62 through a single leased line to have a default route on their router pointing to VSNL s WAN port IP address Customer has to submit a form to VSNL giving his present network topology address requirements as well as his future expansion plans VSNL will allocate IP addresses accordingly D 5 Form A Please provide the details of the network on your side How many hosts being connected How many sub nets are being planned How many hosts after 6 months How many IP addresses required IP addresses required after six months Details of ROUTERS and other networking devices NOP WNE Also attach the network topology at your end D 6 Form B DOMAIN NAME STRUCTURE AND NAMING IN THE IN DOMAIN General 1 1 Name of Organization Institution 1 2 Address of Organization Institution contact contact 1 5 Give a brief description of your organization This description shoul clearly indicate the type of your organization e g R amp D private 1 3 The name title postal add
68. nd it off File Composed Off Line Included in Message 4 PINE 3 91 COMPOSE MESSAGE Folder INBOX 83 Messages To Dr Raj Mehta lt rajm04 giasbm01 vsnl net in gt Ce Attchmnt Subject Inclusion of a message composed off line Message Text Hello this is a fi VSNL for it to be raj Inserted 4 lines le which was uploaded to included in the email message composition online 36 G GetHelp X Send R ReadFile Y PrevPg K CutTxt O Postpone C Cancel J Justify W Where is V NextPg U UnCutTxt T To Spell We very strongly recommend the off line composition method of sending messages You will save connection time and the resources of VSNL will be more effectively used 4 6 Attaching a file to your message Pine has the capability to send and receive files which are not text files as attachments to a message This gives a power to Email which has a very wide application and use Suppose you have another office somewhere in a remote corner of the world for example Timbuktu and you are working on costing of some items and want to share the spreadsheet with your colleague there You could send it by regular mail but this takes too long by fax fast but your colleague will have to enter the data again and can possibly make a mistake So how would you do it By Internet of course with mailers e mail software which support t
69. nection is surfing the World Wide Web You can see the sights hear the sounds and even s the animation which someone might have put up on different Web pages In some instances the information is primarily graphical in nature and thus it is possible to see this information only through the TCP IP connection At the pres discuss con for Windows 95 you to surf and search the Web using hypertext links and download graphical information ent time configuring the TCP IP software is a bit complicated We figuring Chameleon suite for Window 3 x and enabling TCP IP stack to make connection to your TCP IP account This will permit B 2 Configuring TCP IP for Windows 3 1 and 3 11 a b This document Installing Chameleon Version 4 5 1 for Windows 3 x for a TCP IP access describes all the steps required for configuring Chameleon Netmanage The configurations which are not described can be left to the factory default values So here we go New Installat ion To start the product for the first time start Windows in enhanced mode 1 Insert the Internet Chameleon 1 diskette in the drive of your choice a in most of the cases 2 Select the a setup Run option under the File menu in Program Manager and type Then choose the OK button 3 At the prompts insert the appropriate diskette and choose the continue button After the co
70. o dependent on the TCP IP stack software The customer can do with a PC better than 386 and at least 4MB RAM He has to provide a V 32bis modem at VSNL side as well as one on his side Software He has to have Internet software suite installed on his PC Hardware and Software Required for Connecting a LAN A customer can connect a LAN running TCP IP with the Internet using leased line Hardware The customer has to provide V 32 bis modem on both sides He has to also arrange a router which will integrate the LAN with Internet However UNIX machines can also be specially configured to act as IP routers Software The software requirement for this type of environment depends on what type of application the user is looking for Most of the relevant software are available on the Net Discussion on 64kbps and above leased lines Usually a LAN or any internal network Company having Internet is integrated with Internet using a high Bandwidth leased line Hardware and Software required for Connecting it Hardware The customer has to provide high speed modem on both the sides and the exact modem requirements e g nature of interface etc can be intimated during actual installations He needs to have a router at his premises other than this Software Software requirements depends on applications and most of them are available over the net The packages for Web server IRC server a
71. ogin to the account will have to be followed For Windows95 you should bring the icon for the dialer e g shortcut to VSNL which is configured for VSNL available on the desktop as it will make it easier to start the dialing After you click on the icon the dialer window will appear on your screen and clicking on connect will start the dialing process via your modem After connection is made a Post Dial Terminal Screen will show up which will require your username and Password as shown in following Fig 3 6 Fig 3 6 Post Dial Terminal Screen User Access Verification Username i4u bom2 Password gilvsb4 38 gt ppp Entering PPP mode Async interface address is unnumbered Ethernet0 Your IP address is 202 54 4 206 MTU is 1500 bytes D 4 amp a atw0 14 c 4 amp o atwO x d 4 amp S amp twO 4G Q e 4 amp ojatwO IT Q F 4 amp After you have supplied username which in this case i4u bom2 and the Password which I am not going to tell you You will get a router prompt which is this case happens to be 25 gilbsb4 38 gt At this prompt you will have to type ppp and hit lt Cr gt or Enter You will then see information about the IP address which is dynamically assigned to thi
72. ontinue Exchange to No select Since No WwW and it is discussed later install ing Window 95 ing Internet ow you the modem whic i elect it To proceed further e next window HUU Se a Ce ee ha N pecified your modem before install h h the Windows 95 is configured for 1l want to install the modem by selecting it or by allowing you to Next Service Provider You are required to fill you need to press Information a name you may type VSNL 13 You will come a window titled will TCP IP account You will give your city code too Internet were not copied you will be prompted by ut Windows 95 CD in the drive so it will do so now will come up and now and if you have as the name of Service Provider then this window will Otherwise it Click Next Phone Number Be very sure to check the box window after dialing After supplying the needed information In the places provided you have to give the Phone number you will dial to connect up to VSNL s have to supply the country code You may also Bring up terminal press Next 53 to proceed 14 Next you 15 The next question and password in the space provided User Name and Password will get a window To proceed click on Next Supply your userid window is titled IP Address Here you will have to answer the
73. ount in the city you are visiting or you can go to now becoming popular at least in the U SA the cyber cafes The basic requirement is that you have telnet access Telnet is a service on the Internet as we have discussed in Chapter 6 Most of the time you have an UNIX prompt when you log on to someone s Shell accoun you are directly on to the telnet prompt In case you are at the UNIX EO prompt you type telnet and you are now at telnet prompt At telnet prompt you type the address of your VSNL server In the following example we teln to jaipur server telnet gt open jpl vsni net in eting Once you are connected to this machine which is your VSNL server at home you can use it on the shell as if you are sitting at home on your computer Chapter 4 28 are at distant locations USING E mail Electronic mail for the era they lived in when they In our el email coll leag rapidly It is natural to communicate with your friends and business associates who and this is the essence of networking Human beings have always corresponded with each other in as rapid a fashion as possible could not meet personally face to face lectronics or information technology age electronic mail E mail or allows us to communicate quickly and easily with friends and increasing changing the way heal Lth widely which it reaches its destinatio
74. ress e mail and phone no of administrative 1 4 The name title postal address e mail and phone number of the technical d limited company public limited company Govt of India Undertaking etc affiliated 2 Details of your IP Network Please duplicate questions 2 1 to 2 4 if you have more than one IP Netwo at your organization institution If the administrative and technical contacts are the same as those given in 1 2 and 1 3 use the phrase as above against the respective items There is no need to duplicate the information 2 1 Network Number Please mention your IP network number here For eg if you have a Class C address your network number would be represented with its la byte as a zero 202 41 127 0 is a network number Similarly a Class address will have the last two bytes as zeros 144 31 0 0 is a networ number 2 2 Network Name Mention the name of your network here Your network name is what you would call it or in generic terms the label you would give to your network Please type the name in upper case 2 3 Administrative Contact B Educational institutions should mention the University to which they are rk St K 63 Mention the name and complete contact information of the person from your organization who would liaison with the domain registry for administrative issues 2 4 Technical Contact Mention the name and
75. rity with the Terminal account and its available services will give the users a depth of understanding and ideas about different applications of the Internet which they may not develop when using only the TCP IP account Chapter 1 INTERNET BASICS 1 1 Introduction You must have heard of the Internet with such publicity in the newspapers You must have wondered what this computer related phenomenon is and how you could use it Now as you already have this book the answers to your 10 questions about Internet are close at hand Here are some of the ways the Internet can be useful to you Exchange E mail with any of the tens of millions of people with E mail addresses There are estimates that about 40 million people are on the Internet Search for retrieve and read literally millions of files stored on computers throughout the world Search for and bring to your computer shareware freeware and commercial software Search databases of governments individuals and organizations for files on tens of thousands of topics Join specific topic oriented discussion groups known as Newsgroups about 15 000 to 20 000 of them are there Send and receive program data files such as desktop publishing files Spreadsheets CAD files or word processor files which you or the receiver can immediately start to work on Send or receive sound animation and picture files from
76. s a trademark of the University of Washington Folder INBOX opened with 2 messages Use the compose command to continue an interrupted message Help P PrevCmd R RelNotes O OTHER CMDS L ListFldrs N NextCmd K KBLock 4 4 Composing and sending an E mail message a Writing a message To write a message type C Compose to see the Compose Message screen shown in Fig 4 2 31 Fig 4 2 Pine Compose Message screen PINE 3 90 COMPOSE MESSAGE Folder INBOX 2 Messages To Ce Attchmnt Subject Sa Message Text G Get Help X Send R Rich Hdr Y PrvPg Top K Cut Line O Postpone C Cancel D Del Char J Attach V NxtPg End U UnDel Line T To AddrB In the command menu above the character is used to indicate the lt Ctrl gt key on the keyboard of your computer It means you must hold down this key while you press the letter for each command Press G Get Help to see additional commands To move around use the arrow keys or N Next line and P Previous line To correct errors use lt lt gt backspace arrow or lt Delete gt You might start experimenting in Pine by sending yourself a message The following section shows you how Writing and Sending a Test Message to Yourself To write and send a test message to yourself 1 Type C Compose to see the Compose Message screen 2 In the To field type your
77. s session of TCP IP and some other technical stuff followed by junk characters At this point you will hav ither press F7 or click on Continue to proceed The Post Dialup Termianl screen will disappear and a window will how up titled connecting to VSNL in which at first it will be attempting o verify your username and password and then will inform you that you are ogging on to the Network Then after it has logged on to the the Internet in he window it will say the window title will say connected to VSNL You hould minimize this window and now it will appear on our taskbar of Win95 ow you are connected to Internet and in fact our computer is sitting on the Internet with an IP address 12M tet n At this point you can start any of the TCP IP applications e g browser an email client like Eudora or which ever large number of applications which are been written for TCP IP 3 4 Logging out from TCP IP Account After you have finished your session i e whatever you wanted to do and want to log out you need to maximize the window Connected to VSNL and click on disconnect Your modem at this point will drop the carrier 3 5 Logging on to your Account from any city with VSNL server Suppose that you are you are lucky enough to travel to different metros actually rather than traveling in cyberspace and you want to check your email or do surfing You may think that
78. s the product of a military undertaking The Pentagon s Advanced Research Project Agency ARPA funded its creation in 1969 as ARPAnet The initial intention was simple to develop a geographically dispersed reliable communication network for military use that would not be disrupted in case of partial destruction from a nuclear attack That aim was accomplished by splitting the data being transmitted into small packets which can take different routes to their destination The packet switched network can resist a nuclear attack in that the packets can take a different route if one route is knocked off This main feature of Internet technology also makes it almost impossible to eavesdrop on the messages 11 The communicating the data was called TCP I Protocol working on military contracts all over Ameri computer resources way new communication link individuals having US government security cl contracts called Usenet News as the agency the National Science Foundation centers procedur Internet Protocol As a second tho to exchange messages This featu The ARPAnet It soon merged with a no launched in 1979 In the late 1980s Internet which became the main nodes P an ught th re E m was firs atl n governmenta lA the American NSF of the Inter and research lab networks became connected The So in discussions over the network libraries o
79. s will vary Some of the details about it are described below a The options You can access GIAS either by a dial up or a leased telephone line Ther are two types of dial up accounts available the Terminal and the TCP IP account The tariff chart for these is given below INTERNET TARIFF Terminal Dial up Service CATEGORY REGISTRATION FEE ANNUAL 500 HOURS WHICHEVER IS EARLY Student Rs 50 Rs 500 General Rs 500 Rs 5000 TCP IP Dial up Service CATEGORY REGISTRATION FEE ANNUAL 500 HOURS WHICHEVER IS EARLY Student Not Offered Not Offered General Rs 500 Rs 15 000 The tariff for leased line access includes the line lease charge as well as the Internet account charge for a TCP IP account with permanent Internet Protocol IP address The leased lines are available at various speeds and the tariff for them is given below TCP IP Service with Leased Line Access SPEED REGISTRATION FEE One Time ANNUAL TARIFF 100 EOU 2 4 KBPS Rs 15 000 Rs 1 5 lakhs Rs 1 2 lakhs 9 6 KBPS Rs 15 000 Rs 6 lakhs Rs 4 8 lakhs 64 KBPS Rs 20 000 Rs 12 lakhs Rs 9 6 lakhs 128 KBPS Rs 20 000 Rs 18 lakhs Rs 14 4 lakhs 256 KBPS Rs 40 000 Rs 25 lakhs Rs 20 0 lakhs 512 KBPS Rs 40 000 Rs 36 lakhs Rs 28 8 lakhs 1 MBPS Rs 40 000
80. send any copies press lt Enter gt Attchmnt is an advanced Pine feature that allows you to attach files including word processing documents spreadsheets or bitmap images that are stored in your account on the VSNL computer where you are running Pine If you do not want to attach a file to your message press lt Enter gt For information about how to use this feature press G while your cursor is in the Attchmnt field In the Subject field enter a short at most a one line description of your message A one or two word description is preferred as longer ones don t fit and are truncated in the typical email index which is where the recipient first sees your message I have found that people do not use this field to its full advantage It is important to give relevant subject titles suitably coded by some shorthand notation This will help to make the task of keeping track of your correspondence easier After a while you will have floppies full of email messages and you will need a database to organize and access them Certainly something to think about Type your message below the Message Text line To move around use the arrow keys To delete characters press lt lt gt backspace arrow or lt Delete gt To delete a line press K To justify your text press J To check your spelling press T To see other editing commands press G Get Help d Inserting a Plain Tex
81. sfer service 3 Telnet Log on to another system 4 Lynx World Wide Web browser WWW 5 Chat Internet Relay Chat IRC 6 Kermit Transfer files to your PC 7 New Password Change your password 8 Zmodem download Download files thru ZModem 9 Zmodem upload Upload files thru Zmodem 10 UNIX Prompt Exit to UNIX prompt Your Selection 4 Now you are ready to do some useful work with you account First of all let me explain the first two items of the First Menu shown in figure 3 4 above Selection H i e Help gives list of UNIX commands that are available to you from the UNIX prompt and they are discussed in detail in chapter 13 Selection 0 zero logs you out of the your account and is explained in the next section You are very strongly advised to change your password to something different from the one given to you by VSNL to one of your own picking How to do this is explained in Chapter 10 3 2 Logging out of Terminal Account It may be necessary for you to stop your work on the computer at any time For this purpose it is advisable to get out of the account and log off in an orderly manner If the electrical power is accidentally disconnected or you just turn off the power to your equipment several emergency shut down systems in your software hardware and at VSNL s server will shu
82. ss will modem access Appendix C Modem considerations replace it ier it seemed that broadband access DSL But now the cost factor It seems that modem to connect to Internet is a way which will be around for some in cable modem access or Dish India still favors the dial up More updated and current information about the high speed modem to be found at Curt s High Speed Modem FAQ at http www net boy com This FAQ gives very good in depth understanding of todays 56 6 Kbps modems References The comp dcom moden Other useful sites FF FF FF F F F OF AccessOne Modem AccessOne Modem Initiali ation Strings Al s Winsock Tuning FAQ Excellent Alt Winsock FAQ Ask Mr Modem Computer Telecomn Larrow s Comn Dan Kegal s Site ISDN Page Imperial Col BM Serial Port FAQ ege Comms John Navas Modem FAQ Excellent MI US Robotics Yahoo Modem currently down and Winsock munication Systems Lynn munications FAQ Curt s High Speed Modem Page Info T RTFM Archives Modem Tutorial Home Page Links Inte Initiali rnet ation Strings Al s Winsock Tuning FAQ Excellent Alt Winsock Ask Mr Moden Computer FAQ Telecommun n Site currently down ication Systems Lynn Larrow s Communications FAQ Curt s High Speed Modem Page Dan Kegal s ISDN Page IBM Seria
83. t File If you want to send a plain text file with your message you can insert the file in the body of your message using the R Read File command on the Compose Message screen Refer to Section 4 5 below Plain text files are files created by text editors such as Pico the editor which comes into play below th Message Text line when you compose a Pine message For information about inserting files place the cursor in the Message Text field and press G Get Help Pico is discussed in some detail Chapter 13 e Hints for Sending Messages After your message is composed press X and then type y or press lt Enter gt Your message is sent and a copy is saved to the sent mail folder If a message cannot be delivered it is eventually returned to you If you want to re send a message you can use the F Forward command f Changing your Mind If you change your mind after typing X type n instead of y to continue to work on your message While you are writing a message you can type O Postpone to hold the message so you can work on it later or you can type C Cancel to delete your messag ntirely You will be asked to confirm whether or not you want to cancel a message 4 5 Composing a message off line You have been allotted 500 hours of connection time to your account per year It is a good idea to save this time as much as possible for those tasks that require online connection
84. t matter as long as they talk the same protocol to the ext 1 4 The Domain Name In order to use TCP addressing system h Internet was small is a serious matter umbers assigned to xistence and sends ne computer and b ernal world System IP for transferring data from one computer to another an as to be in place When the number of computers on the this was not a problem But now with 5 million hosts it How does one assign and keep track of all the unique each computer so that every other computer knows its data to it All this information cannot reside on just ttod 5s his problem DNS is a distribute heir address books accessed every day by all the other computers to update The Domain Name System DNS was developed to solve d database This allows local control of the overall database and yet the data in each small segment is available across the entire network 14 Other than the distributed nature of the domains the other main attribute of this system is its hierarchical nature This allows responsibility for maintaining a domain to be distributed and also allows for the information of the hosts to reside on different computers Since Internet was conceived and developed in the USA Americans defined the top level domains Initially these were designated as follows DOMAIN ORGANIZATION com For
85. t things down and log you out but there is a small chance of losing some data As a routine procedure you should log out through the software To log out select item 0 and this will log you out Alternatively you could select item 10 on the First Menu and you will come to the UNIX prompt which will be your userid followed by gt Since my userid is rajm I would get the following prompt rajm gt Type exit and press lt enter gt and this logs you off the account Something Similar to what is shown in Fig 3 5 will be displayed on your screen Fig 3 5 Logout messages on your screen Local 418 Logged out port 12 Local 010 Session 1 to TELNET on node name 202 54 1 18 established login NO CARRIER Digital UNIX giasbm01 vsnl net in ttyse You can now close down the application programs you are using on your computer and shut it off as instructed by your software 3 3 Logging on to TCP IP Account TCP IP stack would have to be installed in windows for you to access the account Appendix B gives details about installation of the TCP IP stack for windows 3 1 3 11 and for windows 95 As a part of this installation a telephone dialer will be automatically installed Since Windows95 has become a popular operating system following discussion will be in its context However whatever discussed will apply to other TCP IP stacks and very Similar procedure to l
86. ted and you can type P or N or use the arrow keys to select a different message in the list If you want to see the list of messages in a folder other than your INBOX refer to the section titled Moving Between Folders see section 4 11 c 4 8 Reading a message In order to read a message you may view it online while logged on to your account or you may transfer it to your computer first To view a message online while in the FOLDER INDEX screen select the desired message by pressing P or N or the arrow keys to highlight it Then type V ViewMsg or press lt Enter gt to see and read the selected messag To s the next message press N NextMsg To return to the Folder Index press Index 4 9 Saving an attached file when reading a message Received messages in your INBOX may have attachments which are text or binary files In that case while reading an INBOX message as described above you will see a notification that there is a file attached to the 39 message You have the option of saving the file to your account and later downloading it to your computer In case you have a new unread message with an attachment and you want to save the attachment first proceed as described above in order to read the message From the Main Menu of Pine type I to select the FOLDER INDEX Navigate with the arrow keys or P and N to select
87. ternet 3 What other topics would you like to see included in the future editions of the book 4 Any other comments that you may have Tear this form out and after filling it mail it to Dr Raj Mehta c o Mr Neeraj Sonkar DGM Systems Videsh Sanchar Bhavan M G Road Mumbai 400 001 65 About the Author Dr Raj Mehta graduated in Physics from Bombay University where he stood first in the University He pursued higher studies and was awarded MS and PhD degrees in Solid State Electronics from Stanford University California USA After his education he worked for Raytheon ITT Semiconductors Shockley Labs and IBM Research and Development Labs in California USA Initially his work was related to transistors where he contributed extensively to the basic understanding and process development that made the MOS Field Effect transistor a viable device The MOS transistor is the basic building block of today s microprocessors and semiconductor memory devices which form the brains of modern computers At IBM he worked on memory technologies including magnetic bubble memory optical memory and thin film magnetic memory and magnetic heads which are used in today s hard disk drives He has been using the Internet since 1989 via ERNET the Educational and Research Network in India where he has helped sort out some technical problems with their ema
88. ternet initiall primarily commercial use Gradually the scene maintaining the Internet y for educational and research purposes This started the rapid growth of commercial use increased as the restrictions were eased companies passed universities as main users verywhere in the USA to the Internet networks to be connected to the while forbidding Internet In 1995 NSF moved out of In April 1995 and today the American government has no part in running and It is now self sustaining Two other important developments und rlie the present explosive growth of the Internet The first took place at Cl near Geneva There in 1990 searching and accessing information sh World Wide Web WWW Th named Marc Andr are documents with their colleagues at large e second occurred at the University of ERN the European high energy physics lab physicists developed a software for publishing on the Internet as a way for scientists This came to be known as the llinois where a young student browser called Mosaic to access information from the WWW These two from the laboratory to the mainstream of WWW has been even faster than the exponential growth of 1 3 How does the Internet work If you were asked how the Since it is a global computer network called Internet who coll any information
89. the unread message which is marked by N and press lt Enter gt You will now see the text of the message plus a note at the beginning of the message saying that there is a file attached to the message as shown in the following illustration in Fig 4 8 Fig 4 8 Received Message with Attachment PINE 3 91 MESSAGE TEXT Folder INBOX Message 14 of 14 ALL Date Tue 9 Apr 1996 19 42 10 0530 GMT 5 30 From Dr Raj Mehta lt rajm giasbm01 vsnl net in gt To Dr Raj Mehta lt rajm giasbm01 vsnl net in gt Subject Test to show that a file is attached Parts attachments 1 Shown 4 lines Text 2 OK 11 lines Text This is a test to show that a file has been attached to the message and Pine has acknowledged that there is an attachment by giving the size of the file raj Part 2 Text 11 lines Not Shown Use the V command to view or save this part ALL of message text Help M Main Menu P PrevMsg PrevPage D Delete R Reply O OTHER CMDS V ViewAttch N NextMsg Spc NextPage U Undelete F Forward If the attachment is a text file the text will be shown along with the message you have received In case it is a binary file such as a Word 6 word processor file an Excel spreadsheet or an executable program file it can not be displayed by Pine and thus can not be seen online
90. tional domain might also contain sub domains each of which contains a number of systems This is often done on a departmental or service basis as in our case the systems in Mumbai are giasbm01 giasbma etc Similarly there may be many systems in Delhi VSNL may in the future have thousands of systems connected to their network Chapter 2 INTERNET IN INDIA 2 1 Indian Internet History And Status Before the appearance of VSNL s GIAS Internet had been in India for 16 many years in the form of ERNET However it was not possible for many people to get access to it as it was meant for only the educational and research communities This followed the policy laid down by the American Internet manager NSF at that time a Educational Research Network ERNET Internet in India was established almost 10 years ago as ERNET t was a joint undertaking of the Department of Electronics DOE of the Government of India and the United Nations Development Program UNDP which provides technical assistance to developing nations ERNET is one of the most successful operations that UNDP has funded It established for India the idea that we can participate in the Internet Currently ERNET operates many nodes and has a 64 Kbps link to USA via Mumbai All major nodes of ERNET are connected to each other using 9600 bps
91. tp ftp cdrom com Important Note To obtain most of freeware and shareware we very strongly recommend you point your browser to either of the following two sites http www shareware com http www download com Advantage in doing so is that when you search and find the software at either of these sites then just click on the search results and it will take to listing of download sites Once you are there you can click on file and it will come to your computer Where as if you go to the sites mentioned above you will have to maneuver to the folder to download the software For Macintosh users following are the client applications you may want to have a Browsers Presently there are two main browsers to consider Netscape Navigator and Microsoft s Internet Explorer Both of them are good and each of them have their own following Take your pick or have both Client Software Netscape Navigator at http www netscape com Client Software Microsoft Internet Explorer at 58 http www microsoft com b E mail programs Many programs are available But most popular seems to be Eudora Eudoralight is a freeware Client Softeare Eudoralight 3 1 for Macintosh at http www eudora com eudoralight c Newsreader for Usenet Newsgroups are now available at VSNL at nnttp server 202 54 1 25 Again there are many newsreaders one of popular ones is Newswatcher again a freeware
92. ttachments 1 Encoding method is to be selected as MIME 2 Attachment directory can be put as you desire Fonts and display Can be configured as you desire but for now leave it as it is General attention Can be configured as you desire for now leave it as it is Replying Select Include yourself Miscellaneous and Advanced networks No changes have to be made for now Rest of the selection items on the left can be ignored now and when you become adept at Eudora you can make your choices then You may now use Eudora for your mail You may send the mail and receive the mail using Eudora Note In this document it was assumed that your account is with VSNL in Bombay If you have account with some other ISP then changes in POP address and SMTP address have to be made accordingly Configuring Netscape dialer for your TCP IP account The Netscape dialer is available in the compressed form in three zip files The name of the files are Kitl6exl zip Kitl6ex2 zip Kitl6ex3 zip At your DOS prompt create a directory with name nettmp and copy all these three files in this directory Unzip all the thr files using pkunzip exe You will get one file named Setup exe in your directory Open windows In file menu select Run Execute the file c nettmp setup exe You will get Welcome Window Press next Setup type window will appear Select T
93. uld contact your departmental computer consultant for advice To choose the printing method go to the Main Menu of Pine type S Setup and then type P Printer Follow the instructions given in the prompt message line at the bottom of the screen Type G if you need help b Printing a Message After you have chosen the printer variables select the message to be printed while in the Folder Index screen or go to the View Messag screen Then type Y Print You will be asked to confirm your choice Note that you can use this command also to print Pine s online help text 4 17 Additional features of PINE Pine has other useful features that have not been covered in this introduc tory document Although originally designed for novice email users Pine has evolved to support many advanced features It has become an easy to us program for sending receiving and filing Internet electronic mail messages and bulletin board Netnews messages including multimedia attachments There is a PC version of Pine for use with IMAP mail servers If you would like to learn more about Pine Try all of the commands at the bottom of each Pine screen including the ones that appear when you type O OTHER CMDS Read Pine s online help often It contains tips to help you at every stage of learning Pine Read about different functions even those you do not use yet For more advanced information
94. ven below 11 Domain Name Registration and Delegation of SOA NCST is responsible for the in domain In order for the customer to obtain a sub domain under in e g xyz co in an application form B given below may be submitted to VSNL who will validate this and forward it to NCST on behalf of the customer Delegation of SOA Customer needs to run a primary and secondary domain name server NCST only delegates authority once the customer DNS is properly configured and visible on the NET D 3 Tariff for leased connection AMONU EFED REGISTRATION FEE one time ANNUAL TARIFF 100 EOU 4 KBPS RS 15000 RS 1 5 lakhs RS 1 2 lakhs 6 KBPS RS 15000 RS 6 lakhs RS 4 8 lakhs KBPS RS 20000 RS 12 lakhs RS 9 6 lakhs 61 128 KBPS RS 20000 RS 18 lakhs RS 14 4 lakhs 256 KBPS RS 40000 RS 25 lakhs RS 20 lakhs 512 KBPS RS 40000 RS 36 lakhs RS 28 8 lakhs 1 MBPS RS 40000 RS 60 lakhs RS 48 0 lakhs 2 MBPS RS 50000 RS 100 lakhs RS 80 lakhs D 4 Customer side set up The requirement varies a lot depending on the leased line bandwidth the customer is opting for a Discussion on 9 6kbps One can connect standalone PC as well as one s entire LAN to the Internet using a 9 6kbps leased line Hardware and Software Required for Connecting a single PC Hardware The minimum requirements of the hardware are als
95. ver you are through with Pine or when you must leave your computer unattended Type 10 to select the UNIX Prompt option and press lt Enter gt giving you the UNIX prompt lt username gt To log off type exit as instructed at the bottom of the screen and press lt Enter gt To return to Pine before pressing lt Enter gt delete the command type menu and press lt Enter gt then type 1 to select the E mail option and press lt Enter gt which takes you to the Pine Main Menu again 48 Appendix A DNS SERVERS IP ADDRESSES IN DIFFERENT CITIES IN INDIA amp DIAL UP ACCESS PHONE NUMBERS DNS server and IP addresses of servers presently in India The information about all the Indian hosts will be kept by the domain manager of the Internet in India which in our case is NCST at Andheri The domain vsnl net in the information about it s computers are kept by giaspnol giasbg01 blr adl hdl gwl ch1 jpl WwW bom2 lwi vsnl DNS configurations for different cities in India CITY PRI DNS ALT DNS SMTP POP3 Mumbai 202 54 1 30 202 54 1 18 202 54 1 18 202 54 1 18 Mumbai 202 54 1 30 202 54 1 1 202 54 1 1 202 54 1 1 Mumbai 202
96. very distant places Set up temporary or permanent discussion or work oriented groups Browse through resources of private or public information services that are on the Internet Communicate in real time with others connected to the Internet Set up a site with information about your company s products and services Browse and search catalogs of goods and services and purchase items on line Conduct test marketing Distribute read electronic publications Sell products and services Enumerated above are only some of the uses of the Internet which are commonly known at this time These are like the tip of an iceberg no one knows what all is possible The important thing to realize is that the Internet permits almost anything Your imagination is the only limit 1 2 A Brief History of the Internet The word Internet flashes many images upon the canvas of the mind The dominant one may be hundreds or thousands of computers and computer networks connected with each other exchanging information This is the hardware aspect of Internet Its application aspect is the multitude of different services Internet offers e g E mail and others listed and discussed in detail later in this book Yet another image is that of everyone doing their own thing Governments have attempted to control and legislate it but have failed Strangely Internet i
97. vigator ver 3 0 at http www netscape com Client Software Microsoft Internet Explorer 3 02 at http www microsoft com b E mail programs Many programs are available But most popular seems to 57 be Eudora Eudoralight is a freeware Client Software Eudoralight 3 0 1 for Windows at http www eudora com eudoralight c Newsreader for Usenet Newsgroups are now available at VSNL at nnttp server 202 54 1 25 Again there are many newsreaders one of popular ones is Free Agent again a freeware Client Software Free Agent V1 11 at http www forteinc com forte d File Transfer Protocol FTP One of the popular client for FTP is WS_FTP The name of the file is ws_ftp zip This is also a freeware Client Software Ws_ftp zip at ftp ftp simtel net ftp ftp cdrom com e Gopher software Gopher is generally not a popular service on the Internet but has lot of information pre WWW era One client software WSGopher is quite an adequate one Client Software WSGopher v1 1 at ftp ftp simtel net ftp ftp cdrom com f Inter Relay Chat IRC There are two popular freeware clients for this service of Internet mIRC and WSIRC Client Software mIRC ver5 02 Client Software WSIRC ver2 0 ftp ftp simtel net fp ftp cdrom com g Telnet Software Ewan is a good freeware for Telnet client Client Software ewanl052 zip at ftp ftp simtel net f
98. ving only a minimal familiarity with computers should be able use this book effectively The author has found from experience that once a user learns a few tasks he becomes confident to explore further and discover many other aspects of the system which serve his needs The approach taken is to show and explain the screens displayed on your monitor when you log on to the GIAS system so that the system will look less intimidating when you start to use it The steps taken to perform the most common tasks are described in some detail and the screens that come up are shown in figures This introduces the various GIAS services to the user and guides you in learning how to use them Such captured monitor screens are separated from the rest of the text by a Single line rectangular box Chapters 4 through 13 cover the services available with the Terminal account in the same order as they appear on the menu of the GIAS system in Mumbai In other cities as the order of these services may vary and some of them are yet to be made available the reader there is advised to look up the services by their topic headings Each chapter stands by itself It does not depend on other chapters in this book nor on any prior knowledge Thus it can be explored right away as needed The user is free to open any chapter and start to explore the service explained therein Chapter 14 covers the Newsgroups on
99. will install all the components of Plus not just Internet part We will assume that you will want to install the Internet part only 6 Next screen gives you seven choices out of which you deselect all except Internet Jump start Kit and Dial up Networking Server Click on Continue 7 It will install the components in the background and at the end of it you will get Internet Setup Wizard This will show you a window titled Welcome to Internet Setup 8 Click on the Next button to proceed 9 You will come to a window titled How to Connect In this window you will have two Network 2 sel options to select through radio buttons already have an account with a different servic Since we connect via VSNL button to proceed 10 You will come to a window tit 1 Use The Microsoft ect the second option ed Internet Mail provider Click on Next In this window you will have to answer the question send and receiv answers through radio b Microsoft aru Eudora mai uttons ling software this appdx Press Next 1l the files needed for he Setup Wizard to p he next window 5 pa H Internet mail Choose Modem You will have to Yes recommended ou 1 If while Do you want to use Microsoft select one of the two 2 Exchange is somewhat complicated software to use is better in my view to c
100. y Attchmnt 1 sig 504 B Subject Test to show that a file is attached Message Text This is a test to show that a file has been attached to the message and Pine has acknowledged that there is an attachment by giving the size of the file 4 e PINE 3 91 COMPOSE MESSAGE Folder INBOX 13 Messages To Dr Raj Mehta lt rajm giasbm01 vsnl net in gt Ce raj G Get Help X Send R Read File Y Prev Pg K Cut Text O Postpone C Cancel J Justify W Where is V Next Pg U UnCut Text T To Spell In the example of Fig 4 6 the attached binary file was only 504 bytes long but if you are sending a spreadsheet it will be much bigger Next make entries for the Subject field and for the Message Text which possibly includes some comments about the attached file The message with its attachment is now complete and typing the commands X and y will send the file barreling down to your friend s account in Timbuktu 4 7 Viewing the messages received Pine stores messages sent to you including those you send to yourself in your INBOX folder Messages remain there until you delete them or save them in other folders You will learn more about the INBOX and other folders in the section titled GETTING ORGANISED WITH FOLDERS To see a list of the messages you have received in your INBOX folder go to the
101. you have to connect to your account via an STD call But there is an easier and inexpensive way to using your accounts VSNL has provided this facility to log on to your shell account as well as use your TCIP IP account from any city with either VSNL or DOT server for Internet a Logging on to your Terminal or Shell account from other cities Procedure is very simple In a given city in this case since we are in Mumbai you dial in to any of the Shell or Terminal Account numbers and you will get the screen shown in Fig 3 7 Fig 3 7 Logging on to the shell account from different city 26 Logon to giasbm01 Logon to giasbm02 Logon to bom3 Exit amp WDN Ee Selection 1 Trying 202 54 1 18 Open Digital UNIX giasbm01 vsnl net in ttyt8 login guest Password Password to key in is gias123 This will not be displayed on the screen At the login prompt enter guest and at the Password prompt enter gias123 Then what you will in the final screen is shown in Fig 3 8 The top part would have rush past and you will see only the menu in the end asking you to choose the server in the city where your account is issued Fig 3 8 Menu for the cities to log onto 1 Login to DELHI SERVER1 giasdl01 2 Login to DELHI SERVER2 giasdl02 3 Login to MADRAS SERVERI giasmd01 4 Login to MADRAS SERVER2 giasmd02 5 Login to PUNE SERVER giaspn01 6 Login to CALCUTTA SERVER giascl01
102. ype y yes or press lt Enter gt The messages are now gone When you leave a folder other than the INBOX that contains messages marked for deletion or when you quit your Pine session you are asked similarly whether you want to expunge a number of messages from a named folder Type y yes to expunge them 4 15 Using the address book As you use email you build a list of email correspondents Some of their addresses may be difficult to type or remember You can use the Pine Address Book to store email addresses for individuals or groups to create easily remembered nicknames for these addresses and to quickly retrieve an email address when you are composing a message Fig 4 11 shows a sample page from an Address Book which can be entered from the Pine Main Menu by typing A ADDRESS BOOK Fig 4 11 Address Book Screen 4 5 PINE 3 90 ADDRESS BOOK Folder INBOX Message 1 of 3 mila Kovarcik Jarmila mila leland stanford edu jaml LaBrie Jim jiml svpal org ravi Agrawal Ravindra ravi iia org message by navigating to it by the arrow keys or P and N or go on and type V 45 Help M MainMenu P PrevEntry PrevPage D Delete S CreateList OTHER CMDS E Edit N NextEntry Spc NextPage A Add Z AddToList Ow There are two ways to make an entry in your Address Boo
103. ypical Press next You will get Choose destination directory location Select directory c netscape Press next Setup will continue You will get Install Wizard Complete window Press finish This will complete your installation part In Netscape Personal Edition window double click on Account Setup Wizard Press next You will get Register Window Select I have already service provider Press next You will be asked the name of dialer icon Put any name which you desire Press next You don t have to do anything in the present window Press next Again you don t have to do any thing on present window Press next ut your full name and company name ress next ut login name and password elect I need tty window ress next ut your email login and password These are same as your login name and assword as given by service provider ress next ut area code and telephone number ress next ut Primary DNS as 202 54 1 30 o Secondary DNS as 202 54 1 18 Domain name as vsnl net in Press next Put POP Server as 202 54 1 18 o SMTP Server as 202 54 1 18 Press next You don t have to do any thing in present window Press next Select the modem you are using and press next Select the port where your modem is connected This will finish your setup You will find an icon in Netscape Personal Edition window with the name you sp
104. zard Choose the drive and the directory to install the program in It will create a the installation part program group Eudora Light with one of the icons as Eudora This completes Now clicking on the Eudora icon will start this program However you have to configure Eudora for your TCP IP account before you can use it After you start the program the first thing Eudora does is to give you Setting Window Onleft hand side there will be some icons Each of this icon is to be clicked and relative settings on right hand side are to be made Please note that the following applies to your account in Mumbai in other cities you will have to use appropriate IP address or your POP SMTP servers They are given in Appendix D wne I WNF I ke WNF I Getting started POP account is to be put as Username 202 54 1 18 Real name is to be put as Your personal name Connection method should be selected as Winsock Personal Information POP account is to be put as Username 202 54 1 18 Realname is to be put as Your personal name Return address is to be put as Username giasbm0l vsnil net in or as your email address Hosts POP account is to be put as Username 202 54 1 18 SMTP is to be put be as 202 54 1 18 Checking mail POP account is to be put as Username 202 54 1 18 Check for mail every 10 minutes in this instance Eudora will check for received mess

(GIAS) by Dr. Raj Mehta

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