Slickline Basics - George E King Petroleum Engineering Oil and Gas
Contents
1. Fish Type and Dimensions eMany fishing tools only catch on limited size range OD or ID When dimensions of fish are known Prepare accurate fishing diagram Prepare wellbore or completion diagram eFactors influencing selection of tools techniques Fish stuck free Fill or junk on top of fish Fish material properties e g small ferrous objects retrieved by magnetic devices Fishing Diagram Fishing Neck Detail Depth to top of fish 3455 50 ft 3 500 in 4 250 in Fish OD and length information are presented in a general fishing diagram Wellbore tubular George E King Engineering 3 14 2009 GEKEngineering com 74 3 14 2009 P Damaged T Assembly 2 5M The top of a gas lift valve bent over in the wellbore DHV Inc 77 Ca PO n 0 2 Wellbore and Completion Geometry eMinimum tubular or restriction size Determines maximum OD of CT toolstring which can be used When assessing drift clearances Consider removal of fill ePressure differential may exist across the fish Can force toolstring up or down wellbore When determining overpull available at fish Consider wellbore geometry 3 14 2009 A 1 SAND FISHING NECK PISTON STOP PISTON ROD PISTON CYLINDER PISTON ROLL PIN SPIROLOX RING S S BALL SEAT ADAPTER BAILER TUBE STEEL PIN BALL RETAINER S S BALL STANDARD SHOE George E King Engineering GEK2. eorge E King Engineering 3 14 2009 GEKEngineering com PIM THREADS RECOMMENDED FISHING NECK WIRELINE TOOL STRING WIRE Fishing neck must be in good shape with sharp shoulders Also look for any damage to threads ALI MECHANICAL JARS PS y y B M 7 Ti KNUCKLE JOINT Courtesy of Camco George E King Engineering q i 44 GEKEngineering com Hydraulic Jars Hydraulic Jars initial problems Problematic operation in gas amp hot wells Minimal impact forces due to short stroke length Spring Jars were developed with longer stroke leading to greater impact forces Fixed spring value jar had to be disassembled to change Typically only 3 different values of spring available Adjustable Upstroke Jar PAJ Petroline Weatherford Longer stroke leading to greater impact forces Jar setting can be changed across a wide range and without disassembly Disc spring stack design a highly efficient stored energy medium Tools e Basic Tool String Design e Running Tools e Fishing Tools Pulling Weight Into the Well The Problems Long lubricators required Rig up height increased Added friction in deviated wells from longer weight stem Less wireline load capacity Added Weight Necessary to Pull Slickline into the Well at High Surface Pressures 2 45 D 6 2 lt 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
3. tool connections etc that might look up Helps to match the cut out to the shape of the impression DHV Intnl Inc uox V Odessa TX 4 815 563 3484 Wireline Logging Tools Erst Perforation 5 1 2 Casing DHWI Measurement showed largest visable U D of this fish to be 1 11 16 ess Impression block had shownT op of Fish as 3 4 diameter 7 A A A 6 7 Downhole video much better than impression blocks for real Video run through open ended information tubing while circulating 2 KEL Needle valve wedged at tubing collar 117 4 tubing collar NEN George E King Engineering Mes us GEKEngineering com a 42 EIN 1 A SHING MECK a n UPPER ADAPTER EVA Li LOCKING rium aya N mm Tijm RUNNING SKIRT INNER AARDE TOOT One type of running tool WIRE ROPE SOCKET ELINE STEM MECHANICAL JARS Courtesy of Car 2 33 A 1 George E King Engineering 65 GEKEngineering com E i 7m 17 T t NU y 2 Dom yout EI H s p fA or 3 14 2009 AD corz 1 3f8 JO PULLING Te OL TYPE JD SERIES TOP SUB CORE COBRE SPRIMG SHEAR C5 PIN COVER 6 SHEAR PIN SPRING RETAINER END C SPRING CS Pants az SKIRT PULL I NG C2 SET SCREW 3 CORE CAP 4
4. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Surface Wellhead Pressures psi Added Weight Necessary to Pull Cable into the Well at High Surface Pressures 700 600 500 400 300 200 2 e E D 6 lt 100 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Surface Wellhead Pressures psi Tools e Stem e Knuckles e Various Tools 3 14 2009 PIN THREAD UP FISHING NECK Courtesy of Camco George E King Engineering GEKEngineering com RECOMMENDED WIRELINE TOOL STRING WIRE ROPE SOCKET WIRELINE STEM MECHANICAL JARS KNUCKLE JOINT 51 3 14 2009 KNUCKLE JOINT TOP SUB FISHING NECK George E King Engineering GEKEngineering com RECOMMENDED WIRELINE TOOL STRING WIRE ROPE SOCKET WIRELINE STEM MECHANICAL JARS KNUCKLE JOINT Courtesy of Camco 52 Gauge ring cutters Problems in highly deviated wells sticking BLIND BOX RECOMMENDED PIN THREAD UF WIRELINE TOOL STRING FISHING MECK WIARE WRENCH FLATS AD P SOCKET E L FE STEM EX CD w INA EE C HA FRE CL AL AS Dimension should closely follow id of tube this allows check for partial collapse and prevents material from getting on top of tool string BLINDO Box George E King Engin Ameo 55 GEKEngigeering com 3 14 2009 CT Fishing Survey Tools Tools and devices which help deter
5. 9 GEKEngineering com eorge E King Engineering 3 14 2009 GEKEngineering com Com is There are many different types of rope rockets The number of turns in the wire influences breaking strength If wire breaks prematurely during rope sock makeup do a torsion test eorge E King Engineering GEKEngineering com 3 14 2009 George E King Engineering GEKEngineering com y Da if Ty E P FP 7 n W gt 7 e Wire Cutter Problems in Deviated Wells e When the tool string is stuck the most common approach is to cut the wire as close to the BHA as possible with a drop type cutter In high angle wells there is potential for a traditional wire cutter not to get to bottom Need for a releasable rope socket Junk in the bottom of a well D a George E King Engineering ring CAM GEKEngineering com Jars e Mechanical or spang jars old design but very effective Mostly for near vertical wells but have been used in deviated sections losese effectiveness as deviation increases e Hydraulic jars Much slower acting Less affected by deviation still requires a tight wire above the jar ms DET OL SERVICE INE nen e V X A 0
6. CORE SPRING Y SHEAR PIN Ce EJ DOG SPRING lt gt PAWLS 40 CORE a pocs 1 SKIRT REMAINING SIZES of JD PULLING TOOLS George E King Engineering GEKEngineering cam 4 Reco em E Pu oe 85 We LIME TOOL STANT 8198 ROPE BERET AL aT Ea MECHANICAL JARAS MDT LIE CB ma T Coo fico LEI Funk OL Pg BECA T O EL Courtesy of Camco 66 JD Pulling Tools note sharp shoulders and clean tool bodies JD Pulling tool commonly run just below the jar in the BHA JD tools are used for external fishing necks George E King oou GEKEngine EENEMC 3 The tops of fishing necks ak usually tapered to assist the fishing tool in locating and attaching Note sharp shoulders Note the extended body of the neck this allows some extension above the top of debris that may settle on top of the plug George E King Engineering 3 14 2009 GEKEngineering com Outside fishing neck with flow through capacity DWG NO DRAWN ge DATE 443 SHEET NO OF CHECKED BY DATE JOB NO TAILS O VS NEC H One problem with inside fishing necks is that debris may prevent the prong from entering and latching A 0 George E King Engineering GEKEngindGrogiemitresy of Camco 0 3 14 2009 Inside fishing neck for a GS running tool George E King Engineering 3 14 200 A GEKEngineering com
7. Either way too much clearance Number of tubes depends on the pressure Bottom flow tube must be close to diameter of braided line If grease use is high over 10 Ib day operator may be pumping too much grease more than needed Greases comes in different viscosities formulated for pressure and temperature combinations If hanging gauges in well on braided cable during a job do not pump grease just tighten rubbers Some greases thicken and or emulsify with well or injected fluids Formation damage can be severe Wireline Fishing Jarring Best Practices e Maximum fishing time of 45 minutes to 1 hour before reheading wire move the fatigue point fatigue caused by continual working over the shieves during jarring usually cut off 100 ft e Work to 50 of max load e Use of 0 125 and braided wire considered 1 3 14 2009 eorge E King Engineering GEKEngineering com Some Wire Types Bright Steel most widely used not for H5S or CO e AISI 304 H S service AISI 316 H55 service Wire Limits Bright Steel estimates only Wire Size Minimum Tensile Strength MaximumWork Level 0 072 972 Ib 500 to 600 Ib 0 082 1239 Ib 850 Ib 0 092 1547 Ib 1000 Ib 0 108 2436 1400 Ib 0 125 3200 1800 Ib Minimum tensile is 75 of rated break strength Data for bright plow steel wire Wire Limits AISI 304 estimates only Wire Size Minimum Tensil
8. Engineering com BAILER RECOMMENDED WIRELINE E TOOL STRING WIRE ROPE SOCKET WIRELINE STEP MECHANICAL JARS KNUCKLE JOINT A 1SAND BAIL Courtesy of Camco Bailer Bottom Flapper in the bottom of the bailer tube George E King Engineering GEKEngineering com HS Tools for running and retrieving gas lift valves note maximum length of tools and valve or dummy must fit into the tool body Latching too long a valve can stick assembly i CU Detent finger on tool body indexes tool and orients for AN running and retrieval M E George E King Engineering amp y far GEKEngineering com Tubing End Locator Problem Upon RIH with the tool we encountered high pick up weights and were unable to enter the liner and the 7 section where the finger should open up In this scenario we began to POOH with the pin unsheared Since the spring was forcing the finger out it would act as a hook on any nipples restrictions encountered while pulling out of hole However because of the smaller ID the finger would be unable to push out more than approx 45 degrees and hence the shear pin would never see any force the pivot pin would see all the stress End of Tubing Locator Arm is spring loaded and tucked into the tubing with end pointing upward At end of tubing the arm is deployed by the spring It cannot swing into the slot in the body until it shears the
9. Slickline eNo conductor Upper Sheave eSingle strand wire Stuffing Box Lubricator Typical Wireline Rig up swab valve Lower Sheave Wireline Unit master valve Springs SmartMonitor un pus 1 1 4 TE 52 7 JA George E King Engineering 3 14 2009 IN E GEKEngineering com Uu 1 7 Wireline Surface Equipment Reels and Controls BOP Lubricators Grease oil Seals Wireline BOP 2 01 242 E ing Engineering 3 14 2009 GEKEngineering com Lubricator Layout and Loading wireline operations Lubricator Length Consider the tool string length when sizing the lubricator length The available length to swallow a tool string is from the top of the swab valve to the bottom of the flowtubes This length should be the TOTAL tool length line head to bottom nose plus 3 extra feet Stuffing Box the Main Seal on the Wire Braided Line Grease Injector e Slick Line Rubber elements with and without oil injection capacity A hydraulic oil is usually used for sealing and lubrication of the wire Schematic of a Grease Injector for Braided Line Rubber Elements Flow Tubes Grease Injection Braided Line Grease Injector Blowing grease in the air the rubber is worn out Loosing grease in the well flow tubes too big worn braided line worn
10. e Strength MaximumWork Level 0 082 1280 Ib 850 Ib 0 092 1582 Ib 1000 Ib 0 105 2070 Ib 1400 Ib Minimum tensile is 75 of rated break strength 4 1 Wireline breaks involve fatigue physical damage to the wire corrosion and other factors Nominal Weight of Wire Wire Size Wt per 1000 ft of wire 0 072 14 Ib 0 082 18 Ib 0 092 22 6 b 0 108 31 Ib 0 125 44 b Selecting Wireline What devices have to be pulled weights loads What impact forces are needed What are the tubing sizes Small tubing smaller wire easier to work and recover Corrosion potential Local preferences Braided line stronger 2800 to 3500 Ib working strength but less feel when fishing and slower line speed Watch abrasion of steel by braided wire Harder to get a seal in stuffing box grease injector eorge E King Engineering UE GEKEngineering com Wireline Operations e Common workovers with wireline liquid and fill tags gauge running and retrieval gas lift valve replacement sleeve shifting plug and packer setting bailer runs Wireline Operations Advantages speed cost footprint feel Disadvantages low wire strength lack of rotation lack of circulation e Problems lack of experienced operator poorly maintained units impatience poor well records Common Problems with Wireline e Wire breaks Fatig
11. mine fish type and orientation Lead impression blocks Provide information on profile and orientation of the fish Experience required to interpret recovered impression Downhole cameras transmit images video to surface Clean wellbore fluid required Temperature time limitations High cost of service IMPRESSION BLOCK RECOMMEND UE WIRELINE TOOL STRING eam E FISHING PE lt ME LUIK E STEM poi REN CH FLATS STEEL HOUSING Ri RETAINER PINS LEAD BL lt Courtesy of Camco Set down once and retrieve Multiple set downs only confuse the imprint Also known as a confusion block generally for good reason 3 14 2009 George E King Engineering 57 GEKEngineering com E 0 qe 20 O e Y juo oh ENG Mu Moo Y u S CO Le eo x LU 5 2 KO 3 14 2009 Lead Impression Block Interpretation Offset and incomplete impression Fish lying on side of wellbore George E King Engineering MUERE GEKEngineering com 59 3 14 2009 George E King Engineering GEKEngineering com 60 Some lead impression blocks may be made in various shapes for assistance in describing shapes or locations of fish Impression Block Best Practices e Run a near drift block e Set down one time and POOH Keep a file of paper cut outs of pipe body diameters connection diameters
12. pin It is normal to pin with a small pin perhaps even steel but watch the profiles and unusual diameter changes 3 14 2009 George E King Engine GEKEngineering cofiam High Angle Wells e Rollers Used for getting wireline assemblies into deviated wells Most needed for heavy tool strings Can increase application of wireline into wells to over 80 degrees e Friction Reduction Chemical additives reduce friction by 30 Roller stem used in higher deviation wells Watch problems with deposits such as scale paraffins and asphatenes Sa George E King Engineering 3 14 2009 GEKEngineering com 3 14 2 009 WIRELINE ENGINEERING ROLLER BOGIE PATENT PENDING JULY 2000 et George E King Engineering GEKEngineering com Wireline Checklist a few pointers Check pipe connection connection and pressure rating of lubricator and BOP Check mandrel profiles and other tools to be run for correct OD profile type and function Check pressure equalization features on all pulling and retrieving tools Check that running pulling and fishing tools have the correct latch mechanism for the tool being run or retrieved Check wireline unit for proper function engine clutch and line Check wire with twist test for fatigue Have emergency plan for handling breaks and leaks
13. ponent Tapers shoulders unusual equipment compressed and extended jar lengths Wireline Equipment Checks e 2 Wire history size material use history corrosion treatment torsion testing turns before breaking jarring time in one spot working continuously over the shieve or pulley thins and fatigues wire Wireline Equipment Checks e 3 Equipment working condition support for loads lubricator pressure limit seal equipment capability and backup seal equipment sizing 0 125 Wireline extra pulling cap advantage w stubborn SSSV s need 16 shieves and winch tools etc to match more muscle required to make the rope socket when fishing it tends to come out in 2 10 lengths consider use of sidewall cutters box off wire if break main hurdle is education of the operators extra weight when deep cancels out extra pulling cap less feel less accelaration when jarring Wireline Basic Equipment Rope Socket Jars Tools Wireline torsion testers RECOMMENDED WIRELINE TOOL STRING E WIRE ROPE SOCKET EM d WIRELINE i STEM SINGLE ROPE SOCKET For 0 108 EN and larger NN Ai NE TANN on MECHANICAL WA NN JARS LN ELA iN Y 3 ye N Bor _nousma p KNUCKLE 1 JOINT j y y 4 CLAMP irc poe SCREWS 3 14 2009 George E King Engineet ngtesy of Camco DE GEKEngineering com 3 14 200
14. ue work hardening failure corrosion H5S CO acids load failure Damage to well equipment and coatings from wire abrasion Slick Line Torsion Tester Twist testing has eliminated wire breakage in many areas E Arii s 2 O GeorgelEMKing Engineering x T 1 GEKEngineering com En LI 1 LLL eden Wire Fatigue Number of turns to break wire e Wire Size New Min turns to break 0 072 29 0 082 26 0 092 23 0 108 20 0 125 22 18 Look at the type of break e Smooth no problem Jagged embrittlement possible even if the turn count is within minimum tolerance put new wire on the unit Corrosion by H5S and CO Fatigue mixed with embrittlement Wireline Fatigue e Limit the wireline crews to 50 60 jar cycles prior to POOH and cut of 50m wire Some Very Basic Learnings About 90 of success is in the operator selection Wire line breaks can be almost totally eliminated by torsion testing of wire and limiting jarring times When wire breaks always expect a little wire above the rope socket When possible run a fishing tool that has a release H5S wells can be wireline nightmares Wireline Equipment Checks e 1 Measure and record data for all equipment that goes in the hole diameters of every component tool body lengths thread patterns of each com
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