XScopes User`s Manual
Contents
1. K2 CH2issource B r3 Decrease trigger level Decrease trigger Hold ejus e ane gt o nna Logic Trigger Select 1 Logic Trigger Select 2 Logic Trigger Select 3 eee e seno meum se sre Post Trigger Post Trigger Ex Decrease of samples Increase of samples efm Figure 22 Trigger menus 2 3 1 Trigger Types There are four different trigger types which determine when to display the trace on the screen e Normal Trace only when the trigger event occurs e Single Only one trace is displayed when the trigger event occurs e Auto Trace when the trigger event occurs or after a timeout e Free Trace continuously ignoring the trigger CV DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 15 XScopes User s Manual 2 3 2 Trigger Modes Three triggering modes are available Edge Window and Slope The Edge and Slope have selectable direction The direction of the trigger is changed in the Adjust Trigger Level menu by moving up or moving down the trigger level e Edge Trigger The trigger occurs when the signal crosses the trigger level in a certain direction The trigger level is represented on the display as a rising T falling 3 or dual arrow b o Rising edge The trigger occurs when the signal crosses the level from below to above o Falling Edge The trigger occurs when the signal crosses the level from above to below o Dual Edge The trigger occur2. ok E d 500u5 FN i Z p U Ne Analog Inputs M PAT MI M M nw es FEM xn Ij PE y j Digital Inputs Arbitrary Waveform A External Trigger Cis AC DC AC DC USB Port Device Charging Curve Tracer Switch A EA s Figure 7 Xprotolab Portable 1 2 1 Input Coupling Switch 100nF The coupling switch is electrically placed between the input connector and PROBE LAC AMPLIFIER the oscilloscope s input amplifier The switch selects a direct path for DC or AC measurements or a path thru a capacitor for AC only measurements Figure 8 Input Coupling Switch 1 2 2 Curve Tracer Switch This switch connects the AWG to the input channels this is used in particular for creating V l curve traces An example of setting the device for curve tracing is showed in section 8 5 ll a pie AEE sca cH Figure 9 Curve Tracer Switch 1 2 1 MENU Power button The device is powered on by pressing the MENU button To power off press the MENU button for 2 seconds Some of the device modes disable this command so to power off set the device in Scope mode The device is also powered off when the shutdown timer expires regardless of the device mode 1 2 2 USB Port Device Charging The USB port is also used to charge the device The device can be charged either when the powered on or off When the device is powered off the battery can be fully charged in 2 hours FS DS XScopes 2 4 Ap
3. 07 Master initiates Write to slave 55 byte address 7 55 lt 054 42 B6 04 79 9A Master initiates Read to slave 55 then reads 6 bytes 3 10 UART Sniffer Connect RX to Bit 2 TX to Bit 3 The XScope can decode both the TX and RX lines of the UART at the standard baud rates 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 The screen is split in two the left side is used for the RX line and the right side is used for the TX line Each side can show 40 bytes per page With 16 pages a total of 640 bytes can be stored for each decoded line bi z nz nd Ho Bi Hz BH A 1 B Of 08 08 FT EB Ci DT Os DE 08 09 Bo Bi 9 Hz wa LH Figure 50 UART Sniffer screen 3 11 SPI Sniffer Connect the Select to Bit 4 MOSI to Bit 5 MISO to Bit 6 SCK to Bit 7 The XScope can decode both the MOSI and MISO lines of an SPI bus The SPI s MOSI pin decoding is done in hardware so it can decode data at high speed But the SPls MISO pin decoding is implemented in software using bit banging so the maximum clock allowed will be limited The screen is split in two the left side is use for the MOSI line and the right side is used for the MISO line Each side can show 40 bytes per page With 16 pages a total of 640 bytes can be stored for each decoded line ST DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 25 XScopes User s Manual 4 Arbitrary Waveform Generator The XScope has an embedded arbitrary waveform generator The waveform gener
4. 4 and 1 5 5 Can connect the XScope to the computer using the USB for firmware updates Yes Only the old hardware revisions 1 4 and 1 5 need a PDI programmer for firmware updates 6 How much power can the non portable XScopes supply The XScope can also power external devices This is the maximum current on each voltage 5V Will be the same as the power source minus 60mA 5V Approximately 50mA but this subtracts from the available current on the 5V line 3 3V Approximately 200mA but this subtracts from the available current on the 5V line 7 What is the maximum frequency that can measure with the XScope The analog bandwidth is set at 200kHz However you can still measure frequencies up to almost Nyquist 2 e 1MHz The FFT analysis will be particularly useful when measuring high frequencies 8 Can measure voltages above 20V The portable XScopes can use a 3 5mm to BNC adapter and then you could use a standard 10 1 probe On the non portable devices you can add a 9Mohm resistor in series to the input Since the input impedance of the device is 1Mohm the voltage will is divided by 10 This is the equivalent of using a 10 1 probe 9 Are the logic inputs 5V tolerant Only on the portable variants On the non portable variants the logic inputs are not 5V tolerant An easy solution would be to place a 3K resistor in series with the 5V signal this will work for signals with a frequency lower than 200kHz Another so
5. can be displayed in HEX or ASCII press K2 and K3 simultaneously to toggle between them If using ASCII only codes 0x20 thru 0x7A will show valid characters Figure 49 shows the 3x6 font Figure 49 Small 3x6 font 3 8 Sniffers Modes e Normal mode Continuous operation when the buffer is filled all pages are erased the index goes back to page 1 e Single mode The sniffer will stop when the buffer is filled e Circular mode New data will be placed at the end of the last page older data will be shifted towards the first page At the beginning the device will show 0x00 an all pages and the last page will be set The circular mode is useful if you are only interested in the most recent data received ST DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 24 XScopes User s Manual 3 9 12C Sniffer Connect SDA to Bit 0 SCL to Bit 1 The XScope implements the I2C sniffing in a bit bang fashion The maximum tested clock frequency is 400kHz Standard I2C Fast Speed As the data is decoded the data in HEX will appear on the screen accompanied by a symbol When the Master initiates a read lt is an ACK and is a NACK When the Master initiates a write gt is an ACK and is a NACK Subsequent data in the frame will be accompanied by for ACK or a for NACK There are 16 pages of data each page shows 64 bytes the total memory for the I2C sniffer is 1024 bytes Example communicating to a Sib70 Programmable oscillator 55 gt
6. defective or the traces on the crystal are shorted 6 It still isn t working If you have a multimeter and want to try to fix yourself check the following voltages If any of the voltages are wrong there might be a defective part TIP If the unit is powered with e Voltage at 5V should be between 4 75 and 5 25V e Voltage at 5V should be between 4 75 and 5 25V e Voltage at 3 3V should be between 3 2 and 3 4V e Voltage at pin 8 of U3 should be between 2 00 and 2 09V more than 5 5V the negative voltage generator would be the first component to get damaged If all fails and if the device is under warranty you can send it back for repairs CV DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 40 XScopes User s Manual 12 XScope Design 12 1 System Architecture The XScope uses many resources and peripherals of the XMEGA microcontroller Figure 73 shows the XScope s Architecture block diagram System Timer TCEO Timer LOC Timer TCCO Architecture For ADC Event CHO Trigge Ea timeout UARTsniffe I CHO Gain I ADC CHO DMA Analog Input CHO Stage CHO pl Display Analog Input CH1 y Digital Inputs AWG amplifier USB Timer RTC Screensaver e Timer TCD1 for refresh rate time check ATXMEGA32A4U be ee Figure 73 XScopes Architecture Block Diagram d DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 41 L7 XScopes User s Manua
7. other signals above the logic threshold Table 5 FFT vs Frequency Counter ST DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 19 XScopes User s Manual 2 4 3 Spectrum Analyzer l l l CHi 56Urd The spectrum analyzer is done by calculating the Fast Fourier Transform FFT CHE z EEU di of the selected analog channels or the channel math functions if enabled When ARH HAs the FFT is enabled the spectrum is plotted as frequency vs magnitude The horizontal axis represents the frequency Hertz and the vertical axis represents the magnitude Figure 34 shows the XScope in Spectrum Analyzer Mode The AAA Nyquist frequency is shown on the top right corner of the display e ee If only interested in one channel turn off the other channel to maximize the vertical display 2 4 3 1 IQ FFT Mode When the IQ FFT is disabled the XScope calculates two independent 256 point FFTs of the analog channels the Real and Imaginary components of the FFT have the same data The output of the FFT is symmetrical but only half of the result is shown on the display When the IQ FFT is enabled only one FFT is calculated the Real component is filled with the CH1 data and the Imaginary component is filled with the CH2 data The result is a 256 point FFT you can use the horizontal controls described in section 2 1 3 to explore all the data since only 128 points can be shown on the display The IQ FFT is useful to monitor RF Spectrums with the proper h
8. regular AVR programmer might not work the programmer needs to be PDI capable PDI is the new interface to program XMEGA microcontrollers Many old AVR programmers use ISP which is not compatible with the XMEGA 9 1 2 Instructions to install the tools e Install AVR Studio and USB driver e Connect the programmer to the computer and auto install the hardware A more detailed guide on how to install the tools is found here http www atmel com dyn resources prod documents AVRISPmkll UG pdf 9 1 3 Instructions to update the firmware 1 Start AVR Studio Connect the cable from the AVRISP to the PDI connector on the board Power the board P wy Press the Display the Connect dialog button m Alternatively you can go to this menu Tools Program AVR Connect Select your programmer and port AVRISP mkll and AUTO or USB In the MAIN tab select the device ATXMEGA32A4U In the programming mode select PDI eet m To check that everything is ok press the Read Signature button You will see a message saying that the device matches the signature 9 Gotothe PROGRAM tab 10 In the Flash section look for the HEX file and click Program 11 In the EEPROM section look for the EEP file and click Program 12 Go to the FUSES tab and select BODPD Sampled BODACT Continuous BODLVL 2 8V SUT 4ms 13 Click Program 14 After updating the firmware make sure to recalibrate the device See section 1 6 FS DS XScopes 2 4 April
9. represent the X and Y position Figure 42 Cursors in XY Mode CV DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 21 XScopes User s Manual 2 6 Display Settings These menus control various characteristics of the display Figure 43 shows the display menus Display Menu More Display Options wenn memos nvert Display Figure 43 Display menus 2 6 1 Persistent Display When the persistent display is enabled the waveform traces are not erased The persistent display is useful as a simple data logger or to catch glitches in the waveform The persistent mode can also be used to make frequency plots in combination with the AWG frequency sweep 2 6 2 Line Pixel Display This menu item selects the drawing method e Line A line is drawn from one sample to the next e Pixel A single pixel represents a sample The pixel display is useful at slow sampling rates or when used in combination with the persistent mode Figure 44 shows the pixel display Figure 44 Pixel Display 2 6 3 Show scope settings Toggles the display of the scope settings Channel gain and time base 2 6 4 Grid Type There are 4 different grid types No grid Dots for each division Vertical dots represent the scale divisions Horizontal dots represent the time base setting and the ground level of each channel Vertical grid line follow trigger Vertical dots represent the position of the trigger the location of the vertical dots foll
10. 1 chtctrl BitFeld8bit Channel1controls 2 3 5 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2 chzctrl BitField 8bit_ Channel 2 controls OO it Field 8bit_ Logic Analyzer Optionst it Field 8bit Trigger control it Field 8bit AWG Sweep Options it Field 8bit Sniffer Controls 3 5 o3 Bi 4 CHmask Bit Field 8bit_ Logic enabled bits Selects which logic channels are displayed NN Bi TT 6 Bi 7 Bi 08 oe 10 Bi 11 Status BitField8bit ScopeStatus 12 U 13 MET 15 16 EUN 18 it Field 8bit_ Cursor Options AAA Bit Field 8bit FFT Options AAA Bit Field 8bi AAA Unsigned 8bit Trigger Hold Range 0 255 0 to 255 milliseconds i Range 0 32767 Indicates how many samples to lid Ml acquire after the trigger Default is 128 Unsigned 8bit Trigger Source 0 CH1 1 CH2 2 9 CHD 10 EXT e a 40 desiredF LLB Unsigned 32bit AWS Desired Frequency Range 100 12500000 1Hz to 125kHz multiplied by 100 Table 8 Xscope s settings UANI DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 29 XScopes User s Manual 6 2 1 Bitfield variables Bit Chanelon CHictrl nios CH2ctrj Bit4 Invertchanne O Bit5 Averagesamples Bit Chanelon pe Bit 4 Invert channel O Bit 5 Serial Decode Bit 6 Parallel Decode 000000 Bit 7 ASCII Sniffer display Bit O Normal Trigger Bit 2 Auto Trigger Bit3 TriggerDirection UEBPT Bit4 Roundsife
11. 2 4 1 1 Roll Mode The data on the display is scrolled to the left as new data comes in This is only available on the Slow Sampling rates The Roll mode and Elastic mode cannot be selected simultaneously The Roll mode disables the triggering 2 4 1 2 Elastic Traces This is also called Display average on other digital oscilloscopes It works by averaging the trace data with the new data The result is a more stable waveform displayed on the screen However using this setting only makes sense when the scope is properly triggered on a periodic signal The Elastic trace computes this equation for every point in the trace OldTrace NewData 2 NewTrace UANI DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 18 XScopes User s Manual 2 4 1 3 XY Mode The XY mode changes the display from volts vs time display to volts vs volts You can use XY mode to compare frequency and phase relationships between two signals XY mode can also be used with transducers to display strain versus displacement flow versus pressure volts versus current or voltage versus frequency Lissajous figures can also be plotted using the XY Mode Component curves can also be plotted see section 8 5 ROLL mode will display a continuous beam When using the XY modes with a Slow Sampling rate activating the You can use the Explore Wave menu to move the graph vertically Figure 32 XY Mode 2 4 2 Meter Mode The XScope can function as a dual digit
12. 2013 Page 37 XScopes User s Manual 9 2 Firmware upgrade using the bootloader 9 2 1 Tools required e Standard USB type A to micro USB cable e Atmel s FLIP software http www atmel com tools FLIP aspx e Flip Manual with driver installation procedure http www atmel com Images doc8429 pdf e HEX and EEP files for the device found on the product s page Look for the HEX icon 9 2 2 Activating the bootloader The device needs to be powered off first The K1 button needs to be pressed while powering on the device e For the portable devices you need to press K1 and also press the MENU button e For the non portable you need to press K1 while connecting the device to the computer with the USB cable Once the XScope enters the bootloader the red LED will be lit and will blink with USB activity The XScope will appear as a new device on the host computer the drivers required are found in the FLIP application folder 9 2 1 FLIP application instructions 1 Start Flip EC 2 Select ATXMEGA32A4U in the device selection list 3 Select USB as communication medium 4 Open the USB port to connect to the target ATxmega32A4U 5 Make sure the FLASH buffer is selected and check l m Ee ERASE BLANK CHECK PROGRAM VERIFY ge 0x0 Device Boot Ids oo 00 6 Load the HEX file hex Z Blank Check KRAMER cotloader Ver LOD 7 Press RUN 8 Press SELECT EEPROM Y Program HEX File 9 Load the HEX file eep 10 Unchec
13. 3 Command Set When using the serial port the commands are sent to the XScope in ASCII format further data sent or received is in binary When using the USB interface the commands are sent as CONTROL READ requests where the request byte is the command and the Index and Value are additional parameters sent to the XScope If the PC is requesting data it will be returned in the endpoint O IN buffer Table 11 shows the XScope Interface Protocol Command Set FS DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 31 XScopes User s Manual Device Response Notes l The device returns 4 bytes containing the version Request firmware version number in ASCII pales mere 0 When using the USB interface the Index contains ithe Index is below 14 the updatemso bit is ie nee and the Value contains the data l When using the using the Serial interface two automatically set If the Index is above 34 the updateawg is additional bytes must be sent containing the index and data automatically set When using the USB interface the Index contains the lower 16bits the Value contains the high 16bits When using the Serial interface 4 additional bytes must be sent little endian format Sets the desired AWG Frequency 32bits d SaveXScope s Settings in EEPROM e Save AWG wave stored in RAM to EEPROM g StartScope A J Auto Setup When using the USB interface the Value contains the 16bits When using the Ser
14. Analog Input CH1 Input CH2 Figure 2 XScopes Block Diagram CV DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 1 XScopes User s Manual About this manual This manual targets both novice and advanced users providing a full resource for everyone However for a full understanding of the operation of the XScopes the user should be familiar with the operation of a regular oscilloscope The features documented in this manual are for the Xminilab hardware version 2 1 or Xprotolab hardware version 1 7 with firmware version 2 13 Conventions XScope Xprotolab Xminilab Xprotolab Portable or Xminilab Portable Portables Xprotolab Portable or Xminilab Portable CH1 Analog Channel 1 CH2 Analog Channel 2 CHD Logic Inputs Fast Sampling 10ms div or faster time base Slow Sampling 20ms div or slower time base Helpful tip Technical Detail Manual Revision History Version Date Notes 1 0 September 2011 First revision 1 1 December 2011 Firmware upgrade for HW 1 7 1 2 January 2012 Updated AWG maximum frequency to 125kHz 1 3 January 2012 Added vertical sensitivity on specifications 1 5 January 2012 Changed seconds units from S to s 1 6 February 2012 Corrected discrepancies in the interface protocol 1 7 March 2012 Added maximum screen refresh rate 1 8 June 2012 Merged Xprotolab and Xminilab manual added new features 1 9 August 2012 Documented latest features 2 0 August 2012 Added a chapter with example
15. NS LN Gabotronics PO BOX 110332 Lakewood Rch FL 34211 XSco pe S www gabotronics com User s Manual Main Features SE Me PN Xprotolab Portable e Mixed Signal Oscilloscope Simultaneous sampling of 2 analog and 8 digital signals e Arbitrary Waveform Generator with advanced sweep options on all the wave parameters e Protocol Sniffer SPI IC UART e Advanced Triggering System Normal Single Auto Free with many trigger modes adjustable trigger level and ability to view signals prior to the trigger Figure 1 Xprotolab Portable Xprotolab and Xminilab e Meter Mode VDC VPP and Frequency readout e XY Mode For plotting Lissajous figures V I curves or Description checking the phase difference between two waveforms n Mn e Spectrum Analyzer with different windowing options The XScopes Xminilab and Xprotolab are a combination m of three electronic instruments a mixed signal and selectable vertical log and IQ visualization oscilloscope an arbitrary waveform generator and a e Channel Math add multiply invert and average protocol sniffer all housed in a small breadboard friendly module The XScopes can also be used as development boards forthe AVE XMECA microcontroller waveform measurements and waveform references e Horizontal and Vertical Cursors with automatic External si Interface 4 Tactile External Switches XMEGA Trigger Microcontroller 8 Digital Inputs Analog
16. OR OMITE DVd S NT 35 8 2 Measurement of an RC time constant rada 35 8 3 Half Wave Rectifier with Smoothing Capaciltor et 35 A A A A ease 36 erem eroe aA SUE dada pea 36 cs sare d ud QNT ERE ER TI 36 FIMWare U DAN O scsi 37 9 1 Firmware upgrade using an external programmer RN 37 9 1 1 TODOS TEQUES Urra s 37 9 7 INSTTUCHONS TO ASIN TNS TOO Sinai id 37 ee 37 9 2 Firmware upgrade using the bootloadler Ne 38 2 225 Tale 38 922 Se gio lg sao ENSE 38 9 2 1 FAP Car OMA Ii TT ONS od a oioal 38 Frequenily Asked QUESTIONS ninia ds 39 TROUT SS OO WIN tdi 40 ASCO Pe DESION ee Pee eee 41 12 1 ao la TOU 4 A e O NR UNT 42 S Y DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 6 XScopes User s Manual 1 General Overview eS 1 1 Xprotolab amp Xminilab Pin Description TCU EA m oll a 01234567 GND CH CH2 AWG EXT T g SY 5V Figure 3 Xminilab HW 2 1 amp 2 2 Front Signals CH1 CH2 AWG EXT T Figure 4 Front and Top Signals USB 76543210 1 L 3 3V 5V 353434139090 I tee eee GND 5V 012345587 fum Figure 5 Back Signals CHI CH2 AWG EXT T m SES a Figure 6 Xminilab HW 2 3 Front Signals Name Description Commet CC e Ground reduce voltage offset errors AWG CH2 PWR LNK Table 1 Pin description ST DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 7 XScopes User s Manual 1 2 Xprotolab Portable Overview Input Coupling Switch MENU Power button SR en BR od de y
17. SS E TU TU 19 P MEE A AIG VS RT ET TT 20 eJ NG AOC en TEE E EEE TE AE TEE TET O OER 20 ee 20 ZN 20 PAE EE SE E Oe I E EE E E I A E E E E ET 21 P EM e a Ot ed 21 2532 NO 21 Za AUIONMON ECOUSO a id a is 21 Ze 21 2 59 Releenee MOV C1 OMIM a ee Da ad 21 Pcr S O MOGE ss a I I CET 21 ee 22 2 6 PERIS 22 2 22 20 E EOS AAA A sen AE A A 22 LA AENA INOG o E T E 22 DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 4 XScopes User s Manual 2 22 SI A TM ER 22 3 Logic Analyzer and Protocol Sniffer pp 23 23 Si SNA aici en RN ETT a ENEE N EAEE N E TEE E 23 O MSC NONN c T uum 23 SAIME ELOJ MMC mr 23 329 Paralel DEcodN G a a E 24 SBS de DOCO ee E A 24 cas E eT 24 C c RN eie SM OMS eo cd 24 SN 25 3 10 ELLAS SB A a EUM ELM M M a MM MM ELM MEA EE 25 3 11 S Ed Bs TIS RETURN 25 4 Arbitrary Waveform Generator pe 26 O loo A 27 Ar Ne rel aiiis i ici ET TENTE 2 4 2 1 O A M C E E 2 more ame MICI RES 27 PEN AA D M M M M E TTE 28 ba Jnterndce Prolo COl oo 28 A ee E UTE 28 o o SOC o AI T 28 6 2 1 POES EEE EEE E ge A AN 30 G0 Ome TNT ER 3 64 Vendor lILD and POT Di m 32 Te BMP Screen Capture coec st a isis 33 S Y DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 5 XScopes User s Manual 10 11 12 ZA TOSONOG BMP SCrCSN CADU GTO APO me e a E OONO TEC 33 742 TOS nd OBMP SCC Sh COOU C TO WI OK aaa N a 34 A SCODE SEXaMDlE IET AN 35 ul RESIST
18. al voltmeter The font used is bigger CHi 1 CH n in meter mode to facilitate reading The available measurements in meter mode 2 765 h 1 3 are Average Voltage DC Peak to Peak Voltage and Frequency A small trace of the analog signals is displayed below the measurements U F F FREQUENCY Figure 33 Meter Mode If there is more than 10mV of voltage in the VDC measurement with no signal recalibrate the device s offset Section 1 6 2 4 2 1 Frequency Measurements The device can measure frequencies on the analog channels and on the external trigger pin Frequency measurements on the analog channels are done using the FFT of the acquired data so measured frequencies have discrete steps The frequency range is determined by the highest frequency of the analog channels If there is a high frequency on one channel and a low frequency on the other the channel with the lowest frequency will have low resolution Frequency measurements with the FFT are best suited for analog signals Frequency measurements on the external trigger are done counting the pulses on the pin over one second The resolution of the measurement is 1Hz Frequency measurements with the Freq counter are best suited for digital signals IEEE FFT Analog channels Frequency Counter Ext Trigger Maximum voltage range 14V to 20V 2 2V to 5 5V Maximum Frequency 500kHz Over 12MHz Resolution Variable depending on frequency 1Hz range From 6 25Hz to 7 812kHz with
19. ardware mixer 2 4 3 2 Logarithm display The log is useful when analyzing low level components on the signal When analyzing audio it is also very useful as it maps more directly to how humans perceive sound The actual function performed is y 16 log gt x Example A ee be tee ee Figure 35 Triangle Wave Figure 37 FFT without Log Figure 36 FFT with Log 2 4 3 3 FFT Windows To reduce the spectral leakage an FFT window function can be applied Four FFT window types are available e Rectangular No window applied e Hamming 0 53836 0 46164 COS FFTy e Hann 0 5 x COS C e Blackman 0 42 0 5 COS 0 08 CO E gt FFTy m AL ALA Figure 38 Window and sine frequency response from left to right Rectangular Hamming Hann and Blackman FS DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 20 XScopes User s Manual 2 5 Cursors You can measure waveform data using cursors Cursors are horizontal and vertical markers that indicate X axis values usually time and Y axis values usually voltage on a selected waveform source The position of the cursors can be moved on the respective menu Figure 39 shows the cursor menus mener ei tmm ix eem o mtm rr ie poarre rarae TT rire IC DIETE H ie reene ween Figure 39 Cursor menus CHi 1i zHU 4d 2 5 Vertical Cursors Eizuf di Time interval measurements are made with a pair of time markers The oscill
20. ase can be varied from 8us div to 50s div Table 4 shows all the possible time bases One time division Explore wave Figure 16 Horizontal Menus Time Base Fast 8u 16u 324 64u 128u 256u 5004 1m 2m 5m lom 5 50 s div Slow 20m 50m 01 02 05 1 2 Table 3 Time divisions At 8ps div CH2 is not displayed 2 1 2 Technical Details lt There are two distinct sampling methods Fast Sampling and Slow Sampling Fast Sampling 10ms div or faster All samples are acquired to fill the buffer and then they are displayed on the screen o Pre trigger sampling ability to show samples before the trigger is available only with fast sampling o Only 128 samples are visible at a time varying the horizontal position allows exploring the full buffer Slow Sampling 20ms div or slower Single samples are acquired and simultaneously displayed on the display o TheROLL mode waveform scrolls to the left during acquisition is only available with the slow sampling o All256 samples are visible on the display each vertical line will have at least two samples 2 1 3 Explore Wave The horizontal position can be varied on the Fast Sampling time bases There are 256 samples for each channel but only 128 are displayed on the screen When the acquisition is stopped the full sample buffer can be explored with the K2 and K3 buttons Pressing K2 and K3 simultaneously on the default menu will center
21. ator output is independent from the data acquisition and is always running in the background You can adjust all the parameters of the waveform frequency amplitude offset and duty cycle You can sweep the frequency amplitude and duty cycle Figure 51 shows the AWG Menus mee o oense ee mm eee qe DIDI AWG Sweep Menu a mewo mw yo ring oe Wave Type 2 Sweep Range Increase Speed AWG Sweep Range Sweep Frequency Select Range Sweep Amplitude Decrease range weep Duty Cycle Increase range Exponential Wave Waveform Type Adjust Amplitude Sweep Options Adjust Duty Cycle Custom Wave Adjust Frequency Adjust Offset Adjust Frequency Adjust Amplitude Adjust Duty Cycle Adjust Offset Amplitude Duty Cycle Decrease Frequency Decrease Amplitude ecrease Duty Cycle Decrease Offset Increase Frequency ncrease Amplitude Increase Duty Cycle ncrease Offset Figure 51 AWG Menus When adjusting the parameters the K1 button serves as a shortcut key which sets predefined values When enabling the Sweep the waveform will be updated only on a screen refresh For a smooth sweep set the scope with a high speed sampling or stop the oscilloscope UANI DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 26 XScopes User s Manual 4 1 Predefined Waveforms Triangle Wave Exponential Table 6 The XScope can output the following waveforms Sine Square Triangle and Exponential There is a Period
22. dow te Sub TY Multiply BP RE C Free Auto VPP C Normal C Single Freq Hold mS 0 Force CH1 256Vidv CH2 2 56Vidiv Time 256us div Trigger amp I XY Mode auto STOP Roll Mode Figure 52 Xprotolab PC interface Lis 6 Interface Protocol m 01011011 The XScope can communicate to external devices thru the USB or the external port Each interface can access the Xscope s main settings Follow the protocols to make your own applications or to make devices that attach to the XScope 6 1 Interface settings The settings for communicating with the serial port are shown in Table 8 If using the USB interface you can use WinUSB or LibUSB libraries The USB device s endpoints have a size of 64 bytes The device uses BULK IN transfers on endpoint 1 for transferring data CH1 CH2 CHD frame and index 770 bytes total BULK OUT transfers on endpoint 1 to write to the AWG RAM buffer and CONTROL READ transfers on endpoint 0 for changing and reading settings Handshaking None Table 7 Serial settings 6 2 Control data All the XScope s settings are stored in 44 bytes table 9 shows these variables section 6 2 1 describes the bitfield variables FS DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 28 XScopes User s Manual Name DataType Description netes 0 srate Unsigned 8bit_ Sampling Rate Range 0 21 8 us div to 5Os div
23. el as trigger source the slope and window modes are not applicable the device will use edge triggering The external trigger input is an additional digital trigger source which tolerates voltages up to 5 5V CV DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 17 XScopes User s Manual 2 4 Device Modes There are multiple device modes that can be selected the menus shown on figure 30 allow selecting the Scope Mode the Meter Mode or the Spectrum Analyzer Mode FFT Another device mode is the Protocol Sniffer which is discussed in section 3 8 Scope Mode Meter Mode Set Scope mode DC Voltage Roll Mode je cines oz onem rn rre pee elm a frama meme erem ya sarron a retos K3 Logarithm display ES Cosine Window Figure 30 Device mode menus In the Mode Menu press K1 and K3 simultaneously to display both the Scope and FFT 2 4 1 Oscilloscope Mode This is the default mode of the XScope The 2 analog and 8 digital channels are sampled simultaneously Any of these 10 channels can be shown on the display Figure 31 shows the oscilloscope mode and the various sections of the display Trigger level mark Red LED Flashes with USB or LINK signal activity are detailed Green LED Flashes after every screen refresh Scope Settings The scope can also display Channel Gain Time Base the traces in XY mode which is described in section 2 4 1 3 Figure 31 Oscilloscope Mode
24. ent Figure 60 RC Equations 10 Enable the cursors TRACK option 11 Set the first vertical cursor at the corner of the wave and the second cursor where the voltage equals OV 12 The display should look like figure 61 The measured time T 2 69us is the half life time so RC 9 95us Theory of operation Circuit theory shows that if the RC circuit is fed with a step input the output will approach a DC value exponentially figure 60 shows the equation from which we can obtain RC when the half life value is known 8 3 Half Wave Rectifier with Smoothing Capacitor 1 Build the circuit shown on figure 63 2 Setthe time base to 2mS div 3 Setthe AWG to Sine wave 125Hz AV 4 Setthe gain on both channels to 1 28V div 5 The display should look like figure 62 6 If the capacitor is removed the display should 100k 0 1u look like figure 64 Figure 63 Half wave rectifier circuit Figure 64 Removing the capacitor Theory of operation The diode will allow current to flow only during the positive half of the sine wave The output voltage is a little bit lower because of the voltage drop of the diode When the AWG voltage is negative the diode acts like an open circuit and the capacitor discharges thru the resistor at an exponential rate FS DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 35 XScopes User s Manual 8 4 BJT Amplifier 1 Build the circuit shown on figure 66 2 Set the time base to 2ms div 3 Move t
25. evice for example capture sh dev ttyUSBO Then enter a name for the bmp image including the bmp file extension 600 matthew matthew laptop File Edit View Terminal Help matthewamatthew laptop capture sh dev ttyUSBe Please enter filename e g capture bmp scope bmp rx ready to receive scope bmp Bytes received 1152 BPS 562 Transfer complete mat thewamatthew laptop Figure 55 Screen capture in Linux FS DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 34 XScopes User s Manual 8 XScope s Examples 8 1 Resistor Voltage Divider uv wm o 1 Build the circuit shown on figure 56 10x 4958 0 450 2 Setthe device to Meter mode 3 You should see similar voltages as z i Figure 57 Meter mode shown on figure 37 Figure 56 Resistor divider Vin R1 R1 R2 Theory of operation The circuit is a voltage divider where Vin is 5V and Vout is the voltage at CH2 Vout 8 2 Measurement of an RC time constant 1 Build the circuit shown on figure 59 diim 2 Set the time base to 500us div pum 3 Setthe AWG to Square wave 500Hz AV 4 Setthe gain on both channels to 2 56V div 5 The display should look similar to figure 58 6 Now set the time base to 16us div 7 Turn off CH1 set the CH2 gain to 1 28V div 8 Adjust the horizontal and CH2 positions so that the rising wave takes most of the screen Uu RECEN 9 Turn on the vertical and CH2 horizontal cursors Figure 61 Half life measurem
26. he position on both channels all the way down GND reference grid is at the bottom of the screen 4 Set CH1 to 0 32V div Set CH2 to 1 28V div Figure 66 Amplifier circuit Figure 65 BJT Measurements 5 Set the AWG to Sine wave 125Hz 0 250V amplitude 6 Increase the AWG offset until the CH2 wave is centered on the display The display should look like figure 65 Theory of operation The transistor needs to be biased in its forward active region this is what the offset in the AWG is for The output voltage will vary according to the BJT transfer curve changes in the input make large changes in the output 8 5 Component V I Curves 1 Build the circuit shown in figure 69 or flip the CURVE switch on the Portables 2 On the Portables flip the input switches to the DC position 3 Set the time base to 500us div 4 Set the AWG to Sine wave 125Hz 4V 5 Set the gain on both channels to 0 64V div or 1 28V div on the Portables 6 Enter the CH2 options and select SUBTRACT 7 Set the device oscilloscope in XY mode Figure 69 Component tester Figure 68 1N4148 curve Theory of operation The goal is to plot the component s voltage versus the component s current Using the integrated waveform generator and a 1kQ resistor we can inject current into the component The voltage is measured directly using CH1 The current thru the component is the same as the current thru the resistor the voltage on the resistor is proportional to the cu
27. i Hl CHANNEL E CON2 J11 42 HG CONT CONT CONI CONT J14 Fa 8 Bel Gui qOE Us atic Figure 75 Xminilab Schem Page 43 DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Ri www gabotronics com
28. ial interface 2 additional bytes must be sent little endian format Sets the desired Post Trigger Value 16bits n p Disable Auto send Serial interface only When the Auto send is active the device will continuously send data this is to maximize the refresh rate on the PC side Enable Auto send When using fast sampling rates the device will first Serial interface only fill its buffers and then send the buffers in bursts When using slow sampling rates the PC app will need to keep track of time as the samples will arrive with no time reference All the settings 43 bytes are sent to the PC w_ Request EE waveform Serial interface only EE Wave data 256 bytes 1 1 1 X Send waveform data G character which signals the PC that the device Serial interface only is ready Then the PC sends the data 256 bytes z Then the device sends a T character which signals the PC that the data was received C Request BMP 128x64 Monochrome BMP using the XModem Serial interface only protocol Table 10 XScope Command Set 6 4 Vendor ID and Product ID If you are using LibUSB to interface with the device you will need the VID and PID of the device VID 16D0 PID 06F9 If you are using WinUSB you will need the GUID defined on the driver s inf file GUID 88BAE032 5A81 49f0 BC3D A4FF138216D6 FS DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 32 XScopes User s Manual 7 BMP Screen Capture 7 1 To
29. ic Noise option that fills the AWG buffer with random data it is periodic because the same data is output over and over but each time the Noise wave is selected new random data will be generated There is also a custom waveform which is initially set with an ECG wave but can be changed with the PC XScope Interface 4 2 Parameter Sweep The XScope has a SWEEP feature which increases one or more parameter values automatically on each screen refresh of the oscilloscope When the sweep is enabled three dots will appear at the bottom of the screen representing the start end and current sweep value When doing a Frequency sweep the frequency range is determined by the current time base Since the frequency sweep is synchronized with the oscilloscope displaying perfect frequency plots is easy To make a frequency plot set the mode to FFT and set the display to persistent See section 8 6 for an example 4 2 1 Sweep Modes Inthe Sweep Mode menu the sweep direction can be changed Automatic change of the direction is done by enabling the Ping Pong mode The sweep acceleration increases or decreases the sweep speed the sweep speed is reset when reaching the start or end of the sweep AUC 4 3 Technical Details e The waveform is stored in a 256 byte long buffer this buffer is fed to the XMEGA s DAC thru the DMA Once the waveform is set the waveform will be generated without any CPU intervention The maximum conversion rate of the DAC i
30. k ERASE and BLANK CHECK only leave Y Verify AIMEL checked PROGRAM and VERIFY 11 Press RUN Tii 12 Press START APPLICATION USB ON 13 After updating the firmware make sure to Figure 72 Flip application recalibrate the device See section 1 6 Nr DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 38 XScopes User s Manual 10 Frequently Asked Questions E 1 What tools do need to develop my own programs on the XScope If you don t need debugging capabilities only a regular cable is needed to program the device If you want to be able to debug your code you need an external debugger such as the AVR JTAGICE mkll or the AVR ONE Software Tools e Integrated Development Environment AVR Studio 4 or Atmel Studio 6 e f using AVR Studio 4 the C compiler is a separate package found in the WinAVR package 2 Can the waveform generator and the oscilloscope run simultaneously Yes the waveform generator runs on the background The AWG uses the DMA so it doesn t need any CPU intervention 3 How do power the non portable XScopes The XScope can be powered thru the micro USB port Alternatively the XScope can be powered by connecting a 5V power supply on the 5V pin Do not connect a 5V power supply and the USB at the same time 4 Can connect the XScope to the computer to control the oscilloscope and get the data Yes you can use the XScope PC Interface A UART to USB cable will be required for old hardware revisions 1
31. l Schematics 12 2 o lora ok qa MP tion Nora o Ed ly 1 c aaa sth parri ccu 3 Pe dn i uc MENU 6 2012 Gabotronics ps ic ES J6 e E R6 3 00k IS E s Te JE A Siku R13 300k Rae PTS635SL50 LFS p L V FDI 330p 2 R14 20 0k RIS 180k 3 048V P 4 WIRE SPI A A CM da INTERFACE 6 cr EXT INTERFACE c10 ct Yi P Emm dii CiS Au TSE Micro E P P 10303594 0001 A Ez 1 NX3225G 37 0 22018 cig C2 pa 6 co 7 3 9 A 10 11 E Fi PRTRSVOUZX 215 APT20125GC Daa un R22 n m DB4 C23 10 180k l E P GRN X 1 VCC 2 5 a R23 eal ae D2 eS T 12 5 Dar z REF 7 A RED wx VCOMH C VCC E Rig S nes ap ORS EXT TRIG LOGIC ANALYZER SA HA mS 1 Da ashi am ad 2 12 J UG 2864HSWEGO1 R27 IN es 180k es CFLY FUNCTION SM July 2012 GENERATOR Nn u fa i em Figure 74 Xprotolab Schematic Page 42 DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 MENU L HS Ka i HG p L le Oo dE B PTS6355L50 LFS PDI 1 2 143 34 Es 6 cw y ct EJ XScopes User s Manual 10p 10p CONS USB Micro B 101035940001 A 16MHz 4 NX 3225GA 2 3 3 ci cis CH 6 7 a c iu 0 15 Otu 3 10 5 11 J2 AWG 1 4 l T ND 3 CFLY 65u E ei E E CFLY GND GENERATOR gt EXT TRIG LOGIC ANALYZER INTERFACE CH
32. loscope will acquire more samples specified by the Post Trigger value The ability to show samples before or after the trigger is one of the most powerful features of a digital sampling oscilloscope The post trigger is only available on the fast sampling rates Depending on the post trigger settings different parts of a signal can be displayed Consider the signal on figure 26 Figure 26 Sample signal Even though the buffer sample is relatively small any section of the shown figure can be analyzed by varying the post trigger value Examples Post trigger 0 don t acquire more signals after the trigger Only the signals that occurred before the trigger event are shown i Figure 27 Post trigger value equal zero Post trigger 50 of the sample buffer default setting Half of the buffer contains samples before the trigger gt and half contains the samples after the trigger Figure 28 Post trigger 50 of sample buffer Post trigger 100 of the sample buffer Only signals immediately after the trigger event are shown Figure 29 Post trigger 10096 of buffer The actual post trigger value can vary between 0 and 32768 samples so you can explore the signal after a very long time after the trigger event has occurred but with a high post trigger value the refresh rate of the scope will be reduced 2 3 5 Trigger Source Any analog or digital channel can be the trigger source If selecting a digital chann
33. lution would be to use a voltage translator chip such as the 74LVC245 FS DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 39 XScopes User s Manual 10 The source code says evaluation version can get the full version The full source code is currently not open The evaluation source code does not contain the MSO application The HEX file does contain the full version of the oscilloscope 11 There is a new firmware for the XScope how do I update Follow the instructions on section 9 12 How does the XScope compare to other digital oscilloscopes You can check this comparison table http www gabotronics com resources hobbyists oscilloscopes htm 11 Troubleshooting Is the XScope not working Check out these tips 1 The unit does not power up If using the USB connector to power try applying 5V directly instead with another power supply 2 The unit powers up but the MSO is not working Try restoring the default settings Press K4 during power up then select Restore 3 The screen turns off after a certain amount of time This is the screen saver in action The screen saver time can be changed in factory options See Section 1 6 4 I built my own Xprotolab a particular button doesn t work There might be shorted pins on the microcontroller Check for debris or solder bridges Using a solder wick on the pins will help 5 When powering up the splash screen stays for a very long time more than 4 seconds The crystal is
34. nel trace will be replaced with the difference US div sample average Ls div mey ay samples averaged Multiply The channel trace will be replaced with the product Average The channel samples will be averaged to reduce aliasing See Figure 18 Channel Math Examples Hi 1 28 die y CHi CHe cHiHncHz 0 BHU dis Elzuil dwm Elzuil dw EE TIE M Puer APUL ve s Figure 19 CH1 CH2 Figure 21 CH1xCH2 me div ins drvi ms div ms div 8 pye divs 20 s divts 40 s div 80 s diver 200 s div 400 s div 800 e div 2000 sample samples samples samples samples samples samples samples samples samples samples average averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged Figure 18 Number of samples averaged when enabling the channel AVERAGE option The device s sampling rate is normally faster than needed to be able to average samples DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 14 XScopes User s Manual 2 3 Trigger Settings The XScope has an advance triggering system it has most of the trigger controls of a professional oscilloscope Figure 22 shows the trigger menus a rostros oma EE reese tee me More Trigger Options a rrecermpeness e varies Es Trigger Source Menu K2 PostTrigger ys Moetiseronten io res bn Adjust Trigger Level Trigger Hold a CH1isSource 0 EN Trigger level K1 Trigger level
35. ore trigger options If confused while navigating the menus it is easy to go back to the default Mode Menu menu by pressing the MENU ECN Set Scope mode button a few times Er e regenera ES Set FFT mode ca Show scope settings A green arrow 35 Miscellaneous Menu pressing the MENU button Lr Enter Display Menu Lr Sweep Options K Enter AWG Menu K Adjust Frequency Display Menu Persistent display Save Settings Figure 15 Main Menus 1 9 Saving the settings All settings are stored to non volatile memory only when exiting from the last menu This method is used to reduce the number of write cycles to the microcontroller s EEPROM The settings are not saved if the VCC voltage is under 3 15V UANI DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 12 XScopes User s Manual 2 Mixed Signal Oscilloscope z The XScope is a mixed signal oscilloscope it has 2 analog channels and 8 digital channels This chapter will focus on the analog signals More information about the digital channels is presented in chapter 3 2 1 Horizontal Settings The horizontal settings are controlled Horizontal Menu no menu shown Stop acquisition OT ripe Center Horizontal Auto Setup consists of 16 pixels Example 8us division 8us 16 pixels 500ns pixel Explore Wave on the default menu The menu is shown on figure 16 Continue acquisition Ka Explore wave 2 1 1 Time Base The time b
36. oscope automatically calculates the time difference between the two markers and displays the difference as a delta time Additionally the oscilloscope calculates the inverse of the delta time which is the frequency of the selected period 2 5 2 Horizontal Cursors Voltage measurements are made with a pair of voltage markers to determine 1 or 2 specific voltage points on a waveform The oscilloscope automatically calculates the voltage difference between the two markers and displays the difference as a delta voltage value 2 5 3 Automatic Cursors Figure 41 Horizontal Cursors When the automatic cursors are enabled the device will try to automatically make measurements on the wavetorm e Vertical Cursors The device will try find a full or half cycle of the selected waveform If both CH1 and CH2 are enabled the channel with the most amplitude will be used e Horizontal Cursor The selected horizontal cursor will be set with the maximum and minimum points of the waveform 2 5 4 Track Horizontal Cursors When Track is enabled the location of the horizontal cursor will track the signal located on the vertical cursor 2 5 5 Reference Waveform A snapshot is taken of the analog waveforms to be used as reference waveforms the captured waveforms stay on the screen The reference waveforms are stored in non volatile memory 2 5 6 Cursors in XY Mode When the XY mode is active the vertical cursors are disabled and the pair of horizontal cursors
37. ow the trigger position Horizontal dots represent the time base setting and the ground level of each channel Dot graticule The screen is filled with dots that represent the vertical and horizontal divisions 2 6 5 Flip Display The display orientation is flipped This is useful when mounting the XScope on a panel and the display s orientations is backwards 2 6 6 Invert Display When enabled the display s pixels are inverted the display will have a white background CV DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 22 XScopes User s Manual 3 Logic Analyzer and Protocol Sniffer The XScope has an 8 bit logic analyzer and can do sniffing on standard protocols I2C UART and SPI The logic inputs are 3 3V level the logic inputs are not 5V tolerant If you need to connect 5V signals to the logic analyzer you could add a 3K resistor in series with the signal or use a 5V to 3 3V level converter chip Figure 45 shows the logic menus Logic Options 2 uz Paraliei Decoding H mamme eme mme Jie Pull Resistor No pull resistor me meme ejm emm Figure 45 Logic Analyzer Menus 3 1 Input Selection A subset of the 8 digital signals can be selected Any digital signal can be enabled or disabled 3 2 Channel Position The selected digital channels can be moved up or down Only applicable if less than 8 digital signals are selected 3 3 Invert Channel All digital channels are inverted This setting also affec
38. r Bit5 SlopeTrigger Bit 6 Window Trigger Bit 0 Roll Scope Bit 1 Automatic Cursors Bit 2 Track Cursors ft Bit 5 Vertical Cursor OR Bit 6 Reference wavefoemon Bit 7 Single Sniffer Capture 00 No Grid 01 Dots per division 10 Follow trigger 11 Graticule Bit 2 Elastic Display Bit3 InvertDisplay sp ay it Flip Display oOo 00 Bit 5 Persistent Display Bit 7 Show Settings MR DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 30 XScopes User s Manual Bit 0 Hamming Window Bit 1 Hann Window Only one window must be selected or none for No Window Bit 2 Bit 2 Blackman Window Bit 2 Blackman Window Bit 3 Vertical log MFFT Bit 3 Vertical Log Bit 4 IQ FFT Bit 5 Bit5 Scope Mode Mode Bit 6 XY Bit6 XYMode EH 7 FFT Bit7 FFTMode Bit O Acceleration Direction 0 Bit 1 Accelerate Sweep Bit 2 Sweep Direction Sweep Bit3 PingPongMode S Bit 4 Sweep Frequency O O Bit 5 Sweep Amplitude Bit 6 Sweep Offset O Bit 7 Sweep Duty Cycle UART Sniffer Baud Rates Bit 1 Baud 1 000 1200 001 2400 010 4800 011 9600 Bit 2 Baud 2 100 19200 101 38400 110 57600 111 115200 Sniffer LBIt3 CPOL Clock Polarity Bit 4 CPOH Clock Phase MStatus l Table 9 Bitfield variable description Bit6 XY Mode Multiple modes can be selected simultaneously If no bits are Bitz FFTMode the Meter mode is displayed 6
39. rameter Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum _ Supply Voltage 5V 05 55 N A BatteyPowered V Andloginputs 30 30 180 180 V Digital Inputs 05 38 05 55 V External Trigger 35 68 35 68 Vv Operating Temperature 40 70 4 70 Storage Temperature 40 8 4 80 Cc Table 2 Absolute Maximum Ratings 1 The maximum voltage on the analog inputs has only been tested to these limits The device may tolerate higher voltages but it is not recommended for safety 1 6 Factory Setup The device can enter factory options if the MENU key is pressed during power up The following options are available 1 Offset calibration The unit is calibrated before being shipped but calibration is required again if the firmware is updated During calibration two graphs are shown that represent the calibration on each channel 2 Shut off timeout Sets the time to shut down the device after the last key has been pressed On the non portable devices it will only shut off the display and put the microcontroller to sleep 3 Restore defaults Select this function to restore to the default the settings There are many settings on the device if you are not familiar with them this function is useful to set the device to a known state 1 7 Quick Start Guide Take the device out of the packaging There is a protective film on the display which can be removed Power on
40. ril 2013 Page 8 XScopes User s Manual 1 3 Specifications Xprotolab Xminilab Xprotolab Portable Xminilab Portable St Microcontroller ATXMEGA32A4U 32KB 4KB Flash 4KB SRAM 1KB EEPROM Display Type Graphic OLED 128x64 pixels max refresh rate 122Hz Notes Display Size 0 96 inches 2 42 inches 2 42 inches Display Life Time 10 000 hours min 40 000 hours min 10 000 hours min 40 000 hours min 5 1 615 x 1 01 3 3 x 1 75 3 13 x 1 83 0 7 3 4 Tactile Switches USB Micro USB connector UART PDI for debugging LUA 8 Digital Inputs z 5 2 gt Frequency Counter 12MHz 1Hz resolution 100ppm accuracy 2 Analog Inputs QW a O O a Q O n O 40mAto 60mA 45mAto 75mA 40mAto 60mA 45mAto 75mA z lt gt 7mA Low Pass Filter 44 1kHz 53kHz 1 The Active current varies depending on the number of pixels lit on the display FS DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 9 XScopes User s Manual 1 4 Dimensions OSZT OSST O O O O O O A A AA C3 G3 G3 A 3 G9 Gd A A G3 C3 A A 63 C3 A C3 53 C2 d OOT OSZI OSSI O O O O O 2 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA DOT 600 2400 100 3300 Figure 12 Xminilab 2 3 Dimensions Figure 13 Xprotolab Portable Dimensions UANI DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 10 XScopes User s Manual 1 5 Absolute Maximum Ratings O xprotolab amp xminilab PortableVariants Pa
41. rrent The voltage on the resistor is equal to CH2 CH1 1V on the scope will represent 1mA on the component Figure 67 and figure 68 show examples of V I curves on components 8 6 Frequency Plots The AWG sweep function can be used to plot the frequency response of a circuit This method is not directly a BODE plot since the horizontal axis is not logarithmic it is linear 1 Connect the AWG to the input and CH1 to the output 2 Setthe device to FFT mode 3 Change to the desired time base The maximum frequency is shown on the top right of the display 4 Setthe AWG to Sine Wave 5 Enable the Frequency Sweep 6 Set the AWG Sweep range to 1 255 7 Setthe display to persistent Figure 70 shows an RLC circuit and figure 71 shows the frequency response Figure 71 Frequency plot This example shows the vertical scale with the LOG disabled FS DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 36 XScopes User s Manual 9 Firmware Updating a This guide will show how to update the firmware on your AVR XMEGA based device There are two updating methods the first method requires an external programmer You can use either method depending on your needs 9 1 Firmware upgrade using an external programmer 9 1 1 Tools required e AVRISP mkll or similar PDI capable programmer e AVR Studio 4 or Atmel Studio 6 IDE Integrated Development Environment e HEX and EEP files for the device found on the product s page Look for the HEX icon A
42. s 2 1 September 2012 Documented the Frequency Counter 2 2 September 2012 Updated Frequency Counter 2 3 April 2013 Updates to the protocol interface and minor corrections 2 4 April 2013 Added Xprotolab Portable specific information CV DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 2 XScopes User s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS TsneialOyewiswWww oo oo on 7 1d XDEOTOIOD R MIAMI Rn Desert 2 KOLOTOIOD PONADIS O VE VIS REN TURN 8 1 2 1 OUT COU ING SWIC oe T m C 8 2 8 1 2 1 MENU ROWE OU 8 L22 USB Pons DEVICE EAN Da 8 Iseecelleceolons A E PNE 9 AIDING IISIONS tai ard aed etiad inlets Reed Re 10 IAB OVIS TAIT UI RAINO iii 11 else 1 Teg QUICK IO 11 Ires MCh GIS Ss A A O 12 EZ SAVIA TINS SC MOS ar ladra 12 2 Mixed Signal OSCIIIOSCODO ici iS 13 ZN renes S m m tm I3 13 2 WES CWS e RT P 13 ZN EXILE Ag 13 2s AUO GI ee gy re Mou mM MM UR EI S RAE EIDEM M TM eres 13 LD MEN CAMS SIA O tm T EET 14 2 2 1 BR NET UM OO OT 14 A SA NR RERUM ANY een Ene Pern TART ROO EE 14 ee 14 Zi 14 2295 AGING MO ee o mme 14 S Y DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 3 XScopes User s Manual Ao o PROCE E II O ROI 15 2 3 1 ieee es 15 2 5 2 OST MNOGO aana eco MEI 16 2 9 9 MIJAH ecrin a iS cipem ro iM UNUM ua 17 VAIO MEE le M mmm 17 DO METE SO CC eo a r a 17 ZAPE VIC MOCOS ralla 18 2 4 1 OSCOS SONES MOON MEM LIUM LM 18 PS NNNM CN cS LT 18 2 2 ESTE MACS S mn a 18 e E RS 19 Ze 19 2 4 2 1 Freqyency ME ASUS ME
43. s 1Msps this limits the maximum output frequency of the AWG as a system For example if the AWG is generating a sinewave with 256 points the maximum frequency is 3906 25Hz If generating a sinewave with only 32 points the maximum frequency is 31 25KHz The AWG amplifier has a low pass filter of 44 1KHz The predefined AWG Frequency range is 1Hz thru 125 kHz The resolution of the waveform generator varies depending on the frequency range the lower the frequency the higher the resolution Note that the possible frequencies are discrete 125000 F Cycl requency ycles Period Cycles Integer number with these possible values 1 2 4 8 16 32 Period Integer number with values between 32 and 65535 ST DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 27 XScopes User s Manual 5 PC Interface Eus J EE The XScope can communicate to a PC with USB It can also communicate using the UART on the external port by using a UART adapter or the Bluetooth module Figure 52 shows a snapshot of the PC interface liT Gabotronics XScopes Interface v0 18 Oscilloscope Arbitrary Waveform Generator Protocol Sniffer Options ll Horizontal S 40 40 E A A 4 4 V 4 ow 7 AT O o8 6 A A CH cH2 LOGIC FFT REF Position Gain Y Trace Invert Rising Edge Average Falling Edge Math C Dual Edge z zd ll Color Positive Slope Math Negative Slope f Win
44. s when the signal crosses the trigger level in any direction To select the Dual Edge mode deselect Window Edge and Slope in the Trigger Mode Menu the trigger mark will change to a dual arrow 1 Edge Trigger The signal crosses a level Figure 23 Edge Trigger e Window Trigger The trigger occurs when the signal leaves a voltage range This mode is useful for detecting overvoltages or undervoltages Two arrow trigger marks represent the window levels CHi 1 zHl di Bleu tdi Window Trigger The signal is outside a range Figure 24 Window Trigger e Slope Trigger The trigger occurs when the difference between two consecutive samples is greater or lower than a predefined value This is useful for detecting spikes or for detecting high frequency signals The trigger mark is represented on the screen as two small lines with a separation proportional to the trigger value FY Slope Trigger The difference of two points in the signal is above a value Figure 25 Slope trigger CV DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 16 XScopes User s Manual 2 3 3 Trigger Hold The trigger hold specifies a time to wait before detecting the next trigger It is useful when the signal can have multiple trigger events occurring close to each other but you only want to trigger on the first one 2 3 4 Post Trigger The oscilloscope is continuously acquiring samples in a circular buffer Once the trigger event occurs the oscil
45. send a BMP screen capture to a PC You can send a screen capture of the XScope to your PC using HyperTerminal All the screen captures bitmaps in this manual where generated using this method The screen capture is done thru the XScope s serial port e Open HyperTerminal e Enter a name for a new connection example scope e Enter the COM port where the device is connected e Select 115200 bits per second 8 data bits Parity None 1 Stop bit Flow control None See figure 53 COMI Properties Port Settings Bits per second s200 vr Data bits lB Parity None Stop bits 1 Flow control None Figure 53 HyperTerminal Settings e Inthe Transfer menu select Receive File e Entera folder where to save the file and use the XMODEM protocol See figure 54 FS DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 33 XScopes User s Manual M Receive File Place received file in the following folder cal Browse Use receiving protocol modem E ouem om Figure 54 Receive File Settings e Enter a file name with a BMP extension and press OK 7 2 To send a BMP screen capture to Linux Create the following script and save as capture sh echo Please enter filename e g capture bmp By read name t h stty F Sl I15200 Caplure s rx c Sname lt 1 gt 1 To use make the script executable with chmod x capture sh Then enter capture sh into a terminal followed by the serial d
46. the device The non portable devices can be powered with either the USB or with an external power supply by applying 5V on the corresponding pin Double check your connections because the device WILL get damaged if applying power on the wrong pin The portable variants are powered with the MENU button Connect the AWG pin to CH1 On the portable variants you can flip the Curve switch instead The tactile switches are named from left to right K1 K2 K3 and K4 The K4 is the Menu button A Press and hold the K1 key auto setup The screen should look like figure 14 Pressing K2 or K3 will change the sampling rate Additional examples on how to use the device are presented in chapter 8 Figure 14 Quick start CV DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 11 XScopes User s Manual 1 8 User Interface The K4 button is the MENU button used to navigate thru all the menus The K1 K3 buttons action depend on the current menu The green arrows represent the flow when pressing the MENU button When the MENU button is pressed on the last menu the device settings are saved and the menu goes back to the default Figure 15 shows the main menus in blue and some secondary menus in yellow Further ramifications are shown on the respective chapters Horizontal Menu no menu shown Logic Inputs Menu ET umm rr K2 K3 Center Horizontal ra Trigger Source Menu CH1 Horizontal Cursors CH2 Horizontal Cursors M
47. the horizontal position When setting the XY mode the graph can be moved vertically Section 2 4 1 3 2 1 4 Auto Setup The Auto Setup feature will try to find the optimum gain and time base for the signals being applied on CH1 and CH2 CV DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 13 XScopes User s Manual 2 2 Vertical Settings The analog channel controls are discussed in this section Figure 17 shows the Vertical menu flow Main Channel Menu Ka cmmeny O K2 CH2menu ae Position shortcut Channel Menu kt Toggle Channel on off 7 CH1 and CH2 have identical settings aj I ime K3 Channel Math Average Channel po roti move Figure 17 Vertical menus Gain Settings 064 Table 4 Gain Settings 2 2 1 Disable Channel Any channel can be disabled this is useful to reduce clutter on the display 2 2 2 Channel Gain Table 5 shows the possible gain settings for the analog channels One gain division consists of 16 pixels The current gain settings for the analog channels are shown in the top right part of the display If the SHOW setting of the display is enabled 2 2 3 Channel Position The position of the waveform can be moved up or down in the Channel Position menu 2 2 4 Channel Invert The channel can be inverted The displayed waveform and channel calculations will be affected ney div 1 sample average 2 2 5 Channel Math Subtract The chan
48. ts the protocol sniffer 3 4 Thick Logic 0 A thick line is drawn when the signal is at logic 0 This is useful to quickly differentiate a 0 from a 1 ST DS XScopes 2 4 April 2013 Page 23 XScopes User s Manual 3 5 Parallel Decoding Shows the hexadecimal value of the 8 bit digital input lines The hexadecimal number is shown below the last digital trace If all the 8 digital traces are enabled then there is no space to show the parallel decoding Figure 46 shows an example of the parallel decoding with 4 logic lines enabled 3 6 Serial Decoding Shows the hexadecimal value of the stream of bits on each channel The decoding starts at the first vertical cursor and ends at the second vertical cursor 8 bits are decoded If the cursors are disabled then the decoding is done from the start of the screen to the end The data can be decoded MSB first or LSB first depending on the position of the first vertical cursor 3 7 Protocol Sniffer When the XScope is in Sniffer mode a small text appears on the screen before any data is received to indicate where to hook up the signals As soon as the data ng 08 AO Bi ats is received the data is displayed in pages There are 16 pages of data To browse Hz 08 CH thru the pages use the buttons K2 and K3 To stop and start the sniffer press the K1 button Figure 48 shows the device in sniffer mode Figure 48 Sniffer In the UART and SPI sniffers the data
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