HAND DISHWASHING - Lawtongroup.com
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1. PRERINSING Prerinsing dishes and glassware should not be necessary An automatic dishwasher detergent and a propeny installed and operating dishwasher of reasonably current vintage will do a thorough job with just a scraping off of large food particles If dishes are loaded into the dishwasherand washed later the nnse hold cycle can be used but experience may show that even this is not necessary Extra heavily soiled cookware may need a rinse soak ora prewash iit LOADING THE DISHWASHER Vanations in dishwashers make it important to study directions and diagrams in the user s manual The most important factor is the positioning of the dishes and utensils in relation to the wash action E a 007 E Be sure to place the heavily solled side of each item facing the source of the water spray at the center of the tub Don t let large items shield small ones Place cups bowls and glasses upside down Flatware should be loaded according to the manufacturer s instructions E Avoid crowding or nesting spoons togetherso watercan reach the solled areas m Place sharp items with points down for safety reasons E Be sure more delicate items are fimly supported by the rack so they won t topple and possibly break or chip Experience and results will show how closely together dishes can be placed and how fully the racks can be loaded for satisfa ctory results E Do not put stainless steel and silver flatwa re in the2. Plastics Many plastics are dishwasher safe and remain more stainfree than when hand washed There are other types of plastics that are heat sensitive and may melt and warp Check care instructions on the plastic item If in doubt try one Some may be labeled top rack only to keep them away from the heating element at the bottom of the tub When the dry cycle is not used they can usually be dishwasher washed if they are heavy enough to withstand the washing action without moving around in the tub Silver May corrode Wooden items including knife handles will lose their finish dry out crackand wanp The Soap and Detergent Association j 1500 K Street NW Washington DC 20005 2000 The Soap and Detergent Association Q Wii Vita lito WE NERG Y MANAGEMENT IN AUTOMATIC DISHWASHING The heating of water accounts for about 80 of the operating cost of automatic dishwashing Here are some waysto help save on energy costs E Operate the dishwasher only when a full load is accumulated Avoid ovenoading Overloading prevents proper water circulation overthe dishes E Use the rinse hold cycle or hand rinse soiled dishes while accumulating a fullload E Dishwashers use from 6 to 10 gallons of hot water per load depending on the cycle selected When dishes are lightly soiled use a cycle requirng less water E Prerinsing dishes is not necessary Simply scrape off food particles and bones and let
3. DISHWASHING eee FACTS oe ASSOCIATION Mo fi Avenue South Mew York New York 10016 212 725 1242 WH AND DISHWASHING HAND DISHWASHING PRODUCTS Dishwashing is probably subject to more vanablesthan any other household clean up job In theory at least any detergent or sap can be used forhand dishwashing except an automatic dihwa sher detergent However soap hasbecome almost extinct asa dishwashing product and many laundry detergents are not very acceptable Laundry detergents may leave spots and streaks the powders may not completely dissolve or may discolor certain metals with soaking A light duty liquid hand dishwashing detergent is the best choice Wit LIQUID HAND DISHWASHING DETERGENTS Regardless of brand certain characteristics are important in a hand dishwashing liquid lasting suds effective cleaning performance mildness to hands safety for dishes and other washables storage stability pleasant fragrance and appearance convenient packaging and dispensing In formulating a product to meet these cntena manufacturers in general use certain basc ingredients Ingredients Surfactantsor surface active agents are the primary ingredients in a liquid hand dishwashing detergent Often a combination of surfactants is used to produce good grease cutting capability and soil suspension mildness in water of varying degrees of hardness and a high stable suds level All surfactants in these deter
4. Water pressure may be too low Same assolution Do not use water for any other purposes while dishwasher is in operation Check service manual for water Same assolution pressure recommendations orcall appliance service company Filter needs cleaning Remove any accumulated ordeposited If dishwasher has a filter check foods and clean it penodically Oversudsing Rinse items thoroughly before Use rinse hold cycle on Prewashing with a putting them in the dishwasher dishwasher orrinse thoroughly liquid dishwashing to remove liquid dishwashing Note it should not be detergent detergent necessary to prewash dishes Insufficient amount of Increase amount of detergent to inhibit Same assolution detergent suds caused by protein solid and washing action PROBLEM CAUSES Small particles food Waternotreaching ordetergent lefton surfaces disnwasher items overcrowded Water temperature too low Insufficient water fill Powder detergent stored too long or under adverse conditions Rinse agent supply depleted Detergent cakes in If using powder detergent there may be dampness in nser dispenser cup ecb If using gel detergent the detergent may be left in dispenser cup too long before using Faulty cover SOLUTIONS PREVENTIVE MEASURES Check to be sure water action is not Load dishwasher correctly Keep blocked by dishes Check filter for filter clean accumulated ordeposite
5. by immersion or under running water then racked upside down for final nnsing Scrapers A flexible plastic or rubber scrapercan be used to quickly remove loose food soils from plates casserolesand pans Careful scraping largely eliminates any prennsing of dishes Scrubbers To remove crusty orhard residues a wide vanety of scrubbers is available Plastic mesh metal mesh rough surfaced spongesand cloths steel wool soap padsand brushes all have their devotees CINA ANNAN Some plastic mesh and rough textured spongesare gentle enough for scrubbing more delicate sufaces such as nonstick pan finishes shiny metals or china Others are strictly heavy duty and labels usually include cautions Steel wool soap padsdo an excellent job of removing discoloration and film from aluminum utensils leaving them shiny Rubber Gloves Gloves are helpful for hands sensitive to hot water to minimize fingemail damage when scrubbing and to give a better grip when washing breakable pieces Dishc loths Sponges Dishmop lt These provide the basic washing action aseach item is wiped clean with the detergent solution all sides inside and out Each type has its advantages but they all do the job Dishtowels In addition to the traditional cotton towel nonwoven fiber cloths and even paper towels can be used to dry dishes glassware flatware and pans that are not airdned Avoid a lint shedding matenal Detergents and Special
6. type of drying air or heated For most full loa ds the regular or normal cycle will do the job well but consider all the options and use any of the features the dishwasher offers Special energy saving cycles may be offered see Energy Management in Automatic Dishwashing Don t shorten the normal wash time just to save energy the washing action itself takes very little power A too short cycle may be a waste of hot water and detergent if results are poor lit UNLOADING DISHES When dry and cool a load of dishes can be left in the dishwasher until needed Most users agree that unloading should be done before starting to prepare the next meal To avoid the doubt about clean or dirty leave the door latched until all clean dishes are put away Some newer models have a signal device to indicate the dishwasher has been run TA Wid Wina WA UTOMATIC DISHWASHING ll ITEMS THAT SHOULD NOT GO IN A DISHWASHER The forceful action hot water and alkaline detergent in a dishwasher can be harmful to some items Always checkthe dishwasher manufacturer s instructions about washing Here are some items to be considered with caution Aluminum utensis Aluminum with a colored or metallic copperor gold look usually on the lids of pansand molds has a thin anodized coat that is not dishwasher safe The hamer gray orcharcoal colored anodic finish applied inside and out to some of the professionaltype cook
7. AND USE PRODUCTS ONLY FOR INTENDED PURPOSES AND AS DIRECTED The Soap and Detergent Association j 1500 K Street NW Washington DC 20005 2000 The Soap and Detergent Association ito Uinu Ulin 3 WH AND DISHWASHING HAND DISHWASHING PROCEDURES Washing dishes by hand is a fairy simple processand results are very obvious However a routine and some organization help get the job done quickly and efficiently Hit EQUIPMENT AT THE SINK Plastic Dishpan A square round or rectangular dishpan is helpful when a double sink is not available Choose a size that leaves partofa single sink accessible for scraping or prennsing dishes A dishpan can be emptied and refilled quickly with hot water and detergent as needed lt has a softer surface than a sink and breakage is less like ly Rubber Mat When washing directly ina sink a mat helps cushion the bottom and reduces breakage Drain Rack Made of plastic coated wire formed plastic or occasionally wood racks are almost essential for draining rinsed dishes With a drain tray underthe rackto catch rinse water dishescan be rinsed right in the rack with extra hot water from a spray hose pitcher or pan When there sa second sink large enough to hold a drain rack no drain tra y is necessary except pemapsfor pans and other utensils After a hot rinse most dishes will air dry witho ut wiping saving a step Cups bowls mugs and glasses need to be rinsed inside
8. Cleaners Liquid hand dishwashing detergents needed at the sink are described in Hand Dishwashing Products ll GETTING ORGANIZED Cleara space on the counter next to the sink to stack scraped and or prerinsed dishes Flatware can be soaked bnefly in a detergent solution If any pots pans or bakeware have been soaking in the sink during the meal wash them first Drain this soiled water away and use clean hot water and detergent forthe table service items and any remaining cookware Dirty dishes can be stacked on trays then moved to the sink area asspace becomesavailable In most kitchens it s helpful to place the drain rack on the side of the sink that is nearer dish storage tack dirty dishes on the opposite sde Soaking Wipe off any leftoverfood and grease from dishes and cookware using a rubber spatula or paper towels Never pour grease down the drain this can cause the drain to clog Soak dishes with greasy soils or stubbom baked on or bumed on foods To do this add liquid hand dishwashing detergent or baking soda to the soiled utensils then fill with hot water If there area number of items that need soaking use a dishpan Soak about 15 to 30 minutes or during the meal Then drain the waterand wash the dishes and cookware Some automatic dishwasher detergents may be appropnate forsoaking bumed on foods Be sure to check the label first Washing Rinsing Drying First fill the dishpan or sink wit
9. DC 20005 2000 The Soap and Detergent Association Vita Mito Wins WE NERG Y MANAG EMENT IN HAND DISHWASHING Apart from the human energy required to wash dishes and utensils the major use of fuel isto heat water for washing Individual habits of water usage vary greatly However higher usage and or shortages of incoming cold water supply are important factors in encouraging efficient use forall household purposes Of all the uses dishwashing is one where no compromise in cleanliness is acceptable Hot water is essential for both hand and machine dishwashing Savings in Hand Dishwashing Estimates of water usage forhand dishwashing range from 9 to 24 gallons 34 2 to 91 2 L per meal part of which iscold water This wide range indicates not only household vanations but diffenng procedures Undoubtedly water temperatures vary greatly Washing dishes and particularly greasy utensils in water less than 90 F 33 C even with sufficient detergent is likely to leave a greasy film The hottest water most people s hands can tolerate is about 110 F 43 30 C Keeping dishwashing water asclose as possible to this upper limit will provide good results Conserve water by reducing water quantity ratherthan temperature AAA Some Sensible Waysto Conserve Eneryy E Presoak especially difficult cooked on soils E Scrape away food residues and heavy grease E Wash lightly soiled items first and more heav
10. atic dishwasher detergents are packaged Check local recycling program guidelines and recycle empty containers when possible m NEVER reuse an empty dishwashing product container for another purpose The label instructions and precautions for one product may be dangerous to someone trying to use those instructions fora different product The Soap and Detergent Association j 1500 K Street NW Washington DC 20005 2000 The Soap and Detergent Association Vita Wii Wina IMA UTOMATIC DISHWASHING AUTOMATIC DISHWASHING PROCEDURES An automatic dishwasher produces Clean dishes keepsthe kitchen free of clutter before and after meals generally uses less water than hand dishwashing reduces breakage helps control gems and frees time forother actvities Automatic dishwashers vary from brand to brand modelto model but all clean by the action of hot detergent solution that is circulated by spray arms and towers Water temperature detergent concentration and proper loading of the racksar all important to good results Il WATER TEMPERATURE For the best cleaning results be sure the water temperature in the dishwasher is hot Most new dishwashers heat the water right in the tub to compensate for low temperature hot water supplies If the dishwasher doesnot have a heat booster run the hot water at the kitchen sink fora few minutes to clear the line of cool water before tuming on the dishwasher ll SCRAPING AND
11. ctenstic are used Phosphatestie up water hardness minerals pnmanly calcium and magnesium so the minerals won t interfere with cleaning or deposit on surfaces Phosphates also help keep food soil particles in suspension after removal from the soiled surfaces and prevent their redeposition Chlorine or Oxygen Bleaches are added to help prevent spots by leaving a cleaner surface than would be obtained with either surfactants or phosphates alone The very small amount of bleach helps break down protein soils and aids in removing stains such as coffee ortea A Conoson Inhibitor such as sodium silicate helps provide protection for the dishwasher and the wide vanety of materials that are washed Some matenals still should not be washed In the automatic dishwasher see Automatic Dishwashing Procedures The corrosion inhibitor is also a soil suspending agent and an important source of alkalinity Enzymes are naturally occumng proteins that help break down food and soil residue into small particles The small particles are then washed away Special Additives such assodium aluminate bonc oxide or aluminum phosphate may be used to inhibit the removal of overglaze and pattem from fine china Sometimes antifoams are added to reduce sudsing Additional Alkalis such as sodium Carbonate sodium hydroxide or tnsodium phosphate may be used to aid in handling greasy food soils Polymers help prevent film buildup from hard wate
12. d food or detergent If your dishwasher doesnot have a heat Same assolution booster run the hot water at the kitchen sink fora few minutes before tuming on the dishwasher This will clearthe line of cool water Run dishwasher when other household demands for hot water such as for laundry or bathing are low Water pressure may be too low Do not Sa me as solution use waterforany other purposeswhen dishwasherisin operation Check service manual for water pressure Same assolution recommendations orcall appliance service company Use powder detergent within one to two Same as solution months after purchase Open one box ata time Always close pounng spout aftereach use Store in a cool dry place If dishwasher has a built in rinse Sa me assolution dispenser add liquid rinse agent If no rinse dispenser add solid form Make sure cup isdry before adding Same assolution powder detergent Start dishwasher immediately Start dishwasher soon after adding Same assolution gel detergent Do not allow detergent to dry out in dispenser cup Do not overfill Disoenser cover should Same assolution close tightly Check cover for fit It may need to be repaired orreplaced Improper loading Do not place large items such as Sa me as solution platters in front of dispenser cups Old detergent Dark spots on sterling Contact of wet items with orsilverplate items undissolved or highly concentrated
13. detergent Use detergent within one to two months To assure freshness buy of purchase detergent asneeded and no more than one ortwo ata time Store in a cool dry place Remove spots with silver polish Rewash Do not ovenoad silverware basket Avoid spilling or pouring detergent directly on flatware Make sure dispenser cup is propeny closed and close dishwasher door slowly If possible move silverware basket away from dispenser cups PROBLEM Pitting of stainless steel items Bronze ta mish on alverplate Discoloration of aluminum Blackorgray marks on dishes Chipping and breakage of dishey glasses Distortion of plastics CAUSES Prolonged contact with salty orhighly acidic foods Contact of wet items with undissolved or highly concentrated detergent Contact between silver and stainless steel in the dishwasher Silverplate is wom off Exposure to certain minerals and alkalis in some foodsand water plus high drying temperature Aluminum utensils rubbing against dishes Improper loading Plastics vary in their tolerance to heat SOLUTIONS Remove spots with silver polish Rewash Sa me asabove Sa me asabove A temporary solution isto soak the flatware in vinegar for 10 minutes Rinse and dry The permanent solution isto replate the silver Boil a solution of 2 to 3 tablespoons 30 to 45 ml of cream of tartar lemon juice orvinegarto 1 quart 0 95 L of
14. fficient amount of cleaning results detergent especially when washing full loads or detergent in hard water or when using the energy saving cycle or air no heat drying Hard water Use additional detergent and ora film Use sufficient amount of and spot remover Then use a rinse detergent and or a rins agent agent in the rinse cycle In extremely hard waterareas To remove heavy cloudy hard water installation of a water softener film from dishware use one of the may be necessary following solutions e A film and spot remover according to the package directions or e Follow the dishwasher manufacturer s instructions precisely Manufacturers suggest different procedures such as using white vinegarorcitnc acid Caution Remove flatware or other metal items from the dishwasher when using white vinegaror citric acid crystals Water temperature too low If your dishwasher doesnot have a heat Same as solution booster run the hot water at the kitchen sink fora few minutes before tuming on the dishwasher This will clearthe line of cool water Run dishwasher when other household demands for hot water such as for laundry or bathing are low Improper loading Follow dishwasher manufacturer s Same assolution instructions for proper loading procedures Place dishes so water spray reaches all soiled surfaces Do not overcrowd the bottom rack since this will block the water spray Insufficient water fill
15. gents are biodegradable Stability and Dispensing Aids are added to keep the product homogeneous under varying storage conditions and to provide desirable dispensing characteristic s Alcohols hydrotropes and salts a re often used ae A 27 Fragrance and Color Additives a re what give a product its personality and are important though present in extremely small amounts Mildness Additives ma y inc lud e moistunzing agents certain oils and emollients certain protein compounds orother neutralizing or beneficial ingredients Preservatives are added if needed in small quantities to help prevent any microbiological growth in the product which could cause coloror odorchange poor performance and separation of the ingredients Antibactenal Agents are sometimes added to provide antibactenal protection forthe hanas Performance Factors Hand dishwashing liquids are relatively easy for consumers to compare Userscan experiment by trying various brandsand deciding which product feaures are important to them performance price sudsing fragrance and feel orpemapsthe packaging Usage is often based on the amount it takes to produce a rich thick layer of suds Though detergents are not as affected by water hardness as soap is some additional product may be necessary in very hard water An important difference in the quantity of liquid hand dishwashing detergent required isthe concentration of the s
16. h water ashotascan be comfortably used and add enough detergent asthe water is running to produce a thick rich layer of suds If rinsing in a separate sink or dishpan fill it with very hot water Washing Using clean hot water and detergent start with the lightly soiled items generally glassware and flatware followed by plates of various sizes serving dishes and finally any remaining cookware not previously washed Change the dishwashing solution if it becomes greasy too cool or if the suds disappear Otherwise film and soil will not be completely removed Handle kitchen knives carefully by their handles don t pile them into the sink or dishpan but wash them one by one and rack them with handles up There are several ways to wash dishes Some people prefer to lift each piece out of the sudsto wipe it with cloth or sponge others like to keep dishes beneath the suds surface so soil floats away Some stack dishes in the sink or dishpan others like to take each piece from the counter wash it and take another M Wie AA MH AND DISHWASHING Rinsing The hotter the rinse water the faster dishes will air dry After racking dishes pour or spray hot water over them if they haven t been dipped in a nnsing sink or pan Rinse inside cups bowls and glassware Drying Air drying is easier than towel drying and may be more sanitary than drying with a soiled towel However wiping with a clean towel is particularly u
17. id rinse agent If no rinse dispenser add solid form Use of a rinse agent will aid in drying Imeversible condition After food soil is removed wash dishes with citric acid crystals Check dishwasher manufacturer s instructions for amount to use and method Do not add detergent A liquid product is available to remove iron deposits from the dishwasher interior follow the package instructions To retard staining use maximum amount of dishwasher detergent to keep iron or manganese in suspension during the wash Use a rinse additive during the rinse Imeversible condition Use the rinse hold cycle at least once a day untila load accumulates orhand rinse dishes before loading dishwasher Clean filter according to manufacturer s instructions Add approximately 3 tablespoons 45 ml of baking soda to bottom of dishwasher to absorb odors PREVENTIVE MEASURES Same assolution Same assolution Same assolution DO NOTput these items in the dishwasher unless recommended by the manufacturer Check instruction booklet first If taining cannot be controlled the only solution is in the installation of iron removal equipment in the home water supply The condition may not always be preventable To minimize the possibilty of etching use a minimum of detergent but not less than 1 tablespoon 15 ml Underload dishwasher for thorough rinsing and draining and dry without heat Use a detergen
18. ily soiled items later Change the washing solution when it cools down or becomes greasy or dirty E Wash ina sink or dishpan of hot suds rather than under running water even fora few dishes E Rinse by dipping each item in a pan of hot water or by racking dishesand spray nnsing Avoid running hot water continuously for rinsing E Accumulate dishes ratherthan running hot water fora few items Soaking will soften food soils The Soap and Detergent Association 1500 K Street NW Washington DC 20005 2000 The Soap and Detergent Association a TTA Witu Wits IM AND DISHWASHING PROBLEMS CAUSES and SOLUTIONS PROBLEM Gray ormetal marks on dinnerware Spots and film on glassware Bumed on food in pans Baked on food in casseroles other bakeware of glass or glass ceramic matenal Coffee tea stains on plastic orchina cups Darkened aluminum Staining of nonstick cookware 1500 K Street NW 2000 The Soap and Detergent Association CAUSES Knife or fork drawn acrossthe surface of some types of dinnerware generally the stronger harderceramic matenals A spoon used to stirin a stoneware cup Wash water temperature too low Insufficient amount of detergent Cooking at too high a temperature or too long a time Cooking certain types of food such as those containing cheese gravies eggs or pie fillings Cups not rinsed and washed soon after using Exposure to certain m
19. inerals and alkalis in some foodsand water Minerals in water baked on fat food stains orthe use of excessive heat The Soap and Detergent Association Washington DC 20005 SOLUTIONS Scour gently with mild abrasive cleanser baking soda or plastic mesh pad Same asabove Increase water temperature and rinse thoroughly in hot water Increase amount of detergent Bring a solution of baking soda and water 3 tablespoons in 1 quart to a boil in the soiled pan Remove from heat and add 1 tablespoon liquid hand dishwashing detergent and allow to cool If soil remains scrub with baking soda sprinkled on a plastic scouring pad or sponge rinse and dry Scour gently with mild abrasive cleanser baking soda or plastic mesh pad Soak in a solution of liquid hand dishwashing detergent and or baking soda and water to loosen soil Do not use any automatic dishwasher detergent product for hand washing unless recommended by the product manufacturer Do not use metal scouring padsasthey may scratch the surface Use a special cleaner made for coffee potsand cups ora solution of 1 tablespoon 15 ml liquid or powdered sodium hypochlonte bleach in 1 quart 0 95 L of water Certain oxygen bleachescan be used Follow label directions Another method isto sprinkle baking soda onto a damp cloth or sponge rub surface until clean rinse and dry Avoid the use of an abrasive cleanser which may abrade the surface and make the cupsmo
20. l dishwasher detergents may require shaking before use It is important that automatic dishwasher detergent and specialty products like all household cleaning products be kept out of the reach of children and inaccessible to them Storage under the sink may not only make the product too accessible to small children but it is also too warm and damp for good storage of automatic dishwasher detergents Do not store any detergent in the dishwasher where curious children may find it ll DISPOSAL OF AUTOMATIC DISHWASHING PRODUCTS Just as you exercise care in the manner in which you use and store other household cleaning products you should propeny dispose of empty dishwasher detergent containers or small amounts of leftover products by following some simple procedures E Get the most for your money USE THE PRODUCT UP If you find you cannot use all of the product you purchased give ittoa fnend but make sure the label with directions and precautions is still legible MH Always check labels for any special disposal procedures and follow instructions Unused powder and gel automatic dishwasher detergents liquid rinse agents and film and spot removers can be disposed of down the drain with plenty of water Tablet dishwasher detergents and solid nnse agents can be disposed in the trash E Don t mix products when disposing of them E Many communities recycle the plastic containers in which gel autom
21. nt in a separate cycle orcombined with the dishwasher detergent Some dishwasher manuals may suggest the use of white vinegaror citnc acid crystals to remove film and stains When using any product not specifically made for dishwasher use it is very important to follow the dishwasher manufacturer s instructions precisely and not substitute or vary the procedures Make certain the product is safe forthe item being cleaned Lime and Rust Removers a re available in liquid or powder form to remove lime and rust deposits from the intenor of the dishwasher The product a combination of acids Is added at the beginning of the main wash cycle no dishes or other products should be present with the dishwasher completing the rest of the cycles automatically The dishwasher should then be put through another complete cycle using a dishwasher detergent to clean the intenor of any dissolved lime or rust residue ll STORAGE Powder automatic dishwasher detergents tend to pick up moisture and can become caked or lumpy Moisture can degrade bleaching compounds This is why most are packaged with moisture bamers or in bottles Open the package care fully to avoid removing any more of the outer wrap than is necessary and always reclose the package tightly It is wise not to buy any packages that have been slit or tom or more than one ortwo ata time to assure freshness and pourability Store in a cool dry place MR c 00 Some ge
22. orough cleaning to retain non stick performance Use a plastic mesh scounng pad designed for cleaning nonstick surfaces a light duty plastic coated sponge or sonnkle baking soda on the bottom of the pan and gently scrub Use plenty of hot waterand detergent to remove any greasy film E Oven glass casseroles and dishes can show cloudy areas even when clean This is usually a food film of protein ongin milk cheese egg meat juice Rubbing witha soonge orcloth and white vinegar will usually remove the film E When there is illness in a family such as colds flu ora communicable disease doctors often recommend a degree of isolation and use of disposable eating utensils While careful dishpan practicescan help home sanitation and clean dishes are seldom the camerss of disease organisms do follow doctorsadvice A 5 minute soak after washing in a solution of 1 tablespoon 15 ml liquid household sodium hypochlonte bleach to 1 gallon 3 8 L of water Should kill household gems This method isnot recommended for silver flatware which may tamish CAUTION Because of the vanety of ingredients in hand dishwashing detergents check with the detergent manufacturer before mixing sodium hypochlonte bleach and hand dishwashing detergents Some formulations contain ingredients that are incompatible with the bleach and hazardous gasesmay be released The Soap and Detergent Association 1500 K Street NW Washington
23. r Thickening Agents are used in gel automatic dishwasher detergents so the product remains in the dishwasher cup s until automatically dispensed atthe appropnate time Colorants are added to lend individuality and an appealing appearance to the product Processing Adis generally inert matenals allow the active ingredients to be combined into a usable form Fragrance coversthe chemical odor of the base product and stale food odors that might come from the dishwasher Specialty productsare also available to help prevent or correct problems ll SPECIALTY PRODUCTS Rinse Agents are formulated to lower the surface tension of the water causing it to sheet off the dishes A nnse agent helps a dishwasher rinse away residues that cause spots and film Rinse agents are helpful for obtaining dry dishware when dishwasher energy Saving cyclesare used orwhen dishes are left to airdry Liquids are available for use in dishwashers with a built in rinse reservoirand dispenser Solid forms are made to attach to the upper dishwasher rack where they slowly dissolve and contnbute to each water change in the cycle Wie WA Wd IMA UTOMATIC DISHWASHING Film Removers are powdered alkaline products containing chlorine and complex phosphates They can be used to remove build up of hard water film and cloudiness on dishes and the intenor of the dishwasher The film remover is used in place of an automatic dishwasher deterge
24. re subject to stains Boil a solution of 2 to 3 tablespoons 30 to 45 ml of cream of tartar lemon juice or vinegar to 1 quart 0 95 L of water in the utensil for 5 to10 minutes Then lightly scour with a steel wool soap pad Cooking an acid food such astomatoes will also remove the stains and will not affect the food Clean with a metal cleaning product recommended for use on aluminum Follow package directions Use any one of the following solutions To 1 quart 0 95 L of water add 1 4 cup 60 ml coffee pot cleaner Or To 1 cup 240 ml of water add 3 tablespoons 45 ml of oxygen bleach Let the solution simmerin the stained pan for 15 to 20 minutes Wash the pan thoroughly rinse and dry Then recondition the pan with cooking oil orshortening before using To prevent staining use the lowest heat that will do the job WA UTOMATIC DISHWASHING AUTOMATIC DISHWASHING PRODUCTS ll DETERGENTS Automatic dishwasher detergents provide the chemical energy to help remove food soil from all types of cooking and serving items Unlike hand dishwashing products these must be very low to nonsudsing Suds interfere with the mechanical Cleaning action of the water and result in suds overflow from the machine In addition automatic dishwasher detergents should inhibit foam that certain protein containing foods such asegg and milk create They must soften water to prevent insoluble deposits loosen and hold soil in suspen
25. same silverware basket compartment Direct contact between these metals can cause permanent damage to the silver If possible avoid placing the basket compartment directly in front of the detergent dispenser cups Ir ADDING DETERGENT Use only a product made specifically for automatic dishwashers see Automatic Dishwashing Products Any othertype will cause oversudsing and possible damage to the dishwasher Use the amount recommended on the detergent container and in the user s manual adjusting it to the amount of soil water hardness and load size Some detergent dispensers have lines to indicate the amount of detergent to add In hard water it is particularly important to use detergent as recommended by the dishwasher manufacturer In general the harderthe water the more detergent is required In soft water less detergent can be used Add the detergent to the dispenser cup s afterthe dishwasher isloaded and isready to be operated Be sure the dispenser is dry and clean before adding detergent to maintain optimum performance This also helps prevent powder detergents from becoming caked in the dispenser Also be sure to close the dispensercup lid Don t sprinkle or pour detergent on flatware or other metals spotting and pitting may occur lt SETTING THE CONTROLS Depending on the model various cycles are avallable to the user They may vary by the number of washes and rinses type of load degree of soil and
26. seful when glassware orflatware is spotted or filmed Buffing silverware with a soft clean lint free cloth actually improves its patina Papertowels are handy for wiping pots and pans especially any that may leave traces of grease ordiscoloration on a Cloth towel lll SPECIAL TIPS FOR HAND DISHWASHING E When scraping dishes put food scraps into a plastic bag garbage disposal in the sink or directly into a kitchen waste can lined with a bag Very wet garbage can be drained first ina colander set in the sink then discarded into a garbage can Use an empty food can to collect exc ess grease pan dnppings or any kind of wet waste _ ARA E Do not soak cast iron utensils To retain their seasoning and discourage rusting wash in hot water using a sponge or cloth Scour stubbom stains with a steel wool soap pad rather than soaking in detergent which removes the built up fat that seasons the utensil Rub vegetable oil on any scoured areas to reseason Dry pans bnefly overheat on the range to prevent rusting from moisture E Do not soak aluminum utensils for excessive penodsof time as exposure to watercan cause aluminum to darken E Change the dishwashing solution and rinse water when they cool down or before they become noticeably greasy E Clean greasy pan bottomsas well asthe insides Ifa grease film remains the bottom will blacken when the pan is used again E Nonstick finishes on pans need a th
27. sion leave items clean and grease free so they rinse and dry without spots and be Safe fora wide vanety of dishes glassware utensils etc Forms Today s automatic dishwasher detergents are available in three forms powders gels and tablets All forms perform well so the choice is usually made on personal preference Powders are free flowing granules Most people are familiar with powders asthey are the traditional automatic dishwasher detergent form Gels are formulated to provide controlled dispensing Because of their form they are less likely to be spilled than powders Gels dissolve quickly allowing the detergent to begin working nght away Tablets are formulated for effective cleaning aswellas convenience Since they are pre measured there isno measunng waste ormess One tablet contains the exact dose fora full load Each tablet may be individually wrapped to protect it from moisture humidity and to extend its shelf life FA GNA 27 Although tablets are formulated to work in all types of water you may need to use an extra tablet in extremely hard water Depending on their formulation and product form automatic dishwasher detergents may contain the following ingredients ingredients Surfactants or surface active agents loosen soiland emulsify fats help hold them in suspension and leave surfaces clean and free from spots and film Specially developed surfactants having the lowest sudsing chara
28. structions Place glassware so it doesnot touch the other dishes Remove from dishwasher carefully Always check the washing instructions for plastic items to make sure they are dishwasher safe Load plasticsin top rackand away from heating element located in the bottom of dishwasher Handwash extremely heat sensitive plastic items PROBLEM CAUSES Dishes not dry Improperloading Rinse agent supply depleted Use of air no heat drying option So me items are not dishwashersafe Damage to delicate and miscellaneous items such as colored anodized aluminum pewter Cast iron antique or hand painted china wood lron or manganese content in water supply Yellow or brown stains on dishesand or dishwasher intenor Indescence coating A water or chemical reaction or film etc hing of with some glassware Usually glassware caused by a combination of soft or softened water and alkaline washing solutions reacting with the glassware Can be accelerated by poor rinsing overloading and exc essive temperature Odorin dishwasher Dishes washed only every two or three days A dirty filter may contnbute to a bad odor The Soap and Detergent Association 1500 K Street NW Washington DC 20005 2000 The Soap and Detergent Association SOLUTIONS Load so that all items are properly tilted forgood drainage Avoid nesting of dishes and orsilverware If dishwasher hasa built in rinse dispenser add liqu
29. t formulated for naturally soft water Use of a rinse agent may also help Same assolution Same assolution Same assolution
30. the dishwasher do the rest Dishes and casseroles with baked on foods will probably need pretreating soaking or prescrubbing Gel automatic dishwasher detergents may be used to pretreat heavy baked on foods on stainless steel glass glass ceramic porcelain enamel and other dishwasher safe items CAUTION Avoid direct contact with skin or clothing when using gel automatic dishwasher detergent to pretreat dishes Wear rubber gloves If detergent accidently comesin contact with skin wash immediately with water E c a am m Use the recommended amount of automatic dishwasher detergent E The drying cycle on most dishwashers may account for about 15 of the total operating cost so skip it whenever possible When there isno energy saving air no heat cycle simply advance the dial after the final rinse to the off position Use of a rinse agent may help promote drying E Keep the dishwasher in top operating condition cleaning the filter when necessary E If necessary insulate water heater and delivery pipes to avoid heat loss between the supply and the dishwasher The Soap and Detergent Association 1500 K Street NW Washington DC 20005 2000 The Soap and Detergent Association Wits WA UTOMATIC DISHWASHING PROBLEMS CAUSES SOLUTIONS and PREVENTIVE MEASURES PROBLEM CAUSES SOLUTIONS PREVENTIVE MEASURES Spotting filming poor Insufficient amount of Increase the amount of detergent Use su
31. urfactants vs waterin a product More concentrated products are more efficient and may be more economical to use than the more dilute ones Grease removal is more effective in warm water than in cold water lit OTHER CLEANERS See Household Cleaning Fact Sheet Notebook for information on metal cleaners and sink cleaners Thiscan be ordered from The Soap and Detergent Association lit DISPOSAL OF HAND DISHWASHING DETERGENTS J ust as you exercise care in the manner in which you use and store other household cleaning products you should properly dispose of empty dishwasher detergent containers or small amounts of leftover products by following some smple procedures E Get the most for your money USE THE PRO DUCT UP If you find you Cannot use all of the product you purchased give it to a friend but make sure the label with directions and precautions is still legible E Check the label for special instructions for disposal Unused hand dishwashing detergents can be disposed down the drain Many communities recycle the empty plastic containers Check your local recycling guidelines and recycle containers when possible E Don t mix products when disposing of them E NEVER reuse an empty dishwashing detergent container for another purpose The label instructions and precautions for one product may be dangerous to someone trying to use those instructions fora different product READ ALL LABELS THO RO UG HLY
32. ware can also be pernanently damaged Pla in aluminum will darken when exposed to water some foods detergents and alkaline cleaners such asammonia ora heated solution of baking soda and water The degree of discoloration depends partly on the length of contact and metal some alloys are more resista nt Aluminum can be washed in the dishwasher if the discoloration orthe necessity of additional Cleaning with steel wool oran acid cleaner isnot objectionable see Hand Dishwashing Problems and Solutions Cast iron Do not wash in a dishwasher all the seasoning will be removed and rusting will occur China hand painted orantique These delicate items should not be washed in the dishwasher Color may be removed by the high water temperature and alkaline solution Crystal Some very fine crystal can brea k either from sudden exposure to very hot water or from being bumped ortoppled A es s Cutlery It is saferto wash kitchen knives by hand since the handles may not be dihwa sher safe and blades can be a hazard in the loading or unloading Dinlyte Gold color will be removed Glasses decorated Metal tim and colorful enamel decorations on glassware will often fade in time when washed ina dishwasher Delicate pattems can be damaged Knives hollow handled Older flatware may have glued handles which could be loosened by the heat Mik glass Heat may cause yellowing Pewter Will stain discolor and pit
33. water in the utensil for 5 to10 minutes Then lightly sc our with a steel woolsoap pad Clean with a metal cleaning product recommended for aluminum Follow package directions Cooking an acid food such as tomatoes will also remove the stains and will not affectthe food Remove marks with a plastic scouring pad and a mild cleanser Imeversible condition Imeversible condition PREVENTIVE MEASURES Wash soon after use or rinse items use rinse hold cycle if they will not be washed right away Do not ovenoad siverware basket Avoid spilling or pouring detergent directly on flatware Make sure dispenser cup is propeny closed and close dishwasher door slowly If possible move basket away from dispenser cups Place silverware and stainless steel flatware in silverware basket so they do not touch Most silver knives have stainless steel blades make sure knives are all placed with blades in the same direction Replate the silver Check manufacturer s instructions on dishwa sha bility of the silverplate If water is causing the disc oloration do not use dry cycle or remove aluminumware afterthe final rinse Check manufacturer s instructions on the dishwashability of the aluminumware Be sure dishes and aluminum utensils do not rub against each other in the dishwasher This is partic ularly important with lightweight foil containers Load with care following the dishwasher manufacturer s in
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