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ICT R&D Project Sixth Quarter Report - NDT Center

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1. In case of invalid inputs for the calibration and raw data file selection buttons the provision of an error dialog box has been added to the code Thus whenever there is an invalid selection an error pops up prompting the user to rectify the mistake as shown 28 SPIA Great Poople to Fly krutt er BI Aerospace NDT GUL Target Area ET Acrospacc NDT National ICT Flaw Detection Software R amp D Fund C Users Salan Documents GUL_Materiallandt gui UT Data_files_1_4 C Wsers SalariDocuments GUIMaterialiandt gui ET Calibration_files 100KHz C Users SalariDocuments GUI_Material andt guil ET Data_files 200k C Users SalariDocuments GUL_Material andt gui ET Data_files 100K o Invalid calibration or data file selected OK Description Magnitude The image comprises of various colors ranged from blue to red Blue indicates no deflection from the probe m the given area while red indicates maximum deflection Deflection occurs due to the cracks land marks and noise m the signa JP Histogram 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 BACK RS Sa 2014 NDT Center PNEC NUST Figure 9 Resolution of Issue 410 k Issue 11 ASNDT S W The abbreviation has been replaced with the description of the plot as shown 14 w uu Es P LA Groat People to Fly With National ICT R amp
2. adcfailRetainCodeTask void d E d KdeConfigure gt AdcConfigure 7 RadioControl gt SplitControl gt AMSend z EES EE z eme ei AdcConfigure getConfiguration const msp430adc12 channel config t 4 Figure 40 A component graph with module interfaces shown 4 3 3 ADC configuration for TelosB The sample acquisition time for the sample and hold circuit S H should match the sampling time for high speed sampling Therefore the source resistance was kept low by using an active filter reducing the sample acquisition time further Whereas the sampling time is determined by ADCI2CLK that drives the S H circuit Master Clock MCLK was selected as the ADC12CLK through a divider set to 4 minimum MCLK is by default set to 4 MiHz in TinyOS Thus sampling frequency of 1MiHz was achieved with appropriate sample acquisition time Now the Successive Approximation Register SAR core of the ADC can also be driven by different clocks MCLK was also selected for the SAR core with the divider set to 1 The S H circuit takes one cycle to sample and one cycle of ADC12CLK to synchronize with SAR core of the ADC The SAR core takes 13 cycles of MCLK to convert the analog value on hold to 12 bit code Thus the ADC was successfully configured for a sampling frequency of 2 7 zs z 199 73 ksps 8 Since the significant frequency content of the envelope is below 80 kHz 0
3. 1 i i Location menter 1 u l H 4 i Ts d Loan hunter 2 Lesben puer Location number e L t number i i Leentew nusper E 1 az PSA OW PTY number KA 5 d H j I 1 1 z KPE ee Hr Tt HUT m 5 i Location number E DA E TU Leta museer 10 h da serte nummar 11 CHE EE Ee EE PR Li S L cgiee number 12 i d e Zb 1 numer 13 r i Locertion nyawer f i m Lacie mumier 18 L t number 15 D gih m mm OTD SINT tener Patt wl Si Figure 20 Dropdown menu for selecting location A Scan An important point to note here is that once the user selects any new location from the dropdown menu clicking on the A Scan button again is necessary So let s say the user wants to view the A scan of location 20 For this first click on location 20 from the dropdown menu and then click on A Scan button to view the Figure 21 A Scan Plot at location 20 UT El Aerospace NOT Fuselage Aerospace NOT Flaw Detection Software Antigens ICT oma LI Fun TE EE NE Leslie menter ZU Description Ampitucs Scan H ges ihe mai bah man Amplitude and Tima Depih b irum OTD AT tener Pee MIST 15 Figure 21 A Scan Plot at location 20 Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Cent
4. Defining futures DO 714 MITT Crunr PSE WEUSI Figure 4 Eddy Current GUI Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre Initially all of the buttons for the plots would be disabled So the first thing the user needs to do is load the calibration and data files for further processing and analysis As evident from the figure shown above the Calibration file amp Raw Data directory buttons are given at the top right of the interface Clicking on the Select Calibration File button opens up a window of Figure 5 Select Calibration file ET showing a list of calibration files in the dat format EJ NDT GUI Fuselage ET ypy ov El riect F r tm Open PLA pm bt Em urite Frequency Callbraksoi V ile regquency Haw Hireci ny Description Deleted Defining futures Cd KAT Center PR PO KNUST Figure 5 Select Calibration file ET One thing to keep in mind here is the order of the files being added The high frequency files should go first and the low frequency files should follow as indicated in the text boxes as well For example if the user is working on two frequencies namely 100 kHz and 200 kHz then the first calibration file to be chosen should be that of 200 kHz The user should select the relevant calibration file which corresponds to the operating frequency of the Eddy Current Test equipment Select the fi
5. 13 Figure 18 Activated Ultrasonic GUTE 14 Figure 19 A Scan Plot at O lk OK W 14 Figure 20 Dropdovvn menu for selecting location A Scan 15 Figure 21 A Scan Plot at location ZU 15 NEUE vU Ca e s EE died E 16 Figure 23 Fast Fourier Transform FFT Plot esnooernnronrnnvnnnnnnnnnnnennrnnvnnnnnnnnnennnnnvnnnennnneennnnnnnnnenennee 16 Figure 24 Dropdovvn menu for selecting location FETT 17 EH EE Eeer 17 DATT TE 18 Figure 28 Dropdown menu for selecting location HHT aaa aaa 20 Fikir Ti ter 19 Figure 29 Save as option for UT Report 20 Figure 30 Ultrasonic Report 21 Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre 1 GUI Startup The Aerospace NDT GUI runs on Matlab R2013a or any later version Install the software and follow the steps given below 1 Runthe code on MATLAB The Aerospace NDT GUI should appear on screen The first window that will appear is the Figure 1 Aerospace NDT GUI Home Screen a Aerospace NDT GUI Welcom Aerospace NDT P IA National ICT Flaw Detection Software ER OTE R amp D Fund 4 X Development of Flaw Diagnosis Dimensioning Prognostics Algorithms for the Improvement of In Country Aerospace Non Destructive NDT Capabilities START 2014 NDT Center PNEC NUST Figure 1 Aerospace NDT GUI Home Screen 2 Click Start to proceed Clicking start leads to a window which allows the user to select a ta
6. a d KA Jr My Documents GUI Material andt gui gt v 44 Search andt gui Organize v New folder Ze H Description 7 Favorites a Mme Paie mesen Type Report Displays the final report Histogram which gives adequate detail Deskto gi 11 5 2014 9 03 PM File folde g D ae about the effected regions The 4 Downloads o ET 11 5 2014 8 50 PM File folder report is obtained after 3 Dropbox eur 11 5 2014 8 50 PM File folder comparison of data obtained at two frequencies which leads to 1 Recent Places e UT Report 11 5 2014 8 50 PM Text Document greater accuracy Adaptwe Thresh Libraries Documents nil Git al Music El Pictures H Videos File name Save as type tet a Hide Folders 2014 NDT Center PNEC NUST Figure 13 Resolution of Issue 14 The text reads Report Displays the final report which gives adequate detail about the effected regions The report is obtained after comparison of data obtained at two frequencies which leads to greater accuracy O Issue 15 Upgrading of Report Notepad file ET The columns in the report have been appropriately aligned and full forms are used in place of the shorthand making the final report more comprehensive and easier to understand for the user sample of the report is shown below 17 ET Report Notepad File
7. 4 mm dia d Cracked Location Crack of 5 mm dia 24 Figure 23 HHT Button on left panel of OUT 25 He L L EE 26 Figure 25 UTD conversion GUI interface ooo aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa oaza 27 Figure 26 Load image function in UTD conversion OUT 27 Figure 27 Save Graph option in UTD conversion Oo 28 Figure 28 Load Data option in UTD conversion OUT 28 Figure 29 How different frequencies have an effect on depth of penetration 30 Figure 30 Top view of the Raspberry Pi Model B 1 31 Figure 31 TFT Resistive touch screen interfaced with a Raspberry Pi module 32 Figure 32 Selected Magnetometer 3110 33 Figure 33 MAG3110 on Magnetic Scale s rvrrssennrorsnrnsnsnnerernnsnsversennsssesstessnnnsnnnesnsnanssnnsenndanennsennansneree 33 Figure 34 Arduino Mega 2560 board 1 34 Fe SPP 34 Figure 36 Data being logged using 35 Figure 37 Logged MFL signals displayed on MATLAB 36 Figure 6 Wireless SHM E a E ENE SEESE 37 Figure 39 A component graph of a TinyOS application configuration in Yeti2 38 Figure 40 A component graph with module interfaces shown 39 Figure 41 Saw tooth wave sample
8. 4 x 200 kHz a sampling rate around 200 ksps provides a ratio of 2 5 which is greater than Nyquist criterion Furthermore the Gaussian nature of the signal makes reconstruction easier However the ADC acquires fast to fill its internal 16 registers with 16 consecutive samples but the CPU takes 8 cycles per word to transfer the samples to main memory RAM This copying time totals to 8 16 128 cycles 30 518 us which was large comparable to sampling time of 16 samples 80 us This caused jitters after every 32 samples due to missing samples as depicted in Figure 41 To solve this issue the DMA peripheral was configured to transfer each word from ADC register to RAM on ADC interrupts This takes 2 cycles per word 477 ns and can be 39 interleaved Only disadvantage of using DMA is that it stops CPU execution until all the samples have been transferred Figure 42 shows the similar saw tooth wave sampled using DMA Amplitude V 100 150 200 250 300 Time us Figure 41 Saw tooth wave sampled without DMA O Amplitude V H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H 1 H H H H H H H H H H M d IN H 1 HADIA H ane H Cr DPY PP H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H 100 150 200 300 Time us Figure 42 Saw tooth wave sampled with DMA 4 3 4 Wave capture and buffering To capture an entire response wave between two consecutive excitations the sampli
9. Button Click on the magnitude button to view the Figure 8 Magnitude Plot The magnitude button shows the image of calibrated impedance magnitude It is basically the mod of the resistive and inductive components of the crack signal which is plotted with indices or locations on the x axis and number of rows on the y axis W gsl 4 Aerospace NDOT Hatisnal Flaw Detection Software RED Fund CAE HCO Kea kto panrdt gull TEC ab ea FOREMKI EL ser HOW leski Op ani zt TE abbrgiwe Tes MT he mee red FUNCHIEJ m xumium tatlachon Lefiechon occurs elo foe cracks Ted marki ma ri ha sonal E MMAKRTYT Center P D Figure 8 Magnitude Plot The image comprises of various colors ranged from blue to red Red means maximum deflection in the area from the probe and blue indicates no deflection Deflection occurs due to the cracks land marks and noise in the signal The colors in between blue and red indicates the strengths of different deflected signals 1 1 2 Histogram Button Click on the histogram button to view the Figure 9 Histogram Plot The histogram button displays the probability distribution function of pixel values in an image in the form of a bar plot It has voltage on the x axis and frequency on the y axis It bins the elements of image into 100 equally spaced containers and returns the number of elements in each container and displays them The height of each rectangle indicates the number of element
10. D Fund C Users Salar Documents GUI_Material andt gui ET Calibration_files 200KHz CUsers Salar Documents GUI_Materialiandt guiE T Calibration_files 100KHz Description Magnitude The image comprises of various colors ranged from blue to red Blue indicates no deflection from the probe in the given area while red indicates maximum deflection Deflection occurs due fo the cracks land marks and noise in the signal x 4 elt SR 2014 NDT Center PNEC NUST IT S Figure 10 Resolution of Issue 11 1 Issue 12 Improvement of ROI description in ET GUI Further relevant information has been appended to the description as shown below DPIA Rant na e i Great Poopie to Fly With me DS 2 Description ROI Detection Displays the possible region of interests after morphological operations i e pre processing techniques are successfully applied The regions show the area of interest where the probability of the presence of a flaw is rather high 2014 NDT Center PNFEC NUST Figure 11 Resolution of Issue 412 15 The text now reads ROI Detection Displays the possible region of interests after morphological operations i e pre processing techniques are successfully applied The regions show the area of interest where the probability of the presence of a flaw is rather high m Issue 4 13 ASNDT S W For A Scans the value of time on x axis corresponds to the depth as we
11. Detection Sofiware und F r Edit Format Virw Hein ilkr sonie Test Report Engineers PL Nouman Khan Taka Ali Developer Sumayya Abbas Salar Bin Javald Bute 21 11 2014 scarf Defect N Defect Depth Defect 2 Na Defect 1 Na Debser r 4 No Defect 5 No Defect 6 Defect 1 Defect E So Delect Ma Tirfret 10 Ma Defect 11 Mo Defect 12 No Defect 13 Ma Defect 14 Ma Defect Tlefert No Defect 17 No Defect 18 Ne Defect Na Defect p et j ms TE en IPM y A 5 3 R i z say n n rama Figure 30 Ultrasonic Report z EEE The report button function basically compares the depths obtained from the calibration file and each of the data files It shows all of the A Scans sequentially and then displays the information of defect no defect in the next column The last column indicates the depth of the crack on the specific Scan Same as in Eddy Current GUI the Ultrasonic GUI also comes with a back button on every screen as well as a side panel showing concise description of each of the plots 21
12. Embedded hardware to remove the need of a separate PC c Come up with a final product that is ready to be introduced into the market 4 1 2 Multi frequency Multi frequency eddy current testing involves collecting testing data at several different frequencies The depth that eddy currents penetrate into a material is affected by the frequency of the excitation current and the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the specimen The depth of penetration decreases with increasing frequency increased conductivity and increased magnetic permeability This effect is illustrated in the Figure 1 29 density EC densit EC densit EC densit Front layer Substrate Rear layer Depth Low Frequency Medium Frequency High Frequency Very High Frequency 10 kHz 1 MHz 10 MHz 100 MHz One Standard Depth of Penetration Three Standard Depth of Penetration EC Density within Standard Penetration Depth AC Frequency Penetration Figure 29 How different frequencies have an effect on depth of penetration The depth at which eddy current density has decreased to 1 e or about 37 of the surface density is called the standard depth of penetration d The word standard denotes plane wave electromagnetic field excitation within the test sample conditions which are rarely achieved in practice Although eddy currents penetrate deeper than one standard depth of penetration they decrease rapidly with depth At two
13. Plot 7014 NDT Cemer PRPC NIIST Figure 25 STFT Plot 17 Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre STFT button gives three plots which comprise of Spectrogram A Scan and FFT at a particular time distance Spectrogram is plot obtained using fixed size rectangular window Itis a plot between time x axis normalized frequency values y axis and amplitude of spectrogram z axis Each of the plots are labeled and there is a data cursor button which allows the user to go to a specific location where frequency contents needs to be observed Click on the data cursor button and then go to any location on the spectrogram and click there to view the changed STFT plot Any specific location can be analyzed by using this Figure 26 Data Cursor on STFT Plot EE Aeengere NOT fog UT ME i ee zm Aerospace NDT PI Flaw Detection Software Natio ict R amp D Fund 107 STFT for Location 20 A Scan for Location amp 20 200 r r Distance Om j Description STFT t gwes the Short Term Frequency Transform of A Scans 0 1 2 3 H 5 Frequency e 107 BACK INISIN PT Cener Pitt WISI Figure 26 Data Cursor on STFT Plot User selected location on the spectrogram is mentioned with red color circle on A Scan plot The frequency contents at selected position are shown in third plot which is at right bottom of the screen In short with the help of STFT plots we can obt
14. Requirement of y axis Label on Histogram Plot ET The histogram plotted upon clicking the Histogram button has been appropriately relabeled The color bar to the right has been removed as it wasn t relevant to the plot itself it was only a continuation of the previous magnitude plot The figure below shows the improvements made to the plot 11 Histogram of Calibrated Magnitude is Hir 4 8 10 6 Voltage V Hi Displays the probability distribution of pixel values in an image in the form of a bar plot The height of each rectangle indicates the number of elements in the bin 12 2014 NDT Center PNEC NUST Figure 6 Resolution of Issue 46 g Issue 4 7 Resolution of fonts needs of improvement in ASNDT S W The issue is similar to and will be addressed by the resolution of Issue 2 h Issue 8 Some Chinese writing on UT logo may please be erased or picture may be changed The writing on the picture was aesthetically unappealing therefore the picture was changed altogether The picture now displays the SONATEST equipment typically used for Ultrasonic Testing 12 Flaw Detection Software National ICT Fund 2014 NDT Center PNEC NUST Figure 7 Resolution of Issue 8 1 Issue 9 ASNDT S W ET PLA Great People to Fly Vitr Both the title bar and the ET report have been coded to display the target area being tested The resul
15. designs The team also looks forward to incorporating Inertial Measurement Units to measure and record the PIG s velocity position and orientation to accurately pin point where flaws are located inside a pipeline 36 Future development also entails the fashioning of a symmetric permanent magnet and rubberized side skirts 4 3 GWUT based Wireless SHM In this endeavor our goal is to design develop and test instrumentation system for Guided Wave Ultrasonic Testing GWUT based Structural Health Monitoring SHM system over Wireless Sensor Networks WSN In this quarter we finalized the wireless mote programs details are as under 4 3 1 Background A simplified diagram for the intended system is shown in Figure 38 The guided waves sensed at the transducer are processed by a Signal Conditioning Circuit SCC whose design was discussed in detail in 5 Quarter report For acquisition of the envelope extracted by the signal conditioning circuit the on chip ADC was configured for maximum sampling rate and throughput The sampled waveform was then buffered and wirelessly transmitted to another mote connected with the Base Station BS Signal Conditioning 5 z circuit m p Mobile Station Wireless mote Base Station Specim Figure 38 Wireless SHM setup 4 3 2 Implementation over NesC and TinyOS The NesC compiler is written to translate NesC code to C code with specific optimizations and checks which is then co
16. highlight the difference between IMFs computed from A scans acquired from healthy and cracked location Time Domain Data 1st IMF A ie 50 L L ma 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 c T 100 T T T T T T T T T ae ch e 8 dps b K e l H L 45 50 5 40 4th IMF 5th IMF T T 200 T T T T T T T T 100 T T T T T T T Be A 2 200 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 100 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 10 15 25 30 35 40 45 50 T T T T 1 istance in m 2nd IMF 1 o m 50 T T 50 i at o 30 35 T _ 40 10 15 D T T T T fic ur T 1 5 10 15 20 25 1 2 Bth IMF T 2 T T T T T T MS L 1 ik L 1 L 0 5 10 T T 1 PL d 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Figure 20 Healthy Location IMFs 23 Time Domain Data 1st IMF 200 20 LJ i tbe o SEH 20 5 10 15 20 30 25 35 40 45 50 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Distance in mm 2nd IMF 3rd IMF 50 i T T T re T T 500 T T T T T n T T 50 500 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 4th IMF Sth IMF 200 50 i E eege 200 50 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Bth IMF Monotonic Component 0 2 T T T T T T TS T T T T T T T T T T T l e E aa 0 2 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 B 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Distance Figure 21 Cracked Location IMFs Crack of 5 mm dia at depth of 8 mm Hilbert Spectrum
17. is then obtained using IMFs of A Scans acquired at different locations Figure 22 shows the Hilbert Spectrum pertaining to healthy and cracked locations Hilbert Spectrum 05 oS 06 DA 1 4 08 03 s 03 n 02 UA 0 2 oa rech 02 Di 02 m m ou Q a in CH DD a 0 8 n 0 04 g E 03 03 DEG 5 Zu 02 ua Di 01 02 D d i d D 5 10 16 0 c dl Y axis Depth in mm Figure 22 Hilbert Spectrum a Healthy Location b Cracked Location crack of 3 mm dia c Cracked Location crack of 4 mm dia d Cracked Location Crack of 5 mm dia The Hilbert spectrums show time frequency and energy distribution of signals acquired from cracked and healthy locations It can easily be observed from Table 2 that there is no energy between selected depth readings Le between 6 mm till 10 mm as there was no crack at that location Some visible changes in energy distribution at and near to the cracked locations can be observed In order to profile the crack based on HHT spectrum plot energy is integrated in the region of interest to establish the relationship between flaw size and energy concentration in particular bands 24 Table 2 Energy Distribution between 6 mm till 10 mm depth of Specimen Cracked Locations dia Normalized Frequency Band Healthy 0 04 0 1 Location 3mm 4mm 5mm Energy 6 10mm depth 0 0149 0 0168 0 0203 A relationship can be established between the ene
18. of A Scans The plot on the upper right side gives the A Scan of the selected location in the time domain while the lower plot gives the frequency spectrum of the same location t Issue 20 Improvement of Report Button and Notepad file UT Like Issues 14 amp 15 the same approach has been implemented for the UT GUI The reports columns were appropriately spaced and a description was added 3 2 HHT inclusion in ANDT GUI UT method 3 2 1 Need Initially Short term Fourier Transform STFT was used to analyze the ultrasonic testing data in frequency domain to determine the profile of the crack Algorithm was developed for it and acquired data was tested Results were shown in previous quarter reports but due to the non linear and non stationary behavior of the acquired data this approach was not enough to get precise information about the crack As a result a different technique namely the Hilbert Huang Transform was approached Recent advancements prove the importance and accuracy of this transform in structural health monitoring 19 3 2 2 Hilbert Huang Transform The two fundamental processes involved in Hilbert Huang Transform the Empirical Mode Decomposition EMD and Hilbert spectral Analysis HSA were studied thoroughly to develop MATLAB algorithms for HHT plot generation The steps involved in calculating HHT can be summed up in Figure 16 below Empirical Mode Decomposition Sifting Process Intrinsic Mo
19. to train them ANDT GUI usage details are in 3 3 3 1 Beta testing and the beta comments generated for ANDT GUI Software Testing is a critical part of any software development It usually comprises of Alpha testing initial testing by the developers and Beta testing Beta testing is meant to hunt bugs and other issues in the software which may go unattended by the developers Therefore it has to be conducted by professionals individuals other than the developers and preferably from a class of individuals similar to the end users of the software As mentioned in the 5 QPR the software went through the beta testing phase and some issues were reported by the beta testers Since the last quarter these issues have been thoroughly addressed and rectified accordingly The Bitbucket hosting service was effectively used for issue tracking by the developers as shown in Fig 1 asndt a andt gui ACTIONS Clone 19 Create branch ch Create pull request J Compare Fork NAVIGATION aul Overview E Source Commits L Branches ch Pull requests KL issues wiki Downloads Settings Issues 1 14 of 14 status resolved Title 4 Add Error indication on entering wrong inputs in ET GUI 13 A Scan description Label 15 Upgrading of Report Notepad file ET 46 Requirement of y axis Label on Histogram Plot ET 14 Improvement of Report Button 8 Some Chinese writin
20. z 2365 PM x 604 y 112 z 2364 PM x 603 y 113 z 2362 PM x 604 y 111 z 2368 PM x 604 y 111 z 2365 PM x 602 y 112 z 2365 PM x 606 y 112 z 2366 PM x 607 y 112 z 2366 PM x 606 y 112 z 2372 PM x 606 y 113 z 2371 42 PM x 605 y 113 2 2373 43 PM x 607 y 113 12 2372 PM x 60 y ll3 z 23 3 44 PM x 607 y 114 z 2369 PM x 607 Se A E 46 PM x 587 y 97 z 2311 PM x 592 y 99 z 2295 PM x 589 y 97 z 2294 PM x 614 y 104 z 2289 PM x 587 y 81 z 2254 Figure 36 Data being logged using Gobetwino 35 EI Figure 3 EJ DE File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help Oddan ava DH an X Axis 640 620 600 580 01 25 00 01 30 00 01 35 00 01 40 00 DI Figure 2 NE 22 File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help M RISTYDEZ A DE 20 01 25 00 01 30 00 01 35 00 01 40 00 DI Figure 1 File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help dds k KZYDSEA A DEJam 2400 2300 01 25 00 Figure 37 Logged MFL signals displayed on MATLAB 4 2 3 Future Development The team s objectives for the future are the design and development of a body for the PIG Current designs specify the body s fabrication from either High Density Poly Ethylene Plastic or Polyvinyl Chloride plastic and are similar to conventional PIG
21. 6 QUARTER PROGRESS REPORT OF ICT R amp D FUNDED PROJECT Development of Flaw Diagnosis Dimensioning Prognostics Algorithms for the Improvement of In Country Aerospace Non Destructive Testing NDT Capabilities PI Dr Tariq Mairaj Rasool Khan Co PI Dr Faisal Amir Table of Contents TNA 3 TT 4 E iUHULliitiionuoccba a d 5 2 Recruitment of Workforce for Sixth Quarter 5 2 1 Recruitment of Undergraduate 5 Tum E We Ee e 6 3 1 Beta testing and the beta comments generated for oU 7 8 3 2 HAT inclusion in ANDT GUI UT method 19 NU 19 2 Alb Hoana NN 20 70 Daa L ee 22 TURN 23 TNA NT l 25 BEKENNEN 26 0 1 1000117 Te 27 EE GS Gs EE 28 JOE Ge SEE NE 28 3 4 Training of detection and profiling software to PIA NDT staff 29 3 5 Generation of Historical Databasge ooo aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaaa aa aaeeaaaaaaa 29 7 KT E Ee 29 4 1 Embedded Hardware Based Multi Frequency Eddy Current NDT System PC Based ETNE 29 TET E UDUR 29 MN 29 4217 ENN 30 SN MR EE EE 31 4 2 PC Bas d Pipeline Inspection Gauge PIG 32 4221 RACK OT OUI E 32 20 NG 33 275 Pumie D 36 40 GOWUT Dased Wireless I arala balaya oda 37 LB 37 4 3 2 Implementation over NesC and TinyOS rrrrrnnnnnrvrvvvnrren
22. Edit Format View Eddy Current Test Report Help selected Inspection Area Target Area Engineers Moez ul Hasan Taha Ali Developers Salar Bin Javaid Date 06 Nov 2014 Number of ROIS 4 ROT 1 3482 3710 ROI Locations Features Max Reactance Max Magnitude Phase at 200kHz Phase at 100kHz Max Reactance Max Magnitude Phase at 200kHz Phase at 100kHz Max Reactance Max Magnitude Phase at 200kHz Phase at 100kHz Max Reactance Max Magnitude Phase at 200kHz Phase at 100kHz value 54 527398 173 441633 149 000000 149 000000 44 169147 221 269067 164 000000 164 000000 37 556698 141 315250 149 000000 149 000000 47 963915 215 230109 149 000000 149 000000 Decision NO DEFECT NO DEFECT NO DEFECT MO DEFECT End of Report Figure 14 Resolution of Issue 15 p Issue 16 Improve Title and Axes Labels in Plots ET As displayed in previous figures the axes have been relabeled and more descriptive titles have been used The font size has also been increased thus improving legibility q Issue 17 Upgrading of Title Text space in UT The issue is similar to and will be addressed by the resolution of Issue 2 r Issue 18 Enhancing Location dropdown menu FFT The developers agree that the current approach is rather convenient and user friendly and has no log term implications which affect the performance of the software Therefore it has been decided t
23. F Monotonic Component 02 E 02 E W 416 2 5 a G amp ja ww M w I Ss 0 45 Distance Figure 17 IMF plots using EMD Process 3 2 2 2 Hilbert Transform Hilbert Transform is a signal processing technique used to calculate analytical signal Hilbert Transform produces a function H u t if applied to signal u t in same domain The Hilbert transform is linear operator in mathematics and named after David Hilbert The Hilbert transform of any signal u t can be evaluated with the help of convolution of signal with the function Mathematically the Hilbert transform of a signal u t is given in 2 CO HG dr 1 gt u T u t h t g p AR 2 After determining the Hilbert Transform the spectrum can be plotted Figure 18 belovv shovvs the sample hilbert spectrum obtained at some location 21 Figure 18 Hilbert Huang Spectrum 3 2 3 Data Acquisition Ultrasonic testing for Hilbert Huang Transform is carried out on test piece made of same material as that of Fuselage of the Aircraft with machined drilled flaws Figure 19 shows the schematic of test specimen with front top and side views The area is also marked from where UT data was acquired There were three artificial flaws developed on this test piece Data was acquired and stored using UT equipment Data format analysis is carried out and A Scans time domain signal are reproduced using plotting tools in MATLAB T
24. GWUT waveform acqu Figure 51 47 A Appendix A User Manual for ANDT GUI Software Please see the User manual attached Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre USER MANUAL AEROSPACE NDT GUI Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre Contents EE Ee 3 1 Se D DEE 4 112 Eddy Currents 5 1 1 1 Men NS 8 1 1 2 Histogram BUTTON EE EEE EEE 8 1 1 3 ENN NJ 9 1 1 4 ROPE NN BNR 10 1 NE eg EE 10 1525 UN 12 1 2 1 ge 14 1 2 2 ESN 16 1 2 3 Wa 1969300 0 00 0 0 0 0 16 124 Tue 17 1 2 5 ART DULLOM oai in 02020 0070000 000000 0000000 19 1 2 6 HSODBOTUULLOR aaa a R n ni 20 Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre TABLE OF FIGURES ret Tv 4 Figure 2 Target Area of Aerospace STIG UTE 4 HU VITNE 5 rn EE 5 Figure 5 Select Calibration file EI 6 Figure 6 Select Raw Data folder ET 7 Figure 7 Activated Eddy Current 52 7 Figure 8 Magnitude 8 Figure 9 Histogram Plot 9 Figure 10 Adaptive Threshold Plot 9 Figure 6 10 Figure 12 Save as option for Report 10 Figure 13 Ed y Current Report wio iGO GEL YR 11 Poore SU es So eve E EEE 12 eks Eee EA E 12 Figure 16 Select Raw Data Folder UI 13 Figure 17 Input No of A Scans in vertical horizontal directions
25. Guided User Interface GUI development for flaw detection software incorporating both ET and UT testing methods incorporation of additional beta comments if any documentation of the flaw profiling software training of the software to PIA NDT staff and generation of historical database A website is also set up according to the directions of ICT R amp D The web site link is http ndt pnec nust edu pk index html The web site contains updated details of different project activities The details of project activities for sixth quarter are discussed in the subsequent sections 2 Recruitment of Workforce for Sixth Quarter Competitive and research oriented human resource is highly desirable for performing rapid development activities In this regard Under Graduate students UG Post Graduate students PG Research Assistant RA and other support staff have been recruited However due to lack of funds UG and PG students were recruited but not paid in this quarter Fortunately most of the recruited students worked voluntarily with us to keep the research projects running 2 1 Recruitment of Undergraduate Workforce Undergraduate recruitment for 06 positions 02 fee waivers and 04 stipends was carried out instead of two positions as approved in the budget A change of request form was raised giving justification of the change The change has been approved According to the new plan 06 positions are filled on quarterly basis However due to l
26. T GUI with RA a Salar bin Javed b Talha Waqar Khan c Sumayya Abbas d Uzair Gillani 6 Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing a Ahsan Pasha b Syed Ali Qamber For each group there is at least one group activity and one group meeting presentation scheduled every week The students are assigned aerospace NDT literature review basic design projects related to aerospace NDT data acquisition and NDT signal interpretation 3 Principal Project Progress Following were the technical milestones achieved in the preceding quarter 1 Beta testing of detection and profiling software 2 Incorporation of beta comments in detection and profiling software 3 Generation of historical database The technical milestones set for the reporting quarter are as follows 1 Documentation finalization of user manual technical report detection and profiling results 2 Training of detection and profiling software to PLA NDT staff 3 Generation of historical database Though Beta testing and incorporation of beta comments was done in fifth quarter the development team continued beta testing on its own to include some desired features and establish coherency in the GUI for finalizing the software The user manual was consistently updated to match the GUI during development Additional detection and profiling techniques such as Hilbert Huang Transform HHT for UT was incorporated in the GUI A training session for PIA NDT staff was also conducted at PNEC NUST
27. ack of funds we decided to keep two stipend positions vacant Short listing and selection of UG students depended upon their GPA technical knowledge attitude motivation commitment for summers and final year project The selected UG students have been divided into two groups as follows For Fee Waiver 1 Salar Bin Javaid 2 Taha Saeed Khan For Stipend 1 Ahsan Pasha 2 Syed Asim Ahmed All the students listed above give 10 hrs week to the project Students are categorized into different group projects based on the various aerospace NDT techniques The RA acts as the principal supervisor and coordinator for these projects The students listed above were to be paid for sixth quarter only However due to lack of funds the students worked voluntarily and were not paid Students work in group and sub groups to achieve their research objectives These groups may also be populated by students not taking any grant from the project for instance they may be working for their FYP or involved voluntarily Current groups or sub groups involved in different activities are as under 1 Oscillator and Excitation for Eddy Current Testing ET a Salar Bin Javaid Group Leader Coordinator for ET 2 Eddy Current Probe Design a Syed Asim Ahmed 3 Data Acquisition and Flaw Profiling for ET a Sohaib Haider 4 Guided Wave Ultrasonic Testing GW UT GWUT on WSN a Taha Saeed Khan Group Leader Coordinator for UT 5 Development of AND
28. ain the behavior of frequency at particular time or location 18 Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre 1 2 5 HHT button Acrospace NOT Matteo ET Flaw Detection Software RAD Fund Terra mama Deak bop ered quill Des 4 Hilbert Huang Speci Ru Dirai HHT if shoes Fre Hebar Huang Tmnafem of A SEANA Pour 7 e P 1 i NG zen phoma n l of wych ke rad prof ra ml cf beier Tha Gier fr s ata Hither Huang Spectrum Hilberi Haang Spertnam FE rode of cached d ori R P Bod hece shi g r l r snu p anieqy tesi buf w u WM E m e A s 7 F E E m m a H a a E E Depth m tem Damh in meri Harmal z ai frequency Marakseg froen Finpih in pen Ta ROT Center FT NST Figure 27 HHT Plot Click the HHT button to view to view the Figure 27 HHT Plot HHT button gives four plots which comprise of Hilbert Spectrums at healthy and cracked locations The plots show depth in mm x axis and normalized frequency values y axis The first plot is that of healthy location and hence shows negligible energy content Whereas the other three plots show the three different cracked locations on the test specimen The circular cracks present on the metal specimen were of different diameters 3mm 4mm and 5mm The three plots shown are of each of the crack respectively This also comes with a panel on the right side of the
29. am receiveDone fired AND CMD start OR transmit RADIO TX AND Event AMsend sendDone fi Event red If CMD transmit UartStream sendDone AND fired Event AMsend sendDone Event fired UartStream receiveDone Event fired AND Receive recieve CMD dump fired Event AND Receive recieve rx_count lt n_frag fired AND RADIO_RX rx count n_frag SER AL DUMP Figure 49 State diagram for BS mote The wireless reception was carried out according to the protocol for which the flowchart is illustrated in Figure 50 45 4 Start RX D last_ack_n OxFFFF RX seq n Yes Consider packet dropped 15 seg ns frag n Store Se n last ack n TX ACK for last ack n TX ACK for last ack n Store last ack n SEO n seq n Figure 50 Flovvchart for reception at BS mote The UI program parses the GWUT file and converts it to time domain waveform according to the file parameters A waveform acquired using the wireless acquisition system through the signal conditioning board is shown in Figure 51 without further processing This waveform provides a reasonable representation of the received signal s envelope and can be used for flaw detection in a wireless GWUT SHM system after interpolation 46 epniijdwy pszijewioN 300 150 200 Time us 100 d at BS Ire
30. d without DMA eee eee aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa ae eeaaaaaaaaaa 40 Figure 42 Saw tooth wave sampled with DMA ooo oe a aaa aaa ae a aaa aaa aaa aaa aa ae aaaaaaaaacaca 40 GMT aa 0000 AAC 0 tae 41 Figure 44 GW UT data packet SEQUENCE 41 Figure 45 Protocol sequence diagram implemented for Single hop communication 42 Figure 46 GWUT command and acknowledgement packet 42 Figure 47 State diagram for wireless mote at Ra 43 Figure 48 Transmission flow chart at RS 44 Figite49 Stte diagram For BS e 45 Figure 50 Flowchart for reception at BS mote 46 Figure 51 GWUT waveform acquired at Ba 47 Table of Tables Dea T eCa EDIT DM 2 Table 2 Energy Distribution between 6 mm till 10 mm depth of Specimen 1 Introduction The ICT R amp D funded project Development of Flaw Diagnosis Dimensioning Prognostics Algorithms for the Improvement of In Country Aerospace Non Destructive Testing NDT Capabilities started on April 1 2013 In this regard an NDT Centre has been established at Pakistan Navy Engineering College National University of Sciences and Technology PNEC NUST This document describes the activities that have been performed at the NDT Centre during the sixth quarter of the project The activities for this quarter included finalization of
31. de W ebe a 8 S Function Adi Tren Source Data Hilbert Transform Hilbert Spectrum Figure 16 Flow Graph for Hilbert Huang Transform Process These steps are explained below 3 2 2 1 Empirical Mode Decomposition The purpose of EMD is to decompose a time domain signal x t into series of intrinsic mode functions IMFs with the help of sifting process IMFs are obtained by calculating local characteristics of the original signal Local information of signal includes location of local maxima local Minima and zero crossing points Sifting process is used to decompose time domain signal in our case A Scan into series of IMFs Mathematical representation of EMD is mentioned below in 1 N x t 3 IME D n 1 Where r t is signal residue and IMF t represents jth IMF In order to select an IMF it is mandatory for Hy t to satisfy two conditions Firstly number of zero crossings and number of extrema are equal or may differ by one Secondly the mean value m t should be zero IMF are obtained by a process called as sifting process or EMD and can be seen below in Figure 17 20 Time Domain Data 1st IMF 05 0 15 2 8 M m 45 Si os m amp M 0 20 W 1 45 Distance in mm 2nd IMF 3rd IMF 50 500 MN rm Tomt 50 500 5 v0 5 25 95 W 40 48 5 0 15 25 30 35 40 45 50 4th IMF Sth IMF 200 50 ae eae 200 50 B 6 6 a 9 M 235 4 4 B w amp m 2 5 a d 6th IM
32. e 18 Activated Ultrasonic GUI Aerospace NOT GUI Fuselage SPIA 1 24 A x Callers HOVNE Sklopundt gunlf Data des 5 m Acrospacc NDT Flaw Detection Software Description Detased Descnpton 2014 NDT Center WIIST Figure 18 Activated Ultrasonic GUI The buttons and their functions are as stated 1 2 1 AScan Button Click on the A Scan button to view the Figure 19 A Scan Plot at location 1 El Arrespace NOT SUI Parlaq UT z e Aerospace NDT Flaw Detection software PLA s rt Penne sa Em bin Nationa VET D Fund guff R Amplitude Sean int Lucirlinn 1 L psee number 1 Description Arip lude Scan l greg fee pol Amaii and Trna M4 WTET Center FIT sl IST g 14 Figure 19 A Scan Plot at location 1 Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre The first plotted A scan would be that of location 1 by default To view the A Scan at any other location the user may simply use the dropdown menu given in the panel at the right side of the GUI Click on the dropdown menu to view a list of all possible locations as shown in Figure 20 Dropdown menu for selecting location A Scan tercspace NDT GUI Fuselage UT Aerospace NOT Hutinnal CT Flaw Detection Software gt PIA RZL Fur Amqpi udo Scan for Location amp 1 TT T T T WW
33. e saved in a mat file for later examination On pressing the button we ll get a prompt to give the desired filename and destination 2 utdgul G kin Ji Data JPEG ta 23 El AA me A a d v er EH Great People to Fly Wit gt Li a a 1 2 3 5 Desktop Libraries A o Network File name DI Open Files of type MAT fies mat 4 Cancel 2014 NDT Center PNEC NUS I Figure 27 Save Graph option in UTD conversion GUI 3 3 3 Load Graph Button The saved data in mat file can be accessed by this button for later viewing On pressing the button well get a prompt to select the desired file which in turn will be displayed on the axes x P IA Great People to Fry wanes Load Graph Aerospace NDT Flaw Detection Software National ICT RED Fund NUST Defining futures 2014 NDT Center PNEC NLSI Figure 28 Load Data option in UTD conversion GUI 28 3 4 Training of detection and profiling software to PIA NDT staff We believe training is a process that takes time to transfer knowledge skills or abilities Thus the training process was started with PIA NDT staff with informal discussions leading to various formal informal sessions that are underway This process will remain active in the next quarter and is expected to conclude in a formal handover ceremony in which we will formally handover the detection and profiling softwa
34. eChannel LeEds gt Leds AdcOverflow 2 Msp430Adc12Overflow gt E N miicGonfigure gt AdcConfigure Q AdcDma Msp430Adc12ClientAutoDMAC O Ledsc FF Z Receive gt Receive a ne a l N 2 7 RadioControl gt SplitControl I AMSend gt AMSend Z GWUTEnvDetAdcChop 22 2 2 Q RadioRX AMReceiverC TT P O ActiveMessagec RadioTX AMSenderC 2 Figure 39 A component graph of a TinyOS application configuration in Yeti2 38 Q BTriggadcDmaBuff2RadioAppC mi BTriggAdeDmaBuff2RadioC AdcDma Msp430Adc12ClientAutoDMAC 22 E Boot booted void 28 o UserButtonC HA pe Notify notify button state 1 void DI AdcBeserirce gt Resource bi AMSend sendDone message t D void Dee hannel ef RadioControl startDone error t void 4 ef RadioControl stopDone error t void O Ledsc o Receive receive message_t void uint8_t message_t ef AdcResource granted void 2 5 SingleChannel multipleDataReady uint16 t uint16_t uint16_t e AdcOverflow memOverflow void 2 ob AdcOverflow conversionTimeOverfiow void SingleChannel singleDataReadytuint16 1 error m bk void tnextpkt void startsampiing void samplingDone void
35. eescale s MAG3110 is a small low power digital 3 axis magnetometer It features a standard I2C serial interface output The MAG3110 is capable of measuring magnetic fields with an output data rate ODR up to 80 Hz these output data rates correspond to sample intervals from 12 5 ms to several seconds The MAG3110 is available in a plastic DFN package and it is guaranteed to operate over the extended temperature range of 40 C to 85 C 00000 Figure 32 Selected Magnetometer MAG3110 Geomagnetic Field 4 degree resululuun Talal deer resolution Honzental Speaker Magnet Gauss D 1 ur r D l H T Tesla DS 10 l r 107 10 103 107 Dr r v MAG3110 MAG3110 Sensitivity Full Scale 0 1 uT Range 1000 UT Figure 33 MAG3110 on Magnetic Scale 4 2 2 2 Choice of Controller The choice of controller was quite difficult due to the vast number of options available but basing the choice on the need of the moment lead to the selection of an AIO controller the Arduino Mega 2560 The Arduino Mega 2560 is a pre fabricated compact microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560 It has 54 digital input output pins 16 analog inputs 4 UARTs 33 hardware serial ports a 16 MHz crystal oscillator a built in ADC a USB connection a power jack an ICSP header and a reset button Its long list of features satisty all the requirements of our project Figure 34 Arduino Mega 2560 boa
36. eld is accessible by application layers above it The data field has a maximum size optimized to 28 bytes After proper ADC configuration and sampling the data needs to be transmitted in a particular format such that it is reconstructed at the BS precisely For this a custom format for the acquisition file has been designed as shown in Figure 43 In addition to the 160 byte data other fields total 9 bytes including one byte header and footer The ADC number of samples and inter sample interval are required to reconstruct the waveform at the BS Other parameters are fixed and were fed directly to the BS program 2 2 D D 8 2 cCA gt eG gt F gt 3 4 2 gt lt A gt KAS ADC Header Error Number of ANNE Sampled Data Footer Samples Interval Read Ka Figure 43 GWUT acquisition file format Since the maximum size of the data field for message t buffer is 28 bytes one needs to transmit the GWUT acquisition file in packets Therefore the file was segmented into custom sequences or packets as shown in Figure 44 ZN 2 Bytes NZ YN 2 Bytes YN 20 Bytes NZ 5 Number of Sequence Data GVVUT MSG Fragments Number NN Figure 44 GWUT data packet sequence Further to keep things simple the stop and wait protocol for single hop communication was adapted protocol sequence diagram is presented in Figure 45 41 Sou
37. elsge UT SPIA CTT r r F i eet Mepis rs Fly taca Fanes a EE Deeg m Tata Files 1 4 B D wrsowdi sj Da Filen 55 OVS 1143 AM Fila older x Recent Places KS Dr pbos E a Dee unerit Laft al Hung s Petur B Viddi Description Dedadod Descriptor eh Hegia Felder Dos File 55 Defining futures 4 WOT Center PNEC SLIST Figure 16 Select Raw Data Folder UT But before the calibration and data files can be loaded the user needs to view Figure 17 Input No of A Scans in vertical horizontal directions Baz Knel ge UT e t Aerospace NDT Flaw Detection software aij PLA or see Beyer pa Pa m Notional ICT FRED Fund Calie mi m h m edip sep ou AT EE Description Dialed Desoto wl NUST Defining futures a PT KT Center PAP WUST Figure 17 Input No of A Scans in vertical horizontal directions 13 Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre These should correspond to the data files added earlier Assume that the user used the 5 by 5 data matrix then type 5 in the rows and 5 in the column text boxes respectively which can be seen before the load button on top right This is shown in figure above Once typing in the rows and columns in the respective text boxes click on the load button to view Figur
38. esolution will be enhanced in the new image file However we are also in the process of finalizing a logo for the NDT Research Center that has to be included in the new image file We will also try to convert it into vector graphics format to make it effectively resolution independent c Issue 4 3 Requirement of individual Label Title on respective screens Titles have been added to the Target Area Selection window as well as the Method Selection window as shown below Aerospace NDT GUI Aerospace NDT National ICT Flaw Detection Software R amp D Fund Select The Target Area x N FUSELAGE DN V N Dome LANDING GEARS 2014 NDT Center PNEC NUST Figure 3 Resolution of Issue 3 part a 3 DR ENE FE Ee m Aerospace NDT Pl National ICT Flaw Detection Software Pan tram R amp D Fund Groat People to Fly With Select ND Testing Method 2014 NDT Center PNEC NUST Figure 4 Resolution of Issue 3 part b d Issue 4 Add Error indication on entering wrong inputs in ET GUI In order to rectify this issue the directory that pops up upon clicking the Select High Frequency File has been hardcoded to begin at the directory which holds the high frequency data The same case applies to low frequency data as shown in the figure below The user has to ensure that the right folder is placed in the right directory For instance the 500 kH
39. est specimen was of 19 mm of thickness At depth of 8 mm three cracks were drilled at different locations Dimensions of the crack are tabulated in Table 1 Table 1 Crack Dia Dimensions Dia Of Circular Cracks at 8 mm Depth Figure 19 Test Specimen with three machined cracks Top View Front view and Side View 22 Data was acquired using serial communication between PC and UT equipment Masterscan Sonatest 350M Data format analysis algorithms were developed as the obtained data includes headers which is the information about the software firmware version and model of the equipment Headers were removed using developed algorithms in MATLAB and A Scans are then reproduced to evaluate the results As evident flaw characterization is difficult using time domain signals Ultrasonic signals are non linear and non stationary in nature therefore Hilbert Huang Transform 1s applied on these signals A Scans to obtain flaw characterization features 3 2 4 Results amp Discussion HHT was HHT was applied on A Scan data of test specimen with cracks at three different locations In the first step EMDs were obtained applying HHT algorithms using sifting process In the second step Hilbert Spectrum is evaluated from these IMFs to obtain time frequency and energy distribution plots IMFs are obtained at each cracked location IMFs pertaining to 5 mm crack location and healthy locations are shown in Figure 20 and Figure 21 respectively The figures
40. g on UT logo may please be erased or picture may be changed 19 STFT Button Improvement Required 20 Improvement of Report Button and Notepad file UT 16 Improve Title and Axes Labels in Plots ET 12 Improvement of ROI description in ET GUI 1511 Spelling mistake in ET GUI 10 ASNDT S W Warning 9 ASNDT S W ET 45 Correction of NUST Logo amp Magnitude Button T Status Votes Assignee RESOLVED 1 ASNDT A RESOLVED DN salar Javaid RESOLVED salar Javaid 2 w RESOLVED 2 Taha Ali fea t RESOLVED M Taha Ali Lal RESOLVED 1 M Tana Ali fea RESOLVED DN salar Javaid B RESOLVED salar Javaid EJ RESOLVED salar Javaid E 4 RESOLVED 1 3 salar Javaid Lal RESOLVED UN salar Javaid A RESOLVED salar Javaid w RESOLVED salar Javaid A w RESOLVED 1 Tana Ali Figure 1 Bitbucket environment showing state of issues as marked by the developers Issues were prioritized and resolved by the developers Frequent updates were made to each issue after input from the beta testers After each amendment or alteration in order to ensure that all members of the development team did not have to work on an already resolved issue the code was updated on Bitbucket by making commits as shown in Fig 2 asndt a andt gui ACTIONS ck Clone LP Create branch ch Create pull request 22 Compare lt lt Fork NAVIGATION Overv
41. gwin Yeti2 not only provides syntax highlighting and a modern editor with code completion etc but also provides navigation via hyperlinks component graphs and an online preprocessor An application for TinyOS is usually written as a configuration a wiring component which consists of a module an implementation component wired to many other configurations or modules These wirings are done through various interfaces defined either within components or separately A component either uses or provides an interface The component which provides an interface acts as the sink of commands over that interface and provides the implementation of those commands It may also signal events to the user component The component which uses an interface has to implement all the events for that interface and may call commands over it For detailed understanding of the TinyOS programming please refer to TinyOS programming by Levis P amp Gay D Cambridge University Press 2009 A typical component graph is shown in Figure 39 It shows how different modules and configurations are linked through interfaces within an application s configuration Figure 40 shows an expansion of the core application module depicting its interfaces command functions and event functions in detail Q BTriggAdcDmaBuff2RadioAppC m T EE Notify 5Noffy R roe gt Resource UserButtonc EET SingleChannel gt Msp430Adc12Singl
42. ieci File NUST Defining futures Description Datadad Desonpbon T l NDT Center PNAC SLIST Figure 14 Ultrasonic GUI As evident from the figure shown above the calibration file amp raw data directory need to be loaded in order to activate the Ultrasonic GUI Click on the Select Calibration File button to open up the Figure 15 Select Calibration file UT as follows This allows the user to select a dat file It has been named as Calib dat Select the file and click open El Aerospace GUT Rnziage UI 7 w w b w _ w ur e Data files 14 and m sa dB Downi adi d Data bie 5 5 AM File folder ZG se it A AAT e Description Dedadod Descaphoa Defining futures M4 NDT Center PNAC SST 12 Figure 15 Select Calibration file UT Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre Next click the Select Raw Data Directory button Another window like the Figure 16 Select Raw Data Folder UT will appear from which the user can select the folder to which the data will be directed It gives you the option of choosing a 5 by 5 data matrix or a 1 by 4 data matrix The user should select the data matrix according to the grid division on the test specimen For example the user clicks on 5 by 5 then the following window will appear Then click on select folder gem ge Ee re El NOT GUI Fus
43. iew Source Commits Branches Pull requests Issues Wiki Downloads BOOPVOME 3 1 1 Issue Resolution Commits D All branches Author Salar Javaid D Taha Ali D Taha Ali O Taha Ali O Taha Ali salar Javaid O Salar Javaid O Taha Ali Taha Ali Taha Ali O Tana Ali IB Salar Javaid IB salar Javaid Taha Ali wes E o e em rm Do Message Issue 15 Resolved This commit resolves issue 6 This commit resolves issue 4 and adds following new features to ET GUI Issue 5 Resolved Logo doesn t turn upside down any more Issue 8 Resolved UT snap changed Issue no 9 resolved Issue no 10 Resolved Issue no 11 Resolved Issue 15 Half resolved Alignment sorted out Issue no 16 Resolved Issue 20 Resolved Issue 19 Resolved UT Usn60 m file has been added The rest of the code remains unchanged Darnmmanriari for hata tactinn ECEnallmainn izmdatac wera maria Figure 2 Bitbucket environment showing commits made by the developers The issues were mentioned in detail in Annex C of the 5 QPR Following is a detail how each issue has been tackled for resolution a Issue 1 LOGO IMPROVEMENT The issue is similar to and will be addressed by the resolution of Issue 2 b Issue 2 Upgrading of Title Text space and Logo Resolution All the background texts and logos are a part of a background image which can be easily updated by replacing an image file The image r
44. interface showing description of plot as well as the same Figure 28 Dropdown menu for selecting location HHT Figure 24 Dropdown menu for selecting location FFT number as desired 19 Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre Td ROT Cemer FASE MITT Figure 28 Dropdown menu for selecting location HHT Simply select the location number from this menu and click the HHT button again to view the plot at your desired location 1 2 6 Report button Click on the report button to view the report On clicking the report button first of all the user is prompted with Figure 29 Save as option for UT Report This allows the user to select a filename and file location of choice It will look like this Lag A Fyrt rn Pedder ed 277 Drapbas Spite Felder Pat al r L KR R Rei Fi ls fre em 3 Document M WA TER an 2 ja Ez ume Stem Felder m Pictures Description SIFT l gees fe Shod Term B vees Geen Transform af A Filename Vi Beem ei Seve as type LES He Felden 3014 NOT Cener PNEC NST Figure 29 Save as option for UT Report 20 Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre Assume a name UT_Report_55 and then click save It would then automatically pop up the Figure 30 Ultrasonic Report Ell Aerospace NOT GUI Fuselage UI gf NDT National ICT Flaw
45. le and click open Next click the Select Raw Data Directory button Another window will appear as shown in Figure 6 Select Raw Data folder ET from which the user can select the folder to which the data will be directed Choose the relevant raw data file corresponding to the operating frequency Then click Select Folder Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre H Aerospace GUT Fuselage PI ge aah PLA ieee FY saler Far Pig PraF De modded Dal Bet i ATA 11113 AM finlir MIENIA 1143 ANM File folie ans P Defining futures E MA ADT Center PNP NST SH D Figure 6 Select Raw Data folder ET Then click on the Load button to load the selected data and to enable the other buttons The user can now see the Figure 7 Activated Eddy Current GUI and can access the various buttons present National ICT Flaw Detection Software R amp D Fund Gewese FY pole fe Pig PP Eser gul Tal files FENG IR 100 1400 1600 400 H H v INA KT Center PNP SST Figure 7 Activated Eddy Current GUI As you can see that there is a back button available on every screen that allows the user to return to previous screen or home screen whenever desired Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre The buttons and their functions are as stated 1 1 1 Magnitude
46. ll This has been made clear in the description so as to avoid any ambiguity EE EE Aerospace NDT GUI Target Area UT S Acrospacc NDT National ICT Flaw Detection Software R amp D Fund Groat People to Fly With 1 C Wsers SalariDocuments GUI_Material andt gui UT Load CUsers SalariDocuments GUI_Material andt gui UT Data_files_1_4 Amplitude Scan for Location 1 Data Cursor Location number 1 v Description Amplitude Scan t gives the plot between Amplitude and Time Depth Normalized Amplitude 25 30 Depth in mm 7014 NDT Center PNEC NUST Figure 12 Resolution of Issue 13 The text now reads Amplitude Scan It gives the plot between Amplitude and Time Depth 16 n Issue 14 Improvement of Report Button Description for the report has been added and the background no longer freezes at the ROI plot In its place a blank axes is displayed The figure below shows the changes I DES Acrospacc NDT PI A National ICT Flaw Detection Software lt ona R amp D Fund C Users SalariDocuments GUI_Material andt gui ET Calibration_files 200KHz C Users Salar Documents GUI_Material andt gui ET Calibration_files 100KHz C Users SalariDocuments GUIL_Material andt gui ET Data_files 200k C Users Salar Documents GUI_Material andt guil ET Data_files 100K EJ Save Report as ae
47. mpiled to object code by native C compiler of the respective platform NesC has sophisticated but loosely defined three layer hardware abstraction architecture A Hardware Presentation Layer HPL provides direct access to all hardware registers through get and set commands The Hardware Adaptation Layer HAL which sits on top of HPL provides interfaces featuring complete functionality of different modular abstractions Finally a Hardware Interface Layer HIL provides hardware independent abstractions which have been standardized and evolved within TinyOS community over time program written using only HIL abstractions will run on any TinyOS platform However HIL does not provide complete capability of the underlying hardware because of the generalization Therefore one has to use a mix of HIL and HAL or even HPL to meet specific constraints Thus for meeting low power constraints along with high ADC sampling rates the codes used in this study have to use a mix of HIL and HAL also termed as weak HIL That is due to hardware dependencies high ADC 37 sampling rates the codes used in this study target TelosB motes only and may not run on other motes without modification The development was done by using Yeti2 an Eclipse IDE plug in for TinyOS 2 x over Ubuntu 12 04 OS a GNU Linux flavor because the NesC tools and TinyOS platform drivers are naturally developed for Linux although development is possible over Windows via Cy
48. n of Interest ROI Plot El ternspzer GLI Fuselage 17 n hans E EE s k 4 erospaco NDT os P LA National Flaw Detection Software Alastor ae REC Fund q M KAT Center PRE SST Figure 11 Region of Interest ROI Plot The ROI detection button shows the potential interested regions in the image To find potential ROI a morphological operation has to be performed It uses the concepts of merging and eroding Any two values close to one another may be merged together to form one common intensity value Similarly any low intensity value may be eroded which may not be that significant 1 1 5 Report Button Click on the report button to view the Figure 12 Save as option for ET Report which allows the user to save the report with desired name and at desired location Aerospace NOT GUI Fuselage ET SS PLA Z Pycha gz Phy am New feider x Search Deno D 1 VE Favorites gt d BE Dnitcp zaj Syttem m amp Downiordi mz 5 7 Recent Places Homegroup Dropbos Ki Stem Folder va bbeanes R Zeien p ilar Decuments GA A Computer y Description A Lynen Felder m Pictures i Report Displays the final report re e d about the affected regions The report i obtamed after SLR 0 512 com
49. ng span should cover at least one Pulse Repetition Interval PRI Thus the sampling span was kept to be 2 x PRI 2 PRF 409 5 us Therefore the number of samples required to cover the whole sampling span came out to be approximately SO samples for 200 ksps However the signal was being acquired at a rate of 12 x 200 ksps 2400 kbps as each sample was of 12 bits Whereas the maximum data rate for wireless transmission in Telosb is 250 kbps This means that the acquired signal can t be transmitted in real time and a buffer is needed Since each sample takes one word of storage in its raw form approximately 160 bytes of storage buffer was required to store a complete sampling span This size estimation was crucial because the memory is a significant constraint and nesC does not allow dynamic allocation of buffers for enhanced reliability 4 3 5 Communication protocol and packet format We have used single hop networking to demonstrate a potentially feasible wireless GWUT SHM scheme which can be easily extended to multi hop networks for large scale NDT The fundamental networking layer that is user accessible in TinyOS is the Active Message Layer 40 AML message_t is a standard message buffer of the AML In essence it is a data link layer packet incorporating device dependent parameters and providing platform independent access to layers above it The header footer and metadata fields are device dependent whereas the data fi
50. nnnnrrvvnnnrsssnnnnnnrvesssssnnnnnnrnnssne 37 4 3 3 ADC configuration for TelosB vu R saa 39 4 3 4 Wave capture and buffering 40 4 3 5 Communication protocol and packet format 40 4 3 6 Program structure for remote station 42 4 3 7 Program structure for base station E 44 A Appendix A User Manual for ANDT GUI Software A 1 Table of Figures Figure 1 Bitbucket environment showing state of issues as marked by the developers 8 Figure 2 Bitbucket environment showing commits made by the developers 2 8 Figure 3 Resolution of Issue 3 part a eege 9 Resolution On EN GE EA 10 ES RANE vr 11 H CU 00 12 13 166 FN m YA ae R S 13 Moure 9 ATEN 14 NR MER Mr 15 UR STE vr 15 Figure 12 Resolution of Issue AEN 16 Hr RR Av 17 TRER l 0 5 7077777777 777 18 Pow BD RR A EE 19 Figure 16 Flow Graph for Hilbert Huang Transform 55 20 IMF plots usins 21 Er 15 EE Huang 0 C eege 22 Figure 19 Test Specimen with three machined cracks Top View Front view and Side View 22 Figure 20 Healthy Location IMF S E deeg 23 Figure 21 Cracked Location IMFs Crack of 5 mm dia at depth of 8 mm 24 Figure 22 Hilbert Spectrum a Healthy Location b Cracked Location crack of 3 mm dia c Cracked Location crack of
51. o carry on with this approach of the listbox staying at one consistent location number to be changed by the user when necessary s Issue 4 19 STFT Button Improvement Required The distance indicator has been utilized as it gives the position in mm of the location selected from the STFT plot And at this exact location we get the A Scan and its spectrum in the frequency domain Thus a single feature provides a lot of relevant information The description has been improved as well The result is shown below 18 2 Aercspace NOT GUL Target Area w gt he gt ee a we osf Acrospacc NDT PLA National ICT Flaw Detection Software Sr mar on R amp D Fund Load x 10 STFT for Location 1 A Scan for Location 1 pot ST Location number 1 Amplitude iess de athe PETET ETETE Description STFT t gives the Short Term Frequeney Transform of A Scans The plot on the upper right side gives the AScan of the selected location in the time doamin while the lower plot gives the frequency spectrum of the same location At Time 2 1e O6sec Distance 0 0062223m 2014 NDT Center PNEC NUST Figure 15 Resolution of Issue 419 The text now reads STFT It gives the Short Term Frequency Transform
52. parison of dafa obtened at Seve as type bt fwo frequencies which heads lo greater accuracy Folders 70114 NDT Cener PNAC NIST we 2 Figure 12 Save as option for Report Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre Choose a name and location for your ET Report and click on save It would then pop up Figure 13 Eddy Current Report based on the data analyzed M repr NOT GT se UW mmm W Li W faa O Acrospace NDT 4 PLA Katia mal ICT Flaw Detection Software k Sa RED Fund Unus ktopoandlt qru iL HL st rgton Taq s GT KHEL User ADe OP gud ML akDrabon_e Tar m ET Report Notepad File Ida iz d v Current Test Heparr Format Views Help ee ine Ima ei uyuulu dela Number of ROME 4 Rol Detinien Features Val ROI Locations 55012291 DEFECT j 126 260553 437 Fha 200 149 000000 17 Fra Vn 149 000000 IE which laada io j keet 615 B Male ap 136 100006 1341 Fhe_ MOD 144 000000 194 000000 NO DRFELT Fis 100 Maxter 01 090081 H DEFECT 1210000100 3524 Fha 200 149 000006 Fis 100 160000000 Masteri 62 1 00 NO DEFECT 5 123 000000 Fns 200 149000000 eg TERA ru se vi m m l phi a Lal m l OMR RG Figure r Current Report The report button displays the final re
53. picts the behavior of mote at RS 42 BOOT STATE Event booted fired Event Recelve fired AND CMD start Event Receive fired AND seq_n n_frag ADC SAMPLING RADIO TX Event MultipleDataReady fired after sampling Event Receive fired AND seq n cn frag Event Receive fired AND CMD transmit WAIT SAMPLED Figure 47 State diagram for wireless mote at RS The wireless transmission was carried out according to the protocol defined earlier for which the flow chart is illustrated in Figure 48 43 4 Start TX 2 v n frag sizeof GWUT MSG sizeof txpkt Start send timer seq n 0 Timer Expires TX seq n Wait for RX No seq_n v seq n par1 Figure 48 Transmission flovv chart at RS mote 4 3 7 Program structure for base station The wireless mote at BS was connected to a computer using a serial connection at 115200 baud It was programmed to pass commands from the BS s computer to the RS mote and receive the GWUT acquisition file when transmitted by the RS mote It then sends the file over serial connection to the BS computer where a User Interface UI program was developed to reconstruct the signal and process it further The state diagram for BS mote is depicted in Figure 49 44 BOOT STATE Event booted fired Event UartStre
54. port which gives adequate detail about the effected regions It includes various parameters such as frequency phase magnitude etc and classifies each region of interest as defect or non defect This information is represented in three different columns The first column represents the location of potential regions in terms of rows and columns The features such as maximum reactance maximum magnitude phase at 200 kHz and phase at 100 kHz are extracted from defined location The values of the extracted features are placed in third column Classification of the ROI is done using heuristically defined rules and conditions and result is shown in the last column At the end of the report there is also an option of saving the file On clicking save a save as window appears that allows the user to save the report in text format with desired name and location Another feature available is that on pressing any of the buttons the user can not only see the plot but there is also a side panel that shows the description of each plot 11 Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre 1 2 Ultrasonic The same GUI allows the user to analyze the Ultrasonic data as well Click on Ultrasonic from the home window to view the following Figure 14 Ultrasonic GUI rraspaee GUI Fuselage UT PLA md lagte Aerospace NDT Notional BOT Flaw Detection Software RAD Fund Sa
55. quently fabricate a Pipeline Inspection Gauge for Non Destructive Testing NDT applications that uses established Magnetic Flux Leakage MFL testing methods An introduction to this project the objectives that the undergraduates aim to achieve with its completion its proposed working design and the implementation process was looked at in the 5th quarter s report summary of the project s background is mentioned below 4 2 1 Background The basic principle involves the use of a permanent magnet to magnetize the steel In areas where there may be corrosion or a deformity in the metal structure the magnetic field leaks from the steel and an MFL detection device which has a magnetic detector placed between the poles of the magnet detects the leaking field The data of the leakage field is recorded and can be later analyzed to identify damaged areas and expectantly estimate the depth of metal loss Any corrosion or pitting in steel or other metal structures most commonly pipelines and storage tanks can be picked out The software MATLAB allows users to log interpret and visualize collected data in intuitive graphical representations We hope to present the data from sensors and display them in graphical 2 D or 3 D form to easily be able to identify structural flaws in ferromagnetic pipes 32 4 2 2 Progress 4 2 2 1 Choice of Sensor The team has decided on the use of MAG3110 magnetometer to detect anomalies in the pipeline Fr
56. rce Mobile Station Reciever Base Station I GWUT MSG Sequence 0 Stop and Wait for ACK When BS mote receives a seq it sends corresponding I Command GWUT ACK l I ACK I When an ACK is received MS sends next packet I GWUT MSG Sequence 1 Leesch kk GWUT MSG Sequence 2 Command GWUT MSG ACK 1 lt When a seq from MS or its ACK Command GWUT MSG ACK 2 drops a send timer expires to retransmit the last seq GWUT MSG Sequence 2 ffe Command GWUT MSG ACK 2 Figure 45 Protocol sequence diagram implemented for Single hop communication The command packet as depicted in Figure 45 was used for acknowledgement of GWUT data packets and also to issue commands to the Remote Station RS At a particular instant the commands may be start sampling start wireless transfer etc depending upon the state of the system and set by using the parameters as shown in Figure 46 o o o g o g lt a 41g lt Ee N N N Parameter Parameter Command 1 2 Figure 46 GVVUT command and acknowledgement packet 4 3 6 Program structure for remote station The remote mote or RS was programmed to acquire the signal from the signal conditioning board and transmit it to the BS as per defined format when commanded by the BS The sate diagram in Figure 47 de
57. rd selected 4 2 2 3 Choice of pipeline specifications After doing a market survey we obtained a specimen of one of the most common pipelines used in the industry for the transportation of fluids Reference cuts and irregularities were introduced in our specimen so that when our magnetometer is passed over the pipeline differences in the readings can be detected It should be noted that the specimen pipeline is made up of a ferromagnetic material and it is subjected to the field of a permanent magnet Figure 35 Pipeline specimen selected 4 2 2 4 Data logging and manipulation An open source software GOBETWINO has been used to log data Gobetwino is kind of a generic proxy for Arduino It s a program that will act on behalf of Arduino and do some of the things that Arduino can t do on its own We are using Gobetwino to log data from Arduino to a notepad file with an optional timestamp Once the data has been logged it is to be migrated to MATLAB and displayed graphically with isolated Axes and compounded Axes 34 24 testloq ixt Notepad File Edit Format View Help 9 20 2014 9 20 2014 9 20 2014 1 i 1 1 1 2 15 Es 1 1 i 1 e B 1 l e K l t As 1 1 As 1 ALS 1 1 1 E PM x 603 y 111 z 2364 PM x 603 y 111 z 2365 PM x 602 110 2 2363 PM x 602 y 111 z 2361 PM x 603 y 111 z 2360 33 PM x 603 y 111 z 2368 PM x 603 y 112 z 2361 PM x 603 y 112
58. re The Amplitude Scan button gives the plot between time and amplitude This is exactly the same plot which can be seen at the equipment screen at the time of inspection A Scan 15 the basis for all other processing of ultrasonic signals 1 2 2 C Scan button C Scan Piot Top View 7013 NDT Center PRPC NEST Figure 22 C Scan Plot The C Scan button gives the top view of the test specimen and it is top view thickness mapping of the material which is obtained with the help of A Scans With the help of C Scan the user can estimate the sub surface issues which are not easily visible 1 2 3 FFT button Click on the FFT button to view the Figure 23 Fast Fourier Transform FFT Plot of the loaded data 70113 SDT Cener PRPC NIIST Figure 23 Fast Fourier Transform FFT Plot Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre It gives the fast Fourier transform of the A scans It is a plot between frequency and amplitude both normalized This also comes with a panel on the right side of the interface showing description of plot as well as the same Figure 24 Dropdown menu for selecting location FFT number desired az r eg ERA WT m m mm TM NTT enier FAFS NST Figure 24 Dropdown menu for selecting location FFT Select the desired location and click on the FFT button again to view its FFT plot 1 2 4 STFT button Click on the STFT button to view the Figure 25 STFT
59. re to the NDT team of PIA 3 5 Generation of Historical Database Through the generation of historical database the remaining useful life RUL of aircraft structure can be predicted This database would be used in damage progression crack growth studies for different structures parts of the aircraft The database would also show the degradation progression in different components specimens with respect to flight hours The knowledge of RUL would ensure aircraft safety as well as enable aircraft management agencies to plan repair replacement accordingly Thus development of historical database is a long and continuous process which remained in progress during the 6 quarter 4 Undergraduate Projects Progress Subsequent sections document the progress on different UG projects in the sixth quarter 4 1 Embedded Hardware Based Multi Frequency Eddy Current NDT System PC Based Eddy Current NDT System This undergrad FYP was successfully completed by the end of the quarter The proyect vvas then undertaken by a new group of undergrads Project progress 1s detailed in the following sections 4 1 1 Newtitle Upon being taken by new undergrads the project has been given a new title Embedded Hardware Based Multi Frequency Eddy Current NDT System As implied by the title the previous project is to be enhanced and improved details of which are listed below a Multi frequency aspect introduced to carry out testing at varying depths b
60. rget area of the aerospace structure namely the Fuselage Wings or Landing Gear The following Figure 2 Target Area of Aerospace Structure should appear after clicking on the Start button Aerospace NDT m Aerospace NDT GUI Target National ICT Flaw Detection Software R amp D Fund FUSELAGE i x NA WINGS LANDING GEARS BACK 2014 NDT Center PNEC NUST Figure 2 Target Area of Aerospace Structure Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre 3 Upon selection of any target area the following window pops up prompting the user to select between the methods of NDT through which the data has been acquired The available Figure 3 NDT Techniques are shown below Acrospace NDT Flaw Detection Software National ICT RAD Fund EDDY CURRENT 2014 NDT Center PNEC NUST Figure 3 NDT Techniques 4 Clicking either one of the options leads to a unique Graphical User Interface designed and coded for processing particular data Choose the option you have used to acquire the data from a test specimen 1 1 Eddy Current Click on eddy current to view the following Figure 4 Eddy Current GUI NOT GU Fuel SE ET ar 8 SECH EEN So Riu Aerospace NDT L National IET Flaw Detection Software READ Fund e Gaieci Art Frequency Casyralemi Fig Seleri Hagh Frequency Ery Data Directory Daseriprian Detaled Deserpfar
61. rgy concentrated in the window formed by frequency band of interest at the particular location and the flaw size area Thus computing the concentrating energy in the region of interest would offer the flaw profile 3 2 5 Inclusion in ANDT GUI This HHT algorithm has been successfully incorporated in the ASNDT GUI for flaw characterization of UT data The procedure to view the HHT plot in the GUI is the same as rest of the plots A separate button for HHT has been introduced in the left side button panel This can be seen in Figure 23 below Acrospace NDT National ICT Flaw Detection Software R amp D Fund Figure 23 HHT Button on left panel of GUI Once the user clicks on it the Hilbert Spectrum can be seen in four different plots These are basically the plots of healthy location plot 1 and three are the plots of cracked locations 3mm 4mm and 5mm respectively The Figure 24 below shows the plots generated in the GUI 25 Acroapace Flaw Detection Sothaare CAUSErH BU mey b nas ktomandi urifTiDain faa Hithert Huang Spectrum d 8 Depth m mm Hilbert Huang Sp ctram Hibar Hang Spectrum r B E Depth in mmi E Z lal MITT mer P NIIST Figure 24 HHT Plots in GUI All of them use A scan data information and energy distribution can be seen in the UT Report generated at the end This new information can easily be used to differentiate between crack and non crack locations of the
62. ro 37 1 111111111111111 m ye a Rete oO o R46a 8 ZUR KI m ma 78 J3 161 RIJM s FRAY 20 gt ra L 2 eg C60 C61 i Kb R36 8 4 ead S gar w CH CH U14 m sv Ss Le it SH UAL m fo CY c o il Made in the UK D no w e en CAMERA Na n n gt E H Kai r pa Figure 30 Top view of the Raspberry Pi Model B module This module will be used to display the signal output This module was selected because of its economic feasibility and ease of software development as it has its own OS based on Linux 4 1 4 Interfacing a screen As mentioned earlier the processed signal has to be displayed on a screen In the PC based version of the project this part of the system was done by the PC using a monitor In the case of the current project the output display will directly be interfaced to the Raspberry Pi module either via the built in HDMI port or via I O pins present onboard One such interface is shown in the figure below 31 Figure 31 TFT Resistive touch screen interfaced with a Raspberry Pi module The display to be interfaced will have touch screen input capability preferably capacitive touch to ensure that need for physical input buttons is minimal 4 2 PC Based Pipeline Inspection Gauge PIG The undergrads aim to design and subse
63. s in the bin For finding the region of interest its essential to have an idea of the different data present Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre EJ Aerospace GU Fuselage 1 FT j rer SS Aerospace NDT Katia nal CT Flaw Detection Software R amp D Fund EPIA Histogram Cahbrated Magnitude 3000 2500 A Description Hstogram vsplays e 17 values ri n im u m ihm form 16 b r l Tha haghi of each rectangle ieies Me number of alamanla a ihe hin EAA AT Center Pal Fi WEIST Figure 9 Histogram Plot 1 1 3 Adaptive Threshold Button Click on the Adaptive Threshold button to see the Figure 10 Adaptive Threshold Plot Fiatinna WT RED Fund v l KAT Center PNP SST Figure 10 Adaptive Threshold Plot It basically shows the processed image of the particular area in an aerospace structure Adaptive threshold is used to remove the ill influence which typically takes a grayscale or color image as input andoutputs a binary image representing the segmentation This means that two colors are used to represent the intensity values The area in red is the possible effected region in an aircraft Aerospace NDT GUI User Manual PNEC NUST NDT Centre 1 1 4 ROI Detection Button Click on the ROI detection button to view the Figure 11 Regio
64. specimen under test 3 3 UTD Conversion GUI Add on The utd files from Sona test equipment for UT can t be read directly Therefore we have developed a UTD conversion GUI that takes the screenshot of the utd file read in Sona test equipment software and extracts the graph information from it that can be plotted on MATLAB The code first crops the unnecessary part of the picture out Then the grid lines at fix coordinates are removed Subsequently it looks for the black pixels in the picture A picture is actually a matrix with three dimensions representing RBG colors The color black is represented by zero Hence the code looks for the number zero throughout the matrix and returns the row and column information of the zero values inside the matrix Which in turn are used as coordinates on the plot 26 Na NUSTES Defining futures 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 2014 NDI Center PNEC NUST Figure 25 UTD conversion GUI interface 3 3 1 Load image button On pressing the load button we will get a prompt to select the appropriate image AN d ly l Uu TA sM v RWE 2014 NDI Center PNEC NUST Figure 26 Load image function in UTD conversion GUI On selection the cropped graph from the selected image will be displayed on the left axes while the converted signal will be plotted on right axes 27 3 3 2 Save Current Graph Button The plot can b
65. standard depths of penetration 2d eddy current density has decreased to 1 e squared or 13 5 of the surface density At three depths 3d the eddy current density is down to only 5 of the surface density This feature is going to be achieved by using an excitation source that can supply frequencies at a range approximate 30 kHz to 100 kHz For this an op amp based sine wave generator will be used The frequency of the output from the op amp will be controlled by an Arduino board or a Raspberry Pi module 4 1 3 Embedded Hardware The need for embedded hardware arises when economic and ergonomic feasibility is desired The team plans to completely remove the dependence on a PC to display the output from the Eddy Current testing system This is to be achieved by using a Raspberry Pi module Raspberry Pi is a credit card sized single board computer that can be used for many different purposes It 1s based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip SoC which includes an ARM 700 MHz processor VideoCore IV GPU and 512 MB of RAM The system has a MicroSD socket for boot media and persistent storage 30 J8 e wR ww C65 4 P mA e uh24 eg mes eg mes m 013 102 _0l u R23 Ser UR 04 G Bam LJ 296 Raspberry Pi Model B V1 2 Dam 49848 anne o Lu aid C98 PW medl ar Ul RE LETTET ER 1 184684094986949449 Sa oO
66. t is shown m figure below 21 c NDT GUI Fuselage w National ICT Flaw Detection Software R amp D Fund C Users SalariDocuments GUI_Material andt gui ET Calibration_files 200KHz es cr w por x i ET Report Notepad a File Edit Format View Help Eddy Current Test Report Engineers Moez ul Hasan Taha Ali Developers Salar Bin Javaid 1 4 Date 06 Nov 2014 Number of ROIs 4 ROI ROI Locations 3 3482 3710 End of Report Features Max Reactance Max Magnitude Phase at 200kHz Phase at 100kHz Max Reactance Max Magnitude Phase at 200kHz Phase at 100kHz Max Reactance Max Magnitude Phase at 200kHz Phase at 100kHz Max Reactance Max Magnitude Phase at 200kHz Phase at 100kHz C Users Salar Documents GUI_Material andt gui ET Calibration_files 100KHz Value 54 527398 173 441633 149 000000 177 000000 44 169147 221 269067 164 000000 190 000000 57 556698 141 315250 149 000000 181 000000 47 963915 215 230109 149 000000 174 000000 on a PLA Great Poople to Fly With Description Report Displays the final report which gives adequate detail Be about the effected regions The ERY report is obtained after NO DEFE comparison of data obtained at two frequencies which leads to greater accuracy NO DEFE m Figure 8 Resolution of Issue 9 j Issue 10 ASNDT S W Warning 13
67. z and 200 kHz data files should be kept in separate properly labeled folders The figure below displays the implemented solution 10 EJ Aerospace NDT GUI Fuselage ET o EE Acrospacc NDT PI National ICT Flaw Detection Software 2 R LA A Great Poople to Fly With amp D Fund Select High Frequency Calibration File Select Low Frequency Calibration File Select High Frequency Raw Data Directory Select Low Frequency Raw Data Directory El Please Select High Frequency Calibration File l andt gui ET Calibration files 200KHz v L Search 200KHz GEN s Organize v Nevv folder A faqnitude r Favorites Name x Date modified EL Desktop standard 200khz dat 11 5 2014 8 50 PM DAT File 5 Downloads 3 Dropbox E Recent Places Adaptive Thresh Fi Libraries Documents amy Git all Music Pictures H Videos ba Computer D File name v dat MON Sa e 2014 NDT Center PNEC NUST Ns b 4 CJ 2 er AB Y EE REG Figure 5 Resolution of Issue 4 e Issue 5 Correction of NUST Logo amp Magnitude Button in ET This issue arose because response is slow due to heavy computations on certain machines However the logo has been removed from the Magnitude and subsequent button call backs leaving behind blank axes which does not invert and is thus aesthetically sound f Issue 6

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