819C_D_Sphere-Detector_User_ Manual
Contents
1. 819C D Senes Integrating Sphere Detectors UsersManual aD Newport Experience Solutions Preface Warranty Newport Corporation warrants that this product will be free from defects in material and workmanship and will comply with Newport s published specifications at the time of sale for a period of one year from date of shipment If found to be defective during the warranty period the product will either be repaired or replaced at Newport s option To exercise this warranty write or call your local Newport office or representative or contact Newport headquarters in Irvine California You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions Send the product freight prepaid to the indicated service facility Repairs will be made and the instrument returned freight prepaid Repaired products are warranted for the remainder of the original warranty period or 90 days whichever first occurs Limitation of Warranty The above warranties do not apply to products which have been repaired or modified without Newport s written approval or products subjected to unusual physical thermal or electrical stress improper installation misuse abuse accident or negligence in use storage transportation or handling This warranty also does not apply to fuses batteries or damage from battery leakage THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABI2. e Your Contact Information e Serial number or original order number e Description of problem i e hardware or software To help our Technical Support Representatives diagnose your problem please note the following conditions Is the system used for manufacturing or research and development What was the state of the system right before the problem Have you seen this problem before If so how often Can the system continue to operate with this problem Or is the system non operational e Can you identify anything that was different before this problem occurred Table of Contents Wat idad 1 Technical Support Contacts tad 3 Table Of COnpents onera i a a 4 IN A A aca cel diane 5 PASTOR able ines 5 1 General Information 6 1 1 Unpacking and Inspection cooonnccnnnccnnnononanconnnannnonn nono ncnoncnnnnnonn non 6 1 27 Product Models iii gees eae 6 1 3 Benefits of Using Sphere Detectors ooonocccnoconoccnoonononcnannnnnncnonannn 7 LA Specifications A A ts 8 1 5 Making Measurements ia ei 8 1 6 Temperature and Huida 9 2 Calibration Uncertainties and Limitations 10 2 1 Spectral RESPONSCs iccssssiea cn cesedacesariaesvanedenseneeuan eacesadeconsmeaaeeanedannese 10 2 2 Divergent vs Collimating Beam Input Considerations 10 2 3 Calibration Uncertainties and Services ooooconccccnnocccnnonncnnnnccnnnnnos 11 24 Detector MU rin dci 13 2 5 Saturation with Pulsed Power Measurements ccooccccocccnnnon
3. 2W 819D SL 5 3 CAL2 400 to 1100 nm 3 E 1001 1100nm 100nW 10 W 5 910 960 nm 819D IG 2 CAL 910 to 1650 nm O 100 nW 2 5 W 819D IG 5 3 CAL 930 to 1650 nm e aam 1 uW 90W Attach the connector of an integrating sphere detector to a compatible Newport optical power meter Refer to the power meter user manual for 1 6 details on how to operate the meter In order to assure good electrical connectivity 1t is recommended that the thumbscrews located on both sides of the connector be hand tightened Each detector comes with its unique calibrated responsivity data encoded in an EEPROM built into the connector When the detector is connected to a power meter for the first time manually set up the wavelength from the power meter Calibration data is provided for the detector with and without the optical attenuator Newport s 1830 R 1918 R 1928 C and 1936 2936 R optical meters read the EEPROM data not only during initial power up but any time a detector is connected and subsequently sensed by the optical meter To ensure an accurate measurement it is recommended that the detector be mounted securely on an optical table All Newport optical detectors are calibrated with the input port surface normal to the incident beam with the reflectivity from the detector air interface and from the attenuator already taken into account during calibration The models that end with CAL2 have a built in optical attenuator which can b
4. LITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE NEWPORT CORPORATION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE PURCHASE OR USE OF ITS PRODUCTS First printing 2012 2012 by Newport Corporation Irvine CA All rights reserved No part of this manual may be reproduced or copied without the prior written approval of Newport Corporation This manual has been provided for information only and product specifications are subject to change without notice Any change will be reflected in future printings Newport Corporation 1791 Deere Avenue Irvine CA 92606 USA Part No 90053518 rev A Confidentiality amp Proprietary Rights Reservation of Title The Newport programs and all materials furnished or produced in connection with them Related Materials contain trade secrets of Newport and are for use only in the manner expressly permitted Newport claims and reserves all rights and benefits afforded under law in the Programs provided by Newport Corporation Newport shall retain full ownership of Intellectual Property Rights in and to all development process align or assembly technologies developed and other derivative work that may be developed by Newport Customer shall not challenge or cause any third party to challenge the rights of Newport Preservation of Secrecy and Confidentiality and Restrictions to Access Customer shall protect the Newport Programs and Related Materials as trade se
5. alibration report The calibration report is unique to each detector and should be archived for future reference The calibration interval recommended for these detectors is 12 months Please make sure that these items are received in good condition NOTE Fragile parts are contained Use caution when handling There is no user serviceable part for this product 1 2 Product Models Model Sphere Size Input Port Size Detector Type 819C UV 2 CAL 2 in 0 5 in 819C UV 5 3 CAL 5 3 1n 1 0 in UV enhanced Silicon 819C SL 2 CAL2 2 in 0 5 in 819C SL 5 3 CAL2 5 3 1n 1 0 in Silicon 819C IG 2 CAL 2 in 0 5 in 819C IG 5 3 CAL 5 3 in 1 0 in InGaAs 819D UV 2 CAL 2 in 0 5 in 819D UV 5 3 CAL 5 3 in 1 0 in UV enhanced Silicon 819D SL 2 CAL2 2 in 819D SL 5 3 CAL2 5 3 in Silicon 819D IG 2 CAL 2 in 819D IG 5 3 CAL 5 3 in 0 5 in InGaAs Table 1 819C and 819D Series Models Check with Newport for the full product offering 1 3 Benefits of Using Sphere Detectors Newport s calibrated integrating sphere detectors consist of the 819C and 819D series integrating spheres configured to measure diverging or collimated light sources respectively and either a Si UV enhanced or an InGaAs sensor The integrating sphere is an ideal tool for measuring high power or diverging light sources using a photodiode The available sphere sizes are between 2 and 5 3 The spheres with a sil
6. best to keep the temperature close to 25 C Ambient Light and Electrical Offsets Due to the reduced detector responsivity caused by the signal diffusion of light inside the sphere the ambient light should be reduced as much as possible when using the detector It is recommended that the measurement setup be constructed in a light tight box Although the photocurrent generated by ambient light can be easily zeroed out the shot noise associated with the photocurrent will not be zeroed nor will any changes in the ambient light levels which might be caused by people moving around in the room A small electronic offset will always be present with semiconductor detectors caused by an interaction of the detector shunt resistance with voltage offsets in the amplifier circuitry The offset can be removed by use of the optical meter s zero function Please note however that the offset is a function of the temperature of both the photodiode and the amplifier inside the optical meter When measuring very low light levels it is best to re zero the meter whenever you think that the temperature of the detector or the optical meter may have changed For instance it is good practice to re zero the meter after a warm up period of about 30 minutes Refer to your optical meter manual for details regarding the zeroing procedure 2 8 2 9 High Power Measurement Considerations Integrating sphere detectors are often used in high power measurements
7. ccnnnnnss 14 2 6 Photodiode Opera visor octal ias 14 2 7 Low Power Measurement Considerations coocononcccnncccnnoncninnnnnos 14 Deed sil Noise Characteristics titi 14 2 7 2 Ambient Light and Electrical Offsets eee 15 2 8 High Power Measurement Considerations 0 0 0 0 eseeeseeeeeeeeeee 16 2 9 Using the Detector for Non CW Measurements eee 16 3 Factory Service 18 A o REO 18 3 2 Obtaining S rvite A A A a BAS 18 A A RN 19 List of Figures Figure 1 Attenuator ON OFF Switch is on the photodiode head 7 Figure 2 819D integrating sphere configuration coooccnnonnnocononnnananonncnonccnnno 11 Figure 3 819C integrating sphere CONfIgULAtiON oooonnnccnoncnnncnnacnnonncconccannos 11 Figure 4 Newport detector circuitry used in photovoltaic mode 14 Figure 5 Typical responsivity curve of 819D SL 5 3 CAL2 00 ee 16 List of Tables Table 1 819C and 819D Series Models Check with Newport for the full PROCUCE OTTO S RA RR 6 Table 2 Specifications Table cio querias sacegacasscsoncpdunedeasramedacdbueedege 8 1 General Information This user manual contains information necessary for using model 819C and 819D Series Integrating Sphere Detectors Please read through the guide before attempting to make optical power measurements 1 1 Unpacking and Inspection The 819C and 819D Series sphere detectors are shipped in a foam padded cardboard box along with this user s manual and the c
8. crets of Newport and shall devote its best efforts to ensure that all its personnel protect the Newport Programs as trade secrets of Newport Corporation Customer shall not at any time disclose Newport s trade secrets to any other person firm organization or employee that does not need consistent with Customer s right of use hereunder to obtain access to the Newport Programs and Related Materials These restrictions shall not apply to information 1 generally known to the public or obtainable from public sources 2 readily apparent from the keyboard operations visual display or output reports of the Programs 3 previously in the possession of Customer or subsequently developed or acquired without reliance on the Newport Programs or 4 approved by Newport for release without restriction Trademarks The Newport logo is a registered trademark of Newport Corporation in Austria Barbados Benelux Canada the People s Republic of China Denmark France Germany Great Britain Ireland Japan the Republic of Korea Spain Sweden and the United States Newport is a registered trademark of Newport Corporation in Austria Barbados Benelux the People s Republic of China Denmark France Germany Ireland Japan the Republic of Korea Spain and Sweden Service Information This section contains information regarding factory service for the source The user should not attempt any maintenance or service of the system or optional equipmen
9. d on the following page and have the information ready when contacting Newport Corporation Return the completed service form with the instrument 19 3 3 Service Form GYD Newport Corporation U S A Office 800 222 6440 FAX 949 253 1479 Newport Name Return Authorization Please obtain RA prior to return of item Company Please obtain RA prior to return of item Address Date Country Phone Number P O Number FAX Number ltem s Being Returned Model Serial Description Reason for return of goods please list any specific problems 20 Newport Corporation Worldwide Headquarters 1791 Deere Avenue Irvine CA 92606 In U S 800 222 6440 Tel 949 863 3144 Fax 949 253 1680 Internet sales newport com Visit Newport Online at www newport com
10. due to the natural signal attenuation due to diffusion of the signal inside the sphere Newport s 819D SL 5 3 CAL2 can measure up to 10 watts of optical power at its peak responsivity wavelength around 980 nm The main mechanism that limits the high power measurement of a sphere detector is the detector saturation The InGaAs detectors start to saturate at approximately 10 mA current the Si detectors at 2 mA and the UV detectors at 100 uA Because the responsivity is wavelength dependent the maximum optical power at which the photodiode saturates is also wavelength dependent Figure 5 shows a typical responsivity curve of a 819D SL 5 3 CAL2 shown in blue if viewed in color The maximum power before saturation becomes higher at the wavelengths with lower detector responsivity 20 3 0E 04 18 16 2 5E 04 S 14 lt S 2 0E 04 2 12 E 3 10 1 5E 04 O o o a 3 y S E 6 1 0E 04 2 o 4 Max Power 5 0F 05 3 2 819D SL 5 3 CAL2 0 T T T T T T 0 0E 00 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Wavelength nm Figure5 Typical responsivity curve of 819D SL 5 3 CAL2 When making high power measurements ensure that proper cooling is applied especially at the detector Using the Detector for Non CW Measurements When the photodetector is used with a Newport optical meter it is operated essentially without bias voltage as depicted in Figure 4 The ef
11. e manually switched into or out of the optical path using a slider Attenuator ON and OFF markings indicate the attenuator position see Figure 1 A built in sensor automatically detects the attenuator position signaling the power meter to use the appropriate responsivity for the detector attenuator combination Temperature and Humidity The temperature range of 5 to 50 C and the humidity levels greater than 70 should not be exceeded to avoid permanent damages for the photodiode sensor The photodiode sensitivity increases with temperature mainly for wavelengths longer than the peak response wavelength The temperature of the models ending with CAL2 can be monitored with the built in thermistor and the responsivity is numerically compensated to keep the calibration accurate within specification throughout the operating temperature for a given wavelength 2 Calibration Uncertainties and Limitations 2 1 2 2 Spectral Response The response of the detector depends on the wavelength of the incident light The photodiode is transparent for photon energies less than the band gap which determines the long wavelength infrared sensitivity limit The short wavelength limit is determined by the photodiode manufacturing process and possibly in the case of silicon photodiodes by strong window absorption The photodiode response is commonly measured in amps of photocurrent per watt of incident optical power The response curve
12. fective time constant of the detector amplifier combination may be much slower than the characteristic time of the signal Nonetheless if the detector amplifier combination does not become saturated effective integration of the signal will 17 occur and accurate power measurements of very short pulses can be made Additionally if the repetition rate or duty cycle is sufficiently high good average power measurements can be made Usually it is helpful to turn on the analog filter SHz low pass to smooth the DC component so that the optical meter will make consistent measurements of the average power 3 1 3 2 Factory Service Introduction This section contains information regarding obtaining factory service for the products The user should not attempt any maintenance or service of this product Contact Newport Corporation or your Newport representative for assistance The detector calibration uncertainty is warranted for a period of 1 year with a normal use Obtaining Service To obtain information concerning factory service contact Newport Corporation or your Newport representative Please have the following information available 1 Product model number 2 Product serial number 3 Description of the problem If the instrument is to be returned to Newport Corporation you will be given a Return Authorization Number which you should reference in your shipping documents Please fill out a copy of the service form locate
13. ibrated at planned intervals and by comparison to certified standards maintained at Newport Corporation Newport Corporation calibrates its detectors using secondary standards directly traceable to NIST and or NRC The absolute uncertainty of the photodetector calibration is indicated on the calibration report Detector response can change with time at different wavelengths especially in the ultraviolet and should be returned for recalibration at 12 month intervals to ensure confidence in the accuracy of the measurement Note that the system calibration is no longer valid if any component is changed from the original calibrated configuration For a very high power level elevated temperature of the integrating sphere system can affect the measurement accuracy so the sphere must be temperature controlled We recommend that the system be calibrated every year along with the optical power meter For recalibration services contact Newport Corporation at 800 222 6440 13 2 4 Detector Saturation For low optical power the photocurrent is linearly proportional to the optical signal incident on the photodiode For high optical powers saturation of the detector begins to occur and the response signal is no longer linearly proportional to the incident power Optical power measurements must be made in the linear region to be valid Newport s optical meters measure the current coming from the detector and will let you know before the detecto
14. icon detector are suitable for the measurements ranging from 400 1100 nm while the models with an InGaAs detector are suitable for approximately 800 1650 nm range The UV detector is optimized for wavelengths between 200 400 nm but it is calibrated up to 1100 nm All the spheres come with an SMA fiber optic connector on the North pole as a standard feature allowing a small amount of light pickoff for wavelength measurement or any further analysis without affecting the overall system calibration Key Features e Competitive calibration uncertainty e Calibrated and traceable to NIST standards e Measurements are less sensitive to exact detector positioning compared to a photodiode or a thermopile detector e The models that end with CAL2 utilize a 918D SL OD1 detector with a built in OD1 optical attenuator improving the dynamic range and the high power handling capability The thermal sensor near the sensor head allows correction of the optical power measurement as a function of temperature when used with by the optical meter Models 1918 R 1936 R 2936 R and 1830 R The On Off position of the attenuator is automatically detected and the temperature reading of the detector as well Figure Attenuator ON OFF Switch is on the photodiode head e The detectors have a built in EEPROM which stores the responsivity data measured for every 10 nm step within the specified spectral range for the detector The responsivity data is s
15. ission of the filter at the wavelength of light used for the measurement The calibrated filter or attenuator can be used with the detector to measure the power of higher power beams 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 7 1 Saturation with Pulsed Power Measurements Saturation effects when using pulsed lasers are a complex phenomenon and depend upon the wavelength peak power pulse shape average power repetition rate and on the type of detection circuit However the test for saturation described immediately above should be used whenever pulsed power measurements are being made Photodiode Operation When a photon is absorbed in the photodiode an electron hole pair is formed within the device and a voltage is developed across the diode junction If the photodiode terminals are connected a photocurrent proportional to the light intensity will be generated Measuring this photocurrent provides a measurement of the optical power incident upon the detector Newport s power meters utilize an Op Amp to enable unbiased photocurrent measurement Operation with zero bias 1s called the Photovoltaic Mode Reeenpack Op Amp Circuit Photovoltaic Mode LIGHT Figure4 Newport detector circuitry used in photovoltaic mode Low Power Measurement Considerations Proper detector usage in the low light measurement situations and achievement of accurate results requires the understanding of a number of effects that limit the device performance which are di
16. r is near its saturation point However even with low total power it is possible to locally saturate the detector by subjecting it to high power densities power per unit area i e a very small beam size This is why it is important to fill the central portion of the detector s active area as much as possible NOTE The saturation is soft i e the detector output does not suddenly stop increasing but the rate of increase slows For Gaussian and other signals with spatially varying intensities local saturation may occur The onset of saturation is not always obvious and is a common source of inaccurate measurements To determine if the detector is saturating follow the steps below 1 Measure the photodetector current or power and record this value A Place a filter or attenuator of known transmission T in the beam path Record the current again B A filter transmission of 0 001 is a convenient choice 3 The power with the filter in place should be the product of the power measured without the filter and the transmission of the filter i e B A x E If the transmission T of the filter is not known it can be determined by following the steps below 1 Reduce the optical power to a level low enough to avoid saturation but high enough that when it is reduced by the filter it can still be accurately measured 2 Follow steps 1 and 2 in the procedure above 3 Calculate the ratio T B A to determine the transm
17. s for the photodetector are shown on the calibration report shipped with each detector Divergent vs Collimating Beam Input Considerations One of the major advantages of using an integrating sphere is to diffuse the input beam so that the detector readings are less sensitive to errors caused by detector positioning or problems associated with overfilling or saturation of the active area of the detector The detector should see a completely diffused input field Then a key technical consideration when deciding which configuration one has to choose is whether the input beam will directly hit the detector influencing the optical power at the detector For this purpose each integrating sphere includes a baffle The 819D series integrating sphere detectors ideal for measuring divergent light sources are configured as shown in Figure 2 The 819C series integrating sphere detectors ideal for measuring collimated light sources are configured as shown in Figure 3 If the light source is diverging with a small angle either configuration will work 11 Detector Laser Diode Figure 2 819D integrating sphere configuration Detector Figure3 819C integrating sphere configuration 2 3 Calibration Uncertainties and Services STATEMENT OF CALIBRATION The uncertainty and calibration of this photodetectors are traceable to National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST or an equivalent body through equipment which is cal
18. scussed below Noise Characteristics The lower limits of optical detection are determined by the noise characteristics of the detector and or amplifier Theory predicts that the photodiode noise is largely thermal Johnson noise associated with the effective resistance of the photodiode and shot noise from dark current Additionally there is Johnson noise contributed by the resistance of the amplifier s feedback resistor The dark current at a 10mV bias voltage is 15 2 7 2 measured and used to define the effective resistance of the photodiode known as the shunt resistance Rshunt Vbias Laark where Vbias 10mV Ideally an input amplifier connected as in Figure 4 would have no off set voltage and there would be no dark current In practice though a small bias usually exists For non CW measurements the light detection limit is more generally expressed as the intensity of light required to produce a current equal to the noise current i e a signal to noise level of 1 This is called the noise equivalent power NEP and is expressed as NEP Noise Current Sensitivity W VHz with sensitivity defined as the current generated by the photodiode for a given incident power at a specific wavelength NEP varies inversely with the spectral response of the photodiode and depends on the wavelength the noise frequency f and bandwidth Af Noise and dark current generally increase exponentially with detector temperature so it is
19. t beyond the procedures outlined in this manual Any problem that cannot be resolved should be referred to Newport Corporation Technical Support Contacts North America Europe Newport Corporation Service Dept Newport MICRO CONTROLE S A 1791 Deere Ave Irvine CA 92606 Zone Industrielle Telephone 949 253 1694 45340 Beaune la Rolande FRANCE Telephone 800 222 6440 x31694 Telephone 33 02 38 40 51 56 Asia Newport Opto Electronics Technologies Wuxi Co Ltd Hota A ARAR IB ta T r AS J3 8 J 5 204028 Lot J3 8 Wuxi Export Processing Zone New District Jiangsu China 204028 Telephone 86 510 8113 2999 Fax 86 510 8526 9050 Newport Corporation Calling Procedure If there are any defects in material or workmanship or a failure to meet specifications promptly notify Newport s Returns Department by calling 1 800 222 6440 or by visiting our website at www newport com returns within the warranty period to obtain a Return Material Authorization Number RMA Return the product to Newport Corporation freight prepaid clearly marked with the RMA and we will either repair or replace it at our discretion Newport is not responsible for damage occurring in transit and is not obligated to accept products returned without an RMA E mail rma service newport com When calling Newport Corporation please provide the customer care representative with the following information
20. tored for both with and without the attenuator filter in the beam path The detectors are hot pluggable enabling this data to be uploaded onto the power meter when the detector is first connected to the instrument allowing for corrections of the responsivity as a function of the wavelength selected by the user 1 4 Specifications The following table summarizes the performance specifications of the 819C and 819D Series detectors Specifications may change without notice Model Spectral Range Calibration Uncertainty Power Range 819C UV 2 CAL 200 to 1100 nm 4 200 250 nm 2 5 251 950 nm 5 951 1100 nm 100 nW 100 mW 350 nm 819C UV 5 3 CAL 220 to 1100 nm 3 220 830 nm 3 5 831 960 nm 3 961 1100 nm 100 nW 500 mW 350 nm 2 921 1650 819C SL2 CAL2 an 110000 2 5 400 1000nm 100nW 2 0 W 819C SL 5 3 CAL2 3 E 1001 1100nm 100nW 4 0 W 5 800 910 nm 819C IG 2 CAL 800 to 1650 nm oO 100 nW 1 5 W 819C IG 5 3 CAL 860 to 1650 nm O lay 819D UV 2 CAL 819D UV 5 3 CAL 200 to 1100 nm 220 to 1100 nm 4 200 250 nm 2 5 251 950 nm 5 951 1100 3 220 830 nm 3 5 831 960 nm 3 961 1100 nm 100 nW 100 mW 350 nm 100 nW 500 mW 350 nm Table 2 2 951 1650 1 5 Making Measurements Specifications Table S19D SL 2CAL2 400 to 1100 nm 2 5 400 1000nm 100nW
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