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WinDisp 4.0 manual - Food and Agriculture Organization of the

1. 48 New Project Bitmap Text Close Close All Save Project Bitmap Text Print Print Current Window Print All Windows Print Setup Run Exit Edit menu Undo Cut Copy Paste Delete View menu Zoom In Out Previous Image Feature Lat Long Pan Up Down Left Right Graph Image Series Map Data Histogram Redraw Draw menu Point Open a new empty window of the selected data type WinDisp project Graphic can be used to display images maps graphics etc ASCII text can also be used for color tables data files projects etc Close the active window Close all open windows Save the active window to a file of the selected data type WinDisp project Bitmap graphic ASCII text Send one or all windows to the printer Print the active text or graphic window Print all windows on a single page Select a printer Run an external application Exit WinDisp Undo the previous operation Cut a portion of a graphic or text to the clipboard Copy a portion of a graphic or text to the clipboard Paste contents of the clipboard to a window Delete a portion of a graphic or text Zoom in out on an image or bitmap in the active window Zoom in by selecting a region with the cursor Zoom out to twice the current zoom factor Zoom to the previous image coordinates Zoom to the full extent of the image or bitmap Zoom in on a selected map feature Zoom in to area specified by latitude longitude Cha
2. Default width Default height Remarks If you are always displaying images or maps of the same area you can use this command to tailor the size of the window to fit your area of interest If you save these parameters to the INI file then they will be used each time you use WinDisp You can specify the number of pixels to leave blank with this function in order to specify a blank margin around your image and or map area Image and maps will only be displayed within the areas bound by the specified margins Options Communications Purpose File based communications link to other program Parameters Input directory Output directory Interval milliseconds Remarks This option can be used to establish a file based communications link to another program This was developed so that a Web server can call WinDisp 4 0 and request it to display images and maps and return a GIF bitmap of the result The communications process is as follows 1 The calling function places a file with a Ick extension in the input directory 2 The calling function places a file with a req extension in the input directory This file should be a batch file that WinDisp 4 0 is to execute 3 The calling function removes the Ick file thereby signifying that the req file should be processed 4 WinDisp 4 0 creates a Ick file in the output directory 5 WinDisp 4 0 opens and executes the req batch file creating any requested outputs 6 WinDisp 4 0 close
3. The Draw Bitmap command allows you to superimpose a bitmap on the image on screen by choosing the location with the cursor The difference between this command and File Retrieve Bitmap is that you can position the bitmap with Draw Bitmap Preparation of the image of Mali With the command Draw Box you can create an area where you can write text title explanation etc You can choose the color of the rectangle the style and color of the border and the background Use the command Edit Cut to create a blank area in the image Character strings are introduced using the command Draw Text which allows you to choose the font and the color of the text The location of the text can be determined using the i O Light cursor Sparse Medium The legend as shown in the example above is drawn with the command Draw Legend and the logo is added with the command Draw Bitmap When you are satisfied with the presentation you can save it in the form of a bitmap with the command File Save Bitmap Heavy DRRRATC O OCEAN 5 T Cold Cloud Duration 80 2 4 4 Displaying cartographic data One of the functions of WinDisp 4 0 is to display a table of numerical data in the form of a map provided that the cartographic information strictly conforms to the order in the map file bna and in the accompanying table The first line of the data file is a list of the fields contained in that file The following lines contain a cartographic
4. Remarks ERDAS is a widely used robust medium sized image processing and raster GIS system specializing in multispectral image analysis The ERDAS 7 x image file formats have become something of a standard since they were adopted by ESRI for use in their ArcView system Only 4 and 8 bit images are currently supported A Platte Carre geographic projection is assumed for all images being imported If a different projection is used Process Header Edit should be used to modify the image header accordingly See File Open Erdas for more information on displaying ERDAS images directly in WinDisp 4 0 When importing single band LAN images a single band of a multi band LAN image or a GIS image the values are imported as is with no stretching When importing multi band LAN images one band is assigned to each of the red green and blue colors The image values for each band are stretched from the mean 2 standard deviations to the range of 0 to 5 for the color assigned to that band The result values are added together to create a final result between 0 and 215 according to the formula red green 6 blue 36 This technique was adopted from an algorithm used by Idrisi for the same purpose To display these multi band LAN images correctly you must use a special color table called ERDASLAN CLR This color table has 6 intensities for red green and blue for a total of 6 6 6 216 colors The intensities are 0 51 102 153 204 and 255 The
5. The menu functions Draw Map Point and Draw Map Line can be used to create new BNA map files or to finalize and or update existing files such as maps of cities or rainfall stations point or roads lines The menu function Draw Map Region can be used to define new polygons or zones which can then be saved in a BNA map file such as crop zones or anomalous areas These files can then be used like any other BNA files for display and extracting statistics from and image or series of images cfr 2 7 3 In order to precisely digitize points line and or polygons it is necessary to open an image and or map file as a reference background as is done with a map file in the example presented here for Burkina Faso In the dialog boxes for the menu functions Draw Map Point Draw Map Line and Draw Map Region the user is prompted for the BNA filename and the path in which to save the new map information the map color to use for the new features being digitized as well as the primary and secondary feature name to attribute to the new feature for the BNA file format To add new features to an open or existing BNA map file the user can respond positively y to the question Append if file exists y n Only one feature type can be contained in a single BNA file therefore a file can ONLY consist of either points lines or polygons and can not contain mixed features Also only like features can be appended to an existing or open file To digiti
6. 37 5 12 7 34 1 11 6 00 Sample polygon file 14 32 3 10 5 37 5 12 7 34 1 11 6 32 3 10 5 00 File Open Erdas Image File Retrieve Erdas Image Purpose Display an ERDAS 7 4 LAN or GIS image in a new window or retrieve an ERDAS image into the currently active window Parameters Erdas 7 4 LAN or GIS file Red band for LAN images Green band for LAN images Blue band for LAN images Image X1 default 0 Image Y1 default 0 Image X2 default 0 Image Y2 default 0 Dam oa Remarks Use File Open Erdas Image to display an ERDAS image in a new window or File Retrieve Erdas Image to display an ERDAS image in the currently active window The display must be capable of displaying at least 256 colors for these images to display properly Only 4 and 8 bit ERDAS images are currently supported If the image is in a geographic projection maps can be overlayed on top of the image and the cursor can be used to display geographic coordinates When displaying GIS images the colors are created from the Erdas trailer TRL file that is typically associated with the GIS file If no trailer file is present the color scheme defaults to 256 gray shades When displaying single band LAN images or a single band of a multi band LAN image that band is displayed using 256 gray shades The image values are stretched from the mean 2 standard deviations to the range of 0 to 255 The mean and standard deviation are extracted from the STA fil
7. Command line parameters such as file names can be included File Exit Purpose Exit WinDisp Parameters None Remarks There is no warning so make sure you mean it 3 4 Edit menu Edit Undo Purpose Undo the previous graphics operation Parameters None Remarks When displaying images maps and drawing graphics each operation is saved in a list in the window that it is displayed in Clicking Undo will cause the most recent operation to be removed from the list the window cleared and each of the remaing operations repeated In this way each displayed feature can be removed from the window in turn from the most recent backwards Edit Cut Purpose Cut a portion of a graphic or text to the clipboard Parameters None Remarks The short cut for this is ctrl X For text the highlighted text will be cut and placed in the clipboard for later pasting For graphics use the cursor to select the region to be cut Click once to select one corner of the region and click again to select the other corner The graphics will be cut and placed in the clipboard for pasting Edit Copy Purpose Copy a portion of a graphic or text to the clipboard Parameters None Remarks The short cut for this is ctrl C For text the highlighted text will be placed in the clipboard for later pasting For graphics use the cursor to select the region to be copied Click once to select one 62 corner of the region and click a
8. O O O 0 Batch If End The example above is an if then clause delimited by the commands Batch If Begin and Batch If End Here the variable Dekad is used to select the image that will be loaded The first line checks that the value attributed to this variable is between 1 and 3 If the value is valid the following line is executed by WinDisp 4 0 and Batch If Else is not executed If the value is not valid the Batch If Else is executed This statement can be useful in automatically adapting names of variables when an error is detected as in section 2 6 3 For example if the variable Month must contain two digits to be valid but the user enters only one digit 1 to 9 for the months January to September the if then statement will place a 0 before the digit to correct the entry Batch If Begin Month lt 10 Batch Variable Set MonthOK 0 Month Batch If Else Batch Variable Set MonthOK Month Batch If End After this evaluation the variable Month is replaced by the variable MonthOK in the batch file and program processing 29 With the help of if then statements expressions to evaluate variables can be written in a batch file Some of the frequently used symbols are used in the following example Batch If Begin Dekad1 1 amp Dekad2 3 Month1 Month2 Batch If End Batch processing permits the execution of the command only if the variables Dekad1 and Dekad2 are equal to 1 and 3 respectiv
9. country map for Cape Verde is an example of a polygon boundary file Santa Lucia 8 24 73 16 74 24 76 16 75 24 80 16 78 24 80 16 80 24 77 16 80 24 74 16 76 24 71 16 76 24 73 16 74 S o Nicolau 19 24 33 16 48 102 24 35 16 49 etc The second label for a feature name is optional it may or may not be there While the first label normally denotes the name of the feature the second one can be used to point to a larger geographic entity to which the region polygon or point belongs However the user is free to use both labels to his own liking 4 5 Bitmaps Several type of bitmaps can be displayed in WinDisp 4 0 including BMP EPS JPG PCX RAS TGA TIF WMF WPG GIF type bitmaps can only be displayed if WinDisp 4 0 is installed with the additional Lead Tools drivers 4 6 Text files Text ASCII files can be displayed and edited in WinDisp or using any standard text editor 4 7 Data tables Data tables can be displayed in WinDisp as they relate to a corresponding map files of as an ASCII text file Tables can be created and edited with any text editor The following is an example of a data file with 5 fields for Taro and Yams in Benin note that 9999 used for Borgou Province is the no data available tag used by WinDisp 4 0 Region Total Prod 000 MT Per Cap Prod kg Yield kg ha Area Harv Region Area pct Area Harvested ha Atakora 328 72 528 48 11038 0 95 29781 Atlantique
10. originally created for applying correction factors to NDVI images However there are many other applications For instance IF File1 gt 82 File1 2 where Filet is an NDVI image will mask all water features and assign them to pixel count 2 The result of a logical operation is 1 TRUE or 0 FALSE The logical operators are as follows gt greater than lt less than equal to gt greater than or equal to lt less than or equal to amp and or lt gt not equal to A Equation can be any mix of variables numbers and operators Numbers can be any valid integer or floating point number ie 3 059 Variables must begin with a letter or underscore but the rest of the variable can contain a mix of numbers letters or underscores Some examples VARIABLES NUMBERS Image_1 30 month 32 083 _01234_ 000009 Once a equation has been input WinDisp will find all the possible variable names and prompt you for a filename to tie to the variable Note that any variable can occur as many times as you wish Algebra will also do string comparison Anything placed in quotes Algebra will assume is a string This can be useful in a batch file where the user may want to fix pixel results for a certain file 80 Example line from a batch file if foo badimage img 0 This_File Some_File 2 would find the average of This_File and Some_File if the value of the batch variable Foo is not Badimage img Process
11. 3 5 Version 3 5 added new communication parameters which enables WinDisp to receive automated commands from other software systems new mapping and legend feature and the satellite enhanced data interpolation SEDI routines derived from the IDA GIS Tools software developed for the Southern African Development Community SADC In addition WinDisp3 5 was modified to support multilingual versions of the menus and on line help files as part of the effort to distribute the Workstation to other early warning units in non English speaking countries A multi lingual dictionary was created which allows the user to choose between the languages supported by WinDisp Version 3 5 supported English and French and a Spanish interface was added in Version 4 0 Currently all WinDisp menus the on line help and reference documents are now available in English French and Spanish The multi lingual dictionary can be modified to support other languages In addition to the new Spanish interface WinDisp 4 0 also offers new functions with respect to Version 3 5 including on screen digitizing the use of ESRI Shape files as a vector file format and far greater options for developing automating and customizing map and image legends 1 3 About this manual This manual was developed to provide an introduction to WinDisp 3 5 to new users while also providing some in depth background and reference materials for advanced users of the program This updated manual acco
12. 341 401 It is important to note The option Function is effected by the case of the letters used Blank lines can be used to separate groups of commands and do not have an effect on the execution Spaces and tabs at the beginning of a line are ignored and can be used to separate groups of commands Long commands can be written on several lines The beginning and end of a command is designated by quotation marks Comments can be added in a batch files by denoting it as a comment line by starting the comment string with a sign Variables are delimited on each side by symbols If the users wishes to use the symbol for other than denoting a batch variable a pair of symbols must be used 28 2 6 3 Using variables Repetitive tasks can be simplified by using variables in a batch file For example dekad images every 10 days can be given file names similar to the one shown on the previous page dc97073 af substituting variables for the month and dekad The month and dekad will be stored as variables and used to specify the correct file name The user will then be prompted to enter the number of the month and dekad for the image desired The responses will be read into the batch file to identify the image to display The dialog would look like this Batch Variable Prompt Month Enter month desired 7 Batch Variable Prompt Dekad Enter dekad desired 3 File Open Image c ccd_af 1997 Dc97 Month Dekad af c
13. 39 89 43 88 11801 1 05 3380 Borgou 9999 9999 9999 9999 9999 Mono 116 09 190 31 12674 2 41 9160 Oueme 83 64 103 78 10352 1 72 8080 Zou 239 15 327 15 11399 1 12 20980 Information on how to display tabular data in a corresponding map file are contained in section 2 4 4 of this manual 4 8 Films A film can be developed from using a series of bitmaps BMP which can be displayed in rapid succession A film is created by saving images using File Save Bitmap if not already available and then by creating a file list see section 2 7 1 of bitmap file names in the order they are to be displayed A list file is a simple comma separated value ASCII file An example follows LA 1 s images image1 bmp 2 s images image2 bmp 3 s images image3 bmp 4 s images image4 bmp 5 s images image5 bmp 4 9 Project files Project files are text ASCII files can be displayed and edited in WinDisp or using any standard text editor Detailed information on the format use and construction of project files can be found in section 2 5 of this manual 103
14. Copy To copy a portion of graphics or text to the clipboard G Paste To paste the contents of the clipboard to the active window H Zoom In To zoom in on the image in the active window Zoom Out To zoom out on the image in the active window J Draw point To draw one or several points in the active graphics window K Draw line To draw aline in the active graphics window L Draw region To draw a polygon in the active graphics window M Draw box To draw a rectangle in the active graphics window N Add text To write text in the active graphics window O Color polygon To color a polygon in the active window To obtain more details concerning these functions refer to Chapter 3 2 2 Dialog boxes A dialog box will appear for each function of the menu requiring specification of parameters This furnishes the user with a reliable interface that is easy to use File Open Image Image name ZANDVI_AF1M19981DVY98072 AF GADATAMAFRICANPROJECTSAC CL EN Difference image name Color table Image X1 0 default Image Y1 0 default Image X2 O default Image Y2 0 deio Save parameters D E F A Description of parameters The left side of the dialog box contains short descriptions of the parameters to be entered 12 B Parameters The blanks on the right side of the dialog box are the spaces in which the user must enter the values of the required parameters Once the parameters have been entered they will appear
15. Table Ida Convert an IDA LUT color table to a WinDisp 4 0 color table Process Import Ascii Image Import an ASCII text file as an image Process Import Binary Image Import a raw binary 8 bit or 16 bit image Process Import Erdas Image Import an ERDAS 7 x LAN or GIS image Process Import Erdas Table Convert a TRL color table ERDAS 7 x GIS to a WinDisp 4 0 color table Process Import Idrisi Image Import an IDRISI image Process Import Idrisi Vector Import an IDRISI vector map file Process Import Surfer Grid Import a Surfer raster grid Process Import Surfer Plot Import a Surfer Plot file as a BNA map Process Import ArcView Shape Import an ESRI ArcView Shape file as a BNA map Process Export Ascii Image Export an image as an ASCIl text file Process Export Binary Image Export an image as raw binary 8 bit image Process Export Erdas Image Export an image in ERDAS 7 x LAN or GIS format Process Export Idrisi Image Export an image in IDRISI format Process Export Idrisi Vector Export a BNA map as an IDRISI vector Process Export Surfer Grid Export an image to a Surfer raster grid Process Export Surfer Blank Export a BNA map to a Surfer blank file Process Export ArcView Shape Export a BNA map to an ESRI Shape file 45 2 8 On screen digitizing WinDisp 4 0 permits the on screen digitization of points lines and polygons over maps and images in a display window The resulting map can be saved as a BNA map file cfr 4 4
16. allows users to digitize points lines and polygons on screen over maps and images in a display window The resulting map can be saved as a new BNA map or appended to an existing BNA map file containing the same features To digitize a single point simply double click the left mouse button at the location you wish to digitize the point To digitize multiple points with the same primary and secondary feature names single click all points at the correct location and save the feature as one cartographic object by double clicking the last point To digitize a line start the line by clicking the left mouse button at the desired location then continue clicking along the desired line feature and finish digitizing the line by double clicking the left button at the last point on the line To digitize a polygon region proceed as for a line The polygon will be closed when the last point is confirmed by double clicking the left mouse button Note In order to precisely digitize points line and or polygons it is necessary to open an image and or map file as a reference background The Append option allows users to add new features to an open or existing BNA map file Only one feature type can be contained in a single BNA file therefore a file can ONLY consist of either points lines or polygons and can not contain mixed features Also only like features can be appended to an existing or open file 3 7 Batch menu Batch processing is a po
17. amga ar a comparison you must use a file list as seen on the IA e ol right This file list permits the display on the same mrha APA E al Tirah whee ctor al graph of the evolution of the values of the pixel RETA a a m a AE E A ad selected in the NDVI images for the period from April rta PAN al rr arre tra al to November 1997 and in the NDVI averages 16 E treks FAS al rte alcala al f April t N b y rada RARO Sl rn area el years rom pri o November Mn ANEP al rd O al lord VERGARA el OA nda PARO ad ir ara ad MS ra a SD al td ara ATU nds aaa rn arial To display a graph in the new window select the designated pixel on the image marking on the map that you have superimposed Afrad1 bna As you can observe in the illustration below the legend of the graph is set up from a file list PIXEL 142 132 122 112 Pixel Selected 32 135 7 9 111315171921 23 39 In this example the red line A represents the evolution April to November 1997 of the value of NDVI data for the selected pixel while the green line B represents the 16 year NDVI averages for the same pixel The command View Graph Map Data is used to display a graph showing the evolution for a series of images for values of a selected polygon in other words graphing the relative temporal data presented in a table in which the first column contains the names corresponding to the names of cartographic features of the map displayed The data originates fro
18. an image header Reproject Convert the projection of an image 2 7 7 Importing and exporting With WinDisp 4 0 you can import images maps and color tables and convert them into a format which can be used in WinDisp 4 0 e g IDA format for images BNA for maps and ASCII files for color tables You can also export images and maps in different formats Users should remember that WinDisp 4 0 operates ONLY with 8 bit images and that care must be taken when users are importing 16 bit images from other systems when using the Process Import Binary Image function When importing 16 bit images the correct slope and intercept offset values must be applied if necessary in order to scale the 16 bit file pixel values which can range from 32767 to 32767 to the 8 bit 0 to 254 range Likewise when exporting an 8 bit image to another system care must be taken to apply the correct scaling factors if necessary in order to maintain the correct values for the image These parameters slope m and intercept b can often be obtained from the WinDisp image header using the Process Header Edit function If specialized formats are being exported i e ARTEMIS type 13 the scaling factors m and b for the different type of images supported by WinDisp 4 0 are provided in section 4 1 3 of this manual 44 The following is a list of the available functions For detailed explanations of the use of these functions refer to Chapter 3 Process Import
19. are created The commands are Process SEDI Automatic A Process SEDI Automatic B Process SEDI Assisted Purpose Automatically calculate interpolated image using parameter defaults Parameters Directory for temporary files Input SURFER data file Background image Output image file Missing value in input file Remarks This function automatically calculates all three SEDI steps using defaults for most parameters The defaults are stored in a file called assist ini which is displayed after processing has completed The values in assist ini can be modified and the process repeated with these new values Process SEDI Step 1 Ratio File Purpose Calculate pixel parameter ratios 86 Parameters Input SURFER data file Output SURFER data file Background image Positive or negative relationship P N Number of pixels extracted per station 1 5 9 13 Delimiter of input SURFER data file Missing value in input file Keep missing data in output file y n Process SEDI Step 2 Grid Purpose Interpolate a Surfer grid file of ratios from the ratio file Parameters Input SURFER data file from step 1 Output SURFER grid file Background image Distance between gridlines kilometers Search radius for interpolation kilometers Number of nearest stations to use Missing value in input file Process SEDI Step 3 Image Purpose Create an image of estimated values from gridded ratios and pixel values Parameters I
20. command Sum you must supply a multiplication factor The pixels of an image resulting from this analysis will have values equal to the sum of the corresponding pixels in the images analyzed the multiplication factor will restore pixel values to the image enabling it to be compared with the images analyzed The resulting image will then be displayed using the same color table as the original images For example a Sum carried out on five images will have a multiplication factor of 0 2 The command Count produces an image in which each pixel has a value equal to the number of valid pixels situated in the same position in the images of the series For the analysis of a series of 24 images for example a pixel value of 22 signifies that 2 pixels in the series were considered invalid A pixel is valid when it is not contaminated by water clouds or the absence of data This applies to NDVI images See example below The command Stddev standard deviation is also frequently used to analyze NDVI images It produces an image representing the variation of each pixel in a series of images In the following example this analysis has been applied to a series of images representing the annual maximum vegetation in the Sahel These images have been produced using Max analysis for a series of NDVI images from the first dekad of April to the third dekad of November 1982 to 1997 excluding 1991 and 1992 because the satellite images were unusable after the eruptio
21. data projects c clr 0 0 0 0 After replacing the variables by the values attributed to them see section 2 6 4 Month by 07 and Dekad by 3 the command line becomes File Open Image c ccd_af 1997 Dc97073 af c data projects c clr 0 0 0 0 The open file can now be used to display the desired image Note that value entered by the user is 7 rather that 07 in the Month field and was modified using the if then statement example provided in section 2 6 4 below It is important to note If you include variables in a parameter during Batch Record the command is saved to the batch file Variables can be assigned values within the batch file using Batch Variables Set and with Batch For Begin If you include a variable in a batch but do not set its value you will automatically be asked for a value during execution With Batch Variable Set you can use algebraic expressions and include other variables in the expression 2 6 4 If then statements With the command Batch If an if then statement can be used in a batch file as an error check and allows the user to validate values for the variables In programming procedures the commands of an if then statement are indented to improve the readability Batch If Begin Dekad gt 1 8 Dekad lt 3 File Open Image c ccd_af 1997 Dc97 Month Dekad af c data projects c clr 0 0 0 0 Batch If Else File Open Image c ccd_af 1997 default img c data projects c clr
22. feature label followed by the values of data for each of the fields given in the first line For example the data in a table containing statistics for the provinces of a country can be displayed in the form of a map The following is a file of statistics containing five fields of data relating to the production of oil producing plants in Benin Notice the line of 9999 meaning no data for the province of Borgou Region Total Prod 000 T Prod per capita kg per Yield kg ha Cult Area Total Area pct Harvested Area ha Atakora 7 16 11 5 839 0 27 8534 WB No clouds Borgou 9999 9999 9999 9999 9999 Zou 22 79 31 18 785 1 55 29032 Mono 9 26 15 17 789 3 09 11736 Atlantique 5 03 5 54 703 2 22 7155 Oueme 9 59 11 9 728 2 8 13173 The separator used must be a comma therefore the decimal numbers must contain a point and not a comma The display is made by using the parameters Data File optional Field of data optional and Color table data optional in the File Open Map window File Open Map Map file O FTPFAO EXEMPLE benad1 BNA Map Line color Map Line style Map Fill color Map Fill style Data File optional DAFADAFTPFADAEXEMPLEABENTO5 Data field optional PROD TOTAL 000 T o y a o 2 E a o Lol y 3 3 o il Save parameters Help The map parameters displayed in the dialog window is shown on the map to the right Since the total production of oil prod
23. graphics package developed by Golden Software Inc SURFER can be used to plot contours and 3 D perspectives of images SURFER s GRID functions can produce raster image files from point data such as meteorological and agricultural monitoring stations The GRID functions also support robust mathematical operations similar to Process Images Algebra SURFER has the capability to mask out or blank all grid values inside or outside of a polygon The line segments in the blanking file can also be overlayed on SURFER contour and surface plots in much the same way as maps are overlayed on images in WinDisp This function converts bna map files into SURFER blanking files The blanking file is specific to grid files created from images with the same window and projection parameters These parameters are extracted from the reference image file header All map features to be converted should lie ENTIRELY within the boundaries of the reference image Process Export ArcView Shape Purpose Export a BNA map file to an ESRI Shape file Parameters IDA map to export ArcView Shape file Remarks The open GIS format ESRI Shape files are now fully supported for all function in WinDisp 4 0 in the same fashion as the BNA map files This function allows users to convert BNA files to the Shape file format if desired Process Reproject Purpose Convert the projection of an image Parameters Image to reproject Reference image in output projection New
24. image to create Remarks This function can be used to convert an image from one projection to another Because the projection parameters are stored in the image header a sample image header with the correct output projection is used as a reference image If you do not have an image in the correct projection one can be created with Process Images New and then the appropriate parameters entered into the header with Process Header Edit See Image headers for a list of supported projection types 3 10 Window menu Window Cascade Purpose Cascade all open windows Parameters None Remarks 94 This is a standard Windows feature that will resize all sub windows to a standard size and organize them on the main window each one below and to the right of the previous one so that the titles of all of the sub windows are visible Window Tile Horizontally Purpose Fit all open windows down the main window Parameters None Remarks This is useful for displaying a series of images or maps side by side You can either open each file in a new window tile the windows and then re draw each window or open a series of new windows tile them and then retrieve the files into the windows Window Tile Vertically Purpose Fit all open windows across the main window Parameters None Remarks This is useful for displaying a series of images or maps side by side You can either open each file in a new window tile the windows and
25. indicating the upper and lower limits of the class eg 50 to 100 or UPPER indicating the data are above the starting value for each class eg gt 50 Draw Legend Unique Values Purpose Draw a legend with one class for each actual data value Parameters Color Scheme Text Font Text Color Coordinates or use cursor Remarks This function allow users to draw a legend with one class for each actual data value This can only be used with Integer values The options available for the color scheme are listed when the corresponding command button is activated Draw Legend Percentiles Draw Legend Quartiles Purpose Draw a legend using percentile classes or with quartile 4 intervals based on the minimum and maximum data values in the map dataset unless the minimum and maximum values are otherwise specified by the user Parameters Number of classes 2 100 This option is not available in the Draw Legend Quartiles dialog box Minimum value Maximum value Color Scheme 70 Legend Range 1 Full or 2 Upper Text Font Text Color Coordinates or use cursor Remarks This function allow users to draw a legend using percentile or quartile 4 classes The number of categories must be between 2 and 100 default value 10 in the case of percentiles and automatically defaults to 4 for quartiles The user can specify maximum and minimum values which are different from the actual map dataset maximum and minimum which a
26. lower than minus 40 degrees Celsius are covered with clouds The cumulated number of hours in a 41 dekad with this low temperature is called Cold Cloud Duration CCD and is represented as an image Each pixel of the image represents one data value and can be assigned a color depending on the value The relation between rainfall and CCD is positive In other words high rainfall values generally coincide with high CCD values The SEDI process is done in three steps 1 Extracting values from the image at certain points and calculating the ratio of point and image values 2 Creating a regularly spaced grid from the ratios 3 Multiplying the values of the grid by the values of the image to obtain an image with values of interpolated rainfall Step 1 Extracting values from the image and calculating the ratio For every point in the rainfall data a value can be extracted from the CCD image The SEDI method will find the pixel that coincides with a rainfall station and extract the pixel value In some cases the value of one pixel does not give satisfactory results Therefore SEDI allows the user to extract values of more than one pixel from the image and take its average as the image value for the station The rainfall values are stored in an ASCII text file with the following format column 1 longitude of the point column 2 latitude of the point column 3 value of the parameter at this point column 4 a label identifying the point On
27. more than half of the pixels in a polygon have a value outside the valid limits 9999 will replace the extracted value from the polygon 2 7 4 Viewing graphs WinDisp 4 0 allows the graphical representation of different information for example the results of the command Process Stats described in section 2 7 3 or information relating to a displayed image The command View Graph Image Series is used to display a graph of the evolution in a series of images of the values of a designated pixel This pixel is selected with the cursor clicking on it in the reference image previously displayed To activate the command View Graph Image Series open any image it does not matter which image the aim is simply to activate the function To facilitate the selection of the pixels you want it is recommended that you superimpose a map on the displayed image Dict adidas 101 A A ibn lic al ra arca al The parameter that you must supply next is the name o E al ali ae el a ra dc el 5 eer A da aP ELH ad ud rr A al of the file list containing the names of the images with Bee trata a TARA al 3 ine al arena dr al the data you wish to graph Open a window in which per ip E a Sed a rr a tarai al the graphs can be displayed by selecting the pixel on AA the map Tiida a EDP al Td aaa al ida ae ad ony ad a ida PARA al oc efecto ad If you want to view two graphs at the same time for A afamatar al E eira ahi A AT a nd
28. start of the color table looks like this rom To Red Grn 0 0 0 1 51 0 2 102 0 3 153 0 4 204 0 5 255 0 6 0 51 7 51 8 51 9 51 51 51 lu Legend 51 102 153 10 10 204 11 11 255 B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 0 102 0 215 215 255 255 255 Process Import Erdas Trailer Purpose Convert an ERDAS 7 4 GIS trailer to a WinDisp color table Parameters ERDAS GIS trailer file to import Color table to create Remarks ERDAS stores the color scheme and histogram for GIS files in a separate file with the same name as the GIS file but with the extension TRL This function will convert the color scheme in the trailer into a WinDisp 4 0 color table The color table will contain 256 values and should only be used when displaying images on a display capable of 256 colors 89 Process Import Idrisi Image Purpose Import Idrisi image Parameters Idrisi image to import IDA image to create Remarks IDRISI is an inexpensive raster GIS developed by Ron Eastman at Clark University IDRISI performs many useful GIS functions that complement IDAs functions well such as zone generation region aggregation etc This function will only convert IDRISI 8 bit binary file formats A Platte Carre geographic projection is assumed for all images being imported If a different projection is used the image header should be modified accordingly with Process Header Edit Process Import Idrisi Vector Purpose Import Idris
29. 8417 46 2 9 Stand alone processing A separate utility WP4DOS EXE is included which permits executing all the functions from DOS commands This allows users to create batch treatment for images under DOS or Windows without having to call WinDisp 4 0 The parameters of this program are exactly the same as if they were situated in the batch and are written in quotation marks and separated by commas after the name of the function followed by a comma wp4dos lt Function gt lt Parameters gt Limitations DOS has a limitation of 128 characters on the command line Therefore the entire command line for WP4DOS must not exceed this limitation Command files Multiple functions can be executed within a single WP4DOS session by putting them on successive lines in an ASCII command file and calling that file as follows WP4DOS lt command file gt Abbreviations Process Series Avg can be written P S A to save space 2 10 Programming with DLL All the functions for treating images are located in a single file DLL WP4 DLL Experienced programmers can write their own Windows programs to process images by calling the functions from DLL The subroutines and statement types are available in DLL and are presented as written in Visual Basic DLL Calls Subroutines which must be called before calling any other subroutine Declare Sub ProcessRunAwaySetup Lib wp4 dll ByVal pichWnd As Integer ByVal btnHwnd As Integer Subroutine used to
30. Close function in the windows control box in the upper left corner of the window File Save Project Purpose Save the current project window to a project file Parameters Filename to save to Remarks This is used to save all of the feature layers in a new or edited project See Projects for a description of how to create and edit projects File Save Bitmap Purpose Save the current graphic window to a bmp file Parameters Filename to save to JPEG Compression 2 255 Remarks This is used to save a project image map bitmap or graphics window to a file in a variety of formats including BMP EPS JPG PCX RAS TGA TIF WMF WPG Currently GIF format bitmaps are not supported because we do not have a license from Unisys If the window is saved in JPG format a compression factor from 2 to 255 should be specified with 2 meaning no compression and 255 meaning maximum compression File Save Text Purpose Save the current text window to an ASCII text file Parameters Filename to save to Remarks Be sure to save a text file after you have edited it 60 File Print Current Window Purpose Print the current text or graphic window Parameters Print width inches Remarks Prints the contents of the active window to the default printer The image is automatically centered on the page with left right and top bottom margins being equal The height of the image is automatically derived from the width param
31. ES GCP INT 619 EC Technical Report WINDISP 4 0 Multilingual Version Map and Image Display and Analysis Software Developed by Eric Pfirman Justin Hogue and Linda See SEDI routines developed by Peter Hoefsloot for the FAO Global Information and Early Warning System USER S MANUAL Developed by Isabelle Charlier English version adapted by J Lewis for the FAO Global Information and Early Warning System FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROME 1999 WinDisp has been developed in co operation with The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO USAID Taz The US Agency for International Development USAID 4 The Southern African Development Community SADC The USDA Forest Service USFS This manual was prepared by the Global Information and Early Warning System of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization with funding from the EC through Trust Fund Project GCP INT 619 EC System Definition and Development of a Computer Workstation for GIEWS The US Geological Survey USGS The French version of WinDisp was funded by the Coop ration Fran aise Notice 1 No liability can be accepted by the FAO GIEWS or supporting institutions for any impacts resulting from the application of methods in this manual The WinDisp software is in the public domain and FAO nor any other of the participating Organizations above takes any responsibility for impacts resulting f
32. Images Compress Purpose Compress images to reduce overall size Parameters Image to compress Image to create Compression factor Remarks This technique uses a simplified nearest neighbor resampling technique to reduce the overall size of an image Compression factors must be POSITIVE INTEGER values Basically the output image will retain every second or third fourth etc pixel and line from the input image Process Images Window Purpose Extract a window out of an image Parameters Image to window Image to create X1 of window default 0 Y1 of window default 0 X2 of window default 0 Y2 of window default 0 eS FT Fa Fas Remarks This function is used to extract a portion of a larger image For example a window of data covering just Burkina Faso can be extracted from an image covering all of Africa This reduces the amount of data stored on an analyst s computer Process Images Filter Purpose Max Min or average spatial filter for smoothing Parameters Image to filter Image to create Filter width 1 3 5 7 9 Max 1 Min 2 Avg 3 Median 4 Remarks Satellite images are inherently noisy or busy A smooth image may be simpler to understand and explain Images may be smoothed before being printed A noisy image may be smoothed before a raster to vector conversion The filter implemented here is a simple averaging filter For each pixel in the output image the average of the corresponding
33. R aa AA ARERIA Anaa AATRE RSA REER AAE 72 Draw Map Lecce ARE OREA REER AS 72 Draw Map REON srine eere EnA Aa ARA RER alada 72 LB MEND aea EE AN E AAS N 73 Batch ROCI Aea E TA AR AA 73 BatchPlaye a e a EE NNA 74 Batch Debug icine nr aE ANN 74 Bac no Dl 74 Batido e il 74 Batch yaralgan a o aces he oa does het ashe ted a beatae 74 Batch o Old 75 Batir o Jabali 75 BatchtLabal a a iaa 75 Batch Pause te tel a kd oes aM te ets AN 75 Batch Buia St o eet aur ee Ueda uel eects 75 3 8 Options MENU ssivcts5 ssc eeeiee chee ea eae aiie aa 76 Options Displaya oitiocina la 76 Options Project ici ii ibit 76 Options Edit Golor Table isss nenien eini a li te 77 Options Edit Legend File ciomonionntaniad a ai a e a a aadi akit 78 Options Define Window SiZB oooooconnnnninnccnnnccnnoconnnccnnnncc cnn conan cnn 79 Options COMMUNICATIONS oooncccnncconnccnnncccnoncnon oran a aii eai ai n 79 3 9 Process MENU iii elas A ANE E aise E EENE 79 Process Series it A AI A idee 79 Process Images Algebra crveno id da 80 Process Images COMPSESS cccocccconcccnoncccnoccnononcnn arc nn 81 Process Images WINGEN aos tia ld dda ile 81 Process Images Filter cecansenuiinri dnan eel del ee A AI ees 81 Process Images Difference oooooocconnccccononoccnonoccccnonanccnnnnn nc 82 Process Images New 202 ss ccccr edi eel ead di 82 Process Images Paste cuicos 82 Process Images Map cuina di 83 Process Images MOSAIC oratoria 83 A a Ate Gitte ie Ate er ds aie i Gel
34. Technical report 4 1 3 Characteristics of the different type of images supported by WinDisp 4 0 T Bitsperpxet lower Upper missing m gt decimals GENERIC oe 265 _ o0 L io 4 NDVI 255 0 1 256 82 256 AFEWS o IEA IE E 1 256 82 256 NEWNASA o 250 254 075250 0o 2 NDVI_DIFF 2 5 o 1128 __ 3 __ EROS_DIFF 2 1 5 128 50 CUTOFF_DIFF aia 128 2 100 RECODE DIFF o 23 254 8 128 2 ANDO DFE f 0o 3 254 enoo 1eBe tooo 3 AFEWS_DIFF 253 254 1 128 1 NEWNASA DEE J o 280 aba oenas oen caLcuLAaTED ee le Pe ee AA RA DEFAULT amp 8 amp o 25 o 1 o J o user defined 4 2 Color tables A colour table contains six tab delimited fields The first line describes the fields Here is an example From To Red Green Blue Legend 0 5 255 255 255 Clouds 6 92 255 226 201 Bare Soil 93 110 255 211 150 111 118 255 255 176 119 127 211 255 125 Sparse Veg 128 137 201 255 201 138 147 176 230 176 148 158 140 211 140 Light Veg 159 168 100 176 100 169 181 75 150 75 Medium Veg 182 195 50 125 50 196 210 25 100 25 211 254 0 75 0 Heavy Veg 255 255 128 128 128 Water FROM and TO are the range of image values to be assigned to a color or data ranges for a map For an image these values must be in the range of 0 255 and correspond to the actual digital counts not the derived values such as NDVI The values should not overlap between co
35. View Zont Fre VOUS a AAA 64 View Zoom Images T a S S e EA E ee a 64 View Zoomi ESAS AAA A aa 64 View Zoor Lali A nd 64 View Pan UD a 65 View PAN DIN A A A A E AN da 65 View Pan bettas icra ea a ares anteater Stam ea ee 65 View Pan Right a 5ntiiead A eat rae 65 View Graph Mage Series id a Acad 65 View Graph Map Dalarnas Ane nae iil 65 View Graph Histogram cccccceccceeeeeeeneeceeeeeceaeeeeaaeeeeeeeceaeeeeaaeedeaeeseeeeceaeeeeaaeeeeeeeseaeeesaeeseeeseeeeess 66 MEW Wisin ida eee 66 30D W MENU iniata rA EA AEA iiroi 67 Draw Poltica aii 67 Draw LEVIN Geer 5c es gee Nene cee nek sce Se ew bee oe ta aces Dae eae Pas ae A cew pas pane Medd at ete teeta 67 Draw REGION lso ltda bad italia joel jaca 67 DraW BOX A E uae Tee Pey teeters 68 Draw LOX be irea t tinned e Aae tate tec veta dena beter ios 68 LS AWAPIM A E tido ios 68 Draw Labels cion caida alta a a 69 Draw Legend From Existing File oooooonnnccnnonciccnnnnccccnnnoccccnn narra norc cnn rrcnnnrrrrrrrrrr 69 Draw Legend Equal Intervals oooononcccnnnnnccnnnnococcnnnoccccnnnorcccnn noc cnn noc cnn rre 69 Draw Legend Unique Valssi sesira na ena a NE nr 70 Draw Legend Percentiles Draw Legend QuartileS ooonnocinnnnnnnnnninccnnnncnnoccnnnccncarccnnnrnnn arrancan 70 Draw Legend Logarithmic oooonoccccnnnocicinonoccccnnnonccnnn ES ARANY KAA RATANA rr rr 71 Draw Golorbatt il dla aiii 71 Draw Btn ap iaa ADA 72 Draw Map Point arire eaae Ana ARARA TAA A a aee aE Ran EA
36. a new color table specify the number of lines Open an existing color table specify the name of the file Save the color table under the same name Save the color table under a new name Exit the editor and return to the main window Insert one or more lines under the line selected Add lines to the end of the table Remove one or more selected lines Define the exact number of lines to create Delete the values of the selected lines Create classes with equal intervals based on the max min values of the image Create classes each containing the same number of values Create a line for each unique image value Create classes with equal intervals based on max min values Create classes for each unique value Create classes in percentiles intervals based on max min values Create quartile classes 4 based on max min values Create logarithmic based classes using max min values Create classes with equal intervals based on predefined max min values Create a line for each unique value Delete all the values of classes and replace them with 0 Create a gradual shading of colors going from black to white on all or on a selection of lines Create a gradual shading of colors going from white to black on all or on a selection of lines Create a gradation of colors going from red to green on all or on a selection of lines Create a gradation of colors going from red to blue on all or ona selection of lines Create a gradation of colors going from
37. agdat ben ben Agriculture dat Information Cultivated areas File Retrieve Map c data maps ben ben Agriculture_Zone 1 bna 12 7 Principal crop File Retrieve Map c data maps ben ben Crop p1 bna 0 7 c data projects calendar dat Month O Variables Agriculture Millet 011 Corn 012 26 Information Total production 000 T Total Prod 000 T Production per capita kg Prod per capita kg per Yield kg ha Yield kg ha Cult Area Total Area pct Cult Area Total Area pct Harvested area ha Harvested Area ha Agricultural_Zone Princ zones for manioc cass Princ zones for corn maiz Crop Princ Crop corn maiz Princ Crop sorghum sor Type Vegetation index ndvi v v Cold clouds ccd c c Year Average Av 1996 1996 96 1995 1995 95 Month January 01 February 02 Settings Window1 Monthly O Month Janvier 01 National borders N Provinces O Roads N Cities O Data AGDAT O Crop Corn 012 Field Harvest kg ha Harvest kg ha Agricultural areas N Principal crop O Main_Planting Princ Crop sorghum sor Title N The Parameters section is the body of the project and is always required The Variables section is required when a minimum of one variable is present in the Parameters section and the Settings section is optional 27 2 6 Batch Batch processing is an effective way to automate repetitive tasks All of the main display and processing functions can be
38. al The title uses the text and font color specified by the user 22 G Data Min Max optional These parameters allow users to specify the lower and upper data values to be mapped and are optional If no option is selected and the line is left blank WinDisp 4 0 will use as default the actual dataset minimum and maximum H Text Color and Font optional These parameters allow users to specify the text color and font to be used in the legend and are optional A legend file created using the parameters used When used the legend which will appear will in the example above would be saved in a file look as follows as follows E oto742 E 1484 Type 1 Equal Intervals m 2226 NrOfCategories 10 S 7 a ColorScheme 5 Red and Blue m lt 4452 LegRange 2 UPPER PEE LegTitle Example E lt 6673 o P E lt 7420 DataMax Font 8 NoStrikeThru NoUnderline Noltalic NoBold TextColor 0 Compared to color tables legend files provide greater flexibility for creating legends as they allow users to define the legend parameters which are then applied based on the values in each map data file to for an entire dataset rather than having to create an individual color table for each map data file i e the parameters used for mapping population data when saved in a legend file can be applied to multiple map data files Legend files can be used effectively in project files to ensure the appropriate mapping and legend definitions are automatically applied ea
39. al 6 bits 133 138 x_center real 6 bits 139 144 y_centre real 6 bits 145 150 dx real 6 bits 151 156 dy real 6 bits 157 162 parallel 1 real 6 bits 163 168 parallel 2 real 6 bits 169 lower limit character 170 upper limit character 171 missing value character 172 177 slope m real 6 bits 178 183 intercept b real 6 bits 184 decimals character 185 512 reserved The image values themselves are stored as bytes in the rest of the image file The first byte of this block offset 513 is the top left most pixel of the image followed by the rest of the first line Line for line is then specified The last byte represents the pixel value for the bottom right most pixel in the image The following is the TURBO PASCAL record type description for the image header record type header_type record reserved array 1 22 of byte image_type byte projection byte reserved array 25 30 of byte height integer width integer reserveds array 35 38 of byte 97 title array 1 80 of char reserved4 array 119 120 of byte lat_center real long_center real x_center real y_center real dx real dy real parallel1 real parallel2 real lower byte upper byte missing byte m real b real decimals byte reserveab array 185 512 of byte end 4 1 2 Description of the image header items height width These values define the number of pixels across and down the ima
40. also be used by the file that runs it and by all the files the batch calls A batch can call itself but there is a risk of getting into an infinite loop The jumps are not global and cannot be used from one batch to another 2 6 8 Operators used in batch language Parentheses must delimit each expression Equal to gt Greater than or equal to lt Less than or equal to gt Greater than lt Less than lt gt Not equal to amp And Or 31 2 7 Analysis For all image analysis executed by WinDisp 4 0 you must supply maximum and minimum pixel values By default the threshold values are 0 0 that is they adapt automatically to the maximum and minimum values of the image All pixel counts are included in the processing To change the thresholds use the command Process Thresholds For details concerning this command see Chapter 3 2 7 1 File lists Several functions of WinDisp 4 0 use a list of one or more files for entry Use of a file list avoids manual entry of names of files An ASCII file with values delimited by commas contains a list of file names with one name per line with headings for rows and columns Here is an example of a file list used to graph pixel values in a series of images NDVI 1996 Average Jan c img dv9601 img c img dvm01 img Feb c img dv9602 img c img dvm02 img Mar c img dv9603 img c img dvm03 img The functions using a file list are the f
41. aph time series for selected pixels Parameters List of image names New In WinDisp 4 0 the graphs produced using this function can be saved as bitmaps using the File Save Bitmap function Each image and or map window can have an associated graph window and graphs can be annotated using the Draw menu functions Remarks This function is used to display a graph of pixel values for a selected pixel in a series of images The pixel to be graphed is selected with the cursor by clicking on the pixel in a previously displayed reference image The graph is displayed in the lower right corner of the main window at the default window size set by Options Define Window Size but can be moved resized or even tiled with Window Tile Vertically or Window Tile Horizontally The y axis range is determined by the cumulative range of values for the selected pixels and grows as that range of values grows The series of images are extracted from a file name list file Multiple curves can be displayed by creating several columns of image names in the list file up to 15 columns This can be used to compare the current year to previous years or a series of average images The row names in the first column of the list file are used as x axis labels If a given image does not exist that value for that image is skipped over Therefore it is okay to create a complete list of image names even before all of the images exist therefore eliminating the need to re c
42. aps cceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeseaeeeseaeeeeeeesaees 15 2 4 3 Changing the presentation ccccccceeccecseeceeeeeceeeeecaeceeeaeseaeeseeeeceaeessaaeseeeeeseaeeesaeeseeeseeeeess 16 2 4 4 Displaying Cartographic data se ussar aeea a KESE ERRE cnn c nano nn nr REE ESA 17 2 4 5 Creating a legend using color tableS ooonnnnninncnnnnccinnnnnnncccnnncccnnnccnn rra nana cc 19 2 4 6 Creating a legend using legend files cccceceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceaeeeeaaeeeeaeeseeeeeseaeeesaeeeeneeesaees 21 DO OO a TEA e T A A R 24 2 Hah GreatinG a Project ae a aa a a suas a aaa a A a sates Sak 24 2 522 USING variables iio a Cave o Ad teed dee EER 24 2 5 3 Displaying a projet remia dd cial 25 2 5 4 Editing a projte a el eee 25 2 5 5 SAVING a prole diiniita ld 25 2 5 0 Sample project nrin iea e enen Ab tied 26 2 5 7 Sample project file eee ceceeesseceeeeceneeeeeaeeeeeeeceeeeceaeseeaaaseaeeseaeeeeeaeeeeaaesgeneeseaeeesaesseaeeeseeeess 26 2 6 BAICH neim rea rA teachin a A EEEE ENEE deste beadaiedd esta EENE AREE PA ATEEN EAN EER 28 2 6 1 Creating and using batch fileS oooooocnnnnininncninccnnncnnononnccnnanccnnnrnn narran cnc narran 28 2 6 2 Batch file format amic al ia a 28 2 6 3 Using variables ci A LOA eed 29 2 0 4 lf then statements ici e elie nied 29 2 6 5 FORNTOXT OOPS cc A eee 30 2 6 6 Goto Label JUMPS iii eet ected vd Mel aaa at ied eet 30 2 6 7 Batch files calling batch files oe eee eeneeeee ence ee eet ae
43. as extensive batch processing capabilities which can be utilised to automate routine and tedious tasks and permits users to develop custom applications and procedures WinDisp was developed by Eric Pfirman Justin Hogue and Linda See the first two having also developed IDA The satellite enhanced data interpolation SEDI routines included in WinDisp 4 0 were developed by Peter Hoefsloot This documentation was prepared by Eric Pfirman and Isabelle Charlier with translations by Isabelle Charlier Linda See John Lewis and Andr s Ravelo 1 2 History of WinDisp WinDisp has its origins with the Global Information and Early Warning System GIEWS of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations The GIEWS monitors the global food supply and demand and provides timely warnings about both food shortages and surpluses for individual countries The GIEWS required an integrated information system to keep up with the ever increasing flow of data as well as to enable GIEWS staff to distil large inputs of a variety of data into useable and manageable information In response to this need the GIEWS with funding and support from the European Commission developed an integrated information system now known as the GIEWS Workstation WinDisp was developed as the map and image display module of the GIEWS Workstation permitting GIEWS analysts to analyse integrate and overlay digital map and satellite data in common windows on their desktop PCs
44. ased map and image display and analysis software WinDisp Version 4 0 WinDisp is a public domain easy to use software package for the display and analysis of satellite images maps and associated databases with an emphasis on early warning for food security WinDisp was originally developed for the FAO Global Information and Early Warning System with funding from the European Commission The system following several enhancements has become the Windows based successor to the DOS based Image Display and Analysis IDA software system which was also developed in support of early warning analysis 1 1 General description of WinDisp 4 0 WinDisp Version 4 0 is multilingual with all menus on line help and reference documents available in English French and Spanish WinDisp 4 0 offers varying degrees of automation and ease of use The software allows users to compare multiple images extract and graph trends from a number of satellite images such as during the growing season for comparison with other years compute new images from a series of images build custom products combining images maps and specialised legends digitise new maps on screen and to display tabular data in map format WinDisp 4 0 supports project files which can be developed for specific countries and regions These allow users to point and click from various data themes to build composite maps and to do some basic early warning analysis in a series of display windows WinDisp 4 0 h
45. ation method have been published in many different places A comparable method called co kriging has been applied in many geological studies concerning groundwater SEDI is an easily used method for assisted interpolation It can be applied to any parameter for which values are available for a certain number of geographic stations as long as there is a background which must have a negative or positive relation with the parameter to interpolate Three elements are required to insure complete success with the SEDI method The availability of the parameter to interpolate in the form of associated data at some geo referenced locations The availability of a background parameter in the form of a regular grid for the same geographical area for example a digital image of CCD NDVI altitude A relation between the two parameters negative or positive rainfall CCD is positive PET altitude is negative A Spearman rank correlation test can reveal whether a relation exists and how strong this relation is The SEDI method produces in the form of a field the parameter to interpolate The calculation can be influenced by setting a number of input parameters An example using rainfall and CCD Rainfall data are gathered on a dekad 10 day basis in many countries of the world The geostationary METEOSAT satellite produces infrared temperature images of the earth every half hour In tropical regions it can be assumed that areas with temperatures
46. bove the selected row s Append Append rows to the end of the color table Remove Remove one or more selected rows Define Define exactly how many rows to create Clear Clear out all values in the selected rows Ranges Images Create equal ranges based on image max min Create ranges on equalized image histogram bins Create row for each unique image value Create equal ranges based on data max min Create row for each unique data value Create a legend using 5 10 or 20 percentile classes based on max min Create a legend with quartile 4 intervals based max min Create a legend with logarithmic intervals based on max min Create equal ranges based on user defined max min 77 Unique Values Create unique values based on user defined max min Clear Clear values for all ranges and set to 0 Colors Black to White Create a gradual shading of colors going from black to white on all or on a selection of lines White to Black Create a gradual shading of colors going from white to black on all or on a selection of lines Red to Green Create a gradation of colors going from red to green on all or on a selection of lines Red to Blue Create a gradation of colors going from red to blue on all or ona selection of lines Red and Blue Create a gradation of colors going from gradations of red to gradations of blue on all or on a selection of lines Bright Red and Blue Create a gradation of colors going from gradations of bright red through gradations
47. cade Tile Horizontally Tile Vertically Arrange Icons Select Define Help menu Contents F1 About Satellite Enhanced Data Interpolation routines Automatically create interpolated image Automatically create interpolated image using default parameters Calculate pixel parameter ratios Interpolate a Surfer grid file of ratios from the ratio file Create an image of estimated values from gridded ratios and pixel values Import image maps and color tables Convert IDA lookup table to WinDisp color table Import ASCII text file as an image Import raw binary 8 bit image Import Erdas 7 4 LAN or GIS image Convert an ERDAS 7 4 GIS trailer to a WinDisp color table Import Idrisi image Import Idrisi vector map file Import Surfer raster grid Import Surfer plot file as BNA map file Import ESRI ArcView Shape file as a BNA map file Export images and maps Export image to ASCII text file Export image to raw binary 8 bit image Export image to Erdas 7 4 LAN or GIS Export image to Idrisi format Export BNA map to Idrisi vector map file Export image to Surfer raster grid Export BNA map file to a Surfer blanking file Export BNA map file to an ESRI Shape file Convert the projection of an image Cascade all open windows Fit all open windows down the main window Fit all open windows across the main window Arrange all icons across the bottom of the main window Select a window to make the active window Open and tile multiple
48. call any other processing function except function headers described below Declare Sub ProcessFunction Lib wp4 dll By Val OptionFunction By Val OptionParameters OptionFunction and OptionParameters are processing functions and their associated parameters which appear exactly as they appear in a batch file The following statement in Visual Basic is for a header image Type Header Type Title As String ImageType As Integer Projection As Integer Height As Integer Width As Integer LatCenter As Double LongCenter As Double XCenter As Double YCenter As Double DX As Double DY As Double Parallel As Double Parallel2 As Double Lower As Integer Upper As Integer Missing As Integer Slope As Double Intercept As Double Decimals As Integer End Type Statements allowing manipulation of Header Images Declare Function ProcessHeaderLoad Lib wp4 dll s As HeaderType By Val FileName As String As Integer Declare Sub ProcessHeaderSave Lib wp4 dll s As HeaderType ByVal FileName As String 47 3 Command reference for WinDisp 4 0 This chapter contains detailed information on the functions and commands available in WinDisp 4 0 including its purpose and use the parameters required and a description of the output The chapter is based on the WinDisp help file created by Eric Pfirman The commands are listed in this chapter in the same order they appear in WinDisp 4 0 3 1 Main menu File Edit View Draw Batch Options Proc
49. can be used to print all windows to the printer 3 11 Help menu Help Contents F1 Purpose Open this help file Parameters None Remarks To get help on a particular menu function click on the Help button in the Options Dialog Box for that function or press F1 Help About Purpose Display version information etc Parameters None 96 4 File formats 4 1 Image files WinDisp 4 0 uses images in the IDA Image Display and Analysis format The IDA image file consists of a 512 byte image header followed by unblocked raw binary image data 1 byte per pixel beginning at the top left of the image and processing row by row This means that the size of an IDA image in bytes can be expressed as 512 lines pixels An image that is 150 lines high and 234 pixels wide will have an image size of 35612 bytes This provides an excellent check whenever images seem to be distorted Some caution however is justified A number of systems that generate IDA images leave some extra bytes at the end of an image They do not influence the image display but the image size does not adhere to the above mentioned formula 4 1 1 Image header format BYTE CONTENTS DATA TYPE 1 22 reserved 23 image type character 24 projection character 25 30 reserved 31 32 height integer 2 bits 33 34 width integer 2 bits 35 38 reserved 39 118 title 80 characters 119 120 reserved 121 126 lat_center real 6 bits 127 132 long_center re
50. can be used to plot contours and 3 D perspectives of images SURFER s GRID functions can produce raster image files from point data such as meteorological and agricultural monitoring stations The GRID functions also support robust mathematical operations similar to Process Images Algebra SURFER can create HPGL plot files of its contours These contours can be converted into bna map files and overlayed on images as such A rough raster to vector conversion can be performed by converting an IDA image to a SURFER grid file contouring it plotting it and converting the plot file into a map file To convert the plot file from plotter inches back into lat long coordinates this function needs to use the header parameters from the IDA image that had been converted to the SURFER grid file that was used to plot the contours If the contours were not created from a converted image a dummy image with a PLATTE CARRE projection should be used This is in fact a very hokey function that should be used very carefully ERDAS IDRISI and ARC INFO all provide much better raster vector conversions Process Import ArcView Shape Purpose Import an ESRI ArcView Shape to BNA format Parameters ArcView Shape file BNA map to create Remarks The open GIS format ESRI Shape files are now fully supported for all function in WinDisp 4 0 in the same fashion as the BNA map files This function allows users to convert Shape files to BNA format if desired P
51. ch map data type An example of the use of a legend file in a project file is a follows Crop Data File Retrieve Map c data maps benad1 bna 0 1 c data agdat ben Crop dat Info c data crop gd which will apply the parameters found in the legend file c data crop lgd rather than using a color table Legend files can also be used directly from the menu commands File Open Map File Retrieve Map and Draw Legend in place of color tables 23 2 5 Projects A project is a collectiion of satellite images maps etc and the parameters used to display them It allows you to assemble under the same menu various information about a given subject x Image Dekad Diff Image Dekad Image Month Diff Image Month Geographic Data The parameters used to display this information are organized into an ASCII text file and accessed through a dialog box located on the left side of the main window You can see in the example at the left the various kinds of information that can be included in a project images maps and statistics From the project dialog box you can check off the layers that you wish to see and display them in the active window or in a new window In this example the user chose to display a dekad ten day satellite image using predefined variables described in a later section and superimpose national boundaries and the rivers of the country The result obtained by clicking on the Display button is shown below Eleva
52. color Line style Fill color Fill style Remarks Use File Open ArcView Shape to display a shape map in a new window Use File Retrieve ArcView Shape to either retrieve a shape map into the currently active window if it is empty or to overlay a shape map on top of an image bitmap or map in the currently active window if the shape map is in a lat long projection ESRI has published a open format description for map features called Shapes that are often used with ArcView Arcinfo coverages can be converted to Shape files with ArcView Utilities are available to convert shape files to from MapInfo MIF files WinDisp 4 0 can display Shape points multi points lines and polygons File New Project Purpose Open up a new empty project window Parameters None Remarks This is the first step in creating a project See Projects for more information on creating projects File New Bitmap Purpose Open up a new empty graphic window Parameters None Remarks A new graphic window can be used for displaying bitmaps images maps and any of the Draw features File New Text Purpose Open up a new empty text window Parameters None 59 Remarks This is most often used for creating new text files such as color tables File Close File Close All Purpose Close the current window or all open windows Parameters None Remarks This can be used to close the active window The window can also be closed with the
53. ctor Purpose Export bna map to Idrisi vector map file Parameters IDA map to export Idrisi vector file to create Remarks IDRISI is an inexpensive raster GIS developed by Ron Eastman at Clark University IDRISI performs many useful GIS functions that complement IDAs functions well such as zone generation region aggregation etc Process Export Surfer Grid Purpose Export image to Surfer raster grid Parameters IDA image to export Surfer grid to create Remarks SURFER is a 3 D graphics package developed by Golden Software Inc SURFER can be used to plot contours and 3 D perspectives of images SURFER s GRID functions can produce raster image files from point data such as meteorological and agricultural monitoring stations The GRID functions also support robust mathematical operations similar to Process Images Algebra This function converts IDA images into binary Surfer grid files If the IDA image type is generic the z values in the grid will be in the range of 0 255 For other image types the z value will be a function of that image type If the IDA projection type is Platte Carre geographic then the projection information will be transferred to the grid file Otherwise the projection information is ignored Process Export Surfer Blank Purpose Export bna map file to a Surfer blanking file Parameters IDA map to export Surfer blanking file to create IDA Image to be blanked 93 Remarks SURFER is a 3 D
54. d None Batch Label Purpose Set up a goto jump and a label to go to in a batch file Parameters Batch Label Goto Goto which label Batch Label Define Batch label name Batch Pause Purpose Temporarily halt execution of the batch file Parameters None Remarks This command is used to let the user control the execution of the batch file A message box will pop up telling the user that the batch file has been paused Execution will continue after the OK button is pressed Batch Build List Purpose Build an image list for processing functions 75 Parameters File to save list in List of files Remarks Many processing functions require the use of image lists for processing These lists are saved in a list file This Batch Build List utility can be used to easily create such a list file from within a batch file The first parameter is the name of the list file to save the filenames in and will be used for processing The second parameter is a list of comma separated filenames to be included in the list along with column and row headings Sample filename list NDVI 1996 Mean Jan dv9601 img Feb dv9602 img 3 8 Options menu Options Display Purpose To set various display related options Parameters Show image and map legends If yes legends will be displayed to the right of the images and or maps Show button bar Show or hide the button bar at the top of the main window Show status bar Show or h
55. d executes the loops diminishing the value of the variable WinDisp 4 0 can execute loops placed within loops as well as within if then statements For example Batch For Begin LoopOut 1 5 1 Batch For Begin Looplin 1 10 1 Batch For End Batch For End In this example Loopin is included in LoopOut As in the previous examples indenting these commands improve the legibility 2 6 6 Goto Label jumps In certain cases you will want to go from one location to another within a batch A simple example would be if you ask the user if he wants to repeat the batch and display another image The batch would resemble the following Batch Goto Name Loop_Begin Batch Variable Set Repeat to display another image y n n Batch If Begin Repeat y Batch Label Goto Loop Begin Batch If End 30 2 6 7 Batch files calling batch files WinDisp 4 0 is capable of calling up one batch from another Simply save a Batch Play command within a batch and this batch will execute the other For example the following batch executes Mybatch cmd then requires the user to rerun the batch a second time Batch Label Define Call_Start Batch Play mybatch cmo Batch Variable Prompt Userlnput Run mybatch again n Batch If Begin Userlnput y Batch Label Goto Call_Start Batch If End It is important to note All the variables in a batch are global which means that all the variables created and used in a batch can
56. delimited ASCII table Remarks Simple ASCII comma delimited tabular data files can be displayed in a gridded window with this function The first row should contain comma quote delimited field names and the first item in each successive row should contain a quote delimited row name This function is useful for viewing image statistics files created with Process Stats or any other data file that is quote comma delimited in ASCII format If the row names correspond to map features then the values can be graphed with View Graph MapData and individual values can be overlayed on a map or image with Draw Labels The following is a sample data file NDVI JAN FEB MAR GABON 0 42 0 43 0 46 UGANDA 0 27 0 23 0 29 CONGO 0 35 0 38 0 42 File Open Film Purpose Display a series of images in rapid succession Parameters File list of bitmap names Remarks See File name list files for information on how to create a file name list file Film loops are a powerful way to view change over time To create a film loop first display the images that you want to view and create a series of bitmaps which can be done using File Save Bitmap Next create a list of the bitmap file names and then display the loop with this function A variety of commands are available to control the display of the film loops All film commands will be listed on the status bar when filming begins Filming has two modes of operation Automatic Mode Fil
57. e having a value equal to each of the 256 possible pixel values The following graphs are obtained by this command for the satellite image of Africa for CCD for the third dekad of July 1997 and for the difference image between the first image and the one for the third dekad of November 1997 40 DC37073 DC97073 700000 400000 600000 500000 300000 400000 200000 300000 200000 100000 100000 0 0 01329 45 62 79 96 116139161 184 207 230 252 01329 45 62 79 96 116139161 184 207 230 252 In these graphs one can note that the images contain about 750 000 pixels in the first graph these are divided mostly between very dry areas pixel value 0 and ocean pixel value 250 In the difference image the pixel values are mostly in the center of the color values 128 indicating that for the majority of the pixels the two images used to calculate the difference image are similar 2 7 5 Process SEDI The objective of this command is to run Satellite Enhanced Data Interpolation SEDI routines The SEDI interpolation method was developed for the Regional Remote Sensing Project based at Harare Zimbabwe This routine interpolates rainfall data measured at ground level stations with CCD images received from the FAO Artemis Project The method has also been applied to other parameters such as potential evapotranspiration PET and altitude and agricultural yields and NDVI Despite certain deviations from the basic idea the concepts of this interpol
58. e that is typically associated with LAN images If this file does not exist then the scaling is 1 1 When displaying multi band LAN images one band is assigned to each of the red green and blue colors The image values for each band are stretched from the mean 2 standard deviations to the range of 0 to 5 for the color assigned to that band The result values are added together to create a final result between O and 215 according to the formula red green 6 blue 36 These values are 57 displayed in color with 6 intensities per color for a total of 6 6 6 26 possible colors This technique is based on a similar algorithm implemented by the Idrisi system The image X1 Y1 X2 and Y2 can be used to display a window within the image The zoom and pan functions will work with these images The cursor will return screen and image coordinates If projection information is present in the image header then the cursor will return geographic coordinates and maps can be overlayed on top of the image See Process Import Erdas Image and Process Export Erdas Image for more information on importing and exporting ERDAS images File Open Arcinfo Gen File Retrieve Arcinfo Gen Purpose Display an ArcInfo GEN arc or point map in a new window retrieve a GEN map into the currently active window or overlay a GEN map on top of an image bitmap or map in the currently active window Parameters Arclnfo Gen file Line color Line style Remarks Use Fil
59. e Early Warning System FEWS Project the Southern African Development Community SADC Regional Remote Sensing Project RRSP the USDA Forest Service USFS Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory and the US Geological Survey USGS EROS Data Center The new product entitled WinDisp 3 0 offered all the features and ease of use of the previous WinDisp 2 0 full IDA functionality several new display and data exploration features and a powerful batch language giving Version 3 0 production capabilities The contribution to the further development of WinDisp by these agencies proved beneficial to all involved The software was enhanced to meet analytical needs of several agencies and early warning systems saving them from having to develop similar software at much higher cost In addition to further improving the analytical capabilities of the system the adoption of WinDisp 3 0 for map and image analysis by the early warning community has allowed the exchange of information between the users to be transparent Following the release of WinDisp 3 0 FAO further enhanced the capabilities of WinDisp which resulting in the current Version 3 5 The European Commission was the primary source of funds for the further development of the GIEWS Workstation and WinDisp 4 0 In addition the FAO Africa Real Time Environmental Monitoring Information System ARTEMIS and a Coop ration Francaise funded activity at the GIEWS helped fund additional enhancements to Version
60. e Open Arcinfo Gen to display a GEN map in a new window Use File Retrieve ArcInfo Gen to either retrieve a GEN map into the currently active window or to overlay a GEN map on top of an image bitmap or map in the currently active window ESRI has developed a simple ASCII file format for arcs and points that can be generated to create Arcinfo coverages These files can be created with ArcInfo by ungenerating coverages WinDisp 4 0 can display these maps in a new window or can overlay the maps on top of images or other maps with To overlay Shapes on WinDisp 4 0 images the coordinates should be in the long lat projection Note that the GEN format does not support polygons Furthermore WinDisp 4 0 does not support the display of GEN grids or annotation The format for arcs is 101 2 3 4 3 4 6 END 102 21 3 2 END END where 101 and 102 are IDS The comma separated values are x and y coordinates Each arc must end with END and the entire file must end with an additional END The format for points is 301 2 4 302 5 6 303 1 1 END where the first value on each line is an id and the second and third are x and y values respectively The file must end with END 58 File Open ArcView Shape File Retrieve ArcView Shape Purpose Display an ArcView SHP map in a new window retrieve an ArcView SHP map into the currently active window or overlay an ArcView SHP map on top of an image bitmap or map Parameters ArcView Shape file Line
61. e can use either spaces or commas as separators between the columns In this example the values are separated by commas Sample from a rainfall data file 31 32 17 78 31 1 Arcturus 30 40 17 32 108 0 Banket 30 85 18 27 78 4 Beatrice 30 00 22 22 5 4 Beitbridge 27 33 17 62 20 1 Binga 31 58 21 02 7 8 Buffalo range 31 43 19 32 28 7 Buhera For each station we now have a rainfall value and a CCD value The Spearman rank correlation coefficient yields a positive value This means the relation between rainfall and CCD is positive All stations for which no values could be extracted either because they lay outside the image window or the extracted values are missing are eliminated from the output file Therefore the output file may contain fewer lines than the input file The ratio between rainfall and CCD value is now calculated and stored in an ASCII table with the following format column 1 longitude of the point column 2 latitude of the point column 3 calculated value of the ratio at this point column 4 a label identifying the point column 5 value of parameter at the point provided in column 3 of the input file column 6 pixel value extracted from the image Columns 5 and 6 are not necessary for the creation of the SEDI image However they provide background information to the user and make it possible to change the file manually to eliminate undesirable side effects As an example rainfall values equal to zer
62. e input image Scaling factor to be applied to the 16 to 8 bit conversion The offset to be used for the 16 to 8 bit conversion Swap bytes in case of 16 bit images only Remarks Many raster data files contain just raw data in 1 byte 8 bit or in integer 2 byte 16 bit without any attached header information This function will append raw 8 bit or 16 bit binary data onto an IDA image header so the data can be displayed and processed in IDA If the raw data is padded to some convenient record length or if ancillary data is attached to the beginning or end of the record the number of pixels parameter should equal the entire length of the record not just the length of the actual data in the record If the header size is noted the muber of bytes specified will be ignored by WinDisp when importing the file If the input file is greater than or equal to 2 height width header size then it assumed to be a 16 bit image and the last 3 parameters are used to convert the data to 8 bits per pixel When importing 16 bit images the correct slope and intercept offset values must be applied if necessary in order to scale the 16 bit file pixel values which can range from 32767 to 32767 to the 8 bit 0 to 254 range Process Import Erdas Image Purpose Import Erdas 7 x LAN or GIS image Parameters Erdas GIS or LAN to import Image to create Red band for LAN images Green band for LAN images 88 Blue band for LAN images
63. e numeric values are used by the software while the alpha numeric strings are used to describe the parameters selected The alpha numeric strings are displayed by the legend file editor allowing users to view the description of the parameters selected The legend file editor can be used to create and edit legend files using the menu Options Edit Legend File The name of the legend file being edited will appear in the header bar of the active window as shown Legend File Editor VE File Help Legend Type fi Equal Intervals y Data Min optional Nr of Categories fi 0 2 255 Data Max optional Color Scheme 5 Red and Blue Text color optional fo Sal Legend Range 2 UPPER Font optional 8 NoStrikeThru NoUnder a Legend Title optional Example moo q k n 21 A The Edit Legend File Menu File New Create a new legend file Open Open an existing legend file specifying path and file name Save Save the legend file with the existing name Save As Save the legend file with a new name Exit Exit the Edit File legend menu and return to the main menu Help Open the help file dealing with legend files B Types of legends The following type of legends can be created 1 Equal Intervals 2 Unique Values 3 Percentiles 4 Quartiles 5 Logarithmic If no option is selected and the line is left blank WinDisp 4 0 will use as default 1 Equal Intervals C Number of classes The number of classes possible depends on the t
64. e performed for the following Max Maximum value Min Minimum value Avg Average value Median Median value Range Range between the maximum value and the minimum value Sum Sum of the values Count Number of valid pixels situated between the maximum threshold and the minimum threshold in a polygon Stddev Standard deviation of values Decloud Temporal smoothing technique Slope Slope of the trend line of the values MaxDate Date the maximum value occurs MinDate Date the minimum value occurs To use each of these commands in the Process Series menu you must supply WinDisp 4 0 with the following information the name of the file list containig the list of images that you want analyzed the location where you want to save the result of the analysis and the name under which you want it saved You will be asked to provide certain other parameters depending on the type of analysis done The commands Max Min Avg Median and Range are generally applied to NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index images in order to observe vegetation peaks the lowest values average conditions or differences between maximum and minimum values during a season See examples 33 below Min and Avg analysis exclude pixels having values corresponding to clouds or to an absence of data The command Sum is often used to create a cumulative image of CCD Cold Cloud Duration or ERF Estimated Rainfall time series for the growing period See example below To use the
65. e series graphs can be drawn with View Graph Map Data By default if more than half of the polygon contains pixels outside the relevant thresholds a value of 9999 is returned Both the thresholds and the percentage of the polygon that needs to be valid can be modified with the Process Thresholds command Process Header Edit Purpose View Edit an image header Parameters Image file Remarks Each image file begins with a 512 byte header containing information on the image including the image size projection parameters and optional value scaling parameters This command is used to look at the contents of the header and to modify them if desired See Image headers 8 4 1 2 for a detailed description of the header parameters See Process Header Change Value for information on how to modify a single image header value See Image headers for a detailed description of the header parameters Process Header Change Value Purpose Change a single value in an image header Parameters Image file Variable name Variable value 84 Remarks This function can be used to change a single variable in an image header For instance after processing an image you may wish to modify the header to reflect the results of the processing Use Process Header Edit to view and edit all header values See Image headers for a detailed description of the header parameters The following is a list of valid variable names see 4 1 2 for a detailled de
66. ea tt 83 Process Header Ed a ee ao bado 84 Process Header Change VallB ninisi aaan crac 84 Process Timeshold nene o da do 85 Process SEDI Automatics t c3 cit ien ca Aelia en Aa ete aie 86 Process SEDI ASSISIEd nit A an a ie See era ata 86 Process SEDI Step 1 Ratio Filenin ieia aa Adal aha Aad alee 86 Process SEDI Step 2 rita nei an ea neler aia 87 Process SEDI Step 3 IMA ici ni en ae ela a 87 Process impon Oa Luisa dd 87 Process Import Asci Image serrr aea AKE narco EKA a AA nr rc rr 88 Process Import Binary IMage oooononcccnnnnccinnnoccconnnoncccnononccc nan c cnn narran rc 88 Process Import Erdas Mage i neraino apan nono crac 88 Process Import Erdas TraleT ocorra parens irii eranu nc cnc 89 Process Import Idrisi IMage oooonnniccnnoncicinnnnccccnnnonccnnnorccnnnnrrc cnn nc cnn rc 90 Process Import Idrisi Vector znega aranana iiaeaae ERER cnn nr rr 90 Process Import Surfer Gri ooooocinnnnnnnninnncccnnccnnccnnncnncnncc cnn naar 90 Process Import Surfer PlOt ooccccinnnncinnccnnccnnononnnccnnnncccnnrnc narran cnc 91 Process Import ArcView ShaPl coomcincccninccnnnnnnnccnnnncccnonnn nn cnn nn cnn cnc 91 Process Export Asci Image nierien ea a NA nan 91 Process Export Binary Image ssni eina ataei aar AENEA EAA TAEAKE AE EAA AAEE AET 92 Process Export Erdas IMage ocoomoccccnnnociconnncccnnnnncccnnnnnc aaa iar ELERE AEAEE EA RE aea Eae ERAY 92 Process Export Idrisiimage sironnan usa Ne NEE ETE T E 92 A Process Expor
67. each time the dialog box is opened If they have been saved in the initialization file they will appear the first time the dialog box is opened If a browse button is available clicking it will give you access to a browse box in which you can directly select a parameter Variables can be included in the parameters by delimiting the variables with signs The text designating a valid parameter appears in black A color other than black indicates an invalid parameter In some cases for example a difference image the parameter is optional and the box can therefore be left blank C Browse buttons To choose a parameter from a browse box click on the browse button Browse boxes are available for a variety of parameters including files colors types of points lines and fill fonts and data fields Browse buttons give you access to the following windows from which you can choose colors styles of points lines and background Point Style Color A AA IIA 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 Cancel Line Style A LLL SS ASI Nase MK D Save parameters button If you want the defined parameters for later use in WinDisp 4 0 click the save button This operation will save the parameters in the initialization file of WinDisp 4 0 and each time the file is opened they will automatically be loaded E Help button Click the help button for a description of this function and it
68. ee ee ea nese ee eaaeeeeeeaaeeeeeeaaeeeeeeaeeeeneeeeeee 31 2 6 8 Operators used in batch language cccecsceceeeeeeeeeeeeaeceeeeeseaeeeaeeeeaaeseeeeeseaeeesaeeseeeeeeeeess 31 LAO SS iii A ee indies 32 2 ll ii LAA a el A et 32 2 7 2 Analysis Of a Series Of IMages ooomccccnoccccnonoccccnonancccnnnoncccnnnonncc nano nn nc nano nn rnnnn nc cnn nn c anar 33 2 713 PROCESS StalS ida eee 37 2 4 4 VIEWING Olaphs vines at ate ein ais aed anid baad 39 21 0 Process SED ati did ara 41 2 7 6 Modification of an Image esas e dd Geet eed Seta 44 2 727 IMporting and export utilidad 44 2 8 On Screen digitizing Ai Aaa 46 2 9 Stand alone processing iaa dia 47 2 1 0 5 Programming with DEl cade 47 3 Command reference for WinDisp 4 0 cocnnccccniccnnnonnnncccnnnccanecrnc cr 48 Sede MAINO M aia leon asii sil iiO 48 SZ QUICK ANC a lio 48 33 Fil MOM E E E E A 53 File Open Imaga iniiai niaaa aeea aa ia 53 File Retrieve Mage 2cissc diene se a a a eel eee 53 File Open M pihi eienenn ea id Meee dete ane eee ce eee ee el ee eee 53 File Retrieve Map iii ae ide ede sn ed Lae eels 53 File Open Bitmaps nienn tele Ae A ieee hs ele eee 54 File Retrieve Bitmap 0 00 id do 54 File Open TO A AA A AA a AA ties 54 Elle Retrieved ile 54 Fils Open Tablas ia 55 File Open Fil ii dada 55 File Open Projet A ti 56 File Open Idrisi Mage oia Ada ida 56 File Retrieve ldrisi IMAge coonmncccnnnnncccnnnncccnonnncccnnn nac 56 File Open Id
69. eld optional Data color table optional Remarks Use File Open Map to display a map in a new window Use File Retrieve Map to either retrieve a map into the currently active window if it is empty or to overlay a map on top of an image bitmap or other map in the currently active window The vector map formats that can be used in WinDisp 4 0 are the BNA ATLAS GIS Strategic Mapping ASCII SHP ESRI Shape file VEC IDRISI vector file and GEN ungenerated ArcInfo coverages See the IDA Users Manual and or ATLAS GIS or ESRI reference materials for a description of those file formats The data file and data field parameters are optional If they are included the data file must be an ASCII comma delimited file with field descriptors in the first row and map labels in the first column All 53 data values must be numeric The legend is only used if data is displayed If a color table is specified it will be used to assign colors to ranges of data values This will over ride the map fill color If no color table is specified the data be displayed in 5 equal ranges in colors from red to green Once a map has been displayed the map label for points and polygons will be displayed in the status bar by clicking on the feature If data has been displayed the data value for that feature will also be displayed File Open Bitmap File Retrieve Bitmap Purpose Display a bitmap in a new window or retrieve a bitmap into the current graphic w
70. ely or if the variable Month1 is equal to the variable Month2 You will find a list of the symbols used in expressions of this type in section 2 6 8 It is important to note A special function file name of file can be put into an if then statement to insure the existence of a file An if then expression may contain any kind of numeric character or space The section Batch If Else is not absolutely required in an if then statement which can therefore function without execution by default 2 6 5 For next loops To repeat the same command for a series of files for example the same type of image for different dates the for next loop can be adapted The example below shows how a for next loop is used to display images of three consecutive dekads Batch For Begin Dekad 1 3 1 File Open Image c ccd_af 1997 Dc97 Month Dekad af c data projects c clr 0 0 0 0 Batch For End The part Dekad 1 3 1 signifies that the loop is repeated from the value of 1 to the value of 3 increasing successively by 1 and that these values are assigned to the variable Dekad This variable is then used in the command to display the image Note that in for next loops the value of the increment the last parameter in the Batch For Begin line can be negative allowing you to have a command like the following Batch For Begin Dekad 3 1 1 Batch For End This loop will load successively the dekad images from 3 to 1 The comman
71. en or File Retrieve Use File Open to display a selected file in a new window Use File Retrieve to display a file in the active window A table a film or a project must be opened in a new window with File Open To bring back a window that was previously active in order to superimpose information in the active window you can retrieve it simply by clicking on its icon that appears in the menu in the lower part of the screen An image must be shown before a map can be retrieved It is necessary to avoid opening several images in the same window To view an entire image use 0 as the default value for each of the co ordinates Preparation of the image of Mali The image covering all of Africa is opened using the command File Open Image The map of Mali is superimposed using the command File Retrieve Map 2 4 2 Changing the display for images and bitmaps When an image or bitmap has been opened you can change the display using the commands View Zoom or View Pan These commands can be used only within a normal window in a project They cannot be deleted using the command Edit Delete This command executed after a zoom or after moving an image will annul the command executed before the Zoom or Pan command which will result in the loss of information The commands under the View Zoom menu will allow you to change the size of an image or bitmap The commands under the View Pan menu will allow you to view a neighboring part of an ima
72. ernet at ftp www fs fed us pub ndvi support windisp3 1 5 Installing WinDisp Version 4 0 The current version of WinDisp and future updates can be obtained from the FAO GIEWS at http www fao org Giews English Windisp Windisp htm The latest versions of WinDisp including the beta versions of upcoming releases when available are also posted by Eric Pfirman at http Ag Arizona Edu epfirman Windisp4 html To install WinDisp 4 0 on your computer If you are installing WinDisp 4 0 from CD ROM place the CD ROM in your computer and access the WinDisp 4 0 directory using Windows Explorer close all other open applications and run double click the file setup exe If you have downloaded WinDisp from the Internet locate the wd4setup zip file unzip wd4setup zip into a temporary directory and run setup exe The WinDisp 4 0 installation program will ask the user to confirm the creation of the WinDisp 4 0 directory in c windisp4 Users can modify the location in which to install the latest version of WinDisp i e in cases where you which to maintain earlier version of the software If a previous version of WinDisp 4 x exists on your computer the setup routine will write over the older version of the software unless another directory is specified The installation process can be aborted at any time by clicking the Exit Setup button Note if a previous version of WinDisp 3 x is installed on your computer you may want to remove the older vers
73. ess Window Help 3 2 Quick reference Open close save print files or exit Cut copy paste undo etc Zoom and pan images and view graphs Add points lines text etc to graphics Store menu operations and play them back Set a variety of display window options Image processing functions Tile cascade minimize windows etc Open this help file or an about box The listing below provides a quick reference to the commands available in WinDisp 4 0 Details of each of the WinDisp 4 0 menu items are provided in sections 3 3 through 3 11 of this chapter File Menu Open Image Map Bitmap Text Table Eilm Project Idrisi Image Idrisi Vector Erdas Image Arcinfo Gen ArcView Shape Retrieve Image Bitmap Map Text Idrisi Image Idrisi Vector Erdas Image Arcinfo Gen ArcView Shape Open a new window and display the selected object WinDisp or IDA image IDA or Atlas BNA map Bitmap graphic ASCII text file Comma delimited ASCII table A series of Windows BMP graphics displayed in succession WinDisp project Idrisi binary image Idrisi vector map ERDAS 7 4 LAN or GIS image ArcInfo GEN arc or point map ArcView SHP shape map Add the selected object to the active window WinDisp or IDA image Bitmap IDA or Atlas BNA map use this to overlay maps on images ASCII text file Idrisi binary image Idrisi vector map ERDAS 7 4 LAN or GIS image ArcInfo GEN arc or point map ArcView SHP shape map
74. eter by keeping the aspect ratio 1 1 To change the default printer use File Print Setup To print all open windows at once use File Print All Windows File Print All Windows Purpose Print all WinDisp windows Parameters Width of printed image in inches Remarks This function prints the contents of every window in WinDisp to a single page The individual images are placed on the printer page as they are arranged in the main WinDisp window There is no space between the windows and the windows are seperated by a black line As with File Print Current Window the image is automatically centered on the page Note that the height of the printed image is computed from the width given since the aspect ratio of the image is kept at 1 1 To change the default printer use File Print Setup To print only the currently active window use File Print Current Window File Print Setup Purpose Select a printer Parameters None Remarks Brings up the windows printer dialog box This function does not print anything it only allows you to select the printer to print to The printer you select becomes the default printer for the system File Run Purpose Run an external application Parameters Application name and parameters Remarks 61 This is included to allow the user to open another application from within WinDisp This may be included as a layer in a Project in order to view an external file associated with the project
75. fferent type of images supported by WinDisp 4 0 are provided in section 4 1 3 of this manual Process Export Erdas Image Purpose Export image to Erdas 7 x lan or gis Parameters IDA image to export ERDAS 7 x image to create Remarks ERDAS is a widely used robust medium sized image processing and raster GIS system specializing in multispectral image analysis The ERDAS 7 x image file formats have become something of a standard since they were adopted by ESRI for use in their ArcView system The IDA images are converted to 8 bit ERDAS images The extension should be either LAN or GIS Internally the file format for GIS and single band LAN files are identical A Platte Carre geographic projection is assumed for all images being exported If a different projection is used the ERDAS image header should be modified accordingly Process Export Idrisi Image Purpose Export image to Idrisi format Parameters IDA image to export Idrisi image to create w ext 92 Remarks IDRISI is an inexpensive raster GIS developed by Ron Eastman at Clark University IDRISI performs many useful GIS functions that complement IDAs functions well such as zone generation region aggregation etc This function creates IDRISI 8 bit binary files A Platte Carre geographic projection is assumed for all images being exported If a different projection is used the Idrisi image header should be modified accordingly Process Export Idrisi Ve
76. ften called Global Area Coverage or GAC resolution and the CCD pixel size is 5 x 5 km corresponding to the native pixel size of the METEOSAT series satellites The maps and tabular data used in the examples are from the GIEWS Workstation database which were collected from various sources The NDVI imagery was produced at the Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and are derived from the AVHRR sensor aboard the NOAA series of meteorological satellites The CCD imagery used in the examples were produced by the FAO ARTEMIS system and compiled from data received from the METEOSAT series of satellites 1 4 Additional resources An additional in depth resource for WinDisp users is a CD ROM based course and self study tutorial entitled Monitoring of Crops Rangelands and Food Security at National Level produced for developing countries by the Agriculture Conservation and Environment Division of the International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences ITC in the Netherlands The ITC tutorial is available in English and French Also available is the WinDisp3 Self Study Guide Displaying and Analysing NDVI Derived Images for Vegetation Greenness and Fire Potential Assessment Section 1 by Roberta A Bartlette of the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Fire Sciences Laboratory located in Missoula Montana USA as part of the NDVI Data And Support Tools they are distributing over the Int
77. gain to select the other corner The graphics will be placed in the clipboard for pasting Edit Paste Purpose Paste the contents of the clipboard to the current window Parameters None Remarks The short cut for this is ctrl V For text any text in the clipboard will be placed in the text window at the location of the cursor For graphics a box will show the size of the graphic in the clipboard Move the box to the desired location and click once to place it there Edit Delete Purpose Delete a portion of a graphic or text Parameters None Remarks Cut a region of a graphic or selected text without placing it in the clipboard 3 5 View menu View Zoom In Purpose Zoom in on an image or bitmap in the current window Parameters None Remarks Select a region of an image or bitmap with the cursor and zoom in on that region View Zoom Out Purpose Zoom out on an image or bitmap in the current window Parameters None Remarks Select a point location on an image or bitmap and zoom out around that location The current zoom factor is doubled 63 View Zoom Previous Purpose Zoom to the previous image or bitmap coordinates Parameters None Remarks If you have zoomed in or out on an image or bitmap this will restore the image or bitmap to the previous coordinates Note that this feature will only zoom back one level View Zoom Image Purpose Zoom back to original image or bitmap size Pa
78. ge An image will not display properly without these parameters Maximum value for either parameter is 32767 title The header reserves 80 characters for a description of the contents of the image This is an optional feature reserved All reserved slots are to maintain compatibility with the TERRAMAR MICROIMAGE file format Programmers can use these zones to store information when no compatibility with TERRAMAR is required image_type WinDisp 4 0 now supports 17 different types of images The image type is used when converting pixel counts into true values for NDVI The image type also tells which pixel counts are for cloud masks overlays garbage etc The following image types are defined GENERIC 0 FEWS NDVI 1 EROS NDVI 6 ARTEMIS CUTOFF 10 ARTEMIS RECODE 11 ARTEMIS NDVI 12 ARTEMIS FEWS 13 ARTEMIS NEWNASA 14 GENERIC DIFF 100 FEWS NDVI DIFF 101 EROS NDVI DIFF 106 ARTEMIS CUTOFF DIFF 110 ARTEMIS RECODE DIFF 111 ARTEMIS NDVI DIFF 112 ARTEMIS FEWS DIFF 113 ARTEMIS NEWNASA DIFF 114 CALCULATED 200 98 This is always a linear relationship that can be expressed by value slope byte value intercept by analogy with the basis formula y mx b For normal image processing GENERIC is suggested projection The projection information is used when overlaying maps on images reprojecting images and getting lat long image co ordinates with the cursor The following projections are
79. ge or bitmap 15 In more detail the commands available under the View Zoom menu are the following Zoom In to zoom in on the current graphic window Zoom Out to zoom out on the current graphic window Previous to view the preceding image Total to view the entire image or bitmap Feature to zoom in on a selected feature Lat Long to zoom in on an area determined by latitude and longitude co ordinates The View Previous command allows you to retrace all the layers in the active window This function is most often used when the window size is changed The zoom factor of all the maps and images is recalculated to adapt to the new window Preparing the image of Mali View Zoom is used to reduce the view to the area that interests us Mali Use the View Zoom In command selecting the area with the cursor the View Zoom Lat Long if the latitude and longitude values are known or the View Zoom Feature by clicking on the map of Mali 2 4 3 Changing the presentation Under the Edit menu you will find the usual operations Undo Cut Copy Paste Delete Details for using each of these commands is found in Chapter 3 Under the Draw menu you will find options allowing you to improve the presentation of a window This is particularly useful in the case of a image that you wish to print or to save as a bitmap The commands in the first part of the Draw menu allow you to create a point a line a polygon or rectangle in
80. gend class limits can be shown in FULL indicating the upper and lower limits of the class eg 50 to 100 or UPPER indicating the data are above the starting value for each class eg gt 50 Draw Colorbar Purpose Draw a bar showing continuous colors from color table Parameters Color table Text font 71 Text color Minimum value 0 255 Maximum value 0 255 Coordinates or use cursor Remarks A colorbar is a useful way to show what colors are associated with which values in an image The colorbar graphically depicts the range of image values over which a given color is used If the image is classified or contains discrete values a legend may be more appropriate Legends can be created with Draw Legend By default WinDisp 4 0 automatically displays legends to the right of an image or map Many users may wish to either display no legend at all or to place the legend or colorbar in a different position The default legend function can be turned in Options Display The colorbar can be positioned manually with the cursor or automatically by including coordinates in the Options Dialog Box The specified region is filled with the colorbar If the width is greater than the height the colorbar is drawn horizontally otherwise it is drawn vertically The colorbar size and position matches the coordinates given Any text from the Key field in the color table is drawn below a horizontal colorbar or to the right of a vertical colorbar a
81. gical station which can be included in the analysis of the pixel Example of Burkina Faso in the case of analysis linked to some polygons this parameter is not used so its value by default is equal to 1 The results of the extraction are stored in an ASCII format table The first line identifies the fields derived from the first column in each line of the list file Each row of the table begins with the name of the cartographic feature delimited by quotation marks followed by the data from each image separated by a comma and a space Example of Burkina Faso statistics table ndvi97 sta the following is data represented in a graph in section 2 7 4 stats 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Oudalan 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 09 0 07 0 07 0 06 0 07 0 06 0 07 0 11 0 11 0 14 0 18 0 21 0 20 0 16 0 14 0 12 0 11 0 12 0 13 0 13 0 14 Soum 0 11 0 10 0 10 0 09 0 07 0 07 0 07 0 08 0 08 0 09 0 13 0 14 0 18 0 22 0 24 0 25 0 21 0 18 0 16 0 13 0 14 0 14 0 14 0 14 Seno 0 12 0 11 0 11 0 07 0 08 0 09 0 07 0 09 0 07 0 08 0 13 0 13 0 14 0 17 0 20 0 22 0 23 0 20 0 18 0 14 0 13 0 14 0 14 0 14 Yatenga 0 13 0 13 0 12 0 12 0 09 0 10 0 10 0 14 0 13 0 14 0 16 0 18 0 22 0 23 0 27 0 30 0 28 0 23 0 22 0 17 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 17 Up to 36 values can be stored in one row By default if
82. gradations of red to gradations of blue on all or on a selection of lines Create a gradation of colors going from gradations of bright red through gradations of blue on all or on a selection of lines Create a gradation of colors going from blue through green to red on all or on a selection of lines Create a series of mixed colors based on the 16 EGA color scheme on all or on a selection of lines Delete all the colors and replace them with 0 O O black on all or on a selection of lines Open the help file dealing with editing color tables A color table contains six fields delimited by spaces The first line of the editor describes the fields Sample Color Table FROM TO RED 0 2 255 3 82 0 83 94 128 GREEN BLUE LEGEND 255 255 Clouds 0 128 Water 128 0 Dark soil 20 95 110 255 255 0 Light soil 111 115 0 255 0 Light vegetation 116 130 0 128 0 Medium vegetation 131 255 128 0 128 Dense vegetation C FROM and TO fields The fields FROM and TO delimit the range of image values assigned to a color For an image these values must be in the range of 0 to 255 and correspond to the actual digital counts not the derived values such as for NDVI Each value should be associated with only one color They should not overlap The value of a color should be greater than the TO value in the previous color The color table editor allows you to change the values directly in the color table and the new table can be saved using the File Save
83. gual image analysis and map display software tool for early warning in its current version This evolution was gradual with WinDisp first being customised and upgraded to meet the needs of the GIEWS which resulted in WinDisp 2 0 Version 2 0 offered an easy to use high level data browsing tool for decision making support and provided the user with multiple window capabilities support for displaying a wider variety of file formats and the ability to map tabular data A project interface was added in Version 2 0 which could be customised to provide the user with a list of the available data for a country or specific area and permitted the creation of detailed menus for selecting displaying and integrating various tabular data digital maps and satellite images By the time WinDisp 2 0 was finalised and in use by the GIEWS the IDA user community was looking for an MS Windows based version of IDA Though the FAO GIEWS had funded an initial version of IDA for Windows that software did not take advantage of the full functionality that could be offered under MS Windows Since the same team of programmers led by Eric Pfirman at the University of Arizona had developed IDA for DOS IDA for Windows and WinDisp it was proposed that WinDisp be enhanced to incorporate all of the analytical features of the IDA for DOS program This proposal was agreed upon by many IDA users and funding was obtained from the US Agency for International Development s Famin
84. h Process Header Edit to set the projection parameters Alternatively you can also paste a map into an existing image or Zero out an image in Process Images Algebra with an equation like image 0 Process Images Mosaic Purpose Combine a series of images into a single image Parameters File list of image names Image to create Remarks Join two or more images into a single image Images must have valid projection information in the image headers The first image in the series must be the northern most and western most image in the series See File name list files for more information 8 2 7 1 on how to create a list of image names for this function Process Stats Purpose Extract statistics from images for map features Parameters List of image names Map file Stats file for results Window around points 1 3 5 7 9 New Statistics can now also be extracted using ESRI Shape files in addition to BNA map files This function now save statistics in a slightly modified file format The first row now contains field names derived from the first column of the image names list Existing stats files will be modified to fit this new format if additional stats are added to the file Remarks The stats functions are used to extract and plot statistics derived from points and polygons within images The extracted statistics may be imported into spreadsheets and databases to further analyze model and plot 83 Available s
85. i vector map file Parameters Idrisi vector file to import IDA map to create Remarks IDRISI is an inexpensive raster GIS developed by Ron Eastman at Clark University IDRISI performs many useful GIS functions that complement IDAs functions well such as zone generation region aggregation etc Process Import Surfer Grid Purpose Import Surfer raster grid Parameters Surfer grid to import IDA image to create Remarks SURFER is a 3 D graphics package developed by Golden Software Inc SURFER can be used to plot contours and 3 D perspectives of images SURFER s GRID functions can produce raster image files from point data such as meteorological and agricultural monitoring stations The GRID functions also support robust mathematical operations similar to Process Images Algebra This function converts binary SURFER grid files into IDA images The z values in the grid file should be scaled to the range 0 255 The input image will have a generic IDA header attached and should be edited as necessary with Process Header Edit Please note that if a raster grid was interpolated from point data in the SURFER GRID function that grid is in the geographic or PLATTE CARRE projection 90 Process Import Surfer Plot Purpose Import Surfer plot file as bna map file Parameters Surfer plot to import IDA map to create Length of longest side in inches Remarks SURFER is a 3 D graphics package developed by Golden Software Inc SURFER
86. ide the status bar at the bottom of the main window Show screen coordinates If yes display cursor screen coordinates for the active window in the status bar Show image coordinates If yes display cursor pixel line coordinates for image in the active window Show geographic coordinates If yes display cursor long lat coordinates for image in the active window Show image values If yes display image values for the pixel under the cursor for the image in the active window Show splash screen at startup Don t bother to display the splash screen at startup You can always get to the splash screen with Help About Options Project Purpose Set various options related to projects Parameters Project width Save Project settings 76 Remarks Project width determines how wide the project window will be If set here project windows will be this size whenever they are opened for the remainder of the current session If the value y n vis saved with the Save Parameters button then this width will be used in subsequent sessions as well If Save project settings is set to yes then the value of each of the check boxes plus any variables that have been assigned will be saved in the project file when it is closed in the current session If this value y n is saved with the Save Parameters button then the value will be the same for subsequent sessions as well Options Edit Color Table Purpose Create Edit Save a map or image co
87. if the multiplication factor is 1 a result equal to 100 for a given pixel indicates a null slope for the pixel a result of 108 indicates a positive slope of 8 and a result equal to 94 indicates a slope of negative 4 If the multiplication factor is 10 the results for the same pixels would be 102 184 and 38 increasing the precision of obtained results to 0 2 8 4 and 3 8 respectively The commands DateMax and DateMin can be used on CCD images Cold Cloud Duration as well as NDVI in order to determine the date of the peaks or the lowest values during a period See the examples below In the series of images in a file list WinDisp 4 0 picks out for each pixel the image that contains the highest or lowest value and assigns to the pixel the number of this image in the file list For example in applying DateMax to the series of images in one of the file lists below if a pixel is found to have the highest value in image dc97043 af this pixel will have the value 12 in the resulting image To make the resulting image readable it will be necessary to open an adapted color table such as the DATE table reproduced below The following images illustrate the various types of analysis available except Stddev and Decloud already illustrated above The images are produced from analysis on either CCD satellite images from April to November 1997 or NDVI images covering the same period Consult section 2 7 1 for details on file lists 35 Li
88. image the user may wish to smooth only the land surfaces to avoid averaging coastlines and water together To do this set the thresholds to 82 255 82 is derived from the equation COUNT NDVI 256 82 If the image type is CALCULATED then the user can specify these values in the image header with Process Header Edit or Process Header Change Value 85 The of pixels in polygon parameter is used when extracting statistics with Process Stats Statistics for a given feature are only extracted if the specified percentage of pixels within that feature fall within the specified thresholds For instance if thresholds are set to ignore clouds and over 50 of a polygon is covered with clouds then the statistic will not be calculated and a 9999 will be returned Process SEDI Automatic Purpose Automatically calculate interpolated image Parameters Directory for temporary files Input SURFER data file Background image Positive or negative relationship P N Number of pixels extracted per station 1 5 9 13 Delimiter of input SURFER data file Missing value in input file Distance between gridlines kilometers Search radius for interpolation kilometers Number of nearest stations to use Output image file Image type Slope Intercept Remarks This function automatically calculates all three SEDI steps Note that two separate commands are created when recording a batch file Both commands must be included in the order they
89. implemented NONE 0 HAMMER_AITOFF 2 PLATTE_CARRE 3 Geographic lat long LAMBERTCC 4 Lambert Conformal Conic METEOSAT 5 LAMBERTAZ 6 Lambert Azimuthal ALBERS EQUAL AREA CONIC 8 GOODES HOMOLOSINE 9 The values lat_center long_center x_center y_center dx dy parallel and parallel2 determine for a given image type the pixel size the exact location on earth and the shape of the image To be more precise lat_center long_center These values identify the center of the projection in decimal degrees x_center y_center These values define the center of the image relative to the reference projection image For the reference image these values are 1 2 the height and width For sub images the sub image offsets are subtracted from the reference x_center y_center dx dy These values are used by the projection routines when converting from longitude latitude to line pixel and vice versa The values of dx and dy for the projections and image types supported in WinDisp 4 0 are as follows Geographic Platte Carre Lat Long dx degrees longitude pixel dy degrees latitude pixel Hammer Aitoff for NASA NDVI images dx 1 blowup width 56 2 dy 1 aspect ratio blowup height 48 2 These are dx 0 0004233844 and dy 0 0008467687 for Africa Meteosat dx 18 width dy 18 height Spheroid Eq radius 6 378 155m Polar radius 6 356 751 8m Lambert Conformal Conic dx nomi
90. in one column then the remainder of the items will be placed in successive columns In the extreme you may have only one item per column or a horizontal legend White space can be left around the edges of an image to make room to place the legend with Options Define Window Size Draw Legend Equal Intervals Purpose Draw a legend with equal intervals This will based on the minimum and maximum data values in the map dataset unless the minimum and maximum values are otherwise specified by the user 69 Parameters Number of classes 2 255 Minimum value Maximum value Color Scheme Legend Range 1 Full or 2 Upper Text Font Text Color Coordinates or use cursor Remarks This function allow users to draw a legend associated with a map dataset with equal intervals based on the minimum and maximum data values in the map dataset unless the minimum and maximum values are otherwise specified by the user The number of classes can be between 2 and 255 default value 10 The user can specify maximum and minimum values which are different from the actual map dataset maximum and minimum which are displayed when the users click on the command button for these fields If the user specified values are completely outside the actual data range an error message will appear The options available for the color scheme are listed when the corresponding command button is activated The legend class limits can be shown in FULL
91. indow Parameters Bitmap file X1 O default Y1 O default X2 O default Y2 O default X1 O default UL Map X Y optional LR Map X Y optional Remarks This can be used for displaying raster bitmap graphics in a variety of formats including BMP EPS JPG PCX RAS TGA TIF WMF WPG Currently GIF format bitmaps are not supported because we do not have a license from Unisys Use X1 Y1 X2 and Y2 to display just a portion of a bitmap If the UL and LR map coordinates for the entire bitmap are specified maps can be overlayed on top of the bitmap and the cursor will return map coordinates Note that the bitmap must be in the same projection as the maps to be overlayed ie lat long projection The View Zoom functions can be used to zoom in and out on bitmaps WARNING 256 color bitmaps will take over the display palette and destroy the palettes of any images displayed File Open Text File Retrieve Text Purpose Display an ASCII text file in a new window or retrieve text into the currently active window Parameters Text file Remarks Use File Open Text to open a text file into a new window Use File Retrieve Text to retrieve a text file into a currently active text window The retrieved text will be added at the current cursor position This is useful for editing and viewing projects data files and color tables 54 File Open Table Purpose Display a comma delimited ASCII table Parameters Comma
92. ion by simply deleting the files and directory using Explorer in order to free up disk space on your computer The WinDisp 4 0 installation program will also ask the user in which language the software should be installed The selection of language at this stage does not prevent you from modifying the language of WinDisp 4 0 later After selecting the desired language and installation directory click on the computer icon to start installing the software After a few minutes the installation routine will indicate it has finished installing WinDisp 4 0 To modify the language after installation of WinDisp 4 0 Following the installation of WinDisp 4 0 open the Windisp ini file on your computer and modify the line Language as follows Language ENGLISH Language FRENCH Language SPANISH under the Windisp section according to the language you want WinDisp users are encouraged to visit the FAO GIEWS WinDisp website at http www fao org Giews English Windisp Windisp htm and the WinDisp website maintained by Eric Pfirman at http Ag Arizona Edu epfirman Windisp4 html for updates and information concerning the latest developments in WinDisp 10 2 Working with WinDisp 4 0 WinDisp was developed to display satellite images maps and associated databases The available functions in WinDisp 4 0 following the order in the principal menu are File To open close save and print files or to exit WinDisp 4 0 Edit To cut copy paste cance
93. is mapped to the most similar color in the Windows palette These colors are shown in the list below standard EGA colors To insure accurate color representation it is best to choose colors from this list VALUE COLOR RED GREEN BLUE Color 0 Black 0 0 0 1 Blue 0 0 128 E IA LA OA 3 Cyan 0 128 128 4 Red 128 0 0 PEN 5 Magenta 128 0 128 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 6 Yellow 128 128 0 7 Light gray 192 192 192 Cancel 8 Dark gray 128 128 128 9 Light blue 0 0 255 10 Light green 0 255 0 11 light cyan 0 255 255 12 Light red 255 0 0 13 Light magenta 255 0 255 14 Light yellow 255 255 0 15 White 255 255 255 The color table editor can be used to create and edit color tables Use the command Option Edit Color Table The name of the edited table will be written on the bar at the top of the window Color Table Editor C File Rows Ranges Colors Help A Eom fo Ted _JGreen_ Bue Coke Legend B fee clouds Sparse Light Medium 19 A Edit Color Table Menu File New Open Save Save As Exit Rows Insert Append Remove Define Clear Ranges Images Equal Intervals Equal Quantiles Unique Values Maps Equal Intervals Unique Values Percentiles Quartiles Logarithmic User defined Equal Intervals Unique Values Clear Colors Black to White White to Black Red to Green Red to Blue Red and Blue Bright Red and Blue Blue to Green to Red Mixed Palette Clear Help B Description of fields Create
94. is works with binary byte integer and single IDRISI images Image coordinates can be specified to display just a portion of the image All of the View Zoom and View Pan functions can also be used to display a portion of the image If the associated DOC file contains projection information maps can be overlayed on top of the image and cursor coordinates will be displayed At this time only the default 16 color IDRISI palette is used when displaying Idrisi images File Open Idrisi Vector File Retrieve Idrisi Vector Purpose Display an Idrisi vector map in a new window retrieve an Idrisi vector map into the currently active window or overlay an Idrisi vector map on top of an image bitmap or map in the currently active window Parameters Idrisi vector file Line color Line style Fill color Fill style Remarks Idrisi vector files can be displayed in a new window the same way as WinDisp 4 0 map files with File Open Idrisi Vector They can also be overlayed on top of images bitmaps and other maps with File Retrieve Idrisi Vector if the maps are in a lat long projection The Idrisi vectors are stored in a simple ASCII file format Each feature within the file begins with a line containing a feature ID followed by the number of vertices in the feature If the last vertex is the same as the first vertex the feature is assumed to be a polygon The file should end with two zeros 56 Sample point file Sample line file 13 32 3 10 5
95. l etc View To enlarge or move images and to display graphs Draw To draw points or lines to write text etc within the graphics Batch To store menu operations for repetitive use Options To define a panel of options for the display of the windows Process To apply functions for analyzing images Window To choose the format and display of the windows Help To open the help file or the presentation window of WinDisp 4 0 This chapter will show you with illustrated examples how to use these functions To enhance your knowledge of the possibilities of WinDisp 4 0 consult the detailed information concerning each function in Chapter 3 All the menus buttons etc conform as much as possible to the standards of Microsoft Windows Common User Access CUA Different interface types are available in WinDisp 4 0 providing different degrees of automation Buttons see Section 2 1 a panel of buttons allows quick access to the most common functions Dialog box see Section 2 2 all the parameters are linked to menu options by a standard dialog box Browse buttons the browse buttons included in the dialog boxes allow quick access to many standard parameters such as files colors types of point line and fill and fonts Projects see Section 2 5 a series of presentation commands can be combined in a project to allow easy access to many data layers for the same region Variables variables can be defined allowing the user to select parameter
96. limited by signs before and after For example the user can specify the precise date of the image desired with the command c images Type_image d Type_image year month e dekad af Select Dekad When you select a layer that contains variables a dialog Image_type box appears This window contains a scroll list permitting Cold Clouds since 9 88 M you to select the descriptor for each variable Med The window at the left shows a layer of the project 1997 g Satellite Image Dekad illustrated on the previous page Month The values chosen for the variable are displayed in the July M spaces just below the descriptor of the layer Dekad In the project file in ASCII text format the command line written above contains all the variables to start a project In the section Variables is the list of values for each variable and its corresponding descriptor EIN T OK Cancel In the example reproduced in section 2 5 7 on the next page Cultivation is a variable Fonio is a descriptor and 011 is a value If a variable is written several times in a chain of parameters it will appear only once in the selection window 2 5 3 Displaying a project After a project has been created and saved it can be opened with the File Open Project command Select the layers to be displayed by clicking on the descriptor for each layer A check mark XI will appear to the left of the descriptors chosen If a parame
97. lor table Parameters None Remarks This function calls up the Color Table Editor in a separate window If a color table has already been selected by another function that color table will be shown in the spreadsheet in this window The menu options available for creating editing and saving color tables are described below Individual cells within the spreadsheet can be edited by first clicking on the desired cell and then modifying the value therein Clicking on a color cell will bring up a color selection tool that can be used to select one of the 16 basic EGA colors Other colors are available by modifying any of the red green or blue values See color tables for a more detailed description of color tables The limitations on possible colors is important See the IDA Users Manual for a description of IDA LUTs and palettes Note that a color table is a simple ASCII text file that can be edited in any text editor including WinDisp 4 0 Equal Intervals Equal Quantiles Unique Values Maps Equal Intervals Unique Values Percentages Quartiles Logarithmic User defined Equal Intervals Menu Eile New Create a new color table specify the number of rows Open Open an existing color table specify a filename Save Save the currently displayed color table to the current name Save As Save the currently displayed color table to a new name Exit Exit the color table editor and return to the main window Rows Insert Insert one or more rows a
98. lors Also the FROM value in a color should be one greater than the TO value in the previous color RED GREEN and BLUE are the intensities of the respective primary colors in the range of 0 255 LEGEND is an optional text field that will be displayed along side the colors in the legend For further information concerning colortables see 2 4 5 4 3 Legends Legend files are used to store parameters used for the display of map data files and associated legends They are ASCII files which can be modify directly in WinDisp 4 0 using the legend file editor An example of a legend file is as follows Type 1 Equal Intervals NrOfCategories 10 ColorScheme 5 Red and Blue LegRange 2 UPPER LegTitle Example DataMin DataMax Font 8 NoStrikeThru NoUnderline Noltalic NoBold TextColor 0 Detailed information about legend files is provided in section 2 4 6 of the user manual 101 4 4 Maps The map files used by WinDisp 4 0 are in the ATLAS GIS export format The file type supported are point line and polygon These files unlike the IDA images format used by WinDisp 4 0 are in ASCII format and can be viewed and edit using a text editor The ASCII file consists of sequential lines of text with no spaces except in the feature name Each line ends with a carriage return The first line for a feature contains one or two feature labels of up to 16 characters surrounded by double quotes followed by a comma and then the number of points tha
99. lt was designed to make the display and analysis of satellite images maps and associated databases as simple as possible The image and map file formats used by WinDisp are identical to its DOS based predecessor IDA see below which was already widely in use for image analysis within the early warning community at the time WinDisp development began WinDisp is often termed the successor to the Image Display and Analysis IDA software While both were contemporaneous for a period IDA was developed much earlier in the mid 1980s by the USAID Famine Early Warning System FEWS Project as a PC based image analysis tool and was made freely available to anyone who requested it IDA was initially developed by Eric Pfirman and Richard Collins with later versions by Eric Pfirman and Justin Hogue The software was used extensively within the early warning community for the analysis of low resolution high frequency satellite imagery in near real time IDA allowed for the use of satellite images at field level as it operated on most PC platforms available at the time In the early 1990s the USAID FEWS Project the United States Geological Survey EROS Data Center and the ARTEMIS system at the FAO Remote Sensing Centre in Rome helped fund upgrades of the software including support for other languages and a detailed user manual WinDisp has evolved from an MS Windows based image display tool for viewing IDA images in Version 1 0 to a fully functional multilin
100. m the table of results from the analysis done with Process Stats see Section 2 7 3 To activate the command View Graph Map Data open any image Superimpose the map you want to work with using Retrieve Map You must supply the name of the file list containing the name of the statistics file where you want to put the graph data Open this in the window by selecting the polygon on the map Example of Burkina Faso the file list used is this list 0 List Builder LIST of two statistics files obtained from the analyses done on the NDVI images of 1997 and the NDVI averages File Rows Cols Filenames Help ndvi97 sta and ndviavg sta see the beginning of the example in Section 2 7 3 idAfaotanalysisindvi97 STA difaotanalysisindviavo STA To display a graph of data in the new window select the province on the reference map of Burkina Faso that you have superimposed on the image As seen in the illustration below a selected polygon appears in red its name appears just above the graph and the legend is set up through the file list GOURMA 1357 9111315171921 23 In this example the red line 1 represents the evolution April to November 1997 of the average NDVI data for the province of Gourma while the green line 2 represents the 16 year NDVI average for the same province The command View Map Histogram is a function to display a histogram representing the number of pixels of an image or of a difference imag
101. meters will be saved in the Parameters section of the ASCII text file The variables descriptors and values will be stored in the Variables section and the types of information and the variables chosen for each layer in each window will be stored in the Settings section 2 5 6 Sample project The execution of a project is based on the storage of menu commands necessary to open a database and run the program when a user chooses to display the information In the project there is a line or a group of lines if there are variables with the available information structured exactly in the same way as if the commands were executed manually Information Option Parameters Parameters are separated by commas in the order in which they appear in the corresponding dialog box In order to write a title on the display use the following line of commands Title Title desired for the section no parameters Note in the following example the variables are delimited by signs this gives the user access to the file where the desired information can be found The variables are replaced automatically by the values selected When a variable example Type appears several times in a file it is replaced successively by the different indicated values in the project following the selected descriptor To illustrate this the example presented at the beginning of this chapter will be used to view the dekad satellite image for the duration of cold cloud su
102. ming starts in automatic mode Each picture is shown for half a second by default You can manipulate the animation with the following commands F Fast increases the speed of the animation by 1 10th of a second S Slow slows down the animation speed by 1 10th of a second Q Quit stops all filming leaving the current image in the window M Manual switches from Automatic to Manual mode Manual Mode Manual mode allows you to switch between frames manually allowing for closer inspection of individual pictures Each frame is shown until you manually advance to the next frame or until you return to Automatic mode N Next advances to the next frame P Previous advances to the previous frame A Automatic returns to Automatic mode Q Quit stops all filming leaving the current image in the window 55 File Open Project Purpose Open a WinDisp project in a new window Parameters Project file Number of windows across Number of windows down File Open Idrisi Image File Retrieve Idrisi Image Purpose Display an IDRISI image in a new window or retrieve an Idrisi image into an existing window Parameters Idrisi image file Image X1 O default Image Y1 O default Image X2 O default Image Y2 O default Remarks Use File Open Idrisi Image to display an Idrisi image in a new window or File Retrieve Idrisi Image to display an Idrisi image in the currently active window Th
103. mmits CCD Cold Cloud Duration during the third dekad of July 1997 The part of the project used to find the file you want is the following Title Satellite Image Dekad FileRetrievelmage c Type Year D T ype Y ear Month Dekad af c data projects Type f clr 88 174 341 401 The project will replace the first Type by ccd_af the second by c and the last by c since in the project you will find the variable Type there are three values separated by Variables Type Cold Cloud Duration ccd_af c c Proceeding the same way for the other variables Year you can access the selected file which for this example is Title Satellite Image Dekad File Retrieve Image c ccd_af 1997 Dc97073 af c data projects c clr 88 174 341 401 The first directory path is the data file the second one is the color file 2 5 7 Sample project file A project file as described above follows Parameters Title Satellite Image Monthly File Retrieve Image c Type Year m Type rw Y ear Month af c data projects Type clr 0 0 0 0 Title Geography National borders File Retrieve Map c data maps ben bennat bna 0 1 Provinces File Retrieve Map c data maps ben benad1 bna 0 1 Roads File Retrieve Map c data maps ben benrds bna 4 1 Cities File Retrieve Map c data maps ben bencity bna 8 0 Title Agriculture Data AGDAT File Retrieve Map c data maps ben benad1 bna 0 1 c data
104. more points in the current graphic window Parameters Point color Point size Point symbol Coordinates or use cursor Remarks Comma separated window coordinates can be included to place one or more points at a specific location in a graphics window Coordinates must be specified when including this as a layer in a project Click once to place a point Double click to place the last point and exit the function Draw Line Purpose Draw a line in the current graphic window Parameters Line color Line style Coordinates or use cursor Remarks Comma separated window coordinates can be included to place lines at a specific location in a graphics window Coordinates must be specified when including this as a layer in a project Click once to mark an end point Double click to place the last end point and exit the function Draw Region Purpose Draw a polygon in the current graphic window Parameters Line color Line style Coordinates or use cursor Remarks Commaz separated window coordinates can be included to place polygons at a specific location in a graphics window Coordinates must be specified when including this as a layer in a project Click once to mark an end point Double click to place the last end point close the polygon and exit the function 67 Draw Box Purpose Draw a rectangle in the current graphic window Parameters Line color Line style Fill color Fill style Coordinates or
105. mpanies Version 4 0 and includes information and instructions on the new features added to Version 4 0 This manual builds upon the previous reference materials distributed with the software by Eric Pfirman and the IDA for DOS Version 4 2 User Manual developed for FAO ARTEMIS by Peter Hoefsloot Chapter 2 provides detailed descriptions of the WinDisp interface how to display maps and images how to develop project files and batch routines and how to use the image analysis functions Chapter 3 provides the same information contained in the on line help available in WinDisp which was produced by Eric Pfirman Chapter 4 provides a detailed description of the primary file types used by WinDisp The data and examples used in Chapter 2 are for Africa and focus on the use of satellite imagery in early warning for food security Satellite images are often the only information available in near real time for the arid and semi arid regions of Africa which are often subject to drought and poor crop conditions and where timely and reliable ground information is often difficult to obtain Two types of satellite data have proven useful for early warning normalised difference vegetation index NDVI images and cold cloud duration CCD images These images can be used to compare the current growing season with a historical archive of NDVI images dating back to mid 1981 and CCD images dating back to 1988 The NDVI images have a pixel size of roughly 7 6 x 7 6 km o
106. munications link to other program Image time series statistics for each pixel in the images Maximum value Minimum value Average value Median value Range of values Sum of values Number of valid pixels Standard deviation of values Temporal smoothing technique Slope of trend line of values When the maximum value occurs When the minimum value occurs Various image processing functions Pixel algebra on one or more images Compress images to reduce overall size Extract a window out of an image Max Min or average spatial filter for smoothing Subtract one image from another Create a new blank image Paste one image on top of another Fill image pixels within map polygon boundaries Combine a series of images into a single image Extract statistics from images for map features Maximum value Minimum value Average value Median value Standard deviation of values Range of values Number of valid pixels View Edit an image header View and edit an image header Change a single value in an image header Set upper and lower threshold for valid image values 51 SEDI Automatic Assisted Step 1 Ratio File Step 2 Grid Step 3 Image Import IDA Luts Ascii Image Binary Image Erdas Image Erdas Trailer Idrisi Image Idrisi Vector Surfer Grid Surfer Plot ArcView Shape Export Ascii Image Binary Image Erdas Image Idrisi Image Idrisi Vector Surfer Grid Surfer Blank ArcView Shape Reproject Window menu Cas
107. n of Pinatubo File list used is the following Color table used Image obtained From To Red Green Blue Color Legend al 5 8 0 kt 15 150 0 1 0 1 5 i 0 0 0 15 20 4 5 0 0 0 20 25 0 1 5 0 0 0 1 g 12 The command Decloud is an interpolation procedure used to eliminate the interference caused by clouds in NDVI images To apply this command you must supply WinDisp 4 0 with the name of a filelist containing names of three NDVI images the second image is the one to be corrected the first and third are reference images that cannot contain clouds at least in the area to be analyzed You must also supply a percentage of negative deviation 10 is used by default This means that if a pixel value in the second image deviates more than 10 from the average of the corresponding pixels of the first and third then the pixel value of the second image will be replaced by this average In the following examples the clouds of image DV97041 can be eliminated by interpolation of images DV97033 and DV97042 34 1 DV97033 y The image resulting from interpolation The file list used List Builder CLOUD MEE File Rows Cols Filenames Help The Slope command is used to determine the slope of the values of each pixel in a series of images The example below applies this to a series of NDVI images For the Slope command you must enter a multiplication factor which increases the precision of the result For example
108. nal kilometres pixel dy nominal kilometres pixel Spheroid Clarke 1866 Eq radius 6 378 206 4m Polar radius 6 356 583 8m Lambert Azimuthal dx meters pixel dy meters pixel 99 Spheroid Sphere of radius 6 370 997 meters Albers Equal Area Conic dx meters pixel dy meters pixel Spheroid Clarke 1866 Eq radius 6 378 206 4m Polar radius 6 356 583 8m Goodes Homolosine dx meters pixel dy meters pixel Spheroid Sphere of radius 6 370 997 meters parallel1 parallel2 The standard parallels are used by the Lambert Conformal Conic projection and Albers Equal Area Conic lower The lower limit for valid image data to be used in processing range 0 255 Only available for image type 200 upper The upper limit for valid image data to be used in processing range 0 255 Only available for image type 200 missing Value to assign to all values falling outside the lower upper limits range 0 255 Only available for image type 200 m Slope for converting pixel counts to real world values y mx b Only available for image type 200 b Intercept for converting pixel counts to real world values y mx b Only available for image type 200 decimal The number of decimal places to use in Process Stats Only available for image type 200 Remark For further information please refer to the user manual IDA for DOS v 4 2 Image display and analysis FAO 1996 SD GCP INT 578 NET
109. nd is therefore outside of the specified coordinates If the text is associated with a range of colors the text is placed at the center of that range To place text at the beginning of a range add a row to the color table before the row containing that range The From and To values should be set to the first value of the range and the Key should contain the text you want to print For example From To Red Green Blue Key 0 0 0 255 255 First 0 81 0 255 255 82 82 0 255 0 Second 82 254 0 255 0 255 255 128 128 128 Water White space can be left around the edges of an image to make room to place the colorbar with Options Define Window Size Draw Bitmap Purpose Display a bitmap at a specific location Parameters Bitmap name Coordinates or use cursor Remarks A bitmap is displayed starting at the coordinates supplied or where the cursor is clicked When moving a cursor a box shows the size and location of the bitmap to be displayed Draw Map Point Draw Map Line Draw Map Region Purpose Digitize a point line or region polygon on screen 72 Parameters Draw Map Point Map file Point color Point size Point symbol Primary feature name Secondary feature name Append if file exists y n Coordinates or use cursor Parameters Draw Map Line Region Map file Line color Line style Primary feature name Secondary feature name Append if file exists y n Coordinates or use cursor Remarks This function
110. nge image display up down left or right Move up the image 3 4ths the height of the window Move down the image 3 4ths the height of the window Move left in the image 3 4ths the window of the window Move right in the image 3 4ths the width of the window Display a graph of the specified type Time series for pixels selected by the cursor Tabular data for map features selected by the cursor Histogram of image pixel values Redraw the active window One or more points 49 Line Region Box Text Fill Labels Legend From Existing File Equal Intervals Unique Values Percentiles Quartiles Logarithmic Colorbar Bitmap Map Point Line Region Batch menu Record Play Debug Stop Edit Variable Set Prompt List If Begin Else End For Begin Each End A line with 2 or more vertices A close polygon A rectangle which may be filled Text of a specified font and color Fill a polygon rectangle etc Map feature names A legend A legend created from an existing colortable or legend file Create a legend with equal intervals Create a legend with unique values from the map data file Create a legend using percentile classes Create a legend with quartile 4 intervals Create a legend with logarithmic intervals A colorbar created from an existing colortable A bitmap Digitize a point line or region polygon on the screen Digitize a point on the screen Digitize a line on the screen Digitize a region pol
111. nput SURFER grid file from step 2 Output image file Background image Positive or negative relationship P N Image type Slope Intercept Process Import Ida Luts Purpose Convert IDA lookup table to WinDisp color table Parameters Lut name Pal name optional Color table name Remarks IDA uses a file called a lookup table or LUT for determining which of the 16 EGA colors to apply to which ranges of pixel counts when displaying an image An IDA palette or PAL was used to modify those 16 colors In WinDisp the lookup table palette and legend keys are all combined in an ASCII file called a color table This command is used to convert IDA lookup tables into WinDisp color tables See Color tables for a description of what a color table consists of 87 Process Import Ascii Image Purpose Import ASCII text file as an image Parameters Ascii image to import IDA image to create Image width Image height Remarks Several programs such as IDRISI can work with raster images in ASCII text format Raster ASCII files are easily imported into spreadsheet programs as well This function converts ASCII text files into IDA image files The ASCII pixel values should be in the range 0 255 All pixels should be space delimited Process Import Binary Image Purpose Import raw binary 8 bit or 16 bit image Parameters Raw 8 bit image to import IDA image to create Image width Image height Header size if exists on th
112. o result automatically in a ratio of zero In most cases this result is satisfactory but a user might want to change that to a low value e g 1 to make rainfall estimates higher than zero in the vicinity of a rainfall station for which the value is zero 42 Sample output file 31 32 17 78 1 0950704 Arcturus 31 1000000 28 4000000 30 40 17 32 2 5000000 Banket 108 0000000 43 2000000 30 85 18 27 1 6333333 Beatrice 78 4000000 48 0000000 30 00 22 22 0 1310680 Beitbridge 5 4000000 41 2000000 27 33 17 62 0 4527027 Binga 20 1000000 44 4000000 31 58 21 02 0 3145161 Buffalo range 7 8000000 24 8000000 31 43 19 32 0 9695946 Buhera 28 7000000 29 6000000 Step 2 Creating a regularly spaced grid from the ratios The second step is to create a grid from the irregularly spaced ratios The ratio grid is created with the inverse distance method with a weighting power of 2 The software allows the user to set The distance between the grid lines A small distance creates an accurate dense grid while a high value creates a coarse less accurate and more general grid The number of stations per gridpoint determines the number of stations included in the calculation of a point in the grid matrix The maximum radius for interpolation determines whether a value is calculated for a point in the grid matrix If the number of stations around this gridpoint within this radius is higher than the specified number of stations a value is calcula
113. ocess stats With the Process Stats menu you can extract statistics for points and polygons within the images The results will be in the form of an ASCII table which can be used to present the data in the form of a graph section 2 7 4 The following commands are available Max Maximum value Min Minimum value Average Average value Median Median value Stddev Standard deviation of values Range Range of values Count Number of valid pixels between the maximum and minimum thresholds in a polygon The example described in the next two paragraphs analyzes the average of NDVI images from the first dekad of April 1997 to the third dekad of November 1997 in the agricultural regions of the Sahel The statistics are extracted for the provinces of Burkina Faso In order to obtain a point of comparison for the analysis of data obtained for 1997 the same analysis is conducted on NDVI images 16 years covering the same period 37 All of the other analyses available in this menu can be done in the STA o same way as the an alysis for File list of image names d fao analysis ndvi97 LST El E averaging Map file d fao analysis bkfad1 BNA El Stats file for results d fao analysis ndvi97 STA eal A dialog box similar to the one Window around points 1 3 5 7 9 1 shown at the right will appear when Process Stats is run Save parameters Help The following parameters must be supplied A File list of image names You m
114. of blue on all or on a selection of lines Blue to Green to Red Create a gradation of colors going from blue through green to red on all or on a selection of lines Mixed Palette Create a series of mixed colors based on the 16 EGA color scheme on all or on a selection of lines Clear Clear all colors and set to 0 0 0 black on all or on a selection of lines Help Call this help file Options Edit Legend File Purpose Create Edit Save a legend file Parameters Legend Type Nr of Categories Color Scheme Legend Range Legend Title optional Data Min optional Data Max optional Text color optional Font optional Remarks This function open the legend file editor dialog box The menu options are described below The sub menus for this function allow the user to select the type of legend the color scheme and the desired class limits as well as the number of classes to use options vary by legend type If an incorrect or blank value is entered WinDisp 4 0 will use the default values Menu File New Create a new legend file Open Open an existing legend file specifying path and file name Save Save the legend file with the existing name Save As Save the legend file with a new name Exit Exit the Edit File legend menu and return to the main menu Help Open the help file dealing with legend files 78 Options Define Window Size Purpose Define a default sub window size or maximize Parameters Maximize window Y or N
115. ollowing Process Series single column for image names row names not used Process Stats single column for image names row names used as table fields File Open Film single column for names of bitmaps row names used as title bar captions View Graph Image Series multiple columns for image names row names used as X axis labels View Graph Map Data single column for statistics filenames row names used as curve labels Consult Chapter 3 for more details concerning these functions To create a file list directly inside a batch use the command Batch Build List A special dialog box has been created List Builder new OF x to facilitate creating and editing these File Rows Cols Filenames Help M A file lists By clicking on the browse button of any dialog box the file list editor appears for each parameter requiring Need afi 997 de97052 af C a file list zAccd_af 19974 dc97053 af z4ccd_af 19971dc97061 af z4ccd_af 19974 dc97062 af zAced_af 19974 dc97063 af zAced_af 19974 dc97071 af zAced_af 19974 dc97072 af A File list editor Menu File New Create a new empty list with number of rows and columns defined Open Open an existing file list Save Save the active list in the active file list Save As Save the active list in a new file list Exit Close the window for creating lists 32 Rows Edit names Edit names of rows Stop Edit Names Exit the editor Add Add empty rows to the list Remove Remo
116. or the File Save As command D RED GREEN and BLUE fields The RED GREEN and BLUE fields allow you to define the intensity of each primary color from 0 to 255 in order to set the color that will be associated with each class of image values With the color table editor the values can be changed directly in the table allowing you to see the result of the combination of the three colors in the Colors column The new table can then be saved using the File Save or File Save As commands E Colors The color corresponding to the combination of intensities of the three primary colors is presented in this column Clicking on the color will open a window containing the 16 standard EGA colors Clicking on one of the standard colors will automatically replace the old color of the table and the intensity values will be adapted The new table can be saved with File Save or File Save As F LEGEND field The LEGEND field is an optional text field which can be displayed next to the colors in the legend 2 4 6 Creating a legend using legend files Legend files are used to control and customize the parameters used for the automatic generation of map legends These are ASCII files and can be created using the legend file editor described below Legend definition files are language independent and can once created can be used with WinDisp 4 0 operating in any language The file format consists of a both numeric and alpha numeric values though only th
117. pixel in the input image and all of its neighbors is calculated The number of neighbors to include is determined by the filter width A filter width of 3 will include the pixel and its eight nearest neighbors defined by a 3x3 pixel box around the pixel 81 In the case of classified images in which a pixel value represent a class a median filter should be the only one used to maintain the spatial integrity and validity of each class in the filtered image Process Images Difference Purpose Subtract one image from another Parameters First image A B Second image A B Image to create Remarks Sutracting one image from another is a very useful way to compare two images For instance you can compare current vegetation conditions with previous conditions This function subtracts the second image from the first image and rescales the result to fit in 8 bits 0 255 according to the equation 256 A B 2 In the output image if count 128 there is no difference if count gt 128 then the first image has a higher value than the second image and vice versa For quick visual comparisons File Open Image to display difference images on the fly Process Images New Purpose Create a new blank image Parameters New image to create Width of image Height of image Base value 0 255 Remarks New allows the user to create a new image and specify the initial size and base value This command is used to create a blank image for Proce
118. rameters None Remarks This is a simple way to re display the entire image or bitmap after zooming View Zoom Feature Purpose Zoom in on a selected map feature overlayed on an image or bitmap Parameters None Remarks Select a feature on a map that is overlayed on an image and zoom in to that feature If map coordinates have been specified for a bitmap and a map has been overlayed this feature can be used for zooming in on bitmaps as well View Zoom Lat Long Purpose Zoom in on an image or bitmap to an area specified by latitude longitude Parameters Starting lat Starting long Ending lat Ending long Remarks If you have a very specific region that you wish to display and you know the lat long coordinates of the region you can specify them here and zoom an image to display only that location If map coordinates have been specified when displaying a bitmap this feature will work on bitmaps as well 64 View Pan Up View Pan Down View Pan Left View Pan Right Purpose Change the selected location within an image and redraw Parameters None Remarks If the currently active window is displaying an image these functions will change the image display parameters X1 Y1 X2 and Y2 to shift the image in the direction specified by 3 4 of the width or height of the image The entire window will then be redrawn These functions are not available from projects or batch files View Graph Image Series Purpose Gr
119. re displayed when the users click on the command button for these fields If the user specified values are completely outside the actual data range an error message will appear The options available for the color scheme are listed when the corresponding command button is activated The legend class limits can be shown in FULL indicating the upper and lower limits of the class eg 50 to 100 or UPPER indicating the data are above the starting value for each class eg gt 50 Draw Legend Logarithmic Purpose Draw a legend with logarithmic intervals based on the minimum and maximum data values in the map dataset unless the minimum and maximum values are otherwise specified by the user Parameters Number of classes 2 255 Minimum value Maximum value Color Scheme Legend Range 1 Full or 2 Upper Text Font Text Color Coordinates or use cursor Remarks This function allow users to draw a legend with logarithmic intervals The number of classes can be between 2 and 255 default value 10 The user can specify maximum and minimum values which are different from the actual map dataset maximum and minimum which are displayed when the users click on the command button for these fields If the user specified values are completely outside the actual data range an error message will appear The options available for the color scheme are listed when the corresponding command button is activated The le
120. reate the image list every time a new image is added See File name list files for more information on how to create a list of image files for this function View Graph Map Data Purpose Graph tabular data for map features Parameters List of stats tables 65 New In WinDisp 4 0 the graphs produced using this function can be saved as bitmaps using the File Save Bitmap function Each image and or map window can have an associated graph window and graphs can be annotated using the Draw menu functions Remarks This function is used to display a graph of data values from a table where the first column of the data table contains names of map features that match the feature names in a map that has already been displayed If image statistics for map features have been extracted with Process Stats the resulting tables can be viewed with File Open Table and graphed with this function To select a row from the table s to graph click on a map feature on a previously displayed map The row s in the table s with the same row name as the selected feature name will be graphed Multiple curves can be graphed from multiple tables as specified in the list of table names The graph is displayed in the lower right corner of the main window at the default window size set by Options Define Window Size but can be moved resized or even tiled with Window Tile Vertically or Window Tile Horizontally The tables should be quote comma delimited ASCII file
121. risi Vectra ia os 56 File Retrieve Idrisi Vector coccion taaan lab altas rr bas 56 File Open Eras MA tease hice aes ec es ates esl nal aie priest ee eben 57 File Retrieve Erdas Mago Inser rE ENEE T AEREN 57 File OpenvArelinto EN a a a A a es dk EA aaa 58 File Retrieve Arclnfo Gen oocccccccinncccnncccconccononnn nana crac cnn 58 File Open ArcView Shape coooocinccconcccconcconocinnncnnnnn crac cnn 59 File Retrieve ArcView Shape ooconcicinncconncconnccnnnncconccccnrnnn nan 59 File NON Pre iE E A T R NAA cone sabe ue oats 59 File Neo Bit ap ll e cs sla ge 59 El CANA Td comme a eo rererrrrct Tre rarer a a mr rereeerecr ree are er 59 PISO IOS C45 csc asian ta ts Urea at ee arose A teeta ra sao cages evcies aust Noel ae cag ee estes ome calc 60 File Close Allp ii A ad aos 60 File Save Projet A A wai i 60 File Save Bitmap 00 A diet eed elated die 60 Filo Save TeX A e E as 60 File Print Current Window oocconccconnccnnncconnccon conca nccconcc cnn 61 File Print All Windows renane did 61 File Print S tupi c cv sceunig have iti ene et Meee ed ted Meee ed eed net dada 61 Pile RUM ci evden aae tana ado cd ene a aeaa en en ae eee 61 File Edi A A Ian 62 34 Edit MNU aaneen E aN EE A ENE ina be E 62 Edit UNA O a a aaaea a aaa O 62 Edit CUT sent eea dao alo a ae 62 Edit COPY iii A Aa 62 Edit Paste ci lc 63 Edit Delete rianan a a Na a NAA A oi 63 3 5 View MENU a e N a N E N 63 VIEW LOOMA M a aia aiana AA Al 63 View Zoom OUt eia e aa da 63
122. rocess Export Ascii Image Purpose Export image to ASCII text file Parameters IDA image to export ASCII image to create Remarks Several programs such as IDRISI can work with raster images in ASCII text format Raster ASCII files are easily imported into spreadsheet programs as well This function converts IDA image files to ASCII text files Each pixel is represented by a 3 character number in the range 0 255 seperated by a space Each line of data is seperated by an end of line marker lt CR gt lt LF gt If the ASCII file is to be 91 used with a program with a 256 characters line limitation the image file should be no more than 64 pixels wide Process Export Binary Image Purpose Export image to raw binary 8 bit image Parameters IDA image to export Raw 8 bit image to create Remarks Many raster data files contain just raw data without any attached headers Headers can be added or stripped off of 8 bit data with these functions This function merely creates an 8 bit binary data file without the IDA header When exporting an 8 bit image to another system care must be taken to apply the correct scaling factors if necessary in order to maintain the correct values for the image These parameters slope m and intercept b can often be obtained from the WinDisp image header using the Process Header Edit function If specialized formats are being exported i e ARTEMIS type 13 the scaling factors m and b for the di
123. rom the use of the software or for any problems encountered while using the software 2 Data used in this manual were obtained from official and unofficial sources The designations employed and the presentation of the material and maps in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country territory city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries Table of contents Page A AS OO 7 1 1 General description of WinDisp 4 0 oooonnccinncncnniccnonccnnocnnonccn conc c corn cn narran cnc 7 1 2 History Of WINDISP cocos 7 1 3 About this Manual 9 1 4 Additional FESDUICES ocoictoc eden eeeined adie tenn del nen anda A NEEN Ee 9 1 5 Installing WinDisp Version 4 0 oo eee cece ee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaaeeeeeeaaeeeeeeaaeeeeeeaaeeeeneaeeeeeeaeeeeseaas 9 2 Working With WinDiSp 4 0 csecccceseeeeeeeenee seen ence seen seen rr 11 2T BURONS scPa eer eS sa eu cae seven ta eden ees Sansa adic te vata hc AASA AET HASRA REA EA AANA SAARA ARASA AE SE ARSA AA AAPEA AASE 12 EL DIAIOG TOG Son Te 12 DIAS DA ee cee emer SER a a etree ae ee 14 274 Displa yim iMfOrrnaAatln sia secs AAA 15 2 4 1 Selecting and using display WINGOWS cc ccceeeeeseeeeeeeeceeeeeceaeeesaaeeeaaeeeeeeeseaeeesaeeeeaaeeeneees 15 2 4 2 Changing the display for images and bitm
124. s from a range of parameters This is typically adapted to the selection of images map layers and data fields within a project Batch see Section 2 6 a batch file contains the executed functions and allows automatic retrieval of specific routines The panel of functions includes the ability to use if then statements for next loops go to labels and substitution of variables Important You will find all the files used to illustrate this chapter in the accompanying users support manual This will allow you to reproduce examples identical to these in order to clearly understand how WinDisp 4 0 opertates Be careful however to copy the necessary files in the correct place on your hard disc or to adapt the instructions to allow adequate access to the particular directory path 11 2 1 Buttons The most current functions are directly accessible by using the buttons above the main window Of the following functions only the first three are available by default the others appear when a window in opened EF e Ba 99 Vv DIAS A BC D E F G H I J K LM N O A Open project To open a project in a new window B Open image To display an image in a new window C View map To display a map in the active window or to superimpose a map onto an image a bitmap or a map already displayed in the active window D Print To print the contents of the active window E Cut To cut a portion of graphics or text and to copy it to the clipboard F
125. s parameters F OK Cancel When all the parameters have been entered click OK to execute the function or Cancel to abort the execution 13 2 3 Status bar The status bar situated under the principal window shows information about the image or the map in the window As seen in the illustration below five boxes of the status bar are reserved for the following information the co ordinates of the screen for the place where the cursor is located seen in this image as a white point 272 460 the co ordinates of the image for the place where the cursor is located 585 989 the values of the longitude and latitude for the place where the cursor is located 22 69 30 95 the value of the pixel for the place where the cursor is located 18 00 the name of the cartographic feature selected a selected area appears in red on the screen South Africa 272 460 595 999 2269 3095 18 00 South Africa 14 2 4 Displaying information In order to illustrate the first three sections of this chapter a simple and concrete example will be given It entails preparing and presenting a bitmap of Mali from a satellite image covering all of Africa All the manipulations of the image in this example can be saved in the form of a batch file see Section 2 6 which allows you to retrieve it automatically 2 4 1 Selecting and using display windows To open an image a map bitmap or text you have a choice of File commands File Op
126. s the req file in the input directory deletes it and deletes the Ick file in the output directory signifying that it has completed execution The Interval parameter specifies how often WinDisp 4 0 should poll the input directory to check for Ick and req files 3 9 Process menu Process Series Purpose Image time series statistics for each pixel in the images Parameters File list of image names Image to create 79 Remarks The following is a list of the time series statistics that can be calculated Max Maximum value Min Minimum value Avg Average value Median Median value Range Range of values Sum Sum of values Count Number of valid pixels Stddev Standard deviation of values Decloud Temporal smoothing technique Slope Slope of trend line of values MaxDate When the maximum value occurs MinDate When the minimum value occurs Some of these functions require additional parameters as well See File name list files for more information 2 7 1 on how to create a list of image names for this function Process Images Algebra Purpose Pixel algebra on one or more images Parameters Equation Image to create Remarks If the commands available in Process Images and Process Series aren t sufficient for your needs you can write your own algebraic expression evaluate on a pixel by pixel basis on series of images This function is used to perform simple algebraic and logic functions on any number of images It was
127. s with field names in the first row and row names in the first column that match map feature names The y axis range is determined by the range of all values in the listed tables The series of tables are extracted from a file name list file Multiple curves can be displayed by creating several rows of table names in the list file up to 15 rows The row names in the first column will be used as curve labels in the graph legend See File name list files 2 7 1 for more information on how to create a list of stats tables for this function View Graph Histogram Purpose Graph the histogram of image pixel values Parameters Image file Difference image file New In WinDisp 4 0 the graphs produced using this function can be saved as bitmaps using the File Save Bitmap function Each image and or map window can have an associated graph window and graphs can be annotated using the Draw menu functions Remarks This is a simple utility for displaying a bar graph of the number of pixels in each of the 256 possible pixel counts with an image or in the difference between 2 images View Redraw Purpose Redraw the current window Parameters None Remarks All layers displayed in the active window will be redrawn This is most often used when the size of the active window is changed The zoom factor of any images or maps will be re calculated so that they still fit the window 66 3 6 Draw menu Draw Point Purpose Draw one or
128. saved in a batch file to be used later The batch file is written in ASCII text format and can be easily edited Variables if then statements for next loops and goto label jumps can be used in a batch file 2 6 1 Creating and using batch files To create a batch file select Batch Record from the menu You will be asked to give a filename to the batch file After this each WinDisp 4 0 command that you execute will be saved to the batch file When you are finished recording select Batch Stop in the menu These commands can now be executed again by selecting Batch Play and specifying the name of the file To see what the batch file looks like and to make changes to it use Batch Edit Batch Variable Prompt onako name Konn If you want to execute the Hd eiii commands one at a time use Default value optional Batch Debug with this option you can also change parameters in each step before executing them See the example at the left Save parameters Help 2 6 2 Batch file format The basic format for a command in a batch file is Function Parameters where Function is the menu command and Parameters are the parameters associated with this command The Parameters are listed separated by commas in the same order as in the dialog box corresponding to the menu command For example a command to display an image might look like this File Open Image c ccd_af 1997 Dc97073 af c data projects c clr 88 174
129. scription title image_type projection height width lat_center long_center x_center y_center dx dy parallel1 parallel2 lower upper missing m b decimals Process Threshold Purpose Set upper and lower threshold for valid image values Parameters Lower threshold 0 255 Upper threshold 0 255 of pixels in polygon 50 Remarks Thresholds are used by all Process Images Algebra Process Images Filter Process Series and Process Stats functions to determine which pixel counts are valid to include in processing In a generic image all possible pixel counts 0 255 are included in the processing functions grouped under the processing menu For other image types certain pixel counts are excluded from certain functions In FEWS NDVI images for instance use counts O and 1 to store cloud masks so the thresholds are set automatically to 2 255 The cloud pixels are excluded during processing IDA automatically sets default thresholds for each image type prior to processing If the thresholds set by the THRESHOLD function are 0 0 then the defaults are used otherwise the user defined thresholds are used WARNING Once the thresholds are set they will be used throughout the rest of the current WinDisp session If the thresholds are saved to the ini file then they will be used in all successive WinDisp sessions as well As a precaution the thresholds should always be reset to 0 0 after processing When filtering a FEWS NDVI
130. ss Images Paste and Process Images Map Base value is the value you want all the pixels of the new image to be initialized to Height and Width of image are the height and width in pixels you want the image to be If you wish to set projection and value scaling information to the image use Process Header Edit or Process Header Change Value Process Images Paste Purpose Paste one image on top of another Parameters Image to paste Existing image to paste into Remarks If you have several small images over different areas that you wish to combine into a large image you can use Paste First create a blank image of the total area with Process Images New and edit the header as appropriate with Process Header Edit or Process Header Change Value to set the projection parameters Make sure that the sub images will fall entirely within the larger image Then run paste to paste the smaller images on top of the larger image 82 Process Images Map Purpose Fill image pixels within map polygon boundaries Parameters Map file Existing image to paste map into Remarks Map can be used to fill polygons on an image based on a map file If the primary labels in the map file are numbers between 0 and 255 then the polygon will be filled with that value otherwise they will be filled with 255 This is essentially a vector to raster conversion First create a blank image of the total area with Process Images New and edit the header as appropriate wit
131. st Builder CCD List Builder NDVI d facimage dv97041 af d faoimage dv 97042 af d faoimage de97052 af d faoimage dc97053 af d Maoimage de97061 at d faoimage dc97062 af d faoimage dc97093 af d faoimage dc97101 af d faoimage5dw97101 af d faoimage dc97102 af d faoimage dv971 02 af d faoimage de97103 af d faoimage dv97103 af d faoimage dc97111 af d faoimage dv97111 af d faoimage dce97112 af d faocimage dv97112 af d facimage dv97113 af The color tables used to open images resulting from these analyses consult section 2 4 5 for details on color tables aie de Ee eh ot all a eee PAE a E 0 0 0 D oi 0 b D 9 Color Table DATE Color table PIXEL 150 Color Table SLOPE adapted by a multiplication factor 1 The type of images and the color table used for these analyses are indicated under each image 36 Maximum Minimum Average Images NDVI Color Table V Images NDVI Color Table V Images NDVI Color Table V multiplication factor 0 042 Count Pixels Slope Images NDVI Color Table V Images CCD Color Table C Images NDVI Color Table PIXEL Sum Date of Maximum Date of Minimum Images NDVI Color Table SLOPE Images CCD Color Table DATE Images CCD Color Table DATE Slope multiplication factor 1 2 7 3 Pr
132. t describe the feature For a point the number is 1 For a line the number is 1 times the number of line segment endpoints in the feature For a polygon the number is the number of endpoints 1 For a polygon the last point is the same as the first point Each line following the feature name line should contain the longitude comma latitude for an endpoint in decimal degrees After the last endpoint a new feature may be started Limitations are 1 100 endpoints per feature 3 000 endpoints per file and 200 features per file The following is an example of a map file with one point one line and one polygon The following are the basic models of the formats required for the point line and polygon files point name 1 point name 2 1 1 00 1 00 line name 1 line name 2 3 1 00 1 00 1 00 2 00 2 00 3 00 polygon name 1 polygon name 2 5 1 00 1 00 1 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 The following city map for Burkina Faso is an example of a point file Ouahigouya Burkina Faso 1 2 33 13 52 Ouagadougou Burkina Faso 1 1 67 12 33 Koudougou Burkina Faso 1 2 38 12 25 Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso 1 4 30 11 18 The following river map for Burkina Faso is an example of a line file 1 Perennial river 6 1 878 11 336 1 908 11 384 1 902 11 430 1 887 11 436 1 862 11 445 1 804 11 439 1 Perennial river 84 2 081 14 007 2 068 13 707 etc The following island
133. t Idrisi Vector iii ii 93 Process Export S rfer Grid asisto dia ii bales 93 Process Export Surfer Blank ooooonncoconncccnncconononnncccnnnnconarcn nc 93 Process Export ArcView Shape ocomcinccccicccnnoninononcnoncccconncn nora cnc 94 A ies ages ies cadens Ea rA pArA aR AEA DATATA nAn KIEA Daia AARE EAr AATA RA AATA AAE AR 94 3 10 IMINAOW MENU da 94 WindOW CasCade tacon ada td dada aida 94 Window THile Horizontally oc arias 95 Windows Tile Vertical lille lea 95 Window Arrange OS e SUL 95 Window Seloctiisi dt e a o ll 95 Window DEMOS Availabe e el 96 Sel Ve Help Mens ll 96 Help Contents Risto e le 96 HAD e al as 96 Ed TOMAS EAN OE TN 97 Ade MAGS MeS ia de aida 97 4 1 1 Image header toma re anti lata 97 4 1 2 Description of the image header items ooooonnccccnnnncicinnnoccccnnnocccnnnrrc cnn noc cnn cnn rc 98 4 1 3 Characteristics of the different type of images supported by WinDisp 4 0 n 100 42 Color TADIOS ico ld lid ada aaae daai a dla adidas 101 A 1c nee eer ere AEA E PEET TEE EE EIEE e eter e er err reer TEN rere ETET 101 BA MADE A A EEE LAE RREA RERE 102 O ARARA BATARE CAIRIA A AARE AEA E AIR cerry er cree 103 AG HOXE A A E A EE 103 o FPE EUIS e E E E E E N AEE TA EE TEE E ET E T TET 103 AB a a ATES TEENE T EOE E IEN TETE TENE E TTET I TANE AE TTT 103 49 PrOjOCt INOS EEE PTEE TTE AE E EPE E T L AA ET E IENA INTET 103 1 Introduction This manual was developed to accompany the multilingual version of the PC b
134. tatistics include Max Maximum value Min Minimum value Avg Average value Median Median value Stddev Standard deviation of values Range Range of values Count Number of pixels in a polygon within thresholds For a series of points or polygons spatial statistics for those features are extracted from a series of images and the results stored in a tabular ASCII file The points and polygons are read in from a map file All images in the series should have the same header window and projection parameters because the map masks pixels to extract statistics from are only calculated for the first image See File name list files for more information on how to create a list of image names for this function The stats file stores the results in quote comma delimited ASCII format one map feature per line statistics from one image per column The first row contains field names that are derived from the first column in each row of the file list Each row starts with the feature name derived from the map file followed by one value from each image in the file list Up to 36 statistics up to 255 characters total can be stored on one line The extracted statistics can be viewed with any ASCII editor spreadsheet or database application or with the internal viewer available from File Open Table The values from a specific column can be used to shade a map with File Open Map or File Retrieve Map The values can be overlayed on a map with Draw Labels Tim
135. ted Otherwise the gridpoint is assigned a missing value and the resulting image will be empty at that particular point Step 3 Creating the SEDI image The third step is to create the SEDI image The process is simple By multiplying the grid obtained in Step 2 by the background image an estimate of the interpolated value to interpolate is obtained For the rainfall and CCD data a rainfall image is obtained by multiplying the values of the ratio grid by the values of the CCD image Some remarks concerning the image created The SEDI image has the same width height and pixel size as the background image For a grid that has been created with Surfer pixels falling outside the grid boundaries will be assigned a missing value The extent of the grid is determined while creating it in Surfer In this case the grid automatically covers the whole image due to the use of the IGT a supplied program see the information below gridding routine Pixels that were missing in the background image will have a missing value in the SEDI image as well Pixels that have a calculated value that falls outside the defined data range in this case 0 253 will be assigned missing values Automated processing The command Process SEDI Automatic can be used to perform all three steps at once The command Process SEDI Assisted also performs the three steps automatically and it also estimates values for most of the parameters The estimated values are sa
136. ter of a layer contains a variable a dialog box appears in which you enter the values for the variable When all the desired layers have been selected click on the Display button If several windows are open at the time you can select the display window in several ways you can click on the desired window before selecting the layers and then display the layers in this active window or you can click on the desired window through the selection bar at the top of the project window A new window can be created with the New button 2 5 4 Editing a project Projects can be edited in two ways A knowledgeable user can open a project as an ASCII text file with the Windows Notepad or with File Open Text within WinDisp 4 0 and make changes in the ASCII text file An open project can be edited directly To change the parameters in a layer double click on the layer graphic in the project box The dialog box of that layer will appear and you can make the necessary changes there To delete a layer simply click on that layer and press the Delete key To add a layer open the project window and perform the desired functions from the menu or the button bar Do not forget to save the project if you make changes 2 5 5 Saving a project When a project has been created it can be saved with the File Save Project menu option You will be asked to supply a name for the file preferably with a prj extension 25 The layer descriptors functions and para
137. the dimensions that you specify to write text or to color an object or a feature The Draw Labels command allows you to write the names of the cartographic features on an image in the font and color you choose The text will appear in the center of the object The command Draw Legend allows you to draw the os legend in the font and color you choose The location 7 Light and size of the legend can be determined using the cursor See the example at the right E Medium El This diagram also shows an example of a special E Heavy legend format A classic legend is available by default by using the Options Show Legend command and E No clouds O Medium al setting the map and image legend to 0 al Sparse a OOM Water O Light ll Wat E Heavy The Draw Color Bar command allows you to draw a color bar and choose the font and color of the text You can see which colors are associated with the values of an image It reproduces graphically the size of the classes of image values and the corresponding colors 16 The location and the size of the color bar can be determined using the cursor See the two examples at a an the right The text viewed is situated in the legend field of the color bar see section 2 4 5 To improve the Heavy presentation it may be necessary to adapt the contents of this field to your needs for example substituting the description attached to the pixel values as shown in the example to the right
138. then re draw each window or open a series of new windows tile them and then retrieve the files into the windows Window Arrange Icons Purpose Arrange all icons across the bottom of the main window Parameters None Remarks This is a little used function However it is useful if you have a whole bunch of windows open and minimized and they are overlapped Arrange them so that you can see each individual icon Window Select Purpose Select a window to make the current window Parameters Number of window to select Remarks Each window displayed has a caption in it s title bar that begins with a number Use that number in Window Select to make that window the active window for displaying files etc This function is most useful when combined with Window Define in a batch file for displaying an image time series Note that you can also make a window the active window by clicking anywhere on the window You can also make the window active by selecting a window from the list shown in the Window menu 95 Window Define Purpose Open and tile multiple windows within the main window Parameters Number of windows across Number of windows down Remarks Define and display a series of windows across and down The windows are tiled to fit the main window This function is useful for displaying image time series for comparative analysis Use Window Select to select an active window to retrieve files into The File Print All function
139. tion Raster Administrative Level 1 Roads Railroads Cities Population Data UNEP GRID Data AGDAT Data 86 90 Agriculture Data Crop Data Livestock Data Crop Main Zones Crop All Zones 2 5 1 Creating a project To create a new project use the command File New Project from the menu You will be able to select layers using the commands File Retrieve and put them in a file To add a layer from the Draw menu you will have to furnish the coordinates using the dialog box You will be asked to give a key word or descriptor to identify each layer you add to the project file A check box will appear in the project window with the new descriptor and a box to select the next layer If the active window is the display window the new layer will be drawn Otherwise you can select the layer and click the Draw command to see the new layer Values and descriptors can be deleted from the list by selecting them and pressing the Delete key You must then confirm if you want to delete that item from the list After all the desired layers have been added save the project using File Save Project The contents of the project will be saved in the form of an ASCII text file 2 5 2 Using variables When adding or editing a project layer you may want to allow the selection of a parameter or part of parameter from a list of possible choices To do this you can include a variable in the parameter 24 The name of the variable must be de
140. tion will display these names at the centroids of the features Alternatively you can specify a field in a quote comma delimited ASCII table where the feature names are in the first column and the values in the selected field associated with the map features will be displayed instead Draw Legend From Existing File Purpose Draw a legend using a color table or using the parameters specified in a legend file Parameters Color table or legend file Text font Text color Coordinates or use cursor Remarks A legend shows the colors used to display an image or mapped data The colors are stored in a color table file or in the case of map data can be based upon the parameters specified in a legend file Legends are good for displaying colors either when the dataset contains few values or when only a few colors are assigned to ranges of values If there are many colors in the color table you may prefer to draw a colorbar with Draw Colorbar By default WinDisp 4 0 automatically displays legends to the right of an image or map Many users may wish to either display no legend at all or to place the legend in a different position The default legend function can be turned in Options Display The legend can be positioned manually with the cursor or automatically by including coordinates in the Options Dialog Box The specified region is filled top to bottom and left to right If the specified region is not high enough to fit all legend items
141. ucing plants for the province of Borgou is not known 9999 this province has no color in the display If a certain area of a map has not been colored in the cause should be verified It may be due to a difference in font between the object in the map file and that in the data file PROD TOTAL 000 T M5tos B 9to12 J 12to16 MB 16to19 F 19to23 The tables just as their fields can be linked to variables in the project files prj as you can see in the following project extracted from the example given in Section 2 5 7 Parameters Title Cultivation Data AGDAT File Retrieve Map c data maps ben benad1 bna 0 1 c data agdat ben ben Cultivated dat Info Variables Cultivated Total oil producing plants t05 Fonio 011 Info Production total 000 T Total Prod 000 T Production per capita kg per Prod per capita kg per 18 Yield kg ha Yield kg ha Cult Area Total Area pct Cult Area Total Area pct Harvested area ha Harvested Area ha 2 4 5 Creating a legend using color tables Color tables are used to transpose the values of the image pixels DNs Digital Numbers to specific colors when displaying an image Each color is designated to a different class of data on the map Text describing each color can be included and shown in a legend Because of difficulties in working with the Windows palette a limited color scheme has been implemented Each color in the color table
142. use cursor Remarks Comma separated window coordinates can be included to place a box at a specific location in a graphics window Coordinates must be specified when including this as a layer in a project Click once to mark the first end point Double click to place the last end point and exit the function Draw Text Purpose Place text in the current graphic window Parameters Text font Text color Text string Coordinates or use cursor Remarks Comma separated window coordinates can be included to place text at a specific location in a graphics window Coordinates must be specified when including this as a layer in a project The cursor marks the upper left corner of the text A box shows the size of the text Click once to place the text and exit the function Draw Fill Purpose Fill a polygon in the current graphic window Parameters Line color to fill to Fill color Fill style Coordinates or use cursor Remarks Comma separated window coordinates can be included to start filling at a specific location in a graphics window Click once to begin filling The region around the selected point will be filled outward until the line color or the edge of the window is reached 68 Draw Labels Purpose Place map feature names on an image or map Parameters Map file Data file optional Data field optional Text font Text color Remarks Typically the features in a map file will have names This func
143. ust provide the file list LST containing the names of all images that you want to include in the analysis All the images in the list must have the same header window and projection parameters because the map masks pixels from which statistics are extracted are calculated only for the first image For more information of file lists see Section 2 7 1 Example of Burkina Faso the first analysis is done using the file list presented in Section 2 7 2 which includes the period from April to November 1997 The second analysis uses NDVI average images 16 years from April to November B Map file The statistics are calculated relative to a prescribed polygon It is necessary to provide WinDisp 4 0 with the name of a correct geo referenced map BNA that can serve as the basis for statistical calculations Example of Burkina Faso for each of the two analyses done the boundary map of Burkina Faso is used as a feature reference WinDisp 4 0 will calculate the average pixel values within the borders of each province of Burkina Faso for each image on the list C Stats File for results Location and name STA must be given for the table of results Example of Burkina Faso the two data tables resulting from the analysis of average NDVI images of 1997 and the 16 year average NDVI are named ndvi97 sta and ndviavg sta respectively D Pixels around points 1 3 5 7 9 This parameter is used to define the area around a pixel for example a meteorolo
144. ve the selected row from the list Columns Edit names Edit names of columns Stop Edit Names Exit the editor Add Add empty columns to the list Remove Remove the selected column from the list Filenames Add Select file names from the dialog box and insert them in the list Remove Remove selected filenames Help Open the Help file to the page treating file lists B File lists This column is made up of a single file list which can be used to carry out statistics on the group of files listed C Editing The advantage of the file editor resides in the facility with which a list can be created or modified The name of the list underlined in yellow can be directly changed and the new list can be saved with the File Save or File Save As command 2 7 2 Analysis of a series of images This section as well as the following two presents the possibilities of using WinDisp 4 0 in the domain of seasonal analysis The examples are adapted for the agricultural region of the Sahel covering the period of April to November In particular an extracted sample of data and the presentation in the form of a graph is presented for Burkina Faso see sections 2 7 3 and 2 7 4 Statistical analysis for time series can be done by WinDisp 4 0 for pixels in a series of images The result will be presented in the form of an image in which each pixel is the result of applied analysis to the pixels in the same location in each of a series of images The analysis can b
145. ved in a file assist ini and can be used as a starting point for more refined calculations This file is automatically displayed in WinDisp 4 0 after processing has been completed The SEDI software The SEDI methods are incorporated in a DOS software package called DOS IGT IDA GIS Tools This package is freeware and can be downloaded from the FAO FTP site FTP FTP FAO ORG SDRN IGT 43 The IGT manual describes the SEDI process in much more detail and is available at the same ftp site 2 7 6 Modification of an image There are many manipulations that can be applied to change the content or the presentation of an image The following is a list of the available functions For explanations concerning the use of these functions refer to Chapter 3 Process Images Algebra Perform algebraic operations on pixels of one or more images Process Images Compress Compress images to reduce their size Process Images Window Extract a window from an image Process Images Filter Apply a spatial filter for smoothing maximum minimum average or median Process Images Difference Subtract one image from another Process Images New Create a new blank image Process Images Paste Paste one image on another Process Images Map Fill image pixels within map polygon boundaries Process Images Mosaic Combine a series of images to create a unique image Process Header View Edit an image header Process Header Changer Value Modify a value of a variable in
146. werful way to automate repetitive tasks All of the main display and processing functions can be recorded in a batch file and then replayed at a later time See Batch 8 2 6 for more information on batch processing Batch Record Purpose Record menu operations for later playback 73 Parameters Batch file name Batch Play Purpose Play back previously recorded menu operations Parameters Batch file name Batch Debug Purpose Play back recorded batch file one line at a time Parameters Batch file name Batch Stop Purpose Stop recording or playing batch file Parameters None Batch Edit Purpose Edit a batch file in a text editor Parameters Batch file name Batch Variable Purpose Assign values to batch variables Parameters Batch Variable Set Variable name Variable value Batch Variable Prompt Variable name User prompt Default value optional Remarks Note that the variable value in Batch Variable Set can be an algebraic expression and can include other variables See batch for a complete description of batch files and how to create and use them 74 Batch If Purpose Include an if then clause in a batch file Parameters Batch If Begin Expression to evaluate Batch If Else Batch If End None Batch For Purpose Include a for next loop in a batch file Parameters Batch For Begin Variable counter Loop start value Loop end value Step increment decrement Batch For En
147. windows within the main window Open this help file Display version information etc 52 3 3 File Menu File Open Image File Retrieve Image Purpose Display a WinDisp 4 0 image in a new window or retrieve an image into the current graphic window Parameters Image file Difference image file Color table Image X1 O default Image Y1 O default Image X2 O default Image Y2 O default Remarks Use File Open Image to display an image in a new window and File Retrieve Image to display an image in the currently active graphic window The difference image file is optional O s for all image coordinates can be used to default to the entire image The image will be scaled to fit the window There is no longer a zoom factor infinite floating point zoom is used See the IDA Users Manual IDA for DOS v 4 2 Image display and analysis FAO 1996 SD GCP INT 578 NET Technical report for a description of IDA file formats See color tables for a description of color tables and how to create them An image should be retrieved before any maps Also retrieving more than one image into a window should be avoided File Open Map File Retrieve Map Purpose Display a map in a new window retrieve a map into the currently active window or overlay a map on top of an image bitmap or map in the currently active window Parameters Map file Map line color Map line style Map fill color Map fill style Data file optional Data fi
148. ygon on the screen Record menu operations for later playback Play back previously recorded menu operations Play back recorded batch file one line at a time Stop recording or playing batch file Edit a batch file in a text window Assign values to batch variables Assign a value to a variable Ask user for a value for a variable This function is under construction Create a conditional if then clause Beginning of section to evaluate if clause is true Section to evaluate if clause is false End of the clause Create a for next loop Mark the beginning of the loop This function is under construction Mark the end of the loop 50 Label Goto Define Pause Build List Options menu Display Project Edit Color Table Edit Legend File Define Window Size Communications Process menu Series Max Min Avg Median Range Sum Count Stddev Decloud Slope MaxDate MinDate Images Algebra Compress Window Filter Difference New Paste Map Mosaic Stats Max Min Avg Median Stddev Range Count Header Edit Change Value Threshold Set up a goto jump and a label to go to Start of a goto jump End of a goto jump Pause the batch file execution Build an image list for processing functions To set various display related options Set various options related to Projects Edit Modify a map or image color table Edit and or modify a legend file Define a default sub window size or maximize File based com
149. ype of legend selected The number of classes available are displayed once the user has selected the legend type The number of classes that can be selected for each legend type are as follows Equal Intervals 2 to 255 Unique Values depending on quantity of values Percentiles 2 to 100 Quartiles 4 Logarithmic 2 to 255 If no option is selected and the line is left blank WinDisp 4 0 will use as default 10 except for Quartiles for which the number of classes is always 4 D Color Scheme The color schemes available are identical to those available in the color table editor 1 Black to White EERE RRRRR000000 2 White to Black OUDOOEEESEeeeee 3 Red to Green BSEBSS00000EEERa 4 Red to Blue EEEESCOLUIOEEEes 5 Red and Blue ERAACCOOCOCAAMANA 6 Bright Red and Blue OCCECCEHEEAARARARAN 7 Blue to Green to Red EmANA00OCOOCEAAAA 8 Mixed Palette MANOR AAAMOOO or other random combinations If no option is selected and the line is left blank WinDisp 4 0 will use as default 3 Red to Green E Legend Range This parameter allows users to specify Full if they wish to see both the upper and lower data value limits for each legend class eg 50 to 100 or to specify Upper if they only want the upper data value appear for each class in the legend eg lt 50 If no option is selected and the line is left blank WinDisp 4 0 will use as default 1 Full F Legend Title optional This parameter allows users to specify a legend title and is option
150. ze a single point simply double click the left mouse button at the location you wish to digitize the point To digitize multiple points with the same primary and secondary feature names as done with the groups of points shown in the Burkina Faso example to the left single click all points at the correct location and save the feature as one cartographic object by double clicking the last point To digitize a line start the line by clicking the left mouse button at the desired location then continue clicking along the desired line feature correctly placing the points as required to correctly represent the desired line and finish digitizing the line by double clicking the left button at the last point on the line To digitize a polygon region proceed as for a line The polygon will be closed when the last point is confirmed by double clicking the left mouse button The file structure for the point file used in the example above which contains two series of point features and uses the BNA format containing the following information primary feature name secondary feature name 1 longitude latitude cfr 4 4 and would look as follows Point 1 1 3 602792 12 51693 Point 1 1 2 563538 12 77675 Point 1 1 2 433631 13 42628 Point 1 1 1 816574 13 2639 Point 1 1 3 537838 11 08796 Point 2 1 0995504 12 61436 Point 2 1 0953097 11 70502 Point 2 1 1 171281 11 76997 Point 2 1 6516541 12

WinDisp 4.0 manual - Food and Agriculture Organization of the

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