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GRASS Reference Manual Vector Commands

1. The user can run this program non interactively by specifying parameter values and optionally the flag setting on the command line If the user runs v transform without specifying program arguments on the command line the program will prompt the user for inputs When the program prompts the user for two sets of transformation points the first set of points entered by the user should be in the coordinate system of the input map and the second set of points should represent the corresponding geographic points in the coordinate system into which the map will transformed A user must enter 4 to 10 of each set of points for the transformation to work correctly After the user has entered both sets of points the program will show the amount of error associated with the transformation of the given points as the residual mean average RMS An acceptable RMS for a 1 24 000 UTM map would be 1 2 to 2 4 meters It will then ask if the transformation RMS value is acceptable After an RMS is accepted by the user v transform will transform the ASCII dig_ascii vector map and its associated attribute dig_att file into the requested coordinate system Remember to run v support or v import on the output map NOTES When rectifying a map to another coordinate system using v transform the user should specify the coordinates of between 4 to 10 points and state these both in the coordinate systems of the input and output maps The two sets of coordina
2. b Input is a binary DLG 3 file default is ASCII l Give precedence to line information default is area Parameters input name Name of USGS DLG 3 Optional format input file output name Name to be assigned to the binary GRASS vector files created If the user simply types v in dlg2 without specifying parameter values on the command line the program will prompt the user to enter these NOTES Area vs Line Precedence Some machine processed DLG 3 files do not make the distinction between line edges and area edges For example in a roads map where the desired information is line edge data a downtown block surrounded by roads may be processed as an area Because of this the user is asked to choose whether to give precedence to areas or lines If precedence is given to lines the user should be aware that any lines that bound unlabeled areas in the DLG 3 file will be stored as line data Any unlabeled areas would therefore be lost this is only a concern when areas are unlabeled labeled area information will be retained If precedence is given to areas lines will be stored as boundaries to areas that are unlabeled 60 Building support files with v support When you run v support you will have the option of snapping the nodes in your vector file that fall within a certain threshold of one another WARNING the default threshold is calculated using the scale of the original DLG 3 file If the threshold is too high excessive snappin
3. Remember that if you delete a reference map for which there are still records in the data base you cannot make a new vector map using the vector_map command that includes those records unless you put that number and vector map name back in the reference map table output o file or process Causes all output except some error messages from v db rim including that from the print command to go to the named path file may be a full or relative path name or to be used as standard input by the process a pipe If no parameter is given output returns to stdout usually the user s terminal An example of the pipe usage would be output grep easting wc l gt tmp my_count A pipe is closed whenever the output command is given again or on a exit command pack pa This should be used when numerous data records have been deleted or changed to recover disk space in the RIM binary data base files It works by doing a backup to a temporary file moving the data base files to new names bakdb running RIM to rebuild the data base and if the rebuilt data base can be opened and read the temporary files are deleted The user is informed if this process fails Packing can only be done on an open database located in the user s current mapset print p a 1 This command outputs the full record for the records currently stored on the internal query list result of last query or find Without the flag the screen la
4. text record 1 text record n text feature record 1 feature record n feat The user will be required to use standard UNIX commands to separate this file into individual files as required by SCS GEF specifications GRASS Vector to ARC INFO generated File Converts binary vector files to a ARC ungenerate format A GRASS vector file to be exported to ARC INFO must be either a line coverage must contain only lines or a polygon coverage must contain only area edges Both ungenerate lines and points files are created and are placed in a LOCATION arc directory under a user selected name The binary vector name will be used to name the various files that will be created for export to ARC INFO In the case of a labeled polygon coverage the following three files will be created a lines file with the suffix lin a label points file with the suffix lab and a label text file with the suffix txt In the case of a line coverage the following two files will be created a lines file with the suffix lin and a label text file with the suffix txt An unlabelled polygon or line coverage will result in a lines file lin suffix only See the DATA FILE FORMATS section of v import for more information on these files GRASS Vector to DXF file Converts binary vector files to a DXF format NOTES Support files must be built using the GRASS program v support before exporting any vector file Other ASCII formats are useful when impor
5. Calculate Import Demographics from Census STFI Files GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4x 5 x SYNOPSIS v apply census v apply census help v apply census d p 1 u v apply census input_stfl name out name ef name formula mapname expression name_field name zone value spheroid name Flags d Output IDENTIFICATION SECTION to stdout 20 pages p Output STF1 MATRIX TABLE to stdout 30 pages l Output PL94 171 MATRIX TABLE to stdout 1 page u Output STF1 SUMLEV TABLE to stdout 4 pages Note Only the first flag given will be executed the program exits after sending one table to stdout Other parameters are ignored Parameters input_stfl Path name of STF1 or PL94 input file out Type of output site atts table Lxxx stdout Default Ef Path name of text file with formula expression s formula map expression name_field field name for parsing stdin lines a to ignore Default a Zone UTM zone number default is location zone Options 1 60 Default 10 Spheroid Spheroid for LL to UTM conversion see m gc ll Default clark66 NOTE Only one of the ef or formula input fields may be used DESCRIPTION This program reads a previously selected subset of STF1 or PL94 171 U S Census Bureau demographic records see m in stfl tpe and m in stf1 db3 and writes one of the following GRASS site list coordinates and a value GRASS vector polygon attribute labels file coordinates and
6. SEE ALSO v digit v import v out ascii v support AUTHORS Michael Higgins U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory James Westervelt U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 57 v in dlg NAME v in dlg Converts an ASCII USGS DLG 3 Optional file to a binary GRASS vector dig file GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v in dlg v in dlg help v in dlg 1 inputname outputname mattname baseval This program converts an ASCII USGS DLG 3 dlg file into a binary GRASS vector dig file Warning The program reads DLG 3 Optional format only v in dlg also creates a dig_att file containing the label information stripped from the DLG 3 file the first minor attribute for each record unless matt is specified If the matt is specified v in dlg creates an additional attribute file containing identifiers for every record with corresponding multiple attributes In this case matt file contains identifiers starting with base for the attributes stored in matt file as opposed to the first minor attributes with no matt file The example of matt with base 34 would be 34 0 0 So 180 201 36 180 208 170 240 190 201 37 160 220 With the corresponding dig_att looking like this 648467 190000 4456367 320000 34 667989 290000 4458393 520000 35 651002 470000 4473793 390000 36 663816 680000 4471412 080000 37 Pee PP However the user must run v support or v import option 4 on the output file create
7. SYNOPSIS v digit2 DESCRIPTION Note This module is considered obsolete and has been modified into v digit The GRASS program v digit2 is a menu driven highly interactive map development program used for inputting analog map data into a GRASS vector format v digit2 contains programs for vector digitizing editing labeling windowing and converting vector data to GRASS raster format v digit2 consists of two parts an initialization procedure and a multiple menu driven environment 1 The initialization procedure involves choosing a digitizer choosing the name of a vector map layer to digitize and if needed registering a map to the digitizing surface 2 The second part of v digit2 is a multiple menu environment in which digitizing editing labeling and other options are available It is within this second portion of v digit2 that all vector creation occurs NOTES v digit2 was written to optimize digitizing speed and performance It has a convenient graphic display format and very convenient windowing capabilities Features are color coded for ease of identification and verification Different color schemes may be user chosen to customize a digitizing session Area line and point features may be digitized in both stream and point modes Both a mouse and a digitizer may be used to perform windowing functions Labeling and editing are done from within v digit2 rather than through a separate set of programs v digit2 has capab
8. areas and should conclude with a line containing end which begins the map generation process If matching text strings are desired see strings fR they must be specified prior to the areas command lines mapname begins the process of making a GRASS4 1 vector map of lines This option uses only the Type 1 and 2 TIGER files It searches the Type 1 records for the specified CFCC s and matches any specified text strings to the Feature Name FENAME field in the Type 1 records Specification of the CFCC s if any for the features you want included in the map should be done on the line s following areas and should conclude with a line containing end which begins the map generation process If matching text strings are desired see strings fR they must be specified prior to the lines command codes searches the Type 7 Landmark file and sends to stdout or to a file if one specified the CFCC and the Classification description of each CFCC present If a P or A is specified both the point and area codes present are listed L lists the CFCC codes contained in the Type 1 file The default type if no type is specified is P This command is provided as a useful aid to the user strings records up to 10 following lines until end as text strings to match to the Landmark Feature Name Field in the Type 7 records Type 1 for making line maps A match is made if any of the specified strings is a substring of the Feature Name If
9. map date dataset creation date scale coordinate system etc For individual maps any names found in the CATS file specifying map theme domain manifold are given Bounding coordinates for each map layer are also printed The program will also run in information only mode if 1 no output name is specified or 2 the coordinate system or in the case of UTM and State Plane Zone of the dataset to be imported does not match the current mapset 72 l Import object link table s only do not create attribute tables If this flag is set and if dbpath is set only the vector map dig dig_att and dig_cats and the file containing the database ready table linking the vector map with the attribute tables will be created the attribute files themselves will not be created This option is useful if the user wants to selectively import data layers from an SDTS dataset with multiple maps One map could be imported with its object link table and the full set of attributes subsequent layers imported with the 1 option would avoid recopying the full set of attributes Parameters catd name Full name of SDTS file containing the Catalog Directory CATD module for the source dataset The file name format is specified by SDTS and the TVP as xxxxCATD DDF where xxxx are 4 digits or upper case letters or any combination thereof The CATD file must be located along with the rest of the SDTS dataset in the current directory The CATD file contains a list
10. name Full path of an ASCII vector map layer EXAMPLE Typing the following at the command line v to gnuplot lt LOCATION dig_ascii elevation gt elev dat will write the raster data to elev dat After staring the GRASS graphics monitor the following dialogue g gnuplot gnuplot gt plot elev dat notitle with lines will plot a map of elevation NOTES Output may be saved as PostScript FrameMaker TeX etc approximately 2 dozen output formats v clean and v out ascii must be run prior to v to gnuplot FILES GISBASE scripts v to gnuplot SEE ALSO v clean v out ascii r to gnuplot g gnuplot AUTHOR James Darrell McCauley Agricultural Engineering Purdue University 151 v to rast NAME v to rast Converts a binary GRASS vector map layer into a GRASS raster map layer GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v to rast v to rast help v to rast input name output name DESCRIPTION v to rast transforms binary GRASS vector map layers into GRASS raster map layer format Most GRASS analysis programs operate on raster data Parameters input name Name of the binary vector map layer to be converted output name Name to be assigned to the raster map layer output The user can run the program non interactively by specifying the names of a vector input file and raster output file on the command line using the form v to rast input name output name If the user instead types simply v fo ra
11. not just the P This file could be formatted as follows 1 709818 5453991 246 0 P CLGR 4 73 1 21 0 0 0 2 698350 5464162 128 0 P CLGR 0 55 0 36 0 0 0 3 704615 5461874 190 5 P DEGR 0 34 4 15 0 0 0 ooo ORF In this case the fields are separated by a colon so fs must be specified on the command line The labels starting with the P would retain the colons i e they are not removed from the label even though they act to define the first 4 fields When area transects are required the transects file should include four 4 more fields for backward forward rightside and leftside distance from the corresponding line transect The format will be as the following 1 709818 5453991 246 0 10 0 15 0 20 0 5 0 P CLGR 4 19 12 21 0 0 0 0 1 2 698350 5464162 128 0 5 0 SO 10 0 25 0 P ELER 0 55 0 560000 1 3 704615 5461874 190 5 320 20 0 10 20 5 0 P DEGR 0 34 4 1500 00 0 Note that delimiter could be other than white space in transect file Vector files of line transects can be generated from the above area transects file by not using a flag However the label will include four 4 more items 91 NOTES The resulting vector map is a complete GRASS vector map it will have a category file with the labels from the input file and it will have the topology file already built v support is run automatically by v in transects as the final step in creating the GRASS vector map AUTHORS Tao Wen University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign I
12. or outside a circle of specified radius from the target The FIND QUERY TARGET MENU discussed below accepts region mask target specifications from the user The selected records are then displayed one at a time until CTRL C is entered then other operations choices 5 8 can be done with these records The line on the menu between 2 and 3 shows the number of records currently selected by choices 3 or 4 4 Query records in the data base using an SQL like where clause including specifications for region mask target circle only as in 3 above see FIND QUERY TARGET MENU section below The where clause can test for ranges or matches for numeric data base fields or matches on full strings or substrings for text fields The selected records are then displayed one at a time until CTRL C is entered then other operations choices 5 8 can be done with these records This clause is entered on a QUERY COMMAND MENU described below The where clause may use parentheses to control the order of comparisons Field names are not case sensitive within where clauses The following comparison operators are valid for all types of fields eq or ne or lt gt ge or gt le or lt gt or gt It or lt String comparisons are case sensitive and are done character by character Substrings comparisons may be done with the like operator as in where name like Jones Note that the string being tested against the name field for each record is in q
13. DBMS The print a command see below outputs data in this list format Example add seq_num 204 north4690673 30 east 601410 00 map_num 1 vect_type L reference Jones 1987 end backup b file_name The backup command is used to dump the entire database from the RIM binary files to a text file format see UNLOAD in the RIM User s Manual The file_name can be a relative path name or full path name The file will contain the data base definition screen layout information and tabular data This text file is transportable to RIM or v db rim running on any other computer it may also be reloaded to recreate the v db rim database A message will be output if there is any problem writing the backup file Backup can only be done on databases in the user s current mapset To reload your data base from the backup file normally not necessary 22 GRASS 4 gt cd LOCATION rim vect right directory GRASS 4 gt rm db_name rimdb remove data base GRASS 4 gt rim run RIM manually RIM gt input path file RIM rebuilds data base from data written by backup RIM gt exit change c 1 Without the 1 flag each line following change is in the same format as for the add command The sequence number field is required and the sequence number must match an existing site in the database Only those fields for which lines are provided are changed in the record After the end the changed record is stored if all is ok otherwi
14. GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v digit DESCRIPTION The GRASS program v digit is a menu driven highly interactive map development program used for inputting analog map data into a GRASS vector format v digit contains programs for vector digitizing editing labeling windowing and converting vector data to GRASS raster format v digit consists of two parts an initialization procedure and a multiple menu driven environment 1 The initialization procedure involves choosing a digitizer choosing the name of a vector map layer to digitize and if needed registering a map to the digitizing surface 2 The second part of v digit is a multiple menu environment in which digitizing editing labeling and other options are available It is within this second portion of v digit that all vector creation occurs NOTES The GRASS 4 1 version of v digit was upgraded so that it now no longer requires drivers to be written for each digitizer supported Instead we are using device independent code written originally by John Dabritz formerly of the Forest Service which uses ASCII description files to define how to communicate with the digitizer The result is that we should be able to support just about any digitizer out there now with a minimum of work Refer to the digitizer definition manual for information on the format of these files v digit was written to optimize digitizing speed and performance It has a convenient graphic display format an
15. GRASS vector data dig_att files output BUGS The program only recognizes the Z values if they are in the 30 field of the POLYLINE entity section If the input DXF file is in MS DOS text format with CR LF instead of Unix LF the program doesn t run To avoid this problem import to Unix your DXF MSDOS format files with FTP in ASCII mode or with a command able to convert this files DOS COPY mcopy etc SEE ALSO v in dxf v support v digit v in dxf3d sh AUTHOR The original program dxf3d2gras bas written in GWBASIC MS DOS by Evaristo Quiroga Hidrologic and Extern Geodinamic Unity of the University Autonoma of Barcelona 6 93 The program was rewritten in C for Grass Unix environment by Evaristo 67 v in poly NAME v in poly Create a vector file of polygons centered on given locations GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v in poly v in poly help v in poly t input name vect name radius value segments value DESCRIPTION This program creates a vector map of polygons of specified radius around center points which may be input as coordinate pairs from a file or from stdin COMMAND LINE OPTIONS Flags t Do not automatically build topology for the new map Parameters sites Name of input file omit or use for input from stdin Default stdin vect Name of new vector map to create radius Radius of polygon s circumscribed circle default none segments Number of straight line se
16. Please allow us to extend our most cordial thanks to all of you If you contributed to GRASS at any point during its existence let us know your name and e mail address so we can add your name to the comprehensive on line list To reference GRASS GRASS Development Team 1999 Geographic Resources Analysis and Support System GRASS Baylor University Waco Texas GRASS Development Team Center for Applied Geographic and Spatial Research Baylor University P O Box 97351 Waco Texas U S A 76798 7351 v alabel NAME v alabel Bulk labels unlabeled area features in a binary GRASS vector file GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v alabel v alabel help v alabel i map name value value DESCRIPTION v alabel allows the user to bulk label area features in a binary GRASS vector file i e a dig file The user must run v support on the vector file before running v alabel if any modifications have been made to the file since the last time v support was run on it to ensure that all area features are properly identified in the file topology The user must also run v support on the vector file after v alabel is run for labeling changes to be made evident v support builds GRASS support files for binary GRASS vector data files These support files supply topology dig_plus and category dig_att information that are needed by other GRASS programs e g by v digit v to rast etc OPTIONS Program par
17. Tiger File 17 Path name of Type 7 Tiger File t8 Path name of Type 8 Tiger File tI Path name of Type I Tiger File tP Path name of Type P Tiger File input file path name for input commands vect Name of vector map to create site Name of site map to create zone UTM zone number default is location zone options 1 60 default 12 spheroid Spheroid for LL to UTM conversion see m gc ll default clark66 Flags i Force interactive mode 5 Input commands from stdin Notes i flag implied if neither flag set and no input file specified Omitted Tiger file names will be derived from the TIGER 1 name given by suitably changing the last character DESCRIPTION This program creates a GRASS site or vector map of Census Landmark features in the current mapset UTM or Lat Long locations only with labeled points areas or lines constructed from the TIGER file records Each point or area Landmark is a record in the Type 7 TIGER Line file for a county The user may select the Landmark Features to include in the new map by specifying CFCC s Census Feature Classification Code or by specifying text string s to match with the Landmark Feature Name field Many Landmark records do not have an entry in the Feature Name field so use the string matching selection with care 79 Point Landmarks are generated only from information in the Type 7 file Area Landmarks which often comprise several individually labeled polygons are generated from data
18. When you run v support you will have the option of snapping the nodes in your vector file that fall within a certain threshold of one another WARNING the default threshold is calculated using the scale of the original DLG 3 file If the threshold is too high excessive snapping may occur destroying the file With v support the user has the option of snapping or not snapping nodes and further of setting a particular snapping threshold AUTHORS Dave Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Irina Kosinovsky U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 59 v in dlg2 NAME v in dlg2 Converts an ASCII or binary USGS DLG 3 bdlg file to a binary GRASS vector dig file GRASS Vector Data Import Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v in dlg2 v in dlg2 help v in dlg2 bl input name output name DESCRIPTION This program converts an ASCII or binary USGS DLG 3 dlg old or bdlg old file into a binary GRASS vector dig file v in dlg2 also creates a dig_att file containing the label information stripped from the DLG 3 file However the user must run v support or v import option 4 on the output file created by v in dlg2 to create a dig_plus file containing the file topology before using the output file in v digit The user can avoid this two step process by converting the ASCII or binary DLG 3 file to binary GRASS vector format using option or 2 of the GRASS program v import Flags
19. a single record enter its number when requested All records chosen by the last find query operation may be deleted by entering list in place of the record number BE CAREFUL with this deleted records are really gone 13 This choice starts a new menu with less commonly used functions See MANAGEMENT MENU section below 14 The program will prompt you for one line Shell Commands until you enter just a lt RETURN gt to return to the main menu FIND QUERY TARGET MENU This is the screen to set up the region mask target information for the find choice 3 and the query choice 4 except that item B is omitted for choice 4 If a graphics monitor is not active the mouse item is omitted from the menu and if a mask is not currently set that line is omitted The choice to append or delete the selected records will only be given after a successful find or query has stored some records on the internal record list When appending records duplicates of those previously selected will be discarded they will not be stored a second time If neither append nor delete is selected the find or query will begin a new internal record list and the previous contents will be lost The choices entered on this example screen will result in all the records within a 1500 meters radius of the target point to be chosen with the mouse being selected and stored on the internal record list by find or query They are sorted and stored in order of proximity to th
20. be used v in tiger scs tigl 112113 1 tig2 t12113 2 out roads Y cfc A1 A2 To extract all the Hydrographic features in a county s TIGER files with verbose output v in tiger scs v tigl t12113 1 tig2 t12113 2 out hydro cfc H To extract the county boundary the command would be v in tiger scs tigl t12113 1 tig2 t12113 2 out bou cfc BOU 88 NOTES The TIGER files must in sorted order before being used This can be done by using the following command sort TGR12113 F21 o t12113 1 sort TGR12113 F22 o t12113 2 For consistency the sorted file should be written as above It should consist of a t followed by the State and County FIPS code then a and then a value to identify the record number The CFCC code BOU used to extract the County Boundary should be used alone as it will result in a polygon AREA being created Currently output is in UTM only SEE ALSO v import AUTHOR Paul H Fukuhara USDA SCS National Cartographic Center NOTICE This program is part of the contrib section of the GRASS distribution As such it is externally contributed code that has not been examined or tested by the Office of GRASS Integration 89 v in transects NAME v in transects import transect data to aGRASS vector map GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS y in transects v in transects help v in transects a input name fs character length value units name decl name vect name title name DESCRIPT
21. catd parameter v in sdts creates maps in your current mapset and will only import map data if there is correspondence between the current mapset s coordinate system and that of the transfer set in addition for UTM and State Plane Zone designations must match These specifications can be displayed be running v in sdts in Information only mode Information only mode is automatically put in effect when there is a mismatch between source and target coordinate systems An SDTS dataset may consist of one or several distinct map layers or 2 D manifolds in SDTS terminology coinciding with one or more partitions of the earth s surface If a dataset contains more than one map layer the grouping of object data into individual map layers and of groups of map layers is specified in the Catalog Spatial Domain CATS file in terms of domain map theme and or manifold aggregate object If available this information is displayed to the user in Information Only mode The user can then either 1 import all the map layers in a transfer at once or 2 select a subset of the transfer consisting of one or more maps by specifying a domain name map name etc COMMAND LINE OPTIONS Flags i Information only mode Information about the dataset and any individual map layers in the dataset are displayed No map layers or attribute files are generated Information displayed includes basic identifying data title of transfer dataset
22. command line the program will prompt the user to enter these names NOTES The v out dlg scs program requires that the input vector map layer have full topological information associated with it This means that the GRASS program v support should have been the last program to have effected any changes upon the vector map layer before it is run through v out dlg scs If this is not the case v out dlg scs will terminate with a message that v support needs to be run The output from v out dlg scs will be placed in LOCATION dlg The output flat file from v out dlg scs will also be placed in LOCATION dlg with the extension att attached to the same output name SEE ALSO v import v in ascii v in dlg v in dlg scs v support AUTHOR R L Glenn USDA SCS NHQ CGIS 106 v out dxf NAME v out dxf GRASS vector format to DXF format conversion program GRASS Vector Data Export Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v out dxf v out dxf help v out dxf input name output name DESCRIPTION The GRASS program v out dxf conversion program generates an ASCII DXF AutoCad file from a GRASS vector ASCII file The output file is placed in the user s current working directory unless the user specifies a full pathname for the output Parameters input name The name of an existing GRASS vector ASCII file output name Name to be assigned to the DXF output file NOTE DXF files output by AutoCad have the suffix dxf NOTES This prog
23. dig dig_ascii and dig_att directories under the user s current GRASS mapset Output from this program is designed to be used as input to the program v cadlabel The v in dxf program will only recognize points lines polylines and text in the DXF format and will translate these to GRASS vector format other types of data are ignored Flag a Output an ASCII GRASS vector dig_ascii file rather than a binary GRASS vector dig file Parameters dxf name Name of the DXF input design file to be converted to GRASS vector format lines in_name out_name in_name out_name lines name name Name s of layer s in the DXF input file containing line data and optionally the name s to be assigned to the GRASS vector data dig or dig_ascii files output Default Convert each layer containing data in the Idxf file to a GRASS vector data dig or dig_ascii file labels in_name out_name in_name out_name labels name name Name s of layer s in the DXF input file containing text labels and optionally the name s to be assigned to the GRASS vector attribute dig_att files output Default Convert each layer containing text labels in the dxf map to a GRASS vector attribute dig_att file prefix name Prefix assigned to the dig or dig_ascii and dig_att output file names The names of the GRASS vector dig dig_ascii and dig_att files output are constructed as prefix extension where prefix is the prefix name specified by
24. exact case matching is required should be the first character of the entered text strings Example The Feature Name Walter Reed Army Hospital would be matched by any of the following strings Walt hosp Reed army hosp If the optional filename parameter is given Type 7 records which match the specified strings are reported to that file otherwise they are reported to stdout matchboth is used to specify that a Landmark record or Type 1 record for lines must match both one of the specified CFCC s and one of the specified text strings to be selected A match to either condition is the default mode and can be explicitly set or reset by the optional no parameter i e matchboth no 81 exit is used to exit from the program THE INTERACTIVE MODE OF OPERATION The following VASK menus will be encountered in using the interactive mode of this program Comments following each menu will help you decide how to answer the questions and create products GRASS IMPORT FROM CENSUS LANDMARK FEATURE RECORDS STEP 1 Select Type s of features to be extracted There are Point and Area polygon Landmark feature types in the Landmark Type 7 Records There may also be some Line vector Landmark features in the Basic Data Type 1 Records Mark one feature type you wish extracted Point x Area Line View CFCC Codes for selected type x or Exit program AFTER COMPLETING ALL ANSWERS HIT lt ESC gt TO CONTINUE OR lt Ctrl C gt
25. for GRASS locations in a Universal Transverse Mercator UTM coordinate system in meters There are no guarantees that v mkquads will function properly if a quadrangle crosses UTM zones This program has not been tested outside the northwest UTM quadrant SEE ALSO d sites g region v digit v mkgrid v support parser AUTHORS Michael Higgins U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Marilyn Ruiz U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 100 v oul arc NAME v out arc Converts GRASS vector files to ARC INFO s Generate file format GRASS Vector Data Export Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v out arc v out arc help v out arc type name vect name arc_prefix name DESCRIPTION v out arc is a GRASS data export program that converts files in GRASS vector format to ARC INFO s Generate file format The companion program v in arc imports data in ARC INFO s Generate format and converts them to GRASS vector format This program can be run either non interactively or interactively The program will be run non interactively if the user specifies parameter values on the command line using the following format v out arc type name vect name arc_prefix name Alternately the user can simply type v out arc on the command line in this case the program will prompt the user for parameter values Parameters type name Coverage feature type Options polygon line vect name The name of a GRASS
26. forest 7 HOO Water Feature Class Unknown or Not Elsewhere Classified 8 H11 Perennial stream 9 H30 Lake or pond 32 H31 Perennial lake or pond H32 Intermittent lake or pond Total Area Records 95 Number of Each Point Landmark CFCC 1 DOO Landmark Feature Class Unknown or Not Elsewhere Classified 5 D28 Campground L D31 Hospital 10 D43 Educational institution 4 D44 Religious institution 5 D71 Lookout tower D81 Golf course D82 Cemetery Total Point Records 28 After reviewing the list of available CFCC Codes select Point Area or Line again on the Main Menu and something like the following two menus will appear On the first one select any number of CFCC Codes categories that you desire to be included in a new map LANDMARK FEATURE CATEGORY SELECTION MENU POINT LANDMARKS DOO Landmark Feature Class Unknown or Not Elsewhere Classified D28 x Campground D31 Hospital D43 Educational institution D44 Religious institution D71 Lookout tower D81 Golf course D82 Cemetery Done Start over AFTER COMPLETING ALL ANSWERS HIT lt ESC gt TO CONTINUE OR lt Ctrl C gt TO CANCEL Comments In this case Point was selected on the Main Menu and the user has indicated that a GRASS site map of Campgrounds is to be made Now you have the opportunity to enter character strings which will be matched against the Feature Name field in the Type 7 record in the case of Point or Area maps and in the Type
27. from DXF format to GRASS vector format by the v in dxf program Users have the option of creating either binary or ASCII output with v in dxf Since v cadlabel works only on binary vector files the ASCII GRASS vector dig_ascii files that are generated by v in dxf must be converted to binary GRASS vector dig files using the v in ascii program before v cadlabel can be executed v cadlabel searches a binary GRASS vector file of contour lines to find the contour lines that are closest to each box contour label in the binary GRASS vector file containing contour labels The two contour lines that are closest to a box are tagged with the same label an elevation value as that of the box OPTIONS Program parameters are described below Parameters lines name Name of the binary GRASS vector dig file imported from DXF format that contains index contour lines labels name Name of the binary GRASS vector dig_att file imported from DXF format that contains index contour line labels NOTES Because line data that are created in CAD format may have unsnapped nodes or gaps v cadlabel will not always be able to label every index contour line Also intermediate contour lines that may be contained in the index contour vector file because they resided on the same DXF level as the index contour lines in the DXF design file will not be labeled Any lines that are not labeled with v cadlabel can be labeled with the contour labeling program in v d
28. import v import help DESCRIPTION This program performs all of the processes that are needed to convert ASCII DLG files binary DLG files ASCII SCS GEF files ASCII ARC Ungenerate files ASCII DXF files and ASCII vector files into binary vector files It also creates support files the dig_plus file and the dig_att file only created when importing DLG SCS GEF or ARC files The dig_plus file contains topological information obtained by analyzing the vector file The dig_att file contains attribute information stripped from the DLG file or SCS GEF text data This dig_att file is created for vector files by the labeling function of the GRASS v digit program IMPORT FILES After entering the command v import the user will be asked which type of file to import and create support files for Import to GRASS Vector Format and Creates Needed Support Files 1 ASCII DLG file to GRASS Vector Format 2 Binary DLG file to GRASS Vector Format ASCII DIGIT file to GRASS Vector Format Binary DIGIT file to GRASS Vector Format ASCII SCS GEF file to GRASS Vector Format ASCII ARC INFO file to GRASS Vector Format ASCII DXF file to GRASS Vector Format ASCII TIGER file to GRASS Vector Format oo SW FW I If numbers 1 3 or 5 8 are chosen v import will respond with the current database units in feet or meters and ask if the new vector file is in the correct units for the database location If the new vector file is not in the correct uni
29. maps and images on monitor and paper manipulate raster vector and sites data process multi spectral image data and create manage and store spatial data GRASS uses both an intuitive windows interface as well as command line syntax for ease of operations GRASS can interface with commercial printers plotters digitizers and databases to develop new data as well as manage existing data GRASS is ideal for use in engineering and land planning applications Like other GIS packages GRASS can display and manipulate vector data for roads streams boundaries and other features GRASS can also be used to keep maps updated with its integral digitizing functions Another feature of GRASS is its ability to use raster or cell data This is particularly important in spatial analysis and design GRASS functions can convert between vector data to raster data for seamless integration GRASS strengths lie in several fields The simple user interface makes it an ideal platform for those learning about GIS for the first time GRASS is capable of reading and writing maps and data to many popular commercial GIS packages including ARC Info and Idrisi Users wishing to write their own code can do so by examining existing source code interfacing with the documented GIS libraries and using the GRASS Programmers Manual This allows more sophisticated functionality to be integrated in GRASS The ability to work with raster data gives GRASS the unique ability to funct
30. names When substituting values from the numeric fields into the expression lt SPACE gt characters are replaced by zero Spaces which are rare in the demographic data are usually the result of missing values or restricted information The numeric fields from the demographic records may be designated in one of three ways in the expression 1 Lecce where L is an upper case alphabetic letter which indicates the length of the numeric field in the data records A 1 B 2 I 9 J 10 O 15 etc and cccc is the starting column number for the data field of interest 301 for 100 population count 7221 for total number of four room housing units 58 for 101st Congressional District etc The proper specification of the Congressional District number would be B58 because it is a two column field I301 would indicate that the 100 population should be used in the calculation it s a nine column field 2 PnnaOnnn or HnnaOnnn where n is a digit and a is a digit or rarely upper case letter These forms represent the MATRIX field naming schemes used in the CD ROM dBase 3 files They can be used in processing STF1 records extracted from the CD ROM or TAPE distribution media All eight characters of the field name must be used Note this form cannot be used in processing the PL94 171 records 3 ID_NAME The STFI and PL94 171 files use the same set of IDENTIFICATION SECTION field names 67 fields for the locational informa
31. no such pointers The SDTS Topological Vector Profile however does not distinguish line types and does require that ALL lines carry left and right polygon references This has meant that during the export process topology building algorithms are applied to construct the missing topology that SDTS requires A potential problem arises however with the transfer of object attributes in certain circumstances E g if a polygon in GRASS is bisected by a line of type LINE the resulting SDTS dataset will contain two polygons where only one existed in GRASS should both these polygons be assigned the attribute of the original now non existent polygon The a option which transfers only AREA type lines works around this problem 112 SDTS REQUIREMENTS DATA QUALITY REPORTS SDTS datasets are required to contain 5 different data quality report modules for Lineage Positional Accuracy Attribute Accuracy Logical Consistency and Completeness When v out sdts is run it searches in the user s mapset s dig_misc directory for appropriate files one for each module containing narrative text in ASCII format If found they are converted to SDTS ISO 8211 format and added to the export dataset warning messages are displayed if any data quality modules are missing Data quality reports can be created and installed in the proper location under dig_misc with v sdts meta OTHER METADATA When v out sdts is run if the m flag is set the program searc
32. none of the sites are labeled a binary 0 1 site list file will be produced Parameters input name Name of an existing binary vector map layer from which site data are to be extracted output name Name to be assigned to the resultant site_lists file dmax value Maximum distance between points valid only when a and i are used SEE ALSO d sites s db rim s menu v db rim v digit parser 153 AUTHOR David Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Irina Kosinovsky U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 154 v transform NAME v transform Transforms an ASCII vector map layer from one coordinate system into another coordinate system GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v transform v transform help v transform y input name output name pointsfile name DESCRIPTION This program has been used to import vector files that were in scanner or digitizer x y coordinates and to transform these into UTM coordinates Flag y Suppress the printing of residuals or other information to standard output Parameters input name Name of the ASCII vector map layer to be transformed output name Name to be assigned to the resultant transformed ASCII vector map layer pointsfile name Name of a file containing transformation points whose format is given below Give a full path name for this file or it will be assumed to be located in the user s current directory
33. o The SCS GEF is in the OLD format 24 char Parameters gef name ASCII SCS GEF file name 70 output name Vector file name cat name Category file name SEE ALSO make_1_gef make_subject v import AUTHOR R L Glenn USDA SCS NHQ CGIS 71 v in sdts NAME v in sdts Imports SDTS vector data conforming to the Topological Vector Profile into GRASS creating GRASS vector map s and associated attribute files ready to be installed in a relational database GRASS Vector Data Import Processing Program GRASS VERSION 4 x SYNOPSIS v in sdts v in sdts help v in sdts il catd name output name dbpath name domain name map name theme name manifold name DESCRIPTION v in sdts creates one or more GRASS vector maps in the current mapset from a Spatial Data Transfer Standard dataset conforming to the Topological Vector Profile TVP The program generates GRASS dig dig_att and dig_cats files Also if requested files of attributes in database ready form are created along with scripts to create an appropriate SQL compliant relational database and load the attribute files into the new database Special database ready files of tables linking the attributes to the GRASS vector map layer or layers are also generated The source SDTS dataset must be in the user s current directory The files that make up the dataset are listed in the dataset s Catalog Directory file CATD this file is specified by the user with the
34. of the formula execution If using the name_field and ef parameters the formula file may contain only one formula m in stfl tpe is used as a preprocessor to select subsets of STF1 or PL 171 tape format records for input to this program m in stfl db3 is used as a preprocessor to select subsets of STF1 records from the CD ROM in dBase 3 format Unix utility programs such as grep or awk can also be used to select subsets of lines from the PL94 171 files but not from the STF1 tape files due to their very long record lengths AUTHOR Dr James Hinthorne GIS Laboratory Central Washington University July 1992 11 v area NAME v area Display GRASS area and perimeter information for GRASS vector map GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v area v area help v area f map name color name DESCRIPTION The GRASS program v area first displays the selected vector file Then user can select area on map by clicking with mouse within the desired area Selected area will be highlighted in selected color on graphics display On regular screen area information will be displayed in square meters hectares acres and square miles Perimeter measurements in meters feet and miles are also displayed User can repeatedly select areas for analysis one at a time Flag f Fill selected area with selected color on graphics display rather than simply outlining it in the highlight color Parameters map n
35. prefix cont The user therefore types the following command v in dxf dxf cont dxf lines 9 11 12 11 labels 12 prefix contour The above command will generate three dig files named contour 9 contour 11 contour 12 and will create one dig_att file containing text labels called contour 12 No contour lines will appear in the dig_att file NOTES Output Filenames The output filename prefix extension conforms with the GRASS limit of 14 characters The entire prefix name is used a inserted and as much of the extension name is used as the 14 character limit will permit Excess characters are truncated To minimize the possibility of creating output files with the same names resulting in loss of data from the DXF file use the prefix option to abbreviate the DXF file name This will leave the majority of characters available for differentiating between layer names Translation This data translation program does not contain any of the quality control functions available in v digit that will prevent data in an improper format from being input to a GRASS data base If present DXF entities are placed in output file s corresponding to the layers on which they occurred in the DXF design file input Editing If the user asks v in dxf to output ASCII vector dig_ascii files they must be converted to binary vector format before they are usable by most GRASS vector commands The user can convert GRASS vector files from ASCII to binary for
36. rast refuse to display your data The only thing to do is to import in the current mapset SEE ALSO m in e00 g mapsets g region g setproj v support v to rast AUTHOR Frank Warmerdam warmerda home com Based on Shapelib http gdal velocet ca projects shapelib 76 v in tig basic NAME v in tig basic Create GRASS vector map from TIGER files GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v in tig basic v in tig basic help v in tig basic pgt tl TIGER 1 t2 TIGER 2 out name zone utm_zone spheroid spheroid tlid file OPTIONS Parameters tl TIGER Type 1 path file name 12 TIGER Type 2 path file name out Name of vector map to create zone UTM zone number default is location zone Options 1 60 Default current zone spheroid Spheroid for LL to UTM conversion see m gc ll Default clark66 tlid Path file for list of TLID numbers to process from TIGER 1 File Default none Flags p Create new disk file for Type 2 pointers every time q Perform functions quietly t Build topology dig_plus file when done can t be quiet DESCRIPTION This program creates a GRASS vector map in the current mapset UTM or Lat Long locations only with labeled line segments constructed from the end points nodes from the Type 1 TIGER file records and shape points from the Type 2 TIGER file The nodes and shape points are matched by the TIGER record number TLID field In the attribute label file which is
37. results patched together using v patch units units of the length Default meter This is the unit of the transect It can be meter or foot 90 decl declination angle in degrees to be added to input azimuth angles Default 0 Each transect has a direction or azimuth angle associated with it The map projection may have a declination associated with it and if the azimuth angles embedded in the transect input file do not account for this declination it may be specified here vect Vector map to be created title Title for resultant vector map Default Transect map If title is more than one word it should always be quoted TRANSECT FILE FORMAT The format for the transect file consists of one record or line per transect with 4 mandatory fields and a 5th optional field for line transects The first field is the GRASS category number to be assigned to the transect The second and third fields are the easting and northing respectively of the starting coordinate for the transect The fourth field is the azimuth in degrees clockwise from north of the transect Following the fourth field is an optional fifth field that is the category label for the transect The following is a simple example with 3 transects 1 709818 5453991 246 0 P CLGR 473 2 214 0 0 0 0041 2 698350 5464162 128 0 P CHGR 0 55 0 36 0 0 0 0 1 3 704615 5461874 190 5 P DEGR 0 3441500000 Note that the fifth field i e the label is really everything after the azimuth
38. rule that at least one vector line has to hit the border Totally at least four vector lines have to hit each of the four regional borders Check this by displaying your vector contour file and use the d vect zoom command eventually Or you digitize more lines 7 7 amp gt Zoom iti gt He Ferner 4 wrong right The lower line does This should work not reach the border for v surf spline NOTE Method suggested by Yoeli 1986 and discussed in Wood and Fisher 1993 SEE ALSO r surf gauss r surf random r surf idw r surf idw2 r surf contour 149 REFERENCES Yoeli P 1986 Computer executed production of regular grid of height points from digital contours The American Cartographer 13 3 pp 219 229 Wood J and Fisher P 1993 Assessing interpolation accuracy in Elevation Models IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 13 2 pp 48 56 150 v to gnuplot NAME v to gnuplot outputs an ASCII vector map in GNUPLOT format GRASS Shell Script GRASS VERSION 4 x SYNOPSIS v to gnuplot help v to gnuplot name DESCRIPTION v to gnuplot is an awk shell script that converts an ASCII vector map into a format suitable for plotting with g gnuplot and writes the results to standard output OPTIONS This program runs non interactively the user must either state all parameter values on the command line or use redirection Parameter
39. several mapsets quads within one location The user may use the vi text editor or the SCS macro make_subject to create it 4 The program will then read the SCS GEF header information interactively present information that was available and request additional data of the user These questions are Name of their organization from SCS GEF Digitized Date from SCS GEF Map Name from SCS GEF Map Location from SCS GEF Other Information from SCS GEF 47 State FIPS code County FIPS code Present GEF Coord System table stplane Il utm Coord System Desired utm stplane Il albers The program will then actively read the SCS GEF data file and process it Note scripts contains SCS macro make_1_gef This macro makes one file out of the three 3 files found in SCS GEF see SCS GEF technical specifications for more information The macro must be run on each data set BEFORE v import ASCII ARC INFO Ungenerate Format Files to GRASS Vector Creates the dig_plus dig_att and dig_cats support files The program will prompt you to enter the names of ARC INFO files to be imported to GRASS ARC INFO vector files to be imported into GRASS must be exported from ARC INFO using the ARC INFO Ungenerate command ARC INFO vector files which are to are to be imported to GRASS must be either line or polygon coverages They must also be placed in a LOCATION arc directory The section of the ARC INFO manual that cover the Ungenerate c
40. the given data If the number of given points is greater than segmax segmented processing is used The region is split into rectangular segments each having less than segmax points and interpolation is performed on each segment of the region To ensure the smooth connection of segments the interpolation function for each segment is computed using the points in given segment and the points in its neighborhood which are in the rectangular window surrounding the given segment The number of points taken for interpolation is controlled by npmin the value of which must be larger than segmax User can choose to output vector files treefile and overfile which represent the quad tree used for segmentation and overlapping neighborhoods from which additional points for interpolation on each segment were taken The program writes several important values to history file of raster map elev 144 OPTIONS The user can run this program either interactively or non interactively The program will be run non interactively if the user specifies program arguments and flag settings on the command line using the form v surf rst d r c t input name elev name slope name aspect name pcurv name tcurv name mcurv name maskmap name dmin val dmax val zmult val tension val smooth val segmax val npmin val devi name treefile name overfile name Alternately the user can simply ty
41. use a file of labels y n n If names was NOT selected previously Do you want to use a file of categories y n n At this time the user will be asked for category 1 information 1 be asked to enter a file name if file input was selected or 2 be asked to enter the information manually Then the user will be asked for category 2 information Then the user will be asked for category 3 information Then the user will be asked for category n information When no entry is provided the program will begin SEE ALSO v extract AUTHOR R L Glenn USDA SCS NHQ CGIS 126 v reclass inf NAME v reclass inf Generate new vector map layer derived from attribute data in the currently selected database GRASS RDBMS Vector Interface Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v reclass inf v reclass inf help v reclass inf d sql name key name type name input name output name DESCRIPTION v reclass inf generates a new vector map layer based on the results of one or more queries to the currently selected database The user constructs a series of mutually exclusive SQL select statements designed to return groups of records from the database Each group of records should be internally consistent in terms of attribute characteristics specified by the user in the SELECT clause These groups should also be mutually exclusive thereby insuring that a row returned by one SELECT clause is not also returned by a subsequent SELECT claus
42. which GRASS cannot handle directly are imported as records in RDBMS ready tables Details on the mapping of simple and composite spatial objects between SDTS and GRASS may be found in the GRASS SDTS User Guide SDTS ATTRIBUTE IMPORT Only a brief explanation of SDTS attributes and v in sdts s handling of them is given here See the GRASS SDTS User Guide for details SDTS is capable of substantial attribute complexity SDTS distinguishes between two basic kinds of attributes primary attributes are related directly to spatial objects simple or composite while secondary attributes are related to primary or to other secondary attributes In SDTS attributes are stored in relational tables and spatial objects may be linked to multiple attributes in one or more different attribute tables The schema of an SDTS dataset the number and kind of attribute fields and attribute tables and the relationships among attributes and objects is not predefined by the Standard or the Profile but is determined by the producer of the dataset 73 For most kinds of data likely to be available through SDTS optimal access requires use of GRASS with a relational database management system In support of this v in sdts imports SDTS attribute tables in a form ready for use with your RDBMS It also produces SQL compatible scripts to set up the relational database and install the data dig_att and dig_cats files The program does generate dig_att and dig_cats files
43. 0 Changes the number of straight line segments which bound the polygon to a new value With large values greater than 20 the polygons will approximate circles The minimum value of 3 will create an equilateral triangle Very large values are allowed but the resulting circles may have more definition than is needed and will take lots of storage space for the vector map R 100 Changes the radius of the circle to a new value Radius must be greater than 0 0 however very small values may give meaningless circles and v support may not be able to construct the topology if the points on the perimeter are too closely spaced BUGS Circles in Lat Long locations are not really round Really large Lat Long circles or polygons may look oddly misshapen when displayed SEE ALSO v to rast can be used to convert the polygons to raster maps for masking etc AUTHOR Dr James R Hinthorne GIS Laboratory Central Washington University April 1992 69 v in scsgef NAME v in scsgef Converts SCS Geographic Exchange Format SCS GEF ASCII data into a GRASS vector file SCS GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v in scsgef v in scsgef help v in scsgef o gef name output name cat name DESCRIPTION v in scsgef allows a user to create a GRASS vector file from a SCS GEF format ASCII file 1 The program will first request the name of the SCS GEF file to be read in it expects to find the data in the current direc
44. 0 chars to match with Landmark names use as first character to require exact case match String n prompt will be given if input is from a terminal end matchboth no codes PIAIL output_file exit 80 The details of the dot commands Note Always use the strings matchboth and or codes commands prior to creating a map with points areas or lines points mapname begins the process of making a GRASS4 1 site map of point locations This site map name takes precedence over the site name parameter that may be given on the command line Specification of the CFCC s if any for the features you want included in the map should be done on the line s following points and should conclude with a line containing end which begins the map generation process The CFCC s should be of the form Dnn e g DOO D10 D85 D23 H12 several may be given on one line separated by any common separator character Requested CFCC s may be abbreviated to DI meaning D10 through D19 or just D meaning D00 through D99 If matching text strings are desired see strings fR they must be specified prior to the points command areas mapname begins the process of making a GRASS4 1 vector map of polygons areas This vector map name takes precedence over the vect name parameter that may be given on the command line Specification of the CFCC s if any for the features you want included in the map should be done on the line s following
45. 1 record for Line maps Step 1C Enter text s to match in finding Landmark Features Use as first char to require exact case match Check for any Landmark Records that match your text strings before proceeding to next step File to save matches to omit for screen display AFTER COMPLETING ALL ANSWERS HIT lt ESC gt TO CONTINUE 83 OR lt Ctrl C gt TO ERASE AND START OVER Comments See strings discussion in the command line section of this manual page for examples of what can be entered on the lines If no entries are made then no string matching to the Feature Name field will be done BUGS RESTRICTIONS Some area features are included in the Type 7 Landmark file which do not fit the definition given of Landmark CFCC s beginning with D as a mechanism to have them included in the Tiger Line data Many Hydrography area features fall in this category for some counties Also there may be records in both the Type 1 and Type 7 files for some Landmark features such as airports and to make a complete airport map for a county both sets must be extracted In the first trials of this program it was discovered that the TIGER Line files have several defects in topological completeness when area landmark polygons are created These defects express themselves when v support is run automatically to attach labels to the polygons and is unable to attach one or more label points Some editing wit
46. 3 000000 4651454 000000 710154 500000 4651463 000000 END END LABEL POINTS FILE also known as prefix lab file This type of file can be created in ARC INFO using the Points option of the Ungenerate command The first number on each line is a label point ID number and the following two numbers are respectively the easting and northing coordinate pair representing the geographic location of the label point 1711539 875000 4651743 000000 2711429 000000 4650632 000000 3711027 625000 4651736 000000 4711022 625000 4651519 000000 5710482 750000 4651494 000000 6710474 500000 4651667 000000 7709269 750000 4651018 000000 8709726 500000 4651604 000000 9708926 375000 4651195 000000 10 708567 500000 4651644 000000 11 708272 750000 4651407 000000 END LABEL TEXT FILE also known as prefix txt file The ARC INFO Display command can be used to create this type of file 1 2 30228E 07 19 399 848 1 0 00 2 817079879 678 826 2 1 5 3 395579524300 1052294637 3 2 2 8 4 41 530 875 926 887 4 3 17 3 5 87 900 188 900 909 5 4 3 3 GOO 128 129 379124950 6 5 5 3 7 29 460 563 824 968 7 6 17 3 81022769 875 9 105 707 8 7 20 9 9 51 385 500 075 638 9 8 7 3 10 376 834 875 4 470 027 10 9 9 2 1165 802 688 75197088 11 10 6 3 NOTES ARC INFO data can be imported even if a label points and or a label text file are missing however the lines and or areas imported will not be labeled v in arc can handle label text files both with and with
47. 40 npmin val Set min number of points for interpolation to val Default value is 200 for data with heterogeneous spatial distribution higher value is suggested see notes devi name Output deviations to a site file name treefile name Output quad tree used for segmentation to vector file name overfile name Output overlapping neighborhoods used for segmentation to vector file name NOTES v surf rst uses regularized spline with tension for interpolation from vector data Additional points are used for interpolation between each 2 points on a line if the distance between them is greater than specified dmax If dmax is small less than cell size the number of added data points can be vary large and slow down interpolation significantly The implementation has a segmentation procedure based on quadtrees which enhances the efficiency for large data sets Special color tables are created by the program for output raster files Topographic parameters are computed directly from the interpolation function so that the important relationships between these parameters are preserved The equations for computation of these parameters and their interpretation are described in Mitasova and Hofierka 1993 Slopes and aspect are computed in degrees 0 90 and 1 360 respectively The aspect raster file has value 0 assigned to flat areas with slope less than 0 1 and to singular points with undefined aspect Aspect points downslope and is 90 to the N
48. 6 875000 4651503 000000 709720 500000 4651574 000000 709823 750000 4651575 000000 709893 125000 4651741 000000 END 3 710296 875000 4651491 000000 710295 125000 4651470 000000 710223 000000 4651454 000000 710154 500000 4651463 000000 END END LABEL POINTS FILE also known as xxx lab file This type of file can be created in ARC INFO by using the Points subcommand of the Ungenerate command The first number on each line is a label point ID number the following two are easting northing coordinates for the label point 1 711539 875000 4651743 000000 2 711429 000000 4650632 000000 3 711027 625000 4651736 000000 4 711022 625000 4651519 000000 5 710482 750000 4651494 000000 6 710474 500000 4651667 000000 7 709269 750000 4651018 000000 8 709726 500000 4651604 000000 9 708926 375000 4651195 000000 10 708567 500000 4651644 000000 11 708272 750000 4651407 000000 END LABEL TEXT FILE also known as xxx txt file This type of file can be created in ARC INFO by using the Display command 1 2 30228E 07 19 399 8481 0 00 28157079875 1 678 8262 1153 3 9557 9527 500 10722963732198 441 530 875 926 8874 3173 587 900 188 1 900 9095 4133 6 166 125 125 3 312 9808 5153 729 460 563 824 9687 6173 8 1022769 875 3 103 7078 7203 951 3854500 107576389 8173 10 376 834 875 4 470 027 102 92 50 11 65 802 688 1 575 088 1110163 NOTES When importing a polygon coverage the program finds the label point ID in a label text file by
49. 649644e 05 7 4308952e 05 TOTAL 823 5 6687846e 05 1 8598149e 06 4 Following is a sample table generated by v report where type sites v report hfq map bugsites type sites units c NOTE count is the ONLY option available for site maps VECTOR MAP CATEGORY REPORT LOCATION spearfish Wed Apr 24 16 41 17 1991 Inorth 4928000 east 609000 130 WINDOW south 4914000 west 590000 res 100 res 100 MAP bugsites in grass Category Information II description count 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 90 TOTAL 90 A After the table the user is given the options of printing out a copy of the report and of saving the report in a file AUTHOR R L Glenn USDA SCS NHQ CGIS 131 v rmedge NAME v rmedge Selects edge vectors from an existing vector map removes them and creates a new vector map SCS GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v rmedge v rmedge help v rmedge input name output name DESCRIPTION allows a user to create a new vector map from an existing vector map however ALL OUTER boundaries will be gone Any outer edge that needs to be retained will require adding another outside boundary v digit can be used to provide this additional boundary Parameters input name Name of vector input file output name Name of vector output file NOTES When using v digit to add an additional boundary to
50. 9 The rest of the field length is padded with tilde characters to the length desired 3 The minimum field width is three characters e g tA Be sure field widths for all fields are wide enough for the values and strings you expect to store there e g UTM northings require at least 11 spaces 4 For text fields it is possible to continue a field across more than one line This is done by appending a 1 to the field name forming first portion of this split field a 2 for the second portion etc This text field splitting affects how information is organized for input and output the composite text string is concatenated unused portions of fields are retained as spaces and treated as a unit for storage and queries to the database map m map_id map_name d map_id Without arguments this command outputs a list of all the reference vector maps that are stored in the reference maps table If a map number map_id and a vector map name map_name are given the vector map is found and added to the reference maps table in the database If the map number id_num is already in that table an error is issued and no action is taken Finally to delete a map from the reference maps table use the d option followed by the map number map_id The map information for the given map number will be displayed and the user will be asked to confirm the deletion with a y Enter a n for no if you do not want to delete that reference map
51. 9999 cover value The fraction of the most dense area to cover with dots Options 0 1 size value The size of each dot in centimeters Options 0 100 SEE ALSO s menu v random AUTHOR M L Holko USDA SCS NHQ CGIS 133 v sdts dq cp NAME v sdts dq cp installs SDTS data quality reports GRASS Vector Data Export Processing Program GRASS VERSION 4 x SYNOPSIS v sdts dq cp v sdts dq cp help v sdts dq cp f map name HL name PA name AA name LC name CG name DESCRIPTION The program provides assistance for the preparation of the five data quality report modules Lineage Positional Accuracy Attribute Accuracy Logical Consistency and Completeness required in an SDTS transfer dataset The program has one simple function the user specifies a map layer in his current mapset and then one or more files to be used for SDTS data quality reports for this map layer The program copies the specified files to a standard location in the user s current mapset under the dig_misc directory Later when v out sdts is run for the same map layer the data quality reports will be incorporated into an SDTS export dataset sp COMMAND LINE OPTIONS Flags f Force overwriting of pre existing data quality report s Parameters map name Name of vector map layer to which the specified data quality report files apply HL name Name of file to be used for the SDTS Lineage HL data quality report PA name Name of fil
52. FROM typel WHERE cfcc MATCHES A2 ORDER BY tlid NOTE This program requires the Informix database software SEE ALSO g column inf g select inf g stats inf g table inf d rast inf d site inf d vect inf d what r inf d what s inf d what v inf r rescale inf v reclass inf AUTHOR James A Farley Wang Song and W Fredrick Limp University of Arkansas CAST 128 v report NAME v report Generates statistics for vector files SCS GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v report v report help v report hfq map name type name units name name pl value pw value DESCRIPTION generates a table showing the area present in each of the categories of a user selected data layer Area is given in hectares square meters and square kilometers If the units option is used area is given in acres square feet and square miles v report works on the map data therefore the current region and mask are ignored Flags h Suppress page headers f Use formfeeds between pages q Run quietly Parameters map name Vector map to report on type name Type of vector map Options area line site units name name mi les f eet me ters k ilometers a cres h ectacres c ounts pl value Page length in text lines Default 0 pw value Page width in characters Default 79 EXAMPLE Following is a sample table generated by v report where type area v report hfq map soils type ar
53. GRASS Reference Manual Vector Commands GRASS Development Team USA Headquarters European Headquarters Center for Applied Geographic amp Spatial Research Institute of Physical Geography Landscape Ecology Baylor University University of Hannover P O Box 97351 Schneiderberg 50 Waco Texas 76798 7351 30167 Hannover USA Germany grass baylor edu http www baylor edu grass http www geog uni hannover de grass Table of Contents Topic Page BRASS AO A RR ER london 3 KAE E dida andes cocanaes soanadss ida el ik eat aa da ose 5 VW ADD Fy CENSUS est 7 O E 12 Vatoci a ERHENBENRRERTUREEENERBETEREERTLTERUETUENBPERETETRERETHENBEEBERNGER 13 Veallabelssen lassen hea tie a e ae oe Saws ieee E 15 RO 17 E 18 A ALTE E E E A 19 V ABTIN es een 21 a A A T A 36 VB Dr ee ee 38 VWEXPO piscinas dardo atada cai cada Guava oie 39 WER ACH A hares Garaetaes oar tae cae a eee ton taun ob ost eede Ube E A eae 41 WDE OMT nei E EA E gue aiat tate oasgaty yeh Sots bout T E 43 A FEEUSFRRDERNGERLIELEEEUSREFEENHELTEULEBSERFRERICTERBERUSSBFRERRETERSTRFIEFRERRNEE 45 NA ne O des E 52 AE aee URRPRERRRESTIESERSFEFESEREFERLTTERSTTTPPESEUHEFIRERETTEPRRSUHLFERTTTELFERBEEPERERLERTEFTRESPREBERPRTILTERELTFEBERBERREN 57 yain dlon esse sy aa n eae nha eae Oh dea ade Soe eh E SN 58 A BERNER a e aiseig tian 60 VCMT CS A E A O E AEN 62 O 64 o A ee 67 VIE DON SR 68 VER SE SET a A A ee hee dalla teh eu E set 70 VIO SS sisi hata ice eit GA ORR AMARA CARA ORG AoA Gama a
54. ION v in transects imports transects into a GRASS vector map A transect is a line or an area which is described by a starting coordinate a direction or azimuth or backward forward rightside and leftside distances from the line transect and a length in meters or feet The information describing the transects must be in a file prepared by the user before running v in transects The format of this file is described below in the section TRANSECT FILE FORMAT COMMAND LINE OPTIONS Flag a Run for area transects Default is line transects i e this flag is not used Parameters input transect information file This is the file containing the transect information to be imported The format of this file is described below in the section TRANSECT FILE FORMAT fs input data field separator The transect file is organized one transect per line with at least 4 fields The fs option specifies the character that is used in the transect information file to separate the fields If not specified fields are assumed to be separated by blanks white space Quote the delimeter whenever you are not sure whether it has special meaning in UNIX or not to avoid the misunderstanding by GRASS length transect length This is the length of the transects default is in grid units e g meters It is assumed that all transects have the same length If they do not then more than one import process must be run to create two or more vector files and the
55. LABEL TEXT file has been scanned There are 132 lines in the file and 8 columns in the file Column headers of the LABEL TEXT file rec AREA PERIMETER SOILS SOILS ID SOIL CODE DRAIN_CODE TXTUR CODE Here are the first three lines 1 2 30228E 07 19 399 8481 0000 281 079 87917678 8262 113 3 3 3 955 952 500 107 229 6373 219 8 8 The column of category values must contain only integer values The attribute text column can contain a floating point number an integer or a word text string Finally the user is prompted to enter line ID category value and attribute text column numbers Enter the number of the column that should be used for line IDs probably the column with ID Enter the number of the column that is to be used for GRASS category values Enter the number of the column that should be used for GRASS attribute text Once these column numbers have been entered v in arc will begin converting the ARC INFO Generate format files into GRASS vector file format IMPORTING A LINE COVERAGE The user will also be prompted for input when importing ARC INFO files containing linear features line coverage data Like polygon data linear features are constructed by the series of arcs a k a vectors defining their perimeters If the user selects LINE coverage the prompts seen by the user will be different in two respects from those for POLYGON coverage First the user will not be asked whether or not a neatline is desired and s
56. LSO tig rim sh m tiger region v db rim tiger info sh AUTHOR Jim Hinthorne and David Satnik GIS Lab Central Washington University Ellensburg WA 87 v in tiger scs NAME v in tiger scs Converts ASCH TIGER data files from the U S Dept of Commerce Bureau of the Census SCS GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v in tiger scs v in tiger scs help v in tiger scs cv tigl name tig2 name out name cfc namel name DESCRIPTION This program imports Census line features from TIGER records typel and type2 into GRASS vector format Both pre Census and post Census data formats can be used Specific Census Feature Class Codes CFCC can be extracted completely or in various combinations These codes are described in the TIGER line Census Files 1990 documentation available from the Bureau of the Census An additional feature code consisting of the three letters BOU may also be specified to extract a county boundary Condensed Record 1 files may be imported with the c flag These files should be identified with a Wom trailing x character on the filename COMMAND LINE OPTIONS Flags C Condensed TIGER file v Verbose output Parameters tigl name TIGER file 1 tig2 name TIGER file 2 out name New vector file name cfc name name Specific Census Feature Class CFCC codes EXAMPLE To extract all Primary Al and Secondary A2 roads from a county s TIGER files the following command would
57. Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v psu v psu help v psu input name output name psu name subj name xdist name ydist name DESCRIPTION This program builds a complete PSU polygon and PSU points from a single labeled line segment identifying the west edge of the PSU The resultant polygon and points will be automatically labeled based on the original line segment label Parameters input name Vector input file name output name Vector output file name psu name psu_data file name subj name Subject file name xdist value x distance ydist value y distance EXAMPLE psu vect in spri out spri psu psu SD009 PNT subj bonhomme psu NOTES Refer to SCS PSU Digitizing Manual for examples and further instruction AUTHOR Paul H Fukuhara USDA SCS National Cartographic Center 121 v psu subj NAME v psu subj Converts SCS ISU PSU offset file to GRASS subject file SCS GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v psu subj v psu subj help v psu subj input name DESCRIPTION This program converts a PSU offset file as distributed by SCS into a GRASS subject file to be used with the SCS PSU digitizing package Parameter input name PSU offset file name SEE ALSO Refer to the SCS PSU Digitizing Manual for examples and further instruction AUTHOR Paul H Fukuhara USDA SCS National Cartographic Center 122 v random NAME v random Creates a GRASS site_lists file of randomly placed
58. R lt Ctrl C gt TO CANCEL 33 1 Use this choice to create a new data base in the current GRASS mapset See section below on MAKE A NEW DATA BASE 2 List available databases Like 2 on main menu 3 Delete an entire database from the current mapset The name of the database and additional confirmation of the action are prompted for Be careful 4 Choice 6 allows backup of the definition and data parts of a database to a transportable text file To rebuild or build for the first time a v db rim database from one of these text files do the following steps see if the rim directory exists ls SLOCATION rim vect if the directory was not found make it mkdir LOCATION rim mkdir LOCATION rim vect change directory to it cd LOCATION rim vect have rim build and load the binary data base files rim RIM gt input path to your textfile RIM gt exit The database is thus created in the current mapset Several v db rim commands should be run to verify the integrity of the newly created database 5 This merely shows the screen layout of the currently open database It is a useful way to quickly see the layout and review the field names and types 6 When backing up to a text file the RIM UNLOAD command is run with the output directed to a file of the user s choice See 4 above It is wise to do this operation after extensive changes or additions of data records The resulting text file can be written to tape for preservation
59. SDA SCS NHQ CGIS 51 v in arc NAME v in arc Converts data in ARC INFO format to GRASS s vector format and stores output in the user s current GRASS mapset GRASS Vector Data Import Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v in arc v in arc help v in arc n type name lines_in name points_in name text_in name vector_out name idcol value catcol value attcol value DESCRIPTION The user may wish to use GRASS programs on data files that were created by other GISs To do this the user must first convert data files in these systems formats to GRASS s file format Bringing data from other systems into GRASS is termed file import Sending GRASS data files out into other systems formats is termed file export A variety of GRASS programs exist to import and export data to and from GRASS The v in arc program will convert vector data in ARC INFO s Generate format to GRASS s vector file format and bring it into the user s current GRASS mapset The files to be imported to GRASS must first have been exported from ARC INFO using the ARC INFO Ungenerate command and may represent either linear features line coverage or areal features polygon coverage The ARC INFO User s Guide describes how files containing linear and polygonal features can be exported from ARC INFO in a section detailing the use of the Ungenerate command Note The ARC coverage must be set to single precision before running Ungenerate If it
60. TO CANCEL Comments This is the Main Menu You must select by entering x one of the Point Area or Line choices The viewing of the CFCC codes is optional but is usually done initially The following screen results from a request to View CFCC Codes after selecting Point features TIGER Type 7 file lt tgr53037 f 47 gt examined 15 unique CFCC codes found in 123 records Mark x to see list on screen Enter file name home directory to save list to file AFTER COMPLETING ALL ANSWERS HIT lt ESC gt TO CONTINUE OR lt Ctrl C gt TO CANCEL Comments You may request to see the list on the screen or have the list sent to a file in your home directory or both If you request neither the program returns to the Main Menu Both point and area landmarks are reported if either Point or Area was selected on the Main Menu If Line was requested on the Main Menu all the CFCC codes in the Type Basic Data Record file will be tabulated this can be a useful product for other purposes remember that the Type 1 file is large and this processing may take a few minutes or more The following is typical output of CFCC Codes TIGER Type 7 file lt tgr53037 f47 gt Number of Each Area Landmark CFCC 6 DOO Landmark Feature Class Unknown or Not Elsewhere Classified D10 Military installation D28 Campground D31 Hospital D43 Educational institution D81 Golf course POR R Ww 82 7 D82 Cemetery 14 D85 State or local park or
61. a node at every line crossing and will delete all hanging lines of length less than the specified threshold COMMAND LINE OPTIONS Flag i Only do Identical line removal pass Parameters map name Name of the binary vector file to be fixed threshold value Node snapping threshold value NOTES The user must run v support after running v spag to correct the topology dig_plus file v spag generally deletes many lines from the input vector map layer Because deleted lines are not eliminated from a vector data dig file but are only marked as deleted the user will probably wish to run v clean on the vector file after running v spag to eliminate any deleted lines from the dig file and decrease its size SEE ALSO v clean v digit v support AUTHOR David Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 139 v Stats NAME v stats Prints information about a binary GRASS vector map layer GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v stats v stats help v stats h map name DESCRIPTION The program v stats will print to standard output information about a user specified binary GRASS vector map layer Flag h Display header information from the vector file Parameter map name Name of the binary GRASS vector file to be queried The program will be run non interactively if the user specifies the parameter value and optionally sets the h flag on the command line using the form
62. a label value Text report to stdout in one of two formats Any arithmetic expression combining constants with any of the more than 900 hundred demographic numeric fields can be defined and will be evaluated by the Unix bc l utility to compute the value for each input record The location coordinates for the polygon label point or the site location is obtained from certain columns 269 287 in the input records making this program quite specific for the specified types of STFl and PL94 171 input file records Use with other types of input data is not advised SOME PARAMETERS EXPLAINED BRIEFLY out att for results to vector map attribute file site for results to site list for results to stdout this is the default table for results in table form to stdout with the column value s represented by the Lxxx Lxxx string preceding the expression value instead of easting and northing Lxxx is in same choice of representation as column designation in formula see below formula mapname Computation with STFIA columns constants and bc operators see below mapname of vector or site map to make is required in all cases but ignored for or table output modes name_field name is Keyword in stdin stream preceding the number of a STFl record to read from input_stf1 file The number is a physical sequence number not a record identification number This parameter is appropriate only in special uses of this program If a is give
63. a map it may be necessary to break the boundary of an existing area The user MUST REMEMBER that breaking the boundary of a named area REMOVES THE LABEL and the area MUST BE RELABELED prior to leaving v digit or v rmedge will REMOVE that area boundary also This will result in missing data in a patching operation SEE ALSO v digit v merge v patch AUTHOR R L Glenn USDA SCS NHQ CGIS 132 v scale random NAME v scale random Creates a site_lists file of randomly placed symbols within a GRASS vector area SCS GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v scale random v scale random help v scale random n map name site name dot name outdot name scale value cover value size value DESCRIPTION v scale random allows a user to create a GRASS site_lists file containing sites randomly placed within an area This program is designed as an interface to v random to aid the user in determining the number of dots to locate This program uses the same type of file listing the category and counts This file is then modified to try to produce a pleasing dot count for a map of a specified scale OPTIONS Flag n Use category values NOT category names Parameters map name Input vector file name site name Output site_lists file name dot name Name of file containing labels and counts outdot name Name of new file to contain scaled counts scale value The denominator of the map scale Options 1 99999999
64. ad_vect map and maps allow the user to view and update this table The vector_map command which creates a new GRASS binary vector file requires that the reference vector maps for the database be accessible If a reference map is not accessible any vectors represented by the data base records that were generated from that vector map will not be transferred to a new vector map Reference vector maps may be in any mapset in the current SEARCH_PATH SECTION ONE THE COMMAND VERSION Note For each of the dot commands i e make described below there is a menu choice to select when running the interactive version The interactive menus are described in the SECTION TWO of this 21 document Some display capabilities exist in the interactive version which are not directly implemented in the command version The commands are given alphabetically here for easy reference The make command is required to create a database Abbreviations down to the string shown in are accepted this is primarily for those giving v db rim commands from a terminal but abbreviations may also be used in batch files Each command is introduced with an input record line which starts with a period and is followed by one of the words shown below for some commands the command line also contains one or more required or optional parameters Additional or optional input instructions data for a command is supplied on successive lines a end line is needed by some c
65. ame Name of the vector map layer to be displayed color name Color in which perimeter will be highlighted Default red If the user simply types v area without specifying program arguments on the command line the program will prompt the user for the name of a map Then the user is given the option of specifying a highlight color and then whether or not the display of selected area s is to be filled rather than merely outlined with the highlight color SEE ALSO d vect AUTHOR Bruce Powell National Park Service Denver CO 12 v autocorr NAME v autocorr Calculate spatial autocorrelation statistics for GRASS vector file GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v autocorr v autocorr help v autocorr chnqw vect name output name DESCRIPTION v autocorr uses a labeled binary vector file vect name to calculate spatial autocorrelation statistics for areas The output may either be printed to the screen or saved to a file vect name Flags C Print the connectivity matrix w Print the weight matrix a re expression of the connectivity matrix n Suppress calculation of statistics Useful when used with c or w h Do calculations for hypothesis testing Warning this is intensive q Quiet Cut out the chatter Parameters vect name Name of a labeled binary vector file The categories values must be numeric output name Name of the output file v autocorr can be run either non interac
66. ameters and flags have the following meanings Flag i Label areas incrementally For each unique unlabeled polygon in the vector file increment the category value by one starting from the initial user assigned value Parameters map name Name of binary GRASS vector data file whose unlabeled areas are to be labeled This map layer must exist in the user s current GRASS mapset value value The category value to be assigned to all unlabeled areas in the vector map layer If the i flag is set v alabel will increment the initial value by one for each unique unlabeled polygon in the vector map Default 1 The user can run this program non interactively by specifying parameter values and optionally the flag setting on the command line Alternately the user can simply type the command v alabel on the command line In this event the program will prompt the user to enter parameter values and flag settings NOTES A dig_plus file must be created for each imported vector map before it can be used in post GRASS 3 0 versions of digit now referred to as v digit Topological information for GRASS vector files can also be built using option 4 of the v import program The user can bulk label unlabeled line features in a binary vector file using v digit SEE ALSO v digit v import v in ascii v prune v support v to rast AUTHORS David Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory v apply census NAME v apply census
67. and for relatively simple SDTS datasets i e those with one to one object attribute relationships with all object attributes in a single attribute table an associated relational database is not necessary In addition for more complex datasets the dig_att and dig_cats files are constructed in such a way as to facilitate post import incorporation of selected data from the attribute files for use without recourse to a relational database Specifically the contents of the generated dig_att and dig_cats files are as follows dig_att Contains an entry for each attributed non composite object line polygon point each entry will be assigned a unique category integer value These integers or feature IDs FID also uniquely identify the same spatial objects in the relational database object link table dig_cats For datasets with one to one object attribute relationships and a single object related attribute module only one database ready object attribute file is created and the dig_cats records are given the same content as the generated database ready file Record structure is as follows FID obj_code attr_code attr field 1 l attr field n obj_code and attr_code are codes derived from record IDs in the SDTS dataset which function as keys in the import relational database See The GRASS SDTS User Guide for details For other datasets the dig_cats file is identical in content to the generated GRASS database object link tabl
68. arameter specifies the current MASK m if any or the current region w as a filter on the retrieved records see notes 3 and 4 below The append a or delete d options allow the found records to be added or deleted from the currently selected ones When adding duplicates will be discarded The single required line following the find line gives the program the necessary target information The following examples show the possibilities find gt 602793 90 4379010 00 will find the one record nearest these coordinates and store it append it or delete it on the internal query list 23 find gt 619840 4599000 10 will find the 10 records or fewer if there are not that many closest to the given location find gt record 132 10 will find the 10 records closest to the location label point for record 132 in the database including record 132 If record 132 does not exist no action is taken find gt distance from 472910 06 5732001 0 5000 will find all records within 5000 meters in UTM coordinates of the target location find gt distance from record 16 2500 will find all records greater than 2500 meters from the location of record 16 Notes for find 1 All records found by each find are stored on the query list in order of proximity to the target location sorted by distance from target 2 The number of records found is automatically printed to the active output device file 3 If mask is specified the effe
69. arget point 4 Query to select records SQL 5 Show selected records on Terminal 6 Display maps selected vectors on graphics terminal 7 Output selected records to Printer or File 8 Create vector site maps from selected records mn Add Edit Site Records 9 View a single record 10 Add a record 11 Change a record 12 Delete a single record or all selected records Rear Other functions Shell Command Exit 13 Make a new data base amp Management Functions 29 14 Execute a shell command 0 Done Exit from v db rim AFTER COMPLETING ALL ANSWERS HIT lt ESC gt TO CONTINUE OR lt Ctrl C gt TO EXIT THIS PROGRAM 1 Open a data base If a data base is already open it is closed before the requested one is opened Only data bases in the user s current mapset may be modified others are opened in read only mode this will be indicated on line 2 of the menu 2 List available databases For each mapset in the current GRASS mapset search path the names of the existing vector databases are listed 3 Find records in the database relative to a specified target location This is used to select records based on proximity to the target and optionally records within the current region and optionally records falling in active cells within the current GRASS mask The label point coordinates are used for these spatial tests Two modes of targeting are provided the N records closest to the target and all records within
70. as raster files specified by the options slope aspect pcurv tcurv mcurv respectively If d flag is set the program outputs partial derivatives fx fy fxx fyy fxy instead of slope aspect profile tangential and mean curvatures respectively If the input data have time stamp the program creates time stamp for all output files User can define a raster file named maskmap which will be used as a mask The interpolation is skipped for cells that have zero or NULL value in mask NULL values will be assigned to these cells in all output raster files Data points are checked for identical points and points that are closer to each other than the given dmin are removed Additional points are used for interpolation between each 2 points on a line if the distance between them is greater than specified dmax Parameter zmult allows user to rescale the z values useful e g for transformation of elevations given in feet to meters so that the proper values of slopes and curvatures can be computed Regularized spline with tension is used for the interpolation The tension parameter tunes the character of the resulting surface from thin plate to membrane For noisy data it is possible to define a smoothing parameter smooth With the smoothing parameter set to zero smooth 0 the resulting surface passes exactly through the data points When smoothing parameter is used it is possible to output site file devi containing deviations of the resulting surface from
71. as with rapid change of gradient and segmentation can be visible Increase tension should solve the problems There are two options how tension can be applied in relation to dnorm dnorm rescales the coordinates depending on the average data density so that the size of segments with segmax 40 points is around 1 this ensures the numerical stability of the computation 1 Default used also in s surf tps the given tension is applied to normalized data x dnorm which means that the distances are multiplied rescaled by tension dnorm If density of points is changed e g by using higher dmin the dnorm changes and tension needs to be changed too to get the same result Because the tension is applied to normalized data its suitable value is usually within the 10 100 range and 146 does not depend on the actual scale distances of the original data which can be km for regional applications or cm for field experiments 2 Flag t experimental for s surf rst The given tension is applied to un normalized data rescaled tension tension dnorm 1000 is applied to normalized data x dnorm and therefore dnorm cancels out so here tension truly works as a rescaling parameter For regional applications with distances between points in km the suitable tension can be 500 or higher for detailed field scale analysis it can be 0 1 To help select how much the data need to be rescaled the program writes dnorm and rescaled tension tension dnorm 1000 at t
72. bel text file which associates each line ID number with a category number and attribute text These data files are described in further detail below under the DATA FILE FORMATS section INTERACTIVE MODE The program will prompt the user for the flag setting and parameter values if the user does not specify these on the command line First the user will be asked to assign a name to the vector file to store program output 53 VECTOR DIGIT FILENAME Enter list for a list of existing binary vector files Hit RETURN to cancel request gt Next the user is asked to specify the COVERAGE feature type to be imported into GRASS Valid coverage types are polygon and line COVERAGE TYPE Enter polygon or line Hit RETURN to cancel request gt IMPORTING A POLYGON COVERAGE If the user chooses POLYGON coverage he is asked if he wishes a neatline placed around his data The existence of neatlines in the output file can facilitate subsequent patching of data files NEATLINE Do you want a neatline Enter yes or no gt If the user types yes vectors that box the data will be inserted into the GRASS vector output file vector_out otherwise no neatline will be inserted into the output file Next the user is prompted for the name of an existing lines file containing the geographic coordinates of the arcs forming polygon perimeters The lines file is created with the ARC INFO Ungenerate LINES option and is in the same for
73. built in the dig_att directory the lines are given the area boundary type and line labels are the record numbers 9 digits The Type 1 file may contain the records for a complete county a subset for a county or those from more than one county concatenated The Type 2 file must contain all those records corresponding to the Type 1 records but may contain extra records which will not be used Typically a subset of Type 1 records is used and a full county Type 2 file is used 77 The program should function well independent of the termination character s at the end of each line in the input files lt LF gt lt CR gt neither one or both are acceptable Different distribution media apparently have different record delimiting characters The p flag should not normally be used It causes the program to build a disk file pointer table for all of the Type 2 records each time the program runs rather than using the table built previously Detection naming and verification of the pointer file are automatic It is created in the tmp space in the user s location THE tlid PARAMETER The file specified by the tlid parameter may be of any size Any number at the beginning of a line will be interpreted to be the TLID of a Type 1 record which is to be included in the output map Other information on these lines is ignored as are lines which do not begin with a number If fewer than 5000 numbers are in this file it is only read once and execu
74. ce for the preparation of supplemental metadata for an SDTS export dataset The user specifies a map layer in his current mapset and then a file of metadata information pertaining to the named map The program copies the specified metadata file to a standard location in the user s mapset under the dig_misc directory Later when v out sdts is run for the same map layer the items in the metadata file will be incorporated in various places in the export dataset While the metadata file can be prepared by the user it s format and contents are strictly defined An alternative is to use the interface program v sdts meta with which the user can prepare and install a correctly formatted metadata file COMMAND LINE OPTIONS Flags f Force overwriting of pre existing metadata file Parameters map name Name of vector map layer to which the specified metadata file applies metafile name Name of file to be installed as a metadata file for the specified map NOTES The format of the metadata source file is rather highly specified Following is a list of the items that can be included in the file Note that each item is preceded by a particular code The code and the following must be entered intact for each included metadata item The colon is then immediately followed by the user supplied information IDEN_MPDT creation date of original source map Y YY Y or YYMMDD format IDEN_TITL general title for contents of transfer for TITL field i
75. ctive region is automatically set to the current region because the GRASS mask is only defined for the current region 4 Region and mask filtering uses the current resolution for the region to test if a point falls within a cell 5 In the last two examples the string distance from must be exactly matched Also the word record must be exactly matched 6 If the distance from radius is given as a negative value points outside the target circle are selected whereas if a positive value is given points inside the circle are selected 7 The current region may be changed with g region or d zoom prior to doing a find and the mask may be set or removed with a variety of GRASS commands 8 The find gt prompt is given only when input is from a terminal 9 The distance between the target location and a record for a line or an area is actually the distance between the target location and the representative point that is stored in the data base This can lead to unexpected results when the representative point label point for a line or area is not near the center of the feature help h Prints a help screen to the output device or file Useful to have when using v db rim from a terminal or when writing a script file of commands input i file The lines in the given file are read and processed as commands or data until an end of file is reached or until a exit command is found Input files may call other input f
76. ctor map name new value Enter 0 or a desired NEW category value list range Category ranges For example 1 3 8 13 For example Abc Def2 XyZ file name Text file name for category range list EXAMPLE GISBASE etc v extract d list 1 2 3 4 amp input soils output soil_groupa type area new 1 41 Produces a new vector area file soil_groupa containing area boundaries from soils with area category values of thru 4 any common boundaries are dissolved and all areas of the new map will be assigned category value 1 GISBASE etc v extract dn list Abc Def1 12A WWd amp input soils output soil_groupa type area new 0 Produces a new vector area file soil_groupa containing area boundaries from soils with area category names of Abc Defl 12A WWd these names correspond to values 1 thru 4 of soils Any common boundaries are dissolved all areas of the new map will be retain their original category values thru 4 in this case since new was set to 0 GISBASE etc v extract n input soils output soil_groupa amp type area new 1 file sample Produces a new vector area file soil_groupa containing area boundaries from soils No common boundaries are dissolved all areas of the new map will be assigned category value 1 The names n option can be found in the file sample of the current directory The format for sample is Abc Defl 12A WWd AUTHOR R L Glenn USDA SCS NHQ CGIS 42 v geom NAME v
77. d by v in dlg to create a dig_plus file containing the file topology before using the output file in v digit The user can avoid this two step process by converting the ASCII DLG 3 file to binary GRASS vector format using option of the GRASS program v import Give precedence to line information default is area Parameters Name of USGS DLG 3 Optional format input file Name to be assigned to the binary GRASS vector files created Name of file with multiple attributes optional Identifier base for multiple attributes default is 1 If the user simply types v in dlg without specifying parameter values on the command line the program will prompt the user to enter these Area vs Line Precedence Some machine processed DLG 3 files do not make the distinction between line edges and area edges For example in a roads map where the desired information is line edge data a downtown block surrounded by roads may be processed as an area Because of this the user is asked to choose whether to give precedence to areas or lines If 58 precedence is given to lines the user should be aware that any lines that bound unlabeled areas in the DLG 3 file will be stored as line data Any unlabeled areas would therefore be lost this is only a concern when areas are unlabeled labeled area information will be retained If precedence is given to areas lines will be stored as boundaries to areas that are unlabeled Building support files with v support
78. d map The program then creates or appends to if the SUBJ file exists a subject file of all of the labels giving a unique category value to each This program was designed to create a common category file from maps of areas that have the same category labels but different category values and that must be joined merged together COMMAND LINE OPTIONS Parameters map name Vector map source for composite subj name New SUBJ file name SEE ALSO v merge AUTHOR R L Glenn USDA SCS NHQ CGIS 95 v merge NAME v merge Merges vector map files SCS GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v merge v merge help v merge mv map name name output name subj name DESCRIPTION Program to read the dig_cats file for each named map The program then compares the category label NOT the value to the labels in the named subject file If the label is found in the subject file the corresponding attribute values of the map are changed to the subject file category value When all maps are completed a patch operation is performed This program was designed to merge maps for areas that have the same category labels but different category values associated with those labels There are two flags for v merge Flags m Use RAM to hold subject file category values This may be faster than the default use of disc files however memory may not be large enough for all of the subject file v By default only the
79. d very convenient windowing capabilities Features are color coded for ease of identification and verification Different color schemes may be user chosen to customize a digitizing session Area line and point features may be digitized in both stream and point modes Both a mouse and a digitizer may be used to perform windowing functions Labeling and editing are done from within v digit rather than through a separate set of programs v digit has capabilities that allow users to convert vector map layers to GRASS raster format to overlay already existing vector map layers onto the feature being digitized and set a multitude of parameters to customize a digitizing session v digit may be used with or without a digitizer Many options are available if no digitizer is used All options available within v digit are contained within ten menus Movement from menu to menu is done by choosing the movement options specified at the bottom of each menu SEE ALSO GRASS Tutorial digit Its Use and Its Features v import V in ascii v out ascli v out rast v support 36 AUTHORS David Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Mike Higgins U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 37 v digit2 NAME v digit2 A menu driven highly interactive map development program used for vector digitizing editing labeling and converting vector data to raster format GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x
80. da rias 72 A Suede nannte enge 75 A A sheet 77 A FECENERLRREENNEPEEBLEDEREFRERLUHERESEDLFEPRERRESRERLEDFFEPRERELRTS 79 A A 86 INSERENT 88 ae AIS ES ERNEUERT A A RER CHEN RER RTTEUERE 90 CLAMS A A wakes anos ae aces oe des Reese 93 v make subj O ben 95 VAMC OS Eee eek 96 O 97 O 99 VOUL Arc erahnen 101 A 104 A a tty ret Rot TT Tee 105 OU E 106 Topic Page BU OLLI oi wag Rs aes eae rn ee 107 o A A EEE 108 O TT A eee A AA eee AS 109 US as 110 WUE A A A T A AN 112 A AA E E R e 114 VoD AME EE ET he Gta OI adG OUR ada da 116 o see insel 118 E 119 E 120 PSU A 121 EPS Ed 122 vrand erea a do 123 O sass tases DL eed anaes ee ee ts 124 vreclass INE E ids Gad Het GST aed SEMA dira 127 O 1 29 A odeysea ignite yhtaoss oat gues E peak Gots EE 132 WeSC Ale TADO asien E eiserne 133 KRS a K o ab a ueontdca becapeatinens 134 SM ee ee ei Diese 136 WSUS NIGER 0 S PERS PRVEIER ER EPRVER A CEHOERETEOETSEFRENG 137 NED ee ho eee ee es 139 A A TERBENDENRERSTERLERNERDENRRERNTETESSERDLIRSEEFELTERSENDEISERRERTN 140 VSUDPO a EEE E E T 142 A een 144 A a aaa 149 ID EHUPIOE a A en eier delete 151 VAOTASL Ginna ids diria odia dd 152 A OS ON 153 WAT AUS KO a i a seh ESE A EEEE A E ES 155 AV TID EPERE RT 158 Vs WIA EEE EEEE A A 160 GRASS Introduction GRASS Geographic Resources Analysis Support System is a raster based GIS vector GIS image processing system and graphics production system GRASS contains over 200 programs and tools to render
81. data are exported two such files will be created a lines file with the suffix lin and a label text file with the suffix txt Export of unlabeled polygon or line coverage data will result in creation of a lines file lin suffix only See the DATA FILE FORMATS section for more information on these files EXAMPLE Linear features and polygon data are made up of the series of arcs a k a vectors outlining their perimeters The ARC INFO Users Guide in its discussion of the Ungenerate command explains how line and polygon coverage data can be created from files like prefix lin and prefix pol containing the geographic coordinates of these arcs and from files like prefix lab containing the geographic coordinates of label points Below is an example which illustrates the creation within ARC INFO of a polygon coverage data file named soils from the files soils pol and soils lab Arc GENERATE SOILS Generate INPUT soils pol Generate LINES Generating lines Generate INPUT soils lab Generate POINTS Generating points Generate QUIT Arc _ The above example would create a polygon coverage data file named soils with label points The label points would have ID numbers that correspond to the GRASS category values for the polygons in the coverage The INFO portion of ARC INFO can be used to associate these label point ID numbers with descriptive text from the soils txt file DATA FILE FORMATS LINES FILE also know as prefix li
82. ded by Jan Moorman U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 7 90 Code for arcs and circles from National Park Service GIS Division written by Tom Howard 66 v in dxf3d NAME v in dxf3d Converts the Z values of DXF files to attribute GRASS vector file format GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x SYNOPSIS v in dxf3d v in dxf3d help v in dxf3d dxf name lines name name DESCRIPTION The v in dxf3d data conversion program generates GRASS dig_att files from a DXF file with Z values This program in conjunction with v in dxf is ideal for automatically importing to GRASS vector file layers with Z values isolines and level contours from DXF format files First the v in dxf program should be run to import the DXF polylines to binary GRASS vector file format dig Later the DXF Z values of the isolines layers with v in dxf3d dig_att must be imported and finally run v support to attach at this layers their elevations The v in dxf3d sh script can be used to make all this automatically for a maximum of two isolines layers normally contours and master contours from one DXF file The v in dxf program only recognizes by now the Z values from polylines entities in the DXF format OPTIONS Parameters dxf Name of the DXF input design file from where will be extracted the Z values line Name s of layer s in DXF input file containing isoline data with Z values and the name s to be assigned to the
83. des U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 141 v support NAME v support Creates GRASS support files for binary GRASS vector data GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v support v support help v support spr map name option name threshold value DESCRIPTION v support builds GRASS support files for binary GRASS vector data files These support files supply topology dig_plus and category dig_att information that are needed by other GRASS programs e g by v digit v to rast etc The program gives the user the options of 1 building topological information the dig_plus file needed by v digit for the vector data file and or 2 editing the category label dig_cats file associated with the vector data file OPTIONS Program parameters and flags have the following meanings Flags 5 Snap nodes Valid only with build option p Prompt user for threshold value Valid only with build option This flag is designed to be used only by the v import program and can usually be ignore r Reset corners of map region from range of data values Parameters map name Name of binary GRASS vector data file for which support files are to be created or modified This map layer must exist in the user s current GRASS mapset option name Build topology information dig_plus file or edit categories dig_att file for map Options build edit Default edit threshold value Snappin
84. e Each group of records therefore forms the basis for a single category in the resulting GRASS vector map v reclass inf processes each SELECT statement in order returning groups of records which will form a single category in the resulting map As each SELECT statement is processed the group of records returned receives a common category value The category value is incremented by one for each subsequent SELECT statement which is processed The resulting reclass map will have one category for each of the original SELECT statements For example the rows associated with the first SELECT statement will be assigned to category 1 those associated with the second SELECT statement will be assigned to category 2 and so on The output map will contain only those line segments associated with database rows returned by the SELECT statement s COMMAND LINE OPTIONS Flags d Dissolve common boundaries between reclassed areas Parameters sql filename Name of file containing SQL query statements key database_column_name Key column in db type area line Key column in db input map Name of existing vector file to be reclassed using query output output map Name of new raster reclass file EXAMPLE produces vector map of primary and secondary roads v reclass inf sql vect sql key tlid input t roads inf output t roads 12 127 vect sql SELECT UNIQUE tlid cfec FROM typel WHERE cfcc MATCHES A1 ORDER BY tlid SELECT UNIQUE tlid cfec
85. e Number of label text column containing line ID numbers catcol value GRASS category column in label text file Number of label text column containing category values attcol value GRASS attribute column in label text file Number of label text column containing attribute text This program can be run either non interactively or interactively The program will run non interactively if the user specifies the optional flag setting and needed parameter values on the command line using the form v in arc n type name lines_in name points_in name text_in name vector_out name idcol value catcol value attcol value Alternately the user can type v in arc on the command line without program arguments in this case the program will prompt the user for the flag setting and parameter values in the manner shown below In ARC INFO three files are used to store polygon data 1 a lines file which contains coordinates of all the area edge lines 2 a label point file which contains coordinates of label points each of which has associated with it a unique label point ID number One label point is associated with each polygon defined in the lines file 3 a label text file which associates each label point ID number with a category number and category attribute text Linear feature data are stored in two files 1 a lines file which contains geographic coordinates defining lines each with a line ID number and 2 a la
86. e and records would have the structure FID obj_code or FID obj_code attr_code SDTS IMPORT AND USE OF A RELATIONAL DATABASE Full discussion of this topic may be found in the GRASS SDTS User Guide FILE NAMES vector map name if the SDTS dataset contains a single map layer or if a single map layer from a multiple map dataset the name specified in output is used as is Otherwise the name is extended with integers to specify the individual layers relational database file names see the GRASS SDTS User Guide SEE ALSO m sdts read v in sdts v out sdts v sdts dp cp v sdts meta cp v sdts meta AUTHORS David Stigberg U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Tin Qian University of Illinois 74 v in shape NAME v in shape Read an ESRI ArcView file GRASS Raster Data Import Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v in shape v in shape help v in shape s input name mapset name verbose debug level logfile name attribute a_name DESCRIPTION The v in shape program is designed to import ESRI ArcView Shapefiles v in shape will be run non interactively 1f the user specifies program arguments on the command line using the form v in shape s input name mapset name verbose debug level logfile name attribute a_name Alternately the user can simply type v in shape on the command line without program arguments In this case the user will be prompted for parameter values using the
87. e from clause results in a final sorting by proximity to the target 27 2 See the RIM User s Manual and the s db rim manual page for additional information on the where clause in the select command especially the quotes required for matching character string text fields and the allowed comparison operators These are also described in SECTION TWO of this manual entry 3 In the example where clauses above density date county east and name are field names column names in RIM defined when the user initially makes the database 4 Each query or find resets the internal query list unless the append or delete options are used In no case is a record allowed to be duplicated on the query list read_vect re vector_map_name attribute_field text_field This command will read an existing GRASS vector map and create a data base record for each labeled area line and point The sequence number field will automatically be generated starting from one greater than the highest current number in the database If the optional attribute_field is provided it must be an integer field and it will be filled with the area line or point attribute label If the optional text_field is provided and a category description file a dig_cats file exists for the vector map the category descriptions will be copied into the given text field Once the records have been loaded by read_vect use change to add data to other fields for thos
88. e keeps the distinction between lines and area edges the user is not asked to give precedence to either However the user will be asked if the user wants to snap from nodes to other nodes within a calculated threshold This process is done in two phases 1 The ASCII vector file is converted to a binary vector file and the dig_plus support file is created 2 The dig_plus support file is created by analyzing the vector file for topological information Binary Vector File to GRASS Vector Creates the dig_plus support file This process is done in one phase 1 The dig_plus support file is created by analyzing the vector file for topological information Ascii SCS GEF File to GRASS Vector Creates the dig_plus dig_att and dig_cats support files Creates a registration coordinates file Allows a user to create a GRASS vector file from a SCS GEF format ASCH file 1 The program will first request the name of the SCS GEF file to be read in it expects to find the data in the LOCATION gef directory 2 The program will then request the name of a GRASS vector file 3 The program will then request the name of a SUBJECT file A subject file will be used to assign GRASS category codes to the SCS GEF data It is structured the same as a dig_cats category file It is suggested that a SUBJ directory be created in the GRASS location and a file containing all SCS GEF text labels by category be created This will be required to provide consistency across
89. e printed at time of retrieval rather than after the completion of the query command by including a print p line with the same options for print format as in the print command see above e g p a to output in the list add format The print clause must be entered as a separate line to the query prompt This feature is most useful when working with very large databases where retrieval time is significant See example 2 below Example 1 query gt where density lt 20 and date 10 14 89 query gt or county eq San Marcos query gt end Example 2 query gt where east lt 600000 and name like Jones query gt distance from record 12 3000 query gt print a query gt end Example 3 query gt end The where and distance from clauses are each optional If both are omitted only the mask and region on the query command line restrict the search if mask and region are also omitted all records will be retrieved Example 3 When querying for records the where clause is processed first the current region and mask tested if requested then the distance from clause is applied a record must pass all tests to be put on the internal query list or appended or deleted for output by other commands Notes Also see Notes for find 1 The retrieved records are stored on the internal query list in the order returned from the data base by RIM not necessarily in sequence number order or the order the data was loaded A distanc
90. e records Note Only labeled areas lines and points are imported from the vector map remove This command which requires a y as confirmation on the next line entirely removes the three binary files which constitute your RIM database Use with care Backup files must be removed individually by the user if desired show sh This command is used to output the screen or page layout as defined for the current database It serves as documentation of the data base definition and as a reminder for field names types and lengths By using an editor to surround the output of show with make and end lines it can be used to reload the data base definition with input site_list si file_name field_name This command writes the location coordinates representative point and a comment to the specified file in the site_list directory in the current mapset for each record currently selected If the site file exists the sites are appended to the current list otherwise a new site list file is created A field name may be optionally specified if so the contents of that field retrieved from the appropriate site record are inserted as the comment following a in the site list the record number is used if no field name is given Such site lists may be used as input to s db rim A comment line is inserted in the site_list file with the current date and time and the name of the database producing the site locations The format used fo
91. e target If a specific record is used as the target it s representative point label point is the target coordinates and it is always placed first in the retrieved list If a mouse is chosen to select the target point a menu to display reference maps is presented exactly as in choice 6 prior to actually activating the mouse QUERY FIND REGION MASK TARGET SELECTION MENU Data base lt arch gt READONLY in mapset lt PERMANENT gt open 25 records Mark requests with x and enter required values Respect current region x Respect current MASKx forces current region A Find all sites within or outside a circular target x and give the radius negative for outside 1500 00 OR 32 B Find a number of sites nearest a point and the number of sites requested After selecting A or B complete one of these 1 x to select target point with mouse x 2 Enter site number for target point 3 Target coordinates east 0 00 north 0 00 Append a or Delete d to the current FIND QUERY list Reset to default choices for this menu _ AFTER COMPLETING ALL ANSWERS HIT lt ESC gt TO CONTINUE OR lt Ctrl C gt TO CANCEL QUERY COMMAND MENU The following screen completes the information for a query choice 4 It may be left blank if no where clause is required After a successful query the selected records are displayed one at a time by hitting ESC CTRL C will quit the display and return to the main menu where several choices of
92. e to be used for the SDTS Positional Accuracy PA data quality report AA name Name of file to be used for the SDTS Attribute Accuracy AA data quality report LC name Name of file to be used for the SDTS Logical Consistency LC data quality report CG name Name of file to be used for the SDTS Completeness CG data quality report NOTES Data Quality report files should be simple narrative text files After the files have been installed with v sdts dq cp v out sdts will convert the installed copy of each report to SDTS ISO 8211 format Each paragraph in the original file will become a separate record in the SDTS data quality module Parameter names HL PA AA LC CG are SDTS codes for different data quality modules HL Lineage PA Positional Accuracy etc Data quality files to be installed can be created as well as installed with v sdts meta SEE ALSO m sdts read v in sdts v out sdts v sdts dp cp v sdts meta cp v sdts meta 134 AUTHORS David Stigberg U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Tin Qian University of Illinois 135 v sdts meta NAME v sdts meta Interactive menu driven utility to create and install supplementary metadata and data quality reports for a vector map preparatory to their incorporation in an SDTS transfer dataset GRASS Vector Data Export Processing Program GRASS VERSION 4 x SYNOPSIS v sdts meta DESCRIPTION This menu driven Tcl Tk program enables the user to prepare a
93. e used for line ID numbers Next you will be prompted to enter the number of the column to be used for GRASS category values The category number column MUST contain only integers Enter the number of the column that is to be used for GRASS category values and the number of the column to be used for GRASS attribute text The attribute text column can contain a floating point number an integer or a word Enter the number of the 49 column that should be used as for GRASS attribute text Once you enter the column numbers the program will begin conversion of the ARC INFO Ungenerate files into GRASS vector format DATA FILE FORMATS Following are examples of the data files discussed in the section above LINES FILE also known as xxx lin or xxx pol file This type of file can be created in ARC INFO by using the lines subcommand of the Ungenerate command Each line or arc is defined by a line ID number followed by a list of at least two easting and northing coordinate pairs followed by a line with the word END The file is terminated with the word END The line ID number is only important for line coverages For a line coverage the line ID number is the number that associates each line with its attribute data 3 711916 000000 4651803 000000 711351 875000 4651786 000000 END 3 709562 500000 4651731 000000 709617 250000 4651624 000000 709617 250000 4651567 000000 709585 000000 4651503 000000 709601 125000 4651470 000000 70969
94. e v import program This program will convert pre 4 0 version GRASS vector files to 4 0 format v support creates support files only for binary vector files located in the user s current mapset SEE ALSO v digit v import v in ascii v prune v to rast AUTHORS David Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Michael Higgins U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 143 v surf rst NAME v surf rst interpolation and topographic analysis from given contour data in vector format to GRASS floating point raster format using regularized spline with tension GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v surf rst v surf rst help v surf rst drct input name elev name slope name aspect name pcurv name tcurv name mcurv name maskmap name dmin val dmax val zmult val tension val smooth val segmax val npmin val devi name treefile name overfile name DESCRIPTION This program interpolates the z values from vector data e g contours isolines given in a vector file named input to grid cells in the output raster file elev representing a surface As an option simultaneously with interpolation topographic parameters slope aspect profile curvature measured in the direction of steepest slope tangential curvature measured in the direction of a tangent to contour line or mean curvature are computed and saved
95. ea units c me VECTOR MAP CATEGORY REPORT LOCATION spearfish Wed Apr 24 15 59 22 1991 Inorth 4928000 east 609000 WINDOW south 4914000 west 590000 129 square meters Category Information description count DIDO BWNHEO w Q w Ne Q w w fan DERT BE bere OBWNHRO QAQAAAAA ap way m UU ti 16 GdE Following is a sample table generated by v report type line v report hfq map roads type line units c me f VECTOR MAP CATEGORY REPORT LOCATION spearfish Wed Apr 24 16 34 24 1991 Category Information description count meters feet north 4928000 east 609000 WINDOW south 4914000 west 590000 res 100 res 100 MAP roads in grass 010 00000000e 00 111 71169450e 05 2 5 85232360e 05 5 6 65371740e 05 719 18686470e 05 1311 23052087e 06 15 7 16046145e 06 23 2 30631653e 06 9 1 26339976e 06 18 3 53705437e 07 15 2 95884910e 06 18 3 50254750e 06 2 1 11726840e 05 8 4 34185839e 07 3 1 12212602e 06 2 2 2 T7T70 59206 05 81687130e 05 5 3 81216040e 06 1 1 08310000e 02 O no data 5 0 0000000e 00 0 0000000e 00 llinterstate a net Da Kol wa 51 7 5353920e 04 2 4722114e 05 2 primary highway hard surface 60 4 4100270e 04 1 4468417e 05 3 secondary highway hard surface 42 3 4949180e 04 1 1466127e 05 4 light duty road imprvd surface 512 1 8597865e 05 6 1015875e 05 Slunimproved road zum les te os ee 153 2 2
96. eates a dig_cats file with the correct code label correspondence The program v a b dlg must be run after this program to create the GRASS vector files It is assumed that the DLG data file contains only one set of geographic information i e areas or lines or points This program WILL FAIL if mixed data is encountered Degenerate lines are accepted in this program as point data DLG att File format The DLG att attribute file format is simple field 1 DLG areallinelpoint number field 2 Label OPTIONS Flags u DLG file contains universe area f An attribute file is included Parameters dig name ASCII DLG dlg file name bdlg name Binary DLG bdlg file name att name DLG attribute dlg att file name 62 SEE ALSO v digit v import v in dlg AUTHOR R L Glenn USDA SCS NHQ CGIS P W Carlson USDA SCS NHQ CGIS 63 v in dxf NAME v in dxf Converts files in DXF format to ASCII or binary GRASS vector file format GRASS Vector Data Import Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v in dxf v in dxf help v in dxf a dxf name lines name name labels name name prefix name DESCRIPTION The v in dxf data conversion program generates GRASS dig dig_ascii and dig_att files from a file in DXF format Each layer in the DXF input file is converted to a separate dig or dig_ascii layer For each DXF layer containing text a dig_att file is also created These output files are placed in the
97. econd no label points file name will be requested In other respects the treatment of LINE coverage is identical to that for POLYGON coverage The user is prompted for the name of the lines file containing the geographic coordinates of these arcs The lines file must first have been created with the ARC INFO Ungenerate LINES option and is in the same format as the prefix lin file created by the GRASS v out arc program DATA FILE FORMATS Following are examples of the data files discussed above LINES FILE also known as prefix lin or prefix pol file This type of file can be created in ARC INFO by using the lines subcommand of the Ungenerate command Each line a k a arc is defined by a line ID number followed by a list of at least two easting and northing coordinate pairs followed by a line with the word END The file is terminated with the word END The line ID number is important only for line coverage data For a line coverage the line ID number is the number that associates each line with its attribute data 3 711916 000000 4651803 000000 711351 875000 4651786 000000 END 3 709562 500000 4651731 000000 55 709617 250000 4651624 000000 709617 250000 4651567 000000 709585 000000 4651503 000000 709601 125000 4651470 000000 709696 875000 4651503 000000 709720 500000 4651574 000000 709823 750000 4651575 000000 709893 125000 4651741 000000 END 3 710296 875000 4651491 000000 710295 125000 4651470 000000 71022
98. ed for GRASS category values and the number the column to be used for GRASS attribute text The attribute text column can contain a floating point number an integer or a word Enter the number of the column that should be used for GRASS attribute text Once you enter the category and attribute column numbers the program will begin conversion of the ARC INFO Ungenerate files into GRASS vector format IMPORTING A LINE COVERAGE First you are prompted for the name of the lines file containing the arc coordinates of the lines The lines file is created with the Ungenerate LINES option and is the same format as the mapname lin file created by the export vect ARC program LINES FILENAME Enter name of the file created with the lines option of the ARC INFO Ungenerate command Hit RETURN to cancel request gt The last prompt for coverage type line asks for the name of the label text file This file associates each line ID number with a text string and is the same format as the mapname txt file created by the export vect ARC program LABEL TEXT FILENAMES Enter name of file associating line ID numbers numbers with label text Hit RETURN if there is no such file gt The program will scan the label text file to determine how many columns are in the file and will then tell you how many columns are in the label text Next you will be prompted to enter the number of the column to be used for line ID numbers Enter the number of the column that is to b
99. eing transformed relatively small 156 SEE ALSO v digit v import v support AUTHOR Michael Higgins U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 157 v trim NAME v trim Trims small spurs and removes excessive nodes from a binary GRASS vector dig file GRASS Raster Program GRASS VERSION 4x 5 x SYNOPSIS v trim v trim help v trim input name output name trim value DESCRIPTION v trim scans the user specified GRASS vector input file and removes from it all lines having a length less than a user specified trimming factor Excess nodes those unnecessary to a line s definition between line junctions are also removed The resulting vector output is sent to a user named output file the original vector input file is not modified by v trim The trimming factor parameter trim value gives the user control over the size of small spurs or dangling lines to be removed The trimming factor is expressed in the same units map coordinates as the vector dig data within the user s current GRASS data base LOCATION e g in meters for UTM locations in pixels or cells for locations in an x y coordinate system etc OPTIONS The user can run this program either non interactively or interactively The program will be run non interactively if the user specifies program arguments on the command line using the form v trim input name output name trim value If vector map input and output names are given on
100. equired by SCS GEF specifications The user can run the program non interactively by specifying all program arguments on the command line in the form v out scsgef input name output name Parameters input name Name of the binary GRASS vector data file to be converted to SCS GEF format output name Name to be assigned to the SCS GEF output file created If the user does not give the names of an input and output file on the command line the program will prompt the user to enter these names NOTES The v out scsgef program requires that the input vector map layer have full topological information associated with it This means that the GRASS program v support should have been the last program to 110 have effected any changes upon the vector map layer before it is run through v out scsgef If this is not the case v out scsgef will terminate with a message that v support needs to be run SEE ALSO v export v import v out ascii v out dlg v out dlg scs v support AUTHOR R L Glenn USDA SCS NHQ CGIS 111 v out sdts NAME v out sdts Creates an SDTS dataset conforming to the Topological Vector Profile from a GRASS vector map layer GRASS Vector Data Export Processing Program GRASS VERSION 4 x SYNOPSIS v out sdts v out sdts help v out sdts am input name path name output name DESCRIPTION v out sdts creates an SDTS dataset that conforms to the requirements of both the federal Spatial Data Transfer Standa
101. et Map_utm14 has a utm projection the coordinates are for zonel4 meters and contains the map sample The user wants to create a new map of sample in the mapset lambert which is a Lambert Conformal Conic projection mapset The command v proj map sample outset lambert will create a new map sample in the mapset lambert changing the utm coordinates of sample into lambert coordinates If the mapset lambert did not exist v proj would have created it v proj will create dig dig_att and dig_cats directories in the output mapset if they do NOT exist Map files for dig dig_att and dig_cats are also created for the new map layer SEE ALSO m setproj AUTHOR M L Holko USDA SCS NHQ CGIS R L Glenn USDA SCS NHQ CGIS 119 v prune NAME v prune Prunes points from binary GRASS vector data files GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 X SYNOPSIS v prune v prune help v prune i input name output name thresh value DESCRIPTION The GRASS program v prune allows the user to remove extra points from a vector file This allows users to reduce disk space required by a vector file and still have data accuracy within a given tolerance Flag I The pruning threshold value is specified in map inches rather than in data base units on the ground Parameters input name Name of binary GRASS vector file containing data to be pruned output name Name to be assigned to new pruned vector output file thresh value Thresh
102. f Data Journal of Computational Physics 23 p 93 123 Wahba G 1990 Spline Models for Observational Data CNMS NSF Regional Conference series in applied mathematics 59 SIAM Philadelphia Pennsylvania 148 v surf spline NAME v surf spline GRASS module to interpolate vector contour data by fitting a cubic spline function to profiles in four directions It has two advantages over other interpolation techniques 1 The RMS Error can be calculated for EACH CELL in the DEM as well as an overall RMSE Spatial variation in error can examined 2 A cubic spline has the property of 2nd derivative being continuous therefore having implications for slope measurements Terracing effects should be minimized GRASS VERSION 4 x SYNOPSIS v surf spline rs in name out name interval value OPTIONS Flags r Rasterize contours using rooks case adjacency 5 Constrain interpolation using simple truncation Parameters in Vector contour map to be interpolated out Resultant Digital Elevation Model interval Contour interval or 0 for no interval constraint Default 0 USAGE RECOMMENDATION r contour input elevation dem output contours test step 20 v support option build map contours test g region vect contours test v surf spline in contours test out dem test interval 20 s gt dev null SPECIAL NOTE If you want to interpolate from self digitized avoid an STEP 2 ERROR in this way The region settings must satisfy the
103. f loops i e zero length edges duplicate edges and edges which are collinear and overlapping However because of the internal representation of coordinates in fix point format it can happen that certain anomalies are introduced For examples edges can cross although they don t in the input data Currently the program does not test for such cases If it occurs one of two situations will happen Either the planesweep algorithm terminates with a segmentation fault or it will loop forever For the data where we had problems these problems could be eliminated if we first used v spag BUGS Some fields of the header in the output file are not properly set REFERENCES BeEd M Bern H Edelsbrunner D Eppstein S Mitchel T S Tan Edge Insertion for Optimal Triangulations In Proc 1 Latin American Sympos Theoret Informatics 1992 46 60 Ed H Edelsbrunner Algorithms in Combinatorial Geometry Springer Verlag Heidelberg Germany 1987 EdSh H Edelsbrunner N R Shah Incremental Flipping Works for Regular Triangulations In Proc 8th Ann Sympos Comput Geom 1992 43 52 EdTa H Edelsbrunner T S Tan and R Waupotitsch An O n 2 log n Time Algorithm for the MinMax Angle Triangulation SIAM J Sci Statist Comput 13 1992 994 1008 SEE ALSO s geom AUTHOR Roman Waupotitsch 44 v import NAME v import SCS user interface to GRASS import programs SCS GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v
104. file option is used on the command line to input the transformation points the program does not ask whether or not everything is acceptable before converting the vector file and the attribute file The user is advised to run this program interactively with a specific set of transformation coordinates and to examine the resulting residuals to determine how accurate the transformation will be i e pick points with known values in both coordinate systems After the residuals are acceptable those transformation coordinates can be used with the program run non interactively to transform other maps in the same geographic area WARNING This is a general purpose program and can be fooled into giving low residuals It is strongly suggested that any transformed map be checked for accuracy The program assumes that the coordinate systems will be planimetric and has never been tested with negative values If this program is being used to transform maps from State Plane to UTM coordinates and vice versa users should be aware of the following points This program will work better with State Plane zones that use the Transverse Mercator projection Those are states that have their state zones splitting the state vertically like Illinois This program will not work as well with states that use the Lambert Conformal Conic projection Those are states that have their state zones splitting the state horizontally like Wisconsin It is also best to keep the area b
105. g may occur destroying the file With v support the user has the option of snapping or not snapping nodes and further of setting a particular snapping threshold SEE ALSO v digit v import v support AUTHOR Michael Higgins U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory David Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 61 v in dlg scs NAME v in dlg scs Developed to handle DLG 3 ASCII import of data specifically a DLG WITHOUT category attribute codes DLG files with this affliction will require a flat ASCII file having a 1 to 1 correspondence between DLG area number and a text label SCS GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v in dlg scs v in dlg scs help v in dlg scs uf dlg name bdlg name att name DESCRIPTION Under normal circumstances the v in dlg program will handle the requirements of reading DLG data and creating vector maps from it However v in dlg assumes that the DLG s file will contain major minor category numbers this is NOT always the case In some instances the user may want label names with the DLG data the current DLG 3 specification does not provide that SCS has developed this program to meet that need Notes This program is normally NOT called from the command line v import will create the command string then execute it This program converts an ASCII DLG file to a binary DLG file with attribute codes in the major minor fields and cr
106. g threshold value to be used when building topology Valid only with build option and s flag The user can run this program non interactively by specifying parameter values and optionally flag settings on the command line Alternately the user can simply type the command v support on the command line In this event the program will prompt the user to enter parameter values and flag settings If the build option is chosen the user may further specify the s flag to snap nodes in the vector file If nodes are to be snapped the user can either 1 use the calculated default threshold based on the scale of 142 vector data 2 enter the p flag causing the program to prompt the user for a snapping threshold value or 3 enter a specific threshold value on the command line The spatial assignment of category values found in the dig_att file is also performed during building of file topology The edit option allows the user to edit the category labels to be associated with the category values attached to the vector data during topology building These labels if created are then used for raster map layers derived from their vector counterparts The labels are placed in the dig_cats directory NOTES A dig_plus file must be created for each imported vector map before it can be used in post GRASS 3 0 versions of digit now referred to as v digit Topological information for GRASS vector files can also be built using option 4 of th
107. g vector map SCS GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v reclass v reclass help v reclass d type name input name output name file name DESCRIPTION v reclass allows a user to create a new vector map based on the reclassification of an existing vector map The user provides the program with a category conversion file input vector map name an output vector map name and the type of input map There is an option d to dissolve common boundaries between adjoining map areas of the same re classed category value Note The dissolve option will work on only those areas which are of the same conversion category value If a map area is inside island a converted area and is NOT converted to the same value its boundaries are output to the resultant map OPTIONS Flag d Dissolve common boundaries default is no Parameters type name Select area line or site Options area line site input name Vector input map name output name Vector output map name file name Text file name for category conversion EXAMPLE GISBASE etc v reclass d input soils output soil_groupa type area file convertl convert2 convert3 the input map soils contains 15 map area categories the conversion files contain convertl convert2 convert3 Isr 32 223 10 1 4 2 Tia Lesi 5 72 8 3 19 16 52 9553 17 72 13 53 14 3 Produces a new vector area file soil_groupa containing area boundaries from soils with area category value
108. geom Computes constrained MinMax Angle triangulation constrained MinMax Slope triangulation constrained MaxMin Height triangulation constrained planesweep triangulation constrained delaunay heuristic and convex hull of sites and prescribed edges in 2 and 2 1 2 dimensions GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v geom v geom help v geom input name output name precision value operation name DESCRIPTION v geom takes a vector file as input and computes various triangulations respecting the input edges or the convex hull of the sites The z coordinate is read from the description field if it is specified otherwise 0 is assumed The z coordinate is used for the MinMax slope triangulation For all other computations the z coordinate is ignored The MinMax angle triangulation is the triangulation for the sites which minimizes lexicographically the sorted vector of all the angles of triangles in the triangulation The constrained version also minimizes this vector but under the constrained that prescribed i e input edges are part of the final triangulation The MaxMin height and MinMax slope triangulations are similar The algorithms used for the computations are not heuristics they actually achieve the optimum We use a simple extension of the algorithm used to compute the Delaunay triangulation in s geom to compute a triangulation which can be considered an approximation of the constrained Delaunay triangulation However this is onl
109. gments bounding the polygon default set to give perimeter point spacing of 0 02 of the width of the current region based on the radius given The smallest number of segments that will be automatically used is six 6 Values down to 3 may be explicitly selected on the command line or in input lines see below A value of 3 results in an equilateral triangle 4 a square etc DISCUSSION AND ADDITIONAL INPUT LINE PARAMETERS If input is from a keyboard a prompt will be given for each input line The input lines from the file or stdin should look like this easting northing label category desc or easting northing label category desc The label for is for center points piped from s out ascii like this s out ascii d sitefile v in poly vect newvect radius 500 The polygon area label and category description are optional label is an integer and the category desc is any text string If the label value is missing the label value used is one greater than the last and the description is n sided polygon where n is the number of bounding segments In this way a series of sequentially numbered polygons may be created by just giving the easting and northing center coordinates 68 Two optional command lines may be interspersed with the input lines containing the coordinate and optional label and category descriptions These lines begin with S or R Note the restrictions on values of radius and segments parameters below S 50
110. h v digit should be able to resolve these problems Caution This program will overwrite an existing vector map of the same name without warning Site_list maps will not be overwritten Since this program opens many TIGER files at once the set for a county must reside on a disk or CD ROM not tape only file types 1 2 7 8 I and P are used so only those would have to be copied from tape to disk AUTHOR Dr James Hinthorne GIS Laboratory Central Washington University 1992 APPENDIX List of Census CFCC Landmark D Codes Extracted from file CODESTIG ASC on TIGER distribution CD ROM CFCC CLASSIFICATION D LANDMARK FEATURES DOOLandmark Feature Classification Unknown or Not Elsewhere Classified D10Military installation D20Multihousehold and transient quarters D21Apartment building or complex D22Rooming or boarding house D23Trailer court or mobile home park D24Marina D25Crew of vessel D26Housing facility for workers D27Hotel motel resort spa YMCA or YWCA D28Campground D29Shelter or mission D30Custodial facility D31Hospital D32Halfway house 84 D33Nursing home retirement home or home for the aged D34County home or poor farm D35Orphanage D36Jail or detention center D37Federal penitentiary state prison or prison farm D40Educational or religious institution D41Sorority or fraternity D42Convent or monastery D43Educational institution D44Religious institution D50Transportation terminal D51 Airp
111. hat are duplicated among the maps being patched together e g border lines will have to be edited or removed after v patch is run Such editing can be done using v digit 114 After running v patch the user must run v support on the composite vector map layer in order to create a dig_plus topology file for it At this time you can request that a very small snapping threshold be used to cause the nodes that match up across vector map layers to snap together without affecting the integrity of the remainder of the vector map layer BUGS The dig_cats and reg file information for the maps being patched together is not copied to the composite patched map layer The user should therefore run v support on the output file produced by this program SEE ALSO v digit v in ascii v mkgrid v mkquads v support parser AUTHOR David Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 115 v plant NAME v plant module to insert intermediate points on GRASS vector lines GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 3 5 x SYNOPSIS v plant v plant help v plant map name v plant is an interactive program DESCRIPTION This report describes the use and operation of the program v plant used with the GRASS GIS system The report contains i a discussion of the problem that motivated the development of the program ii a description of the method used iii the manual page describing the usage of the program iv a listing of t
112. he attribute text string 1 4 1 Coniferous 2 5 2 Deciduous 3 2 3 Rangeland SEE ALSO v in arc v support AUTHOR Dave Johnson DBA Systems Inc 103 v out ascil NAME v out ascii Converts a binary GRASS vector map layer into an ASCII GRASS vector map layer GRASS Vector Data Export Program GRASS VERSION 4x 5 x SYNOPSIS v out ascii v out ascii help v out ascii input name output name DESCRIPTION v out ascii converts a GRASS vector map in binary format to a GRASS vector map in ASCII format The program can be run non interactively if the user specifies all needed program arguments on the command line in the form v out ascii input name output name Parameters input name Name of the binary GRASS vector input file to be converted to ASCII format output name Name of the ASCII GRASS vector output file If the user runs v out ascii without giving the names of an input and output file on the command line the program will prompt the user for these names NOTES The GRASS program v in ascii performs the function of v out ascii in reverse 1 e it converts vector files in ASCII format to their binary format These two companion programs are useful both for importing and exporting vector files between GRASS and other software and for transferring data between machines The output from v out ascii will be placed in the user s current mapset under the SLOCATION dig_ascii directory v out ascii does not copy the d
113. he beginning of the program run This rescaled tension should be around 20 30 If it is lower or higher the given tension parameter should be changed accordingly The default is a recommended choice however for the applications where the user needs to change density of data and preserve the interpolation character the t flag can be helpful The program gives warning when significant overshoots appear and higher tension should be used However with tension too high the resulting surface changes its behavior to membrane rubber sheet stretched over the data points resulting in a peak or pit in each given point and everywhere else the surface goes rapidly to trend Also smoothing can be used to reduce the overshoots For data with values changing over several magnitudes sometimes the concentration or density data it is suggested to interpolate the log of the values rather than the original ones The program checks the numerical stability of the algorithm by computing the values in given points and prints the root mean square deviation rms found into the history file of raster map elev For computation with smoothing set to 0 rms should be O Significant increase in tension is suggested if the rms is unexpectedly high for this case With smoothing parameter greater than zero the surface will not pass exactly through the data points and the higher the parameter the closer the surface will be to the trend The rms then represents a measure of smoot
114. he prompt LINES FILENAME Enter name of the file created with the LINES option of the ARC INFO Ungenerate command Hit RETURN to cancel request gt 48 The next prompt for coverage type polygon asks for the name of the label points file The label points files is created with the Ungenerate POINTS option and is the same format as the mapname lab file created by the export vect ARC program The following is the prompt LABEL POINTS FILENAME Enter name of file created with the POINTS option of the ARC INFO Ungenerate command Hit RETURN if there is no such file gt The last prompt for coverage type polygon asks for the name of the label text file This file associates each label point ID number with a text string and is the same format as the mapname txt file created by the export vect ARC program The following is the prompt LABEL TEXT FILENAME Enter the name of a file that associates label point ID numbers with text label strings Hit RETURN if there is no such file gt The program will then scan the label text file to determine how many columns are in the file and to determine which column should be used as the label point ID number column The program will then tell you how many lines and columns are in the label text file Next you will be prompted to enter the number of the column to be used for GRASS category values The category number column MUST contain only integers Enter the number of the column that is to be us
115. he source code Introduction Map projections Projections are representations of information defined on curved surfaces usually spheroids in two dimensional space This allows the description of the location information in Cartesian or other plane coordinate systems Particular projections are defined by precise mathematical relations which allows conversion of maps from between projections to be achieved using straightforward mathematical operations 1 Projecting line segments When converted from one map projection to another straight lines become curves Thus a line segment which can be described by four parameters only e g the coordinates of the end points in one projection becomes an arc that needs more parameters in other projections In GIS systems that describe arcs as a sequence of line segments this means that intermediate points between the ends of the segment are used The easiest method of projecting a line accurately is to include intermediate points in the description in the source projection so that all these points are included in the target map Context within the GRASS GIS Vector maps lines and arcs in the GRASS GIS are represented by a relatively straightforward format This is exemplified in the ASCII version of vector files as produced by v out ascii 2 and described in the programmer s manual 3 Individual vector segments are described by a sequence of coordinate pairs with the number of coordinated pair
116. hes in the dig_misc directory for a supplementary metadata file for the map layer being transferred If found its contents are incorporated in the SDTS dataset This file can be created and installed with v sdts meta for details see the man page for this program SDTS REQUIREMENTS THE README FILE In addition to the files created by v out sdts every SDTS transfer must contain a README file This file is not generated by v out sdts and must be created by hand It should contain volume name if appropriate date a list of SDTS transfers if more than one and then for each SDTS transfer a list of subdirectories and non SDTS files if appropriate the file name of the Catalog Directory module where it can be found and an explanation that this file and all other SDTS files are in ISO 8211 format and that the Catalog Directory module carries a complete directory to all other SDTS ISO 8211 files comprising the SDTS transfer notes about any non SDTS adjunct auxiliary files a brief explanation of the spatial domain the purpose authority FIPS 173 source e g agency name and contacts within the source organization SDTS IV Topological Vector Profile 6 10 GRASS ATTRIBUTES IN THE SDTS DATASET The SDTS dataset produced by v out sdts contains two attribute module files One containing attribute module AP00 stores global attributes i e metadata items applicable to the entire transfer most are derived from the dig file heade
117. hics screen enter x Derase black AFTER COMPLETING ALL ANSWERS HIT lt ESC gt TO CONTINUE OR lt Ctrl C gt TO CANCEL 7 This selection results in a screen prompting for the name of the file to output the selected records to and for optional formatting selection If the file name is Ip the site records are sent to the printer The optional formatting choices are for export of data in list and add formats see the print description in SECTION ONE of this manual page for information and examples 8 Using this choice you can create anew GRASS vector map consisting of the vectors for the currently selected records and or a site list consisting of the representative points label points for the currently selected records in your current mapset A short menu prompts for the map names and other information If a vector map name is given you can choose an integer field i s or m types or a fixed value to write as the label value for each vector in the dig_att file for the new map You may also specify a field name any type or a fixed text string in single or double quotes to write as the category description in the dig_cats file for the new map If you give a site list name you can specify the name of a field or fixed text string in quotes to be used for the comment in the site list the record number is the default field The current date and time and the names of the mapset and database in use are entered as an information li
118. hing effect on data More detailed analysis of smoothing effects can be performed using the output deviations option The program writes the values of parameters used in computation into the comment part of history file elev as well as the following values which help to evaluate the results and choose the suitable parameters minimum and maximum z values in the data file zmin_data zmax_data and in the interpolated raster map zmin_int zmax_int rescaling parameter used for normalization dnorm which influences the tension If visible connection of segments appears the program should be rerun with higher npmin to get more points from the neighborhood of given segment and or with higher tension When the number of points in a site file is not too large less than 800 the user can skip segmentation by setting segmax to the number of data points or segmax 700 The program gives warning when user wants to interpolate outside the rectangle given by minimum and maximum coordinates in the vector file zoom into the area where the given data are is suggested in this case When a mask is used the program takes all points in the given region for interpolation including those in the area that is masked out to ensure proper interpolation along the border of the mask It therefore does not mask out the data points if this is desirable it must be done outside v surf rst For examples of applications see http www cecer army mil grass viz VIZ h
119. ig_cats file associated with the binary vector input map to the new output file name The user must copy the dig_cats file to the new output name if this is desired e g using the UNIX cp command SEE ALSO v digit v import v in ascii v support AUTHORS Michael Higgins U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory James Westervelt U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 104 v out dlg NAME v out dlg Converts binary GRASS vector data to DLG 3 Optional vector data format GRASS Vector Data Export Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v out dlg v out dlg help v out dlg input name output name DESCRIPTION The GRASS program v out dlg allows the user to convert GRASS vector data to DLG 3 Optional format for export to other systems The user can run the program non interactively by specifying all program arguments on the command line in the form v out dlg input name output name Parameters input name Name of the binary GRASS vector data file to be converted to DLG 3 format output name Name to be assigned to the DLG 3 Optional format output file created If the user does not give the names of an input and output file on the command line the program will prompt the user to enter these names NOTES The v out dlg program requires that the input vector map layer have full topological information associated with it This means that the GRASS program v support should have been the last
120. igit If the intermediate contour lines are in a separate GRASS dig file they can be patched to a labeled index contour file with the GRASS program v patch and then labeled in v digit The user does not need to v patch the labels vector file boxes to the lines vector file contour lines The purpose of the labels vector file is to determine which labels should be assigned to which contour lines in the lines vector file during the execution of v cadlabel SEE ALSO v digit v in ascii v in dxf v out dxf v patch 15 AUTHOR David Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 16 v circle NAME v circle Create a vector file which consists of circle s which uses each point in a site_lists file as the center of those circle s GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v circle v circle help v circle s radius value radius_uom name area value area_uom name sitefile name output name DESCRIPTION v circle will create polygon circle s around points read from an existing site_lists file The site_lists point s will be the center s for those circle s with one circle created per point The polygon circle s will be written to a binary vector file Each polygon circle will have 361 points with each point on the circumference of the circle representing degree of arc COMMAND LINE OPTIONS Flags 5 Automatically run v support on newly created vector file Parameter
121. iles by using this command to a nesting depth of eight Without a file name stdin is used as the input file 24 list D Lists the available data bases in the current mapset search path make Using the make command you create a new database in the current mapset by specifying the following items which define the screen page layout for displaying and printing the records as well as the information fields 1 The fixed text part of the screen layout 2 The positions types and lengths of data fields Five fields must always exist in a database each of these field types may only occur once in a database layout 1 Type s Sequence number field a unique integer for each record 2 Type x Easting coordinate of the representative point a double float 3 Type y Northing coordinate of the representative point a double float 4 Type v Vector type field a text field 5 Type m Reference Map field an integer The other field types which may occur in any combination and order are 6 type i An integer field 7 type f A double precision float field always 2 decimal places used for output 8 type t A text field Each of the fields can be positioned anywhere within the screen layout which has a limit of 19 lines by 80 columns A maximum of 70 fields may be defined within this space A field is specified in the screen layout by a tilde a field type character a field name and enough trailing ti
122. ilities that allow users to convert vector map layers to GRASS raster format to overlay already existing vector map layers onto the feature being digitized and set a multitude of parameters to customize a digitizing session v digit2 may be used with or without a digitizer Many options are available if no digitizer is used All options available within v digit2 are contained within ten menus Movement from menu to menu is done by choosing the movement options specified at the bottom of each menu SEE ALSO GRASS Tutorial digit Its Use and Its Features v import v in ascii v out ascii v out rast v support v digit AUTHORS David Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Mike Higgins U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 38 v export NAME v export Converts binary vector files into formatted ASCI files for transfer to other computer systems SCS GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v export v export help DESCRIPTION This program performs all of the processes that are needed to convert binary vector files into formatted ASCII files It also creates support files an attribute flat file which contains information for each area in the DLG file i e the DLG area number the GRASS area label and the GRASS category code only created when exporting in DLG format an attribute file which contains the information from the dig_att file only created when expor
123. in TIGER file Types 7 8 I P 1 and 2 in order of use When making line maps this program functions as a selection front end to the v in tig basic program see that programs documentation for the information on how these line maps will be labeled TIGER Line files from multiple counties should not be mixed or concatenated when using this program The program should function well independent of the termination character s at the end of each line in the input files lt LF gt lt CR gt neither one or both are acceptable Different distribution media apparently have different record delimiting characters THE COMMAND MODE OF OPERATION Starting v in tig Indmk with the s flag invokes the command mode of operation Commands are expected from stdin that is the a terminal or a file redirected with or lt When using a terminal for input the prompt lists the available commands thus p oints a reas l ines c ode list s trings m atch both e nd ex it gt gt Syntax for the dot commands points site_map lines containing requested CFCC Codes CFCC gt gt prompt will be given if input is from a terminal end areas vect_map lines containing requested CFCC Codes CFCC gt gt prompt will be given if input is from a terminal end lines vect_map lines containing requested CFCC Codes CFCC gt gt prompt will be given if input is from a terminal end strings output_file 1 to 10 lines of 3
124. in grid angle degree Optional rotate grid counter clockwise about the origin coordinate If the user simply types v mkgrid on the command line without specifying parameter values the program will prompt the user for inputs using the standard interface described in the manual entry for parser NOTES The new binary vector map output is placed under the dig directory in the user s current mapset and can be used like any vector map layer Run v support to build the topology information for the vector map before using v mkgrid map layer outputs in the v digit program Since the grid is computer generated the corner coordinates will be exact and can be used when patching together several v mkgrid grids This is NOT to be used to generate a vector map of USGS quadrangles because USGS quads are not exact rectangles To generate a vector map of USGS quads use the program v mkquads The program ignores the current GRASS geographic region settings It will create the complete grid even if part of this grid falls outside the current geographic region Rotating the grid should not usually be necessary under normal usage but this option is available SEE ALSO v digit v mkquads v patch v support parser 97 AUTHOR Michael Higgins U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 98 v mkquads NAME v mkquads Creates a GRASS vector map layer and or sites list and or geographic region definition file for a USGS 7 5 minute q
125. indicate that v db rim was used to create the vector map The topology information the dig_plus file is not automatically built for the new vector map and the user must run support vect to do so before v digit can be used to edit the vector map or some other programs can be used The vector map can immediately be displayed from within v db rim by issuing the following command assuming you have a graphics monitor selected d vect file_name c color SECTION TWO THE INTERACTIVE VERSION SYNOPSIS v db rim DESCRIPTION When run interactively v db rim allows you to create manage and query information about vectors across the landscape on a data base through the series of menus VASK screens explained below THE MAIN MENU Below is the main menu Option 1 is the default Note the status line at the top of the menu and the fact that 8 records have been selected by the last find or query operation between items 2 and 3 Note also that CTRL C can be used to exit from this menu and most other menus in the program back to the GRASS prompt The specifics of each menu choice are described below Except for 6 and mouse options in 3 and 4 each choice has a direct counterpart in the command version v db rim MAIN MENU Version 1 4 Data base lt rivers gt in mapset lt kittco gt open 325 records 1 Open a data base 2 List available vector data bases ee ae Retrieve Output Site Records 8 currently 3 Find records in proximity to a T
126. ine if you want to snap nodes to other nodes within a threshold NOTE BE CAREFUL This threshold is calculated using the scale of the original DLG or v digit file If the threshold is too high excessive snapping may occur destroying the file In general users seldom need to snap nodes If snapping of nodes is desired the user may want to run v support separately v support allows the user to set the snapping threshold 4 Does the DLG data contain GRASS category codes NOTE Most non GRASS computer systems will not be able to provide the necessary codes The flat attribute file serves this purpose If the answer to this question is NO 1 Enter a SUBJECT MATTER file name A subject file will be used to assign GRASS category codes to the DLG data It is structured the same as a dig_cats category file It is suggested that a SUBJ directory be created in the GRASS location and a file containing all DLG attribute text labels by category be created This will be required to provide consistency across several maps quads within one location The user may use the vi text editor or the SCS macro make_subject to create it 2 Enter an ATTRIBUTE file name This is the name of the flat file which will accompany a DLG from a non GRASS system This file contains all of the DLG area numbers with a corresponding text label 3 Is the DLG data from an ARC INFO system ARC INFO DLG data is handled in a slightly different manner 4 Does The DLG con
127. information required This input may be from a text file or may be entered directly using the editor of your choice the former is recommended See discussion in make in SECTION ONE NOTES v db rim interfaces to the RIM program Both rim and v db rim contain FORTRAN code The user must have access to a FORTRAN compiler in order to compile and use v db rim See the FILES section below for location of source code for RIM and b rim A date type field should be added to future versions This version only allows storing of dates as strings unless the user codes them to integers and thus only string type searches can be made for dates FILES Source code for RIM is located under GISBASE src related rim Source code for v db rim is located under GISBASE src garden grass rim v db rim SEE ALSO RIM User s Manual by Jim Fox Academic Computing Services Univ of Washington See especially Appendix B on redistribution of RIM GRASS 4 0 Installation Guide by Jim Westervelt and Michael Shapiro U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Gen Maps Gen tractmap g mapsets m tiger region s db rim s menu v in tiger AUTHORS James Hinthorne and David Satnik GIS Laboratory Central Washington University Ellensburg WA 35 v digit NAME v digit A menu driven highly interactive map development program used for vector digitizing editing labeling and converting vector data to raster format GRASS Vector Program
128. ing of all the dataset files and is thus the necessary starting point for the transfer process Note that the same four character prefix of the CATD file is used for all files in the SDTS dataset This prefix is also used by v in sdts for the naming of the output attribute files see The GRASS SDTS User Guide for details output name name for output vector map layer If the SDTS dataset contains multiple maps and if no particular one is specified causing all the maps to be imported maps will be distinguished by name plus numeric suffix dbpath name full path to location for placement of database ready attribute files preparatory to their installation in a relational database Path must exist and be writable by the user Setting the dbath parameter causes database ready files to be created otherwise they are not created domain name map name theme name manifold name If one or more domain map theme or manifold aggregate object names are given in the SDTS dataset Catalog Spatial Domain CATS file map layers so designated can be selected with the appropriate parameter Information only mode lists any such names found in the CATS file SPATIAL OBJECTS IN SDTS AND GRASS SDTS and the Topological Vector Profile define two basic types of spatial objects simple spatial objects 1 e lines polygons nodes etc and composite objects which are made up of one or more other simple and or composite spatial objects SDTS composite objects
129. ion as a surface modeling system GRASS contains more than 100 multi function raster analysis and manipulation commands Surface processes such as rainfall runoff modeling flowline construction as shown slope stability analysis and spatial data analysis are just a few of the many applications of GRASS to engineering and land planning Since many of the raster tools are multi functional users can create their own maps from GRASS data analysis In addition to standard two dimensional analysis GRASS allows users to view data in three dimensions Raster maps vector maps and sites data can be used for visualization Example applications of such capabilities include airspace analysis for airport planning as shown terrain analysis and flybys and spatial trends Tools in GRASS allow the user to animate any spatial data available with the fly Data used in 3 D visualization may also be saved as still pictures or as mpeg movie files for later replay and analysis Accompanying its land planning and engineering applications GRASS contains a suite of tools to aid in hydrologic modeling and analysis Currently tools are also available for performing such functions as watershed analysis curve number generation flood analysis and stream channel characteristics for comprehensive watershed modeling Other GRASS programs can generate graphs statistics and charts of modeled and calibrated data Additionally GRASS can use field data for model i
130. is not first copy it to another coverage that is set to single precision then run Ungenerate Once converted with the ARC INFO Ungenerate command the files to be imported into GRASS must be placed in a directory named arc in the user s current mapset If the arc directory does not exist it must be created e g with the command mkdir LOCATION arc before copying the ARC INFO files to be converted into it v in arc can be used to convert ARC INFO data from other mapsets as well since the program searches for the specified input file names in the arc directories if any exist in the mapsets in the user s current mapset search path OPTIONS Program parameters and the flag have the following meanings Flag n Neatline Vectors representing a box neatline around the input vector data will be inserted into the output GRASS vector file Parameters type name Coverage type Either polygon or line Options polygon line 52 lines_in name ARC INFO ungenerate lines file ungenerate format input file containing line or polygon coordinates points_in name ARC INFO ungenerate label points file ungenerate format input file containing label point coordinates only applies to polygon type data text_in name ARC INFO ungenerate label text file ungenerate format input file containing category numbers and optionally attribute text vector_out name Resultant GRASS vector output file idcol value ID Number column in label text fil
131. is selected v to sites extracts all vertices from a vector file if not selected it extracts site point features only ignoring lines and areas If i flag is selected then for each line if the distance between any two vertices on this line is greater that dmax additional points are added to keep the distance within dmax range The resulting sites map layer can be used with such programs as d sites The user can run the program non interactively by specifying the names of an existing vector input map layer and a new site list file to be output on the command line The program will be run interactively if the user types v to sites without arguments on the command line In this case the user will be prompted to enter parameter values through the standard user interface described in the manual entry for parser OPTIONS Flags a Outputs all vertices instead of site data only from vector file to site file C The Category data is used instead of attribute as a site description valid only when a is used C The Category TEXT data is used instead of attribute as a site description i Additional sites are added between each 2 points on a line if the distance between them is greater than specified dmax valid only when a is used d Write attribute as double instead of cat If any of the sites have been labeled in v digit then the resultant site list will contain category information or attribute in case a was used but c was not If
132. ldes to fill out the desired field length Each line following the make command is taken to define a line of the screen layout until a end is reached If a mistake is made on any of the input lines the make will fail The make information may be prepared in advance as a text file this facilitates fixing mistakes and the input command can be used to read in this file An example text file for a database screen layout follows with some explanatory notes and restrictions make Hydrology Vector Database Record sSeqnum Feature Name tName r Vector type vVtype Reference Map mRefMap North yNorth East xEast gt Updated tUpdate_Date Comments SUCOMMEN ES LAA ARIAS A aes oe SUC OMMEN CS LARA A AA Apr SUCOMMENTS SIA AAA AAA A AS end 23 Notes 1 Any text not preceded by a tilde character is taken to be part of the constant or fixed text portion of the form 2 A field definition begins with a tilde character immediately followed by a single character which indicates the data type of the field s x y v m i f ort Immediately following the data type character is the field name of 1 to 16 characters Field names can be composed of any characters from the following set A Z a z _ 0 9 the RIM program and library do not distinguish upper and lower case in field names so you should avoid making names which differ only in case Field names may not begin with a numeral 0
133. lectable through the GRASS g mapsets command can be accessed for read only retrieval of records Each mapset may have many databases Each database within a mapset must have a different name user supplied names are limited to seven 7 characters in order to maintain compatibility with the standard version of RIM As with other GRASS commands mapsets are searched in the mapset SEARCH_PATH order when a database needs to be opened Each vector database is composed of multi field records rows or tuples in DBMS jargon Each field and its position in the record form is defined via input to the make command when a database is originally defined It is possible to add new fields or change the length of existing fields after data has been loaded however this is not straightforward deleting of fields is also possible but requires even more experience and knowledge The user needs to carefully design the data base fields and form layout and check the operation with a few pieces of test data before loading data for a large number of records One significant difference between v db rim and s db rim is that v db rim needs access to the original vector maps that data were imported from to successfully complete some commands To keep track of which records were imported from which vector maps a new table has been added that keeps information about the reference vector maps This table is called Referencemaps in the RIM database The v db rim commands re
134. led lines are to be labeled This map layer must exist in the user s current GRASS mapset value value The category value to be assigned to all unlabeled lines in the vector map layer If the i flag is set v llabel will increment the initial value by one for each unique unlabeled polygon in the vector map Default 1 The user can run this program non interactively by specifying parameter values and optionally the flag setting on the command line Alternately the user can simply type the command v llabel on the command line In this event the program will prompt the user to enter parameter values and flag settings NOTES A dig_plus file must be created for each imported vector map before it can be used in v digit 93 Topological information for GRASS vector files can also be built using option 4 of the v import program The user can bulk label unlabeled line features in a binary vector file using v digit SEE ALSO v digit v in ascii v support v alabel AUTHORS James Darrell McCauley Agricultural Engineering Purdue University Dave Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 94 v make subj NAME v make subj Create a subject file from all category labels found in a set of listed vector maps SCS GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v make subj v make subj help v make subj map name name subj name DESCRIPTION Program to read the dig_cats file for each liste
135. ll be asked whether area edges should be processed as lines If so the line features produced from the area edges will not have attributes associated with them Upon successful completion of the data export the number of items converted will be printed and the user will be given the option of processing another GRASS file NOTES Vector data cannot be exported until the necessary GRASS support files have been built This program is interactive and requires no command line arguments SEE ALSO v support AUTHOR Chris Emmerich Autometric Inc 109 v out scsgef NAME v out scsgef Converts binary GRASS vector data to ASCII SCS GEF vector data format SCS GRASS Vector Data Export Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v out scsgef v out scsgef help v out scsgef input name output name DESCRIPTION The GRASS program v out scsgef allows the user to convert GRASS vector data to SCS GEF format for export to other systems v out scsgef creates the SCS GEF header lines text and feature files All files are created and placed in a LOCATION gef directory as a single UNIX file under the output name The following is the SCS GEF file structure header record 1 header record n head line record 1 line record n line text record 1 text record n text feature record 1 feature record n feat The user will be required to use standard UNIX commands to separate this file into individual files as r
136. llinois Michael Shapiro U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 92 v llabel NAME v llabel Bulk labels unlabeled lines in a binary GRASS vector file GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x SYNOPSIS v llabel v llabel help v llabel in map name value value DESCRIPTION v llabel allows the user to bulk label currently unlabeled lines not area features in a binary GRASS vector file i e a dig file The user must run v support on the vector file before running v llabel if any modifications have been made to the file since the last time v support was run on it to ensure that all lines are properly identified in the file topology The program also runs v support on the vector file after labeling so that the changes will be made evident v support builds GRASS support files for binary GRASS vector data files These support files supply topology dig_plus and category dig_att information that are needed by other GRASS programs e g by v digit v to rast etc OPTIONS Program parameters and flags have the following meanings Flags i Label lines incrementally For each unique unlabeled line in the vector file increment the category value by one starting from the initial default or user assigned value n Do not run v support There may occasionally be instances where the user prefers not to run v support immediately Parameters map name Name of binary GRASS vector data file whose unlabe
137. looking for the second column in the file that contains a 1 on line 1 and a 2 on line 2 If you are missing a label points or a label text file you can still import ARC INFO data but none of your lines or areas will be labeled ASCII DXF Format Files to GRASS Vector Creates the dig_plus dig_att and dig_cats support files ASCII TIGER Format Files to GRASS Vector This program imports Census line features from TIGER records typel and type2 into GRASS vector format Both pre Census and post Census data formats can be used Specific Census Feature Class Codes CFCC can be extracted completely or in various combinations These codes are described in the TIGER line Census Files 1990 documentation available from the Bureau of the Census An additional feature code consisting of the three letters BOU may also be specified to extract a county boundary Condensed Record 1 files may be imported with the c flag These files should be identified with a trailing x character on the filename The TIGER files must in sorted order before being used This can be done by using the following command sort TGR12113 F21 o t12113 1 sort TGR12113 F22 o t12113 2 For consistency the sorted file should be written as above It should consist of a t followed by the State and County FIPS code then a and then a value to identify the record number SEE ALSO v in dlg scs v in dlg v in ascii v in arc v in dxf v in tiger scs AUTHOR R L Glenn U
138. mat at the prefix pol file created by the v out arc program The user sees the following prompt LINES FILENAME Enter name of the file created with the LINES option of the ARC INFO Ungenerate command Hit RETURN to cancel request gt The next prompt for coverage type polygon asks for the name of an existing label points file The label points file is created with the Ungenerate POINTS option and is in the same format as the prefix lab file created by the v out arc program The user sees the following prompt LABEL POINTS FILENAME Enter name of file created with the POINTS option of the ARC INFO Ungenerate command Hit RETURN if there is no such file gt Finally the program asks the user for the name of an existing label text file This file associates each label point ID number with a text string It is in the same format as the prefix txt file created by the v out arc program LABEL TEXT FILENAME Enter the name of a file that associates label point ID numbers with text label strings Hit RETURN if there is no such file gt v in arc then scans the label text file to find the numbers of lines and columns the column headers if any and the first three lines of actual data in the file It displays this information to standard output to 54 help the user determine which columns will hold the ID Category value and Attribute text data in the new vector output file A sample of the program s output is shown below The
139. mat by running such programs as v support or v in ascii After conversion 65 to binary format the vector files can be displayed e g with d vect however the user must run v support on the binary vector files before they can be edited in v digit The files output by v in dxf will preserve the data in whatever form they exist in the DXF file This means that output files may contain unsnapped nodes overshoots gaps and replicated lines The data and the file header information including the owner s name map s name date and scale and UTM zone for the GRASS vector files output may require editing by the user in v digit Attributes The v in dxf program attaches attributes only to DXF text data that are converted to GRASS vector data such as contour line labels Attributes are not attached to converted DXF line data For each layer of text data in the DXF design file v in dxf generates a vector file consisting of rectangular boxes lines that are drawn around the DXF text data and uses the text values to create a GRASS attribute file for the boxes The vector and attribute files can then be used to label contour lines with the v cadlabel program SEE ALSO v cadlabel v digit v in ascii v out dxf v support AUTHORS Original dxf2dig program written by Jan Moorman U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 6 89 Revised by David Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 12 89 Revised and appen
140. me of the input vector file out name Name of the output vector file inloc name Name of the location containing input vector file dbase name Name of the database containing input location set name Name of the mapset containing input vector file If the user simply types v proj without specifying parameter values on the command line the program will prompt the user to enter these NOTES If out is not specified it is set to be the same as input map name If dbase is not specified it is assumed to be the current database If set is not specified its name is assumed to be the same as the current mapset s name SEE ALSO g setproj AUTHOR Irina Kosinovsky US ARMY CERL M L Holko USDA SCS NHQ CGIS R L Glenn USDA SCS NHQ CGIS 118 v proj old Note use v proj above NAME v proj Allows projection conversion of vector files SCS GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x SYNOPSIS v proj v proj help DESCRIPTION allows a user to create a new vector map in another mapset with a different projection from an existing vector map in the current or some other user specified mapset Note If the outset mapset is not available v proj will create it in the current location If the outset mapset exists v proj reads its projection information and uses it to convert to the output projection If the outset projection information is not available v proj runs the program m setproj to create it EXAMPLE The current maps
141. n or this parameter is omitted all records in STF file will be processed THE formula PARAMETER The string after the in this parameter almost always must be enclosed in quotes to protect it from Shell interpretation of characters such as and spaces which may be used to increase readability but are not necessary This string is always of the form mapname expression The mapname string can be any legal GRASS map name up to 14 characters The second is required and may be preceded and followed by a space In the expression great flexibility is provided for the computation of interesting combinations of the data fields contained in the demographic records The usual operators used in the expression include and The user should review the Unix manual entry for the bc calculator for the complete list of available functions and other operators Parentheses are used in the normal algebraic manner The operands in the expression may consist of any mixture of integer constants real constants functions allowed by bc numeric fields from the demographic records Numeric fields from both the IDENTIFICATION and MATRIX SECTIONS of the demographic records may be used Review the User and Technical Documentation for these demographic files or use the p option of this program to print the MATRIX SECTION document the demographic data fields or m in stf1 db3 to print a simplified list of IDENTIFICATION SECTION field
142. n IDEN module If not specified vector header map_name will be used IDEN_COMT general comment on transfer for IDEN module s COMT field XREF_HDAT name of geodetic datum to which export data are referenced for HDAT field in XREF module DDSH_ENT_NAME for Dictionary Schema module name of kind of entity that dig_att and dig_cats values represent If not specified map name will be used 137 DDDF_GRASS_ENT definition for entity in DDSH_ENT_NAME for Dictionary Definition module if not supplied simple default is used DDDF_ATTR_NUM definition for dig_att values for Dictionary Definition module if not specified simple default is used DDDF_ATTR_LABEL definition for dig_cats values for Dictionary Definition module if not specified simple default is used As noted above the metadata file can be prepared and installed without the user having to worry about format details with v sdts meta SEE ALSO m sdts read v in sdts v out sdts v sdts dp cp v sdts meta cp v sdts meta AUTHORS David Stigberg U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Tin Qian University of Illinois 138 v spag NAME v spag Process spaghetti digitized binary vector file GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 X SYNOPSIS v spag v spag help v spag i map name threshold value DESCRIPTION This program will fix vector data that were not digitized in correct GRASS vector format It will create
143. n or prefix pol file This text file is a Generate format lines file The lines option of the ARC INFO Generate command can be used to read this file into ARC INFO Each line in the file has a unique line ID number 101 223343 62 218923 15 223343 62 222271 06 259565 31 222271 06 299969181 195377 37 END 102 221862653 203392 37 244970 75 203744 28 102 253137266 195577 37 259565731 195577737 END 103 237862 53 203392737 237862 53 203744 28 223343 62 218392437 END 104 239072 44 186200 56 237862 53 187410 50 23 1962 93 203392 337 END END LABEL POINTS FILE also known as prefix lab file This text file will be created by v out arc if the vector file being exported represents a polygon coverage prefix lab consists of a list of label point x y coordinates each with a unique label point ID number 1242777 831 211533409 2 243458 37 199282 28 3 243458 37 195199 28 LABEL TEXT FILE also known as prefix txt file In the case of polygon coverage data this file associates an integer category value and a category label attribute text string containing no spaces with each label point ID number In the case of line coverage data this file associates an integer category value and an attribute text string with each line ID number The first column is the row number which is arbitrary the second column contains the category value the third column holds the line or label point ID number and the fourth column contains t
144. name of the mapset processing is sent to standard output In verbose mode the user is given additional information on program operations Parameters map name name Vector map source for composite output name New name assigned to vector composite map subj name SUBJ file name NOTES The program v make subj can be run prior to using v merge v make subj will read the category labels of each map in its list and create a subject file of labels and values Users may opt to create the subject file by other means if they wish v rmedge must be run on any mapsets in the v merge list prior to issuing the v merge command Common edges will need to be removed prior to the v merge operation SEE ALSO v make subj v rmedge AUTHOR R L Glenn USDA SCS NHQ CGIS 96 v mkgrid NAME v mkgrid Creates a binary GRASS vector map of a user defined grid GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v mkgrid v mkgrid help v mkgrid map name grid rows columns coordinate x y box length width angle degree DESCRIPTION v mkgrid will create a binary format vector map representation of a regular coordinate grid Flag q Quiet Cut out the chatter Parameters map name Name to be assigned to binary vector map layer output grid rows columns Number of ROWS and COLUMNS to appear in grid coordinate x y Lower left EASTING and NORTHING coordinates of vector map layer output box length width LENGTH and WIDTH of boxes
145. nd install supplementary metadata and data quality reports for a vector map preceding the creation of an SDTS transfer dataset With v sdts meta metadata and data quality files can be edited saved retrieved and modified and then installed in the GRASS database in association with a particular vector map layer Subsequently v out sdts will incorporate this metadata along with the associated vector map in an SDTS transfer dataset In addition to the five data quality modules supplementary metadata items currently able to be edited and installed include 1 creation date for the original source map 2 a general title for the transfer 3 a general comment about the transfer 4 name of geographic datum 4 and 5 name and definition for the kind of entity contained in the GRASS vector layer being transferred 6 and 7 custom definitions for the dig_att and dig_cats values being transferred SEE ALSO m sdts read v in sdts v out sdts v sdts dp cp v sdts meta cp v sdts meta AUTHORS David Stigberg U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Tin Qian University of Illinois 136 v sdts meta cp NAME v sdts meta cp installs supplementary metadata file preparatory to creation of an SDTS export dataset GRASS Vector Data Export Processing Program GRASS VERSION 4 x SYNOPSIS v sdts meta cp v sdts meta cp help v sdts meta cp f metafile name map name DESCRIPTION The program provides assistan
146. nd sites data in the 3 D environment adding to the visualization capabilities of GRASS Enhancements in the numerical processing functions of GRASS also now allow for floating point operations to be performed on data For the latest information on GRASS contact the GRASS Development Team at grass baylor edu or visit our web sites at http www baylor edu grass if you re in the U S http www geog uni hannover de grass if you re in Europe Look for our worldwide mirrors The GRASS Development Team is Bruce Byars and Markus Neteler are the development team leaders and coordinators Helena Mitasova and Bill Brown of the GMS Lab at UIUC have made significant contributions with the development of GRASS 5 Additional authors include Lisa Zygo Edward Zarecky Jacques Bouchard Steve Clamons Brent Duncan Jason Cipriano Jim Westervelt Michael Shapiro Darrell McCauley Dave Gerdes Bill Hughes Bernhard Reiter Brook Milligan Eliot Cline Jaro Hofierka Clay Cockrell and Bob Lozar See the web pages for author affiliations Note Many other people have contributed to the GRASS GIS Without any one of them GRASS would not exist in its current form The authors of the individual programs are listed at the end of their manual page in the GRASS users manual however numerous authors of bug fixes and enhancements as well as people who have been working on coordination integration documentation and testing are not mentioned
147. ne in the site_list file Note that you can create a new site list or append to an existing site list or both A variety of raster maps can be produced from a v db rim database by creating new vector files then using the v to rast program and by writing site_lists with different fields as comments then converting the site_lists to raster maps with s menu 31 9 Choices 9 12 operate on only a single record and do not use or modify the internal list of records selected by find query choices 3 or 4 Choice 9 is the way to view a single record selected by record number After viewing ESC will allow entry of another site number and CTRL C will exit to the main menu 10 Use this selection to add a new record to the database A new record is one whose number does not currently exist in the open database After making this selection the data base layout will be displayed and you should enter the available information appropriate to each field the only required entry is the site record number field If values for numeric fields are not entered zero values will be stored Unused portions of text fields are stored as strings of spaces 11 After making this selection and specifying the record number to change field information for the data is entered as for choice 10 except that the record number cannot be changed The command version of the program has provision for making bulk changes after a find or query see change 12 To delete
148. new file to clean them up The i flag specifies to only do the identical line removal phase and is a new option to v spag in release 4 1 Don t forget to use this flag as it will run much faster and will not make any other changes to your data Borders between areas with the same attributes are not dissolved There is no fuzzy data handling code so expect to see slivers SEE ALSO v spag v digit v support v clean 19 AUTHOR David Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 20 v db rim NAME v db rim RIM database management query interface for GRASS vector GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x SYNOPSIS v db rim v db rim data_base OVERVIEW v db rim allows users to create manage and query information about labeled lines and areas from a number of different vector maps in a batch mode or interactively Operations are done on a database through a command language defined in SECTION ONE or through an interactive set of menus described in SECTION TWO This program like s db rim is actually a marriage of the GRASS environment and the programmer s interface library of the relational data base management program RIM distributed publicly by the University of Washington Academic Computing Services Your system must have a FORTRAN 77 compiler to use this program DESCRIPTION The vector databases are stored in a subdirectory named rim vect in the user s current mapset Databases in other mapsets se
149. nput or simulate parameters based on numerical data In addition to the traditional command line version of GRASS a new user interface based on Tcl Tk has been written This puts the power of spatial analysis and modeling into an easy to use Graphical User Interface that is platform independent This intuitive user interface lets users quickly and easily view manipulate and use data Nearly all of the programs available in GRASS are available in the new GUI with the standard command line still available giving users all of the functionality of GRASS This manual is part of a comprehensive set of documentation written to support GRASS This Users Guide consists of a complete set of command references for all current GRASS functions and tools including examples An installation guide and fact sheet guides users through the installation process For those wishing to write their own spatial analysis and modeling applications for GRASS a Programmers Guide is also available GRASS runs on a variety of UNIX and Linux platforms including SUN SPARCstations and Ultras HP Silicon Graphics and PC s running Windows 95 and Windows NT The GRASS Development Team is currently working to further upgrade and enhance the capabilities of GRASS Future developments include tools that give the user the ability to work completely in 3 D a capability that does not exist in any other GIS package Users will be able to work with raster elevation data as well as vector a
150. old value used for pruning The program will be run non interactively if the user specifies all parameters and optionally the i flag on the command line using the form v prune i input name output name thresh value If the user simply types v prune without specifying program arguments on the command line the program will prompt the user to enter parameter values NOTES The threshold value is the same as the v digit pruning threshold This is specified in database units on the ground e g in ground meters for UTM databases The threshold can also be specified in inches on the map and the program will convert these to data base ground units using the scale in the vector file If you specify the scale in map inches rather than in ground units you must specify that inches are used by setting the i flag The input vector data layer will be read and the resultant pruned vector data layer will be placed into a newly created output file whose name is specified by the user leaving the original vector map unchanged The pruning algorithm throws away redundant points within the specified threshold It works on each vector separately working from node to node It does not change the position or number of nodes SEE ALSO v digit v in ascii AUTHOR David Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 120 v psu NAME v psu Program to build PSU polygon and PSU sites from single labeled line segment SCS GRASS Vector
151. ommand describes how to export line and polygon coverages A polygon coverage is represented by three files 1 a lines file which contains coordinates of all the area edge lines 2 label point file which contains coordinates of label points each with a unique label point ID number There is one label point for each polygon defined in the lines file and 3 a label text file which associates label point ID number with a category value and attribute text A line coverage is represented by two files 1 a lines file which contains coordinates of the lines each with a line ID number and 2 a label text file which associates each line ID number with a category value and attribute text The program will start out by asking you which type of coverage is to be imported as follows IMPORTING A POLYGON COVERAGE The prompts that will be presented for coverage type polygon COVERAGE TYPE Enter polygon or line Hit RETURN to cancel request gt Answer polygon NEATLINE Do you want a neatline Enter yes or no If you answer yes then vectors representing a box around the data will be inserted into the resulting GRASS vector file otherwise no neatline will be created Next the program will prompt for the name of the lines file containing the arc coordinates of the polygons The lines file is created with the Ungenerate LINES option and is the same format as the map_name pol file created by the program The following is t
152. ommands to signify the end of these lines Alphabetical Command Summary command This is the only v db rim command not starting with a period command is a single shell command line no more than 80 characters which is executed by a G_system call see GRASS GIS library Many UNIX utilities e g vi Is print and most GRASS commands e g d rast d sites g list g region r mask may be executed It is permitted and often useful to change region and MASK within v db rim Multiple commands may be separated by in the standard UNIX way Note that a cd directory Is will change to the specified directory and list files but the effective working directory for v db rim will not be changed when the command terminates add a Add a new vector record row to the open database Each line following contains a field name followed by spaces and or tabs then the value or character string to store for that field Field information lines end with end Some fields may be absent and fields may appear in any order The input of data is checked for one required field sequence number for field length for text type fields and for duplicate sequence numbers If split text fields are used in the data base layout see make text data for each split field must be added as a separate line If there are any problems the record will not be stored and a message will be output This format makes it relatively easy to import data from most other
153. operation on the retrieved sites are offered The SQL sort by clause may also be used after the where clause to control the order selected records are presented however if option A or B in the TARGET MENU has been selected it causes sorting by proximity to the target location which will override the order produced by the sort by clause QUERY COMMAND CONSTRUCTION SCREEN Data base lt wells gt in mapset lt grant gt open 25 records The SQL select query will use the current region and a target clause of distance from 596463 15 4919041 88 where date 10 16 89 and ppm_Cr gt 10 Enter show on a line to review screen layout and field names AFTER COMPLETING ALL ANSWERS HIT lt ESC gt TO CONTINUE OR lt Ctrl C gt TO CANCEL MANAGEMENT MENU Choice 13 from the main menu presents this menu Each item is discussed below v db rim DATA BASE MANAGEMENT MENU Data base lt fires gt in mapset lt Yellow gt open 250 records Make a New Data Base in Current Mapset List Available Data Bases Remove PERMANENTLY Data Base from Current Mapset Recover a Data Base from a RIM ASCII File Show Screen Layout of Current Data Base Backup UNLOAD Data Base to RIM ASCII Format File Pack the Current Data Base Read a vector map into the Current Data Base Execute a Bourne Shell Command Line Oo DMDAIHDUOBWNE 0 Return to Main Menu Your selection AFTER COMPLETING ALL ANSWERS HIT lt ESC gt TO CONTINUE O
154. or shared with other GRASS systems if desired Databases may also be backed up by copying the three binary files which comprise the database to a different directory with the UNIX cp command 7 After deleting and adding a large number of site records some wasted disk space will be present in the binary data base files This procedure will perform an unload and a reload automatically to recover this unusable disk space If there is any problem reopening the database after packing the user is notified and can recover in various ways depending on the backups which have been done 8 Data records may be loaded into a database from an existing GRASS vector map This procedure will prompt for the vector map name and then add a record to the currently open database for each labeled line in the vector field The user may also enter the name of an integer field in which to store the label from the dig_att file for each vector and a text field in which to store the descriptive text from the dig_cats file for each vector The record number vector type map number and location coordinate fields s v m x and y types are automatically loaded for each site record by this procedure other fields may be later edited with the change function 9 This choice is the same as choice 14 on the main menu MAKE A NEW DATA BASE 34 After entering the name of the new database you wish to create 7 characters maximum you then decide how to input the
155. ort or airfield D52Train station D53Bus terminal D54Marine terminal D55Seaplane anchorage D60Employment center D61Shopping center or major retail center D62Industrial building or industrial park D630ffice building or office park D64Amusement center D65Government center D660ther employment center D70Tower D71Lookout tower D800pen space D81Golf course D82Cemetery D83National park or forest D84Other federal land D85State or local park or forest D90Special purpose landmark D91Post office box ZIP code 85 v in tig rim NAME v in tig rim Imports Census Bureau line data TIGER files to GRASS vector format GRASS Vector Data Import Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v in tig rim v in tig rim help v in tig rim dbname name inl file name in2file name zone value DESCRIPTION v in tig rim imports Census line data called TIGER and creates a master binary vector file containing a large amount of data Various map layers can then be created by querying information from the master vector file using v db rim or one of the Gen shell scripts listed in the SEE ALSO section below The database name dbname given on the command line will be the name of the rim data base and the master vector file in GRASS will be named dbname Master The master vector file will include all information from the typel and type2 TIGER files given on the command line as in file and in2file If the user simply types v in tig rim on
156. orth 180 to the West 270 to the South and 360 to the East the values increase counterclockwise Curvatures are positive for convex and negative for concave areas Singular points with undefined curvatures have assigned zero values Tension and smoothing allow user to tune the surface character For most landscape scale applications the default should work fine The program gives warning when significant overshoots appear in the resulting surface and higher tension or smoothing should be used While it is possible to automatize the selection of suitable tension and smoothing it has not been done yet so here are some hints which may help to choose the proper parameters if the results look weird It is useful to know that the method is scale dependent and the tension works as a rescaling parameter high tension increases the distances between the points and reduces the range of impact of each point low tension decreases the distance and the points influence each other over longer range Surface with tension set too high behaves like a membrane rubber sheet stretched over the data points with peak or pit crater in each given point and everywhere else the surface goes rapidly to trend If digitized contours are used as input data high tension can cause artificial waves along contours Lower tension and higher smoothing is suggested for such a case Surface with tension set too low behaves like a stiff steel plate and overshoots can appear in are
157. out header lines SEE ALSO v out arc v support AUTHOR Dave Johnson DBA Systems Inc 56 v in asc NAME v in ascii Converts ASCII vector map layers into binary vector map layers GRASS Vector Data Import Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v in ascii v in ascii help v in ascli input name output name DESCRIPTION v in ascii converts a vector map in ASCII format to a vector map in binary format The user can run this program non interactively by specifying all program options on the command line in the form v in ascli input name output name Parameters input name Name of an ASCII vector file to be converted to binary vector file output name Name given to binary vector output file If the user runs v in ascii without giving program arguments on the command line the program will prompt the user for input and output file names NOTES After running this program GRASS support files must be built for the binary output file before the user can use the file in v digit The user can run v support to create GRASS support files for the output file The GRASS program v out ascii performs the function of v in ascii in reverse i e it converts vector files in binary format to ASCII format These two companion programs are useful both for importing and exporting vector files between GRASS and other software and for transferring data between machines The output from v in ascii will be placed into LOCATION dig
158. pe v surf rst on the command line without program arguments In this case the user will be prompted for parameter values and flag settings using the standard GRASS parser interface described in the manual entry for parser Flags id Output partial derivatives instead of aspect slope and curvatures t Use dnorm independent tension r Zero values in input file represent elevation C Category data is used instead of attribute as an elevation Parameters input name Use the existing vector file name as input elev name Output elevation values to raster file name slope name Output slope or dx values to raster file name aspect name Output aspect or dy values to raster file name pcurv name Output profile curvature or dxx values to raster file name tcurv name Output tangential curvature or dyy values to raster file name mcurv name Output mean curvature or dxy values to raster file name maskmap name Use the existing raster file name as a mask dmin val Set min distance between points to val Default value is set to 0 5 grid cell size dmax val Maximum distance between points Default value is 5 dmin zmult val Convert z values using conversion factor val Default value is 1 tension val Set tension to val Default value is 40 appropriate for smooth surfaces smooth val Set smoothing parameter to val Default value is 0 1 145 segmax val Set max number of points per segment to val Default value is
159. program to have effected any changes upon the vector map layer before it is run through v out dlg If this is not the case v out dlg will terminate with a message that v support needs to be run The output from v out dlg will be placed in LOCATION dlg SEE ALSO v import v in ascii v in dlg v support AUTHOR David Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 105 v out dlg scs NAME v out dlg scs Converts binary GRASS vector data to binary DLG 3 Optional vector data format SCS GRASS Vector Data Export Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v out dlg scs v out dlg scs help v out dlg scs input name output name DESCRIPTION The GRASS program v out dlg scs allows the user to convert GRASS vector data to DLG 3 Optional format for export to other systems just as v out dlg does However a flat ASCII file of labels and their corresponding dlg record numbers is created This flat file is used to provide the label information to other systems since most do NOT support text attributes in a DLG import The user can run the program non interactively by specifying all program arguments on the command line in the form v out dlg scs input name output name Parameters input name Name of the binary GRASS vector data file to be converted to DLG 3 format output name Name to be assigned to the DLG 3 Optional format output file created If the user does not give the names of an input and output file on the
160. r The second holds attribute module APO1 and contains records with two fields ATTR_NUM contains dig_att integer values and ATTR_LABEL contains the corresponding labels or descriptions from the dig_cats file RESTRICTIONS Currently the user can only create an SDTS dataset from a single vector map layer in his or her mapset at a time SEE ALSO m sdts read v in sdts v out sdts v sdts dp cp v sdts meta cp v sdts meta AUTHORS David Stigberg U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Tin Qian University of Illinois 113 v patch NAME v patch Creates a new binary vector map layer by combining other binary vector map layers GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v patch v patch help v patch input name name output name DESCRIPTION v patch allows the user to combine any number of vector map layers together to create one composite vector map layer Parameters input name name Name s of input vector map s to be patched together output name Name assigned to composite patched vector output map The program will be run non interactively if the user specifies the names of the vector map s to be patched and the name of an output file to store the resulting composite patched vector map on the command line in the form v patch input namel name output name Alternately if the user runs v patch without specifying input and output file names on the command line by
161. r each site is eastinglnorthingl number or comment tables t Prints the table structure of the currently opened RIM database This is the same output generated by a list command when running RIM manually The information for the table named data is useful for review of the user s field definitions and the table named Referencemaps contains the reference map information The information in the two other tables is for internal use by v db rim 28 vector_map v file_name attribute_field text_field This command creates a new binary vector map by copying the vectors associated with each record on the query list from the reference vector maps into the new vector map If the optional attribute_field parameter is provided the areas and lines in the new vector map will be labeled from the given integer i m or s type field value for each record You may supply a fixed integer value such as 1 908 7 etc instead of a field name each line written to the new map will be given this constant attribute label If the optional text_field is provided it will be used to build a category description file dig_cats file for the vector map Instead of a field name a constant text string of up to 100 characters may be given if enclosed in single or double quotes this string is used as the category description for each line written to the new vector file The header of the new binary vector file will contain the current date and
162. ram does not currently read in binary files SEE ALSO v cadlabel v digit v in ascii v in dxf v support AUTHOR Chuck Ehlschlaeger U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 107 v out idrisi NAME v out idrisi exports binary GRASS vector files to ASCII IDRISI format GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x SYNOPSIS v out idrisi DESCRIPTION This is a quick and dirty export routine from GRASS to IDRISI The program exports binary GRASS vector files to ASCII IDRISI format The user will be prompted for the name of the file to be exported and the new filename AUTHOR Philip Verhagen 108 v out moss NAME v out moss Converts GRASS site line or area data into MOSS import format GRASS Vector Data Export Program SYNOPSIS v out moss GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x DESCRIPTION This program produces a MOSS import file containing GRASS site line or area features that have been converted into MOSS point line or polygon features respectively Only one type of data site line or area can be converted at a time Site data can be extracted from GRASS site lists files or vector files at the user s discretion The resultant MOSS files will be created in the moss subdirectory of the current mapset The user will be prompted for the GRASS data type the name of the site lists or vector file to be converted and the name of the MOSS import file to be created If line data is being converted the user wi
163. ratory 18 v cutter NAME v cutter Polygon Cookie Cutter Boolean AND Overlay GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v cutter v cutter help v cutter u q cutter name data name out name DESCRIPTION This program provides a way to generate new maps based on an intersection of two existing maps It in effect provides a way to create masked versions of vector maps Both lines sites and polygons are clipped correctly OPTIONS Flags q Run quietly Don t print percent information u Intersect all areas even those that are unlabeled Not generally useful and also not fully tested Parameters cutter mapname Name of the binary vector file to use for the cookie cutter data mapname Name of the binary vector file which is to be cut out mapname Name of new vector file to be created NOTES The user must run v spag i after running v cutter to remove identical lines The polygons of the cutter map must be labeled to be effective unless the u flag is specified The attributes of created polygons will be generated from the attributes of the data map BUGS There are a few rare situations that are not currently handled correctly These mostly involve nodes or vertices intersecting exactly with lines of the opposite map You will know you have hit one of these cases because a lot of strange text will start spitting out Currently the program generates many duplicate lines So v spag i must be run on the
164. rd and the SDTS Topological Vector Profile It creates the dataset from the files associated with a vector map layer which is specified by the user The files that make up the SDTS dataset are output to the current directory unless otherwise specified by the user with the path parameter The output dataset is in the mandatory ISO 8211 FIPS 123 format the ISO 8211 SDTS output files can be inspected with m sdts read COMMAND LINE OPTIONS Flags a transfer Lines of AREA type only omit Lines of LINE type from output SDTS dataset m access user defined metadata file This file is typically but not necessarily created with v sdts meta See the discussion of SDTS data quality files and metadata below Parameters input name name of vector map layer from which the SDTS dataset will be created path name full path to location for placement of output SDTS dataset Path must exist and be writable by the user If path is not specified dataset will be output to the current directory output name four character string to be used as prefix for each of the output SDTS files Can be any combination of letters and digits although letters must be upper case LINE TYPES IN GRASS AND SDTS GRASS makes a distinction between types of lines between those that are edges of areas or polygons and those that are not GRASS handles these types different topologically AREA type lines carry pointers to left and right polygons but LINE type lines carry
165. reated in the windows directory under the user s current mapset To make the program generated geographic region definition file quad 1 your current geographic region setting run the GRASS g region program v Create vector file default Only full quads will be created The binary vector map layer output is placed under the user s dig directory and can be used like any other vector map layer Run v support to build the topology information for the vector map before using v mkquads map layer outputs in the v digit program Since the quads are computer generated the corner coordinates will be exact This simplifies digitizing if one or more quad sheets will have to be brought together for a data base because all of the quad corner points to be joined will be guaranteed to match xX Create a GRASS registration reg file 99 Parameter map name The name of a file to contain program output If the user runs v mkquads without including program parameter value and desired flags on the command line the program will prompt the user for the above information using the standard GRASS interface described in the manual entry for parser NOTES All output options can be used on the command line at the same time A listing of all the quad points in latitude longitude and UTM coordinates will be displayed each time the program is executed The spheroid being used for the lat lon to UTM conversions is clark66 BUGS Currently this program only works
166. red on the command line The out parameter may optionally be respecified in this file each out selection remains in effect until explicitly changed The program exits after the last formula is processed The following is a sample formula file Note the use of lines beginning with as mandatory formula separators and comment lines Also note that expressions may be continued on successive lines the lines are concatenated to a maximum of 500 characters for a single formula Blank lines are ignored popden sqkm 1000 P0010001 AREALAND AREAWAT that computes population density in people per sq km next do people per sq mile as a vector attribute file out att popden sqmi 2 59 1000 P0010001 AREALAND AREAWAT next do total population as a vector attribute file total pop 1301 output the county identification numbers as the descriptions in a site list out sites county CNTY output the 66 char description and FIPS Place Code as a table out table ANPSADPI map PLACEFP optional ending comment line 10 BUGS FEATURES Computational errors in bc are not handled too gracefully a warning is output and a zero result is used bc tends to output lots of decimal places The user must clean this up for output sent to stdout The GRASS site list output format used includes the before the label value to facilitate the production of raster maps with cell values representing the results
167. rresponding to this user selected map location for the vector map queried by the user The query may be repeated as often as desired using the left mouse button The right button on the mouse is used to quit the v what session 160 Users can also use this program inside of shell scripts For example if the file coords contains three UTM coordinates 599817 37 4922332 96 593512 25 4917170 38 604979 96 4921655 90 cat coords v what map landcover will return information about these three locations and then exit NOTES v what output can be redirected into a file d what rast can be used to interactively query the map category contents of multiple raster map layers at user selected locations v what was created from d what vect so that non interactively queries could be made Specifying the i flag makes v what behave just as d what vect does SEE ALSO d vect d what rast d what vect g region parser AUTHORS Jim Hinthorn Central Washington University was the original author Dennis Finch National Park Service James Darrell McCauley Agricultural Engineering Purdue University added the non interactive part and renamed to v what 161
168. s radius Radius of circle s with site_lists point s as center s If radius selected then area values are not used for computations If both radius and area selected then radius has precedence over area Default 0 0 radius_uom Radius unit of measure i e m meters ft feet mi miles Default m area Area of circle s with site_lists point s as center s If area selected then radius values are not used for computations Default 0 0 area_uom Area unit of measure i e sqm square meters ac acres sqmi square miles hec hectares Default sqm sitefile GRASS site_lists file input output Vector file to be created output AUTHOR Bruce Powell National Park Service 17 v clean NAME v clean Cleans out dead lines in GRASS vector files GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4x 5 x SYNOPSIS v clean v clean help v clean map name DESCRIPTION When programs like digit delete lines they do not really go away but are simply marked as deleted This is done primarily for speed But a side effect is that vector files can end up carrying a lot of dead weight with them v clean will go through a vector file and remove all dead lines in the file thus potentially reducing the size of the file You do not have to run v support afterwards OPTIONS Parameter map Name of the GRASS vector file to be cleaned SEE ALSO v digit v support AUTHOR David Gerdes U S Army Construction Engineering Research Labo
169. s for the segment recorded in a brief header for each segment The program v prune 4 is provided to remove points which are considered redundant through being too close together within a segment v plant has been designed as the complement of this to insert extra points at a specified spacing along straight line segments Design of v plant v plant has been implemented as a Bourne shell script The basic procedure is as follows 1 Write out the existing map in the dig_ascii format 116 2 Use an included awk script to process each vector segment in turn moving from point to point along the segment If a span between two adjacent points is greater than the specified threshold in map units extra points are inserted collinearly 3 The modified dig_ascii file is re imported overwriting the original file Because the original dig file is overwritten all the support files are preserved Since the vector segments remain in the same sequence and all the original points remain in the modified map including the end points of each segment all topology attributes etc are maintained The usage is exemplified in the attached manual page The source code is also attached which may be examined for a detailed understanding of the method TO DO A command line version of v plant would be highly desirable SEE ALSO v prune v support REFERENCES 1 Evenden G I 1990 Cartographic projection procedures for the UNIX environment a user
170. s manual USGS Open File Report 90 284 Also see Interim Report and 2nd Interim Report on Release 4 Evenden 1994 2 Higgins M amp Westervelt J v out ascii Converts a binary GRASS vector map layer into an ASCII GRASS vector map layer GRASS 4 1 documentation main section 3 Shapiro M Westervelt J Gerdes D Larson M amp Brownfeld K R 1993 GRASS 4 1 programmer s manual US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 4 Gerdes D v prune Prunes points from binary GRASS vector data files GRASS 4 1 documentation main section AUTHOR Copyright 1997 AGCRC amp CSIRO CSIRO Exploration amp Mining Report 239F March 1996 S J D Cox AGCRC CSIRO Exploration amp Mining Nedlands WA 117 v proj NAME v proj Allows projection conversion of vector files GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v proj v proj help v proj map name out name inloc name dbase name set name DESCRIPTION allows a user to convert a vector map in a specified mapset of a specified location different from current with projection of input location to the vector map in a current mapset of current location with projection of current location both projections are defined by corresponding PROJ_INFO files v proj will create dig dig_att and dig_cats directories in the output mapset if they do NOT exist Map files for dig dig_att and dig_cats are also created for the new map layer Parameters map name Na
171. s of 1 10 12 15 changed to category 1 values of 3 6 11 changed to 2 and values 2 7 9 13 14 changed to 3 Any common boundaries are dissolved 124 NOTE The format for category label is if NO SPACES in the labels if SPACES in the labels Abc area name 1 Deflarea name 2 PA WWd area namen The format for category value is 10 12 15 INTERACTIVE MODE v reclass The first question asked is the map type Enter the type of map area line site area The default is for areas The next question is if common boundaries are dissolved Do you want common boundaries dissolved y n In The default is no meaning all exiting boundaries will be retained The next question is an option for using category labels Do you want to use category names y n In The default is no meaning the user will be using category values The next question asks for the name of the input map Enter vector map Enter list for a list of exiting vector files Hit RETURN to cancel request gt Any map is the user s search list is available The next question asks for the name of the output map Enter name for resultant vector map Enter list for a list of exiting vector files Hit RETURN to cancel request gt If the name is for an existing map the user will be asked if the map can be over written 125 The next question asks if a file of labels categories is to be used If names was selected previously Do you want to
172. se a message is output If the flag for list is given the sequence number field is omitted and the specified field values are changed in all records currently selected by find and or query delete d This command is used to delete data records Deletion of records is permanent Each line following the command should contain only a sequence number that you want to delete with a end line being last A backup of the database or copies of the data base files are the ways to protect your valuable data The following command sequence will delete all the records currently on v db rim s query list the result of the last query or find command after asking for approval delete end end e Ends multi line input for several other commands exit ex Use exit to end operation of v db rim cleanly In general do not use CTRL C to exit unless absolutely necessary When exit is encountered in a batch file input will revert back to the previous file or the terminal if any which called the batch file find f m w a d The find command is used to find the record s whose location label point is closest to a given point the target The target can be defined in one of several ways The found records are stored on an internal query list for output by other commands however see note 2 below Records are stored on the query list in order of proximity to the target location The optional find command line p
173. st on the command line the program will prompt the user to enter these names NOTES v to rast will only affect data in areas lying inside the boundaries of the current geographic region Before running v to rast the user should therefore ensure that the current geographic region is correctly set and that the region resolution is at the desired level the program may otherwise create an empty raster map layer An empty raster map layer will also be created if the vector map layer has not been assigned category attribute labels e g through use of the v digit program The v to rast program creates two files a raster map layer and a history file The GRASS program r support must be run to create additional support files for the raster map Additional problems sometimes lead to the creation of empty raster map layers Unfortunately error messages explaining these phenomena do not yet exist SEE ALSO g region r support v digit v import v support AUTHORS Michael Shapiro U S Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 152 v to sites NAME v to sites Converts point data in a binary GRASS vector map layer into a GRASS site_lists file GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v to sites v to sites help v to sites acCid input name output name dmax value DESCRIPTION The v to sites program extracts data from a GRASS vector map layer and stores output in a new GRASS site_lists file If a flag
174. standard GRASS user interface described in the manual entry for parser FEATURES Grass files created have the name extracted from the basename of the shapefile OPTIONS v in shape requires the user to enter the following information Parameters mapset name For creating a new mapset for the data imported This may be useful since we cannot create a projection info file and a default window in an existing mapset When a file is imported in the current mapset you should take care that they are in the same projection Unfortunately you may run in trouble after that when using g region Cf BUGS verbose debug level Number between 0 no trace of what s happening and 9 very verbose log logfile name Name of file where log info will be written By default log info are directed to stderr attribute a_name Name of the attribute to use as the category number in dig_att Give a value of list to see a list of available attributes BUGS AND CAVEAT Polygons with internal holes are not treated properly The holes are just treated as a continuation of the polygon There is no support for projection 75 Label for polygons are located on the edge rather than interior to the polygon This is ambiguous in cases of polygons that share boundaries with other polygons and will cause conflicts when running v support New mapset are always created with proj 0 zone 99 If the default proj and zone are not the same g region complaints and d vect or d
175. symbols sites within a GRASS vector area SCS GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v random v random help v random nsv map name site name dot name DESCRIPTION Allows a user to create a GRASS site_lists file containing sites randomly placed within an area This program is designed for demographic map areas and may NOT perform well for resource maps very irregularly shaped polygons The user provides the program with a file dot containing area category names default the n option allows the use of the area category number and a count of dots for that name input vector file name map and a site_lists file name site All sites in the site_lists file will have the same category code 1 v random is made to work with the mapgen mapping package to create special symbols at the site locations Flags n Use category numbers NOT names 5 Determine optimum dot size v Verbose mode Parameters map name Input vector file name site name Output site_lists file name dot name File name containing labels and dot counts FORMATS The dotfile file format is Using Names Using Numbers area name_1 3 category_num_1 3 area name_2 15 category_num_1 15 area name_3 5 category_num_1 5 area name_n 54 category_num_1 54 SEE ALSO mapgen AUTHOR R L Glenn USDA SCS NHQ CGIS M L Holko USDA SCS NHQ CGIS 123 v reclass NAME v reclass Changes vector category values for an existin
176. tain a Universe Polygon Some DLG files may or may NOT have this and processing will be required to handle each case differently This process is done in three phases 1 If the DLG does NOT contain category codes then a category file from the attribute file is created Then the ASCII dlg file is converted to a binary dlg file OR If the DLG does contain category codes then the ASCII DLG file is converted to a binary DLG file 2 The binary dlg file is converted to a binary vector file and the dig_att support file containing attribute information is created 3 The dig_plus support file is created by analyzing the vector file for topological information 46 Binary DLG File to GRASS Vector Converts binary DLG files which should be in the bdlg directory to a vector file and creates the dig_plus and dig_att support files The user is asked whether precedence should be given to Areas or Lines and if nodes should be snapped to other nodes within a calculated threshold This process is done in two phases 1 The binary DLG bdlg file is converted to a binary vector file and the dig_att support file containing attribute information is created 2 The dig_plus support file is created by analyzing the vector file for topological information ASCII Vector File into GRASS Vector Converts ASCII v digit files which are located in dig_ascii directory into binary vector files and creates the dig_plus support file Since a vector fil
177. tes can be input to v transform interactively or from a file specified 155 on the command line with the pointsfile option The pointsfile option is especially useful when several maps in the same geographic area require transformation as it eliminates the necessity for the user to repeatedly type in the same transformation coordinates A pointsfile file will contain between 4 to 10 lines each line will contain the set of coordinate transformation points for the input map and the corresponding set of coordinates for the output map The minimum number of lines for the transformation to take place is four The format of the pointsfile file is shown below Input Map Output Map yl yl yl yl XKX KKKK xXx ox In the format shown above the x s and y s can be thought of as eastings and northings depending on what coordinate systems you are transforming to and from An example of the pointsfile file TL 1 589000 4913000 1 17000 589000 4930000 17000 17000 610000 4930000 17000 1 610000 4913000 Within the pointsfile file numbers on a line must be spaced apart with tabs or blanks The example shown above was used to convert a map in digitizer coordinates range of 1 18000 to UTM coordinates within the UTM zone for the Spearfish sample data base location Because this pointsfile file is not your usual GRASS data file the user will have to keep track of where it is on the system When the points
178. the category contents of a binary vector map layer at user selected locations GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x SYNOPSIS v what v what help v what 1i map name DESCRIPTION v what outputs the category value s associated with user specified location s in a vector map layer OPTIONS If the i flag is specified the program activates the mouse and expects the user to indicate the location s to be queried by depressing a mouse button over desired location s within the current geographic region in the active display frame on the graphic monitor If the i flag is not used the program expects eastings and northings to be entered from standard input In this case input is terminated by typing Control D Flags l Identify and query just one point location i Query interactively using mouse Parameter map name Name of an existing binary vector map in the user s mapset search path EXAMPLE Two sample v what sessions are given below Although it is not necessary that the user first display a vector map to be queried in the active display frame it is helpful to have a map displayed there for reference for interactive queries v what i map roads 24000 After typing this the user moves the mouse to a desired location on the displayed roads map layer and presses the left mouse button to query the category value of the roads vector map at this location The program then outputs the category value of a line type co
179. the command line all parameters will be queried using the standard GRASS parser described in the manual entry for parser OPTIONS Parameters dbname name Vector rim data name with a maximum of 7 characters inlfile name TIGER typel input file name in2file name TIGER type2 input file name zone value Universal Transverse Mercator UTM zone in which these data are located Options 60 60 NOTES TIGER data are presented in latitude longitude format and are converted to UTM Universal Transverse Mercator coordinates as part of this importing routine The spheroid used in the conversion is clark 66 as it is the most consistent with the original data This command must be compiled separately and requires the use of rim and v db rim which contain FORTRAN code The user must have access to a FORTRAN compiler in order to compile and use this command since it calls both rim and v db rim If the user does not know the UTM zone for this data input file the command m tiger region should be run first to determine the zone v support must be run separately on the output file if needed FILES Source code for RIM is located under GISBASE src related rim Source code for v db rim is located under GISBASE src garden grass rim v db rim 86 Source code for v in tig rim is located under GISBASE src garden grass tig rim v in tig rim Source code for m tiger region is located under GISBASE src alpha misc m tiger region SEE A
180. the command line any other parameter values left unspecified on the command line will be set to their default values see below Alternately the user can simply type v trim on the command line without program arguments In this case the user will be prompted for needed parameter values using the standard GRASS user interface described in the manual entry for parser Parameters input name Name of an existing vector map layer in the user s current mapset search path containing lines to be trimmed output name Name of a new vector file to contained the trimmed output trim value A user specified trimming factor denoting the length of trimmed lines in map units All lines having a length less than this trimming factor will be trimmed i e removed from the named vector input file Default 10 in units of meters or cells NOTES v support must be run on the vector input file prior to running v trim 158 v support must also be run on the resultant vector output file to build the needed topology information stored under the user s dig_plus directory r line maintains the same format binary or ASCII and attribute type linear or area edge as those of the original vector dig input file A trimming factor of zero 0 will not remove any small spurs but will remove all excess nodes SEE ALSO r line r thin v digit v import v support parser AUTHOR Mike Baba DBA Systems Inc 159 v what NAME v what Query
181. the user and extension is the number of the DXF layer from which the data were obtained If the user does not specify a prefix name the output files take their prefix from the prefix of the input DXF map layer For example for the DXF file named streams dxf containing line data on layer 15 the GRASS vector map layer output would be named streams 15 EXAMPLES lines 15 Outputs line data in DXF layer 15 64 lines 15 16 Outputs line data in DXF layers 15 and 16 lines ROADS WATER Converts line data in DXF layers ROADS and WATER lines 15 16 Outputs line data in DXF layer 15 and places it in the dig or dig_ascii file for DXF layer 16 The below examples are given for a DXF design file named cont dxf containing contour lines and contour line labels in which index contour lines are in DXF layer 9 intermediate contour lines are in DXF layer 11 and index labels and some intermediate contour lines are in DXF layer 12 v in dxf can be run with default values as shown below v in dxf dxf cont dxf Here this is equivalent to running the following command v in dxf dxf cont dxf lines 9 11 12 labels 12 Either of the above commands will produce three GRASS dig files named cont 9 cont 11 and cont 12 and one dig_att file named cont 12 In our example however the cont 12 file contains intermediate contour lines that the user would like to add to the dig file cont 11 Our user also wishes to use a different file prefix than the default
182. ting ASCII vector format EXPORT FILES After entering the command v export the user will be asked which type of file to export Exports from GRASS Vector v digit Format 1 ASCII DLG file from GRASS Vector Format 2 ASCI DIGIT file from GRASS Vector Format 3 ASCII SCS GEF file from GRASS Vector Format 4 ASCII ARC INFO file from GRASS Vector Format 5 ASCII DXF file from GRASS Vector Format If numbers 1 4 are chosen v export will respond with a request for the vector file name After the user enters the file name the program proceeds to create the respective output format files GRASS Vector to DLG File Converts binary vector files such as those created by v digit to a DLG file and creates the attribute file Both files are placed in the dlg directory under a user selected name the attribute file has att appended GRASS Vector File into ASCII Vector File Converts a binary vector file into a readable ASCII file Both files are placed in the dig_ascii directory under the same name as the given vector file the attribute file has att appended 39 GRASS Vector to SCS GEF File Converts binary vector files to SCS GEF files Creates the SCS GEF header lines text and feature files All files are created and placed in a LOCATION gef directory as a single UNIX file under a user selected name The following is the SCS GEF file structure header record 1 header record n head line record 1 line record n line
183. ting exporting data into and from GRASS Such data files should be in ASCII format when transferred SEE ALSO v digitv import v out arc v out ascii v out dlg v out dlg scs v out dxf v out scsgef v support AUTHOR R L Glenn USDA SCS NHQ CGIS 40 v extract NAME v extract Selects vectors from an existing vector map and creates a new map containing only the selected vectors SCS GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v extract v extract help v extractFR dn type name input name output name new value list range file name DESCRIPTION v extract allows a user to create a new vector map layer from an existing vector map layer User provides the program with category numbers or option n names input vector file name an output vector name and the type of input map There is an option d to dissolve common boundaries between adjoining map areas in the same category list The user may specify a file containing category values or names The dissolve option will work on only those areas which are in the given category list If a map area is inside island a listed category area and is NOT in the given category list its boundaries are output to the resultant map OPTIONS Flags d Dissolve common boundaries Default no n Use category names NOT category values Parameters type name Select area line or site Options area line site input name Input vector map name output name Output ve
184. tion contained in the first 300 characters of each record The field name in all upper case letters may be used if the numeric value of the field is needed in the expression Two of the most useful fields are AREALAND and AREAWAT which allow the direct computation of population density values The be calculator usually returns a value with a very large number of decimal places Vector attributes are automatically truncated to integers by the v support program when the topology file is built Site list descriptions are likewise truncated to integers by GRASS programs which use the descriptions as numeric values e g sites to cell in s menu THE out table PARAMETER The default operation of v apply census when tabular reports are produced to stdout when not making a sites list or vector attribute file is to print the easting and northing coordinates and then the value resulting from the expression Often the user wishes to have an identifier different from the coordinates The construction out table field will replace the coordinates with the character string indicated by field which may have any of the three forms used for numeric fields in the formula expression see above Note a special case exists for the 66 character description field which begins in column 192 the entire field will be printed if designated by either of these two forms out table ANPSADPI or out table Z192 Complex tables may be produced by making multiple runs of
185. tion speed is greatly enhanced Normally a full Type 1 file will be specified by the tl parameter when a tlid file is used BUGS RESTRICTIONS Caution This program will overwrite an existing vector map of the same name without warning The Type 2 input file must be on a device capable of seeking i e not a tape drive CD ROM is OK but program will run much faster from disk files Input lines in a tlid file are limited to 300 characters in length If the system can allocate space to store all the TLID numbers read from this file it is only read once and execution speed is greatly enhanced on a typical system space for more than 10 000 numbers can be allocated SEE ALSO v apply cenus will generate polygon labels for Census tracts block groups etc from STF1 or PL94 171 files m in stfl tape and or unix text tools can be used to extract concatenate useful subsets of TIGER type records prior to running v in tiger basic AUTHOR Dr James Hinthorne GIS Laboratory Central Washington University 78 v in tig Indmk NAME v in tig Indmk Create GRASS vector map from TIGER files GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v in tig Indmk v in tig Indmk help v in tig Indmk tl TIGER 1 v in tig Indmk is tI TIGER_l t2 TIGER_2 t7 TIGER_7 t8 TIGER_8 tl TIGER_I tP TIGER_P input file vect name site name zone value spheroid name PARAMETERS tl Path name of Type 1 Tiger File t2 Path name of Type 2
186. tively or interactively The program will be run non interactively if the user specifies the name of a labeled binary vector file Alternately the user can simply type v autocorr on the command line without program arguments In this case the user will be prompted for parameter values using the standard GRASS parser interface described in the manual entry for parser SEE ALSO s voronoi v stats parser Daniel A Griffith 1987 Spatial Autocorrelation A Primer Association of American Geographers RANLIB C a library of C routines for random number generation compiled and written by Barry W Brown and James Lovato of the M D Anderson Cancer Center at the University of Texas was adapted for use by this program 13 BUGS The w flag does not work yet This program only works for fully labeled vector files with sequential categories beginning with 1 I don t know what it will do in any other situation Please send all bug fixes and comments to the author AUTHOR James Darrell McCauley Agricultural Engineering Purdue University 14 v cadlabel NAME v cadlabel Attaches labels to binary vector contour lines that have been imported to GRASS from DXF format GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v cadlabel v cadlabel help v cadlabel lines name labels name DESCRIPTION v cadlabel attaches labels to index contour lines by using the index contour lines and labels files that have been converted
187. tml and http www2 gis uiuc edu 2280 modviz The user must run g region before the program to set the region and resolution for interpolation 147 SEE ALSO s surf rst AUTHORS Original version of program in FORTRAN and GRASS enhancements Lubos Mitas NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Illinois USA Helena Mitasova Department of Geography University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign USA Modified program translated to C adapted for GRASS new segmentation procedure Irina Kosinovsky US Army CERL Dave Gerdes US Army CERL Modifications for new sites format and timestamping Darrel McCauley Purdue University REFERENCES H Mitasova L Mitas B M Brown D P Gerdes I Kosinovsky 1995 Modeling spatially and temporally distributed phenomena New methods and tools for GRASS GIS International Journal of GIS 9 4 special issue on Integrating GIS and Environmental modeling 433 446 Mitasova and Mitas 1993 Interpolation by Regularized Spline with Tension I Theory and Implementation Mathematical Geology 25 641 655 Mitasova and Hofierka 1993 Interpolation by Regularized Spline with Tension II Application to Terrain Modeling and Surface Geometry Analysis Mathematical Geology 25 657 667 Mitas L Mitasova H 1988 General variational approach to the interpolation problem Computers and Mathematics with Applications v 16 p 983 Talmi A and Gilat G 1977 Method for Smooth Approximation o
188. tory It is suggested to create a gef directory and put all SCS GEF data there 2 The program will then request the name of aGRASS vector file 3 The program will then request the name of a SUBJECT file A subject file will be used to assign GRASS category codes to the SCS GEF data It is structured the same as a dig_cats category file It is suggested that a SUBJ directory be created in the GRASS location and a file containing all SCS GEF text labels by category be created This will be required to provide consistency across several maps quads within one location The user may use the vi text editor or the SCS macro make_subject to create it 4 The program will then read the SCSGEF header information interactively present information that was available and request additional data of the user These questions are Name of the organization from SCS GEF Digitized Date from SCS GEF Map Name from SCS GEF Map Location from SCS GEF Other Information from SCS GEF State FIPS code County FIPS code Present GEF Coord System table stplane 11 utm Coordinate System Desired utm stplane 11 albers The program will then actively read the SCS GEF data file and process it scripts contains SCS macro make_1_gef This macro makes one file out of the three 3 files found in SCS GEF see SCS GEF technical specifications for more information The macro must be run on each data set BEFORE v in scs gef OPTIONS Flag
189. ts v import will not allow it to be placed in the current database location For each database location all data layer should have the same units If for some reason a data layer has different units than the rest of the data layers in the same database a new database location will have to be created for it ASCII DLG File to GRASS Vector Converts ASCH DLG files such as those created in GRASS to a vector file and creates the dig_plus and dig_att support files The user is asked several questions 1 The name of the DLG data file NOTE It should be available in the LOCATION dlg directory If the DLG data has an attribute flat file it should also be in LOCATION dlg 2 Determine if this map is composed of Area or Line information 45 NOTE Some machine processed DLG files do not make the distinction between lines and area edges For example in a roads map where the desired information is line data adowntown block surrounded by roads may be processed as an area Because of this the user is asked to choose whether to give precedence to areas or lines If precedence is given to lines the user should be aware that any lines that bound unlabeled areas in the DLG file will be stored as line data Any unlabeled areas would therefore be lost this is only a concern when areas are unlabeled labeled area information will be retained If precedence is given to areas lines will be stored as boundaries to areas that are unlabeled 3 Determ
190. typing simply v patch the program will prompt the user for inputs using the standard GRASS interface described in the manual entry for parser NOTES The vector map layers to be patched together must exist in the user s current mapset search path and the composite vector map layer name given must not already exist in the user s current mapset After running v patch the header file will contain only information taken from the first input file name given in the string input name name with the exception of the geographic region s edge information and the scale and threshold information The user s current geographic region settings are ignored this information is instead extracted from the vector file headers In the new composite vector map layer the boundaries of the geographic region will be expanded to encompass all of the geographic area included in the map layers being patched and the scale will be set equal to the smallest i e most gross scale used by any of the patched map layers this will affect default node snapping thresholds The map threshold is calculated automatically from the map scales given in the file headers and currently is not used directly The composite vector map layer s header will probably need to be edited this can be done from within the GRASS program v digit The GRASS programs v mkgrid and v mkquads can be used to ensure that the borders of the maps to be patched together align neatly Any vectors t
191. uadrangle GRASS Vector Program GRASS VERSION 4 x 5 x SYNOPSIS v mkquads v mkquads help v mkquads esrvx map name DESCRIPTION There are three types of output available from the GRASS program v mkquads 1 a vector map of all the full USGS quadrangles that will fit within the boundaries of the current geographic region 2 a GRASS sites list containing the corner coordinates of each of these quads 3 GRASS geographic region definition files associated with each of the quads created A quad is defined as the area covered by a USGS 7 5 minute 1 24 000 map This program is useful for managing a GRASS data base LOCATION which contains a number of quads which are to be patched together Flags e Encompass current geographic region with quads rather than only creating those quads that lie inside of the geographic region Use of this option will affect all output options 5 Create a GRASS sites list file The sites list will contain all the corner coordinates of all the full quads that can be built in the current geographic region The sites list file can then be displayed using the d sites program r Create region file s quad 1 quad 2 The program will generate a separate geographic region definition file for each quad each of the geographic region files created will have the prefix quad with some number attached to it For example if only one quad were created the geographic region file quad 1 would also be c
192. uotes single or double and that wild card comparisons can be done in the standard way with and characters Logical comparisons may also be combined with those operators above The permitted logical operators are and or not The following complex example should be examined The line breaks can occur between any tokens words values operators except within quoted strings 30 where name like Jones or name Smith and site lt 300 and not site 251 or site eq 15 or east lt 601000 5 This choice will display the records resulting from the last find query one at a time on the terminal Use ESC or enter a number to display another record and CTRL C to end the display 6 If a graphics monitor is active the selected vectors will be displayed The user may choose to erase the screen display raster vector and or site maps and or display the selected vectors from the database these maps are requested through the following interactive screen Just enter ESC to skip this step If no data base vectors are currently selected that section of the menu will not appear but the menu can still be used to display the other types of maps SELECTION MENU FOR ITEMS TO DISPLAY Enter raster and or vector map names if desired Raster file to display Vector file to display in color Site list to display Dpoints with size 3_ type box color white Display currently selected vectors enter x Dvect red Erase grap
193. v apply census redirecting the tabular output to files and using the Unix tools cut paste and colrm to combine the resulting files EXAMPLES These examples assume that STFl records for the census tracts SUMLEV 140 in a particular county CNTY 037 have been extracted from the distribution source with m in stfl db3 or m in stfl tpe and saved in a file named 037 140 in the current directory 1 Create a site list where the label values are the percentage of females in each input record v apply census in 037 140 out site formula pct female 100 1373 1301 2 Label an existing vector map named tract pop of tract boundaries with the total population of each tract run v support and build topology after creating the attributes file v apply census in 037 140 out atts formula tract pop P0010001 or v apply census in 037 140 out atts formula tract pop I301 3 Produce a tabular report of the census tract numbers and the number of Hispanics per square kilometer v apply census in 037 140 out table TRACTBNA formula m P0080001 AREALAND 1000 4 Produce a tabular report of the number of people per housing unit for each tract and the coordinates of the internal label point v apply census in 037 140 formula map P0010001 H0010001 FORMAT OF THE FORMULA TEXT FILE Running this program with the ef file command line parameter causes the named file to be read and each formula contained therein to be processed as if it were ente
194. v stats h map name If the user instead simply types v stats without specifying program arguments on the command line the program will prompt the user to enter inputs through the standard user interface described in the manual entry for parser NOTES Sample output follows Format Version 4 0 Level 2 access Portable Number of Lines 3 Number of Nodes 2 Number of Areas 2 complete Number of Isles 1 complete Number of Atts 2 The GRASS version number is given Parenthetical text following this describes the read access level available and notes whether or not the file is in GRASS version 4 0 portable data format The access level indicates the types of data available for the named vector map layer Level 1 denotes a binary vector file without any accompanying dig_plus file while Level 2 denotes the existence of a dig_plus vector topology file for the named map layer generally created by v support If only Level 1 information is available for a vector map layer only the number of lines and optionally the file header will be printed to standard output 140 If all areas and islands isles in the vector file have been identified usually by v support their counts will be followed by complete If not they will be followed by incomplete The dig_plus file which is created and updated by v support must exist for this information to be output SEE ALSO v digit v import v support parser AUTHOR David Ger
195. vector file to be converted to ARC INFO format arc_prefix name A prefix to be assigned to the ARC INFO format files output by v out arc INTERACTIVE MODE USER PROMPTS v out arc will prompt the user to enter the name of a GRASS vector file to be exported to ARC INFO and for a filename prefix to be used in naming the files created by the program A GRASS vector file to be exported to ARC INFO must either contain only linear features i e have only line coverage or contain only area edge features i e have only polygon coverage v out arc will begin by asking the user which type of coverage line or polygon is to be imported COVERAGE TYPE Enter polygon or line Hit RETURN to cancel request gt The program then prompts the user for the name of the GRASS 101 vector file to be converted to ARC INFO format VECTOR DIGIT FILENAME Enter list for a list of existing binary vector files Hit RETURN to cancel request gt Next the user is asked for a file name prefix to be used in naming the output ARC INFO Generate format files ARC INFO GENERATE FILENAME PREFIX Hit RETURN to cancel request gt The filename prefix will be used to name the various files that will be created for export to ARC INFO When labeled polygon coverage data are exported three such files will be created a lines file with the suffix lin a label points file with the suffix lab and a label text file with the suffix txt When line coverage
196. y a bad heuristic The output is saved in vector file format Edge labels of input edges will also be attached to the corresponding output edges OPTIONS Parameters input name Input vector level 2 file output name Output vector file precision value Number of significant positions after the decimal point Default 0 operation name One of the following sweep delaunay angle height slope hull These correspond to the constrained planesweep triangulation constrained Delaunay heuristic constrained MinMax angle triangulation constrained MaxMin height triangulation constrained MinMax slope triangulation and convex hull respectively Default is constrained planesweep triangulation NOTE The computation times for the various operations depends strongly on the algorithm used 43 The plansweep triangulation and convex hull computation require O n log n operations in the worst case Ed The Delaunay heuristic needs O n 2 time in the worst case however it performs much faster in practice The MinMax angle and MaxMin height triangulations need O n 2 log n operations BeEd EdTa and the MinMax slope triangulation needs O n 3 operations BeEd Internally the coordinates of the sites are stored in fix point format Therefore the number of decimal digits cannot exceed 64 bit or approx 16 decimal digits It is important that the input vector file is reasonably clean The current implementation of v geom takes care o
197. yout format is used With the flag for list format the field name followed by the contents are output one field per line The a flag also outputs in the list format but with a add line and a end line surrounding each record printed data files in this form can be read with input thus they form one kind of backup mechanism and can be used to transfer data not the 26 data base layout from one GRASS system to another The destination for the output is set by a previous output command default is stdout query q m w a d The query command is used to retrieve records via an SQL like request to RIM including a user specified where clause All fields for each record meeting the selection criteria are retrieved The optional query command line parameters cause records whose representative points are not in the region w and or mask m to be rejected so these conditions need not be tested in the where clause See find for a full explanation of the command line options After the query command line any number of lines each no more than 80 characters may be entered to define the SQL where clause A end line is required to finish the request and begin data retrieval See examples below The distance from clause may also be used as an additional selection criteria exactly as described in the examples and notes for find It must be entered as a separate line to the query prompt The retrieved records may b

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