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CosmosScope Reference Manual

1. 7 Click the Convert button to do the conversion The conversion results are displayed in a separate window containing a CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 8 9 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 8 RF Tool list of converted signals You can select and plot any of the signals in the list You may also select and save any of the signals toa ai_p1 plot file Conversion Equations The equations used in the conversion are as follows LO EAGLE EE eed SS E 160 CA Peet Les es kee where s aretheS parameters y arethe Y parameters z are the Z parameters Z0 is the system impedance 8 10 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 9 CosmosScope Quick Reference This chapter provides CosmosScope reference material for the following topics Icon Bar Icons Tool Bar cons Mouse Usage Hot Keys Shortcuts File Types Supported by CosmosScope CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 9 1 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 9 CosmosS cope Quick Reference Icon Bar Icons The following lists all CosmosScope con Bar icons and describes where to find information on their functions I I oa S XY Graph Open a new empty XY graph on the work surface sd LU Smith Chart Open a new empty Smith Chart graph on the work surface Gu k Polar Chart Open a new empty Polar Chart graph on the work surfa
2. X at Maximum Levels Displays the X value corresponding to the maximum value of a waveform X at Minimum Levels Displays the X value corresponding to the minimum value of a waveform Yield Statistics Displays the ratio of data points that fall between the specified upper and lower Y axis values of a waveform How to Use the Measurement Tool To use the measurement Tool you must have waveforms displayed in the graph window From the Measurement dialog box you can select the measurement operation you want to perform select the signal on which to perform the measurement and select measurement preferences After performing measurements with the Measurement Tool you can manage your measurement results with the Measure Results dialog box The following topics describe how to use the Measurement Tool e Measurement Dialog Box e Selecting a Measurement e Selecting a Signal for a Measurement e Setting the Range of a Measurement e Creating a New Waveform of Measurement Results Measurement Dialog Box The Measurement Signal and Apply Measurement to fields are always available in the Measurement dialog box Other fields within the dialog box change or 7 6 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc How to U se the Measurement Tool appear according to the particular measurement you are performing These fields are described in the individual measurement operations
3. Close Plotfiles Closes plotfiles highlighted in the Plotfiles list and removes the plotfile from the list Display Plotfiles Opens plotfile windows for the plotfiles highlighted in the Plotfiles list Setup Opens the Signal Manager Setup dialog box Match All Select this to match corresponding signals in all open plot files to the active graph Close Closes the Signal Manager dialog box Signal Manager Setup Button Dialog Box The Setup button opens the Setup dialog box allowing you to manage stack position stack orientation and plotfile window size A stack is an ordered group of plotfile windows placed one on top of each other The Setup dialog box is summarized below Anchor Position Buttons Position the stack on your monitor screen e For example if you choose C center the stack is centered in the screen e If you choose N the stack is offset to the middle and top North portion of the screen Signal Listbox Option Change the signal list windows mode Buttons e Multiple Create one signal list window for each opened plot file e Signal Create one signal list window for all opened plot files to share Double clicking on the plotfile name in the Signal Manager will set the plotfile active CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 5 11 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 5 Signal Manager Stacking Orientation Buttons Change the arrangement of plotfile windows in Stack Buttons Sav
4. The Reset button returns the work surface to the settings in place when the current session was opened or when the last settings were applied with the Apply button The Close button closes the dialog box and returns you to the work surface Graph Tab The Graph Tab allows you to change the colors and fonts used in your graphs You may specify color selections for Foreground Highlight Background 1 and Background 2 Foreground consists of all displayed text graph outlines grids and markers Highlight consists of text and signals which are displayed as reverse video when selected with the mouse cursor Background 1 is the background of all of the graph regions Background 2 is the background of the rest of the graph window To change colors Single click on the colored square you want to change A Color Editor dialog box will be displayed from which you may select or define new custom colors The reference material on the Drawing Tool provides additional details on the Color Editor To change the style of text Click on the ABC 123 button The Font Selection dialog box will be displayed to allow you to change the font settings CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 5 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference Signal Tab Signals are the information displayed in the graphs Each time you add another analog signal it is displayed in a different color If your screen co
5. General Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog scatter plot Dialog Box Fields Anchor Snap Signal Location Optional X1 Value X2 Value Generates moveable anchor points that snap to the signal waveform See the Example Closest Measurement When you have multiple anchor points visible on a graph from previous measurements this setting causes the measurement to snap to one of those nearest points If there is no visible measurement on the active graph from which to snap an error message is displayed To see an example refer to the Point Marker Example Floating Generates moveable anchor points are float within the graph To see an example refer to the Delta Y Example You can optionally specify two X values that are used to determine the Y value difference between the two X values Optional value You can change it by moving the anchor point after the initial measurement is made Optional value You can change it by moving the anchor point after the initial measurement is made CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Length Example 7 Length 0 7678 Measurement tool displays moveable anchor points and the Y value length between them CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 75 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Local Max Min Local Max Min 7 76 Description Displays the local maximum or minimum point or bot
6. Topline You set this field to a default or a specified level Offset You specify an offset value to be applied relative to the Topline value The default is 3 You must also choose which operator to use or along with the specified level The default is the minus sign This resulting level is also called the measurement level 7 30 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Bandwidth Bandwidth Calculations The following subtopics describe the calculations to determine the bandwidth of a waveform Topline If you do not specify the topline a default value is calculated by using a method specified in the Default Topline Baseline field in the Measurement Preference dialog box Offset Computed as one of topline offset_value topline offset_value topline offset_value or topline offset_value The resulting offset measurement level is used to determine the bandwidth measurement as follows Also see the example fLow frequency low is the first point that falls below the measurement level before the maximum point The fLow point can be shown on the graph using the Measure Results dialog box fHigh frequency high is the first point that falls below the measurement level after the maximum point The fHigh point can be shown on the graph using the Measure Results dialog box fCenter frequency center is calculated as fHigh fLow The fCenter p
7. 4 Pulse width gt max period 1 0018u ud Frequen gt Baseline 2 6756 e e Duty Cycle gt mim period 999 52n Measurement period 1 0018u Displayed on graph iod2 1 0008 ere E e Measurement period3 999 78n o lt Hidden on graph period4 1 0007u LR period5 1 0007u eo Status List Select All i Clear i Save i Close 1 A list of values from the selected measurement Measurement List A list of measurements performed on the signal The Delete Measurement button permanently deletes the selected measurement The Delete All button permanently deletes all measurements for the selected signal The Show All Values button displays all values for the selected measurement The Hide All Values button hides the display of all values for the selected measurement Passing the mouse cursor over a visibility indicator in the Status list will cause a highlighted measurement value to appear on thesignal in the active graph The Select All button selects all measurements so information for them can be saved to a text file when the Save button is selected The Clear button deselects all the selected check boxes The Save button pops up a dialog window with information for the selected measurements The Save button is located at the bottom of the window Clicking this button allows you to save information for the selected measurements to a text file The Close button closes the Meas
8. Closes all plotfile windows displayed in the Plotfiles list whether or not they are highlighted The plotfiles remain listed Opens and stacks plotfile windows highlighted in the Plotfiles list Stack orientation is managed with the Setup dialog box Stacks plotfile windows which are visible on the work surface Stack orientation is managed with the Setup dialog box Stacks all plotfile windows in the Plotfiles list whether or not they are highlighted Stack orientation is managed with the Setup dialog box Signal Manager Signals Menu Items 5 8 The following items appear in the Signals menu list in the Signal Manager dialog box Exact name match Glob pattem match A Regular expression match gt Full path Path component Deselect Signals Plot Selected Signals show All show Top Options under Signal Manager Signals Menu NOTE On some Windows systems the sd ection buttons do not appear as shown above Click the left mouse button on the highlighted entry to acti vate the se ection as a check mark CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Signal Manager Menus There are three Match options from which to choose these will be used in conjunction with the Signal Filter field Exact name match will search for an exact name match with your Signal Filter entry e Glob pattern match filename pattern matching using abcd wildcard characters e R
9. Duty Cycle Calculation The duty cycle is calculated as the ratio of the high portion of the waveform to the length of the period In the example the duty cycle is t1 period The circled portion of the waveform in the example is considered high and does not influence the calculation since it does not fall below the lower level of the waveform Further details of how the period is measured can be found in the description for the Period measurement More information about reference levels is provided in Waveform Reference Levels CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 47 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Eye Diagram Example dutycycle t1 period topline p pian upper 4 7 Measurement Not the end of a made with cycle as it does AN trigger specified not fall below the lower level middle gd f fA ah lower secescsbescee eos aora sis ej sites baseline 5 22 eee ee eee eects i Eye Diagram Description An eye diagram is used to display the behavior of a waveform cycle during a specific period of time The eye diagram Measurement dialog has the ability to effectively overlap periods of time within a specified periodic waveform This type of periodic waveform display provides signal analysis characteristics much like the measurable variations found in periodicity or jitter output There are two options to a
10. J j Measure Results Signal aut O A Delete Measurement Show All Values Delete All Hide All Values Frequency gt pasetine 2 6756 af Pulse width gt max period 1 0018u Measurement S idden E Duty Cycle i gt min period 999 52n E ho Measurement E _ period1 1 0018u Displayed period2 1 0008u period3 999 78n period4 1 0007u periods 1 0007u Measurement S List Select All i Clear i Save Status List The Measurement list displays all measurements that are active for a signal Measurement values for the selected measurement are displayed in the Status list Status List Displays a list of measurement values associated with the selected measurement in the Measurement list Each value has a visibility indicator associated with it Visibility Indicator A Visibility Indicator shows the display status of a measurement value e To change the state of the visibility indicator single click the left mouse button e An all black visibility indicator indicates that the measurement value is not displayed e An all green visibility indicator shows that the measurement value is displayed 4 24 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Graph Pulldown Menu Options Signal Field Allows you to select any signal displayed in the graph window To display all available signals in the graph window single click with the left mouse button on the dow
11. Example 5 0 hats aaa y Topline 3 7566 0 01 AA E ee ee H Baseline 840 3u 0 06 0 065 0 07 0 075 0 08 t s At X Description Displays the Y axis value at a particular X axis point on a waveform Measurement Category General Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog digital scatter plot spectral histogram bus Dialog Box Fields X Value Optional You can provide an X value and the tool will provide the Y value at that coordinate If you do not specify the X value a default is used CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 27 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc At X Example 1 5 0 Slide anchor point along waveform to find other Y values 4 0 You choose X value or let the tool choose 3 0 wy 20 0 06871 745 8018 a default value 1 0 0 0 Measurement tool 1 0 T j finds corresponding 0 06 0 065 0 07 0 075 0 08 Y value t s Example 2 This example shows a non monotonic signal The measurement result can display multiple Y values for a given X value with this type of signal t s v 0 07 X value 0 2567 Ee WW 0 06 At this X value multiple Y values 0 05 are found t s 0 04 Move anchor point up and down to 0 03 find other Y values 0 02 E Move vertical line 0 2567 0 01879 from side to side EE to specify alternate 1 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 1 5 X value v 7 28 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004
12. If the signal is also represented by a line the line will still be displayed symbol O O A O X none For analog signals the Symbol Width field allows you to change the size of displayed symbols For analog signals the Bar field allows you to fill in the area under a curve with a pattern Several bar patterns are displayed The pattern will be in the color of the signal Bar Z IN BE Se Outline kr none For analog signals the Monotonic Plot field allows you to display the signals in monotonic mode meaning only points with interesting x values will be plotted Monotonic Plot On Off CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Stack Region Field Trace Height Field Bus Field View Field Label Field Graph Pulldown Menu Options Allows you to move the signal currently selected in the Signal Attributes dialog box in and out of different graph regions Stack Region New Digital 0 e Digital will move the selected analog or digital signal into a single digital trace graph region e New will move the selected analog or digital signal into a new analog graph region at the top of all other analog graph regions in the graph window e n where n is the identifying number of a graph region will move the selected analog or digital signal into the analog graph region specified by the number n For digital signals the Trace Height field allows you to c
13. Indicates the end time optional The eye diagram measurement can be applied to the entire waveform or exclusively to the visible X and Y range of the output signal Measurement Category Time Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 51 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Eye Mask Eye Mask Description Eye Mask is used to display the maximum width and height of an eye diagram opening Eye Mask measurement provides three Eye Mask types They are Diamond Eye Mask Rectangle Eye Mask and Hexagon Eye Mask Measurement Category Time domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog Example The Eye Mask Measurement dialog box as shown in the following figure can be accessed by choosing the menu item Tools gt Measurement gt Time Domain gt Eye Mask H Measurement m Accuracy of x and y range 5 Export i Import i Apply Measurement to Entire Waveform D Visible x and VM range only y ose Defauts T 7 52 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Eye Mask The field names in the Eye Mask Measurement dialogue are Eye Mask type In figure above the Diamond radio button is selected Accuracy of x and y range Indicate the percentage of the x and y ranges within which the Diamond Mask is calculated When Hexagon or Rectangle radio button is selected Hexagon s Rectangle s extreme y value
14. The measurement operations are divided into categories as shown in the Measurement dialog box Measurement O Click here to display the Edit Help ie Measurement Categories menu Measurement At Xx Al Active Graph Graph0 Time Domain Signal ere X value Frequency Domain S Domain Apply Measurement to Statistics 4 Entire Waveform Measurement Categories gt w Visible X and Y range only O Click on the appropriate choice to display the measurement Apply Close Defaults operations for that category Selecting a Measurement The Measurement field allows you to select the measurement operation Click on the associated arrow button to expand the list of available measurements and select the one you want Measurement Edit Help O Click here to display the Measurement Categories Measurement Gain Margin Active Graph Graph0 Al Signal aout Amplitude Apply Close Defaults Selecting a Signal for a Measurement The Signal field allows you to select the signal from the active graph on which a measurement will be performed CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 7 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 7 Measurement Tool Click on the associated arrow button to expand the list of available signals from the active graph and select the one you want or you can click on a signal in the active g
15. a Choose the Measurement gt Frequency Domain gt Gain Margin menu item b Click the Apply button The gain margin is displayed on the graph c You can select the measurement labels and move them if the graph becomes too cluttered Position the cursor over the text Then left dick and hold while moving the cursor to a new location 5 You can get more information about each of the measures you performed or control the amount of information displayed in the Graph window by using the Measure Results dialog box as follows CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 2 5 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 2 Tutorial Viewing Saber Simulator Results a In the Graph window move the mouse cursor to the aout signal name b Usethe popup menu and choose the Signal Menu gt Measure Results item A Measure Results dialog box appears c Inthe Measure Results dialog box be sure the Bandwidth item in the left column is selected as shown in the following figure O EE 2 Signal FT Delete Measurement aaa Show All Values Delete All Hide All Values i Bandwidth gt topline 3 7 1925 eos bandwidth 1 6027meg e fLow 433 97 fCenter 26376 0 e fHigh 1 6031mey Q 0 016458 Select All Clear Save Click these buttons to display levels on graph Click them again to hide the values Visibility Indicat rs Select button d Noticein the Measure Results dialog b
16. extrapolated from PowerOut1 with a slope of 1 and a line with a slope of 3 extrapolated from PowerOut3 intersect PoverOutl represents the first order term and PowerOut3 is the third order term Both lines must be extrapolated from a region with sufficiently low input power OI P3 is the value of PowerOut at which 1P3 occurs II P3 is the value of the Power n value at which P3 occurs Measurement Category RF Type of Measured Waveform Analog Power type either PowerOut versus Powerln or PowerOut versus Frequence with Powerln as a sweep parameter Dalog Box Fields Given two waveforms one is PowerOut1 versus Powerl n the other is PowerOut3 versus Powerl n the following Dialog Box Fields show PowerOutl First order term PowerOutl versus Powerln curve PowerOut3 Third order term PowerOut3 versus Powerln curve Powerln Powerln value Examples CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 69 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc IP3 SFDR q ti E co D Ol Si dBm Watt pin dBm iw Pr rloadh 1 Pr rload 2 200 0 A De eh ep 60 0 50 0 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 0 00 10 0 pindBm w Given one waveform PowerOut versus Frequency with Powerln as a sweep parameter the following Dialog Box Fields show PowerOutl Waveform of PowerOut versus Frequency with Powerln as a sweep parameter PowerOut3 This field is not used in this case Freq First Frequency to ge
17. routine illustrating how a parameterized analog waveform is created For parameterized Wf_rec wf_type char char char char int PfFormat_Value PfFormat_Value char char int double wf stype xname 241 xunit 24 yname 128 yunit 24 numpts xval yval parName 24 parUnit 24 parValNum parValues stype WF_ANALOG_REAL analog waveform Waveform handle returned from WfX_Create Type name name name name of waveform and data for x axis for x units for y axis for y units number of points to add to waveform x val y val name lue for waveform lue for waveform for parameter value units for parameter value number of parameter values parameter values Get name and units for x and y data strcpy xname strcpy strcpy yname MUNG Sows strcpy yunits Get name units strcpy parName strcpy parUnit parValNum for i 0 i lt ValNum i parValues i CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc number of parameters and values A 11 Appendix A External Waveform Database API Initialize waveform wf WfX_Create interp stype xname xunit WF_LINEAR yname yunit 1 Specify parameters associa
18. waveform This routine is called when the AIM command wf info is performed on a waveform associated with an external format The set of required attributes that the database reader must provide are datatype got_xaxis nsegments wftype xname xunit xscale yname yunit and yscale A 4 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc The interface for this routine is shown below typedef int WfX_GetWaveformAttProc Tcl_Interp interp pointer to interpreter ClientData clientdata address of data specific to the container char wfname waveform name string char attribute attribute name string PfFormat_Value value value returned by routine CreateWaveformProc TheCreateWaveformProc is called when a complete waveform is to be to be loaded into memory for example when a waveform is plotted or used in a calculation or used in a measurement To create the waveform use the set of waveform creation routines described in the next section in this routine The interface for this routine is shown below typedef int PfFormat_CreateWaveformProc Tcl_Interp interp pointer to interpreter ClientData clientdata address of data specific to the container char wfname waveform name string Wf_rec wfptr waveform record returned by the database reader Waveform Creation Routines Interfaces to the waveform creat
19. 1 X and Y for the first point X and Y for the second point X value difference between the two points 2 3 4 Y value difference between the two points 5 Length of a straight line that connects two points 6 Slope of the two points If two waveforms are selected the two waveforms do not need to be the same type but they must be in the same graph region Measurement Category General Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog digital Dialog Box Fields Number of Signals Signal s Location Optional Select the number of signals to apply the measurement 1 or 2 The signals from the active graph window are listed select the desired signal s to measure When measuring 2 signals select from the pulldown list the Signal and Ref Signal a Swap button appears to allow you to reverse the measurement operation Specify if desired two X values used to determine the Y values Adjust the X1 and X2 Value entries by moving the anchor point after making the initial measurement CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 109 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Point to Point Check boxes X1 Y1 Check the boxes to choose the values you want to X2 Y2 DeltaX display All the boxes are checked by default DeltaY Length Slope Apply Measurement Select from Entire Waveform or for the Visible X and to Y range only Short Cut Icon A short cut con for the Point to Point Measuremen
20. 5 2 Opening a Saved Graph or Outline 6 3 Overshoot 7 90 Panning 6 7 Pareto 7 93 Peak to Peak 7 102 Performing Measurements on a Waveform 2 4 Performing Measurements on an Star H spice Waveform 3 4 Period 7 103 Phase 7 105 Index 2 Phase Margin 7 106 Point Marker 7 107 Point to Point 7 109 Polar Chart 6 12 Pulse Width 7 111 Q Quality Factor 7 113 R Range 7 114 Real 7 114 Redraw Status Window 6 4 Riseti me 7 115 RMS 7 117 S Saving a Graph or Outline 6 2 Scope Popup Menus 4 36 Scroll Bars 6 8 Searching M ultiple Plotfiles for Signals 5 5 Setting Measurement Preferences 7 18 Setting up the Design Data 3 1 Setting up the Saber Simulation Data 2 1 Settle Time 7 118 Signal Manager Buttons 5 11 Signal Manager Dialog Box 5 6 Signal Manager Menus 5 7 Signal Manager Plotfile Window 5 13 Signal Manager Signal Filter Field 5 10 Slew Rate 7 120 Slider 6 8 Slope 7 122 Smith Chart 6 11 Standard Deviation 7 123 Star H spice Sweep Filtering 5 3 Stopband 7 124 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Index T Threshold at Y 7 126 Tool Bar Icons 9 5 Tools Pulldown Menu Options 4 35 Topline 7 127 Topline Baseline Calculation 7 20 Trace Graph Region 6 9 Tutorials 1 3 U Undershoot 7 127 V Vertical Cursor 7 129 Vertical Level 7 129 Viewing AC Analysis Waveforms 3 3 Viewing Saber AC Analysis Waveforms 2 3 Viewing Saber Transient Ana
21. Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Mean 3 std dev Example s _run dis 3 std_dev SE Al SE displays a stationary ar horizontal line with 7 AA AS A moveable text a ATA S A ZA J PN AA A ws A 2 A s a Ea R i D Sa AA A AS A TA AA A mn _run Mean 3 std_dev Description Displays the mean 30 value of a waveform Measurement Category Statistics Type of Measured Waveform Scatter plot histogram analog event driven analog Dialog Box Fields Category List All Statistic category items appear below the Signal field Select the Mean 3 std_dev item and any other items you want to measure Mean 3 std dev Calculation The value is calculated as mean 36 wheremean is the mean value and cis the standard deviation CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 85 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Median Example Measurement tool displays a stationary horizontal line with moveable text Median Description Displays the median value of a waveform Measurement Category Statistics Type of Measured Waveform Scatter plot histogram analog event driven analog Dialog Box Fields Category List All Statistic category items appear below the Signal field Select the Median item and any other items you want to measure Median Calculation The calculated median value represents the Y axis point at which half of the data points are above
22. Enhanced Metafile File gt Configuration There are two options and one setting available Save saves your work surface configuration immediately Clear dears any saved configuration you have made in the current session The next time CosmosScope is invoked your configuration will return to the default settings Save on Exit checkbox setting saves your configuration settings upon exiting CosmosScope To do this you must start the application from the directory in which your work will be performed The next time you invoke CosmosScope these settings will be retained Save in working directory saves your work surface configuration into the directory where CosmosScope has been invoked Save in home directory saves your work surface configuration into your home directory CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 3 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference When CosmosScope is invoked it will try to load the configuration file scopecfg from the local directory If it can t find the file it will try the home directory File gt Print Select this option to open the Print dialog box To print the current graph single click on the OK button File gt Printer This menu item appears in UNIX versions of CosmosScope It allows you to Create a new printer configuration Remove a printer from the printer list or change the Properties of your printers File gt Exit This optio
23. Inc e Click on Active Graph or New Graph Create New Waveform on Active Graph M AtXvs run How to Use the Measurement Tool Choose one M At X Histogram Active Graph New Graph Onnlv hdoaciuroamant tn CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc 7 9 Chapter 7 Measurement Tool NOTE If any existing waveform is automatically updated due to an automatic plot action such as Append specified in an analysis all measurement waveforms that depend on that waveform are updated at thesametime Managing Measurement Results The Measure Results dialog box displays measurement results and manages the amount of data you view on a graph at one time The Measure Results dialog box description is divided into the following topics e Accessing the Measurement Results Dialog Box e Measurement List e Status List e Signal Field Accessing the Measurement Results Dialog Box There are various ways to open the Measure Results dialog box e Select the Graph gt Measure Results pulldown menu choice 7 10 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Managing Measurement Results e Double click on any highlighted measurement value in a graph window Measure Results Signal faout de Delete Measurement i Show All Values i Perser saa ok es Choose the measurement d FE you want to view BRA Topline 5 879 D
24. Optional You can provide an X value and the tool will provide the Y value at that coordinate If you do not specify the X value a default is used CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Maximum Magnitude Calculation The magnitude of a waveform is calculated as the absolute value of an argument mag real imag Example topline dB v f Hz out Measurement Level dB v Measurement tool displays Magnitude Maximum Description Displays the maximum value of a waveform Measurement Category Levels Statistics Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog scatter plot histogram spectral CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 81 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Maximum Dialog Box Fields Category List This measurement appears in the Statistics or Levels category All Statistic or Levels category items appear below the Signal field depending on which category you selected Select the Maximum item and any other items you want to measure Example 1 Levels Maximum 4 4645 Measurement Measurement tool J displays a stationary horizontal line with V 4 moveable text Example 2 Hz t s 7 Freq out Maximum 50 019 fa cs te Statistics Ts Measurement J Measurement tool displays a stationary Hz horizontal line with moveable text t s Earlier measurement produced this waveform sh
25. Options Graph gt Match Aspect Ration Menu Option This option allows you to change the dimensions of the graph window This can be useful for matching the aspect ratio of a sheet of paper for printing hardcopy To change the graph window dimensions to match the aspect ratio type the values for height and or width in the appropriate fields and click the OK button Graph gt Rename Window Title Menu Option This option allows you to rename the title on the graph window Graph gt Clear Graph Selecting this option will clear all signals axes and legends from the graph window without saving the information Tools Pulldown Menu Options The Tools menu provides alternative access to the various tools that are available as Tool Bar Icons at the bottom of the screen Refer to the documentation set for these tools Command Line Tool Draw Tool Signal Manager Measurement Calculator Macro Recorder RF Tool and MATLAB Window Pulldown Menu Options The Windows pulldown menu allows management of multiple windows on the work surface All of the windows on the work surface are listed at the bottom of the Windows pulldown menu To open an iconized window or to bring a window to the front of a stack of windows single click the left mouse button on the window name in thelist CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 35 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference Other functions are C
26. Plot Frequengy crisi ane nr nanas 7 89 ee e EE D avr EE 7 90 Pal e DEE 7 93 BLOE Meel Ee eege ENEE 7 97 Peak tO PAK ciao 7 102 DI te e BEE EE 7 103 et 7 105 Phase Maris AAA ds 7 106 PONE Mare ida li 7 107 POMELO PON Estalla 7 109 10 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Table Of Contents Pu lse Width EE 7 111 Quality Fat A AAA 7 113 RINGE e eaa A 7 114 Eeer EE 7 114 A A IO 7 115 RM EE PR A O 7 117 SELLE TIME aa EE EE 7 118 MA EE 7 120 O 7 122 Standard Dear aid 7 123 Klee 6 02 00 BEN 7 124 Threshold at NT AE A dare AAA A a 7 126 A O a Raa th aa hua Meee tue 7 127 leie SING EE 7 127 Vertical Leyal dad ociosa 7 129 Vertical RA WEE 7 129 Xat VAE e O O 7 130 X at tee Ern EE 7 131 CIE 7 132 Chapter 8 RETO WEE 8 1 Invoking the RE Tool ias ad 8 1 Point Trace Measurements EE 8 1 RF Tool Point Trace dialog ui 8 2 Point Trace Markers and Table 8 3 Ve Felge en de A nee nt ee ee Re 8 4 A E 8 5 Available Power Gain Circle 8 6 Operating Power Gain Cirde nn 8 7 VENIR IC A A A A 8 8 Parameter Conversion E 8 9 Conversion Procedure inet td 8 9 Re WE Te Be Eet KEEN 8 10 Chapter 9 CosmosScope Quick Reference ccccccccccccnnncccccccncninnnanannann conos 9 1 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc 11 Table Of Contents EG PAF Kee a EE 9 2 e e eA CNS E 9 5 Mouse USA GG ia is 9 6 Hot RS iia 9 8 File Types Supported by CosmosScope
27. R 2 close to 0 indicates that the fit is not good and that thereis not a strong linear relationship between the measured value and that parameter meaning that a change in that parameter will have little or no effect on the measured value The parameters with both a high sensitivity and a relatively high R 2 value are the ones that will have the most affect on the measured value In other words these are the parameters that should have a tighter tolerance to control the amount of variation in the output In addition these parameters can be used to change the value of the measured output Answering the question of what is considered a high R 2 value is not easy since it depends on the interactions in the circuit In practice it is not uncommon for all parameters to have R 2 values less than 0 7 This does not mean that the parameters are not important but is likely because two or more parameters interact to affect the measured output The scatter plots give more detailed information than is available from the R 2 and sensitivity histograms Each scatter plot shows the measured values versus the parameter values The best fit line through the data and the R 2 value are displayed The more closely the points follow the best fit line the higher the R 2 value An R 2 value of 1 would mean that all of the points would be exactly on the line Values of R 2 above approximately 0 7 will still show the scatter points to follow the tendency of the
28. Reference Topline Levels Specify a topline value within the upper and lower Y axis values or usethe default value You can display this reference level by clicking on the Visibility Indicator at the right of the Topline field Baseline Specify a baseline value within the upper and lower y axis values or usethe default value You can display this reference level by clicking on the Visibility Indicator at the right of the Baseline field Measure Absolute Format The magnitude of the overshoot is calculated as the absolute value of an argument Percentage The magnitude of the overshoot is calculated as the percentage of an argument Undershoot Calculation The undershoot s calculated as the difference between the minimum point on the waveform and the specified or calculated Baseline value Example Measurement tool displays undershoot result based on Baseline value Click on Visibility Indicator corresponding to the Baseline field to Baseline 840 3u under 0 91076 display this level 7 128 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Vertical Leve Vertical Level Description Displays a moveable vertical line to identify x axis levels Measurement Category General Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog digital scatter plot histogram spectral Dialog Box Fields Location Optional You can specify an x value to place a vertical level on
29. Rs 9 9 Chapter 10 External Waveform Database API oocccoccccccccnnncoannnonononannnnnnos A 1 Creating a Database Reader A 1 Define Initialization Routine A 2 Create Member Routines ss A 2 ET dee Run ege A 3 OpenContamner P e EE A 3 Re e We ng E A 4 IS AT Rn d ge A 4 GaWav fo MATT Oca cds o A 4 CreateWaveformProc nn A 5 Waveform Creation Routines ss A 5 Non parameterized Waveform Routine A 6 WfX_Create A 7 Wf_CreateDgt A 8 WfX_AddValue A 8 Wf_AddValues A 9 Parameterized Waveform Routine A 10 WfX_AddNumberParameter A 12 WfX_AddSetParameter A 13 WfX_AddStringParameter A 13 WfX_NextParameterValue A 13 Compiling and Linking the Database Access Package dl A 14 Loading the Database Access Package A 15 Files Provided with the Saber Goftware A 16 Chapter 11 ASCII File Export and Import nono B 1 A AE B 1 Set Export Prensa B 1 Exporting WAVE INS ii ca B 1 Exporting Blo ol B 2 12 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Table Of Contents A EE EE B 2 Waveform Descriptor Header B 3 Independent variable element B 3 Dependent variable dement AukkkRREEENRRRREREEEENNENE EEN B 3 PA a Le eer B 4 Sample ASCII Import File ns B 4 IAA E E de nn Index 1 BOOK ees Bookshelf 1 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 13 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Table Of Contents 14 CosmosS cope Reference Manual De
30. Signal into Saber Simulator Guide e When using either CosmosScope or Saber copy a signal into a Guide form by highlighting the signal in the plotfile window placing the mouse cursor in the form field and clicking the middle mouse button HSPICE Sweep Filtering It is possible to have a single HSPICE run produce multiple output files For example you can set CosmosScope to produce multiple transient analysis files for each temperature setting with temperature as the Parameter To use this feature in the signal manager click Open Plotfiles In the Open Plotfiles dialog select two or more analyses output files with the same root name and the same type of analysis eg bjtdiff acO bjtdiff acl If the measurement analysis files are available in this case bjtdiff ma0 bjtdiff mal the tool will permit you to specify the range of parameters you are interested in Select 2 or more runs from the same HSPICE execution trO t1 The Hspice Sweep Filtering dialog will appear Alter Parameter Name Minimum and Maximum will become enabled when Selection Range is set to Selection To select All output files you must select two or more analyses first The pull down menu will let you select sweep parameter or measurement Minimum Maximum will let you specify the range to open Click OK and the plotfiles whose parameters fall within that range will be opened and displayed in the signal list dialog CosmosS cope Reference Manua
31. Synopsys Inc Average Average Description Displays the average value of a waveform Measurement Category Levels Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog Dialog Box Fields Category List All Levels category items appear below the Signal field Select the item s you want to measure Average Calculation The average value of a waveform is calculated as follows x2 x2 x1 l Kee W represents the waveform and x1 and x2 are the starting and ending points for the waveform Example 5 0 4 0 3 0 V 2 04 Ave 1 5593 1 0 0 0 Measurement level shown as non moveable line AAA with moveable text 0 06 0 065 0 07 0 075 0 08 t s CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 29 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Bandwidth Bandwidth Description Displays the bandwidth the low high or center frequency or the level at which the measurement is made for a bandpass shaped waveform The measurement is made relative to a default or specified topline level and a specified offset Measurement Category Frequency Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog spectral Possible Errors An error is reported if the first or last data point is above the measurement level Dialog Box Fields Reference Levels If you want to see the topline and or offset level displayed on the waveform you click on the Visibility Indicator to the right of the Topline or Offset field
32. X Value the waveform If you do not specify one a default value is computed Example X 0 011357 Measurement tool displays a moveable vertical line and a corresponding x axis value Vertical Cursor Description Displays a vertical cursor that spans different graphs for X value Y value and delta Y measurements Measurement Category General CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 129 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc X at Maximum Type of Measured Waveform Any Vertical Cursor Measurement To access the Vertical Cursor 1 Select Tools gt Measurement or select the Measurement button in the lower tool bar 2 In the Measurement form select General gt Vertical Cursor and click the Apply button This measurement may be deleted in the Measure Results form or via a right mouse button form The Vertical Cursor measurement places vertical cursors in the regions of the selected signal and the reference signal one marker in each region You may move the marker if there are multiple Y values at that X value You may also move the vertical cursor horizontally The vertical cursors related to the same measurement in different regions move simultaneously Vertical Cursor measurement results are in two parts 1 X Y values of points indicated by the two markers 2 Delta Y between the two markers Measurement results are displayed beside the markers and cursors They can also be viewed
33. Y range only Apply Close Defaults e If you want to see values displayed on the graph for Topline and Offset that are used in the bandwidth calculation click the visibility indicator buttons to the right of the perspective Reference Levels fields f Click the Apply button The bandwidth is displayed on the graph 4 Select the Gain Margin measurement by doing the following a Choose the Measurement gt Frequency Domain gt Gain Margin menu item b Click the Apply button The gain margin is displayed on the graph c You can select the measurement labels and move them if the graph becomes too cluttered Position the cursor over the text Then left dick and hold while moving the cursor to a new location CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 3 5 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 3 Tutorial Viewing HSPICE Results 5 You can get more information about each of the measures you performed or control the amount of information displayed in the Graph window by using the Measure Results dialog box a Select button In the Graph window move the mouse cursor to the v aout signal name Use the popup menu and choose the Signal Menu gt Measure Results item A Measure Results dialog box appears In the Measure Results dialog box be sure the Bandwidth item in the left column is selected see the following figure E Measure Results Signal aout Al Delete Measurement Show All Values Delete
34. assume that a frequency measurement is being applied to this waveform This waveform has two members Member 1 is shown divided into four counts each representing periods for this measurement If a measurement checks the rising edge then there are four rising edge counts Although not shown Member 2 is also divided into counts CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 15 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 7 Measurement Tool If you use the default count value of 1 the frequency measurement is applied to the first count of each member of the waveform If you select Specify in the Multi Member Count field you can choose which waveform count the measurement will use Specifying Last applies the measurement to the last count of each segment If you specify All the measurement calculation uses all the counts Member 1 Count 1 2 3 4 1 00 Last 0 75 Member 1 0 50 0 25 V 0 00 0 25 Member 2 0 50 0 75 1 00 y I T T T T T 40u 50u 60u 70u 80u 90u t s Multi Member Count Example This topic shows an example of how measurement results vary in response to changing the Multi Member Count field in the Measure Preference dialog box This example uses a frequency measurement 7 16 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Multi Member Waveform M easurements The frequency measurement results shown in the example is for a multi memb
35. button you can alternate between the two signals to determine which one becomes the reference Slope Trigger either Measurement finds all crossings regardless of the slopes positive Measurement finds crossings where the slope difference between the two waveforms is positive negative Measurement finds crossings where the slope difference between the two waveforms is negative Create New X at Crossing vs K axis Creates a new waveform with Waveform on the X values Y axis of the crossing points versus the Active Graph or X axis parameter New Graph Y at Crossing vs K axis Creates a new waveform with the Y values Y axis of the crossing points versus the X axis parameter as in Example 2 Crossing Calculation The particular crossing displayed is determined by the Multi Member Count setting in the Measure Preferences dialog box and by the Slope Trigger field in the Measurement dialog box If you need more information on the count setting refer to the Multi M ember Count Example The slope of the crossing s to be selected can be designated using the Slope Trigger field in the Measurement dialog box A positive crossing is one where the difference in the slope of the measured waveform and the slope of the reference waveform is greater than 0 A negative crossing is one where the difference of the slopes is less than 0 7 36 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Example 1
36. can select signals and apply a Point Trace measurement or you can select a circle item and input necessary configuration information to calculate RF cirdes Invoking the RF Tool 1 Select Tools gt RF Tool from the menu or click the RF Tool icon on the Tool Bar 2 TheRF Tool dialog box opens along with the Point Trace dialog box 3 OntheRF Tool dialog box dick the down arrow button in the Tool Item fields You can then select the item you want to apply from the selection menu Point Trace Measurements You can place Point Trace Markers for one or more signals from the same output file on Smith Polar Charts These markers are secured to one another moving a marker from one chart will cause the rest of the markers to move as well The markers will follow a trace and sequentially move from one data point to another on the same frequency value If the signals are multi member signals you can make markers jump to different segments by right clicking the mouse on the marker and selecting Next Segment from the menu Markers will then be displayed on the Smith Polar Chart A Point Trace Table will be displayed as a separate window to show the values of the markers The results include the frequency range the system impedance the current frequency value the signal name magnitude phase impedance and admittance values for S Parameters In addition results also include the segment index and sweep parameters for multi member signals Cos
37. display host server display pfiles pfilenamel pfile noconfig geom geom script aimfile The following table describes the scope and cscope command options Option h display host 0 0 pfiles pfile noconfig geom geom script aimfile Description Displays the scope or cscope command syntax and a list of the invocation options Displays screen graphics on the specified host On some systems you can replace host 0 0 with unix 0 0 or 0 0 when the display host is the one running the simulator or the Scope Waveform Analyzer Specifies the plotfile to be opened at start up Requests that the saved configuration not be loaded on start up Defines the geometry for the Scope window Executes the specified AIM script on start up CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Openinga Plot File Option Description app application name Specifies the application that CosmosScope is integrated with The value can be saber cosmos or saberhdl Opening a Plot File To open a plot file e Choose the File gt Open gt Plotfile menu choice This choice displays the Open Plot Files dialog box e n the Directory field navigate to the directory that contains the plot file you wish to analyze e Set the Files of type field as appropriate for the kind of plot file you wish to open e Highlight the desired file and click the Open button Refer to
38. each member of a signal Each label is associated with a visibility indicator to the right in the dialog box Allows you to select any signal displayed in the graph window e To display all available signals in the graph window single click with the left mouse button on the downward pointing arrow at the right of the Signal field Each Visibility Indicator shows the display status of a member Each indicator is associated with a member label in the Label List to the left e To change the state of the visibility indicator single dick with the left mouse button e An all black visibility indicator shows that neither the label nor the member of the signal is displayed e A half black and half green visibility indicator indicates that the member of the signal but not the label is displayed e An all green visibility indicator indicates that both the label and the member of the signal are displayed Each Color indicator shows the color of a member Clicking on it with the left mouse ubtton allows you to change the member s color Displays all members of the signal shown in the Signal field No labels are displayed Displays all members with labels in the graph window The location of these labels can be rearranged for ease of viewing e To move a label press and hold the left mouse button on a label you wish to move and move the label e Release the mouse button to place the label CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec
39. graph as the in signal by moving the cursor to the Graph window and clicking the middle mouse button When using a two button mouse place the cursor in the graph region click the right mouse button to bring up the graph pop up then select Plot These waveforms show the input and the output of a simple transistor amplifier Zoom in tothe area between 2u and 4u by moving the cursor to the X axis 2u tick mark 10 Click and hold the left mouse button and drag it over to the 4u tick mark and release the button The same technique can be used to zoom on the Y axis 11 1f you like experiment with the Zoom icons JE St JS 12 When you have finished viewing the waveforms click the Clear icon EX CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Viewing Saber AC Analysis Waveforms Viewing Saber AC Analysis Waveforms The results of a Saber Simulator AC analysis also reside in the saber_amp directory You can view these results as follows 1 2 In the Signal Manager dialog box click on the Open Plotfiles button In the Open Plotfiles dialog box click on the single_amp ac ai_pl selection and click the Open button The single_amp ac ai_pl Plot File window is displayed Inthesingle_amp ac ai_pl Plot File window select signal aout and plot it In this tutorial you do not need the Phase deg f Hz waveform To delete it from the Graph window do the following a Movethe mou
40. in the Zoom From To field The entire possible viewing range is displayed beneath the Slider bar Allows you to increase magnification to show increased detail E Allows you to display the maximum number of data points to show the entire range of a signal a Allows you to decrease magnification to show less detail but more of the graphed information P Displays the current field of view for the selected axis and allows you to enter values for the range you want to display To change the field of view type in the values in the From To fields and Single click on the Apply button 0 0 to 300n CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Slider Bar Unit Scale Factor Scale Field Increment Field Grid Exponent Graph Pulldown Menu Options Allows you to pan along the selected axis e Press and hold the left mouse button and move the slider bar right or left The range available to be displayed is shown below the slider bar The range displayed is dynamically shown in the From To field e Release the mouse button when the coordinates you want are displayed in the From To field Allows you to set the unit prefix for axis labels For example selecting m will cause all labels to bein mili scale The default is auto and it means not specified Toggles the selected axis scale The Linear button displays the selected axis scale in linear increment
41. is a simple method for separating the major causes the vital few of a problem from the minor ones trivial many Measurement Category Statistics Type of Measured Waveform Multi member Dialog Box Fields Parameter The plot file where the parameter values were saved from Plot File the multi member analysis Using the downward pointing arrow allows you to use the Open Parameter File dialog box Parameter Select All Statistical Parameters type in individual Names parameters or pick parameters with the Browse in Plot File option Using the downward pointing arrow displays the options for this field R 2 and Creates a new graph that contains two histograms one Sensitivity labeled R 2 the correlation coefficient and the other Histograms labeled Sensitivity Scatter Plots Generates a scatter plot for all of the important parameters showing the measured values versus the parameter values Save to File Allows all of the Pareto results to be saved to a text file By default the file name iSpareto txt Using the downward pointing arrow allows you to save the file in a specific directory with a specific name CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 93 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Pareto Minimum Specify the minimum values for R 2 the correlation R 2 to coefficient The default value is 0 1 The histograms and Display scatter plots will only show those parameters that have both a sensitivity va
42. measurement has the ability to be applied to the entire waveform or exclusively to the visible X and Y range of the output signal CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 49 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc EyeDiagram The following figure shows the aout waveform that has been traced from the single_amp tr ai_pl plotfile This example can be found in the saber_amp examples directory Az Grapho o xi Grapho t s aout 6 05 2 0 I 0 0 2u 4u fu Du 10u t s The M easurement form shown above indicates that the eye diagram has been setup on the aout waveform The following figure shows the output of the signal in the aout waveform after the eye diagram measurement has occurred Graph al Ol xi Graphi V t s eye aout 6 05 7 50 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Eye Diagram The figure below shows the signal gain after applying delta X and Y measurements to a portion of the output signal Az Graphi JO x Graphi t s eye aout Example option 2 The Eye Diagram Measurement dialog box can be accessed by choosing the Tools gt Measurement gt Time Domain gt Eye Diagram menu item and selecting the Ideal Trigger radio button Field names in the Eye Diagram Measurement dialog e Time Base Indicates the time period elected for the signal e Start X value Indicates the start time optional e End X value
43. menu operates only in the Trace graph region CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 6 9 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc 6 10 Chapter 6 Graph Window Operation Analog Graph Region The Analog graph region is the primary area where analog signals are displayed Digital signals can also be placed in the Analog graph region The vertical scale is the Y axis of the graph The label for the vertical scale is displayed directly adjacent to the scale and alsoin the legend displayed next tothe graph The horizontal scale is the X axis of the graph The label for the horizontal scale is displayed directly adjacent to the scale and also in the legend displayed next to the graph The legend contains the labels for the vertical scale and the horizontal scale in that order The Trace popup menu does not operate in the Analog graph region rj Cosmos Scope fae pt Graphs Te Abaco o A Mea ad 10e AAA AAA Legend ey A Signal d A SCH A Vertical x mR IN INT N W Name cale Horizontal Scale Name CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Smith Chart Smith Chart Smith Chart displays appears as shown below ele aci ANA AAA GS CORRE 4 RSR CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 6 11 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 6 Graph Window Operation Polar Chart Below you see a Polar Chart dialogue 6 12 CosmosS cope Reference
44. ndicate the maximum or minimum y value for the H exagon Rectangle M ask to be located at Export Export the masks on the current signal to a text file mask Import Import a mask file and apply the masks in the file to the current signal The following figure is the Diamond Eye Mask with accuracy of x and y range 5 as set in the previous figure e Graphs aio xi mit eye aout dia_MASK CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 53 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Eye Mask 7 54 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Falltime Falltime Description Displays the fal lti me between selected upper lower levels of a waveform You can also compute the fal ltime based on manually set upper lower levels as described in the topic titled Manually Set a Custom Topline Baseline Measurement Category Time Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog Possible Errors An error is reported if the waveform contains no falling edges Dialog Box Fields Reference The following fields set the topline and baseline levels for the Levels measured signal You can display either of these levels on the waveform by clicking on the Visibility Indicator at the right of each field Topline Specify a topline value or use the default value Baseline Specify a baseline value below the topline value or use the default value 0 100 Click on one of these buttons to s
45. of the currently displayed graph This command operates only on the X axis CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Graph Pulldown Menu Options e Pan Up allows you to view parts of the data that are not visible above the currently displayed graph This command operates only on the Y axis Pan Down allows you to view parts of the data that are not visible below the currently displayed graph This command operates only on the Y axis Scale The following options are available by selecting Graph gt Selected Axes gt Scale e Linear sets the selected axis to a Linear scale e Log sets the selected axis to a Logarithmic scale Grids e Show turns the axis grid in the graph regions on e Hide turns the axis grid in the graph regions off Sliders You have the option of using a slider bar to pan along the X axis of a graph e Show turns the slider bar on e Hide turns the slider bar off CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 27 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference Lock Menu ltem Accept new signals allows signals to be added to the axis if the signals share the same units For example a signal with an amplitude in microvolts will share the same scaling as a signal with an amplitude in volts in the same graph region KA us op1 out os Fy b 0 5 r 0 0 50n 100n 150n 200n 250n 300n t s 4 28 CosmosS cope Reference Ma
46. placed anywhere in the digital graph Analog Paste Buttons Select where new signals will be placed in the graph window if they are not pasted into an existing graph region e New signals can be placed in a separate new graph region by selecting New Region e New signals can be placed in the trace graph region by selecting Trace Region e New signals can be placed in the graph at the bottom of the first graph region window by selecting Bottom Region 4 8 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Edit Pulldown Menu Options Axes Zoom When you use the axes zoom feature using the cursor you can use this preference to either e Have the zoom display exactly where you positioned the cursor zoom area Exact button e Have the zoom snap to the nearest tick marks from the cursor defined position Nice Ticks button The grid increment definition determines where the zoom will snap as defined in the Axis Attributes dialog box the Grid Increment field Pre Zoom X axis start and Allows you to set the zoom area of the X axis end prior to viewing a waveform The default start point of the zoom is set to start which specifies the start time of the simulation The default end point of the zoom is end which specifies the last point of the simulation You can specify relative positions to the start and end point For example assume you have a waveform covering a simulation time of Ou to 100u You
47. the information on the Signal Manager tool to begin your analysis Tutorials The following topics provide tutorials on how to use CosmosScope to view different waveforms e Tutorial Viewing Saber Simulator Results e Tutorial Viewing HSPICE Results CosmosScope also reads AWD FSDB Version 2 3 EPIC VERILOG VCD TouchStone Star SimXT and Polaris plot files While these output formats are not covered in these tutorials the process of opening these files and using CosmosScope with them is similar to the process shown in these tutorials CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 1 3 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 1 Introduction 1 4 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter Z Tutorial Viewing Saber Simulator Results In this tutorial you will use CosmosScope to view analysis results from the simulation of a single stage amplifier design This tutorial is divided into the following topics e Setting up the Saber Simulator Data e Viewing Saber Transient Analysis Waveforms e Viewing Saber AC Analysis Waveforms e Performing Measurements on a Waveform Setting up the Saber Simulator Data Saber Simulator analysis results for a simple transistor amplifier have been provided for use with this tutorial Create a directory and make a copy of the example as follows 1 Createa directory called synopsys_tutorial 2 Navigate to the new synopsys_tutorial dir
48. the value 0 0 is returned Example topline Measurement Level dB v Measurement tool displays Real Value T T T T T f Hz Risetime Description Displays the risetime between default or selected upper and lower levels of a waveform You can also compute the risetime based on manually set upper lower levels as described in the topic titled Manually Set a Custom Topline Baseline Measurement Category Time Domain CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 115 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Risetime Type of Measured Waveform Analog Possible Errors An error is reported if the waveform contains no rising edges Dialog Box Fields Reference The following two fields set the topline and baseline levels Levels for the measured signal and the corresponding reference signal You can display any of these levels on the waveform by clicking on the corresponding Visibility Indicator to the right of each field Topline Specify a topline value or use the default value Baseline Specify a baseline value below the topline value or use the default value 0 100 Click on one of these buttons to set an upper and lower 10 90 range in percent relative to the topline baseline levels To 20 80 compute a risetime based on a different percentage level than the defaults refer to the topic titled Manually Set a Custom Topline Baseline Create New Risetime vs t Waveform on Creates a new w
49. to measure RMS Calculation In this calculation w represents the waveform and x1 and x2 represent the starting and ending points 4 x2 1 2 wa x2 X1 yy Example Measurement shown 7 as non moveable RMS 70 705 line with moveable text Settle Time Description Displays the settle time of a waveform with respect to a default or specified settle level and a specified settle band Measurement Category Time Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog 7 118 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Seattle Time CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 119 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Slew Rate Dialog Box Fields Settle Level You set a settle level or let the Measure tool calculate a default Settle Band You choose the size of the settle band on either side of the settle level The default is 5 percent of the amplitude Other choices are as follows Amplitude of amplitude of the waveform Settle Level of the settled level of the waveform Peak to Peak of the peak to peak value of the waveform Absolute an absolute value such as 0 3 Example Measurement made using default Settle Level and 5 of Amplitude for Settle Band Use Measure Results Form to view these levels Slew Rate Description Click on Visibility Indicator corresponding to the Settle Level to display this l
50. waveforms show the input and the output of a simple transistor amplifier Zoom in tothe area between 2u and 4u by moving the cursor to the X axis 2u tick mark 10 Click and hold the left mouse button and drag it over to the 4u tick mark and release the button The same technique can be used to zoom on the Y axis 11 1f you like experiment with the Zoom icons El 51 JS 12 When you have finished viewing the waveforms click the Clear icon EX 3 2 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Viewing AC Analysis Waveforms Viewing AC Analysis Waveforms The results of a simulator AC analysis also reside in the hspice_amp directory You can view these results as follows 1 2 In the Signal Manager dialog box click on the Open Plotfiles button In the Open Plotfiles dialog box in the Files of type field select the HSPICE tr ac sw ft item Click onthea aco selection and click the Open button The a Plot File window is displayed In the Plot File window select signal v aout and plot it In this tutorial you do not need the Phase deg Frequency Hertz waveform To delete it from the Graph window do the following a Movethe mouse cursor tothe v aout signal name associated with the Phase plot The v aout signal name and the waveform change color b Press and hold the right mouse button to bring up the Signal Menu c Select the Dele
51. window appears requesting low and high threshold values E Burst Bus Expand a bus into discrete digital signals At X Measurement Perform At X measurement on selected signals For details refer to the Measuremen Tool documentation At Y Measurement Perform Threshold At Y measurement on selected signals For details refer tothe Measurement Tool documentation Point to Point Measurement Perform Point to Point Measurement on selected signals 9 4 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Tool Bar cons Tool Bar Icons The following table lists Tool Bar icons and describes where to find information on their functions Tool Icon Function Signal Manager Opens the Signal Manager This tool allows you al to browse plot files and display them as graphs Measurement Tool Opens the Measurement Tool This tool performs Be measurement operations that are used to a display one or more performance measures for a waveform For details refer to the Measurement Tool documentation Macro Recorder Opens the Macro Recorder Tool This tool a records a series of actions allows you to edit these actions and plays them back as a script AimDraw Tool Opens the AimDraw Tool This tool allows you to create symbols in Sketch as well as general graphic objects and text in Saber windows Calculator Opens the Calculator This tool allows you to perform math
52. 1 button and double click on the desired signal in the Signal List Select the Signal2 signal which may be from a different Graph in a similar manner Then specify the desired Compare Options Click on the Apply button to generate the result This feature applies to digital signals only Graph gt Signal Search Menu Option To locate the Graph and Signal numbers in which a specified signal appears enter the name of the signal in the Signal Search dialog box and click on the Search button Graph gt Selected Axes Menu Option Operates on one or more axes that you have selected Selected Axis items that are available to alter or show hide are Range Scale Grids Sliders and Lock Toselect an axis placethe mouse cursor over the axis grid the axis name next tothe axis grid or the axis name in the legend and single click with the left mouse button Range 4 26 The following options are available by selecting Graph gt Selected Axes gt Range e Zoom to Fit displays the maximum number of data points to show the entire range of a signal e Zoom In increases magnification to show increased detail e Zoom Out decreases magnification to show less detail but more of the graphed information e Pan Right allows you to view parts of the data that are not visible to the right of the currently displayed graph This command operates only on the X axis Pan Left allows you to view parts of the data that are not visible to the left
53. 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Graph Pulldown Menu Options Hide All Button Removes all members in the graph window from view Individual members can be displayed by using the visibility indicators or all members can be displayed by using the Show All Members button Loop Highlight Button Sequentially highlights each member of a signal This button functions even if all members have been hidden e To start or stop the loop single click on the Loop Highlight button Single Colored Button Sets the color mode of the multi member wavefrom to single colored All the members will have the same color Rainbow Colored button Sets the color mode of the multi member wavefrom to rainbow colored The members may have different colors Highlight Rate Slider Regulates the rate of the Loop Highlight When the slider is set all the way to Slow there is a 5 second delay between the highlight of members The resolution for control of the delay is in 50 millisecond increments Label Orientation Stack member labels from top to bottom or from left Buttons to right Close Button Closes the Member Attributes dialog box Graph gt Measure Results Menu Option CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 23 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference The Measure Results dialog box allows you to select a signal delete measurements hide measurement results or show all measurement results
54. 4 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Basdine Bandwidth Histogram Creates a histogram with a count Y axis of bandwidth value X axis occurrences fLow Histogram Creates a histogram with a count Y axis of fLow value X axis occurrences fCenter Histogram Creates a histogram with a count Y axis of fCenter value X axis occurrences fHigh Histogram Creates a histogram with a count Y axis of fHigh value X axis occurrences Baseline Description Displays the baseline level of a waveform as determined by the Measure Preferences Default Topline Baseline setting Measurement Category Levels Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog Dialog Box Fields Category List All Levels category items appear below the Signal field Select the Baseline item and any other items you want to measure Baseline Calculation The baseline calculation method is determined by the Default Topline Baseline field in the Measurement Preference dialog box which you can set before performing a measurement If you do not set it the default method is used CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 33 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Cpk Cpk Description Displays an indicator of the process capability for a waveform relative to specified upper and lower limits Measurement Category Statistics Type of Measured Waveform Scatter plot Dialog Box Fields Category List All Statistic cat
55. 4305 Baseline 3 2904 0 100 10 90 20 80 Create New Waveform on Active Graph yl 1 Falltime vs t Apply Measurement to 4 Entire Waveform w Visible X and Y range only Apply Close Defaults Baseline and Topline levels appear in the Graph window 2 Move the cursor to Topline and left click and hold to select it 3 Move the Topline to the desired value Repeat for the Baseline When using this procedure to change the Topline Baseline levels leave the Measurement Reference Level set to the 0 100 setting so that the measurement is based on the values of Topline and Baseline that you just set Default Calculation If you use the default setting of Automatic in the Measure Preferences dialog box the baseline and topline levels are calculated by using a probability density histogram method The waveform is sampled at a number of equally CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 21 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 7 Measurement Tool Spaced points along the X axis The Y axis is then equally divided into a number of bins and the number of sampled points that fall into each bin is determined The Y axis bin that contains the most points above the midpoint is used as the topline level The Y axis bin that contains the most points below the midpoint is used as the baseline level This procedure is shown graphically in the following figure with the probability density hist
56. 5 3 Searching Multiple Plotfiles for Signals ococcconccooccccccnnnnaaaannnncnnnanano nono 5 5 Signal Manager Dialog Box Re 5 6 Signal Manager MENUS coo icoccnoconadasasonnoncosonronnic rada raros ladera canada 5 7 Signal Manager File Menu Items 5 7 Signal Manager Plotfile Menu 5 7 Signal Manager Signals Menu Items 5 8 Signal Manager Signal Filter Field 5 10 Signal Manager Buttons rer 5 11 Signal Manager Setup Button Dialog BOX 5 11 Signal Manager Plotfile Window 5 13 Plottil s Dialog Box Menta caian a 5 14 Plotfiles Dialog Box Fiel sirios data ds 5 15 Plotfiles Dialog Box Use Notes 5 16 Chapter 6 Graph Window Operation Rss 6 1 Displ yinga FAP i 6 2 Saving a Graph or Outline nn 6 2 Opening a Saved Graph or Outline ss 6 3 Redraw Status WindOWiscitala ri 6 4 ER WEE 6 5 ie 010810 9 0 MN ST A 6 5 ZOOMING DUE a 6 5 LOMO ge EE 6 6 Lu A TA AT PRE ee RE N 6 7 Saol BS ataca 6 8 A EE 6 8 Trace Graph Region saeco cence cs od ts ete i ieee eae 6 9 Analog Graph Ne e AE 6 10 Smith Ghar ars ia 6 11 ie El CA ey cove sc ehh dis 6 12 Chapter 7 Measurement TOO cccccccceeccscssscssssiesssessceccssaevennessaereseeetensscnieres 7 1 8 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Table Of Contents Accessing the Measurement Tool 7 2 List of Measurement Operations ss 7 2 How to Use the Measurement To 7 6 Measurement Dialog BOX minier Malthe atin heen 7 6 Select
57. 900meg Pr rload 0 0 20 0 dBm W att 40 0 60 0 60 0 50 0 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 0 00 10 0 pin dB miw dBm Watt f Hz dB m Watt Tintin E e a wn ww wv eS 0 0 2g 4g 6g Sy 10g Hi CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 101 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Peak to Peak Peak to Peak Description Displays the waveform s peak to peak value Measurement Category Levels Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog scatter plot Dialog Box Fields Category List All Levels category items appear below the Signal field Select the Peak to Peak item and any other items you want to measure Peak to Peak Calculation The peak to peak value is calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the waveform Example Measurement tool PK2PK 5 3744 displays peak to peak 7 102 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Period Period Description Displays the period of a periodic waveform relative to a default or specified topline and baseline levels Measurement Category Time Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog digital Possible Errors An error is reported if the waveform does not contain at least one complete cycle Dialog Box Fields Reference The following two fields set the topline and baseline levels Levels for the m
58. All Hide All Values 3 Bandwidth gt topiime 3 7 1737 QA bandwidth 1 5309mey S flow 77645 0 S fCenter 353410 0 fHigh 1 6066meg e Q 0 23085 Select All Clear Save Visibility Indicators Click these buttons to display levels on graph Click them again to hide the values d Noticein the Measure Results dialog box in the right column the different values that are available from executing the bandwidth measurement Click on the various visibility indicators to choose which values are displayed in the Graph window When you have finished exploring the Measure Results dialog box close it 6 When you have finished trying out the features of CosmosScope close the application by selecting the File gt Exit menu item 3 6 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Performing Measurenents on an HSPICE Waveform This concludes the tutorial CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 3 7 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 3 Tutorial Viewing HSPICE Results 3 8 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosScope Menus Reference This chapter provides reference information on each of the selections available from the CosmosScope pulldown and popup menus e File Pulldown Menu Options e Edit Pulldown Menu Options e Undo e Cut Copy Paste Delete e Gr
59. Analysis Option or the nSpecs Statistical Analysis Option in order to plot optional multi member waveforms For example if you are measuring the risetime of a multi member waveform from a Monte Carlo analysis you have the choice of measuring the risetime versus the run the risetime plotted as a histogram or both 7 12 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Multi Member Waveform M easurements If you are measuring the risetime of a multi member waveform from a Vary analysis you have the choice of measuring the risetime versus the Vary parameter the risetime plotted as a histogram or both There can be other possible multi member options provided in the Measurement dialog box depending on what type of measurement you are performing Each of these options is described for each measurement operation CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 13 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 7 Measurement Tool Multi member waveform measurements is further described in the following topics e Example of Creating a New Multi M ember Waveform e Example of Creating a Multi Member Histogram e Multi M ember Count e Multi M ember Count Example Example of Creating a New Multi Member Waveform This scatter plot is generated by performing the At X measurement on a Monte Carlo generated multi member waveform that contains 100 members In the Measurement dialog box you should dick on the At X
60. Attributes Menu Bile Signal Filter detim TTPOWRD power i I cc I vee vin power cc Signal List power vee power vyin v 0 vU 1 uri The Plotfile window displays the name of the plotfile and a scrollable list of signals that can be displayed in a graph window The Plotfile window is further described in the following topics e Plotfiles Dialog Box Menus e Plotfiles Dialog Box Fields e Plotfile Dialog Box Buttons e Plotfiles Dialog Box Use Notes CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 5 13 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 5 Signal Manager Plotfiles Dialog Box Menus The Plotfile dialog box File menu tems are summarized as follows Reload Plotfile Reloads selected plotfiles Close Plotfile Closes the plotfile window and removes the file from the Signal Manager Plotfiles list Close Window Closes the plotfile window The plotfiles remain listed The Plotfile dialog box Signal menu items are summarized below Match options As in the main Signal Manager window you may select the signal pattern matching language exact glob or regular expressions Path options Select either Full or Path Component for the pattern matching target Deselect Selected Signals Removes the highlight from highlighted signals in displayed plot file windows Plot Selected Signals Plots signals that are highlighted in open plot file windows into the active graph win
61. CosmosScope Reference Manual Version W 2004 12 December 2004 SYNOPSYS Copyright Notice and Proprietary Information Copyright O 2004 Synopsys Inc All rights reserved This software and documentation contain confidential and proprietary information that is the property of Synopsys Inc The software and documentation are furnished under a license agreement and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the license agreement No part of the software and documentation may be reproduced transmitted or translated in any form or by any means electronic mechanical manual optical or otherwise without prior written permission of Synopsys Inc or as expressly provided by the license agreement Right to Copy Documentation The license agreement with Synopsys permits licensee to make copies of the documentation for its internal use only Each copy shall include all copyrights trademarks service marks and proprietary rights notices if any Licensee must assign sequential numbers to all copies These copies shall contain the following legend on the cover page This document is duplicated with the permission of Synopsys Inc for the exclusive use of and its employees This is copy number Destination Control Statement All technical data contained in this publication is subject to the export control laws of the United States of America Disclosure to nationals of other countries contrary to United States law is p
62. EAL Get name and units for x and y data strcpy xname strcpy yname xunits strcpy strcpy yunits wf WfX_Create interp stype xname xunit WF_LINEAR yname yunit 1 xval type WFX_DOUBLE yval type WFX_DOUBLE for i 0 i lt numpts i Get data for xval and yval and assign xval u doubleValue yval u doubleValue WfX_AddValue interp wf amp xval amp yval Interfaces to the routines provided to create and add points to simple non parameterized waveforms are shown below WfX_Create The routine W xX_Create creates and initializes a waveform with the specified arguments The waveform is not complete however until the CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 A 7 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Appendix A External Waveform Database API CreateWaveformProc returns Thewf_rec structure is passed to the other waveform creation routines as the waveform is constructed EXTERN Wf_rec WfX_Create Initiates the creation of a waveform Tcl_Interp interp address of interpreter wf_type stype waveform type ex WF_ANALOG_REAL char x_name x axis name example t char x_units x axis units example s wf_data_scale xtag x axis scaling WF_LINEAR WF_LOG char y_name y axis name example output char y_units y axis units example V int wi
63. EEN H a Delay Level 50 Click on Visibility dir ee re ee levels on the waveform 0 0 Ref Delay Level 50 1 0 0 02 0 025 t s 0 030 Trigger Trigger L or Ref Trigger either or same Ref Trigger either or same Delta X Description Displays the X value difference between two Y axis points on one or two waveforms If two waveforms are selected the two waveforms do not need to be the same type but they must bein the same graph region Measurement Category General Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog scatter plot 7 42 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Delta X Dialog Box Fields Anchor Signal Generates moveable anchor points that snap to the Snap signal waveform See the Example Closest Measurement When you have multiple anchor points visible on a graph from previous measurements this setting causes the measurement to snap to one of those nearest points If there is no visible measurement on the active graph from which to snap an error message is displayed Refer to the Point Marker Example Floating Generates moveable anchor points that can be positioned anywhere within the graph Refer to the Delta Y Example Location You can optionally specify two Y values that are used to Optional determine the X value difference See the Example Y1 Value Optional v
64. Manual Dec 2004 7 111 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Pulse Width Pulse Width Calculation To be considered for a pulse width measurement a pulse must rise above the upper level and fall below the lower level as shown in Example 1 The pulse width is measured at the middle level of the waveform For more information about reference levels of a waveform refer to Waveform Reference Levels The pulse width is calculated as the difference in time between the middle level of a rising edge and the middle level of the next falling edge on the waveform Example 1 Measured Waveform with Single pulse width value Topline 3 7566 upper middle lower Not a pulse since Measurement tool displays it doesn t rise above these results the upper level Example 2 s t s 8 Pulse out V s T t s T T T t s Measured waveform with Measurement tool produces this waveform multiple pulse width values showing pulse width as a function of time 7 112 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Quality Factor Quality Factor Description Displays the quality factor of a point on a waveform Measurement Category s Domain Type of Measured Waveform Pole zero data complex set Dialog Box Fields X Value Optional You can provide an x value and the tool will provide the y value at that coordinate If you do not specify the x value a
65. Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter Measurement Tool The Measurement Tool allows you to perform a variety of measurement operations on displayed waveforms in the CosmosScope Waveform Analyzer The results of the measurements are displayed in the graph along with the waveform If the InSpecs Analysis option is installed you can use the Measurement Tool with multi member waveforms The Measurement Tool is similar to the functions available with the Saber Simulator through its command line interface or via Saber Guide s Analysis gt Batch menu option although some measurements may differ slightly The Measurement Tool description is divided into the following topics e Accessing the Measurement Tool e List of Measurement Operations e Other Measurement Options e How to Use the Measurement Tool e Managing Measurement Results e Multi Member Waveform Measurements e Setting Measurement Preferences e Topline Baseline Calculation e Waveform Reference Levels CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 1 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 7 Measurement Tool Accessing the Measurement Tool The Measurement Tool icon is located in the Tool bar at the bottom of the work surface Ch Se To open or close the Measurement Tool single dick on the icon with the left mouse button List of Measurement Operations 7 2 The following list identifies the measurements that are avail
66. Move anchor point along waveform to display other crossing points V Measurement tool Crossing al o e 2 Es a displays x y 0 0 coordinates at crossing point 1 0 0 06 0 065 0 07 0 075 0 08 t s Example 2 V t s Y_Cross out ref V ww Measurement tool produces this waveform of all Y axis values found at the crossing points t s Multi Member Waveform Options Create New Waveform X at Crossing vs _run or vary_parameter on Active Graph or New Graph A new waveform is computed with X axis values Y axis versus each run X axis or vary parameter X axis Y at Crossing vs _run or vary parameter A new waveform is computed with Y axis values Y axis versus each run X axis or vary parameter X axis X at Crossing Histogram A histogram is computed with X axis values Y axis versus each run X axis Y at Crossing Histogram A histogram is computed with Y axis values Y axis versus each run X axis CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 37 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Da mping Ratio Damping Ratio 7 38 Description Displays the damping ratio of a point on a waveform Measurement Category s Domain Type of Measured Waveform Pole zero data analog must be complex Dialog Box Fields X Value Optional You can provide an X value and the tool will provide the Y value at that coordinate If you do not specify the X
67. R Circle Selects the input VSWR circle VSWRIn Defines a value for VSWRIn The RF Tool will find the associated waveforms from the selected plot file by default To change the default signal pull down the list box and select one from the Signal List dialog box 8 8 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Parameter Conversion Parameter Conversion Since only S parameters are meaningful on Smith Polar Charts and typically plot information is only described in terms of Y or Z parameters the RF Tool allows for the conversion of parameters Conversion Procedure In order to convert parameters 1 Select Parameter Conversion in the RF Tool Item field of the RF Tool 2 Select the plot file from the Plotfile pulldown 3 Enter the number of ports in the Number of Ports field with a minimum of one port 4 Choose a conversion type from the menu which indudes S to Y S toZ Y toS Y toZ ZtoS and ZtoY 5 Set the signals for conversion 6 Enter the system impedance Z0 value in the System Impedance field TheRF Tool dialog box will look something like this RF Tool Help RF Tool Item Parameter Conversion Plotfile 1 ex_audio ac ul Number of ports A Conversion type EAN FS Y 1 1 Y ParY 1 1 al Y 1 2 Y ParfY 1 2 S 2 1 Par 2 1 ad A e System Impedance 20 CN Convert Close
68. Select the Bandwidth measurement in the Measurement dialog box as follows a Move the mouse cursor tothe right of the Measurement field and press and hold the left mouse button on the down arrow button b Movethe mouse cursor down tothe Frequency Domain menu c Select Bandwidth To summarize choose the Measurement gt Frequency Domain gt Bandwidth menu item 2 4 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Performing M easurements on a Waveform d Becausethereis only one signal in the Graph window aout should appear in the Signal field in the Measurement dialog box as shown in the following figure Measurement Edit Help Measurement Bandwidth ai Measurement Bandwidth Active Graph Grapho Al Signal aout Amplitude gl Signal aout Reference Levels Topline default Li Click these buttons to offset f WY e Cisk them again to hide the values Apply Measurement to Entire Waveform y Visible X and Y range only Apply _ Qose _ Defaults e If you want to see values displayed on the graph for Topline and Offset that are used in the bandwidth calculation click the visibility indicator buttons tothe right of the Reference Levels fields they will turn green to indicate they re activated f Click the Apply button The bandwidth is displayed on the graph 4 Select the Gain Margin measurement by doing the following
69. When a vcd file dmp is opened a temporary file vwdb will be generated by Cosmos for reading the data from damp The temporary file cannot be read by CosmosScope directly Polaris Plot Files Graph Save Files Outline Save Files Text files Excel files TouchStone files SaberH DL output files NanoSim F SDB Version 2 3 EPIC and VERILOG formats HSPICE lin simulation output files HSPICE RF simulation output files 9 9 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 9 CosmosS cope Quick Reference 9 10 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Appendix A External Waveform Database API The External Waveform Database API provides a way to create a dynamically loadable database access package d11 for reading non Saber data formats into CosmosScope It contains the following To use the External Waveform Database API you will also need a WF_API An include file containing structures and interface routines to Al M used to create a database access package to access non Saber databases AIM is a scripting language based on Tcl Tk Examples and guidelines for creating member routines assigned to the format structure defined in the include file A complete example of a database reader Instructions for compiling and linking a database access package Instructions for loading the database access package on invocation of CosmosScope and for setting preference
70. able through the Measurement Tool AC Coupled Levels Displays the RMS value of the AC RMS component of a waveform Amplitude Displays the amplitude of a waveform At X General Displays the Y axis value at a particular X axis point on a waveform Displays the average value of a waveform Bandpwidth Frequency Displays the bandwidth the low high or Domain center frequency or the level at which the measurement is made for a bandpass shaped waveform Displays the baseline level of a waveform Cpk Statistics Displays an indicator of the process capability for a waveform Crossing General Displays the crossing intersection points of two waveforms Damping Ratio s Domain Displays the damping ratio of a point on a waveform CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc List of Measurement Operations Measurement Category Description dB Frequency Displays the dB value on a point on a Domain waveform Delay Time Domain Displays the delay between the edges of two waveforms Delta X General Displays the X value difference between two Y axis points on one or two waveforms Delta Y General Displays the Y value difference between two X axis points on one or two waveforms Dpu Statistics Displays the number of defects per unit of a scatter plot waveform Duty Cycle Time Domain Displays the duty cycle of a periodic waveform Eye Diagram Time Domain Di
71. alculator use the File gt Save gt Plotfile txt menu specify the path and file name CosmosScope will save your selected waveforms to an ASCII file with the extension txt Note the following conditions or requirements e For multiple analog signal selections the waveforms must have the same x axis names e Digital signal s in selected waveforms are saved without an x axis specification CosmosScope will open this saved text file with a default x axis t s e TheASCI plotfile format does not support multi member waveforms Each waveform in an ASCII file must contain only one segment If a CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 B 1 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter B ASCII File Export and Import waveform from a different plotfile format contains more than one segment each segment will be written as a separate waveform when it is exported to an ASCII format The syntax for the AIM command alternative is CSV Write file wfHandlel wfHandle2 wfHandle3 where file specifies the path name of the ASCII file At least one waveform handle is required For example CSV Write path single_amp txt WF 1 1 WF 1 2 WF 1 3 where path specifies the location of the ASCII file single_amp txt Exporting Plotfiles To export a plotfileinto an ASCII file format within the Signal Manager window select the desired plotfile Choose the Signal Manager menu option File gt Save As then select file ty
72. alog Dialog Box Fields Category List All Statistic category items appear below the Signal field Select the Yield item and any other items you want to measure Specifications Limits Required values you supply Upper Specifies the upper specification limit Lower Specifies the lower specification limit 7 132 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Yield Calculation Yield The yield is calculated as the ratio of the number of data points between the y axis levels Upper and Lower relative to the total number of data points The yield results are typically only meaningful if the input waveform is uniformly spaced along the x axis for example the contents of a plot file generated by a measurement operation on the results of a Monte Carlo analysis Example Yield 0 63 520u s _run A A Rise out AA A amp A Upper 4900 A A A A A ao erin aS Des lt lt LE A e Si A A A You specify AYA aR A REARS A these levels AN A A A Ge AM An bc Lower 460 AB A TA 440u ee T T a T 1 0 0 25 0 50 0 75 0 100 0 _fun CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc 7 133 Yield 7 134 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter D RF Tool To perform special measurements and calculations when running RF analysis CosmosScope providestheRF Tool in which you
73. alue You can change it by moving the anchor point after the initial measurement is made Y2 Value Optional value You can change it by moving the anchor point after the initial measurement is made Lock An optional check box If this is checked the distance of Y1 Vertical Value and Y 2 Value will be fixed so the two anchors of the DeltaX measurement will move together Example J Example measure showing anchor points Y1 Level Go e that snap to Signal l l l l Slide anchor points 7 along waveform to display l other Delta X values 7 Sa ve seer es eg ds da mm et ae ii a ve Level e Delta X 0 01248 P CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 43 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Delta Y Delta Y Description Displays the Y value difference between two X axis points on one or two waveforms If two waveforms are selected the two waveforms do not need to be the same type but they must bein the same graph region Measurement Category General Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog scatter plot Dialog Box Fields Anchor Snap Signal Generates moveable anchor points that snap to the Location Optional X1 Value X2 Value 7 44 signal waveform To see an example of this type of snap refer tothe Delta X Example Closest Measurement When you have multiple anchor points visible on a graph from previous measurements this setting causes the mea
74. ameter value while the change from the Monte Carlo analysis is related to the distribution of the parameter and is typically much larger These are important distinctions for nonlinear circuits where two or more parameters may interact to influence the outputs being measured A Saber sensitivity analysis cannot account for these influences The Pareto sensitivity values are calculated by fitting a straight line to the measured output versus each of the parameters The normalized slope is the sensitivity value displayed in the histogram The values in the histogram can be interpreted in the same way as the Saber sensitivity numbers For example if the sensitivity is 0 7 for the parameter rnom r r1 than a 1 changein rnom r r1 will lead to a 0 7 change in the measured output 7 94 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Pareto The R 2 correlation coefficient histogram is used in conjunction with the sensitivity histogram which is why it is displayed on the same graph and isa measure of the goodness of fit of the line that is used to calculate the sensitivity for each parameter The R 2 values will always be between 0 and 1 A value of R 2 close to 1 for a particular parameter indicates that the fit of the line is good and that there is a strong linear relationship between the measured value and that parameter meaning that a change in that parameter will affect the measured value A value of
75. ameter values were saved from the Monte Carlo analysis In most cases it will be easier to use the browse button to the right of the entry field and select the parameter file directly from the file browser dialog box Optionally select which parameters are to be used by the Pareto analysis The default is to use all parameters from the parameter plot file that had a variation in the Monte Carlo analysis These are referred to as the statistical parameters If you want to choose a subset of these parameters you can type in the parameter names directly or you can use the browse button on the right side of the entry field In almost all cases using the default All Statistical Parameters is recommended Select the type of output from the measure There are 3 choices e R 2 and Sensitivity Histograms e Scatter Plots e Save to File CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc P1dB Measurement P1dB Measurement Description When the amplitude of the input signal is small enough it is almost the same as linear AC analysis but when the input signal becomes large circuit response is saturated and the output amplitude does not linearly increase The 1dB compression point can be calculated from HB SWEEP results Sweep the input amplitude and measure the output amplitude Measurement Category RF Type of Measured Waveform Analog Power type either PowerOut versus Powerln or PowerOUt versus Freq
76. and half the points are below the median value 7 86 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Minimum Example s _run A Rise out Median 473 25u Measurement tool displays a stationary horizontal line with moveable text Minimum Description Displays the minimum value of a waveform Measurement Category Levels Statistics Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog scatter plot histogram spectral Dialog Box Fields Category List This measurement appears in the Statistics or Levels category All Statistic or Levels category items appear below the Signal field depending on which category you selected Select the Minimum item and any other items you want to measure CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 87 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Natural Frequency Example 1 Levels Measurement V Measurement tool displays a stationary horizontal line with Minimum 0 9099 moveable text Example 2 Hz t s 7 Freq out Statistics Measurement Measurement tool displays a stationary horizontal line with moveable text Minimum 49 981 Earlier measurement produced this waveform showing frequency as a function of time Natural Frequency Description Displays the natural frequency of a point on a waveform Measurement Category s Domain Type of Measured Waveform Pole zero d
77. anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc example a valid value for a WF_REG or WF_REGINT waveform with a width of 8 is AA EXTERN int WfX_AddValue adds a data point to the wf_data waveform Tcl_Interp interp address for the interpreter wfrec wf_data handle for the waveform PfFormat_Value xval x value for the data point PfFormat_Value yval y value for the data point Wf_AddValues The routine Wf_AddValues adds a bunch of data points to the waveform at one time The x and y values of the data points are passed in by the void pointers xval and yval arguments Usually the xval is a double type pointer The yval is a double type pointer for real type waveforms or an Aim_Complex type pointer for complex type waveforms or a char type pointer for digital bus register type waveforms The number of points inserted is passed in by the argument valueCount The void pointers xval and yval need to be freed after used Calling Wf_AddValues routine would have much better performance than calling wf_AddValue EXTERN int Wf_AddValues adds a data point to the wf_data waveform Tcl_Interp interp address for the interpreter x wfrec wf_data handle for the waveform void xval x values for the data points void yval y values for the data points A int valueCount number of points co
78. aph Preferences e Scope Preferences e Graph Pulldown Menu Options e Tools Pulldown Menu Options e Window Pulldown Menu Options e Help Pulldown Menu Options e Popup Menus Additional menus are associated with the Signal Manager Tool these are covered in the Signal Manager Chapter of this manual File Pulldown Menu Options The File pulldown menu allows you to open existing files save your work to new files create new windows save configuration settings open the print dialog box and exit the application CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 1 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference File gt New This option opens a new graph window formatted as an X Y axis graph a Smith Chart graph or a Polar Chart graph File gt Open This option allows you to open an existing plot file graph or outline using the Open Files dialog box Select the Files of Type from the pulldown list and browse to the location of the file you want to open File gt Close This option closes the active graph window or the current design File gt Save The Save Graph dialog box allows you to specify a path and file name In addition a popup dialog box prompts you to save the graph file in one of the following ways e With a copy of the waveforms in the graph e With a reference to the plot file from which the waveforms in the graph were plotted In the first case all connection to the plo
79. ascade Places windows so that they are on top of each other diagonally from the upper left hand corner of the work surface to the lower right hand corner of the work surface Tile Places windows so they have no overlap Arrange Icons Neatly arranges multiple icons across the bottom of the work surface Help Pulldown Menu Options The Help pulldown menu provides access to the Online Documentation help files The About options display information about the current version of the software and provides the option to display the Copyright L egal information for the product CosmosScope Popup Menus 4 36 To open a popup menu e Highlight a signal axis legend marker graphic or measurement e Then press and hold the right mouse button To activate an item in the popup menu e Place the mouse cursor over the item and release the mouse button Popup menus available in the graph window Trace Popup Menu Graph Popup Menu Axis Popup Menu Signal Popup Menu Measure Popup Menu AimDraw Popup Menu CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc CosmosS cope Popup Menus Trace Popup Menu To open the Trace popup menu place the mouse cursor over the Marker field or a Trace marker then press and hold the right mouse button The Trace popup menu allows you to display the logic level of a specific Trace marker to center the associated axis on a specific Trace marker to display the absolute an
80. ata analog must be complex 7 88 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Nyquist Plot Frequency Dialog Box Fields X Value Optional You can provide an X value and the tool will provide the Y value at that coordinate If you do not specify the X value a default is used Natural Frequency Calculation The natural frequency of a waveform is calculated as the absolute value of an argument natural frequency J real imag Example dB v f Hz out GG poles x naturalFreq 145 79 zeros Im Hz O ES O Measurement tool displays Natural Frequency Nyquist Plot Frequency Description Displays the frequency at a point on a Nyquist or Nichols plot Measurement Category Frequency Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog must be complex CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 89 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Overshoot Dialog Box Fields X Value Optional You can provide an X value and the tool will provide the frequency at that coordinate If you do not specify the X value a default is used Example Im v Re v out Im v SI Measurement tool displays Frequency frequency 145 79 T TT Re v Overshoot Description Displays the overshoot of a waveform relative to a default or specified topline Measurement Category Time Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven a
81. ate radio button An Outline file contains all of the information displayed in the document window except for displayed signals Any additions made with the Draw tool or Measurement tool are included in an outline file To save a graph outline into a file select the Save Outline menu item from the File menu This activates the Save Outline dialog box CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Opening a Saved Graph or Outline The Save Outline dialog box allows you to specify a path and file name for the outline The extension o1 is automatically appended to the filename After you click on the Save button the Graph Outline pop up dialog box allows you to specify several attributes to be saved with the outline Click on the appropriate checkbutton to save an attribute Notice that you can select whether or not to maintain the connection to the plot file in the same way as for a graph outline You control this by checking or unchecking the Dependencies checkbutton on the Graph Outline dialog box Opening a Saved Graph or Outline To open a saved graph e Select the Open Graph menu tem from the File menu This activates the Open Graphs dialog box e Navigate to the directory where the graph file is located e Select the file and click on the Open button A new Graph window opens and the waveforms are displayed To open a saved outline e Select the Save Outline menu item from the Fi
82. aurus Taurus Device Taurus Layout Taurus Lithography Taurus Process Taurus Topography Taurus Visual Taurus Workbench TimeSlice TimeTracker Timing Annotator TopoPlace TopoRoute Trace On Demand True Hspice TSUPREM 4 TymeWare VCS Express VCSi Venus Verification Portal VFormal VHDL Compiler VHDL System Simulator VirSim and VMC are trademarks of Synopsys Inc Service Marks MAP in SVP Caf and TAP in are service marks of Synopsys Inc SystemC is a trademark of the Open SystemC Initiative and is used under license ARM and AMBA are registered trademarks of ARM Limited All other product or company names may be trademarks of their respective owners Printed in the U S A Document Order Number 00000 000 WA Family Name Product Name Manual Type version W 2004 12 Table Of Contents Chapter il IAtFOU CON uvas dara 1 1 Mayo dogo AAA An 1 2 Command Line Invocation and Options sssssssssssssssssrrrssserererrssseerrrrnssseee 1 2 Opening PlO Fea adas 1 3 MUCOA Sirna aara E E NEE EAEE EE A a 1 3 Chapter 2 Tutorial Viewing Saber Simulator Results s es 2 1 Setting up the Saber Simulator Data 2 1 Viewing Saber Transient Analysis Waveformmg 2 2 Viewing Saber AC Analysis Waveforms 2 3 Performing Measurements ON a Waveform 2 4 Chapter 3 Tutorial Viewing HSPICE Results 3 1 Setting up the Design Data ns 3 1 Viewing HSPICE Transient Analysis VWaveormme 3 2 Viewing AC Analysis Waveforms ss 3 3 Pe
83. aveform divided by the risetime or falltime of the edge You select the upper and lower levels as a percent of topline baseline For more information about the upper and lower reference level of a waveform refer to Waveform Reference Levels For more information on how risetime is calculated refer to the Risetime Calculation For more information on how falltime is calculated refer to the Falltime Calculation CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 121 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Slope Example 1 Measured waveform with single slew rate value Topline 3 7566 90 O You select the reference levels Measurement tool eee ee displays slew rate Example 2 V s t s 7 Slew out V s t s t s Measured waveform with Measurement tool produces this waveform multiple slew rate values showing slew rate as a function of time Slope Description Displays the slope optionally as a per octave or per decade value of a waveform Measurement Category Frequency Domain General 7 122 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Standard Deviation Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog Dialog Box Fields X Value Optional You can provide an x value and the tool will provide the slope at that coordinate If you do not specify the x value a default is used Option None This field is Disp
84. aveform in the Active Graph or in a New Waveform on Graph to display the results Active Graph or New Graph Local Extreme or Maximum or Minimum vs run or 7 78 Vary Parameter A scatter plot or analog waveform is displayed which shows all the points found Y axis against either the Monte Carlo run X axis or the Vary parameter value X axis X at Local Extreme or Maximum or Minimum vs _ run or Vary Parameter A scatter plot or analog waveform is displayed which shows all the points found Y axis against either the Monte Carlo run X axis or the Vary parameter value X axis Local Extreme or Maximum or Minimum Histogram A histogram is plotted which shows how many points were found count Y axis at each Y value X axis X at Local Extreme or Maximum or Minimum Histogram A histogram is plotted which shows how many points were found count Y axis at each X value X axis CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Lowpass Lowpass Description Displays the corner frequency of a waveform with a lowpass shape The measurement is made relative to a default or specified topline and a specified offset Measurement Category Frequency Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog Dialog Box Fields Reference If you want to see the topline and or offset level displayed on Levels the waveform click on the Visibility Indicator to the right the Topline or Offset
85. aveform with risetime y axis versus time Active Graph x axis See Example 2 or New Graph Risetime Calculation The risetime is calculated by finding a crossing with the middlelevel of the waveform Looking forward from this point the time when the waveform rises to the upper level is found Looking backward the time when the waveform falls to the lower level is found The difference in the times is the risetime For more information about the lower middle and upper reference level of a waveform refer to Waveform Reference Levels 7 116 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc RMS Example 1 Measured waveform V t s with single risetime value middle Measurement tool 117 Baseline 0 011494 Cepiayertisellme t s Example 2 s t s 8 8 7 Rise out V s 7 T t s T T T t s Measured waveform with Measurement tool produces this waveform multiple risetime values showing risetime as a function of time RMS Description Displays the RMS value of a waveform Measurement Category Levels Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog scatter plot histogram CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 117 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Settle Time Dialog Box Fields Category List All Levels category items appear below the Signal field Select the RMS item and any other items you want
86. box allows you to select any signal displayed in the graph window change the color of the signal change the style of the line add a symbol tothe signal change the symbol width fill the area under the signal manipulate the stack region change the point of view of the signal and change the signal label Signal Field Allows you to select a signal displayed in the graph window to view or modify ts attributes To display all available signals in the graph window single click the left mouse button on the downward pointing arrow at the right of the Signal field Color Field Allows you to change the color of the selected signal e To change colors single click on any one of the color buttons Color B o o Style Field Allows you to change the appearance of the signal line Several line styles are displayed Selecting None causes the signal line to disappear If the signal is also represented by symbols the symbols will still be displayed Style ee sos mom EEE Hone Line Width Allows you to change the line width of the signal line CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 13 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference Symbol Field Symbol Size Field Bar Field Monotonic Plot Field 4 14 For analog signals the Symbol field allows you to add symbols to display the signal line Several symbol styles are displayed Selecting None causes the symbols to disappear
87. c 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Histogram Example dB V f Hz aout Measurement tool dB V y displays corner frequency f Hz Histogram Description Displays a histogram of a waveform Histograms can display absolute values such as the number of runs that fall into a certain range where only integer numbers make sense N ormalized values can also be displayed number of runs in a range divided by the total number of runs where the values are fractions between 0 and 1 By design the Y axis of histograms can have non integer values Measurement Category Statistics Type of Measured Waveform Scatter plot analog event driven analog Dialog Box Fields Category List All Statistic category items appear below the Signal field Select the Histogram item and any other items you want to measure CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 61 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Horizontal Leva Example Previous measurement result of Histogram of previous multiple frequency values measurement result Hz t s 4 0 Freq out 4 3 0 7 2 0 y 1 8 UL 0 0 Hees Nig 49 98 49 99 50 0 50 01 50 02 Freq out Hz Horizontal Level 7 62 Description Displays a moveable horizontal line to identify Y axis levels Measurement Category General Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog scatter plot histogram spectral Dialog B
88. c 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 1 Introduction CosmosScope is a graphical waveform analyzer tool that allows you to view and analyze simulation results in the form of waveforms displayed on graphs or as values displayed in lists Tools available with CosmosScope include e the Signal Manager through which the plotfiles are opened filtered and placed into a graph window or calculator e the Measurement Tool which provides over 50 measurements that can be applied to a waveform e the Waveform Calculator which emulates a hand held calculator that interacts graphically with the application e the Command Line Tool which allows you to enter AIM commands write scripts and save them into files CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 1 1 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 1 Introduction Invoking CosmosScope There are a number of different ways to invoke Scope including e OnaWindows system use the command line invocation described below or simply select Programs gt finstall_location gt Scope or Programs gt install_location gt CosmosScope e Toinvoke the product on UNIX systems see the command line invocation instructions below Command Line Invocation and Options 1 2 CosmosScope can be executed from the UNIX command prompt or from the Command Prompt window The full form of the scope and cscope commands for CosmosScope is shown below cscope h
89. can specify start 20 end 20 to cause the zoom to display the range from 20u to 80u when the waveform is displayed You can specify a pre zoom range using specific constant values Using the same waveform example of Ou to 100u if you put 20u as the start point and 50u as the end point the waveform will display as zoomed in to that range You can also specify relative positions using constant values from the start and end point Again using a waveform that spans Ou to 100u if you specify a pre zoom of start 20u end 20u the range from 20u to 80u appears when the waveform is displayed Minimum Region Width Set the minimum size of a region When Minimum Region Height multiple signals are plotted in different regions the size of the region may be smaller than what you want These settings allows you to control the minimum size CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 9 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference Default dB Scale Sets the minimum and maximum values of the dB view for signals The dB view values could be Inf or Inf if the original waveform contains 0 or Inf data points This setting makes the plot easier to read Scope Preferences Reader Tab Default File Type Allows you to select the default file type that will be displayed when opening plotfiles The options reflect all the file types supported by CosmosScope Saber PL Reader Allows you to set the loading mod
90. ce CH Open File Open a file E Reload Reloads plotfiles and waveforms Li Save Save the active window Print Active Window Print hardcopy of the current window A Cut Copy to the clipboard and delete the original if possible 9 2 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Icon Bar Icons KA e Copy Copy to the clipboard and leave the original CS Paste Paste from the clipboard to the active window Ki Zoom In Increases magnification to show increased detail la Zoom to Fit Display all of the objects in a window Yn Zoom Out Reduce magnification to show less detail but more information T Cascade Place windows so that they are placed on top of each other diagonally from the upper left hand corner of the work surface to the lower right hand corner of the work surface EH Tile Place windows so that they do not overlap ISS Clear Graph Clear all signals axes legends and graphics from the graph window without saving the information CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 9 3 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 9 CosmosS cope Quick Reference mm Toggle Grid Toggle visibility of the grid on the active window Configure Dynamic Waveform Display Popup a form to configure Dynamic Waveform display settings Gs Create Bus lake multiple signals and combine them into a single digital bus If analog signals are detected
91. ckage when CosmosScope is invoked On a Hewlett Packard system to compile a Database Access Package d11 written in the C programming language complete the following steps 1 Compile the source in this example fmt1 c by executing the following cc Aa Z I SSABER_HOME include c fmtl c A 14 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc 2 Createa shareable library by executing the following ld b o fmtl sl fmtl o 3 Tointeractively load the package invoke CosmosScope and use the Command Line tool to enter the following aim load fmtl exact Seethe next section Loading the Database Access Package for a method to load the package when CosmosScope is invoked Loading the Database Access Package To load the database access package when CosmosScope is invoked complete the following steps 1 Add the aim load command to a CosmosScope startup file The aimload command syntax is shown below aim load package initRoutine exact The required entry packageis the name of the database access package 411 without an extension The optional entry initRoutineis the name of the database reader routine The entry initRoutineis not required if this name corresponds to the name of the d11 as package Init The exact option required specifies that the package name must be used exactly as specified in the aimload command You can add the command to either of the followin
92. d PfFormat_CreateExternalFormat _ANSI_ARGS_ Tcl_Interp interp Pf_Format format pointer to a Pf_Format structure which is provided by the database access package initialization routine Create Member Routines When new formats are created a new Pf_Format instance is created The format name is added to a hash table internal to the application which associates the name with the address of the P _Format instance The Pr Format instance contains the name of the format and the addresses of all the format s member routines that are provided by the database reader The member routines implement the querying of the format container and waveform attributes as well as the creation of waveforms The member routines are called through the External Waveform Database API when attributes or data are needed by the application A 2 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc All member routines return TCL_ERROR or TCL_OK as return values to indicate the status of the call You will need to create the member routines described bel ow GetFormatAttProc The GetFormatAttProc is used to get attributes about a given format Access to this information is provided by the AIM command pf format When called the database reader must provide the corresponding value in the form of a string You can provide support in the database reader for other attributes like version author etc if you w
93. d and Move an object drag Left button double click 1 Open files and directories 2 Bring up Attributes form Middle mouse button single Paste an object click Middle mouse button press Pan across a window and hold and drag Right mouse button press and Bring up pop up menu hold 9 6 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Mouse Usage Alternatives for Two Button Mouse Users Thefollowing table provides a description of alternative ways for Windows NT two button mouse users to access middle mouse button functionality Description Alternative The middle mouse button is used to paste into a specific location on a graph Panning the graph surface can be done by the middle mouse button This can also be done with the Paste menu item in the Graph popup This can also be done with the arrow keys The x axis can be panned with the Range display x axis scroll bar if it is turned on with the Graph gt Selected Axes gt Sliders gt Show menu item The middle mouse button can be used to paste text into the Command Line window This can also be done by putting the object on the dipboard and using the Edit gt Paste menu pull down menu item The middle mouse button can be used to paste values and waveforms into the Calculator The middle mouse paste is used in selecting items from the Calculator stack and pasting them into the x register C
94. d or relative x values on the markers and to turn the marker snap to trace behavior on or off Display Brings up a list of active Trace markers Selecting a Trace marker from the list displays the logic state of the digital signal and the value of an analog signal in the Trace graph region at the location of the Trace marker The logic stateis displayed in the Marker field Center Brings up a list of active Trace markers Selecting a Trace marker from the list pans the associated axis so that the marker is centered in the Trace graph region Delete Brings up a list of active Trace markers Selecting a Trace marker from the list deletes that marker from the Trace graph region Value Type Brings up a list of absolute relative or both Selecting an item from the list sets the value types of the x values shown on the top of the markers The relative values are shown in parentheses Ref Marker Brings up a list of active Trace markers Selecting a Trace marker from the list sets the marker as the reference marker The relative x value on the reference marker is O Ol Snap to Trace Allows you to make Trace markers snap to discrete events on a digital signal Graph Popup Menu This menu can be displayed by selecting the CosmosScope Graph pull down menu option described previously or as a popup To open the Graph popup menu e Place the mouse cursor in a blank part of the graph window so that no object is highlighted e Then pre
95. d within a given file This separator must match your Scope Preferences setting described above Independent variable element The first element in the header specifies the independent variables including x name and unit separated by the separator you ve specified For example xname xunit Either or both the xname and xunit can be absent If only the xname is missing CosmosScope will assign t by default However if both xname and xunit are missing the separator must nonetheless be included to indicate presence of this independent variable element Dependent variable element The dependent variable element indudes e the waveform name required e type optional options are analog digital or bus default is analog e unit optional e data type optional options are real or complex default is real For example wfnamel wftype1 yunit1 datatype1 For the digital or bus signal instead of waveform unit and data type the logic type information should be provided in the element eg wfname2 bus logic_4 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 B 3 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter B ASCII File Export and Import CosmosScope supports 3 logic types e logic 4 e nanosim_logic_12 e std_logic If the logic type is not specified CosmosScope will assign a default of logic_4 Below is an example of a complete header t s i out analog A real dl digital logic_4 Data The Data secti
96. default is used Quality Factor Calculation The quality factor of a waveform is calculated as 1 2 damping ratio Example dB v f Hz out E poles x Q 0 79364 zeros Im Hz O O O Measurement tool displays Quality Factor X T T T T T Re Hz CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 113 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Range Range Description Displays the range of y axis values covered by the waveform Measurement Category Statistics Type of Measured Waveform Scatter plot histogram analog event driven analog Dialog Box Fields Category List All Statistic category items appear below the Signal field Select the Range item and any other items you want to measure Example Hz t s Previous measurement result of Period out period as a function of time Measurement tool displays the range Real Description Displays the real value of a point on a waveform Measurement Category Frequency Domain 7 114 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Risetime Type of Measured Waveform Analog must be complex Dialog Box Fields X Value Optional You can provide an x value and the tool will provide the y value at that coordinate If you do not specify the x value a default is used Real Calculation The real value of a waveform is the real part of a complex argument If thereis noreal part then
97. dow Show All Displays all signals in all levels of hierarchy Show Top Displays only those signals at the top level of hierarchy 5 14 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Signal Manager Pl otfile Window Plotfiles Dialog Box Fields The following list summarizes the Plotfile dialog box fields and buttons from top to bottom Filter delim Field This label next tothe filter pattern provides the delimiter character used for signal path names for this plotfile If you wish to match against full path names separate individual path components with the character in this case Enter your search pattern then select the filter attribute from the options in the adjoining pulldown Show Hidden Selected or Deselected This attribute is retained when you enter subsequent search patterns until you reset the selected attribute option And as in the main Signal Manager window you may set or unset the cumulative mode with the same meaning Signal list The Signal list is a scrollable list of signals that can be displayed in a graph window Signals are organized by type such as analog digital or event Verilog designations include bus register register_int and string Match Button Search the current Signal List to find and plot signals that have the same name as the signals in the active graph Plot Button Plots highlighted signals to the active graph window Deselec
98. driven analog digital scatter plot histogram spectral CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 107 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Point Marker Dialog Box Fields Anchor Snap Location Optional X Value Example Measurement tool displays x y coordinates V 7 108 Signal Generates a moveable anchor point that snaps tothe signal waveform To see an example refer tothe Delta X Example Closest Measurement When you have multiple anchor points visible on a graph from previous measurements this setting causes the measurement to snap to one of those nearest points f thereis no visible measurement on the active graph from which to snap an error message is displayed See the Example Floating Generates a moveable anchor point that can be positioned anywhere within the graph To see an example refer tothe Delta Y Example You can optionally specify an x value that is used to determine the corresponding y value Example measure shows 0 015827 3 381 point marker anchor i snapping to Closest Measurement st Je rise 540 17u fall 459 78 EN pea CB LI Move point marker anchor to other existing anchors to find other x y coordinates _ CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Point to Point Description Point to Point Display the following values between two X axis points on one or two waveforms
99. dth width of y values 1 for all types except WF_BUS WF_REG WF_REGINT Wf_CreateDgt The routine Wf_CreateDgt does the similar thing with routine Wf_Create except it can create a digital ous waveform with particular logical type that is specified by the last argument EXTERN Wf_rec Wf_Create Initiates the creation of a waveform Tcl_Interp interp address of interpreter wf_type stype waveform type ex WF_ANALOG_REAL char x_name x axis name example t char x_units x axis units example s wf_data_scale xtag x axis scaling WF_LINEAR WF_LOG char y_name y axis name example output char y_units y axis units example V int width width of y values 1 for all types except WE_BUS WE_REG WF_REGINT char datatype Logical type for digital bus signals example logic_4 std_logic nanosim_logic_12 WfX_AddValue The routine W X_AddValue adds a data point to the waveform xval and yval contain values in whatever type is appropriate for the waveform type For waveform type WF_BUS the value is a binary number with the number of characters equal to the width of the bus For example a valid value for a WF_BUS waveform with a width of 8 is 10011011 For waveform types WF_REG and WF_REGINT the value is given in hex characters For CosmosS cope Reference M
100. e Measurement Result Displayed on Graph Dou 0 33318 520u You specify these levels 0 0 25 0 50 0 75 0 100 0 _run Duty Cycle Description Displays the duty cycle of a periodic waveform relative to default or specified topline and baseline levels Measurement Category Time Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog digital Possible Errors An error is reported if the waveform does not contain at least one complete cycle 7 46 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Duty Cyd e Dialog Box Fields Reference The following fields set the topline and baseline levels for the Levels measured signal You can display either of these levels on the waveform by clicking on the Visibility Indicator at the right of each field Topline Specify a topline value within the upper and lower Y axis values or use the default value Baseline Specify a baseline value below the topline value that is within the Y axis values or use the default value Trigger L L Specifies that the measurement starts from a period with either a rising or falling edge nl Specifies that the measurement starts from a period with a rising edge In Specifies that the measurement starts from a period with a falling edge Create New Waveform Duty Cycle vs t A new waveform is computed with on Active Graph or duty cycle Y axis versus time X axis New Graph
101. e Button Close Button Defaults Button Listoox Width in Lines field the stack e Horizontal Stack plotfile windows anchored to the NW W or SW are arranged from left to right Windows anchored tothe NE E or SE are arranged from right to left e Vertical Stacks windows from top to bottom e Diagonal Stacks windows diagonally from left to right Changes in the Setup dialog box are enabled when one of the Stack buttons at the right of the dialog box is pressed e Stack Visible Stacks plotfile windows that are displayed i e that are not iconized on the work surface e Stack Selected Opens and stacks plotfile windows from highlighted plotfiles in the dialog box e Stack All Opens and stacks all plotfiles listed in the dialog box Saves the settings into the preference file so that the settings will be loaded and applied the next time that CosmosScope is invoked Closes the Setup dialog box Resets the Setup dialog box to its original settings Changes the width of plotfile windows Listbox Height in Liness field Changes the height of plotfile windows Stacking Offset In Pixels field Changes the overlap spacing of the stack 5 12 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Signal Manager Pl otfile Window Signal Manager Plotfile Window Choosing a plotfile in the Open Plotfiles dialog box opens the Plotfile window Filter Field Plotfile Name Filter
102. e maximum value of a Statistics waveform Mean Statistics Displays the mean value of a waveform Mean 3 Statistics Displays the mean 36 value of a std dev waveform Mean 3 Statistics Displays the mean 36 value of a std dev waveform Statistics Displays the median value of a waveform Minimum Levels and Displays the minimum value of a Statistics waveform Natural s Domain Displays the natural frequency of a point Frequency on a waveform Nyquist Plot Frequency Displays the frequency at a point on a Frequency Domain Nyquist or Nichols plot Overshoot Time Domain Displays the overshoot of a waveform relative to a default or specified topline P1db Display 1DB Compression Point CP Pareto Statistics Displays a Pareto chart of a multi member analysis Peak to Peak Levels Displays the waveform s peak to peak value Period Time Domain Displays the period of a periodic waveform Phase Frequency Displays the phase value on a point on a Domain waveform CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc List of Measurement Operations Measurement Category Description Phase Margin Frequency Displays the phase margin of a complex Domain waveform in degrees or radians Point Marker General Displays a moveable point marker on the waveform to display the X value and Y value Point to Point Displays the Slope value between two selected points P
103. e of the PL reader Selecting Incremental makes the reader an incremental reader when a plot file is opened only the header for the plot will be read Selecting N on l ncremental makes the reader a full reader when a plot file is opened the whole data of the plot will be read Text Writer Reader Writing Precision allows you to set the precsion of the data that will be written to the text files Name U nit Separator allows you to set the separator between the waveform name unit and type in the header of a text imput file The default separator is Uncompressed Temporary Allows you to set the location of the temporary Directory directory used for opening gzipped files Signal Manager Tab 4 10 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Edit Pulldown Menu Options This tab allows you to set the preferences for signal list windows Please refer to Signal Manager Setup Button Dialog Box in Chapter 5 Signal Manager for details Measurement Tab This tab allows you to set the preferences for applying measurements Please refer to Setting Measurement Preferences in Chapter 7 Measurement Tool for details CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 11 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference Graph Pulldown Menu Options Plot This option allows you to plot selected signals from th
104. e signal list into the graph region Paste Places the contents of the clipboard into the graph region Graph gt Annotate Info Menu Option The Graph gt Annotate Info menu option brings up a Text Variables dialog box which allows you to insert information into the graph window The information available is the current date the creation date and the author of the current graph window To insert the current Date Created date and or Author user id click on the adjacent Insert button to placethe information on the graph Oncethetext has been placed into the graph window you can move it around in the graph window via drag and drop or the annotations may be edited with the Draw tool Graph gt Zoom Menu Options By selecting Zoom to Fit the maximum number of data points will be displayed on the graph to show the entire range of a signal All displayed graph regions in the graph window are affected Zoom In increases magnification to show increased detail All displayed graph regions in the graph window are affected Zoom Out decreases magnification to show less detail but more of the graphed information All displayed graph regions in the graph window are affected 4 12 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Graph Pulldown Menu Options Graph gt Signal Attributes Menu Option Selecting the Graph gt Signal Attributes option opens the Signal Attributes dialog box This dialog
105. e waveform at the y value can be positive or negative Specifies that the slope of the waveform at the y value must be positive H H Specifies that the slope of the waveform at the y value must be negative Example Measurement tool displays a moveable horizontal line and one corresponding x axis value at a waveform crossing Move anchor point along waveform to find other corresponding x values Also use the Measure Results form to view all corresponding x values x 0 0057418 7 126 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Topline Topline Description Displays the topline level of a waveform Measurement Category Levels Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog Dialog Box Fields Category List All Levels category items appear below the Signal field Select the Topline item and any other items you want to measure Topline Calculation If you do not specify the topline a default value is calculated by using a method specified in the Default Topline Baseline field in the Measurement Preference dialog box Undershoot Description Displays the undershoot of a waveform relative to a default or specified baseline level Measurement Category Time Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 127 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Undershoot Dialog Box Fields
106. easured signal and the corresponding reference signal You can display any of these levels on the waveform by clicking on the corresponding Visibility Indicator to the right of each field Topline On the measured signal specify a topline value Baseline On the measured signal specify a baseline value below the topline value or use the default value Trigger U U Specifies that the measurement starts from a period with either a rising or falling edge II Specifies that the measurement starts from a period with a rising edge Au Specifies that the measurement starts from a period with a falling edge Create New Waveform Period vs t A new waveform is computed with on Active Graph or period y axis versus time x axis See Example 2 New Graph CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 103 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Period Period Calculation The period is calculated as the difference in time between two consecutive edges of the waveform of the same polarity as shown in the example First a rising or falling edge depending on your trigger setting is found A rising edge starts below the lower level of the waveform and rises through the middlelevel toa value above the upper level A falling edge starts above the upper level and falls through the middle level to a value below the lower level For more information about the upper middle and lower reference levels refer to Waveform Reference Levels The wa
107. easurement If you do not specify degrees is the default unit Phase Calculation The phase of a waveform is calculated as atan imag real CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 105 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Phase Margin Example topline Measurement Leve dB v Measurement tool displays Phase Phase Margin Description Displays the phase margin of a complex waveform in degrees or radians Measurement Category Frequency Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog must be complex Possible Errors An error is reported if the magnitude of the waveform does not pass through 0 dB or if the waveform is not complex Dialog Box Fields Units You can select radians or degrees as the units of measurement If you do not specify degrees is the default unit 7 106 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Point Marker Phase Margin Calculation The phase margin is defined as the difference between the phase of the measured waveform and 180 degrees at the unity gain frequency Example 0 07 Phase deg f Hz l Out Measurement tool 200 0 displays phase margin in either degrees or Phase deg radians 400 07 600 07 Point Marker Description Displays a moveable point marker on the waveform to display the x value and y value Measurement Category General Type of Measured Waveform Analog event
108. ectory 3 Copy theinstall home examples Saber SaberScope saber_amp directory tothe synopsys_tutorial directory UNIX cp r install_home examples Saber SaberScope saber_amp install_homeis the location where your software has been installed Windows In Windows Explorer hold down thect ri key and drag the saber_amp folder from examples Saber SaberScope tothe synopsys_tutorial directory you just created CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 2 1 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 2 Tutorial Viewing Saber Simulator Results Viewing Saber Transient Analysis Waveforms The results of a Saber Simulator transient analysis residein the saber_amp directory You can view the results with the CosmosScope Waveform Analyzer as follows 1 Invoke CosmosScope 2 Open the Open Plotfiles dialog box File gt Open gt Plotfiles 3 In the Open Plotfiles dialog box browse to the synopsys_tutorial saber_amp directory in the Files of type field select Saber pl ai_pl pl pl 4 Click onthe single_amp tr ai_pl item and click the Open button The Signal Manager and the single_amp tr ai_pl Plot File windows are displayed 5 Fromthesingle_amp tr ai_pl Plot File window select signal in by left dicking it The signal is highlighted 6 Plot the selected signal on the graph by clicking the Plot button 7 Inthe single_amp tr ai_pl Plot File window select signal aout 8 Plot the selected signal on the same
109. egory items appear below the Signal field Select the Cpk item and any other items you want to measure Specification Limit Required values you provide Upper Specifies the upper specification limit Lower Specifies the lower specification limit CPK Calculation upper mean mean lower or 3 stddev 3 stddev In this calculation mean represents the mean value of the scatter plot upper and lower represent the specification limits you specify and stddev represents the standard deviations of the scatter plot 7 34 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Crossing Example Measurement Result Displayed on Graph 5201 Cpk 0 30408 EA A A Rise out ars a e pper 490U A Are ay KE SE A 2 pane ES A A AA A AY Alta a Za You specify AR A M these levels 260088 7 ADD wh oie Dr S A x Lower 460 ie AS A AR 440u AA 2 0 0 25 0 50 0 75 0 100 0 run Crossing Description Displays the crossing intersection points of two waveforms Measurement Category General Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog The two signals do not need to be the same type CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 35 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Crossing Dialog Box Fields Signal and Ref You specify the name of the signal as in all waveform Signal measurements but in addition you specify a reference signal By using the Swap
110. egular expression match vi emacs tcl style patterns using the following wildcard symbols The wildcard characters have the following meanings Pattern language Wildcard Meaning Character Glob any sequence of characters Glob any single character Glob character a or b or c Regular Expression any character Regular Expression anything matching regular expression lt x gt or regular expression gt Regular Expression parenthesis used for grouping Regular Expression end of path component or full path depending on settings Regular Expression start of path component or full path depending on settings Regular Expression abc character a b or c Regular Expression abc any character but a b or c CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 5 9 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 5 Signal Manager Second select one of two target options Full Path Path Component Specify whether the pattern is matched against single path components or against full paths This allows for example very specific selections of particular signals for only a given rnage of plotfile containers The default target for pattern matching is path component The last two options on the Signal Manager Signals menu are Plot Selected Signals Plots signals that are highlighted in open plot file windows into the active graph window Deselect Selected Signals Removes
111. eld and press the Return key 5 16 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 6 Graph Window Operation CosmosScope graphs display data derived from simulation analyses or other sources such as Polaris vcd files Graph data can be signals statistics etc plotted versus time frequency or other data This chapter explains how to display open and save your graphs along with graph menu options and dialog boxes There are two basic kinds of graph regions supported in the graph window a Trace graph region where digital signals are displayed and Analog graph regions these are also described in this chapter The following topics describe the general operations of the Graph windows e Displaying a Graph e Saving a Graph or Outline e Opening a Saved Graph or Outline e Redraw Status Window e Zooming e Panning e Scroll Bars e Slider e Trace Graph Region e Analog Graph Region e Smith Chart e Polar Chart CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 6 1 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 6 Graph Window Operation Displaying a Graph To graph waveforms on the work surface use the Signal Manager You may also update a displayed waveform by pressing the Reload button third from left in the icon bar or update the waveform dynamically To update the waveform dynamically select Edit gt Graph Preferences In the Graph Preferences form select the Display tab Tur
112. ematical and logical operations on AIM language expressions and waveforms as well as on numbers Opens the Command Line Tool This tool allows you to enter AIM commands write scripts and save them into files RF Tool Opens the RF Tool This tool allows you to perform measurements and calculations on RF el simulation output files MATLAB Interface Opens the MATLAB Interface Analysis Tool This tool provides an interface between Saber and CosmosScope applications to MATLAB applications CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 9 5 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 9 CosmosS cope Quick Reference Mouse Usage To run CosmosScope on a Unix system use a three button mouse On Windows systems you may use a two button mouse a three button mouse or a two button mouse configured to emulate a three button mouse When using a two button mouse access the functionality provided by a third mouse button by holding down the right mouse button and selecting the function from the popup menu that appears Mouse Buttons Function Left button single click Select an object Left button single click with Select multiple objects Shift key pressed Objects in the selected set cannot be un selected with a left button click Left button single click with Select multiple objects Control key pressed Objects in the selected set can be un selected with a left button click Left button press and hol
113. er 1 10 Set the Scatter Plots per Graph by clicking Graph the up or down arrow to adjust the selection Note this applies only to the Pareto measurement Sort Result No If yes the result waveform will be sorted if it Waveforms is not monotonic Yes CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc 7 19 Chapter 7 Measurement Tool Topline Baseline Calculation A number of measurements use either specified or default values for topline and baseline in their calculation You set how your topline and baseline are calculated with the Measure Preferences dialog box The following figure shows the various topline baseline possibilities as set in the Measure Preferences dialog box Preference Seting Madmum Minimum Autom atic FirstiLast Point Autom atic First Last Point Maxim urns Minimum 7 20 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Topline Baseline Calculation Manually Set a Custom Topline Baseline There might be times when you want to perform a measurement using a custom top and or base reference level The following example shows how to change the topline and baseline references prior to computing a falltime measurement 1 In the Measurement dialog box turn on the Baseline and Topline indicator buttons Graph0 ol x Measurement Help ramo A Reference Levels Topline 5
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115. er waveform with five members each having eight periods The frequency of each member in this example is decreased over time The example shows two measurements each with three parts the one on the left was made with the Measure Preferences dialog box Multi Member Count field set to 1 The measurement is made on the first period or count of each segment Measure Preference Multi Member Count All 2 Frequency versus time 4 Frequency versus run 6 Frequency histogram Measure Preference Multi Member Count 1 1 Frequency versus time 3 Frequency versus run 5 Frequency histogram 155000 0 150000 0 O Hz a _ _ 145000 0 A l 140000 0 50u 60u 70u 80u 90u 50u 60u 70u 80u 90u a ts s Ae ts s 155000 0 i 150000 0 a Hz A A Al 145000 0 140000 0 l 1 0 2 0 3 0 40 5 0 5 _run 1 0 1 o 0 0 145000 0 150000 0 155000 0 140000 0 150000 0 160000 0 Freq in Hz Freq in Hz Graph 1 shows how the frequency Y axis of each member changes over time X axis Graph 3 is a plot of the frequency at count 1 of each of the waveform members plotted against the individual simulation runs X axis Graph 5 shows a histogram which displays how many occurrences of each frequency value were encountered during all the simulation runs Graphs 2 4 and 6 aresimilar to their counterparts but they represent all the counts of each waveform
116. erence waveform causes the corresponding rising or falling edge on the measured waveform so that the reference edge occurs before the measured edge Measurement Category Time Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog digital Dialog Box Fields Signal and You specify the name of the signal as in all waveform Ref Signal measurements but in addition you specify a reference signal By using the Swap button you can alternate between the two signals to determine which one becomes the reference Reference The following four fields set the topline and baseline levels Levels for the measured signal and the corresponding reference signal You can display any of these four levels on the waveform by clicking on the corresponding Visibility Indicator to the right of each field Topline Specify a topline value or use the default value Baseline Specify a baseline value below the topline value or use the default value Ref Topline Same as Topline but it applies to the reference signal Ref Baseline Same as Baseline but it applies to the reference signal 7 40 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Delay Delay Level To set the waveform level where the delay is calculated on the measured signal click on 10 50 or 90 See the Example Ref Delay Click on 10 50 or 90 to set the waveform level where Level the delay is calculated on the reference sig
117. et an upper and lower range 10 90 in percent relative to the topline baseline levels To 20 80 compute a falltime based on a different percentage level than the defaults refer to the topic titled Manually Set a Custom Topline Baseline Create New Falltime vs t Creates a new waveform of falltime value s Waveform Y axis versus elapsed time X axis See Example 2 on Active Graph or New Graph CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 55 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Falltime Falltime Calculation The falltime is calculated by finding a crossing with the middlelevel of the waveform Looking forward from this point the time when the waveform falls to the lower level is found Looking backward the time when the waveform rises to the upper level is also found You set the upper and lower levels as 0 100 10 90 or 20 80 of the Topline Baseline levels The difference in the times is the falltime as shown in the example For more information about the lower middle and reference levels of a waveform refer to Waveform Reference Levels Example 1 Measured waveform with single falltime value LJ Select the desired reference levels Example 2 7 56 ue Measured waveform with multiple falltime values t s Measurement tool displays fall time s t s Fall out Measurement tool produces this waveform showing falltime as a function of t
118. evel Level Band 0 18863 Tome A SA oy Measurement tool displays settle time Displays the slew rate of a waveform relative to default or specified topline and baseline levels Measurement Category Time Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog 7 120 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Slew Rate Dialog Box Fields Reference Thefollowing two fields set the topline and baseline levels Levels for the measured signal and the corresponding reference signal You can display any of these levels on the waveform by clicking on the corresponding Visibility Indicator to the right of each field Topline Specify a topline value or use the default value Baseline Specify a baseline value below the topline value or use the default value 0 100 Click on one of these buttons to set a range in percent 10 90 relative to the topline baseline levels 20 80 Trigger Fi d Specifies that the slew rate is calculated for rising or falling edges Specifies that the slew rate is only calculated for rising edges H H Specifies that the slew rate is only calculated for falling edges Create New Waveform Slew Rate vs t on Active Graph or A new waveform is computed with slew rate New Graph y axis versus time x axis See Example 2 Slew Rate Calculation The slew rate is calculated as the difference between the upper and lower levels of a w
119. f labels and add markers to the signal Measure Results dialog box Allows you to select a signal delete measurements hide measurement displays or show all measurement results Hide Measurement Turns off the measurement value on the measurement that the Measure popup menu is acting on The value can be redisplayed by using the Measure Results dialog box Delete Measurement Deletes the selected menu Back Sends the measurement label to the back of a stack of labels for display Front Sends the measurement label tothe front of a stack of labels for display Add Marker Can add three different kinds of measurement markers to a signal e A Point Marker duplicates an existing anchor point and label A Horizontal Level marker creates a horizontal line that intersects the vertical Y axis value of an anchor point on a signal e A Vertical Level marker creates a vertical line that intersects the horizontal X axis value of an anchor point on a signal AimDraw Popup Menu To open the AimDraw popup menu e Place the mouse cursor over a Draw graphic e Then press and hold the right mouse button The AimDraw popup menu allows you to edit graphics in a window You can change the attributes of a selected graphic object rotate it flip it put it at the back of a stack put it at the front of a stack of or delete it CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 41 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS c
120. ficant LSB and each additional signal selected is more significant until the last signal selected which is assumed to be the most significant MSB 4 32 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Graph Pulldown Menu Options e Click on the Create Bus icon or menu item and the signal is plotted in CosmosScope and given the designation Groupnumber Some characteristics of this signal can be edited with the Signal Attributes dialog box The default display type is Hexadecimal but Octal or Binary can be selected and the label can be changed from Groupnumber to another label designation e Toopen the Signal Attributes dialog box double click on the bus label Selected Signals gt Convert To Digital Allows you to input the low and high thresholds then creates and plots digital signals converted from the selected analog signals Selected Signals gt Delete Signals Menu Item Deletes the signal or signals that are selected in the graph window If the deleted signal is the only signal in the graph region the whole graph region is deleted CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 33 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference Graph gt Selected Graphics Menu Option The Graph gt Selected Graphics menu choice provides two options When Selected Graphics gt Manage is selected the selected graphic objects will expand or shrink as the graph is zoomed
121. field Topline You set this field to a default or a specified level Offset You specify an offset value to be applied relative to the Topline value The default is 3 You must also choose which operator to use or along with the specified level The default is the minus sign This resulting level is also called the measurement level Lowpass Calculation The corner frequency is found by searching from left to right until the waveform first falls below the measurement level which is determined by the offset from the topline that you specify Topline If you do not specify the topline a default value is calculated by using a method specified in the Default Topline Baseline field in the Measurement Preference dialog box CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 79 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Magnitude Offset Computed as one of topline offset_value topline offset_value topline offset_value or topline offset_value depending on which operator you choose This level is also referred to as the Measurement Level as shown in the Example Example dB V f Hz Topline 30 195 aout fLow 28132 0 dB V Measurement tool displays corner frequency Magnitude 7 80 Description Displays the magnitude of a point on a waveform Measurement Category Frequency Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog must be complex Dialog Box Fields X Value
122. g CosmosScope startup files e Your site startup file scopeRc site located in a site accessible directory included in the PATH environment variable on your users systems e Theuser s startup file scopeRc_user located in the user s home directory 2 Modify the CosmosScope startup file as needed to specify the default filter in the waveform browser in CosmosScope The default will be one of the following e f no external formats have been loaded the default format will be Plotfiles the Saber format CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 A 15 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Appendix A External Waveform Database API e If you have loaded one or more external formats and have not specified a default format the default format will be the last format loaded e f you have specified a default format as described below the specified format will be the default format To specify a default format include the following command in the CosmosScope startup file in the line after the aimload command see Step 1 above set Scope PfFilter format name If you want the default format to be the Saber format replace format_namewith Plot files If you want to specify an external filter use the name assigned to the format in the P _Format structure see Define Initialization Routine on page 2 Once these steps have been completed the aimload command will be executed each time CosmosScope is invoked and the in
123. h on a waveform Measurement Category General Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog Possible Errors An error is reported if a local minimum or maximum is not found within the waveform Dialog Box Fields Peak Type GI E All local maximum and local minimum points are found Only the local maximum points are found SVU Only the local minimum points are found Peak value of peak to peak Threshold You specify a valuein percent of the peak to peak Peaks below this level are rejected by the measurement The default setting is 2 Create New Waveform The peak type you have selected will determine on Active Graph or New Graph ECKER which fields are displayed under this heading as follows Local Extreme vs t A new waveform is plotted by connecting the Y values found at the extreme points Y axis against time X axis X at Local Extreme vs t A new waveform is plotted by connecting the X axis points found Y axis against time X axis CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Local Max Min EN Local Maximum vs t A new waveform is plotted by connecting the Y values found at the maximum points Y axis against time X axis X at Local Maximum vs t A new waveform is plotted by connecting the X axis points found Y axis against time X axis Ay Local Minimum vs t A new waveform is plotted by connecting the Y va
124. hange the height of selected signals For digital signals the Bus field changes the digital information display For analog signals the View fields allows you to change the display of the selected signal View real y v vs real x Real YvsX Real XvsY e The left hand field changes the Y axis vertical axis plot of the selected signal e The right hand field changes the X axis horizontal axis plot of selected signals based on different X axis and Y axis parameters Details on the Vertical Axis Options and Horizontal Axis Options are provided following this table below Allows you to change the name of the signal e To change the name type the name of the signal in the Label field e Click the Apply button to display the new name in the graph window CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 15 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference Close Button Closes the dialog box and returns you to the work surface Signal Attributes View Axis Options Various options for the Vertical and Horizontal Axis are available by selecting Graph gt Signal Attributes these options are implemented by setting the View fields in the Signal Attributes Dialog Box Details on these options are provided bel ow Vertical Axis Options e Real x uses the real X values of a signal as the Y axis of the graph region For example if the X axis is represented in Hertz the Y axis will also be rep
125. he period is computed refer to the Period Calculation Example 1 Measured waveform with d V t s single frequency value Topline 3 7566 Measurement tool displays frequency Example 2 Hz t s J 7 Freq out V Hz T t s T T T t s T Measured waveform with Measurement tool produces this waveform multiple frequency values showing frequency as a function of time Gain Margin Description Displays the gain margin in dB of a complex waveform Measurement Category Frequency Domain 7 58 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Highpass Type of Measured Waveform Analog must be complex Possible Errors An error is reported if the phase of the measured waveform does not pass through 180 degrees or if the waveform is not complex Dialog Box Fields There are no unique fields in this form Gain Margin Calculation The gain margin is defined as the difference between the gain of the measured waveform and 0 dB at the frequency where the phase shift is 180 degrees Example dB V f Hz 20 07 out Y GG ES ondes i Gainmargin 12 713 20 0 Measurement tool dB V displays gain margin 40 07 60 0 80 0 T T T T Tr f Hz Highpass Description Displays the corner frequency of a waveform with a highpass shape The measurement is made relative to a default or specified topl
126. ick on the X axis Use the Selected Axes gt Sliders gt Show items in the Graph popup menu e Press and hold the right mouse button on the X axis scale The Axis menu is displayed Move the mouse cursor to the Display Range Slider item and release the mouse button e Remove the Slider bar from the graph with the Slider s gt Hide item 6 8 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc TraceGraph Region Trace Graph Region The Trace graph region is the primary area where digital signals are displayed Analog signals can also be placed in the Trace graph region Cosmos Scape Ye eege Viarke 5 j Symbol Bso cal JU AAA OA A gt wb EK Usa pr D ciel me MD 70 Mu ETA le F z _ miari Trace Graph Region Trace Markers Trace Signal 3 Names The Marker field Displays the logic state of a point on the digital signal or the value of an analog signal in the Trace graph region The point is selected with a Trace marker Trace Markers e Toplacea Trace marker highlight the New Marker Symbol with the mouse cursor press and hold the left mouse button and drag the marker to the desired location e Release the mouse button to place the marker The logic state of the location is displayed in the Marker field The Trace graph uses the same popup menus available in the Analog graph region with the addition of the Trace popup menu The Trace popup
127. ignals Menu Plots or deselects selected signals in a plotfile Signal Manager File Menu Items The following items appear in the File menu list in the Signal Manager dialog box Open Plotfiles Reload All Plotfiles Reload Selected Plotfiles Close Selected Plotfiles Close All Plotfiles Close Window Opens the Open Plotfiles dialog box allowing you to open new plotfiles You can also open plotfiles by single clicking on the Open icon in the icon bar Reloads all of the plotfiles in the Plotfiles list Reloads plotfiles highlighted in the Plotfiles list Closes plot files highlighted in the Plotfiles list and removes the plotfile from the list Closes all plotfiles displayed in the Plotfile list whether or not they are highlighted and removes the plotfiles from the list Closes the Signal Manager dialog box Signal Manager Plotfile Menu The following items appear in the Plotfile menu list in the Signal Manager dialog box Display Selected Opens plotfile windows for the plotfiles highlighted in the Plotfiles list Display All Opens plotfile windows for all plotfiles displayed in the Plotfile list whether or not they are highlighted CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 5 7 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 5 Signal Manager Hide Selected Hide All Stack Selected Stack Visible Stack All Closes plotfile windows highlighted in the Plotfiles list The plotfiles remain listed
128. igure Sweep Noise Figure db System Impedance ohm Defines the plot file you want to use Defines a range of frequencies to apply to this circle If you select Frequency Sweep as a sweep method you can select multiple frequencies by holding the lt ct 11 gt key Selects Frequency Sweep as sweep method for drawing the circle Selects Noise Figure Sweep as sweep method for drawing the circle Defines a value for noise figure Defines a value for system impedance CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Stability Circle Stability Circle 20 1 fomeg i 1 6979meg E 39 9052meg Stability Circle Plot File Defines the plot file you want to use S Parameters Defines the values for S Parameters S11 S12 S21 S22 Frequency List Defines a range of frequencies to apply to this cirde Output Stability Circle Selects the Output Stability circle Input Stability Circle Selects the Input Stability circle CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 8 5 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 8 RF Tool Available Power Gain Circle El RF Tool Ga Sweep FromsTo E q Ga Sweoep Gmax based 75 1755meg 1 6979meg 39 9052meg 8 6 Available Power Gain Circle Plot File S Parameters S11 S12 S21 S22 Frequency List Frequency Sweep Ga Sweep From To Ga Sweep Gmax based Defines the plot file you want to use Def
129. ime CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Frequency Frequency Description Displays the frequency of a periodic waveform relative to default or specified topline and baseline levels Measurement Category Time Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog digital Possible Errors An error is reported if the waveform does not contain at least one complete cycle Dialog Box Fields Reference The following fields set the topline and baseline levels for the Levels measured signal You can display either of theselevels on the waveform by clicking on the Visibility Indicator at the right of each field Topline Specify a topline value or use the default value Baseline Specify a baseline value below the topline value or use the default value Trigger Specifies that the measurement starts from a mV period with either a rising or falling edge Specifies that the measurement starts from a IU period with a rising edge Specifies that the measurement starts from a Ul period with a falling edge Create New Waveform Frequency vs t A new waveform is computed with on Active Graph or frequency Y axis versus time X axis See New Graph Example 2 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 57 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Gain Margin Frequency Calculation The frequency is calculated as the reciprocal of the period For information on how t
130. in or zoomed out Un managed graphic objects will remain the same size The Delete option will remove any Draw graphics selected in the graph window Select the graphic by highlighting it with the cursor and clicking the left mouse button Multiple graphics can be selected by holding down the Shift key Then click on the Selected Graphics gt Delete item Graph gt Font Menu Option This menu option controls the font selection style and size displayed in the current graph Graph gt Color Map Menu Option This option allows you to change the graph window color scheme to Map 1 Map 2 and Mono Map 1 and Map 2 are color maps for color displays and color printers Mono is a black and white display for monochrome displays and black ink printers All of the color maps can be altered in the Edit gt Graph Preferences dialog box Graph gt Legend Menu Option The Legend option allows you to change the position of legends in the graph regions The legend is the text that appears next to the graph containing the labels of the axes and the names of the displayed signals The legend can be configured to appear to the Right Bottom Left or Top of the graph or it can be configured to F loat Selecting the None item removes the legend from the graph window The legend can be redisplayed by using any of the other Legend items 4 34 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Tools Pulldown Menu
131. in the Measure Results form X at Maximum Description Displays the x value corresponding to the maximum value of a waveform Measurement Category Levels Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog scatter plot histogram spectral 7 130 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc X at Minimum Dialog Box Fields Category List All Levels category items appear below the Signal field Select the X at Maximum tem and any other items you want to measure 168 4 4645 Measurement tool displays x y coordinates at the maximum waveform value X at Minimum Description Displays the x value at the minimum value of a waveform Measurement Category Levels Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog scatter plot histogram spectral Dialog Box Fields Category List All Levels category items appear below the Signal field Select the X at Minimum item and any other items you want to measure CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 131 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Measurement tool displays x y coordinates at the minimum waveform value X_Min 0 016639 0 90992 Yield Description Displays the ratio of data points that fall between the specified upper and lower y axis values of a waveform Measurement Category Statistics Type of Measured Waveform Scatter plot histogram analog event driven an
132. ine level and a specified offset Measurement Category Frequency Domain CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 59 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Highpass Type of Measured Waveform Analog Dialog Box Fields Reference If you want to see the topline or offset level or both displayed Levels on the waveform click on the Visibility Indicator to the right the Topline or Offset field Topline You set this field to a default or a specified level Offset You specify an offset value to be applied relative to the Topline value The default is 3 You must also choose which operator to use or along with the specified level The default is the minus sign This resulting level is also called the measurement level Highpass Calculation The corner frequency is found by searching from right to left until the waveform first falls below the measurement level which is determined by the offset from the topline that you specify Topline If you do not specify the topline a default value is calculated by using a method specified in the Default Topline Baseline field in the Measurement Preference dialog box Offset Computed as one of topline offset_value topline offset_value topline offset_value or topline offset_value depending on which operator you choose This level is also referred to as the Measurement Level as shown in the Example 7 60 CosmosS cope Reference M anual De
133. ines the values for S Parameters Defines a range of frequencies to apply to this circle Selects Frequency Sweep as sweep method Selects Ga Sweep From To as sweep method Selects Ga Sweep Gmax based as sweep method CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Operating Power Gain Circle Operating Power Gain Circle E RF Tool 821 S Par S 2 1 ul 522 4 Frequency Sweep Gp Sweep From To Gp Sweep Gmax based Operating Power Gain Circle Plot File Defines the plot file that you want to use S Parameters Defines the values for S Parameters S11 S12 S21 S22 Frequency List Defines a range of frequencies to apply to this circle Frequency Sweep Selects Frequency Sweep as sweep method Ga Sweep From To Selects Ga Sweep From To as sweep method Ga Sweep Gmax based Selects Ga Sweep Gmax based as sweep method Gp db Defines the value of Gp CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 8 7 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 8 RF Tool VSWR Circle RF Tool 2 InaLINsw2_3 15 S Par S 1 2 Li S Par S 22 3 E 59 9052meg 50 2377meg VSWR Circle Plot File Defines the plot file you want to use S Parameters Defines the values for S Parameters S11 S12 S21 S22 Frequency List Defines a range of frequencies to apply to this cirde Output VSWR Circle Selects the output VSWR cirde VSWROut Defines a value for VSWROut Input VSW
134. ing a Measurement inner 1 7 Selecting a Signal for a Measurement 7 7 Setting the Range of a Measurement ono nnnnnnannnnos 7 8 Creating a New Waveform of Measurement Results 7 8 Managing Measurement Results 7 10 Accessing the Measurement Results Dialog BOX oooooccccccconccanoncnonons 7 10 Measurement ia A 7 11 Status E EEN 7 12 Sia Field adas 7 12 Multi Member Waveform Measurements 7 12 Multi M ember CO Estena datado da 7 15 Multi Member Count Exame 7 16 Setting Measurement Preferences 7 18 Topline Baseline Calculation no nnnnoo 7 20 Manually Set a Custom Topline BaseliN oooooooccccccccncccoonnnnncnnnann nono 7 21 Default Cal culata 7 21 Waveform Reference Levels ss 7 23 Lee ee BEE 7 25 AMPI 130 EE EE 7 26 PREM strata cachet diet 7 27 Eet EE 7 29 ss A 7 30 E TEE 7 33 Ee 7 34 Ke E DEE 7 35 Damping Ratio EE 7 38 el EE 7 39 PE e AA E 7 40 Delta ein 7 42 El GE 7 44 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 9 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Table Of Contents EE 7 45 BUE A A 7 46 EJE IK Te Te Te VE 7 48 EVE MASK et 7 52 A A A arsine 7 55 FEIN EE 1 57 Calais EE E E a 7 58 a Ae o E 7 59 age ag 7 61 Horizontal Lilia tias 7 62 LEE 7 63 aos 7 64 A abs Auer Sn A aah ae Aenea laa 7 69 LAA a eel 7 74 Local MMM ati fia 7 76 LOWPASS rra A ina 7 79 PACING Pace snus a ri 7 80 IR 7 81 MP ROS 7 83 Meant Ee RE 7 84 Mean E A 7 85 MA ra nales 7 86 MINIMUM anar ile 1 87 Natural Free EE 7 88 Nyquist
135. ing written to the graphics window Redrawing of the graphic can be halted at any time by single clicking on the Interrupt button Only the percentage of the signal processed before the Interrupt button was pressed will be displayed 7 Redraw Status Draw Lines signal out seg 90 done 44 Interrupt l ell Signal Name 6 4 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Zooming Zooming Zooming In Zooming in on a graph region increases magnification to show increased detail There are several ways to zoom in on a graph Use the Graph gt Zoom In item in the Pulldown menu bar to zoom in on the center of a graph Single click on the Zoom In icon in the con bar to zoom in on the center of a graph Use the Zoom In tem from the Graph popup menu to zoom in on the center of a graph Placethe mouse cursor on the corner of a section that you would like to zoom in on Press and hold the left mouse button and move the mouse so that a frame is created around the area you wish to enlarge Release the mouse button to zoom in Place the mouse cursor at one end of the range you wish to zoom in on either the X or Y axis Press and hold the left mouse button and move the cursor to the other end of the range you wish to zoom in on Release the mouse button to zoom in to zoom in on the selected axis Place the mouse cursor over one of the axes or over an axis name in the legend Press and h
136. ion routines are provided in the include file formatApi h You can call these routines as needed from the database reader member routine CreateWaveformProc to construct the waveform object This approach to creating waveforms is similar to using the AIM wf command This command is documented in the online documentation provided with CosmosScope Examples of constructing a simple non parameterized analog waveform and a parameterized family of curves waveform are shown below CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 A 5 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Appendix A External Waveform Database API Non parameterized Waveform Routine Shown below is an example of a code fragment from a waveform creation routine illustrating how a simple non parameterized analog waveform is A 6 created For a simple int Wf_rec wf_type char char char char i wf stype xname 2 xunit 2 yname 1 2 yunit 41 41 28 41 non parameterized analog waveform waveform record returned by Wf_Create Type name name name name of waveform and data for x axis for x units for y axis for y units CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc int numpts number of points to add to waveform PfFormat_Value xval x values for waveform PfFormat_Value yval y values for waveform stype WF_ANALOG_R
137. irst Last When set to First Last Point the greater Point level of the first point and last point is used as the topline and the lower level of the first point and last point is used as the baseline 7 18 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Setting Measurement Preferences Parameter Choices Description Multi Member 1 This parameter specifies a location on a Count waveform where a measurement is taken This parameter affects waveforms that meet the following criteria All Operate on a multi member waveform or two waveforms of separate signals Last Produce more than a single result Such as risetime period etc Specified fa Generate a new waveform number Histogram Bins 20 For histogram generation this setting specifies the number of bins displayed You fa number either use the default of 20 or specify your own integer Normalize No If yes the histogram is normalized by Histogram dividing the total number of values into each Yes bin count The result is that each bin is assigned a value between 0 and 1 inclusive Cumulative No If yes the histogram is converted to a Histogram cumulative histogram by adding the count in Yes each bin to the count of all preceding bins Maximum Specified fa Specify the maximum number of scatter plots Scattter Plots number to be placed on the graph Note this applies only to the Pareto measurement Scatter Plots p
138. ish to be able to query these using the pf format command The interface for this routine is shown below typedef int PfFormat_GetFormatAttProc Tcl_Interp interp pointer to interpreter char attribute attribute name string PfFormat_Value value value returned by routine OpenContainerProc The OpenContainerProc is used to initiate access to an external data file This routine is called when the AIM command pf open is performed on an external data file The full pathname to the external data file is passed to the routine The database reader uses the pathname to open the file It then performs operations and obtains data creates a data structure with data specific to the particular data file and returns the address of this structure back to the calling routine as the client data At this point the application has not requested any information about the waveforms or the container so there may be no need to read any data from the data file at this time When called the address to this structure is passed to the format s other member routines This way the member routines can uniquely identify which container is being referenced as well as pass container specific data between themselves The interface for this routine is shown below typedef int PfFormat_OpenContainerProc Tcl_Interp interp pointer to interpreter char pathname path name to data file ClientData clientdata address
139. itialization routine will be run The new format will be registered and a new instance of the format object with appropriate attributes will be created This instance will be added to any others created previously Files Provided with the Saber Software The following file contains the include file provide with the External Waveform Database API package SSABER_HOME include formatApi h The following two files contain an example database reader and a data file showing the datafile format used by the database reader SSABER_HOME example SaberScope DatabaseAPI fm SSABER_HOME example SaberScope DatabaseAPI fm cr CT 1 dat A 16 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Appendix B ASCII File Export and Import Export CosmosScope allows you to export selected waveforms and plotfiles into a text file to support comparison of your simulation results to lab measurements The Edit gt Scope Preferences menu enables you to specify the data precision and separator settings Set Export Preferences Use the Edit gt Scope Preferences menu under the Reader tab to set the Text Writer Reader options e Set your preferred Writing Precision value the default precision is 6 e Select the Name Unit Separator value from the available choices The default is Exporting Waveforms To export selected waveforms from the Graph Window a Signal List or the C
140. l Dec 2004 5 3 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 5 Signal Manager Open Flotfiles Directory Momefmwebbritests openReplace us ml E 1250Stagelnverter tr0 Ej bjtdiff trO sv El a tr0 El bjtdiff tr El alm1 24 tr0 E bjtdiff tri SEI asict tro E bjtschmt tr SEI asic3 tr0 EI bjtsense tro SEI bjtdifi tro E foo tro File name bjtdiff tr0 hbjtdiff tri Files of type HSPICE Transient tr sas E Cancel Hspice Sweep Filtering mel Directory mome mwebbitests ope sweep Type Transient Analysis Base Design mm Alter Parameter Name temper ei EE Minimum Maximum Selection Range All Selection Ok Cancel 5 4 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Searching Multiple Plotfiles for Signals Searching Multiple Plotfiles for Signals Saber and CosmosScope provide a way to search several waveform plotfiles for signals that may be of interest For example you may want to display signals for comparison from several different plotfiles To do this follow these steps 1 2 3 Click the Signal Manager icon button on the lower part of the display In the Signal Manager window that appears click Open Plotfiles In the Open Plotfiles window navigate to the directory containing a waveform plotfile s of interest and select a plotfile From the swept results of a single design type a pattern name on the Fi
141. l name e Then press and hold the right mouse button The Signal popup menu allows you to manipulate the display of signals in the graphs Attributes Opens the Signal Attributes dialog box which allows you to select any signal displayed in the graph window to change the color of the signal to change the style of the line to changethe width of the line to add a symbol tothe signal to change the symbol width to fill the area under the signal to manipulate the stack region to change the point of view of the signal and to change the CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 39 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference signal label This dialog box was described under the Graph gt Signal Attributes topic above Members Opens the Member Attributes dialog box which allows you to control the display of a signal consisting of multiple members such as those generated by Vary or Monte Carlo data analysis You can show all members or an individual member hide all members or an individual member show all member labels or an individual member label set the colors for individual members and sequentially highlight members over the entire signal range This dialog box was described under the Graph gt Members topic above Measure Results Opens the Measure Results dialog box allows you to select a signal delete measurements hide measurement displays or show all measurement results save measuremen
142. lays the slope normally See Example visiblein the Per Decade Frequency Displays the slope per decade See Example Domain Per Octave Category Displays the slope per octave See Example Example dB v f Hz Frequency out Measurement Slide anchor point slope 0 11991 along waveform to dB v display other values slope decade 249 1 slope octave 74 883 Msn displays slope as normal none per decade or per octave Standard Deviation Description Displays the standard deviation of a waveform This measurement is intended for statistical discrete data such as histograms Measurement Category Statistics Type of Measured Waveform Scatter plot histogram event driven analog CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 123 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Stopband Dialog Box Fields Category List All Statistic category items appear below the Signal field Select the Standard Deviation item and any other items you want to measure Standard Deviation Calculation In this calculation y is the number of points W are the individual points of the waveform and w is the Mean value s _run Rise out AA Measurement tool displays the standard deviation Stopband Description Displays the stopband the low high or center frequency or the level at which the measurement is made for a stopband shaped waveform The measurement is made
143. le menu This activates the Open Outline dialog box e Navigate to the directory where the outline file is located e Select the file and click on the Open button A Create Graph With Outline dialog box opens with a list of waveform placeholders You must paste waveforms into the list by selecting them in a graph or Plot File window placing the cursor in the entry box next to the placeholder and clicking the middle mouse button You cannot type in the entry boxes e Click on Apply to open a new Graph window and plot the waveforms CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 6 3 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 6 Graph Window Operation Redraw Status Window Rendering a large complex graph after an open reload or zoom action can take several moments The CosmosScope Redraw Status window informs you about the amount of time it will take to redraw the graph window The intervals at which this is updated are defined in the Graph Preferences dialog form There are two steps to the redraw process The Transform Signal step displays the transformation of data to graphics Redrawing of the graphic can be halted at any time by single clicking on the Interrupt button Only the percentage of the signal processed before the Interrupt button was pressed will be displayed Redraw Status Transform signal out seg 8 x 1 5999e 08 Interrupt l d Signal Name The Draw Lines portion displays the percentage of graphics data be
144. line Low R 2 values ones below approximately 0 2 will appear to be randomly placed on the graph The slope of the best fit line is directly related to the sensitivity so the higher the slope the more sensitive the measured value is to changes in this parameter Of course a sensitivity with a high slopeis not very meaningful if the R 2 value is low CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 95 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Pareto Pareto Example The following is a typical use case for the Pareto measure using the Saber Simulator 1 7 96 Load a design into Saber and run a Monte Carlo analysis Be sure to save the parameters into a parameter file since they will be needed for Pareto Plot in CosmosScope one or more of the signals from the design Perform one or more measures on the signals For example you may be interested in the rise time at the output as well as the maximum power dissipation for a specific part In this case you would perform a rise time measure on the output signal and a maximum measure on the power dissipation signal for the device Each of these measures will create a new scatter plot waveform in CosmosScope Pareto can be run individually on both of these resulting scatter plots Select the Pareto measure in the Measure tool and then select the signal to be used for the analysis On the Measure tool in the field labeled Parameter Plot File type in the name of the plot file where the par
145. ln curve Freg First Frequency to generate first order term PowerOut1 versus Powerln curve Freq Second Frequency to generate second order term PowerOut2 versus Powerl n curve Example Measurement ch PowerQutl Pr rload A sv PowerQut2 Pr rioad H i Ww Freq 1st 300meg ES dien Beie 3 69 Create Pout vs Pin E AO Close Defaults CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc IP2 Measurement Edit Help Measurement IPSISFDR yl PowerOutl at_S00meg Pr rioac 300meg Pr rioad IM PowerQut3 il At_3 69 Pr rioad W Powerin 40 0 Please select Powerln value 50 0 47 4999965591067 44 9999967046571 42 400002511 436 3 Calculate SFDR Use INTEGRATED_NF Apply Close Defaults CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc 7 67 IP2 dBm Watt pin dEmiw At_900meg Pr rload At_3 6g P r rload dB m Watt 200 0 ES E A 100 0 50 0 0 0 50 0 100 0 pindBm w dBm Watt f Hz Pr rload dB m W att CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc IP3 SFDR IP3 SFDR Description For a nonlinear system with an ouput and two fundamental excitation frequencies fl and f2 the third order Intercept Point is the point on a set of PowerOut PowerOut1 and PowerOut3 versus Powerl n curves at which a line
146. lors are mapped to Mono signals are displayed as a variety of dashed lines These dashed lines cannot be customized The Add button allows you to add more Signal Color fields The Delete button deletes the last Signal Color field To change signal colors e Single click on the buttons that contain the colored square The Color Editor dialog box will be displayed from which you may select or define new custom colors The reference material on the Drawing Tool provides additional details on the Color Editor For digital signals CosmosScope displays different colors and line styles for different logical states Users can set the color and line style preferences with this tab Currently CosmosScope supports logic_4 std_logic and nanosim_logic type digital signals Display Tab Legend Location Fields The legend is the text that appears next to the graph containing the labels of the axes and the names of the displayed signals The legend can be configured to appear to the right bottom left or top of the graph or it can be configured as a floating legend Selecting the Float Button brings the legend up in its own window This window can be moved anywhere within the graph window e Tomove the legend window press and hold on the legend window with the left mouse button e Drag the window to its new location and release the mouse button 4 6 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Edi
147. lter edit line Click the Filter down arrow to display the Filter Attributes menu 6 In the Filter Attributes menu select the desired filter attribute s 7 Signal names corresponding to your filter attributes will be highlighted in the File Name window You may plot any or all of these signals NOTE When you enter search criteria on the Filter edit linein the File Name window regular expression syntax may be used to specify the search parameters CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 5 5 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 5 Signal Manager Signal Manager Dialog Box The Signal Manager dialog box allows you to open multiple plotfiles and manage how they are displayed Open plotfiles are displayed in the Plotfiles scrollable list box Plotfiles are numbered sequentially in the order that they were opened If a plotfile contains multi member signals this count will be reflected in brackets to the right of the signal name Signal Manager File Plotfile Signals Plotfiles Close Plotfiles 1 test acd a Display Plotfiles Setup Match All 1 E Close 5 6 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Signal Manager Menus Signal Manager Menus The following menus are available from the Signal Manager dialog box File Menu Manages opens loads and doses plotfiles Plotfile Menu Manages plotfiles displayed in the Plotfiles scrollable list S
148. lue and an R 2 value greater than these values Changing these values to 0 0 will show the effect of all of the parameters in the plot file Depending on the design this may result in a large number of bars in the sensitivity and R 2 histograms and a large number of scatter plots The minimum R 2 and minimum sensitivity values do not affect the results written to the text file if that option is selected Minimum Specify the minimum values for Sensitivity The default Sensitivity to valueis 0 1 The histograms and scatter plots will only show Display those parameters that have both a sensitivity value and an R 2 value greater than these values Changing these values to 0 0 will show the effect of all of the parameters in the plot file Depending on the design this may result in a large number of bars in the sensitivity and R 2 histograms and a large number of scatter plots The minimum R 2 and minimum sensitivity values do not affect the results written to the text file if that option is selected Pareto Calculation The sensitivity histogram is similar in concept to the results from a Saber sensitivity analysis except that the values from a Saber sensitivity analysis will be based on varying one parameter at a time while the sensitivity histogram from the Pareto analysis accounts for the variation of all parameters at once In addition the size of the parameter change for a Saber sensitivity is a small percentage of the nominal par
149. lues found at the minimum points Y axis against time X axis X at Local Minimum vs t A new waveform is plotted by connecting the X axis points found Y axis against time X axis Local Min Max Calculation J A local maximum occurs when the sl ope of the waveform changes sign from positive to negative LI A local minimum occurs when the slope of the waveform changes sign from negative to positive The end points of the waveform are not considered for either calculation The Peak Threshold value you specify determines whether a point at which a positive to negative or negative to positive slope change occurs should be selected as a local maximum or local minimum The Peak Threshold value specifies the minimum change between an adjacent local maximum and local minimum relative to the peak to peak value of the waveform CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 77 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Local Max Min Example 1 05 0 87 0 64 V 0 4 0 24 0 0 0 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 0 0 005 0 01 0 015 0 02 0 025 f out V t s Move the anchor point along waveform to find other local maximum values gx 0 0053882 0 61533 Measurement tool displays local minimum local maximum or d local extreme depending on the Peak Type setting t s Multi Member Waveform Options Create New Creates a new w
150. lysis Waveforms 2 2 Viewing Star Hspice Transient Analysis Waveforms 3 2 W Waveform Reference Levels 7 23 Window Pulldown Menu Options 4 35 X X at Maximum 7 130 X at Minimum 7 131 Y Yield 7 132 Z Zooming 6 5 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Index 3 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Index Index 4 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc BOOKSHELF CosmosScope AIM Reference Manual CosmosScope Calculator Reference Manual CosmosScope MATLABO Interface User Manual CosmosScope Reference Manual Saber and CosmosScope AIM User Guide Saber and CosmosScope Command Line Tool User Guide Saber and CosmosScope Draw Tool User Guide Saber and CosmosScope Macro Recorder User Guide Saber and CosmosScope Report Tool Refer ence Manual Saber and CosmosScope StateAMS Reference Manual Synopsys Online Documentation W 2004 12
151. m The Measurement Tool within CosmosScope provides a method of performing various measurements on a waveform You check the bandwidth and gain of the single stage amplifier output signal v aout as follows 1 Closethe Plot File windows and the Signal Manager window 2 In the Tool Bar located at the bottom of the CosmosScope window click the Measurement icon oo The Measurement dialog box appears 3 Select the Bandwidth measurement in the Measurement dialog box as follows a Move the mouse cursor tothe right of the Measurement field and press and hold the left mouse button on the down arrow button b Move the mouse cursor down to the Frequency Domain menu c Select Bandwidth To summarize choose the Measurement gt Frequency Domain gt Bandwidth menu item 3 4 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Performing Measurenents on an HSPICE Waveform d Because there is only one signal in the Graph window v acut should appear in the Signal field in the Measurement dialog box as shown in the following figure Measurement Edit Help Measurement Bandwidth ai Measurement Bandwidth Active Graph GraphO Al Signal aout Amplitude a Signal v aout Reference Levels Topline default e Click these buttons to offset IP Ol a Sid them again lo hide Apply Measurement to ne wales Entire Waveform Visible X and
152. m w is ts average value and x1 and x2 are the starting and ending points for the waveform Example 1 01 _ V tS f out 0 8 0 6 Measurement shown 0 4 as a non moveable V line and moveable text 02 AcRMS 0 22944 0 0 d 0 2 a oe A oda a A ao 0 0 0 005 0 01 0 015 0 02 0 025 t s CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 25 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Amplitude Multi Member Waveform Options Create New Waveform Creates a new waveform in the Active Graph or in on Active Graph or New a New Graph to display the results Graph Measurement vs _run or vary parameter Creates a scatter plot or analog waveform with the current measurement values Y axis versus each Monte Carlo run X axis or Vary parameter value X axis Measurement Histogram Creates a histogram with a count Y axis of the current measurement value X axis occurrences Amplitude 7 26 Description Displays the amplitude of a waveform Measurement Category Levels Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog Dialog Box Fields Category List All Levels category items appear below the Signal field Select the Amplitude item and any other items you want to measure CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc At X Amplitude Calculation The amplitude is calculated as the difference between the topline and the baseline reference levels
153. member CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 17 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 7 Measurement Tool Setting Measurement Preferences Before running a measurement you can preset Measurement Tool parameters by opening the Measure Preferences dialog box You can perform all your measurement operations without ever changing the default values However it might be helpful for you to be aware of what these settings are so that you can understand how the results are generated To access the Measure Preferences Dialog Box e Click on the Edit gt Measure Preferences menu selection in the Measurement dialog box When you change parameters in the Measure Preferences dialog box click the Apply button to cause the change to take affect on the next measurement and the Save button to take affect on subsequent invocations of the Measurement Tool The following table indicates Measure Preferences dialog box options The bold choices in the table indicate the default settings Parameter Choices Description Display 5 Sets the precision of the numeric results Precision fa number displayed on the graph and in the Measurement Results dialog box Default Automatic When set to Automatic the default is ToplineBaseline computed by using the method described in Topline Baseline Maximum When set to Maximum Minimum the Minimum maximum and minimum points are used as the topline and baseline values F
154. mosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 8 1 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 8 RF Tool RF Tool Point Trace dialog E RE Tool e ep Parfs 1 1 E GEET EA 5 Fait A2 A a EELER Display the values M parameter mag 28 S parameler phase 28 Impedance 3 Admittance Apply dose veras Point Trace dialog Plot File Defines the plot file you want to use Signal List Defines the signals you want to put a Point Trace on Display the values Check the boxes of the values you want showing on the Point Trace table 8 2 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Point Trace Markers and Table Point Trace M easurements ei PE mg 4 PolntTraceTabledinaLiMsa2_5 Graph Eegen Manger SEN Syst begiert Zot SLO Ska Frequency He Wim C 5 L egsegen mama am aam mm a bh O au ap UE DIS Point Trace Markers and Table CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 8 RF Tool Noise Circle 8 4 E RF Tool Edit Help Hoise Circle D EE EE D raid GUTT RT eT RR RT RT RR HE EEE TES i Frequency Sweep Y Noise Fi igure Sweep 2 InaLINsw2_3 15 Noise Figure ca y i bores ape ES 0 System Impedence ohms Ei d Frequency List 23l Zeng 316 979Imey Noise Circle Plot File Frequency List Frequency Sweep Noise F
155. n closes the application Edit Pulldown Menu Options Undo Undo reverses any database operation you have just completed This item does not un delete waveforms undo measurement manipulations operate on general windows or UI operations There is one level of undo If the Undo menu item is stippled or greyed out it will not operate on your last action Cut Copy Paste Delete These menu options operate on the selected object e Cut removes a selected object and moves it into a clipboard e Copy copies a selected object in the active window into a clipboard e Paste will place whatever is in the clipboard into the active window e Delete will remove the currently selected items from the window 4 4 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Edit Pulldown Menu Options Graph Preferences You may customize the appearance of your graphs and modify other settings by selecting Edit gt Graph Preferences This will bring up the Graph Preferences window Each tab in this window contains the following buttons Apply new preferences to all graph windows immediately This change is good only for your current CosmosScope session unless you use the Save button To save your changes between CosmosScope sessions click on the Save button You can now exit CosmosScope return and retain your new preferences The Defaults button sets your preferences to the original CosmosScope default selections
156. n on Dynamic Waveform Display and enter the interval in seconds desired for dynamically updating the displayed waveform Saving a Graph or Outline 6 2 A Graph file contains all of the information displayed in the graph window including displayed signals and any additions made with the Draw tool or Measurement tool To save a graph into a file select the Save gt Graph menu item from the File menu This activates the Save Graph dialog box The Save Graph dialog box allows you to specify a name A directory of that name is created to contain the graph An empty file is created at the same level with the same name but with the extension ai_graph appended toit After you click on the Save button a pop up dialog box prompts you to save the graph file in one of the following ways 1 With a copy of the waveforms in the graph 2 With a reference to the plot file from which the waveforms in the graph were plotted In the first case copies of the related plot files are saved in the directory that you specified these plotfiles are now separate from the originals and are not overwritten by subsequent analyses In the second case the connection to the original plot files is maintained thus if the graph is reopened it can be automatically updated due to any Replace or Append plot actions specified for an analysis In this case you can select to either save the absolute path or the relative path in the saved graph by checking the appropri
157. nal See the Example Trigger E il Specifies that the measurement starts from either a rising or falling edge Specifies that the measurement starts from a rising edge Specifies that the measurement starts from a falling edge Ref Trigger either Selecting this button causes the measurement to trigger on the first edge of the reference waveform prior to the specified measured waveform edge be it a positive or a negative edge same The measurement triggers on the reference waveform at the previous edge with the same polarity set in the Trigger field as the measured waveform opposite The measurement triggers on the reference waveform at the previous edge with the opposite polarity set in the Trigger field as the measured waveform See the example Create New Delay vs t Creates a new waveform with the delay Waveform on Active values Y axis versus time X axis Graph or New Graph Delay Calculation All rising or falling edges for the measured waveform are determined based on the Trigger setting in the Measure dialog box From each edge the corresponding previously occurring edge on the reference waveform is determined The difference on the X axis between the two edges is the delay time CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 41 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Delta X Example V t s out lt Measured Signal in_ Reference Signal 5 0 4 0 3 0 V A
158. nal Manager Accessing the Signal Manager The Signal Manager con is located in the Tool bar at the bottom of the work surface ee To open or close the Signal Manager e Single click on the con with the left mouse button Opening a Plotfile 1 Toopen a Plotfile single click on the Signal Manager icon The Signal Manager Dialog Box will be displayed 2 Single click on the Open Plotfiles button to display the Open Plotfile dialog box 3 Select the directory where your plotfiles reside from the Directories scrollable list Select the desired Files of Type entry and all such matching plotfile names will appear in the File Name scrollable list 4 Double click on the plotfile name to display the plotfile window 5 Single click on the signals you wish to plot Deselect a highlighted signal by single clicking it again 6 Plot the signals to the current graph window by single clicking the Plot button You can also open plotfiles and bring up the Signal Manager by using the File gt Open gt Plotfiles item in the menu bar or by single clicking on the Open icon in the CosmosScope icon bar Copying a Signal into the Calculator e Tocopy a signal into the calculator highlight the signal in the plotfile window place the mouse cursor in the calculator entry field and click the middle mouse button 5 2 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc HSPICE Sweep Filtering Copying a
159. nalog 7 90 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Overshoot Dialog Box Fields Reference You can display this reference level by clicking on the Levels Visibility Indicator at the right of the Topline field Topline Specify a topline value within the upper and lower Y axis values or use the default value You can display this reference level by clicking on the Visibility Indicator at the right of the Topline field Baseline Specify a baseline value within the upper and lower y axis values or use the default value You can display this reference level by clicking on the Visibility Indicator at the right of the Baseline field Measure Absolute Format The magnitude of the overshoot is calculated as the absolute value of an argument Percentage The magnitude of the overshoot is calculated as the percentage of an argument Overshoot Calculation The overshoot is calculated as the difference between the maximum point on the waveform and the specified or calculated Topline value For more information on how the Topline value is calculated refer to Topline Baseline Example Measurement tool displays overshoot result based on Topline value CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 91 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Overshoot 7 92 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Pareto Pareto Description Pareto Analysis
160. nerate first order term PowerOut1 versus Powerln curve 7 70 Freq Second Frequency to generate third order term PowerOut3 versus Powerln curve CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc IP3 SFDR EC Pr rivad A ei PowerQut3 Pr rioad A Freq 1st om ele a Create Pout vs Pin Freq Srd 3 6g CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 71 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc IP3 SFDR POT fat 300meg Pr road TT PowerOut3 At_3 69 Pr foad p Poe 40 0 Please select Powerin value 44 999996786571 42500002511 436 Calculate SFOR J Use INTEGRATED_HF Apply Close Defaults i 7 72 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc i Graphi dB m W att dB m W att 1P3 SFDR ECH dBm Watt pin dDm w At_900meg Pr rload At_3 6g P r rload 3x 14 2 73 dB m 40 0 20 0 20 0 pindBm w dBm Watt f Hz Pr rload CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc 7 73 Length Le 7 74 ngth Description Displays the length of a straight line that connects two X axis points on a waveform or two X axis points on two waveforms IT two waveforms are selected the two waveforms do not need to be the same type but they must be in the same graph region Measurement Category
161. ntained in the xval and yval Kg CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 A 9 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Appendix A External Waveform Database API When using Wf_AddValues instead of Wf_AddValue the last loop in the previous example code would be changed to double new_xval NULL declared in the position where xval and yval are declared double new_yval NULL for i 0 i lt numpts 1 new_xval double malloc numpts sizeof double new_yval double malloc numpts sizeof double Get data for new_xval i and new_yval i and assign new_xval i new_yvall i WfX_AddValues interp wf void new_xval void new_yval numpts if new_xval NULL free new_xval if new_yval NULL free new_yval Parameterized Waveform Routine The parameter routines are used to create parameterized waveforms a family of curves After a parameterized waveform is initialized using the WfX_Create routine thewfx_AddNumberParameter WfX_AddSetParameter W X_AddStringParameter routines are used to define the set of parameter values for the waveform The WfX_NextParameterValue routineis used to step through each parameter value after adding the waveform data points A 10 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Shown below is an example of a code fragment from a waveform creation
162. nual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Graph Pulldown Menu Options Lock out new signals does not allow signals to be added to the same axis even if they have the same units For example a signal with an amplitude in microvolts will have a different scale from a signal with an amplitude in volts in the same graph region Grapho rr KA t s opl out A ts Graph gt Selected Signals Menu Option The Selected Signals feature operates on one or more graphed signals that you select allowing you to adjust the display characteristics Selected Signals items that are available are Stack Region Color Style Line Width Symbol Symbol Width View Signal Grid Trace Height Digital Display Create Bus Convert to Digital and Delete Signals To select a signal place the mouse cursor over the signal or over the signal name in the legend and single click the left mouse button Selected Signals gt Stack Region Menu Item Allows you to move selected signals in and out of different graph regions CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 29 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference Digital Trace moves selected analog or digital signals into the digital trace graph region New Analog moves selected analog or digital signals into a new analog graph region Analog N where n is the identifying number of a graph moves selected analog or digital signals into the analog gra
163. nward pointing arrow at the right of the Signal field Select checkbox The check boxes before the measurements are used to select the measurements that you want to export to a text report file Delete Measurement Button Permanently deletes the selected measurement Delete All Button Permanently deletes all measurements for the selected signal Show All Values Button Displays all values for the selected measurement Hide All Values Button Hides the display of all values for the selected measurement Passing the mouse cursor over a visibility indicator in the Status list will cause a highlighted measurement value to appear on the signal Select All Selects all the measurements for exporting to a text report file when the Save button pressed Clear Deselects all selected check boxes Save Selecting this button will pop up a dialog window with information for the selected measurements nformation will be saved to a text file The Save button is found at the bottom of the window Close Button Closes the Measure Results dialog box CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 25 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference Graph gt Waveform Compare Menu Option Selecting this menu choice opens the Waveform Compare dialog box This feature reports differences between waveforms of two selected signals Select the graph you wish to compare from the Graph List pull down list highlight the Signal
164. of 2 extrapolated from PowerOut2 intersect PoverOutl represents the first order term and PowerOut2 is the second order term Both lines must be extrapolated from a region with sufficiently low input power OIP2 is the value of PowerOut at which IP2 occurs I P2 is the value of the Powerln value at which 1P2 occurs Measurement Category RF Type of Measured Waveform Analog Power type either PowerOut versus Powerln or PowerOut versus Frequence with Powerln as a sweep parameter Dalog Box Fields Given two waveforms one is PowerOut1 versus Powerl n the other is PowerOut2 versus Powerl n the following Dialog Box Fields show 7 64 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc IP2 PowerOutl First order term PowerOut1 versus Powerln curve PowerOut2 Second order term PowerOut2 versus Powerl n curve Powerln Powerln value Examples A Grapho Ol xi GraphO dEm Watt pin dBm w ai Pr rload 1 Pr rload 2 0 0 dB m W att 50 0 100 0 60 0 50 0 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 0 0 0 10 0 pin dE miw Given one waveform PowerOut versus Frequency with Powerln as a sweep parameter the following Dialog Box Fields show CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 65 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc IP2 PowerOutl Waveform of PowerOut versus Frequency with Powerln as a sweep parameter PowerOut2 Second order term PowerOut2 versus Power
165. of data structure specific to the opened container returned by the Proc CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 A 3 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Appendix A External Waveform Database API CloseContainerProc The CloseContainerProc is called when the container is to be dosed using the AIM command pf close It allows the database reader to de allocate anything allocated for its own use The interface for this routine is shown below typedef int PfFormat_CloseContainerProc Tcl_Interp interp pointer to interpreter ClientData clientdata address of data structure specific to the opened container returned by the Proc GetContainerAttProc The GetContainerAttProc is used to get attributes about a specific container This routine will be called when the AIM command pf info is performed on a container associated with an external format The set of required attributes the database reader must provide are created design filenames nwaveforms pfname and waveforms The interface for this routine is shown below typedef int PfFormat_GetContainerAttProc Tcl_Interp interp pointer to interpreter ClientData clientdata address of data specific to the container char attribute attribute name string PfFormat_Value value value returned by routine GetWaveformAttProc The GetWaveformAttProc is used to get attributes about a specific
166. oftware has been installed Windows In Explorer hold down the ctr1 key and drag the hspice_amp folder from install home examples Saber CScope tothe synopsys_tutorial directory that you just created CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 3 1 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 3 Tutorial Viewing HSPICE Results Viewing HSPICE Transient Analysis Waveforms The results of a simulator transient analysis residein the hspice_amp directory You can view the results with the CosmosScope Waveform Analyzer as follows 1 2 3 Invoke CosmosScope Open the Open Plotfiles dialog box File gt Open gt Plotfiles In the Open Plotfiles dialog box browse to the synopsys_tutorial hspice_amp directory in the Files of type field select HSPICE tr ac sw ft item Click on the amp tro item and dick the Open button The Signal Manager and the amp Plot File windows are displayed Fromthe amp Plot File window select signal v in by left dicking it The signal is highlighted Plot the selected signal on the graph by clicking the Plot button 7 In the amp Plot File window select signal v aout 8 Plot the selected signal on the same graph as the v in signal by moving the cursor to the Graph window and clicking the middle mouse button When using a two button mouse place the cursor in the graph region click the right mouse button to bring up the graph pop up then select Plot These
167. ogram Preference Setting Automatic Automatic 7 22 LSASDADAD 1 RSS PPS KAA SOSADADA 1 E TT IOM CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Waveform Reference Leds Waveform Reference Levels In addition to the topline baseline and maximum minimum reference levels other levels are calculated and used by various measurements as shown below upper o ypra io 90 middle o matos SO lower topline baseline ioana urai 10 The reference levels upper middle and lower correspond to the distal mesial and proximal reference levels defined in thel EEE standard Pulse Terms and Definitions IEEE Std 194 1977 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 23 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 7 Measurement Tool 7 24 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc AC Coupled RMS AC Coupled RMS Description Displays the RMS value of the AC component of a waveform Measurement Category Levels Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog Dialog Box Fields Category List All Levels category items appear below the Signal field Select the AC Coupled RMS tem and any other items you want to measure AC Coupled RMS Calculation The AC coupled RMS value of a waveform is calculated as follows 4 x2 1 2 ala In this calculation W represents the wavefor
168. oint can be shown on the graph using the Measure Results dialog box Bandwidth Calculated as fHigh fLow Q quality factor Calculated by dividing fCenter frequency center by the bandwidth CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 31 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Bandwidth Measurement Leve 7 32 Example topline dB v fCenter 1094 9 i i i i i i i i i i Measurement tool ie EE os displays bandwidth bandwidth 298 74 Bandwidth Multi Member Waveform Options Create New waveform on Active Graph or New Graph Creates a new waveform in the Active Graph or in a New Graph to display the results Bandwidth vs _run or vary_parameter Creates a scatter plot or analog waveform with Bandwidth values Y axis versus each Monte Carlo run X axis or Vary parameter value X axis fLow vs _run or vary parameter Creates a scatter plot or analog waveform with low frequency values Y axis versus each Monte Carlo run X axis or Vary parameter value X axis fCenter vs _run or vary_parameter Creates a scatter plot or analog waveform with center frequency values Y axis versus each Monte Carlo run X axis or Vary parameter value X axis fHigh vs _run or vary parameter Creates a scatter plot or analog waveform with high frequency values Y axis versus each Monte Carlo run X axis or Vary parameter value X axis CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 200
169. old the right mouse button The Axis menu is displayed Move the mouse cursor to the Range gt Zoom In item and release the mouse button Place the mouse cursor over one of the axes or over an axis name in the legend Press and hold the right mouse button The Axis menu is displayed Move the mouse cursor to the Attributes gt Zoom In icon and release the mouse button Zooming Out Zooming out on a graph decreases magnification to show less detail but more of the graphed information There are several ways to zoom out on a graph Use the Graph gt Zoom Out item in the Pulldown menu bar to zoom out on the center of a graph CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 6 5 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 6 Graph Window Operation Single click on the Zoom Out icon in the con bar to his zoom out on the center of a graph Use the Zoom Out item from the Graph popup menu to zoom out on the center of a graph Place the mouse cursor over one of the axes or over an axis name in the legend Press and hold the right mouse button The Axis menu is displayed Move the mouse cursor to the Range gt Zoom Out item and release the mouse button Place the mouse cursor over one of the axes or over an axis name in the legend Press and hold the right mouse button The Axis menu is displayed Move the mouse cursor to the Attributes gt Zoom Out icon and release the mouse button Zooming to Fit Zooming to fit display
170. on of the file contains columns of values The first column reflects the value of the independent variable The remaining columns contain the dependent value s for each signal in thesame order as they appear in the header session NULL is used in the column when there is no dependent value for the respective independent value for the signal If the data type of a waveform is complex where you may use different conventions to express that complex data CosmosScope provides several choices The following list provides examples of the possible formats Note no space is allowed before or after the or 2 3 j or 2 3 244 or 24 3 2 3 or 2 j3 2 j 3j or 3j j3 or j 3 Sample ASCII Import File A sample ascii import file format is shown below the three elements on each line are separated by either a space or tab t si v_dock v_clock A n_1 V 0 004 0 012 12 B 4 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Sample ASCII Import File 0 004 0 0 0 00400001 00 0 00400011 00 0 0045 0 0 0 0045 0 012 12 0 00450001 0 012 12 0 00450011 0 012 12 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 B 5 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter B ASCII File Export and Import B 6 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Index A AC Coupled RMS 7 25 Accessing the Measurement Tool 7 2 Accessing the Signal Manager 5 2 Amplit
171. ope Menus Reference 4 42 Attributes Opens an AimDraw Attributes dialog box This dialog box allows you to change the characteristics of the selected graphic object such as color line width fill font etc Each graphic object has a slightly different Attributes dialog box Rotate Allow you to rotate a graphic object 90 180 or 270 degrees Flip Allow you to mirror image a graphic object horizontally by choosing the Up Down item or vertically by choosing the Left Right item Back Lowers a graphic to the bottom of a stack of objects Front Raises a graphic to the top of a stack of objects Delete Permanently deletes the graphic that the AimDraw popup menu is acting on CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 5 Signal Manager The Signal Manager is a tool for managing the signals generated by a design analysis The Signal Manager allows you to open plotfiles filter out unwanted signals place signals into a CosmosScope graph window and place signals into the Calculator The Signal Manager is described in the following topics e Accessing the Signal Manager e Opening a Plotfile HSPICE Sweep Filtering e Searching Multiple Plotfiles for Signals e Signal Manager Dialog Box e Signal Manager Menus e Signal Manager Buttons e Signal Manager Plotfile Window CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 5 1 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 5 Sig
172. osmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc This can also be done with the Edit gt Cut Copy Paste calculator pull down menu entry This can also be done with the Edit gt Cut Copy Paste pulldown menu item 9 7 Chapter 9 CosmosS cope Quick Reference Hot Keys Some operations have shortcut keystroke equivalents hot keys The following table lists these hot keys Hot Key Function Ctrl o Open design Ctrl a Open new graph window Ctrl Del Close current graph window Ctrl 1 Iconify current graph window Ctrl f Zoom to fit Ctri z Zoom in Ctrl 5 Zoom out 9 8 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc File Types Supported by CosmosS cope File Types Supported by CosmosScope Plotfile PLA wab Amp vcd al_ pl spl EX ac ETES SW m 0 9a z Xp dump pwdb ai_graph graph def CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 hb NE OL EXE CSV S P s 0 9 0 9 ai_awd fsdb SER pn jt Description Saber Simulator Plot Files Saber Simulator Plot Files from versions preceeding release 5 0 HSPICE Transient simulation output files HSPICE AC simulation output files HSPICE FFT simulation output files HSPICE DC simulation output files HSPICE measurement files Star SimXT Plot Files Verilog VCD Files Note
173. owing frequency as a function of time 7 82 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Mean Mean Description Displays the mean value of a waveform Measurement Category Statistics Type of Measured Waveform Scatter plot histogram analog event driven analog Dialog Box Fields Category List All Statistic category items appear below the Signal field Select the Mean and other items you want to measure Mean Calculation The mean value of a waveform is calculated as follows N 1 Xx Wi N laa J In this calculation N is the number of points and array W contains the individual points of the waveform CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 83 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Mean 3 std_dev Example s _run Rise out s Measurement tool displays a stationary horizontal line with moveable text _run Mean 3 std_dev Description Displays the mean 30 value of a waveform Measurement Category Statistics Type of Measured Waveform Scatter plot histogram analog event driven analog Dialog Box Fields Category List All Statistic category items appear below the Signal field Select the Mean 3 std_dev item and any other items you want to measure Mean 3 std dev Calculation The value is calculated as mean 36 wheremean is the mean value and o is the standard deviation 7 84 CosmosS cope Reference Manual
174. ox in the right column the different values that are available from executing the bandwidth measurement e Click on the various visibility indicators to choose which values are displayed in the Graph window f When you have finished exploring the Measure Results dialog box close it 6 To dose CosmosScope select the File gt Exit menu item This concludes the tutorial for analyzing Saber Simulator results 2 6 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 3 Tutorial Viewing HSPICE Results In this tutorial you use CosmosScope to view the analysis results from the simulation of a single stage amplifier design This tutorial is divided into the following topics e Setting up the Design Data e Viewing HSPICE Transient Analysis Waveforms e Viewing AC Analysis Waveforms e Performing Measurements on a HSPICE Waveform Setting up the Design Data Analysis results from a simple transistor amplifier have been created for you using the HSPICE transient and AC simulators for use with this tutorial You will create a directory and then make a copy of the example as follows 1 Create a directory called synopsys_tutorial 2 Navigate to the new synopsys_tutorial directory 3 Copy theinstall home examples Saber CScope hspice_amp directory tothe synopsys_tutorial directory UNIX cp r install home examples Saber CScope hspice_amp install_ homeis the location where your s
175. ox Fields Location You can specify a Y value to place a moveable horizontal Optional line on the waveform If you do not specify one a default Y Value value is computed CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Imaginary Example Measurement tool Y 1 827 displays a moveable v e horizontal line and corresponding Y axis value Imaginary Description Displays the imaginary value of a point on a waveform Measurement Category Frequency Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog must be complex Dialog Box Fields X Value Optional You can provide an X value and the tool will provide the Y value at that coordinate If you do not specify the X value a default is used Imaginary Calculation The imaginary value of a waveform is the imaginary part of a complex argument If there is no complex part then the value 0 0 is returned CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 63 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc IP2 Example topline dB v f Hz out imag 1454 5 dB v Measurement tool displays Imaginary value T T T T T f Hz IP2 Description For a nonlinear system with an ouput and two fundamental excitation frequencies f1 and f2 the second order Intercept Point is the point on a set of PowerOut PowerOut1 and PowerOut2 versus Powerl n curves at which a line extrapolated from PowerOut1 with a slope of 1 and a line with a slope
176. pe Text txt and specify a path and file name NOTE You can se ect only one plotfile at a time An AIM command could be used directly by specifying the plotfile handle and file name path in the format ScopeSigMgr SaveAsText pfHandle path For example ScopeSigMgr SaveAsText PF 1 home usr single_amp txt Import Scope allows import of an ASCII file with an extension of txt or csv Toimport your file select the CosmosScope File gt Open gt Plotfiles Set the Files of Type setting to Text Excel txt csv Navigate browse to the desired file The ASCII file you specify may have been generated from CosmosScope via the export process described above or one you have generated via another means provided it follows the required format described below The imported B 2 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Import file must include two parts the waveform Descriptor Header and the waveform data Waveform Descriptor Header The header contains each waveform s x axis name and unit y axis name and unit the waveform type and the data type The header is a string of nwfs 1 elements where nwfs provides the total number of waveforms Dependent Variables plus one Independent variable element Each header element sub string is delineated by a separator The five options for separators are y and Only one separator can be use
177. ph gt Selected Signals Menu Option Rs 4 29 Selected Signals gt Stack Region Menu Item 4 29 Selected Signals gt Color Menu Item 4 30 Selected Signals gt Style Menu Item 4 30 Selected Signals gt Line Width AA 4 30 Selected Signals gt Symbol Menu Irem 4 31 Selected Signals gt Symbol Size Menu Item 4 31 Selected Signals gt View Menu Item 4 31 Selected Signals gt Signal Grid Menu Item 4 31 Selected Signals gt Trace Height Menu Item 4 32 Selected Signals gt Digital Display Menu ltem 4 32 Selected Signals gt Create BUS Menu Item 4 32 Selected Signals gt Convert TofDtotal 4 33 Selected Signals gt Delete Signals Menu Item 4 33 Graph gt Selected Graphics Menu Option 4 34 Graph gt ont Menu Option ronca cite 4 34 Graph gt Color Map Menu Option ins 4 34 Graph gt Legend Menu Option LR 4 34 Graph gt M atch Aspect Ration Menu Opttonm 4 35 Graph gt Rename Window Title Menu Option 4 35 Graph gt Clear Graph urna ad 4 35 Tools Pulldown Menu Op O Sii 4 35 Window Pulldown Menu Options 4 35 Help Pulldown Menu Options sn 4 36 CosmosScope Popup Menus nro 4 36 Trace Popup MA e 4 37 Graph Popup Me ads 4 37 AXIS POPUP MENU EE 4 39 Signal Popup Mente EEN 4 39 Measure Popup Menu inner 4 40 AimDraw Popup M nU WEE 4 41 Chapter 5 Signal Manager Re 5 1 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Table Of Contents Accessing the Signal Manager 5 2 Openinga P OM EE 5 2 HSPICE Sweep Fl ne DE
178. ph region specified by the number n Selected Signals gt Color Menu Item Allows you to choose one of the available signal colors Selected Signals gt Style Menu Item Displays several line styles Selecting None causes the signal line to disappear If the signal is also represented by symbols the symbols will still be displayed Selected Signals gt Line Width Allows you to change the line width of the signals ob WN ta 4 30 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Graph Pulldown Menu Options Selected Signals gt Symbol Menu Item Displays several symbol styles Selecting None causes the symbols to disappear If the signal is also represented by a line the line will still be displayed o e X OPO00 Selected Signals gt Symbol Size Menu Item Allows you to change the size of displayed symbols 4 6 10 16 24 Selected Signals gt View Menu Item Allows you to change the display of selected signals Horizontal Value changes the X axis horizontal axis plot of selected signals based on different X axis and Y axis parameters Vertical Value changes the Y axis vertical axis plot of selected graph regions AC signals will have the option to change the display to a Nyquist plot Bode dB plot the vertical scale is represented in decibels Bode Ph phase plot the vertical scale is represented in degrees or a Nichols plot Monotonic Plot allows you to swi
179. played in the graph region or the name of the signal in the legend in order to highlight the signal Mouse response is not as quick as with the Legend only option Selecting the Legend only button allows you to put the mouse cursor on the name of the signal in the legend in order to highlight the signal Mouse response is quicker than with the Waveform and legend option CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 7 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference Signal Draw Feedback Sets how often the Redraw Status window is displayed The default number of data points before the Redraw Status window is displayed is 10 000 The higher the number of data points the fewer Redraw Status window updates are displayed and the faster the window is redrawn XY Tab Customizing specific to the XY type of graph is allowed through the XY Graph Specific fields Digital Trace Height field Changes the height of a digital signal in the trace graph region Analog Trace Height field Changes the height of an analog signal in the trace graph region Bus Display Default buttons Change the base numeric value radix of the value displayed in the trace graph region This option operates when digital signals are combined into a bus Trace Snap buttons Allow you to turn the trace snap for the digital markers on or off When On the digital marker will snap to the nearest state change When Off the digital marker can be
180. pply Eye Diagram measurement e A reference signal can be used to define when data is acquired from the output signal and will be include in the eye diagram for calculation This is the default way A time base start x value and end x value are specified by user This is called Ideal trigger Eye Diagram 7 48 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc EyeDiagram Example option 1 The Eye Diagram Measurement dialog box as shown in the following figure can be accessed by choosing the Tools gt Measurement gt Time Domain gt Eye Diagram menu tem Measurement E tip es E Reference signal DEE ps periodic time Trigger on both signal Sgan aam ke rise and fall transitions Hed Data Reference signal level Thap Hass iu j De when eye diagram data Ter A JU NM JM acquisition begins Trigger only on soral a ul rise transitions eal ye pairi i O lali aa Apply Hensuremeat do Trigger only on signal Baker Bravei fall transitions she V m Y ra erg Se O Gees Field names in the Eye Diagram Measurement dialogue e Time Base ndicates the time period elected for the reference signal e Trigger Value Indicates at what level the reference signal is set when data begins to accumulate e Trigger Specifies that the measurement trigger can start from either a rising state only a fall state only or both signal rise and fall state transitions The eye diagram
181. r The routine WEX_NextParameterValue steps the waveform record to the next parameter value Pcl_Interp interp wfrec wf_data CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc EXTERN int WfX_NextParameterValue A 13 Appendix A External Waveform Database AP Compiling and Linking the Database Access Package dll To compile a Database Access Package d11 written in the C programming language on an NT system complete the following steps 1 Include a header in the routine exactly as shown below where package is the name of your routine __declspec dllexport int package_Init Tcl_Interp interp 2 Execute the following commands cl MD D WIN32 c package c link SABER_HOME lib libai_tcl lib SABER_HOME lib libai_aimtcl lib dll package obj On a Solaris system to compile a Database Access Package 411 written in the C programming language complete the following steps 1 Compile the source in this example fmt1 c by executing the following cc K PIC I SSABER_HOME include c fmtl c o fmtl o 2 Create a shareable library by executing the following ld G o fmtl so fmtl o 3 Tointeractively load the package invoke CosmosScope and use the Command Line tool to enter the following aim load fmtl exact See the next section Loading the Database Access Package for a method to load the pa
182. raph Click on the associated arrow button to expand the list of available graphs and select the one you want If more than one signal is selected on the active graph the most recently selected signal is used for the measurement Measurement Edit Help O Click here to display the list of available graphs Measurement Gain Margin Al Active Graph Grapho Signal aout Amplitude O Click here to display the list of signals on the active Apply Close Defaults graph or click on the desired signal in the active graph Setting the Range of a Measurement The Apply Measurement to field provides two range choices for most measurements e Click on one of the range choices for each measurement performed Apply Measurement to The measurement is applied to the entire Entr Wavatonn waveform regardless of what is viewed Visible X and Y range only The measurement is applied only to the the X and Y range that is displayed on the graph Creating a New Waveform of Measurement Results The result of some measurements produce other waveforms especially with multi member waveforms The Create New Waveform in Active Graph field allows you the option of creating the new waveform in the active graph or creating a new graph to display the results Click on the downward pointing arrow to display your options 7 8 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys
183. relative to a default or specified topline level and a specified offset 7 124 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Stopband Measurement Category Frequency Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog Dialog Box Fields Reference If you want to see the topline and or offset level displayed on Levels the waveform click on the Visibility Indicator to the right of the Topline or Offset field Topline You set this field to a default or a specified level Offset You specify an offset value to be applied relativetothe Topline value The default is 3 You must also choose which operator to use or along with the specified level The default is the minus sign This resulting level is also called the measurement level Example topline dr eses Ve peer Measurement Level Contar 1661 8 0 f Hz CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 125 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Threshold at Y Threshold at Y Description Displays the x axis values at a particular y value on the waveform Measurement Category General Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog scatter plot Possible Errors An error is reported if the waveform never crosses the measurement level Dialog Box Fields Y value You can optionally supply a y value or a default will be Cal culated Trigger Specifies that the slope of th
184. resented in Hertz e dB x uses the decibels of the x value of a signal as the Y axis e Real y plots the real value of the Y axis e dB y plots the Y axis in decibels e Mag y plots the magnitude of the Y axis value e Imag y plots the Y axis in imaginary terms e Phase y deg plots the Y axis values e Phase y rad plots the Y axis in terms of phase in radian units e CPhase y deg plots the Y axis in terms of continuous phase in degree units e CPhase y rad plots the Y axis in terms of continuous phase in radian units e dBm y plots the Y axis values in decibels times 1 000 e dBu y plots the Y axis values in decibels times 1 000 000 Horizontal Axis Options e Real x plots the real value of the X axis e dB x plots the X axis values in decibels e Real y uses the real Y values of a signal as the X axis of the graph region For example if the Y axis is represented in volts the X axis will also be represented in volts 4 16 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Graph Pulldown Menu Options e dB y plots the X axis in Y axis terms and decibels For example if the Y axis is represented in volts the X axis will be represented in volts and decibels e Mag y plots the magnitude of the Y axis value e Imag y plots the X axis in imaginary Y axis terms For example if the Y axis is represented in volts the X axis will be represented in imaginary volts e Phase
185. rforming Measurements on an HSPICE Waveform seeren 3 4 Chapter A CosmosScope Menus Reference AAA 4 1 File Pulldown Menu Options 4 1 FUESN OW morii os cate call ea re ire eee eae eta nee 4 2 PEO A A del Meena aaa i 4 2 A O 4 2 A ebe Ee berg 4 2 File gt Export MA aida 4 3 el Ee it elle EE 4 3 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 5 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Table Of Contents le Lal 4 4 USSR EIN OF ane a ent a ea 4 4 ne shinee eege 4 4 Edit Pulldown Menu Op Susi 4 4 Le Le 4 4 Cut Copy Paste Delete iii i 4 4 Graph ER EE 4 5 E KL EE 4 5 Signal Taca 4 6 Display Ta io E 4 6 E GE 4 8 Scope Preferences ee A AE 4 10 Reader Ta A Ee 4 10 Sighal Manager Tabb ias 4 10 Measurement TDi 4 11 Graph Pulldown Menu Options ns 4 12 PO Re dd E 4 12 DEE ee 4 12 Graph gt Annotate I nfo Menu Optton 4 12 Graph gt Zoom Menu ODTONS iaa 4 12 Graph gt Signal Attributes Menu Option 4 13 Signal Attributes View Axis Options 4 16 Vertical Axis Options 4 16 Horizontal Axis Options 4 16 Graph gt Axis Attributes Menu Option Rs 4 18 Graph gt M embers Menu Option 4 21 Graph gt M easure Results Menu Optton 4 23 Graph gt Waveform Compare Menu Option 4 26 Graph gt Signal Search Menu Option 4 26 Graph gt Selected Axes Menu Option ss 4 26 PRIN O 4 26 le EP E 4 27 AS a de eo 4 27 o E 4 27 6 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Table Of Contents Lock Mete asa 4 28 Gra
186. rohibited It is the reader s responsibility to determine the applicable regulations and to comply with them Disclaimer SYNOPSYS INC AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Registered Trademarks 6 Synopsys AMPS Arcadia C Level Design C2HDL C2V C2VHDL Cadabra Calaveras Algorithm CATS CSim Design Compiler DesignPower DesignWare EPIC Formality HSPICE Hypermodel I iN Phase in Sync Leda MAST Meta Meta Software ModelAccess ModelTools NanoSim OpenVera PathMill Photolynx Physical Compiler PowerMill PrimeTime RailMill Raphael RapidScript Saber SiVL SNUG SolvNet Stream Driven Simulator Superlog System Compiler Testify TetraMAX TimeMill TMA VCS Vera and Virtual Stepper are registered trademarks of Synopsys Inc Trademarks abraCAD abraMAP Active Parasitics AFGen Apollo Apollo II Apollo DPII Apollo GA ApolloGAII Astro Astro Rail Astro Xtalk Aurora AvanTestchip AvanWaves BCView Behavioral Compiler BOA BRT Cedar ChipPlanner Circuit Analysis Columbia Columbia CE Comet 3D Cosmos CosmosEnterprise CosmosLE CosmosScope CosmosSE Cyclelink Davinci DC Expert DC Expert Plus DC Professional DC Ultra DC Ultra Plus Design Advisor Design Analyzer Design Vision DesignerHDL DesignTime DFM Workbench DFT Compil
187. s license Creating a Database Reader The following steps must be completed to create a database reader Include the include file formatApi h provided with the External Waveform Database API Define the initialization routine and assign member routines to the format structure in the initialization routine Create member routines CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 A 1 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Appendix A External Waveform Database API Define Initialization Routine When the database reader is loaded the initialization routine must call the routine PfFormat_CreateExternalFormat This routine registers the new format To define the initialization routine you must complete the following steps 1 Assign the format name and file extension 2 Assign member routine names tothe Pf_Format structure Guidelines for creating the member routines are provided in the next section 3 Call the PfFormat_CreateExternalFormat routine The Pf Format structure and PfFormat_CreateExternalFormat routine are shown below struct Pf_Format char name char extension fFormat_GetFormatAttProc getFormatAttProc fFormat_OpenContainerProc openContainerProc fFormat_CloseContainerProc closeContainerProc fFormat_GetWaveformAttProc getWaveformAttProc P P P PfFormat_GetContainerAttProc getContainerAttProc P P fFFormat_CreateWaveformProc createWaveformProc Pf Format voi
188. s The actual units of the scale are not changed e To change the axis label type the name of the signal in the Axis Label field e Click the Apply button to display the new name in the graph window Close Button Exits the dialog box and returns you to the work surface 4 20 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Graph Pulldown Menu Options Graph gt Members Menu Option This Graph menu option opens the Member Attributes dialog box if a graph window containing multiple members is open This allows you to control the display of a signal consisting of multiple members such as those generated by Vary or Monte Carlo data analysis You can show all members or an individual member hide all members or an individual member show all member labels or an individual member label and loop through all members of the signal highlighting each member individually Show All Members Hide All Show All Labels Loop Highlight Single Colored Rainbow Colored GR Label List Visibility Indicators Highlight Rate Slider gt Label Orientation Buttons Close Button CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 21 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference 4 22 Label List Signal Field Visibility Indicator Color indicator Show All Members Button Show All Labels Button Displays the label associated with
189. s The Log button displays the selected axis scale in logarithmic increments Allows you to change the resolution of the axis scale If you selected Linear for Scale you will set the Grid Increment If you selected Log for Scale you will set Exponent Increment and Grids Increment e Grid Increment Sets the unit difference between labeled grids for a linear scale For example inserting 20u for a time scale will set each grid marking 20usec apart This setting is also used by the Nice Ticks option in the Axes Zoom field of the Graph Preference dialog box the XY tab Exponent Increment Sets the unit difference between labeled grids for a log scale For example inserting 1 for a frequency scale will set each grid marking exponentially apart 10 100 1000 etc Grids Increment Sets the number of unlabeled subdivisions between grids for a log scale CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 19 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference Number of Tick Allows you to change the number of gradations Subdivisions Field ticks between grid increments e To change the number of gradations type in the number of ticks you want displayed and single click on the Apply button Grid Visibility Field Toggles the grid display The Show button turns the axis grid in the active graph window on The Hide button turns the axis grid off Axis Label Field Allows you to change the label of the axi
190. s the maximum number of data points to show the entire range of a signal There are several ways to zoom to fit 6 6 Use the Graph gt Zoom to Fit item in the Pulldown menu bar Single click on the Zoom to Fit icon in the con bar Use the Zoom to Fit item in the Graph popup menu Place the mouse cursor over one of the axes or over an axis name in the legend Press and hold the right mouse button The Axis menu is displayed Move the mouse cursor to the Range gt Zoom to Fit item and release the mouse button Place the mouse cursor over one of the axes or over an axis name in the legend Press and hold the right mouse button The Axis menu is displayed Move the mouse cursor to the Attributes gt Zoom to Fit icon and release the mouse button CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Panning Panning Panning allows you to view parts of the data that are not visible on the current graph There are several ways to pan Left click on either the X or the Y axis Use the Graph gt Selected Axes gt Range gt Pan Right Left Up Down items in the Pulldown menu bar Place the mouse cursor on either the X or Y axis Press and hold the middle mouse button and move the cursor The axis will pan with the mouse cursor Release the button and the signal will snap tothe new axis coordinates Place the mouse cursor inside of a graph region Press and hold the middle mouse button and move the mo
191. se cursor to the aout signal name associated with the Phase deg f Hz plot The aout signal name and the waveform change color b Press and hold the right mouse button to bring up the Signal Menu c Select the Delete Signal item Dothe following to see how you can plot additional waveforms to the Graph window a Fromthesingle_amp tr ai_pl Plot File window plot the aout and in signals Two new waveforms are added to the graph window b Delete the in and aout waveforms when you have finished viewing them Look attheaout dB V Hz dB in volts versus frequency in Hertz waveform in the Graph window From the waveform you can see that the gain is about 10dB from about 2000 Hz to 300 kHz The next part of this tutorial uses the Measurement Tool on this waveform to get some accurate readings on the gain and the frequency response CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 2 3 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 2 Tutorial Viewing Saber Simulator Results Performing Measurements on a Waveform The Measurement Tool allows you to perform various measurements on a waveform Check the bandwidth and gain of the single stage amplifier output signal aout as follows 1 Usethe Close buttons on the Plot File windows and the Signal Manager dialog box to close them 2 In the Tool Bar located at the bottom of the CosmosScope window click the Measurement icon So The Measurement dialog box appears 3
192. splays the behavior of a waveform cyde during a specific period of time Eye Mask Time Domain Display the maximum width and height of an eye diagram opening Falltime Time Domain Displays the falltime of a waveform Frequency Time Domain Displays the frequency of a periodic waveform Gain Margin Frequency Displays the gain margin in dB of a Domain complex waveform Highpass Frequency Displays the corner frequency of a Domain waveform with a highpass shape Statistics Displays a histogram of a waveform Horizontal General Displays a moveable horizontal line to Level identify Y axis levels Imaginary F requency Displays the imaginary value of a point on Domain a waveform IP2 RF Display Input Output Second Order Intercept Point 1 0 IP 2 IP3 SFDR RF Display Input Output Third Order Intercept Point I O 1P 3 or Spurious F ree Dynamic Range SFDR CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 3 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 7 Measurement Tool 7 4 Measurement Category Description Length General Displays the length of a straight line that connects two X axis points on a waveform Local Max Min General Displays the local maximum or minimum point on a waveform Lowpass Frequency Displays the corner frequency of a Domain waveform with a lowpass shape Magnitude Frequency Displays the magnitude of a point on a Domain waveform Maximum Levels and Displays th
193. ss and hold the right mouse button CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 37 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference To activate an item in the Graph popup menu e Placethe mouse cursor over the item you wish to open and release the right mouse button 4 38 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc CosmosS cope Popup Menus Axis Popup Menu To open the Axis popup menu e Place the mouse cursor over an axis or axis name e Then press and hold the right mouse button The Axis popup menu allows you to manipulate the horizontal and vertical scales of the axes in the graphs Attributes dialog box Allows you to select an axis zoom pan change the unit scale factor change the scale to linear or logarithmic change grid increments toggle the axis grid and edit the axis label Range menu Allows you to perform zooming and panning Scale menu Allows you to display the axis scale in Linear or Log increments Display Grid button Turns the axis grid for the selected axis on or off Display range slider Button displays or hides the X axis slider bar You have the option of using this slider bar to pan along the X axis of a graph Lock out new signals button Does not allow signals to be added to the same axis even if they have the same units Signal Popup Menu To open the Signal popup menu e Place the mouse cursor over the signal or signa
194. surement to snap to one of those nearest points If there is no visible measurement on the active graph from which to snap an error message is displayed Refer to the Point Marker Example Floating Generates moveable anchor points that can be positioned anywhere within the graph See the example You can optionally specify two X values that are used to determine the Y value difference See the Example Optional value You can change it by moving the anchor point after the initial measurement is made Optional value You can change it by moving the anchor point after the initial measurement is made CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Example Example measure shows anchor points that snap to Floating Move anchor points to display other Delta Y values Delta Y 1 7586 X1 Level X2 Level Dpu Description Displays the number of defects per unit of a scatter plot waveform Measurement Category Statistics Type of Measured Waveform Scatter plot Dialog Box Fields Category List All Statistic category items appear below the Signal field Select the Dpu item and any other items you want to measure Specification Limits Required values you provide Upper Specifies upper measurement limit Lower Specifies lower measurement limit CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Dpu 7 45 Duty Cyd e Exampl
195. t Button Deselects highlighted signals in the signal list Close Button Closes the plotfile window The plotfiles remain listed CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 5 15 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 5 Signal Manager Plotfiles Dialog Box Use Notes Signal Containers e Within the Plotfile dialog box Signal List signal containers are always preceded by a or a and contain sets of related signals A indicates that the signal container is open and related signals are displayed beneath it A indicates that the signal container is closed and no signals are displayed To open a signal container double click on the container with the left mouse button To select signals for placement into the graph window e Place the mouse cursor over the signal and single click the left mouse button Any number of signals can be selected To unselect a signal e Place the mouse cursor over the highlighted signal and single click the left mouse button To place the highlighted signals into the active graph window e Single click on the Plot button or double click on the highlighted signal or use the middle mouse button to paste the signals into the desired graph region To display signal containers or individual signals in the Signal List e Type the name in the Filter field and press the Return key on your work station keyboard If you want to display all signals and containers e Delete all entries in the Filter fi
196. t Pulldown Menu Options Grid Visibility Display The options to set the background grid Default configuration are e Display Specify whether to Hide or Show the background grid Default is Hide e Line Style Select solid dashed or dotted grid lines Default is Dashed e Line Width Allows you to set the width of the grid line Default is 1 e Line Color Allows you to set the color of the grid line Default is White Signal Name Default When Leaf is selected the signal name in the legend will be displayed as the last text string after the last slash when the signal nameis a long path name When Full Path is selected the entire path name will be displayed Signal Line Width Default Sets the default signal line width Default multi member signal Sets the color mode for multi member signals color display In Single Colored mode all the member curves have the same color In Rainbow Colored mode the member curves may have multiple colors Dynamic Waveform Display Turn on the Dynamic Waveform Display feature by clicking On and enter the interval in seconds desired for continuously updating the displayed waveform while a simulation is continuing torun Open Dynamic Socket Setting this to ON will allow updates to the graph display via the socket from a simulator running in debug mode Signal Highlight On e Selecting the Waveform and legend button allows you to put the mouse cursor on either the signal dis
197. t file is lost In the second case the connection to the plot is maintained Thus if the graph is reopened it can be automatically updated due to any Replace or Append plot actions specified for the plot filein an analysis The Save Outline dialog box allows you to specify a path and file name for an outline In addition a Graph Outline popup dialog box allows you to specify several attributes for the saved outline You can select whether or not to maintain the connection to the plot filein the same way as for a graph outline You control this by checking or unchecking the Dependencies checkbutton on the Graph Outline dialog box The File gt Save gt Plotfile txt menu choice allows you to save the selected waveforms into a text file 4 2 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc FilePulldown Menu Options File gt Export Image This option opens an Export Image dialog box which allows you to export the contents of an editor window to a file in a variety of graphics formats CosmosScope can create graphics files in the following formats PNG png Portable Network Graphics JPEG jpg jpeg TIFF tiff tif Tagged I nterchange Format XPM xpm X Window Pixel map PCL5 pcl5 HPGL2 hpgl2 HP Graphics Language Postscript ps eps AutoCad DXF axf CGM BMP EMF cgm Computer Graphics Metafile bmp PC Windows Bitmap emf in Windows NT only
198. t is also available When selecting a signal or signals from a graph region measurement results of X and Y for the first point X and Y for the second point and DeltaX DeltaY Lenth and Slope values Example i Grapho l Ol xl Graphi Alea Su Y 1 5 1525 22004844 Ye 4 5056 Deltan f Deltai USE 00 Zu Au Gu tis 7 110 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Pulse Width Pulse Width Description Displays the pulse width of a waveform relative to default or specified topline and baseline levels Measurement Category Time Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog event driven analog digital Dialog Box Fields Reference Thefollowing two fields set the topline and baseline levels Levels for the measured signal and the corresponding reference signal You can display any of these levels on the waveform by clicking on the corresponding Visibility Indicator to the right of each field Topline Specify a topline value or use the default value Baseline Specify a baseline value below the topline value or use the default value Pulse Type JL Specifies that the measurement should find positive pulses LL Specifies that the measurement should find negative pulses Create New Pulse Width vs t Waveform on Active A new waveform is computed with the pulse width Graph or New values y axis versus time x axis See Example 2 Graph CosmosS cope Reference
199. t results to a text file Annotate Info Brings up a Text Variables dialog box The Text Variables dialog box allows you to view information on the displayed signals and to insert that information into the graph window Stack Region Color Style Line Width Symbol Symbol Size View Trace Height Digital Display Convert to Digital These menu options operate in the same manner as the menu options previously described under the CosmosScope Graph gt Selected Signals menu Burst Bus Expands a bus into discrete digital signals Contract Bus Contracts the extracted bus The inverse of Burst Bus Signal Grid Toggles the signal grid on selected signals This applies to digital signals To Time Domain Converts a frequency domain signal to a steady state time domain signal Front Places the selected signal at the front of a stack of overlapping signals for display Delete Signal Deletes a highlighted signal If the deleted signal is the only signal in the graph region the whole graph region is deleted as well Measure Popup Menu 4 40 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc CosmosS cope Popup Menus To open the Measure popup menu e Place the mouse cursor over the Measurement marker e Then press and hold the right mouse button The Measure popup menu allows you to open the Measure Results dialog box hide measurement values lower a measurement label tothe bottom of a stack o
200. tch to plot of selected signals between monotonic mode and normal mode Selected Signals gt Signal Grid Menu Item CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 31 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference This features allows you to add a grid for selected digital signals Select one or more signals from the graph window then select the Signal Grid Menu item Selected Signals gt Trace Height Menu Item Valid for digital or analog signals displayed in the Digital Trace graph region The Trace Height menu allows you to change the height of selected signals 1x 2x 4x 6x 16x Selected Signals gt Digital Display Menu Item Allows you to display logical information in numerical forms such as binary octal decimal hex double and stepped For decimal double and stepped display the selections unsigned One s Complement and Two s Complement are available Digital signals combined into a bus can be displayed as a doubled waveform POGSa5G505009 or as an analog stepped waveform Selected Signals gt Create Bus Menu ltem Takes multiple digital signals in the trace graph region and combines them into a single digital bus To use the Create Bus item you first need to have two or more digital signals that you want to combine into a bus e Hold the Shift button on the keyboard and select each signal with the left mouse button e Thefirst signal selected is the least signi
201. te Signal item Change the X axis attributes to display as a logarithmic waveform as follows a Tobring up the Axis Menu move the cursor to the X axis and click and hold the right mouse button b To bring up the Axis Attributes dialog box select the Attributes menu item c In the Scale field click the Log radio button The waveform should now look similar to a bell curve d Close the Axis Attributes dialog box Dothe following to see how you can plot additional waveforms to the Graph window a Fromtheamp Plot File window plot the v aout and v in signals Two new waveforms are added to the graph window b When you have finished viewing thev in andv aout waveforms that you just plotted in the previous step delete them as follows First move the cursor to the waveform name on the graph Then select the Signal Menu gt Delete Signal menu item by right clicking the mouse button Do this for each signal you want to delete CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 3 3 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 3 Tutorial Viewing HSPICE Results 8 Look atthe vdb aout dB V Frequency Hertz waveform in the Graph window From the waveform you can see that the gain is about 10dB from about 2000 Hz to 300 kHz The next part of this tutorial uses the Measurement Tool on this waveform to get some accurate readings on the gain and the frequency response Performing Measurements on an HSPICE Wavefor
202. ted with waveform WfX_AddNumberParameter interp wf parName parUnit parValNum parValues for 3 0 j lt parValNum j for i 0 i lt numpts i Get data for xval and yval and assign WfX_AddValue interp wf amp xval amp yval if j lt parValNum 1 WfX_NextParameterValu interp wf Interfaces to the routines provided to create and add points to parameterized waveforms are shown below WfX_AddNumberParameter The W X_AddNumberParameter routine is used to define a set of numeric parameter values for a waveform that are continuous EXTERN int WfX_AddNumberParameter cl_Interp interp wfrec wf_data char par_name char par_unit int par_argc double par_argv A 12 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc WfX_AddSetParameter Thewfx_AddSetParameter routine is used to define a set of numeric parameter values for a waveform that are discrete Pcl_Interp interp wfrec wf_data char par_name char par_unit int par_argc double par_argv WfX_AddStringParameter EXTERN int WfX_AddSetParameter Thewfx_AddStringParameter routine is used to define a set of string parameter values for a waveform that are discrete Pcl_Interp interp wfrec wf_data char par_name int par_argc char par_argv WfX_NextParameterValue EXTERN int WfX_AddStringParamete
203. the highlight from highlighted signals in displayed plot file windows Signal Manager Signal Filter Field Enter your filtering pattern in the Signal Filter field from the adjoining pulldown select whether the pattern denotes a set to be Shown Hidden Selected or Deselected Choosing the acdtion causes it to be applied to the signals or containers matching the filter pattern in all plot files In addition you may set a Cumulative mode With Cumulative turned off the default mode each action on a set of signals or containers denoted by the filter pattern implies that signals or containers not matching the filter pattern have the reverse operation applied to them For example if you enter v asa filter pattern have Show as the action and Cumulative off all the v entries appear and other entries not matching that pattern disappear Again if the action had been Select all of the v entries would be highlighted selected and other entries not matching that pattern deselected 5 10 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Signal Manager Buttons Signal Manager Buttons The following buttons appear in the Signal Manager dialog box Open Plotfiles Brings up the Open Plotfiles dialog box allowing you to open new plotfiles You can also open plotfiles by using the File gt Open gt Plotfile item in the menu bar or by single clicking on the Open icon in the icon bar
204. ude 7 26 Analog Graph Region 6 10 AtX 7 27 Average 7 29 Bandwidth 7 30 Baseline 7 33 C Command Line Invocation and Options 1 2 Compiling and Linkingthe Database Access Package dll A 14 Cpk 7 34 Creating a Database Reader A 1 Crossing 7 35 D Damping Ratio 7 38 dB 7 39 Delay 7 40 Delta X 7 42 Delta Y 7 44 Displaying a Graph 6 2 Dpu 7 45 Duty Cyde 7 46 E Edit Pulldown Menu Options 4 4 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Eye Diagram 7 48 F Falltime 7 55 File Pulldown Menu Options 4 1 File Types Supported by CosmosScope 9 9 File gt Exit 4 4 Files Provided with the Saber Software A 16 Frequency 7 57 G Gain Margin 7 58 Graph Pulldown Menu Options 4 12 H Help Pulldown Menu Options 4 36 Highpass 7 59 Histogram 7 61 Horizontal Level 7 62 Hot Keys 9 8 How to Use the Measurement Tool 7 6 Icon Bar Icons 9 2 Imaginary 7 63 Invoking CosmosScope 1 2 K keyboard shortcuts 9 8 Index 1 Index Length 7 64 List of Measurement Operations 7 2 Loading the Database Access Package A 15 Local Max Min 7 76 Lowpass 7 79 M Magnitude 7 80 Managing Measurement Results 7 10 Maximum 7 81 Mean 7 83 Mean 3 std_dev 7 84 Mean 3 std_dev 7 85 Median 7 86 Minimum 7 87 Mouse Usage 9 6 Multi Member Waveform Measurements 7 12 N Natural Frequency 7 88 Nyquist Plot Frequency 7 89 O Opening a Plot File 1 3 Opening a Plotfile
205. uency with Powerln as a sweep parameter Dialog Box Fields Given on waveform PowerOut versus Powerln Dialog Gox Fields show PowerOut PowerOut versus Powerln curve Powerln Powerln value CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 97 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc P1dB Measurement Examples TE ml Ol xi dBm Watt pin dBm w Pr rloadh 1 Gain 13 018 dBm T co T P1dB 21 336 9 3181 60 0 Ea Eb E a a2 2B 60 0 50 0 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 0 00 10 0 pin dE miw Given one waveform PowerOut versus Frequency with Powerln as a sweep paramter the following Dialog Box Fields show PowerOut Waveform of PowerOut versus Frequency with Powerln as a sweep parameter Frequency to generate PowerOut verus Powerln curve Frequency CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 7 98 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc P1dB Measurement Example E Measurement PowerOut Pie Al Frequency 300meg Create Pout vs Pin CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 99 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc P1dB Measurement al Measurement al PowerQut At _200meg Pririoad Al ewe Can Please select Powerin value 50 0 47 499998959187 44 999996796571 42 300002311436 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 100 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc P1dB Measurement dBm Watt pin dBm w At_
206. ulse Width Time Domain Displays the pulse width of a waveform Quality Factor s Domain Displays the quality factor of a point on a waveform Range Statistics Displays the range of Y axis values covered by the waveform Frequency Displays the real value of a point on a Domain waveform Displays the risetime of a waveform Displays the RMS value of a waveform Settle Time Displays the settle time of a waveform Slew Rate Displays the slew rate of a waveform Slope Frequency Displays the slope optionally as a Domain and per octave or per decade value of a General waveform Standard Statistics Displays the standard deviation of a Deviation waveform Stopband Frequency Displays the stopband the low high or Domain center frequency or the level at which the measurement is made for a stopband shaped waveform Threshold at Displays the X axis values at a particular Y Y value on the waveform Topline Levels Displays the topline level of a waveform Undershoot Time Domain Displays the undershoot of a waveform CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 5 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 7 Measurement Tool Measurement Category Description Vertical Level General Displays a moveable vertical line to identify X axis levels Vertical Cursor General Displays a vertical cursor that spans different graphs for X value Y value and delta Y measurements
207. ure Results dialog box Measurement List CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 11 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 7 Measurement Tool The Measurement list displays all measurements that are active for a signal Measurement values for the selected measurement are displayed in the Status list Status List The Status list displays a list of measurement values associated with the selected measurement in the Measurement list Each value has a visibility indicator associated with it A visibility indicator shows the display status of a measurement value e Tochangethestate of the visibility indicator single dick the left mouse button e Anall black visibility indicator indicates that the measurement valueis not displayed e Anall green visibility indicator shows that the measurement value is displayed Signal Field The Signal field allows you to select any signal displayed in the graph window e Todisplay all available signals in the graph window single click with the left mouse button on the downward pointing arrow at the right of the Signal field While any signal in the graph window can be selected the Measure Results dialog box will not show any data for signals that have not been measured with the Measurement Tool Multi Member Waveform Measurements A multi member waveform is created as a result of a Vary or Monte Carlo simulation You must have installed either the nSpecs Parametric
208. use so that the axis scales move with it Release the mouse button and the waveform will snap to the new axis coordinates Left click on either the X or Y axis Use the Selected Axes gt Range gt Pan Right Left Up Down items in the Graph popup menu Place the mouse cursor over one of the axes or over an axis name in the legend Press and hold the right mouse button The Axis menu is displayed Move the mouse cursor to the Range gt Pan Right Left Up Down items and release the mouse button Place the mouse cursor over one of the axes or over an axis namein the legend Press and hold the right mouse button The Axis menu is displayed Move the mouse cursor to the Attributes gt Pan Right Left Up Down items and release the mouse button Press and hold the right mouse button on the X axis scale The Axis menu is displayed Move the mouse cursor to the Attributes item Use the Slider bar in the Range field to pan the view CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 6 7 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 6 Graph Window Operation Scroll Bars Scroll bars are automatically added to a graph window when the contents of the window cannot be completely displayed Slider You havethe option of using a Slider bar to pan along the X axis of the graph There are several ways to display the Slider bar e Left click on the X axis Use the Graph gt Selected Axes gt Sliders gt Show items in the Pulldown menu bar e Left cl
209. value a default is used Damping Ratio Calculation The damping ratio of a waveform is calculated as real magnitude value Example dB v f Hz out gt S poles Ka dampRatio 0 79306 zeros Im Hz O ES O Measurement tool displays Damping Ratio X T T T T T Re Hz CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc dB dB Description Displays the dB value on a point on a waveform Measurement Category Frequency Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog must be complex Dialog Box Fields X Value Optional You can provide an X value and the tool will provide the Y value at that coordinate If you do not specify the X value a default is used dB Calculation The dB of a point is calculated by returning 20 log of the absolute value of the point on the waveform Example 0 07 Phase deg f Hz out Measurement tool dB 2 0175 displays dBs 200 07 Phase deg 400 07 600 07 T T T T T CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 7 39 Copyright O 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Delay Delay Description Displays the delay between the edges of two waveforms relative to default or specified topline and baseline levels for both the measured waveform and the reference waveform The two waveforms do not need to be the same type but they must bein the same graph region It is assumed that the rising or falling edge on the ref
210. veform is then searched from the selected rising or falling edge to find the next edge of the same polarity The period is calculated as the difference in time between the middle crossings of the two edges Example 1 Example 1 shows that the circled portion of the waveform is not considered an edge since it does not fall below the lower level of the waveform Measured waveform with single period value topline GER upper f Measurement Not the end of a made with Peer ee cycle as it does tri ified not fall below the Ul a ids lower level middle 4 fF A f d Period 0 01999 A el E EE Ale baseline L 7 104 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Phase Example 2 7 7 s t s Period out T T T T Measured waveform with Measurement tool produces this waveform multiple period values showing period as a function of time Phase Description Displays the phase value on a point on a waveform Measurement Category Frequency Domain Type of Measured Waveform Analog must be complex Dialog Box Fields X Value Optional You can provide an x value and the tool will provide the y value at that coordinate If you do not specify the x value a default is used Units You can select radians or degrees as the units of m
211. vs _run button Each particular Y value Y axis that occurs at the X value of 0 020059 volts is plotted against the Monte Carlo run X axis that generates the Y value BD tt DN rn A A A A At 0 020059 out A GAS SEX d A m V 40 JA cB E haute A ile Be a M A AAA 0 0 50 0 100 0 _run 7 14 CosmosS cope Reference M anual Dec 2004 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Multi Member Waveform M easurements Example of Creating a Multi Member Histogram This histogram is generated by performing the At X measurement on a multi member waveform that contains 100 members In the Measurement dialog box you should click on the At X histogram button The number of occurrences Y axis is plotted against the Y values X axis found at the X value of 0 020059 volts 1 At_0 020059 out V count 20 0 Measurement done SEN at this X value 0 0 IIA on the out signal 3 0 3 5 4 0 At_0 020059 out V 5 0 Multi Member Count If you have either the InSpecs Parametric Analysis Option or the nSpecs Statistical Analysis Option installed and you are performing a measurement on a multi member waveform you can specify a location on a waveform where a measurement is taken You specify this location in the Measure Preferences dialog box in the Multi Member Count field The waveform location is specified as a count value For an example in the figure below
212. y deg plots the X axis in terms of phase in degree units e Phase y rad plots the X axis in terms of phase in radian units e CPhase y deg plots the X axis in terms of continuous phase in degree units e CPhase y rad plots the X axis in terms of continuous phase in radian units e Real YvsX plots the signal with the Y axis vertically and the X axis horizontally and in real terms e Real XvsY plots the signal with the X axis vertically and the Y axis horizontally and in real terms e dBm x plots the X axis values in decibels times 1 000 e dBu x plots the X axis values in decibels times 1 000 000 CosmosS cope Reference Manual Dec 2004 4 17 Copyright 1985 2004 Synopsys Inc Chapter 4 CosmosS cope Menus Reference Graph gt Axis Attributes Menu Option This option opens the Axis Attributes dialog box This dialog box allows you to select an axis zoom pan change the scale to linear or logarithmic change grid increments toggle the axis grid and edit the axis label Axis Field Range Fields Zoom In Button Zoom to Fit Button Zoom Out Button Zoom From To Field 4 18 Allows you to select and update any axis displayed in the graph window To display and select an available axes from the graph window click the left mouse button on the down arrow to the right of the Axis field These fields allow you to zoom and pan along the axis associated with the Axis field The field of view is displayed

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