MSAC: The LamBITGhini ECE298: Project 1
Contents
1. Ja 0 PAWWe sod 1017675 OZ ea bulalada y TN Jayjouquas 1 0 a7 A apos 3390 q 0 ejep puas Aod PUND at i Meug wo S10Suas 1 Pajealo 1 br E Muaug jeauyaaly i aaa DIAGRAMS APPENDIX C asar UOISSILISUEA ahessapy 4011615 Saben SALIAS Pupp Sue ssediaar Mosuas y noy Jaba ahessaw uo RIED Ja UJOUE O 4011815 ld abiessaLu ama auo LOA ahessaw NWSUEBI yno SAAD payjowuos Jana SIO EA ahessapy jo4juos 0 pa a sates AW Spel dad MPI EAr sasejd Sse dang Jasiri Mosuas Bu IpLAgud amod Mayeg ap Od pawe od MAKEN NVaSVIC LSVa Aejdsig ualbaes uo anjen eau pue g Uo oqu s papozap Aedsig AOH peog OWEN Od anad buvteydsig a Wo eE ll Wof z o Wof tl wo 0 anga kapu welodd Ag papozag ABE Ul palos syg M0H Jd Aad bu11035 pue buinwiaoay adliap Ayosuas yn JUBLUBACLY EUONISIDIUN SUE iso peog OWEN pue Id Buisn JOUJUOD Jasn enue Ja ou Nosuas jo 7 jasa UO anje poaa D Wol USPS 07 390 9 asnea ja y bl pue Josuas Usar aq ul bussed s330 8 cH ana uo syg uasanag YSINBUISIp je 49019 MOH sjosuas JB ypa abpug ssedaap azmag Mosuac Wed ada UDISSILUSUEJ abessayy sanad SSeaAg anag Alosuas ap yono anad UOISSILUSUBL abessayy buipuag paJJa SU84 si aessa Sd Ue ay NUN yg gau au Jo aunpasoud jeaday NIV ADVIG MO 131 IVNOIS indu JosUas ya War ou JES isuondo puro LU2. signal transfer and reading of the sensors independent of the speed of the car To ensure the reliability of the data collected by the light sensors and avoid its dependence on the car velocity a clock signal was attached to the bottom half of the Lego message package as a steady Lego block stream The transmitted data is then read at each positive clock edge thus allowing the transmitted data to be read independent of the speed of the car Hence our design is independent of timing and just depends on the change of signal with the clock An added feature of the design is that it displays the decoded transmitted character on the monitor of the receiving station as well as the hexadecimal value of the character on the seven segment display of the receiving Ultragizmo board Thus it can be seen that the proposed design not only meets ts required goals but also goes above and beyond and also has added features that make it unique The simplicity yet efficiency of the design make it a successful design PROJECT MANAGEMENT Initial testing of the car model showed that it lacked the necessary power required to drive a model of the first size more than 30cm in length On reducing the car s size and weight and also powering it by two motors instead of one the model was then found to function both precisely and reliably But with the clock signal it was found that the code was not being transmitted correctly at all times when the data was aligned
3. A osas WA UES 1331005 Mod peog CFE 3530 saap Auosuas pue uone ILA MIOS ayy ONITIOHLNOS SUG G 40 WAWIKELI Suu 219 EJA pl aA pasoa Jaana USINBUITSI 07 4202 e se pe 0 paupas C MAAA 2450 10 308 1412491 0010 4208 42018 OU 420 8 ON 3390 89 100137 abe a uo paseg pawbas z Aara 420419 0637 ou p y20 0687 43014 22814 24 2997 S2015 mau Se des jo do uo Aende 490 4 23814 IMOH Hes Da azhag UOISSIWSUEL aessa aamag HOW UOSSILUSUEL abessayy uo poquiAs buipoy APPENDIX D GANTT CHART 14 APPENDIX E PARTS LIST Message Transmitting Device Function Dimensions Car Carry the input block to 12 5cm x 15cm x 15 cm transmit signal Motors 2 For forward and 1 5cm x 2cm backward movement of car Input Block Carries the message to 8cm x 3 5cm be transmitted and the clock Lego Control on motors 15cm x 15cm controller To rotate the axel wheels 0 5cm diameter back wheels lego controller and lego controller to gizmo board 4 wheels Table E 1 Message Transmitting Device Parts List SENSORY DEVICE OVERPASS PartName _ Function Dimenssinss Lego bridge Overpass for car to pass 38cm x 12 5cm x 19cm underneath and signal to be intercepted by the sensors LED 2 Message transmission lego 0 5cm x 0 5cm block light blocked no lego block light on Light sensors Message interception light on 1 light blocked 0 Lego Receive signals from Controller sensors Wi
4. MSAC The LamBITGhini ECE298 Project 1 q MSAC Members Madhureema Dutta Sargunjit Singh Bawa Chin Chuah Akshay Ahooja Date Submitted November 7 2005 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A request for proposal was presented to MSAC for a communication device capable of transmitting a message from one Ultragizmo station to another receiving station that displays the message This report presents the design analysis of the unattended communication device developed by the University of Toronto MSAC design team for the ECE298 course The proposed design is called the LamBlTghini and facilitates the transmission of data between stations with the use of a motorized car that drives the signal in the form of Lego blocks through the receiving sensors which detect and decode the message This design was successful in not only meeting all the required objectives but in Surpassing some objectives as well The design is capable of transmitting data at a rate of 3 message symbols per minute over a distance of about 1 5 metres Also the design can easily be modified to be able to transmit more than one symbol at a time by simply adding message block layers The report is divided into 4 major sections that include the physical description operational description design evaluation and project management The physical description details the design s physical dimensions and composition with visual examples The operational description describes the functional a
5. design is that it displays the decoded character on the monitor as well as its hexadecimal value on the Ultragizmo board of the receiving station Hence the proposed design meets all the requirements as well as other added features The report is divided into 4 major sections that include the physical description operational description design evaluation project management and a user s manual for the design Various flow diagrams such as electric signal and FAST diagrams are included as well for easy comprehension PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION The design of this device is discretely separated into two sections the transmitting portion composed of the Message Transmission Device and the receiving portion composed of the Sensory Device Overpass TRANSMITTING MESSAGE TRANSMISSION DEVICE refer to Figure 1 This transmission device is in essence a car and is built completely of Lego parts The car is driven with two motors that supply the power to drive forwards and backwards The total length of the car is 12 5 cm the width is 15 cm and the height is 19 cm It has two motors one on the front right corner of the car and the second on Figure 1 Sensory Device Overpass the rear left corner to drive both the front and rear wheel axles for more power The car motors are connected to the Lego controller and the movement of the car forward and backward is controlled through two switches on the transmitting gizmo board The car ca
6. irect the car through the Sensory Device Overpass using the forward reverse motor controls of the transmission station The receiving station consists of an Ultragizmo board programmed to receive information from a Lego controller reading the transmitted data The data will be read using light sensors built on top of a stand called a Sensory Device Overpass These sensors will be able to detect different Lego blocks as they pass by blocking the light to the sensors and send this data to the Ultragizmo station The receiving station will be programmed to interpret sensor logic O as a data logic 1 and sensor logic 1 as a data logic 0 This is due to the fact that a sensor will have logic 0 when there is no light when a block is passing by and logic 1 otherwise as explained for the transmitting station above The receiving station will then read the value on the second level at the positive edge of the first level and store it in an array Once all 5 bits are stored the program interprets this 5 bit string of data using the 32 predetermined message symbols one symbol for every 5 bit combination and display it on the computer screen The hexadecimal value of this number will be displayed on the Ultragizmo board s 7 Segment display The receiving station will be unattended and will receive and display these transmitted signals without human direction The message carrier will then be brought back through the overpass towards the transmitting statio
7. n to set up the next symbol using the reverse motor function on the Lego controller The program will ignore any data that is sampled as the message carrier makes way backwards through the overpass There is also an exiting code for the receiving device so that transmitting a specific predetermined code to the receiving station may terminate the program For a visual understanding of the process description please refer to the Signal Flow Diagram and FAST Diagram in Appendix C DESIGN EVALUATION PROJECT EXPECTATIONS The main objective of the project is to design an unattended communication device which can transfer 32 unique characters from 1 Ultragizmo board to another at a minimum distance of 1 meter The final design constructed by the design team meets all the requirements of the project The input block of the message transmitting device has 5 clock cycles which allows for 225 32 combinations and hence the ability to transmit 32 unique characters The final design was tested by firstly placing two Ultragizmo boards 1 m apart The light sensors and light bulbs were connected to the receiving Lego controller while the Lego car was connected to the transmitting Lego controller Each unique symbol all 32 symbols was then tested and transmitted from one gizmo board to the other by sending their corresponding block coding on top of the car which was driven through the sensors Each character was correctly transmitted received and inter
8. preted across the 1m gap at an average rate of 3 messages per minute No operator is required at the receiving station as the sensors automatically receive the signal and transfer the data to the computer which then decodes and displays the message Thus the design was found to have met its goals of transmitting data both efficiently and swiftly while at the same time being fairly simple and cost effective The project was also completed within the time constraints that were imposed ENGINEERING DECISIONS The design implemented by the design team not only meets the requirements of the project but also goes beyond them and hence has added features that make it original and unique The greatest feature of the design is that it only takes a maximum of 20 seconds to transfer a signal Testing showed that the speed of transfer of the signal predominantly depended on the user who puts the message block on the car as well as the separation distance of the two Ultragizmo stations To ensure no delay the design incorporates the use of two message blocks the first is transmitted with the car while the second is made ready with the next signal in the meantime The car takes about 2 3 seconds to pass under the overpass and hence it takes a maximum of 20 seconds for each signal transfer including the time required to change the message which is only 1 3rd of the required one message per minute transfer rate One of the most important decisions made was to make the
9. res To connect sensors to lego N A controller and lego controller to gizmo board and LEDs to gizmo board Table E 2 Sensory Device Overpass Parts List APPENDIX F ADDITIONAL PICTURES Figure E 1 Sensory Device Overpass with Lego Controller r F f UNUKIE gt a ee at 3L6IBELOO t efter YA AA YA YA YA AA S88 ee eeeeeeervec Figure E 2 Message Transmitting Device 16
10. rries an input block or signal package on its top The input block is 25 cm long and 7 cm tall and is 2 tiered the upper level is the data signal and the lower level is for the clock signal The input block runs for 5 clock cycles and hence contains 5 separate sections for the data Each Lego block is 1 5 cm in height and each block is placed 3 Lego spaces away from the adjacent one RECEIVING SENSORY DEVICE OVERPASS refer to Figure 2 Figure 2 Message Transmission Device going through the Sensory Device Overpass The sensory device overpass resembles a bridge and is 38 cm long 12 5 cm wide and 19 cm in height and is also completely composed of Lego blocks It has two LED s and two light sensors across from the LED s The lower sensor and LED is 12 cm from the ground The separation distance between the LED s and their corresponding sensors is 25 cm The LED s are powered from the receiving station Lego controller and the sensors are also connected to the same receiving Lego controller PROCESS DESCRIPTION The transmitting station consists of an Ultragizmo board programmed to control a Lego controller that operates the motors of the Lego built Message Transmission device This message carrier will physically drive to the receiving station and transmit the data On top of the car is placed a 2 Level Code Block that contains the entire signal data refer to Figure 3 The transmission data will be in a bina
11. ry form represented by Lego blocks placed on top of the car on Level 2 A Lego block will represent a logical 1 state and the spaces between the blocks will represent a logical O state This is opposite from what the light sensors actually record since no block and the presence of light result in a sensor logic 1 and is taken into account by the programming of the receiving station LED s pointed towards the light sensors Level 2 i m 3 lego spaces Lego Blocks binary code Level 1 im Clock e i 165S 8 s A 1 s l EON Sensory Device Overpass with two Positive Clock Edges J light sensors to read levels 1 and 2 Y change in signal Reading the second level on the change of the clock from 1 gt 0 Light sensor Figure 3 3D rendering of the 2 Level Code Block moving through the Sensory Device Overpass Level 1 consists of a steady clock cycle used to instruct the receiving station when to sample the second Lego layer the transmission data The transmission data will be sampled each time the Level 1 state changes from logic 0 to 1 the positive edge of the blocks The data will be transmitted in packages of 5 binary bits through each run which will allow for the transmission of 32 unique symbols The user must first manually place the Lego blocks onto the car in the correct code order not right above the clock but rather slightly before the positive edge then d
12. spects and technical information such as signal flow and functional diagrams of the design The design evaluation contains the analysis of the proposal success and also details the testing stage with all the failed and successful design decisions that were involved throughout the project Lastly the project management section consists of the project planning and proposed schedules that were established for the design team to follow This report discusses all the factors affecting the design of this communication system and the process through which this design was created TABLE OF CONTENTS MOGUL AA 1 Physical Description 2 PROCESS EVA AU OM as ta caia 3 Design Evaluation 5 Project Expectations 2 2222222222222222 22 2222222222222222 22222 5 Engineering Decisions 6 Project Management 7 Appendix A User Manual 8 Appendix B Binary Lookup Table 6s 10 Appendix C Diagrams 2 Lee 11 Appendix D Gantt Chart LLL 13 Append E Paris LIS toot atin wiee eden IA 15 Appendix F Additional Pictures 16 INTRODUCTION The present report is an in depth design analysis of the unattended communication device built by the University of Toronto MSAC design team as a requisite for the ECE298 course A req
13. the package their presence indicating 1 and absence indicating a 0 CAUTION care should be taken that the Lego blocks are placed just above the positive edge of the lower clock signal as shown below q SIGNAL Figure A 2 The Package refer to Figure 3 o Place the finished package on the car top To drive the car forward use SWITCH1 on the logic board and SWITCH 2 to reverse it back CAUTION Make sure the entire package is run through the receiving stand before bringing it back Figure A 3 Switch Board 4 The transmitted code appears in hexadecimal format on the Ultra Gizmo Board and ie Eee LO alphabet is displayed on the computer screen SABA Figure A 4 Ultra Gizmo Board Hex Display Figure A 5 Computer Screen 5 To terminate the program a character can be sent just as the others completing the transmitted message APPENDIX B BINARY LOOKUP TABLE 0 AA AA OO 0 AA BA TOTS YAA e 2 O OOM E PI E O 00100 EK S A O eo AA CI CI OOM EG 6 f 6 po OTM AA AA AAA 8 S 8 O TON A CI CI TTD aK A owi OG A 0o M R f O a Nt S D on S O A y E pt PR 5 y E 10000 YA KAA f 0 1000 S R f 7 A 100 St on Tt 10o i po 0107 Vt TOTO E O 22 6 AI O TA AMA ACA BB II A B LC AAA A o o non E CS A CI p00 LO o moa O A AA AAA UA IIO mim ZIZI XIc Na ai ae O 10 i i i I aessa Aejdsip pue Jayoujuog 0 687 Wo ala
14. uest for proposal was presented to MSAC for a communication device capable of transmitting a message from one Ultragizmo station to another receiving station that displays the message The design objectives are to allow a user to transmit one of 32 distinct message symbols to an unattended receiving Ultragizmo station which will decode and display the message Also the design shall allow the data to be transmitted over a minimum distance of 1m at a minimum rate of one message symbol per minute To meet this request the MSAC design team proposes a Lego constructed communication system called the LamBlTghini The 2 major components of the design are a Message Transmitting Device car used to transfer messages and a Sensory Device Overpass bridge that receives the signals The car is used to drive the data composed of Lego blocks through the receiving sensors that detect and decode the data Indeed the design meets all the expectations of the project and goes above and beyond It is capable of transferring unique character symbols at a rate of 3 characters per minute which is 3 times the required speed The message carrier is controlled by the user through 2 switches on the transmitting Ultragizmo station one for forward motion control and the other for reverse motion control With no obstructions the message carrier can run for approximately 1 5 meters which is greater than the expected distance of 1m between stations Another added feature in the
15. with the clock edges This problem was solved by aligning the data blocks a bit ahead of the clock edge instead of at the clock edge itself In this way the upper sensor would sample the transmitted data only at each positive clock edge Testing also showed that the sensors had problems detecting red Lego blocks as they passed by and the sensors would function abnormally thus it was decided not to use red colored blocks for inputs Refer to the Gantt chart provided in Appendix D for further information APPENDIX A M S A C TheLamBITghini USER MANUAL System set up 1 Connect the car motors to the logic switch board 2 Connect the light sensors and the light emitters to the receiving gizmo board 3 Place the package on the transporting car 4 Use the logic switches to drive the car forward reverse CAUTION The car should be driven in a straight line The car should be driven completely through the receiving stand before returning How to transmit the message 1 5 Obtain the binary code for the character to be transmitted from the look up table refer to Appendix B Decimal Binary Hex 1 00000001 1 2 00000010 2 OOOO 1 4 Wa aa TOO 4 5 00000101 5 00000110 6 T 00000111 EN a 00001 0010 a 3 00001001 a 10 00001010 win 11 00001011 E 12 00001100 Ka 13 00001101 D 14 00001110 E 15 00001111 F 16 00010000 10 17 00010001 11 Figure A 1 Look Up Table refer to Appendix B 2 i Place the Lego blocks on
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