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1. distribution package but may also be downloaded from http Avww met rdg ac uk uwern um_ancil Files containing surface roughness estimates for the global and mesoscale domains are also included with the distribution package These are not standard ancillary files but are included for convenience If these are not available the surface roughness fields in the BADC archives stash code 00026 or the equivalent PUM fields may be included in the input meteorology file GJ Taylor July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor 13 6 References 1 Taylor G J 2006 Technical description of UM MCIP to be completed 2 Byun D W Pleim J E Tang R T Bourgeois Al 1999 Meteorology chemistry interface processor MCIP for Models 3 Community Multiscale Air Quality CMAQ modelling system Models 3 Documentation Chapter 12 EPA Document EPA 600 R 99 030 3 Jimy Dudhia Dave Gill Kevin Manning Wei Wang Cindy Bruyere 2005 PSU NCAR Mesoscale Modeling System Tutorial Class Notes and Users Guide MM5 Modeling System Version 3 Part 1 Introduction available from GJ Taylor July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor Appendix 1 UM variables required by processor 3D variables Stash Code u 2 v 3 W 150 P Pressure theta levels 408 P Pressure rh
2. Aeolus Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor G J Taylor Draft Document Version 0 2 Date July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor 1 Title Author Date Prepared for Summary Acknowledgements GJ Taylor Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor G J Taylor Aeolus 5 Thornton Close Guildford Surrey GU2 9XE UK Tel 44 0 1483 505921 e mail geoff aeoltech co uk 12 July 2006 University of Hertfordshire This document provides instructions on how to build and run the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor This work has been funded by the Universities Weather Research Network UWERN through a contract placed with and administered by the University of Hertfordshire The work is substantially based on the MCIP processor developed by the US EPA The following individuals have contributed to this contract Peter Clark Richard Forbes JCMM University of Reading Ranjeet Sokhi Ye Yu University of Hertfordshire Kevin Marsh BADC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chang Wang UWERN July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor 2 All intellectual property rights including without limitation all copyrights database rights patents design rights trademark rights and other intellectual property and proprietary rights in this document and its associated materials and appendices th
3. able byte swapping utilities are ppflipper pl and swapbytes available from http badc nerc ac uk help software xconv index html swapbytes If using ppflipper execute the command ppflipper pl 270106_all pp gt 270106_all_swap pp to give a file 270106 _all_swap pp in little endian form 6 this file should then be unpacked and renamed to give say 270106 all swap pp unpacked 7 finally this file should be byte swapped again to yield the required file in big endian form These notes are based on instructions provided by Kevin Marsh of BADC GJ Taylor July 2006
4. alculations i e it should be selected to produce deposition velocities for the appropriate chemical species GJ Taylor July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor 7 Lpbl determines how the boundary layer pbl parameters are determined 1 use pbl values from input meteorological fields 2 re diagnose pbl values using pbl similarity algorithm 3 re diagnose pbl values using surface similarity method Lrad determines how radiation fields are specified 1 use radiation fields from input meteorological files 2 re diagnose radiation fields using MCIPv1 algorithm Lddep specifies the approach to use for calculating dry deposition velocities 1 use RADM dry deposition routine 2 use Models3 Pleim dry deposition method 3 use Models3 Pleim dry deposition method with Cl species 2 use Models3 Pleim dry deposition method with Cl and Hg species L5 S fendi r lysis Ummp start the times and dates of the first and last records to be contained in the output Ummp end files The dates and times should be provided in a character string of the form YY Y MO DD HH MI SS SSSS i e 2006 05 28 01 00 00 0000 No temporal interpolation is carried out within the processor so the chosen times should match those of records within the UM input files Intvl the time interval min between successive output records In most cases this will just be the time interval betwee
5. are terrain following at the lowest levels but progressively relax towards horizontal levels at the top of the model domain The parameters defining this vertical co ordinate system are specified in 3 1 9 below The sigma levels chosen here effectively define the vertical level structure used for the calculations within CCTM The processor derives estimates of the meteorological fields on these levels from values supplied on the UM hybrid height levels by simple linear interpolation The choice of the sigma levels thus requires some care In particular it is recommended that sigma levels lying below the lowest hybrid height levels are not specified In addition it may be helpful to choose sigma levels which lie close to the hybrid height levels over the geographical area of greatest interest at least over the lower part of the atmosphere The sigma co ordinate system itself is described elsewhere CtmLays this is a comma delimited list of the full vertical sigma levels on which data will be produced in the output files The list should start with 1 0 corresponding to the terrain surface and finish with 0 0 corresponding to the top of the model domain A maximum of 100 levels may currently be used Setting this parameter to a negative value 1 0 say will cause the processor to calculate sigma levels which are consistent with the hybrid height levels on which the UM data are supplied assuming a terrain height corresponding to Zct
6. ariant data fields which supplement those provided in the main meteorological files They must be provided on the same domain and at the same resolution as the meteorological files themselves In addition they should be supplied in a big endian pp format OrogIn location of the file containing orographic data i e terrain height m LandIn location of the file containing land use information The file specifies the fractional coverage corresponding to each of 9 IGBP land use categories in each grid cell ZOIn location of the file containing surface roughness zo data m for each grid cell If this field is left blank the processor will look for the appropriate field amongst the data fields for the first time period in the UM meteorological files These options specify how the boundary layer parameters radiation fluxes and dry deposition velocities are determined within the processor The run time options are identical to those utilized in the original MCIP program In most cases Lpbl and Lrad should be set to 1 so that the boundary layer and surface radiation fields provided in the UM files are utilized Full details of the algorithms used to re diagnose the boundary layer and radiation fields and to calculate the species dependent dry deposition velocities are available elsewhere The dry deposition method specified should be chosen to be consistent with the chemical mechanism to be used in the subsequent CCTM c
7. e Materials belong to the University of Hertfordshire Higher Education Corporation UH or its licensors The Materials must not be displayed modified adapted distributed transmitted communicated copied transferred lent printed off published or otherwise reproduced either in part or in whole in any form by any means without the written permission of UH UH will use every reasonable effort to ensure that the information contained in the Materials is accurate at the time you receive it However you acknowledge and agree that UH accepts no liability whatsoever in contract tort or otherwise for any loss or damage caused by or arising directly or indirectly in connection with any use or reliance on the contents of the Materials except to the extent that such liability cannot be excluded by law Nothing in these terms shall exclude UH s liability to you for fraudulent misrepresentation by UH or its employees or for death or personal injury resulting from its negligence or that of its employees These terms shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of England and Wales and you agree to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of England and Wales in respect of any disputes which may arise in relation to the Materials Copyright University of Hertfordshire Higher Education Corporation and its licensors All rights reserved GJ Taylor July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre pr
8. eb 9 13 01 270106_12_05 pp rw r r 1 bade badcint 12402008 Feb 9 13 01 270106 12 _04 pp rw r r lbadc badcint 14245184 Feb 9 13 00 270106 _12_03 pp rw t t 1 bade badcint 12418344 Feb 9 13 00 270106 _12_02 pp rw r r lbadc badcint 12435840 Feb 9 13 00 270106 _12_01 pp rw r r 1 bade badcint 17360872 Feb 9 12 59 270106_12_00 pp rw t t 1 bade badcint 16315600 Feb 9 12 59 270106 _06_06 pp rw r r 1 bade badcint 12399480 Feb 9 12 59 270106 _06_05 pp rw r r 1 bade badcint 12421064 Feb 9 12 58 270106 _06_04 pp rw r r 1 bade badcint 14288248 Feb 9 12 58 270106 _06_03 pp rw r r 1 bade badcint 12463256 Feb 9 12 57 270106 _06_02 pp rw r r 1 bade badcint 12476440 Feb 9 12 57 270106 _06_01 pp GJ Taylor July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor 16 rw t t 1 bade badcint 17378640 Feb 9 12 57 270106 06 00 pp rw t t 1 bade badcint 16303224 Feb 9 12 56 270106 00 06 pp rw r r 1 bade badcint 12361936 Feb 9 12 55 270106 00_05 pp rwt t 1 bade badcint 12359904 Feb 9 12 55 270106 00 04 pp rw r r 1 bade badcint 14207208 Feb 9 12 55 270106 00_03 pp rw r r 1 bade badcint 12351888 Feb 9 12 54 270106 00 02 pp rw r r 1 bade badcint 12368000 Feb 9 12 54270106 00 01 pp rw t t 1 bade badcint 17295960 Feb 9 12 53 270106 00 00 pp 4 combine these to give a single pp file cat 270106 pp gt 270106 _all pp 5 this file should then be byte swapped prior to unpacking Suit
9. eters are written into the GRIDDESC file maximum 16 characters GridName a character string to identify the horizontal domain and grid defined in 3 1 6 below on which the output meteorological data are produced The identifier and associated parameters are written into the GRIDDESC file maximum 16 characters MetDirIn the path to the directory containing the UM meteorological files see 3 1 2 the path to the directory containing the UM ancillary files see 3 1 3 AnclDirIn the name of the directory to contain the output files OpDirOut the name of the working directory where the input file namelist ummcip WorkDir is to be created the name of the directory containing the ummcip executable ExecDir GJ Taylor July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor 6 12 Input meteorology files MetFilesIn a list of the UM meteorology files to be processed normally relative to the MetDirln directory The files must be listed in chronological order The list should be enclosed in parentheses with the file names space de limited and with lines separated by a back slash The maximum number of UM files which may be included 25 by default is defined by the parameter max_um in umfile mod F in the UMMCIP source code This value should match that assigned to MaxUmFiles in the run script 13 UM ancillary files The UM ancillary files contain 2 d time inv
10. ew simple utilities are supplied 1 ll2xy and xy2ll These programs calculate the projected x y co ordinates corresponding to supplied lat long values and vice versa for a specified map projection The map projection should be defined in a text file prjnparm txt specimen provided The projection parameters required here correspond exactly to those listed in 3 1 9 above 2 read_ppheader This program reads a UM meteorological file and lists various items of header information for each pp formatted data block This is useful if difficulties are encountered in accessing the data GJ Taylor July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor 11 through the processor The meteorological filename may be supplied either as a command line argument or via a user prompt 5 Input data 1 UM meteorological data The UM meteorological data should be supplied in one or more binary files All the data corresponding to a particular time should be grouped together with the data arranged in an increasing chronological order It may be convenient to group the data together in separate files on a daily or weekly basis but this is not essential The data should be in a binary 32 bit pp formatted form with big endian byte ordering The above utility read_ppheader may be used to check that the data are correctly formatted The X window utility Xconv available at http badc nerc ac uk help software xcon
11. he Greenwich meridian i e the longitude meridian which becomes the negative Y axis Feast false easting northing km re locates origin so that projection origin is at Fnorth Feast Fnorth 19 Define the vertical co ordinate system As noted above the program produces data on constant sigma pressure levels on a hydrostatic time independent vertical co ordinate system This co ordinate system is discussed elsewhere The pressure levels are defined with respect to a hydrostatic reference atmosphere This is characterized by a surface pressure Poo at z 0 normally chosen to be sea level and a corresponding reference temperature Too along with a constant assumed adiabatic lapse rate It should be noted here that these parameters serve only to define a vertical co ordinate system unlike their use within models such as MM5 they otherwise have no particular physical significance Thus in principle physically unrealistic values could be chosen for Poo Too and Alaps In practice though typical values of Poo 10 Pa Too 290 K Alaps 50 K are normally appropriate POO reference surface pressure Pa TOO reference surface temperature K Ptop pressure at model top Pa This defines the vertical extent of the model domain Alaps adiabatic lapse rate K Tsit temperature of isothermal layer in upper part of domain K not currently used Zctm surface height m to use when determining s
12. ields listed in Appendix 1 are required In practice though it is sometimes easier to adopt this approach 1 download all the mesoscale data from the NWP archive i e model and pressure levels analysis and forecast fields Thus for 27 01 06 retrieve all the files in badc ukmo um data meso lb ap 2006 01 27 pp analysis fields badc ukmo um data meso lb ap 2006 01 27 pp badc ukmo um data meso lb fp 2006 01 27 pp forecast fields badc ukmo um data meso Ib fm 2006 01 27 pp 2 concatenate all the analysis fields together for 0Z cat Iba 2006012700 gt 270106 00_00 pp similarly concatenate all the OZ forecast fields together for each forecast hour 1 6 cat Ibf 2006012700 01 pp gt 270106 00 _01 pp cat Ibf 2006012700 02 pp gt 270106 00 _02 pp cat Ibf 2006012700 03 pp gt 270106 00_03 pp etc 3 repeat the above process for 06Z 12Z etc to give a set of files such as rw t t 1 bade badcint 16196976 Feb 9 13 04 270106 _18 06 pp rw t t 1 bade badcint 12314000 Feb 9 13 03 270106 _18 05 pp rw r r 1 bade badcint 12339952 Feb 9 13 03 270106 _18 04 pp rw t t 1 bade badcint 14197096 Feb 9 13 03 270106 _18 03 pp rw t t 1 bade badcint 12403600 Feb 9 13 02 270106 _18 02 pp rw r r 1 bade badcint 12428192 Feb 9 13 02 270106 _18 01 pp rw t t 1 bade badcint 17342960 Feb 9 13 02 270106 _18 00 pp rw t t 1 bade badcint 16306664 Feb 9 13 01 270106 12 _06 pp rw t t 1 bade badcint 12386824 F
13. igma levels which are consistent with the hybrid height levels utilized in the UM meteorological files 10 I on of cell for di 7 GJ Taylor July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor 10 The processor outputs diagnostic values at the specified array locations Lprt_col nx ny location in the output domain excluding boundary cells where Lprt_row diagnostic output is required If either value is set to 0 the cell at the centre of the corresponding row or column will be assumed ti ee ee The following parameters control the run time behaviour of the program Mkegrid determines whether the program will output the grid description file GRIDDESC and netCDF files GRID_ containing time independent geographical and meteorological data Y N IOAPI Envi Variabl LOGFILE name for the program log file optional This will contain messages and error reports generated by the Models3 ioapi library IOAPI CHECK HEADERS determines whether the ioapi headers are checked for validity Y N Note setting this flag causes the program to fail within the ioapi library on some systems IOAPI FILE WRITE determines whether message should be produced for each file write from ioapi Y N 2 Executing program The processor may be executes simply by running the above script run_ummcip This will produce output in the directories specified in 3 1 1 above 4 Utilities A f
14. m see 3 1 9 below As noted above the processor produces data on a regular rectangular grid located on a projected plane Three map projections are supported here The Lambert conformal projection is generally regarded as most suitable for areas situated in the mid latitudes Similarly the equatorial Mercator projection is most appropriate for equatorial regions and the polar stereographic projections for regions near the poles All latitude and longitudes are specified in degrees with 90 lt lat lt 90 ve southern hemisphere 180 lt long lt 180 0 Greenwich meridian Projn defines the projection to be used 2 Lambert conformal conic 3 equatorial Mercator 4 polar stereographic The definition of the following parameters depends on the chosen projection Lambert Slat 1 standard latitude Slat2 2 standard latitude Clat centre latitude defines y origin on projected plane GJ Taylor July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor 9 Clon centre longitude defines x origin on projected plane Mercator Slatl not used Slat2 not used Clat latitude of true scale defines y origin of projected system Clon longitude of central meridian defines x origin of projected system Slatl not used Slat2 not used Clat latitude of true scale defines y origin of projected system Clon the angle of rotation of the Y axis relative to t
15. n horizontal resolution of approximately 12km The interval between successive output data is 1h The operational model is run every 6 hours i e at 0000 0600 1200 1800 The records corresponding to the start of each forecast period are conventionally referred to as analysis states and are denoted as OZT 0 6ZT 0 12ZT 0 etc In reality each model run is initialized at T 2 but only the data from T 0 onwards are of interest for forecasting purposes and thus only such data are archived The other stored records i e OZT 1 OZT 6 etc are normally referred to as forecast data GJ Taylor July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor 12 The archived data may be downloaded from ftp badc rl ac uk The global data may be found at badc ukmo um data global ag and the mesoscale data at badc ukmo um data meso b The data are archived on both model levels i e hybrid height levels and pressure levels for both the analysis and forecast periods The 3 d data required by UMMCIP are those on the model levels The only pressure level data utilized are those corresponding to surface fields The procedures required to construct a suitable input file for the processor from the archived data sets are rather laborious A script to automate this process is currently being written An outline of the steps required to produce a suitable file manually is however included in Appendix 2 The required bi
16. n successive records within the UM files The processor produces data on a regular rectangular grid located on a projected plane rather than on the surface of the earth The projection to be used is specified in 3 1 8 below All locations are then referred to the possibly false origin defined by that projection All dimensions here should be specified in km It should be noted that the processor produces data not only for a simple rectangular domain but also on a boundary domain which encloses it For current purposes this boundary domain is always 1 cell thick XOrig define the location of the dot point at the south west comer of the total YOrig domain including the boundary domain These values should be in km measured relative to the projection origin NxOut define the dimensions of the total output domain including the boundary NyOut domain in terms of the number of dot points in the x and y directions i e the number of grid cells is NxOut 1 NyOut 1 DxOut the dimensions of the output grid cells in the x and y directions km DyOut Normally DxOut DyOut GJ Taylor July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor 8 LL Specify the vertical levels on which meteorological output data should be produced The processor produces data on constant sigma pressure levels on a hydrostatic time independent vertical co ordinate system The sigma levels
17. nary pp formatted data file should contain the data records ordered as 0Z T 0 T 6 6Z T 0 T 6 etc Clearly 0Z T 6 and 6Z T 0 etc refer to the same hourly period and data for either T 6 or T 0 may thus be utilized If both are included in the file the latter item will just overwrite the former The only exceptions here are the surface precipitation data These archived fields contain cumulative precipitation values from which must be deduced the incremental precipitations over each time interval In this case the T 0 data contain no directly useful information but are required for initialization purposes Both 0Z T 6 and 6Z T 0 etc values must thus be supplied Clearly no meaningful precipitations may be derived for the first time period in the file and the precipitation fields are thus set to zero here 2 Data produced by PUM Data produced by the Portable Unified Model may also be utilized A suitable specimen PUM experiment and instructions for re formatting the data will be provided in the near future 3 Ancillary files In addition to the time varying fields listed in Appendix 1 a number of additional time invariant fields contained in ancillary files are required see 1 3 above These contain i the orographical height data ii UM fractional land use based on a sub set of the IGBP categories data vegetative fraction data The ancillary files at the required spatial resolution are included with the
18. o levels 407 Qy Specific humidity 10 Qw Cloud liquid water 4205 Qi Cloud ice content 4206 T Temperature 16004 2D Time Dependent Variables Hon Boundary layer depth 25 Zo Roughness length 26 Hg Sensible surface heat flux 3217 To Surface temperature 24 Por Surface pressure 409 Tis Temperature at 1 5m 3236 Q 1 5 Specific humidity at 1 5m 3237 Ou x component of surface shear stress 3219 Oy y component of surface shear stress 3220 Net downward short wave radiation flux at surface 1201 Total downward short wave radiation flux at surface 1235 Net downward long wave radiation flux at surface 2201 Downward long wave radiation flux at surface 2207 Large scale rainfall rate 4201 Convective rainfall rate 5201 Snow amount over land 23 GJ Taylor July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor 15 Appendix 2 Procedure for producing data files from data archived at BADC The file required by UMMCIP is just a binary pp file containing the required global or mesoscale data in the order 0Z 0 6 6Z 0 6 12Z 0 6 18Z 0 6 where OZ is the analysis hour and 0 6 means the hourly forecast fields from that analysis The following outline manual procedure may be used to create suitable files This example refers to mesoscale data the global data may however be handled in an identical fashion In this example it is assumed that all the available archived fields are to be included in the file This is not necessary only those f
19. ocessor Contents 1 Introduction 2 Building the program 3 Running the program 4 Utilities 5 Input data 6 References Appendix 1 Appendix 2 GJ Taylor 10 11 13 14 15 July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor 4 1 Introduction The UM MCIP meteorological pre processor allows meteorological data produced by the UK Meteorological Office s UM model to be used directly by the CMAQ Models 3 atmospheric transport model As such it replicates the functionality of the existing MCIP processor supplied as part of the Models 3 system which provides access to data produced by the US MM5 and WRF meteorological models The program is suitable for use with UM data archived at BADC and also with data produced by the ported version of the model PUM It may be used with both meso scale and global data This document outlines the procedures for building and running the program and also provides information on the data requirements A technical description of the pre processor is available elsewhere 2 Building the program The pre processor consists of a number of Fortan90 source files These comprise various files created specifically to handle the UM data and also some routines from the existing MCIP processor developed by the EPA The latter routines have been utilized to allow future changes to MCIP to be more readily incorporated into the pre processor In addition to the pre
20. processor a number of small utility programs is also supplied Both the netCDF and Models3 ioapi libraries are required to build the pre processor These are available from http Avww unidata ucar edu software netcdf and http www baronams com products ioapi respectively The software has been developed and tested with the netCDF version 3 6 0 and ioapi version 3 0 libraries The software is supplied as source code in a single file ummcipv1 tar gz This should be copied to a suitable source directory and then uncompressed tar xzvf ummcipv1 tar gz This will create files in the source directory as well the following directories mcip3 documents utilities run_script Make files are supplied to facilitate the building of both the main pre processor and the utility programs Before use the make files should be edited to select the relevant compiler and also to specify the associated compiler options Entries are already supplied in the make files for the Intel and Portland Group Fortan 90 compilers In addition the paths to the netCDF and Models3 ioapi libraries should also be specified in the make file for the pre processor The pre processor may then be built from the source directory using make clean make This will create the executable ummcip exe in the source directory GJ Taylor July 2006 Instruction manual for the UM MCIP meteorological pre processor 5 The utilities may be built in a similar fashion
21. using the make file in the utilities directory Note Both of the above build operations create object files in the source directory Before either make file is used for the first time make clean should be used to delete these files Alternatively all the programs may be built in a single pass using the Build_all script in the source directory Build_all This builds all the programs and creates links to all the necessary files in the exec directory 3 Running the program 1 Specifying input parameters All the necessary input to the pre processor is provided in a single input file namelist ummcip which contains the information required to specify the model domain and user selectable options This could clearly be created and edited directly but a simple script file run _ummcip is provided in the run_script directory to facilitate the building of the input file and to control the subsequent execution of the processor This script file should be edited to reflect the requirements of the user The script is designed to be self explanatory detailed information on the various parameters is however supplied below L identifi idi EHE Run Id a brief character string to identify the current pre processor run The string is appended to the output file names CoordName a character string to identify the projection and co ordinate system defined in 3 1 8 below The identifier and associated param
22. v may also be used to examine and visualize the data The pp format is a binary record based format utilized by UK Met Office as a standard format and is used in a number of BADC data archives Further information is available at j In this format a typical record would consist of the values of a particular field over a defined domain and at a specified hybrid height level For present purposes the required data input file may be considered as consisting of a series of such records The data fields required by UMMCIP are listed in Appendix 1 l1 Data from BADC archives Data fields calculated by the operational version of the Unified Model are archived in a packed form at BADC Data are available for both the global and mesoscale domains Recent global data post December 2005 are available on a domain consisting of 50 vertical layers extending up to approximately 65km on a 640 x 481 horizontal grid The corresponding horizontal resolution is approximately 40km Earlier data utilized 38 layers extending up to about 40km and 432 x 325 horizontal grid cells yielding an horizontal resolution of ca 60km The temporal resolution of these data is 3h A utility will be provided to interpolate these data temporally to yield data at a 1h interval The mesoscale domain http Avww met rdg ac uk uwern UM domains index html covers north west Europe and utilizes 38 layers extending up to 39km and a 182 x 146 horizontal grid yielding a

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