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1. process_period nsec INTEGER commit_type VARCHAR 17 cache_maximum_size INTEGER cache_initial_size INTEGER delete_on_dispose INTEGER table_owner table_name domain_id topic_name NS NOT NULL 1 See Starting the MySQL Server in ANSI_QUOTES mode Section 4 1 2 4 4 55 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect idl member_prefix_max_length INTEGER idl member_suffix_max_length INTEGER profile_name VARCHAR 255 filter_duplicates TINYINT ordered_store TINYINT persist_state TINYINT sub present access_scope VARCHAR 25 sub present ordered_access TINYINT sub partition name VARCHAR 256 rar dr die trai dr dr rdr rais rdr dr dr dr rar die dr durability kind VARCHAR 30 reliability kind VARCHAR 27 destination_order kind VARCHAR 43 liveliness lease_dur sec INTEGER liveliness lease_dur nsec INTEGER deadline period sec INTEGER deadline period nsec INTEGER history kind VARCHAR 21 history depth INTEGER ownership kind VARCHAR 23 time_filter min_sep sec INTEGER time_filter min_sep nsec INTEGER res_limits max_samples INTEGER res_limits max_instances INTEGER unicast receive_port INTEGER rar dr multicast receive_address VARCHAR 39 multicast receive_port INTEGER RTIRTC_SCN BIGINT DE
2. H zZ tq Q 25 E EGER Meta Tables dw history kind TT_VARCHAR 21 dw history depth TT_INTEGER dw ownership kind TT_VARCHAR 23 dw ownership_strength value TT_INTEGER dw publish_mode kind TT _VARCHAR 29 dw res_limits max_samples TT_INTEGER dw res_limits max_instances TT_INTEGER PRIMARY KI Oracle Database 11g Create Table RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS table_owner VARCHAR 128 NOT NULL table_name VARCHAR 128 NOT NULL domain_id NUMBER 10 NOT NULL topic_name VARCHAR 200 type_name VARCHAR 200 table_history_depth NUMBER 10 resolution_column VARCHAR 255 EY table_owner table_name domain_id topic_name idl_member_prefix_max_length NUMBER 10 idl_member_suffix_max_length NUMBER 10 profile_name VARCHAR 255 pub present access_scope VARCH AR 25 pub present ordered_access NUMBER 3 pub partition name VARCHAR 25 dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw PRIMARY KI durability kind VARCHAR 30 liveliness lease_dur sec NU 6 MBER 10 liveliness lease_dur nsec NUMBER 10 deadline period sec NUMBER 10 deadline period nsec NUMBER 10 history kind VARCHAR 21 history depth NUMBER 10 ownership kind VARCHAR 23 ownership _strength value NUMBER 10 publish_mode kind VARCHAR 29 res_limits max_samples NUMBER
3. lt profile_name gt lt filter_duplicates gt lt ordered_store gt lt persist_state gt Inserts the tag value into the column with the same name in the table RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS If the value is not specified NULL is inserted See Section 4 5 2 Oorl Table 4 14 Publications Tags Tags Allowed within lt publications gt Description Number of Tags Allowed lt publication gt Configures a publication by inserting or updating a row in the table RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS See Table 4 15 on page 4 34 1 or more 4 33 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect Table 4 15 4 34 Publication Tags Tags Allowed within lt publication gt Description Number of Tags Allowed lt table_owner gt lt table_name gt lt domain_id gt lt topic_name gt Inserts the tag value into the column with the same name in the table RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS See Section 4 5 1 1 required lt type_name gt lt table_history_depth gt lt resolution_column gt lt idl_member_prefix_ max_length gt lt idl_member_suffix_ max_length gt lt profile_name gt Inserts the tag value into the column with the same name in the table RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS If the value is not specified NULL is inserted See Section 4 5 1 Oorl Meta Tables 4 5 Meta Tables After t
4. 1062 Error parsing TypeCode 1063 Error creating TypeCode 2048 4095 ODBC related errors These message are produced through the interaction of the Real Time Connect Daemon with the database through the ODBC driver More information on each error can be found by examining the native ODBC errors codes that will be logged with these messages lt message gt 2048 General ODBC error message lt message gt lt ODBC driver error message gt 4096 8191 DBMS Log Connection related errors These messages are produced through the interaction of the Real Time Connect Daemon with the Connext More information on each error can be found by examining the native Connext errors codes that will be logged with these messages General DBMS log connection error mes 4096 lt message gt sage 8192 16383 OS related errors These messages are produced through the interaction of the Real Time Connect Daemon with the operating system More information on each error can be found by examining the native OS errors codes that will be logged with these messages 8192 lt message gt General OS error message 8193 Error handling OS signals S POD 10113 Y Error Codes Table A 1 Real Time Connect Errors and Warnings Code Message Details 8194 Unable to set signal handler for lt signal gt 8195 Error getting the host name 8196 Error allocating mem
5. Create Table RTIRTC_LOG id INTEGER NOT NULL ts TIMESTAMP NOT NULL type VARCHAR 7 NOT NULL function VARCHAR 64 NOT NULL line INTEGER code INTEGER native_code INTEGER message VARCHAR 2048 NOT NULL Oracle TimesTen with command line option typeMode 0 Create Table RTIRTC_LOG id TT_INTEGER NOT NULL ts TT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL type TT_VARCHAR 7 NOT NULL function TT_VARCHAR 64 NOT NULL line TT_INTEGER code TT_INTEGER native_code TT_INTEGER message TT_VARCHAR 2048 NOT NULL Meta Tables Table 4 19 Oracle Create Table RTIRTC_LOG id NUMBER 10 NOT NULL ts TIMESTAMP NOT NULL type VARCHAR 7 function VARCHAR 64 line NUMBI ER 10 code NUMBI ER 10 native_code NUMBER 10 message VARCHAR 2048 MySQL Create Table RTIRTC_LOG id INTEGER NOT NULL ts TIMESTAMP NOT NULL type VARCHAR 7 function VARCHAR 64 line INTEGER code INTEGER native_code INTEGER message VARCHAR 2048 NOT NULL NOT NULL NOT NULL NOT NULL NOT NULL NOT NULL Each column of the Log meta table stores a different portion of a log message generated by the Real Time Connect Daemon Table 4 19 describes these columns RTIRTC_LOG Table Schema Column Name SQL Type Nullable Default if NULL Described in id INTEGER NO N A Section 4 5
6. 4 30 This attribute is only used if the Oracle TimesTen DSN specifies a diskless connec tion For diskless connections the minimum size of the Oracle TimesTen XLA staging buffer must be at least as big as the largest single SQL transaction executed through the database connection The size of a transaction is related to the aggre gated size of data values that have changed as a result of the transaction For exam ple if a transaction modifies every column in a row of a table then the transaction is at least as large as the size in bytes of a row Note that a single transaction may modify multiple rows of a table It is up to the user to determine what the largest transaction size in a database may be and set the XLABUFFERSIZE attribute for the Real Time Connect Daemon appropriately How ever the maximum transaction size is only the minimum value that should be set for XLABUFFERSIZE You may need to set XLABUFFERSIZE to be much larger since the XLA staging buffer in Oracle TimesTen must hold more than a single non committed transaction simultaneously if there are multiple threads or processes accessing the same database at the same time Recall that this discussion only per tains to Oracle TimesTen DSNs that specify a diskless connection If the XLABUFFERSIZE is too small then SQLExecute or SQLExecDirect state ments that were working will return an error indicating that a buffer is full You should see these errors in your own app
7. Permanent disk H mananananenannnnannnananannnnannii High data rates storage Real Time Database Replication 3 7 Real Time Database Replication By running multiple Real Time Connect daemons on different nodes connected to differ ent databases and configuring all of the daemons to publish and subscribe to the same table changes made by applications to a table on one node can be automatically repli cated to tables on all of the other nodes Figure 3 7 shows how Real Time Connect can be used to perform lazy table replication between distributed databases With lazy replication an update is sent to the subscribers after the transaction is com mitted into the local database The advantages of lazy replication are short response time and high concurrency since locks in the data cache are immediately released after a transaction commits and before it is sent on the network Figure 3 7 Replicating Tables Across Databases a SQL J PEN ToN 4 RTI Real Time Connect 4 by RTI Real Time Connect Relational Daemon Relational Database sal S Database s N Table Passenger Flt Name Addfs C129 A Johnson C054 J Smith A Table Passenger Table Tracks Fit Name Addfs Fit Lat Long C129 A Johnsor C054 J Smith Table Tracks Fit Lat Long C129 34 5 102 C129 34 5 102 C054 27 7 46 8 C054 27 7 46 8 Enterprise lt n Enterprise By setting different
8. 1d suffix is used to distinguish between octet x and long double Table 5 4 Basic Types in IDL and SQL MySQL IDL Type IDL Field Name SOL Type Table Column Name char my_field CHAR 1 my_field char x my_field CHAR x my_field sequence lt char x gt my_field VARCHAR x my_field wchar P my_field NCHAR 1 my_field wchar x my_field NCHAR x my_field sequence lt wchar x gt my_field NVARCHAR x my_field octet my_field BINARY 1 my_field octet x my_field BINARY x my_field sequence lt octet x gt my_field VARBINARY x my_field boolean my_field TINYINT my_field short my_field SMALLINT my_field unsigned short my_field SMALLINT my_field unsigned my_field INTEGER my_field unsigned long my_field INTEGER my_field double my_field DOUBLE my_field float my_field FLOAT my_field string lt x gt my_field VARCHAR x my_field str d wstring lt x gt my_field NVARCHAR x my_field str a long long my_field BIGINT my_field unsigned long long my_field BIGINT my_field long double my_field BINARY 16 my_field ld unsigned long long my_field DATETIME my_field a The format on the wire of char and char x is the same b The format on the wire of wchar and wchar x is the same Data Rep
9. Prints out a usage message listing the command line param eters licenseFile lt file gt Specifies the license file path and filename Only applicable to licensed versions of Real Time Connect If not specified Real Time Connect looks for the license as described in Chapter 9 in the Getting Started Guide logFile lt log file gt Pathname of the file to be used for log messages If specified log messages will automatically be stored in the file noDaemon Start as a normal process Without this option running the Real Time Connect Daemon executable will start a daemon process on Linux and Solaris systems or start a service on Windows systems As a dae mon no log messages of any kind are printed to stdout or stderr However by specifying this option the daemon will start as a regular process which can be run as a background process using the standard OS with the command line option amp and log messages will be printed to stdout and stderr 4 11 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect Table 4 1 Command line Options Option Description queueLibPath lt directory containing lib rtirtc_oracleq so dll gt typeMode This parameter is only available for the rtirtc_oracle exe for Oracle Database 11g The Oracle server must find and load lib rtirti_oracle so d1l in order to connect to the Real Time Connect Daemon See
10. p La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 5 2 1 26 4 5 2 1 27 4 5 3 4 5 3 1 4 72 See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used dr multicast receive_port This column configures the multicast port on which the DataReader will receive data When the default value NULL or 0 is used the actual port number is determined by a formula as a function of the domain ID Note that the value of this field is ignored when dr multicast receive_address is NULL RTIRTC_SCN The System Change Number SCN column is available only for connections to a MySQL database The value of this column is automatically maintained by Real Time Connect and is usually of no interest to the application For more information about the RTIRTC_SCN column see Section 4 6 Table Info The meta table RTIRTC_TBL_INFO stores meta information associated with the user tables When a table is automatically created by the Real Time Connect Daemon see Section 4 6 its TypeCode is stored in RTIRTC_TBL_INFO as a sequence of octets When the Real Time Connect Daemon is restarted the persisted TypeCodes corresponding to existing publications and subscriptions will be made available to other Connext applications Table Info Schema The RTIRTC_TBL_INFO table is created with the following SQL statement Oracle TimesTen with command line option typeMode 1 Create Table RTIRTC_TBL_ INFO table_owner VARCHAR 128 NOT N
11. Pel BR ro Meta Tables delete_on_dispose NUMBER 10 idl_member_prefix_max_length NUMBER 10 idl_member_suffix_max_length NUMBER 10 profile_name VARCHAR 255 filter_duplicates NUMBER 3 ordered_store NUMBER 3 persist_state NUMBER 3 sub present access_scope VARCHAR 25 sub present ordered_access NUMBER 3 sub partition name VARCHAR 256 tAr Tar rdr ar tar ndar Tar dr tdr tar tAE dr tar tar rdr tAr tar PRIMARY KEY Mysal_ durability kind VARCHAR 3 reliability kind VARCHAR destination_order kind VARCHAR 43 liveliness lease_dur sec liveliness lease_dur nsec deadline period sec NUMBE deadline period nsec NUMB history kind VARCHAR 21 history depth NUMBER 10 ownership kind VARCHAR 23 0 27 NUMBER 10 NUMBER 10 R 10 ER 10 time_filter min_sep sec NUMBER 10 time_filter min_sep nsec NUMBER 10 res_limits max_samples NUMBER 10 res_limits max_instances unicast receive_port NUMB multicast receive_address NUMBER 10 ER 10 VARCHAR 39 multicast receive_port NUMBER 10 Create Table RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIO table_owner VARCHAR 128 NOT NULL table_name VARCHAR 128 domain_id INTEGER NOT NULL topic_name VARCHAR 200 type_name VARCHAR 200 table_history_depth INTEGER process_batch INTEGER process_period sec INTEGER
12. You can configure the gen eral behavior of the Real Time Connect Daemon by using command line parameters environment variables and configuration files Meta tables in the database are used to configure the specific topics and tables that are bridged by the daemon Besides using compatible versions of Connext and Oracle Oracle TimesTen MySQL databases see the Release Notes for a list of compatible versions the Real Time Connect Daemon expects that typecodes for the IDL types used by Connext applications have been generated and being propagated If typecodes for IDL types were not generated users must create the tables used by the daemon for storing or publishing data themselves or declare the types in the configuration files How to Run the Real Time Connect Daemon with Oracle To run Real Time Connect correctly with an Oracle database you must complete the pro cedures described in this section These procedures are not needed when using Real Time Connect with the Oracle TimesTen In Memory database To work with an Oracle database there is a shared library distributed with Real Time Connect that must be installed correctly on the host of the Oracle database server Com munication by the Real Time Connect Daemon with the Oracle server is accomplished through external procedures executed by the server when triggers installed by the dae mon are fired These external procedures are provided in the shared library on UNIX based systems
13. and stored for use in business processes In addition multiple user consoles must have concurrent access to both raw and fused data Real Time Connect is used to store the raw data at high rates into an Oracle TimesTen In Memory database where Oracle Cache Connect is then used to propagate the data into an Oracle 11g database for permanent storage Enterprise applications used for analysis or applying other business logic can access the data stored in Oracle using SQL or other standards such as JMS XML and HTTP via a BPEL process manager Real Time Connect is the bridge that connects real time high performance to complex analysis edge devices to business systems and embedded to enterprise Interconnecting Standards Until recently distributed real time systems were built using custom developed data structures and algorithms to store and manipulate data in combination with a commer cial or even proprietary data distribution middleware layer This was necessary to meet real time performance requirements However in recent years DDS a standard for data distribution has emerged as the premier method to integrate and build distrib uted real time systems For decades in enterprise systems standards for communications data representation and data storage has enabled the tremendous growth of software applications for business processes worldwide The standards such as SQL ODBC JMS HTML XML and WDSL have greatly increased the interopera
14. exists If so it will immediately create the DataWriter with the QoS values as specified by the entry The name of the Topic to publish may be specified by the topic_name col umn or be automatically constructed as lt table_owner gt lt table_name gt if the topic_name entry is NULL If the user table does not exist the Real Time Connect Daemon will look for the typecode associated with the type defined in the type_name column If it finds the typecode the daemon will create the user table with a SQL table schema derived from the typecode following the IDL type to SQL type mapping described in Chapter 5 IDL SQL Seman tic and Data Mapping Then the daemon will proceed to create the associated DataW riter More about the creation of user tables by the daemon can be found in User Table Creation Section 4 6 How the daemon discovers and stores typecodes is described in Typecodes Section 4 1 4 If the Real Time Connect Daemon has not yet have a typecode associated with the type_name it will defer the creation of the DataWriter until the typecode is discovered When a new typecode is discovered the daemon will scan all rows in the RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS meta table and create the user tables and DataWriters for entries that were pending on the discovery of the typecode The daemon will also create the DataWriter if there is an entry in the RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS table without an associated typecode but the user subse quently creates the correspon
15. max_length 1 During the serialization and deserialization process the daemon will usually be work ing with less than the maximum length of data and thus will need to use the hierarchi cal naming along with the suffix to determine which columns belong to unused elements that should be skipped This hierarchical flattening operation of member names may lead to very long column names in the generated table and can easily exceed the maximum number of characters supported by the database some databases limit the column names to 30 characters To reduce the length of the generated names you can instruct Real Time Connect to con sider only the first n and the last m characters of the flattened name and eventually resolve any conflict by using a progressive number between the prefix and the suffix The two tags lt idl_member_prefix_max_length gt and lt idl_member_suffix_max_length gt see page 4 24 defined in the configuration file described in Section 4 4 and the columns idl_member_prefix_max_length and idl_member_suffix_max_length in the meta tables described in Section 4 5 1 1 9 tell the daemon the values to use The values defined in the meta table have precedence over the values defined in the configuration file Suffixes Suffixes are also needed for column names when multiple IDL primitive types map into the same SQL type Because there are more IDL primitive types than SQL primitive types a full mapping will result in t
16. n ennnen o oniri a e A a e E 3 6 3 5 Bridging between Domains esseisti teaei naa e E ea E EE Rr E pE 3 7 3 6 High Rate Data Streams Cached before Storage sss ssssssssssriserisresresrenrisresnestensessesses 3 8 3 7 Real Time Database Replication ssssssssssssessssssstestersisressetennisresntssensesresnenneenienenennnesees 3 9 Using Real Time Connect Introduction to the Real Time Connect Daemon cccccsesseessesceseecseceecsecsesseeseeeeeeees 4 2 4 1 1 How to Run the Real Time Connect Daemon with Oracle ccccccccccceeseeseees 4 2 4 1 2 How to Run the Real Time Connect Daemon with MySQL 4 5 4 1 3 How to Run the Real Time Connect Daemons as Windows ServiceS 4 7 AVA a reola e 5s 5 2 cist E E E E A eacarertcpctstasasieeiets 4 8 vi 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 Command Line Parameters ccccccssecessecssseescessscesseesssecsscecsecessecsaecessecsseeeaecesseesseeeaseenees 4 9 Environment Variables oiiiissiciscssscsececcesativssesacescssesdnsoseecesesdateedecees sdeveeesdsbsndebdaiaissoeeesaasoved 4 14 Configuration File pneis a a a a ais a 4 14 4 4 1 How to Load the XML Configuration s se sssessesssssessississsssinsiesesnssneenennreseess 4 15 4 4 2 XML Syntax and Validation ccc cece e ia i a 4 16 44 3 Top Level XME Tags yoana a E E E crane 4 17 4 4 4 Database Configuration Using the Real Time Connect XML Tag 0004 4 20 NKE A E aI EEEE E A EE E AE EN E E E A E EAA
17. system DBMS The three currently supported DBMSs are Oracle 11g Oracle TimesTen In Memory Database 11 2 1 and MySQL 5 1 There is a separate daemon executable for each of the specific DBMSs As illustrated in Figure 3 1 Oracle TimesTen In Memory Database and Oracle Database 11g can be used in combination In this case TimesTen acts as a front end cache to Ora cle Database providing high performance access to real time data Real Time Connect Architecture 3 1 2 Real Time Connect s Unique Features Real Time Connect offers a unique set of features that enable seamless integration of real time embedded Connext applications and enterprise services J Storage of Connext Data in a DBMS Real Time Connect automatically stores received values of specified Topics in a database Once the data is propagated to the database it can be accessed by a user application via regular SQL queries LJ Publication of DBMS Data via Connext Real Time Connect automatically publishes changes in specified database tables Changes made via the SQL API with the INSERT UPDATE and DELETE state ments will be published into the network via Connext so real time embedded applications and devices can respond to time critical changes with near zero latency _J Mapping Between IDL to SQL Data Types Real Time Connect provides automatic mapping between an IDL data type repre sentation and a SQL table schema representation This mapping is used to dire
18. tables on two or more hosts in the network In the event of a host failure copies of the tables are available from other hosts to continue operation Real Time Connect s automated replication management and no single point of failure guarantees the availability of critical information With Real Time Connect tables can be stored on multiple hosts allowing applications and services to concurrently read and write in multiple tables Conflict resolution can be based on application defined time stamps 2 5 UOHONPOMU zZ Introduction Figure 2 3 High Availability with Real Time Connect RTI Real Time Connect BPEL Process Daemon VENEGI Connext D gt 10 Cache Connect to Oracle High performance Permanent storage 2 2 6 Additional Benefits of Real Time Connect L Achieve quick time to market e Start application development immediately using well known interfaces e Minimize time consuming custom programming e Easily integrate into existing solutions using industry standard interfaces L Reduce development costs e Use widely available modeling and database tools e Eliminate expensive complex coding for real time data management and communication e Integrate edge devices distributed real time data management and enter prise databases using a single set of standard Application Programming Interfaces 2 6 Real Time Connect s Unique Features I Deliver cutting edge solutions Process massive amou
19. you cannot have two fields of type VAR CHAR 40000 because the total width of the columns would exceed 65535 bytes For additional information on this restriction see http dev mysql com doc refman 5 1 en column count limit html spw soqojoq g Database Limits B 1 B 2 B 2 Maximum Columns for Oracle 11g For Real Time Connect subscriptions the maximum number of columns is 1000 This limit is imposed by the maximum number of columns in an Oracle 11g table For Real Time Connect publications the maximum number of columns is limited by the maximum size of the PL SQL programs that Real Time Connect installs in the Oracle 11g server The size of the PL SQL programs depends on the column data types For tables in which all the columns are numbers RTI has been able to publish with approximately 625 columns For tables in which all the columns are of type VARCHAR2 RTI has been able to publish with approximately 650 columns If the maximum number of columns is exceeded for Real Time Connect publications you will see an error message similar to DDSQLDaemonCore_onUpdateMetaTableEntry line 3126 ERROR 4096 5009 CNA CNAMonitorTable ODBC call failed ORA 24344 success with compilation error Maximum Columns for MySQL The exact limit for the number of columns is driven by two factors I The maximum row size for a table not counting BLOBs is 65535 LJ The maximum size of the meta information schema associ
20. 10 res_limits max_instances NUMBER 10 EY table_owner table_name domain_id topic_name 4 39 JOOUUOD SU p La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect MySQL Create Table RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS table_owner VARCHAR 128 NOT NULL table_name VARCHAR 128 NOT NUL domain_id INTEGER NOT NULL topic_name VARCHAR 200 type_name VARCHAR 200 table_history_depth INTEGER resolution_column VARCHAR 255 idl_member_prefix_max_length INTEGER idl_member_suffix_max_length INTEGER profile_name VARCHAR 255 pub present access_scope VARC pub present ordered_access u HAR 25 TINYINT pub partition name VARCHAR 256 dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw durability kind VARCHAR 30 liveliness lease_dur sec INTEGER liveliness lease_dur nsec deadline period sec INTEGE INTEGER R deadline period nsec INTEG ER history kind VARCHAR 21 history depth INTEGER ownership kind VARCHAR 23 1 ownership_strength value INTEGER publish_mode kind VARCHAR res_limits max_samples INT 29 EGER res_limits max_instances INTEGER changes_queue_maximum_size INTEGER RTIRTC_SCN BIGINT DEFAULT 0 PRIMARY KEY table_owner table_n ame domain_id topic_name Users should use the same SQL statement in their own applications if they want to cre ate and popu
21. 17 RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS Table Schema Column Name SQL Type Nor Default if NULL Described in dr ownership kind VARCHAR 23 YES SHARED_OWNERSHIP_QOS Section 4 5 2 1 21 dr time_filter min_sep sec INTEGER YES 0 Section 4 5 2 1 22 dr time_filter min_sep nsec INTEGER YES 0 Section 4 5 2 1 22 dr res_limits max_samples INTEGER YES Infinite Section 4 5 2 1 23 dr res_limits max_instances INTEGER YES Infinite Section 4 5 2 1 23 dr unicast receive_port INTEGER YES 0 Section 4 5 2 1 24 dr multicast_receive_address VARCHAR 15 YES None Section 4 5 2 1 25 dr multicast receive_port INTEGER YES JO Section 4 5 2 1 26 RTIRTC SCN BIGINT YES Next SCN number Section 4 5 2 1 27 a Primary key column 4 5 2 1 1 4 5 2 1 2 4 58 table_owner table_name These columns specify the user table into which data received by a DataReader will be stored Because a DBMS uses a combination of lt table_owner gt lt table_name gt to identify a table both of these columns must have valid values should the user want these entries to refer to an existing table If no table exists in the database with the identifier lt table_owner gt lt table_name gt at the time that the daemon sees this entry in the RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS meta table it will create a user table with this name automatically see User Table Creation Section 4 6 Note In MySQL the value of the table_owner column corresponds to the t
22. 24 Error opening configuration file filename 25 Error reading configuration file filename 26 Error parsing configuration file filename 27 The maximum length for a lt type gt field is lt length gt epee A problem occurred when serializing a 28 Error serializing record table row for publishing as a Topic A problem occurred when deserializing 29 Error deserializing RTI DDS sample data received via Connext for storing into a table Could not create cache of known instance 30 Error creating key cache keys see cache_maximum_size cache_initial_size Section 4 5 2 1 6 Problem occurred while storing instance 31 Error inserting key in cache key in cache see cache_maximum_size cache_initial_size Section 4 5 2 1 6 SOPOD 10113 VW Error Codes Table A 1 Real Time Connect Errors and Warnings Code Message Details A precondition failed in which a NULL 32 Null pointer argument pointer was passed to an internal daemon function 33 Error reading table lt table gt The RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS table con z i tained an entry in the resolution_column The resolution column lt column gt does not 34 ne i which does not match the name of an exist exist in the table lt table gt i ing column in the corresponding table See resolution_column Section 4 5 1 1 8 The type of the resolution column lt col A column specified in the column umn gt in the table lt table g
23. 4 1 1 ts TIMESTAMP NO N A Section 4 5 4 1 2 type VARCHAR 7 NO N A Section 4 5 4 1 3 function VARCHAR 64 NO N A Section 4 5 4 1 4 line INTEGER NO None Section 4 5 4 1 4 code INTEGER YES None Section 4 5 4 1 5 native_code INTEGER YES None Section 4 5 4 1 5 message VARCHAR 1024 NO N A Section 4 5 4 1 5 4 75 JO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 5 4 1 1 4 5 4 1 2 4 5 4 1 3 4 5 4 1 4 4 5 4 1 5 4 6 4 76 id This column stores a strictly incrementing integer for each log message that is generated by the daemon The largest value in the id column is the last message that was pro duced ts This column stores the system timestamp of when the log message was generated type This column stores the kind of log message Possible values are ERROR WARN ING STATUS and SPECIAL SPECIAL messages are ones that are always printed independently of the log level function line These two columns contain the function name and line number of the Real Time Connect Daemon code where the message was generated It is useful only to support engineers at RTI code native_code message The code column contains the Real Time Connect error code that correspond to the mes sage This column will have NULL entries for messages of type STATUS The native_code column will contain the error code of any external APIs e g ODBC OS Connext t
24. Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 78 tion changes to the table made by local user applications will be published via Connext at the same time that the daemon itself may store data into the table received via Connext Real Time Connect Daemon uses these meta columns in order to prevent the republishing of tables values that were changed because they were received via Connext User applications that create the table do not need to add these columns if the daemon is configured only to publish data from the table or to store data into the table However it is essential that these columns do exist for the situation where both publications and subscriptions are tied to the same table If the meta columns are omitted then when Real Time Connect Daemon receives data via Connext it will be echoed republished as a change to the table RTIRTC_KEY This SQL INTEGER column is added by the daemon if the IDL type that is used to create the table does not contain any fields marked as a topic key i e non keyed IDL types In such cases the lt RTIRTC_KEY gt column will be added to the table as the primary key column The value in that column will always be 0 Thus there is only a single instance of the Topic which means the table will only ever have a single row subject to whether or not the user wants the table to store historical value of data instances see the details for the lt RTIRTC HISTORY_SLOT gt and lt RTIRTC_HISTORY_ORDER
25. INTEGER dr deadline period sec INTEGER dr deadline period nsec INTEGER dr history kind VARCHAR 21 dr history depth INTEGER dr ownership kind VARCHAR 23 dr time_filter min_sep sec INTEGER dr time_filter min_sep nsec INTEGER dr res_limits max_samples INTEGER dr res_limits max_instances INTEGER dr unicast receive_port INTEGER dr multicast receive_address VARCHAR 39 dr multicast receive_port INTEGER PRIMARY KEY table_owner table_name domain_id topic_name Oracle TimesTen with command line option typeMode 0 Create Table RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS table_owner TT_VARCHAR 128 NOT NULL table_name TT_VARCHAR 128 NOT NULL domain_id TT_INTEGER NOT NULL topic_name TT_VARCHAR 200 type_name TT_VARCHAR 200 table_history_depth TT_INTEGER process_batch TT_INTEGER process_period sec TT_INTEGER process_period nsec TT_INTEGER 4 53 JOOUUOD SU p La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 54 commit_type TT_VARCHAR 17 cache_maximum_size TT_INTEGER cache_initial_size TT_INTEGER delete_on_dispose TT_INTEGER idl_member_prefix_max_length TT_INTEGER idl_member_suffix_max_length TT_INTEGER profile_name TT_VARCHAR 255 filter_duplicates TT_TINYINT ordered_store TT_TINYIN
26. Sequence Fields Section 5 2 9 for more information about the mapping of IDL arrays and sequences into SQL columns The default value of will generate columns names that must be referenced using double quotes Default Oorl 4 25 JOO UUOD SU p La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 4 4 3 Database Connection Options The database connection tags in the XML file direct the Real Time Connect Daemon to connect to a particular data base as specified by a DSN data source name and con figure the connection lt database_connection gt lt dsn gt lt user_name gt The database connection tags are DBMS specific lt password gt L lt mysql_connection gt LJ lt oracle_connection gt LJ lt timesten_connection gt A lt real_time_connect gt tag may have multiple database connection tags The DBMS specific Real Time Connect Daemon will only parse the tags that apply to it As explained earlier the Real Time Connect Daemon will make a connection to a database using the DSN attribute for every connection tag that it parses This is the only way to direct the daemon to connect to a database No eas other connections will be made after startup lt publications gt Example lt real_time_connect name MyRtc gt lt mysql_connection gt lt dsn gt Example_MySQL lt dsn gt lt user_name gt Student lt user_name gt lt password gt mypsswrd lt password gt lt send_period gt 10
27. There are separate procedures for the librtirtc_oracleq and libnddsxxx libraries These procedures are detailed below Installing and Configuring the Oracle Server to Access lib rtirti_oracleq so dll There are two options for installing lib rtirti_oracleq so dIl 1 Copy the appropriate version of the library into either ORACLE_HOME bin or ORACLE HOME lib on the server host ORACLE_HOME is the installation directory of the Oracle DBMS or 2 Copy the appropriate version of the library into any directory on the server host It can even be used directly from the Real Time Connect installation directory if that directory can be accessed by the Oracle server 4 3 JOO UUOD SU p La Buisn 7 Using Real Time Connect 4 1 1 2 4 4 With the second option the location of the lib rtirti_oracleq so dll library must be defined in the file extproc ora located at O0RACLE_HOME hs admin on UNIX operating systems and at ORACLE_HOME hs admin on Windows or in the file listener ora located at ORACLE_HOME network admin using the ENVS parameter Additional information on how to load external procedures can be found in the Oracle manual by following this URL http download oracle com docs cd E11882_01 appdev 112 e10471 adfns_externproc htm Important With either option if lib rtirti_oracleq so dll is not located in ORACLE HOME bin the rtirtc_oracle daemon executable must be started with the additiona
28. consumption can be tuned to meet application requirements Previously a system was hard coded with parameters set for a specific operation profile during integration In contrast Real Time Connect provides run time configurable policy settings which greatly enhances system deployment flexibility Matching Real Time Performance Real Time Connect integration with the Oracle TimesTen In Memory Database allows the user to capture data into standard relational databases at rates far exceeding most appli cation requirements Data in Oracle TimesTen can be synchronized in the background to a permanent Oracle database using the TimesTen option Cache Connect to Oracle Thus the in memory database can act as a fast data cache in front of terabytes of data storage and tremendous analysis capability of a disk based database Real Time Connect solves the impedance mismatch between real time and enterprise applications High Availability Availability is an essential requirement for most distributed real time applications Sys tems built in the Defense and Aerospace industries are typically safety critical and are required to operate in crisis situations In telecommunications a minute of system downtime may mean many millions of dollars in lost revenue With Real Time Connect automatic data caching and replication can serve as the foundation technology for high availability Applications can use Real Time Connect to maintain copies of SQL database
29. follow these syntax rules The syntax is XML the character encoding is UTF 8 l Opening tags are enclosed in lt gt closing tags are enclosed in lt gt LI A tag value is a UTF 8 encoded string Legal values are alphanumeric characters The routing service s parser will remove all leading and trailing spaces from the string before it is processed For example lt tag gt value lt tag gt is the same as lt tag gt value lt tag gt J All values are case sensitive unless otherwise stated J Comments are enclosed as follows lt comment gt I The root tag of the configuration file must be lt dds gt and end with lt dds gt Real Time Connect provides DTD and XSD files that describe the format of the XML con tent We recommend including a reference to one of these documents in the XML file that contains the Real Time Connect s configuration this provides helpful features in code editors such as Visual Studio and Eclipse including validation and auto comple tion while you are editing the XML file The DTD and XSD definitions of the XML elements are in lt Real Time Connect installa tion directory gt resource schema rti_real_time_connect dtd and lt Real Time Connect installation directory gt resource schema rti_real_time_connect xsd respectively To include a reference to the XSD document in your XML file use the attribute xsi znoNamespaceSchemaLocation in the lt dds gt tag For example lt xml versi
30. into the table The oldest row of an instance will have the lowest value for this column whereas the most recent row of an instance will have the highest value RTIRTC_SCN The System Change Number SCN meta column SQL_BIGINT is only required for connections to a MySQL database The SCN meta column is used to detect committed changes in a table Its value is automatically assigned by the MySQL server Every time there is a change in a table row or a new row is inserted the MySQL server assigns a new SCN value to the column RTIRTC_SCN The assignment is done during the execution of the BEFORE UPDATE INSERT trigger installed by the Real Time Connect Daemon Enabling Monitoring in Real Time Connect To enable monitoring of the Entities that are created by Real Time Connect you must specify the property rti monitor library in the QoS of the participants that you want to monitor For example lt participant_qos gt lt property gt lt value gt lt element gt lt name gt rti monitor library lt name gt lt value gt rtimonitoring lt value gt lt propagate gt false lt propagate gt lt element gt lt value gt lt property gt lt participant_qos gt 4 79 JOOUUOD SUL p La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect The QoS associated with the DomainParticipants that are created by Real Time Connect can be configured in three different ways L By setting the attribute is_default_qos in the tag lt qos_prof
31. it will create a user table with this name automatically see User Table Creation Section 4 6 Note In MySQL the value of the table_owner column corresponds to the table schema or database name domain_id This column specifies the domain ID that will be used to publish changes in the table Before creating a DataWriter if no DomainParticipant has previously been created with the domain ID the Real Time Connect Daemon will create a DomainParticipant with the specified ID If the publications entry has associated a QoS profile Real Time Connect will use the val ues in this profile to create the participant The participant will also be configured using the QoS values of a profile when the attribute is_default_qos is set to 1 in that profile see the RTI Core Libraries and Utilities User s Manual for additional details topic_name type_name These columns define the Topic that will be used to publish the changes in the associ ated table The lt topic_name gt and lt type_name gt entries need to match the Topic used by subscriptions in user applications that expect to received data changes from the table If the Real Time Connect Daemon has discovered the typecode associated with the lt type_name gt and the user table does not exist in the database the daemon will use the typecode to create the table using entries in the lt table_owner gt and lt table_name gt col umn See User Table Creation Section 4 6 for more detai
32. logic of the Real Time Connect Daemon itself Should never occur 0 Unexpected error Contact support rti com if seen 1 lt message gt General error 2 Error storing RTI DDS sample in table There was an error when storing value lt table gt received with Connext into the database 3 Error creating lt entity gt 4 Error creating lt entity gt associated to the table lt table gt 5 Error getting lt entity gt There was an entry in a meta table 6 lt meta table gt entry not valid RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS or RTIRTCSUB SCRIPTIONS that was not valid A 1 Error Codes Table A 1 Real Time Connect Errors and Warnings Code Message Details nAj There was an error when creating or pre 7 Error creating lt type gt SOL statement paring a SQL statement Error creating table lt table gt Error opening RTI DDS connection There was a problem initializing Connext The meta columns RTIDDS_DOMAIN_ID and RTIRTC_REMOTE must be added to tables that the user creates and wished to connect to via Real Time Connect They will be automatically if the Real Time Connect 10 The type of the column lt column gt is not Daemon creates the table valid If the user creates the table and adds the two columns they must be of type INTE GER This message is produced if these columns exist and are of the wrong type aoe F The Real Time Connect Daemon had a p
33. one bar element long two The table constructed from a Topic which uses the foo type would have the following schema by default CREATE table foo INTEGER element one INTEGER element two The Real Time Connect Daemon allows the configuration of the separator character using the attribute IdentifierSeparatorChar defined in the general options of the configu ration file described in Section 4 4 4 1 While for most embedded structures the hierarchical naming of columns is not needed for the Real Time Connect Daemon to handle type translation correctly the proper hierar chical naming of columns is essential for the daemon to serialize and deserialize IDL unions and sequences These types are variable in length however the table must have enough columns to hold the maximum size of the IDL data type Hierarchical naming allows the Real Time Connect Daemon to identify columns that form a embedded com plex element n u For variable length types other than sequences of char wchar or octet an extra column with the suffix length is also added to the table to hold the current length of 5 5 Buiddpo opoq pup yupw s TOS 1AI S IDL SQL Semantic and Data Mapping 5 6 the type Also each column that represents a field in an element of the variable length type must have a suffix x in its name that identifies the index of the element where x 0 to
34. the value 2147483647 23 1 This is the DDS default value A non zero value representing the number of seconds and nanoseconds for the lease duration Note The DDS_LivelinessQosPolicy kind is always set to DDS_AUTOMATIC_LIVELINESS_QOS See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also dwiliveliness lease_dur Section 4 5 1 1 14 dr ownership kind Section 4 5 2 1 21 and dw ownership kind dw ownership_strength value Section 4 5 1 1 17 Meta Tables 4 5 2 1 19 4 5 2 1 20 dr deadline period These columns specify the deadline period for the DDS_DeadlineQosPolicy for the DataReader created to subscribe to Topic data that is stored in the table By setting the values in this column the user is setting an expectation that DataWriters will publish new values for data instances at least as fast as the deadline period The possible values of the lt drdeadline period sec gt seconds and lt dr dead line period nsec gt nanoseconds columns are l An infinite deadline period is specified if both columns are NULL or contain the value 2147483647 2 1 This is the DDS default value A non zero value representing the number of seconds and nanoseconds for the deadline period See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also dw deadline period Section 4 5 1 1 15 dr history kind dr history depth These columns directly map
35. the storage of each data sample as a separate transaction Although the daemon will use more resources if an error occurs when a transaction is committed only that data sample is lost 4 5 2 1 6 cache_maximum_ size cache_initial_size These columns control the size of a cache used to store keys that exist in the table that the Real Time Connect Daemon maintains for each DataReader When a data instance is received the daemon first checks the cache to see if a row corresponding to the data already exists in the table If the key is in the cache then the daemon executes an SQL UPDATE to store the data in the table If the key does not exist in the cache then the Real Time Connect Daemon will INSERT a row with the key instead The key cache can greatly enhance the performance of the daemon in storing data into the database by saving an SQL operation each time data is received Without a cache the daemon would need to execute 2 SQL statements to store data with the cache only 1 4 62 Meta Tables 4 5 2 1 7 4 5 2 1 8 4 5 2 1 9 The trade off is the memory used to store keys versus the performance gain The default values of lt cache_maximum_size gt and lt cache_initial_size gt are 0 if the col umns are NULL The sizes are specified as the number of keys For small tables the cache could be sized to hold all of the keys Thus the size of the cache would be the maximum number of rows in the table However this is not p
36. the table_owner column corresponds to the table schema or database name type_code This column contains the TypeCode information associated to the user table identified by lt table_owner gt lt table_name gt 4 73 JOO UUOD SU p La Buisn 7 Using Real Time Connect 4 5 4 4 5 4 1 4 74 The TypeCode information stored in this table is used when publications and subscrip tions are created after the Real Time Connect Daemon is restarted Log Table A meta table named RTIRTC_LOG is used to store log messages generated by the dae mon Whether or not this table is created and used depends on the loglevel option see Section 4 2 and the LOGTODB and LOGHISTORY Real Time Connect Daemon connec tion attributes see Section 4 4 4 2 Users should treat the contents of this table as read only There is no reason for users to modify this table The number of rows in the Log table is controlled by the LOGHIS TORY connection attribute If set to 1 the table will hold as many log messages as gen erated by the Real Time Connect Daemon Otherwise the daemon will only store the last n log messages as specified by LOGHISTORY using the table as a circular buffer Users may use the id column to determine the last log message that was generated by the daemon see Section 4 5 4 1 1 Log Table Schema The RTIRTC_LOG table is created with the following SOL statement Oracle TimesTen with command line option typeMode 1
37. value A non zero value representing the number of seconds and nanoseconds for the lease duration Note DDS_LivelinessQosPolicy kind is always set to DDS_AUTOMATIC_LIVELINESS_QOS See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also dr liveliness lease_dur Section 4 5 2 1 18 dw deadline period These columns specify the deadline period for the DDS_DeadlineQosPolicy for the DataWriter created to publish table changes The user may need to change the deadline period if remote applications have modified their DataReaders corresponding DDS_DeadlineQosPolicy to non default values The possible values of the lt dw deadline period sec gt seconds and lt dw dead line period nsec gt nanoseconds columns are l An infinite deadline period is specified if both columns are NULL or contain the value 2147483647 2 1 This is the DDS default value L A non zero value representing the number of seconds and nanoseconds for the deadline period The DDS_DeadlineQosPolicy sets a commitment by the DataWriter to publish a value for every data instance to DataReaders every deadline period If this value is set to a 4 47 JOO UUOD SU p La Buisn 7 Using Real Time Connect 4 5 1 1 16 4 48 non infinite value user applications must update the value of every instance of the Topic stored in the table within each deadline period or the contract with DataReaders that subscribe to th
38. values in a table or to publish database changes as Topics using a combination of methods J Command line parameters J Environment variables I Configuration file L Configuration tables in the database This chapter includes the following sections LJ Introduction to the Real Time Connect Daemon Section 4 1 LJ Command Line Parameters Section 4 2 LJ Environment Variables Section 4 3 LI Configuration File Section 4 4 LJ Meta Tables Section 4 5 L User Table Creation Section 4 6 J Enabling Monitoring in Real Time Connect Section 4 7 4 1 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 1 4 1 1 4 2 Introduction to the Real Time Connect Daemon Real Time Connect bridges the world of Connext and the world of relational databases The main element of the bridge is an executable that must run on the same host as the database management system DBMS This executable is called the Real Time Connect Daemon Real Time Connect uses Connext and supports three databases Oracle Database 11g Ora cle TimesTen In Memory Database 11 2 1 and MySQL 5 1 There is a separate executable that you must run depending on which database you are using L Oracle Database rtirtc_oracle exe J Oracle TimesTen In Memory Database rtirtc_timesten exe L MySQL rtirtc_mysql exe These executables can be executed as foreground processes during development or as background processes or as a service on Windows systems
39. with the greatest value of ownership strength If the liveliness of the DataWriter fails or if the DataWriter fails to write within a deadline period then the DataReader will receive published changes to the topic instance from the DataWriter with the next highest ownership strength The ownership strength set is set in the lt dw ownerhip_strength value gt column The default value is 0 if the column is NULL See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also dw liveliness lease_dur Section 4 5 1 1 14 dw deadline period Section 4 5 1 1 15 and dr ownership kind Section 4 5 2 1 21 dw publish_mode kind This column controls the type of DataWriter that Real Time Connect will create for pub lishing data This column can take the following values I ASYNCHRONOUS_PUBLISH_MODE_QOS L SYNCHRONOUS_PUBLISH_MODE_QOS default value Asynchronous DataWriters were introduced in Connext to support large data packets greater than 64Kb If IDL data types exceed the 64Kb limit and reliable communication is used dw publish_mode kind must be set to ASYNCHRONOUS_PUBLISH_MODE_QOS 4 49 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 5 1 1 19 4 5 1 1 20 4 5 1 1 21 4 5 2 4 50 See the Connext documentation for more details on the differences between synchronous and asynchronous DataWriters dw res_limits max_samples dw res_limits max_instances These columns set
40. 0 lt send_period gt lt database_logging gt lt enabled gt true lt enabled gt lt history_depth gt 100 lt history_depth gt lt database_logging gt lt publications gt lt publication gt lt publication gt lt publications gt lt subscriptions gt lt subscription gt lt subscription gt lt subscriptions gt lt mysql_connection gt lt real_time_connect gt Table 4 8 describes tags allowed within all three types of lt database_connection gt tags Tables 4 9 through 4 11 describe additional tags for each connection type 4 26 Configuration File Table 4 8 Common Tags for all Database Connections Common Tags for lt mysql_connection gt lt oracle_connection gt lt timesten_connection gt Description Number of Tags Allowed lt dsn gt You must specify a valid DSN that is found in a ODBCINI file or the Windows registry see Environ ment Variables Section 4 3 The Real Time Connect Daemon will make a connection to this DSN Real Time Connect detects changes in an Oracle TimesTen data store by reading from the transaction log Consequently Real Time Connect will not work for DSN configurations where logging is turned off Logging 0 This limitation applies only to Oracle TimesTen In Memory Database not to Oracle Data base 11g or MySQL 1 required lt user_name gt Specifies the user name to connect to the database This attribute is mandatory for Oracl
41. 1 6 delete_on_dipose INTEGER YES 0 Section 4 5 2 1 7 P Value specified in the configura 2 idl_member_prefix_max_length INTEGER YES tion file Section 4 5 2 1 8 idl_member_suffix_max_length INTEGER YES ae ENE CONE UES Section 4 5 2 1 8 profile_name VARCHAR OSE ves ReakTime Connect will not use a Section 4 5 2 1 9 profile to create the publication filter_duplicates TINYINT YES 0 Section 4 5 2 1 10 ordered_store TINYINT YES 1 Section 4 5 2 1 11 persist_state TINYINT YES 0 Section 4 5 2 1 12 sub present access_scope VARCHAR 25 YES ae ANCE_PRESENTATION_ Section 4 5 2 1 13 sub present ordered_access TINYINT YES 0 false Section 4 5 2 1 13 sub partition name VARCHAR 256 YES Empty partition string Section 4 5 2 1 14 dr durability kind VARCHAR 30 YES VOLATILE_DURABILITY_QOS Section 4 5 2 1 15 dr reliability kind VARCHAR 27 YES acim eid Section 4 5 2 1 16 3 BY_RECEPTION_TIMESTAMP_D en dr destination_order kind VARCHAR 43 YES ESTINATIONORDER_QOS Section 4 5 2 1 17 dr liveliness lease_dur sec INTEGER YES Infinite Section 4 5 2 1 18 dr liveliness lease_dur nsec INTEGER YES Infinite Section 4 5 2 1 18 dr deadline period sec INTEGER YES Infinite Section 4 5 2 1 19 dr deadline period nsec INTEGER YES Infinite Section 4 5 2 1 19 dr history kind VARCHAR 21 YES KEEP_LAST_HISTORY_QOS Section 4 5 2 1 20 dr history depth INTEGER YES 1 Section 4 5 2 1 20 4 57 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect Table 4
42. 2 1 18 drdeadline period Section 4 5 2 1 19 and dw ownership kind dw ownership_strength value Section 4 5 1 1 17 dr time_filter min_sep This column specifies the minimum separation duration between subsequent samples for the DDS_TimeBasedFilterQosPolicy for the DataReader created to subscribe to Topic data that is stored in the table By setting the values in these columns the user config ures the DataReader to see at most one change every the minimum_separation period The possible values of the lt dr time_filtermin_sep sec gt seconds and lt dr time_filter min_sep nsec gt nanoseconds columns are L A 0 minimum separation duration is specified if both columns are NULL or con tain the value 0 This is the DDS default value With this value the DataReader is potentially interested in all the samples Meta Tables 4 5 2 1 23 4 5 2 1 24 4 5 2 1 25 A non zero value representing the number of seconds and nanoseconds for the minimum separation duration That value must be smaller than the deadline period and contained in the interval 0 1 year See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used dr res_limits max_samples dr res_limits max_instances These columns set some parameters for the DDS_ResourceLimits QosPolicy for the DataReader created to subscribe to Topic data that is stored in the table In particular they control the amount of memory that the system is allowed to a
43. ATE TABLE MyUnionContainer case 2 my_key_field INTEGER NOT NULL double my_double_field my_union_field _d INTEGER NOT NULL default my _union_field c 0 1 my_long field INTEGER short my_short_field my_union_field c 2 my_double_ field DOUBLE my_union_field c def my_short_field SMALLINT PRIMARY KEY my_key_field struct MyUnionContainer long my_key_field key MyUnion my_union_field 5 2 8 Array Fields n u For array fields where the array type is different from octet char and wchar an IDL array type is stored as consecutive columns of the same type in a SQL table If the Real Time Connect Daemon creates a table from an IDL type that contains an array it will create the column names using a naming convention that prevents name collisions By default the daemon simply adds the suffix i where i is the array index of that ele ment beginning at 0 for the first index The open bracket and close bracket characters can be configured using the tags in the configuration file lt open_bracket_char gt and lt close_bracket_char gt see page 4 25 Note this naming convention is not required for the Real Time Connect Daemon to serialize deserialize IDL array fields Wow Note that array fields of type octet char and wchar are mapped into a single col umn element of the corresponding SQL types BINARY x CHAR x a
44. Core Libraries and Utilities User s Manual T NDDSHOME tesource qos_profiles_4 5x xml NDDS_QOS_PROFILES xml This file contains the Connext default QoS values it is loaded automatically if it exists First to be loaded T File in NDDS_QOS_PROFILES The files or XML strings separated by semicolons referenced in this environ ment variable are loaded automatically L lt working directory gt USER_QOS_PROFILES xml This file is loaded automatically if it exists The next locations are specific to Real Time Connect L lt Real Time Connect executable location gt resource xml RTI_REAL_ TIME _CONNECT xml This file contains the default Real Time Connect configuration and QoS Profiles it is loaded if it exists The default configuration does not work out of the box because it requires setting the parameters that configure the database connec tions such as dsn username and password see Section 4 4 4 I lt working directory gt USER_REAL_TIME_CONNECT xml This file is loaded automatically if it exists I File specified using the command line parameter cfgFile The command line option cfgFile see Section 4 2 can be used to specify a con figuration file You may use a combination of the above approaches 1 x stands for the version letter of the current release 4 15 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 4 2 4 16 XML Syntax and Validation The XML configuration file must
45. ER 10 my_field x unsigned long my_field x NUMBER 10 my_field x a The column storing the last bit field in a set of bits will use name of my_field x Data Representation Mapping Table 5 8 5 2 5 5 2 6 Table 5 9 5 2 7 Bit Fields in IDL and SQL MySQL Table Column IDL Type IDL Field Name SQL Type Name char my_field x CHAR 1 my_field x wchar my_field x NCHAR 1 my_field x octet my_field x BINARY 1 my_field x short my_field x SMALLINT my_field x unsigned short my_field x SMALLINT my_field x long my_field x INTEGER my_field x unsigned long my_field x INTEGER my_field x a The column storing the last bit field in a set of bits will use name of my_field x Enum Types Mapping IDL enumeration fields are mapped to columns of type SQL INTEGER No special nam ing is required Simple IDL Structures Simple IDL structures containing only basic or primitive types directly map to SQL schemas with fields in the structure becoming columns in the table Table 5 9 shows the mapping of a simple structure between IDL and SQL Simple Structures in IDL and SQL IDL Types SQL Table Schema CREATE TABLE MyStructContainer my_key_field INTEGER NOT NULL my_short_field SMALLINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY my_key_ field struct MyStruct long my_key field key s
46. Entity NameQosPol icy of the DomainParticipants created by Real Time Connect cfgFile lt configuration file gt Specifies an XML configuration file for Real Time Connect The parameter is optional since the Real Time Connect config uration can be loaded from other locations See Section 4 4 1 for further details cfgName lt configuration name gt Required Specifies the name of the configuration to load The Real Time Connect Daemon will look for the first tag lt real_time_connect gt with that name See Configuration File Section 4 4 4 10 Command Line Parameters Table 4 1 Command line Options Option Description dbTransport lt 1 2 gt This parameter is only available for the rtirtc_oracle exe for Oracle Database 11g and the rtirtc_mysql exe for MySQL By default Real Time Connect uses shared memory to com municate with the MySQL and Oracle database servers The dbTransport parameter can be used to change the com munication transport There are two possible values 1 UDPv4 2 Shared memory default Note Shared memory communication between the Real Time Connect Daemon and the database servers does not work on Windows 2003 Windows Vista or Windows 7 sys tems when the Real Time Connect daemon runs with the option nodaemon and the database server runs as a service For this use case communication can be enabled by using UDPv4 as the transport help
47. FAULT 0 PRIMARY KEY table_owner table_name domain_id topic_name Users should use the same SQL statement in their own applications if they want to cre ate and populate this table before the Real Time Connect Daemon is started Table 4 17 describes how each column is used by the daemon in creating DataReaders and storing received data into tables Table 4 17 RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS Table Schema Null Column Name SQL Type able Default if NULL Described in table_owner VARCHAR 128 No N A Section 4 5 2 1 1 table_name VARCHAR 128 No N A Section 4 5 2 1 1 domain_id INTEGER No N A Section 4 5 2 1 2 topic_name VARCHAR 200 YES lt table_owner gt lt table_name gt Section 4 5 2 1 3 type_name VARCHAR 200 YES lt topic_name gt Section 4 5 2 1 3 4 56 Meta Tables Table 4 17 RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS Table Schema Column Name SQL Type Null Default if NULL Described in table_history_depth INTEGER YES 0 Section 4 5 2 1 4 process_batch INTEGER YES 10 Section 4 5 2 1 5 process_period sec INTEGER YES JO Section 4 5 2 1 5 process_period nsec INTEGER YES 100000000 Section 4 5 2 1 5 commit_type VARCHAR 17 YES COMMIT_ON_PROCESS Section 4 5 2 1 5 cache_maximum_size INTEGER YES JO Section 4 5 2 1 6 cache_initial_size INTEGER YES J0 Section 4 5 2
48. How to Run the Real Time Connect Daemon with Oracle Section 4 1 1 for more information By default the daemon will ask the Oracle server to look in the directory ORACLE_HOME bin If lib rtirti_oracle so dll is installed on the server in a dif ferent directory then the Real Time Connect Daemon must be started with this option set to that directory This parameter is only available for rtirtc_timesten exe Specifies whether the names and semantics of the data types in the TimesTen database follow Oracle or TimesTen type rules There are two possible values e 0 Oracle type mode default e 1 TimesTen type mode For additional information about TypeMode refer to Oracle TimesTen In Memory Database Reference Note To work with Oracle In Memory Database Cache this option must be set to 0 Command Line Parameters Table 4 1 Command line Options Option Description verbosity lt verbosity level gt Real Time Connect verbosity level 0 No verbosity 1 Exceptions Connext and Real Time Connect default 2 Warnings Real Time Connect 3 Information Real Time Connect 4 Warnings Connext and Real Time Connect 5 Tracing Real Time Connect 6 Tracing Connext and Real Time Connect Each verbosity level n includes all the verbosity levels smaller than n As the Real Time Connect Daemon runs it may generate log messages reflecting error conditions warning messages or gener
49. L ODBC driver requires an ODBC driver manager In Windows the ODBC driver manager is automatically installed with the OS For Solaris and Linux systems we recommend the use of UnixODBC 2 2 12 or higher a complete free open ODBC solu tion for Unix and Linux systems The driver manager can be downloaded from http www unixodbc org Installing and Configuring the MySQL Server to Access lib rtirti_mysqlq so dll To work with a MySQL database there is a shared library distributed with Real Time Connect that must be installed correctly on the host of the MySQL database server Com munication by the Real Time Connect Daemon with the MySQL server is accomplished 4 5 JOO UUOD SU p La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 1 2 3 4 6 through user defined functions UDF executed by the MySQL server when triggers installed by the Real Time Connect Daemon are fired These functions are provided in a shared library on UNIX based systems or DLL on Windows systems called lib rtirtc_mysqlq so dll This library is distributed with Real Time Connect and can be found in the lib lt plat form gt directory of the installation directory The correct version of the library to use depends on the platform on which MySQL server is running For example lt platform gt can be L x64Linux2 6cc4 1 1 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 systems on 64 bit x86 processors LI i86Linux2 6cc4 1 1 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 systems on 32 bit
50. L member identifier to compose the associated column name A value of 0 tells Real Time Connect to compose the column name using only the first characters of the identifiers as defined by the idl_member_prefix_max_length column A value of 1 instructs Real Time Connect to use all the available characters profile_name This column specifies the name of the QoS Profile that Real Time Connect will use to cre ate the subscription The name must have the following format lt QoS profile library name gt lt QoS profile name gt 4 63 JOO UUOD SU p La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 5 2 1 10 4 5 2 1 11 4 64 See the RTI Core Libraries and Utilities User s Manual for a complete description of QoS Profiles QoS values specified in the subscription table if they are not NULL take precedence over the same values specified in the QoS profile filter_duplicates There are multiple scenarios in which Real Time Connect may receive duplicate samples see Chapter 11 Mechanisms for Achieving Information Durability and Persistence in the RTI Core Libraries and Utilities User s Manual For example if RTI Persistence Service is used in the system Real Time Connect could receive the same sample from the original writer and from RTI Persistence Service The filter_duplicates column specifies whether or not duplicates should be filtered by the Real Time Connect Daemon If duplicates are not filtered the subsc
51. QoS Changes when lt enable_table_replication gt is true Table 4 4 4 4 22 QoS Change Purpose protocol serialize_key_with_dispose true writer_data_lifecycle autodispose_unregistered_instances false Propagates delete operations durability kind TRANSIENT_LOCAL_DURABILITY_QOS Sends table contents to late joiners table initialization history depth 1 history kind KEEP_LAST_HISTORY_QOS Keeps one record per primary key value writer_resource_limits instance_replacement DDS_DISPOSED_INSTANCE_REPLACEMENT writer_resource_limits replace_empty_instances DDS_BOOLEAN_FALSE Enables replacement of deleted rows 4 6 DataReader QoS Changes when lt enable_table_replication gt is true QoS Change Purpose reliability kind RELIABLE_RELIABILITY_QOS Enables reliability destination_order source_timestamp_tolerance sec DURATION_INFINITE_SEC destination_order source_timestamp_tolerance nanosec DURATION_INFINITE_ NSEC ownership kind SHARED_OWNERSHIP_QOS Performs conflict resolution Note lt enable_table_replication gt sets some QoS related to conflict resolution but it does not enable the feature See Section 4 4 4 1 2 for additional details protocol propagate_dispose_of_unregistered_instances true Enables propagation of delete operations durability kind TRANSIENT_LOCAL_DURABILITY_QOS Sends table contents to late joiners table initializ
52. QoSs for the publications and subscriptions created by the Real Time Connect Daemon features such as remote table initialization and application timestamp based conflict resolution are enabled Real Time Connect provides an initialization attri bute that automatically sets the QoS values associated with database replication Even different DBMSs can be synchronized by the Real Time Connect Daemon with table changes in Oracle TimesTen In Memory databases propagated to corresponding tables in Oracle 11g or MySQL 5 1 databases and vice versa 3 9 eInjoopyoiy E Architecture 3 10 Chapter 4 Using Real Time Connect This chapter provides detailed information on using the Real Time Connect Daemon to subscribe to and store data received as Topics into relational databases as well as to publish as Topic changes in relational database tables The contents of this chapter assume you have a working knowledge of Connext and rela tional databases especially the MySQL Oracle and or Oracle TimesTen In Memory databases The chapter also assumes familiarity with IDL Interface Definition Lan guage the DDS and SQL specifications and APIs Finally you should be able to create and run applications using Connext to publish and subscribe to data as well as applica tions that can access Oracle databases using SQL through either ODBC or JDBC inter faces Users can configure the Real Time Connect Daemon to subscribe to Topics and store received
53. RTI Real Time Connect User s Manual Version 4 5 t Your systems Working as one 2006 2012 Real Time Innovations Inc All rights reserved Printed in U S A First printing March 2012 Trademarks Real Time Innovations RTI and Connext are trademarks or registered trademarks of Real Time Innovations Inc All other trademarks used in this document are the property of their respective owners Third Party Copyright Notices The Oracle TimesTen In Memory Database and the Oracle Database are products of Oracle Copy and Use Restrictions No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form including electronic mechanical photocopy and facsimile without the prior written permission of Real Time Innovations Inc All software and documentation whether in hard copy or electronic form enclosed are subject to the license agreement The software and documentation may be used or copied only under the terms of the license agreement The programs in this book have been included for their instructional value RTI does not offer on warranties or representations in respect of their fitness for a particular purpose nor does RTI accept any liability for any loss or damage arising from their use Technical Support Real Time Innovations Inc 232 E Java Drive Sunnyvale CA 94089 Phone 408 990 7444 Email support rti com Website https support rti com Av
54. Reader that can be stored in the table by the Real Time Connect Daemon For non keyed Topics there is only a single instance thus the lt table_history_depth gt would cor respond to the maximum size of the table in rows For keyed Topics the Real Time Connect Daemon may store up to lt table_history_depth gt values of each instance of the Topic that the DataReader receives When the history depth is reached the rows are reused as a circular buffer with the newest values replac ing the oldest To support this capability the associated user table may be created with additional col umns meta columns to help the Real Time Connect Daemon manage history for a table Whether or not meta columns need to be added to support table history is based on the value of the entry in lt table_history_depth gt The two meta columns for supporting table history are LJ RTIRTC_HISTORY_SLOT INTEGER This column is also added to the Primary Key of the table There is usually no need for users to access this column it is only used by the daemon It is only needed since many DBMS systems do not allow you to alter the value of a Pri mary Key column LJ RTIRTC_HISTORY_ORDER INTEGER This value of this column is maintained by the Real Time Connect Daemon when it stores data received via Connext into the table The column stores a strictly incrementing counter that represents the received sequence number starting at 0 of the data that is stored in t
55. T persist_state TT_TINYINT sub present access_scope T sub present ordered_access sub partition name TT_VARC dr durability kind TT_VARC dr reliability kind TT_VAR dr destination_order kind dr liveliness lease_dur sec dr liveliness lease_dur nse 1 1 T_VARCHAR 25 TT TINYINT HAR 256 HAR 30 CHAR 27 TT_VARCHAR 43 TT_INTEGER c TT_INTEGER dr deadline period sec TT_INTEGER dr deadline period nsec TT dr history kind TT_VARCHAR 21 ER dr history depth TT_INTEG INTEGER dr ownership kind TT_VARCHAR 23 dr time_filter min_sep sec dr time_filter min_sep nsec dr res_limits max_samples dr res_limits max_instances TT_INTEGER TT INTEGER TT_INTEGER T INTEGER dr unicast receive_port TT_INTEGER dr multicast receive_addres dr multicast receive_port PRIMARY KEY table_owner tabl Oracle Database 11g Create Table RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPT table_owner VARCHAR 128 NOT s TT_VARCHAR 39 TT_INTEGER e_name domain_id topic_name IONS NULL table_name VARCHAR 128 NOT NULL domain_id NUMBER 10 NOT NULL topic_name VARCHAR 200 type_name VARCHAR 200 table_history_depth NUMBER 1 process_batch NUMBER 10 process_period sec NUMBE process_period nsec NUMB commit_type VARCHAR 17 cache_maximum_size NUMB cache_initial_size NUMB H
56. TEN 4 35 ASA P blications Tablesnori a a a a hen San ee ea ain hs 4 36 4 5 2 lt Subseriptions Tablet icsccis cdots ut seid ede hie ieee nati eet 4 50 4 5 3 Table Inif0 s i3s02 33053 Sscacsedasveodoessdevsoastapaniagneedelaezvens das E A e a A eee vondeeteenk 4 72 45 4 Log Tables a aa a A S eens 4 74 User Table Creation isiccg iscsi nae a e E A A E E ERA AA 4 76 Enabling Monitoring in Real Time Connect s sssssssssssssesiesissesritieriesessrenieneesreseenes 4 79 IDL SQL Semantic and Data Mapping 5 1 5 2 Semantic Mappi gestare neen inoa ee e e E E 5 1 Data Representation Mapping s ssesrsessertesstssessertesstssesserteestssesnerteeststsnenteentssessnentereests 5 3 5 21 IDE to SOL Mapping nsrorire iie E E E TE 5 4 5 2 2 Primitive Types Mapping cccccccsesssseseseseseeeeecsesesensesescseseesecsesesseeeseseseeesessenees 5 7 5 2 3 Oracle In Memory Database Cache Mapping ccccceesesesssesesesescseneeseseees 5 11 5 24 Bit Held Mapping enserio ei Weeedveseteies e e a a a e p E E 5 11 5 2 9 Enum Iypes Mappihig marsessoeriviieetivisied iuti i a A eis 5 13 5 2 6 gt Simple IDE Str ct reS ryssen sessi siere aeaee Sde ES E Seos p ISEA Ee VES SERE e BEESTE a 5 13 9 2 7 Complex IDL Structures nisin iaee aei sted ar ae alansa 5 13 5 2 8 Array Fields ssnanene ese a eo E aa a a ASE 5 15 9 2 9 Sequence Fields osnon a e aayi a p ES 5 16 5 210 NULE Values enaa aaa bie aid aa a aa 5 16 9 21 SparseiData Types inin ara
57. ULL table_name VARCHAR 128 NOT NULL type_code VARBINARY 65000 PRIMARY KEY table_owner table_name Oracle TimesTen with command line option typeMode 0 Create Table RTIRTC_TBL_ INFO table_owner TT_VARCHAR 128 NOT NULL table_name TT_VARCHAR 128 NOT NULL type_code VARBINARY 65000 PRIMARY KEY table_owner table_name Meta Tables Oracle Create Table RTIRTC_TBL_INFO MySQL table_owner VARCHAR 128 table_name VARCHAR 128 type_code BLOB PRIMARY KEY table_owner table_name Create Table RTIRTC_TBL_INFO Table 4 18 describes the meta table columns table_owner VARCHAR 128 table_name VARCHAR 128 NOT NULL NOT NULL NOT NULL NOT NULL type_code VARBINARY 65000 RTIRTC_SCN BIGINT DEFAULT 0 PRIMARY KEY table_owner table_name Table 4 18 RTIRTC_TBL_INFO Table Schema 4 5 3 1 1 4 5 3 1 2 Column Name SQL Type Nullable Default if NULL Described In table_owner VARCHAR 128 No N A Section 4 5 3 1 1 table_name VARCHAR 128 No N A type_code VARCHAR 65000 Yes NULL Section 4 5 3 1 2 table_owner table_name These columns specify the user table associated with the meta information described in the other columns Because a DBMS uses a combination of lt table_owner gt lt table_name gt to identify a table both of these columns must have valid values Note In MySQL the value of
58. WUDWSS TOS 1AI S IDL SQL Semantic and Data Mapping Table 5 2 5 8 Basic Types in IDL and SQL TimesTen Continued IDL SQL Type SQL Type Table IDL Type Field Name TypeMode 0 TypeMode 1 Column Name sequence lt char x gt my_field TT_VARCHAR x VARCHAR x my_field or VARCHAR2 x wchar my_field TT_NCHAR x NCHAR 1 my_field or NCHAR 1 wchar x my_field TT_NCHAR x or NCHAR x my_field NCHAR x sequence lt wchar x gt my_field TT_NVARCHAR x NVARCHAR x _ my_field or NVARCHAR2 x octet my_field BINARY 1 BINARY 1 my_field octet x my_field BINARY x BINARY x my_field sequence lt octet x gt my_field VARBINARY x VARBINARY x my_field boolean my_field TT_TINYINT TINYINT my_field short my_field TT_SMALLINT SMALLINT my_field unsigned short my_field TT_SMALLINT SMALLINT my_field unsigned my_field TT_INTEGER INTEGER my_field unsigned long my_field TT_INTEGER INTEGER my_field double my_field BINARY_DOUBLE DOUBLE my_field float my_field BINARY_FLOAT REAL my_field string lt x gt my_field TT_VARCHAR x or VARCHAR x my_field str a VARCHAR2 x wstring lt x gt my_field TT_NVARCHAR x NVARCHAR x my_field str d or NVARCHAR2 x long long my_field TT_BIGINT BIGINT my_field unsigned long long my_field TT_BIGINT BIGINT
59. aReaders will end up with the same final value for a data instance If DataReaders used the reception timestamp the DataReaders may end up with different final values because data from different DataWriters may be received in a different order by different DataReaders See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also resolution_column Section 4 5 1 1 8 dr liveliness lease_dur These columns specify the lease duration for the DDS_LivelinessQosPolicy for the DataReader created to subscribe to Topic data that is stored in the table This value is useful when there are redundant DataWriters that publish values for the same data instance for the Topic and the value set for the lt dr ownership kind gt column is EXCLUSIVE_OWNERSHIP_QOS The liveliness of a DataWriter is monitored by the DataReader These columns control how quickly the DataReader can determine that the DataWriter with the highest owner ship strength has lost liveliness because heartbeat packets or data were not received within the liveliness lease duration When liveliness is lost the DataReader will then receive the data instance from the DataWriter with the next highest ownership strength that is still alive The possible values of the lt drliveliness lease_dur sec gt seconds and lt dr liveli ness lease_dur nsec gt nanoseconds columns are l An infinite lease duration is specified if both columns are NULL or contain
60. able schema or database name domain_id This column specifies the domain ID that will be used to subscribe to Topics whose val ues will be stored in the table Before creating a DataReader if no DomainParticipant has previously been created with the domain ID the Real Time Connect Daemon will cre ate a DomainParticipant with the specified ID If the subscriptions entry has an associated QoS profile Real Time Connect will use the values in this profile to create the participant The participant will also be configured using the QoS values of a profile when the attribute is_default_qos is set to 1 in that profile see the RTI Core Libraries and Utilities User s Manual for additional details Meta Tables 4 5 2 1 3 4 5 2 1 4 topic_name type_name These columns define the Topic that will be subscribed to and whose received values will be stored in the associated table The lt topic_name gt and lt type_name gt entries need to match the Topic used by DataWriters sending data changes If the Real Time Connect Daemon has discovered the typecode associated with the lt type_name gt and the user table does not exist in the database the daemon will use the typecode to create the table using entries in the lt table_owner gt and lt table_name gt col umn See User Table Creation Section 4 6 for more details table_history_depth This column determines the number of values of each instance received by the Data
61. acket_char gt see page 4 25 L Sequence elements can contain the NULL value since not all elements may be used at a given time n u Note Sequences of the IDL types char wchar or octet map directly into the vari able length SQL types VARCHAR VARWCHAR and VARBINARY respectively Table 5 13 shows the mapping of a sequence field between IDL and SQL Table 5 13 Sequence Fields in IDL and SQL 5 2 10 5 16 IDL Type SQL Table Schema struct MySequenceContainer F CREATE TABLE MySequenceContainer my_key_field INTEGER NOT NULL my_seq field length INTEGER NOT NULL my seq field 0 SMALLINT my _seq_ field 1 SMALLINT my_seq_ field 2 SMALLINT my seq field 3 SMALLINT PRIMARY KEY my_key_field long my_key_field key sequence lt short 4 gt my_seq field NULL Values Null values exist in SQL databases but do not have an equivalent in IDL The Real Time Connect daemon converts NULL values into 0 values when publishing from a SQL table in the following way I numerical types 0 LI fixed length string types CHAR NCHAR Data Representation Mapping E variable length types VARCHAR NVARCHAR VARBINARY length 0 l binary every byte is set to 0 I timestamp 0 5 2 11 Sparse Data Types Sparse Data Types follow the same mapping as structures see Section 5 2 6 and Section 5 2 7 The f
62. ailable Documentation The following documentation is available for RTI Real Time Connect I The Release Notes RTILRTC_ReleaseNotes pdf This document provides an overview of the current release s features and lists changes since the previous release system require ments supported architectures and compatibility with other products L The Getting Started Guide RTI_RTC_GettingStarted pdf This document provides instal lation instructions a short Hello World tutorial and troubleshooting tips I The User s Manual RTI_RTC_UsersManual pdf This document starts with an overview of RTI Real Time Connect s basic concepts terminology and unique features It then describes how to develop and implement applications that use RTI Real Time Connect Additional Resources L The ODBC API Reference from Microsoft is available from http msdn microsoft com en us library ms714562 VS 85 aspx I The documentation for the Oracle TimesTen In Memory Database can be found in the doc directory of the Oracle TimesTen installation J The documentation for Oracle databases can be found here http www oracle com technology documentation index html I The documentation for MySQL databases can be found here http dev mysql com doc refman 5 1 en index html Contents 1 Welcome to RTI Real Time Connect 1 1 1 2 Intended Readers tee c esc ce Fc ccee ees Meee a dev de celle dessaeede ai cc a a A slbect tee 1 1 Background Read
63. al execution status The messages may be produced by the daemon or by Connext The messages produced by the daemon can be redirected to three possible destinations stdout stderr a file and log tables in the databases to which it is connected Each of these destinations may be enabled independently of each other The first two stdout stderr and file are controlled by com mand line parameters discussed above and the last log table is controlled in the configuration of a connection as discussed in Database Connection Options Section 4 4 4 3 In this Real Time Connect version the messages produced by Connext can be redirected only to stdout stderr version Prints the Real Time Connect version This parameter is only available for the rtirtc_oracle exe for Oracle Database 11g and the rtirtc_mysql exe for MySQL i F The Real Time Connect Daemon uses Connext to communicate queueDomainId lt domain ID gt with the MySQL and Oracle 11g servers This command line option sets the domain ID used for the connection between the daemon and the servers Default 1 4 13 JOO UUOD SU p La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 3 4 4 4 14 Environment Variables Since the Real Time Connect Daemon will be making connections to databases using ODBC on UNIX based systems the following environment variables may be used to find DSNs data source names via ODBCINI files J ODBCINI location o
64. ame virtual writer has been already stored in the database Meta Tables 4 5 2 1 12 4 5 2 1 13 4 5 2 1 14 persist_state This column specifies whether or not the state of a Real Time Connect subscription must be persisted into the database The field only applies when filter_duplicates Section 4 5 2 1 10 is set to 1 The subscription state is used on restore by Real Time Con nect in order to avoid receiving duplicate samples sub present access_scope sub present ordered_access These two columns map directly to the DDS_PresentationQosPolicy of the DDS_SubscriberQos used by the Subscriber that is created with the DataReader for stor ing received data in the table The DDS_PresentationQosPolicy specifies how the data instances sent by a publishing application are ordered before they are received The values of these columns must be coordinated with the values of the DDS_PresentationQosPolicy used by the Publisher in the sending application or else published data may not be received by the DataReader The possible values for the lt sub present access_scope gt column are LJ INSTANCE_PRESENTATION_QOS This also the default value if the column is NULL LJ TOPIC_PRESENTATION_QOS J GROUP_PRESENTATION_QOS The possible values for the lt sub present ordered_access gt column are J 0 default value if the column is NULL J1 For the best performance of the Real Time Connect Daemon you should set lt sub pr
65. anagement Group s OMG Data Distribution Service for Real Time Systems DDS Real Time Connect enables interoperability by 2 1 UOHONPOYU Z Introduction Figure 2 1 2 2 Real Time Connect Bridges Embedded and Enterprise Applications RTI Real Time Connect BPEL Process Daemon VETE GIE Connext 0 D gt 10 Cache Connect to High performance Permanent storage bridging between enterprise and embedded standards at the data and communications levels allowing existing applications to be integrated with few or no changes Real Time Connect also mitigates the performance mismatch between enterprise and embedded applications Real time applications using Connext can deliver messages and data at rates between 10 and 100 times faster than can be accepted by enterprise applica tions Real Time Connect decouples applications at the data level preventing high throughput real time messages and data from overwhelming applications managing business processes by buffering and storing all data in an in memory DBMS the Oracle TimesTen In Memory database which is bundled with Real Time Connect Oracle TimesTen is a memory optimized database delivering exceptionally high perfor mance enabling it to easily support the high data throughput of real time and embed ded applications Using the Oracle TimesTen Cache Connect to Oracle the data and messages buffered by the in memory database can be synchronized and stored in a disk based Orac
66. at will be used to truncate column names when a table is automatically cre ated If the default value 1 is used Real Time Connect will not truncate IDL member identifiers when these are used to create column names If a positive value n is provided Real Time Connect will use the first n characters from the IDL member identifier to compose the associ ated column name A value of 0 tells Real Time Connect to compose the column name using only the last characters of the identifiers as defined by lt idl_member_suffix_max_length gt This value can be overridden per table by assigning a value to the idl_member_prefix_max_length column in the meta tables Default 1 unlimited Oorl lt idl_member_suffix_ max_length gt Controls the suffix length of the IDL member identifiers that will be used to truncate column names when a table is automatically cre ated If a positive value n is provided Real Time Connect will use the last n characters from the IDL member identifier to compose the associ ated column name A value of 0 tells Real Time Connect to compose the column name using only the first characters of the identifiers as defined by lt idl_member_prefix_max_length gt This value can be overridden per table by assigning a value to the idl_member_suffix_max_length column in the meta tables Note that although lt idl_member_prefix_max_length gt and lt idl_member_suffix_max_length gt can be individ
67. atao e aK A aea Da SoA a aE 5 17 Error Codes Database Limits B 1 B 2 Maximum Columns for Oracle 11g ss ssssssssssessesssesissesresssesinstesessiesiestesensnenieneesnesneseente B 2 Maximum Columns fot MySQLssarernissun uire ilani B 2 Chapter 1 Welcome to RTI Real Time Connect 1 1 Welcome to RTI Real Time Connect a high performance solution for integrating appli cations and data across real time and enterprise systems from RTI Real Time Connect is the integration of two complementary technologies data centric publish subscribe middleware and relational database management systems RDBMS This powerful integration allows your applications to uniformly access data from real time embedded and enterprise data sources via RTI Connext formerly RTI Data Dis tribution Service or via database interfaces Since both these technologies are data cen tric and complementary they can be combined to enable a new class of applications In particular Connext can be used to produce a truly decentralized distributed RDBMS while RDBMS technology can be used to provide persistence for real time data Intended Readers This document presents the general concepts behind Real Time Connect s architecture and provides basic information on how to develop applications using Real Time Connect The chapters assume general knowledge of relational databases and SQL familiarity with the ODBC API IDL and the Connext API and a workin
68. atch gt is greater than 1 then it is essential that the lt process_period sec nsec gt is set to be non zero Thus the dae mon will process stored data periodically even if the total number of data samples received is less than lt process_batch gt lt process_period sec nsec gt is an upper limit on the amount of delay that will be incurred before received data is stored in the database The period can be set to 0 only if lt process_batch gt is set to 1 This means that the daemon will store each data sample as it is received so there is no need for periodic processing of the received samples Use these values to have the daemon store the data with minimal latency at the cost of lower overall throughput Finally using the column lt commit_type gt you can choose whether or not the SQL UPDATE INSERT statements are committed when each data sample is stored or after all of the data being processed have been stored There is significant performance enhancement if the storing of multiple data samples is committed as a single transac tion However if there is a problem during an SQL commit for example the transaction log of the database is full then the entire transaction is rolled back which means that none of the received data in that batch will be stored in the table If the storing of each data sample is committed separately then an error committing any one sample will only result in the loss of that sample The possible valu
69. ated with a table is 64 KB The meta information includes the column names The longer the column names the smaller the maximum number of columns Table B 2 provides information about the maximum number of columns that RTI was able to use for different column name lengths and column types For more information about MySQL restrictions on the number of columns see http dev mysql com doc refman 5 1 en column count limit html Maximum Columns for MySQL Table B 2 Max Number of Columns Use by RTI for Different Column Types and Name Lengths Column Type aero a Maximum Number of Columns INTEGER DOUBLE 30 1283 CHAR 50 VARCHAR 50 INTEGER 15 1823 DOUBLE CHAR 50 15 1308 VARCHAR 50 15 1283 a Limited by schema size b Limited by row size B 3 spw soqojoq g Database Limits
70. ation history kind KEEP_LAST_HISTORY_QOS Keeps one sample per primary key value These QoS changes have priority over the values set using QoS Profiles However they can be overwritten per publication and per subscription by setting the corresponding fields in the RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS and RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS meta tables see Section 4 5 1 and Section 4 5 2 1 2 Conflict Resolution Because there are no global network wide locks on records when a transaction is being executed conflicts can occur The best way to avoid conflicts is to have only one host modify a specific row instance or table topic but that is not always possible The sec Configuration File 4 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 2 ond best way is to design the application in such a way that conflicts can never occur for instance due to data flow dependencies But that also is often hard to achieve By default conflict resolution is not enabled when you set lt enable_table_replication gt to true You can enable conflict resolution by setting the column dr destination_order kind in RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS to BY_SOURCE_TIMESTAMP_DESTINATIONORDER_QOS see Section 4 5 2 1 17 With this setting eventual consistency can be guaranteed Conflicts can cause a tempo rary inconsistency between the databases but eventually these are resolved by the Real Time Connect conflict resolution mechanism By default conflicts are resolved using a timestamp corresponding t
71. ative order of changes seen by subscribers to the table The values of these columns must be coordinated with the values of the DDS_PresentationQosPolicy used by the Subscriber in the receiving application or else published data may not be received by the subscriber The possible values for the lt pub present access_scope gt column are Ll INSTANCE_PRESENTATION_QOS default value if the column is NULL LI TOPIC_PRESENTATION_QOS L GROUP_PRESENTATION_QOS The possible values for the lt pub present ordered_access gt column are I 0 default value if the column is NULL J1 For the best performance of the Real Time Connect Daemon you should set lt pub pres ent access_scope gt to TOPIC_PRESENTATION_QOS and lt pub pres ent ordered_access gt to 1 This will require that the corresponding values in the DDS_PresentationQosPolicy of the Subscriber in the receiving applications to be changed to those values as well See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also sub present access_scope sub present ordered_access Section 4 5 2 1 13 4 45 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 5 1 1 12 4 5 1 1 13 4 46 pub partition name For publishing table changes Real Time Connect creates a DataWriter per table The pub partition name column maps directly to the DDS_PartitionQosPolicy of the DDS_PublisherQos used by the Publisher that is crea
72. be used to create database tables The type description is done using the Connext XML format for type definitions For more information see Section 3 4 in the RTI Core Libraries and Utilities User s Manual For example lt types gt lt struct name Point gt lt member name x type long gt lt member name y type long gt lt struct gt lt types gt Real Time Connect supports automatic table creation by using the types defined within this tag or the typecode sent by Connext applications See Section 4 6 for additional information on user table cre ation Oorl Configuration File Table 4 2 Top Level Tags Tags within lt dds gt Description Number of tags Allowed lt real_time_connect gt Time Connect Daemon Daemon to connect to a database after Specifies a Real Time Connect configuration This tag is used to specify the set of databases to which the daemon will connect Note There is no way to dynamically configure the Real 1 r more 5 En required it has started All database connections must be specified within this tag before the daemon starts See Table 4 3 for a description of the elements contained inside lt real_time_connect gt Because a configuration file may contain multiple lt real_time_connect gt tags one file can be used to configure multiple daemon executions When you start RTI Real Time Connect you have to use the cfgName optio
73. bility of those business systems Real Time Connect is the first commercial product that interconnects the DDS standard newly established in the embedded world to the common standards of the enterprise world With Real Time Connect enterprise applications have direct access to real time data and real time applications have access to the plethora of processes and logic that has been developed to configure and direct actions based on business decisions Connectivity To Edge Devices For edge devices such as sensors and hand helds Real Time Connect integrates Connext applications with databases Applications can publish data into relational databases and subscribe to changes in relational databases using the standard Connext application programming interface Integration between Connext and relational database applications is supported by an IDL to SQL mapping that allows both types of applications to access a uniform data model Real Time Connect s Unique Features 2 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 5 Flexibility and Scalability By leveraging Connext Quality of Service QoS settings Real Time Connect supports an unprecedented variety of deployment configurations to accommodate a wide range of scenarios from reliable point to point delivery to best effort multicasting that enables real time transaction streaming to large numbers of subscribers By setting QoS policies system throughput response time reliability footprint and network bandwidth
74. ble with the QoS of a Connext 32770 Offered incompatible QoS subscription The name of the policy that is incompatible is shown in this warning message 32771 Sample lost message A Real Time Connect subscription lost a sample 32772 Sample rejected message lt a Connect subscription rejected a S POD 10113 Y Error Codes A 10 Appendix B Database Limits The maximum number of columns is limited by the underlying database product The maximum length of a column is independent of the database and it is limited to 30 char acters Table B 1 notes the database limits of Real Time Connect Table B 1 Real Time Connect Database Limits Oracle Oracle 11g TimesTen 11 2 1 MySQL 5 1 For subscriptions 1000 4096 although the effective maximum Maximum number of columns For publications 625 650 1 000 may be considerably See Section B 1 smaller see Section B 2 Maximum column name length characters 30 a a Not supported by RTC CLOB BLOB support YES Pee at by Maximum record size is 65535 bytes CHAR maximum size bytes 2000 8300 255P VARCHAR maximum size 4000 4194304 65535 bytes BINARY maximum size 2000 8300 255b bytes VARBINARY maximum size 2000 4194304 65535 bytes a This limit is imposed by Real Time Connect not MySQL which allows column names of up to 64 characters b The maximum size of a row in MySQL 5 1 is limited to 65535 For example
75. ctly translate a table record to a Connext data structure and vice versa Previ ously this translation had to be done by custom developed code J History Real Time Connect can store a history of received values of a data instance Nor mally an instance of a topic is mapped to a single row in the associated database with the IDL key used as the primary key for the table But when Real Time Con nect s data history feature is enabled multiple samples of a topic instance can be stored across multiple rows in the same table of the database supporting both real time and off line analysis based on historical data LJ Configurable QoS Real Time Connect exposes many of the QoS attributes defined by the DDS stan dard This gives the user full control over the quality of service when capturing real time data or subscribing to changes in the database Supported QoS attri butes include reliability durability multicasting delivery ordering and many others 3 3 ainjoopyoiy E Architecture 3 2 Capturing Real Time Data in a DBMS Figure 3 2 shows how Real Time Connect can be used to capture real time data streams generated by embedded Connext applications into one or more tables in a in memory DBMS In this scenario the Real Time Connect Daemon has been configured with user customizable QoSs to subscribe to Topics When new values arrive the daemon stores the data in the appropriate table in the database Mapping the Topic d
76. cy the daemon can be configured to handle larger typecodes for complex IDL types The Real Time Connect Daemon will store all the typecodes that it receives with discov ered Topics These typecodes may be used by the daemon to create user accessible tables in the database from which changes are published or data received via Connext is stored See Publications Table Section 4 5 1 and Subscriptions Table Section 4 5 2 for more information of how typecodes are used by the daemon Command Line Parameters 4 2 Command Line Parameters Any user can start a Real Time Connect Daemon The user name ID and password with which it connects to a database is specified in the configuration file see Table 4 8 When starting a Real Time Connect Daemon the following command line parameters are supported the cfgName parameter is required Usage rtirtc_mysql Options cfgFile lt file gt cfgName lt name gt appName lt name gt logFile lt file gt noDaemon use42eAlignment queueLibPath lt path gt queueDomainiId lt int gt dbTransport lt 1 2 gt typeMode lt 0 1 gt options Configuration file This parameter is optional since the configuration can be loaded from other locations Configuration name This parameter is required and it is used to find a lt real_time_connect gt matching tag in the configuration files Application name Used to name the domain participants Default cfgName Lo
77. depth gt is ignored See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also dr res_limits max_samples dr res_limits max_instances Section 4 5 2 1 23 dr ownership kind These columns directly map to the DDS_OwnershipQosPolicy and DDS_Ownership StrengthQosPolicy for the DataReader created to subscribe to Topic data that is stored in the table These policies control whether or not the DataReader is allowed to receive changes to an instance of a Topic from multiple DataWriters simultaneously The possible values of the lt dr ownership kind gt column are LI SHARED_OWNERSHIP_QOS default value if the column is NULL This setting allows the DataReader to receive updates for an instance of a Topic from multiple DataWriters at the same time LI EXCLUSIVE_OWNERSHIP_QOS This setting prevents the DataReader from receiving changes from more than a single DataWriter for an instance of a Topic at the same time The DataReader will receive changes for a topic instance from the DataWriter with the greatest value of ownership strength If the liveliness of the DataWriter fails or if the DataWriter fails to write within a deadline period then the DataReader will receive published changes to the topic instance from the DataWriter with the next highest ownership strength See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also drliveliness lease_dur Section 4 5
78. ding table If user applications modify an existing row in the RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS table the Real Time Connect Daemon will first delete the DataWriter that was created for that entry if it exists and then go through the same process of trying to create the user table and DataWriter as if the row was newly inserted If user applications delete an existing row in the RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS table the Real Time Connect Daemon will delete the associated DataWriter if it exists Meta Tables A flow chart describing this logic is provided below UPDATE INSERT Goes user table exist does type code exist 4 5 1 1 Publications Table Schema delete existing pub create new pub create user table in DB if necessary create DomainParticipant No defer creation until tyoecode is discovered The RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS table is created with the following SQL statement Oracle TimesTen with command line option typeMode 1 Create Table RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS table_owner VARCHAR 128 NOT NUI LL table_name VARCHAR 128 NOT NULI domain_id INTEGER NOT NULL topic_name VARCHAR 200 Ly 4 37 JOOUUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 38 type_name VARCHAR 200 table_history_depth INTEGER resolution_column VARCHAR 255 idl_member_prefix_max_length INTEGER idl_member_suffix_max_length INTEGER profile_name VARCHAR 255 pub presen
79. e idl_member_suffix_max_length column A value of 1 instructs Real Time Connect to use all the available characters If a positive value n is provided for idl_member_suffix_max_length Real Time Connect will use the last n characters from the IDL member identifier to compose the associated column name A value of 0 tells Real Time Connect to compose the column name using only the first characters of the identifiers as defined by the idl_member_prefix_max_length column A value of 1 instructs Real Time Connect to use all the available characters Meta Tables 4 5 1 1 10 profile_name 4 5 1 1 11 This column specifies the name of the QoS Profile that Real Time Connect will use to cre ate the publication The name must have the following format lt QoS profile library name gt lt QoS profile name gt See the Connext documentation for a complete description of QoS Profiles The QoS values specified in the publication table if they are not NULL take precedence over the same values specified in the QoS profile pub present access_scope pub present ordered_access These two columns map directly to the DDS_PresentationQosPolicy of the DDS_PublisherQos used by the Publisher that is created with the DataWriter for pub lishing changes to the table The DDS_PresentationQosPolicy specifies how the samples representing changes to data instances are presented to a subscribing application The specific columns affect the rel
80. e octet and octet x which can be treated the same and sequence lt octet x gt which must be treated differ ently by the Real Time Connect Daemon NOTE Because of the use of suffixes in the mapping of identifiers of certain IDL data types the identifiers str Id and bin are reserved keywords that should not be used as the name of fields in IDL structures For example the following IDL definitions have the same SQL mapping which would in result in the incorrect treatment of the type Foo2 by the daemon Each would result in a table schema that would have the ten columns named my_field 0 str my_field 1 str my_field 2 str struct Fool struct Bar string lt 10 gt my_field and sequence lt char 10 gt str Fi i struct Foo2 struct Bar my_field Primitive Types Mapping The following tables show the mapping between basic types in IDL and SQL LJ Table 5 2 Basic Types in IDL and SQL TimesTen on page 5 7 LI Table 5 3 Basic Types in IDL and SQL Oracle on page 5 9 LJ Table 5 4 Basic Types in IDL and SQL MySQL on page 5 10 Basic Types in IDL and SQL TimesTen IDL SQL Type SQL Type Table IDL Type Field Name TypeMode 0 TypeMode 1 Column Name char my_field TT_CHAR 1 CHAR 1 my_field or CHAR 1 char x my_field TT_CHAR x CHAR x my_field or CHAR x 5 7 Buiddpo opoq pup OH
81. e and MySQL databases since there is no default user for database connections It is optional for Oracle TimesTen if this attribute is missing then the connection to the database will use the username of the UID who owns the Real Time Connect Daemon process 1 required in lt mysql_connection gt and lt oracle_connection gt 0 or 1 optional in lt timesten_connection gt lt password gt lt send_period gt Specifies the password to connect to the database The send_period value specifies the milliseconds interval at which the Real Time Connect Daemon pub lishes database changes The value must be greater than or equal to 0 With a value of 0 the daemon pub lishes database changes as soon as they are available A shorter time interval reduces latency Default 100 ms 1 required in lt mysql_connection gt and lt oracle_connection gt 0 or 1 optional in lt timesten_connection gt Oorl 4 27 JOO UUOD SU p La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect Table 4 8 Common Tags for all Database Connections Common Tags for lt mysql_connection gt lt oracle_connection gt lt timesten_connection gt Description Number of Tags Allowed lt database_logging gt lt enabled gt lt history_depth gt If enabled the Real Time Connect Daemon s log mes sages will be stored in a table named RTIRTC_LOG in the database specified by the DSN Optionally
82. e changes to the table will be violated See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also dr deadline period Section 4 5 2 1 19 dw history kind dw history depth These columns directly map to the DDS_HistoryQosPolicy for the DataWriter created to publish table changes The values set for this QoS policy affect the DDS_ReliabilityQosPolicy and the DDS_DurabilityQosPolicy Using a KEEP_ALL_HISTORY_QOS will ensure that reliable DataReaders will receive every change to the table reliably With a KEEP_LAST_HISTORY_QOS the Real Time Connect Daemon will only guarantee that the last lt dw history depth gt changes for each data instance are sent reliably If the lt dw durability kind gt column of the row is set to TRANSIENT_LOCAL_DURA BILITY_QOS then these columns determine how many past data changes are sent to new subscribers to table changes The possible values of the lt dw history kind gt and lt dw history depth gt columns are I KEEP_LAST_HISTORY_QOS For this setting the column lt dw history depth gt determines how many pub lished changes for each data instance in the table are stored in the DataWriter to support reliability or durability lt dw history depth gt should be set to an integer greater than 0 The default value for history depth is 1 if this column is NULL LI KEEP_ALL_HISTORY_QOS default value if the column is NULL This setting i
83. e to SQL type mapping described in Chapter 5 IDL SQL Seman tic and Data Mapping Then the daemon will proceed to create the associated DataReader More about the creation of user tables by the daemon can be found in User Table Creation Section 4 6 How the daemon discovers and stores typecodes is described in Typecodes Section 4 1 4 If the Real Time Connect Daemon does not yet have a typecode associated with the type_name it will defer the creation of the DataReader until the typecode is discovered When a new typecode is discovered the daemon will scan all rows in the RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS meta table and create the user tables and DataReaders for entries that were pending on the discovery of the typecode The daemon will also create the DataReader if there is an entry in the RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS table without an associated typecode but the user subse quently creates the corresponding table If user applications modify an existing row in the RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS table the Real Time Connect Daemon will first delete the DataReader that was created for that entry if it exists and then go through the same process of trying to create the user table and DataReader as if the row was newly inserted If user applications delete an existing row in the RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS table the Real Time Connect Daemon will delete the associated DataReader if it exists JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn 7 Using Real Time Connect A flow char
84. ema when it creates the user table automatically A table s schema or definition cannot be changed to accommodate the table his tory meta columns after a table has been created So a non zero value for this col umn is useful if the user wants the table to be created with the ability to store historic values in support of entries in the RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS table that may be made later resolution_column This column is used to designate one of the columns of the user table for use as the time stamp when data changes are published with the DataWriter Instead of using the sys tem time when a row in the user table changes the Real Time Connect Daemon will take the current value of the designated column and use it in the DataW riter write_w_timestamp method when publishing the value of the row The possible values for the lt resolution_column gt column are LI NULL 4 43 JO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 5 1 1 9 4 44 If this column is NULL then the Real Time Connect Daemon will just call DDS DataWriter write to publish the table changes This implies that the source timestamp used by Connext will be the system time when the write occurred LJ column_name The column name of any column in the user table that has a valid type The col umn must be one of the following SOL types INTEGER SMALLINT BIGINT or TIMESTAMP If the user directs the daemon to use a column from the use
85. en by users and modified whenever data types or Topics change Using Real Time Con nect no programming is required to create a high performance bridge for any topic of any data type between any domains Figure 3 5 Storing Published Connext Data in a SQL Database write RTI Real Time Connect Daemon p Relatio Databi gt Embedded Embedded 3 7 eINjOeHYyoy E Architecture 3 6 Figure 3 6 3 8 High Rate Data Streams Cached before Storage While disk based persistent databases can store terabytes of data the performance of such DBMSs is usually too low to capture data of real time applications streaming at ultra high rates of tens of thousands to over a million samples per second Figure 3 6 shows how Real Time Connect can use the Oracle TimesTen In Memory database as a front end cache to the persistent Oracle database with Cache Connect to Oracle trans ferring table data from memory to disk in the background This solution enables the archival of high throughput Connext data streams that would otherwise be uncaptureable by standard database technologies High rate Data Streams are Cached Before Storing onto Disk RDBI Oracle TimesTe High Performance In Memory Database Table Tracks Table Passengers Fit Lat Long Fit Name Addrs C129 34 5 102 3 C129 A Johnson C054 27 7 46 8 C054 J Smith
86. es ent access_scope gt to TOPIC_PRESENTATION_QOS and lt sub pres ent ordered_access gt to 1 This will require that the corresponding values in the DDS_PresentationQosPolicy of the Publisher in the sending applications to be changed to those values as well See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also pub present access_scope pub present ordered_access Section 4 5 1 1 11 sub partition name For capturing data in a table Real Time Connect creates a DataReader per Topic The sub partition name column maps directly to the DDS_PartitionQosPolicy of the DDS_SubscriberQos used by the Subscriber that is created with the DataReader The 4 65 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn 7 Using Real Time Connect 4 5 2 1 15 4 5 2 1 16 4 66 DDS_PartitionQosPolicy introduces a logical partition concept inside the physical par tition concept introduced by the domain ID A Subscriber can communicate with a Pub lisher only if they have some partition in common The value of the sub partition name column specifies a list of partitions separated by commas to which the Subscriber belongs See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also pub partition name Section 4 5 1 1 12 dr durability kind This column maps directly to the DDS_DurabilityQosPolicy of the DataReader created to subscribe to Topic data that is stored in the table By changin
87. es of the lt process_batch gt column are Lln gt 0 The daemon will process data samples in batches of n A value less than or equal to 0 will result in an error that is logged by the daemon A value of n 1 means that the daemon will store each data sample as it arrives The default value is 10 if this column is NULL 4 61 JOOUUOD SUL p La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect The possible values of the lt process_period sec gt seconds and lt process_period nsec gt nanoseconds columns are Lo If both columns are 0 then the daemon will not commit received samples peri odically Ll n gt 0 A background thread will process received but un stored data at the period spec ified by these columns It is essential that a non zero period be used if lt process_batch gt is greater than 1 to insure that all received data is eventually stored The default value for process period is 0 1 seconds 0 sec 100000000 nanosec if both columns are NULL The possible values of the lt commit_type gt column are LJ COMMIT_ON_PROCESS default value if the columns are NULL This value will direct the Real Time Connect Daemon to commit the storage of a batch of data as a single transaction This will result in higher performance at the risk of losing more data than necessary when the transaction is rolled back because an error with the database I COMMIT_ON_SAMPLE This value will direct the daemon to commit
88. escribed by IDL to the equivalent SQL table schema is done automatically by the daemon with no user con figuration necessary Figure 3 2 Storing Published Connext Data in a SQL Database 3 4 write Daemon write gt RTI Real Time Connect gt UPoATEINSERT Table Tracks Table Passengers Fit Lat Long Fit Name Addrs write C129 34 5 102 3 C129 A Johnson C054 27 7 46 8 C054 J Smith Embedded Enterprise Remote Real Time Notification of Table Changes 3 3 Remote Real Time Notification of Table Changes Figure 3 3 shows how Real Time Connect can be used to notify remote Connext applica tions running in embedded devices of time critical changes in the database In this sce nario the Real Time Connect Daemon has been configured with user customizable QoSs to publish Topics whenever the specified table changes in the database Mapping the SQL table schema to the equivalent Topic described by IDL is done automatically by the daemon no user configuration necessary Figure 3 3 Storing Published Connext Data in a SQL Database SQL UPDATE INSERT COC g RTI Real Time Connect ADI ee ae 3 pp Daemon Relational Databas write SQL SELECT Table Tracks Table Passengers at ong Fit Name Addrs C129 34 5 102 3 sk C054 27 7 46 8 C054 J Smith Embedded A E Enterprise 3 5 IN o JyIy E Architecture 3 4 Figure 3 4 3 6 Bidirectional Integration Figure 3 4 sh
89. escription Language Defined by table schema IDL data structures to table schemas is described in Data Representation Mapping Section 5 2 Topic Table Topic names and table names do not have to be the same when making a correspondence between a Topic and a database table Data values Key IDL data types may con tain one or more fields that are used to distinguish dif ferent instances of the Topic Rows in table No history A single row in a table History Multiple rows in a table Primary key Most relational data bases require table schemes to identify one or more columns to act as the primary key for the table When the Real Time Connect Daemon table history option is turned OFF see Sections 4 5 1 1 7 and 4 5 2 1 4 only the last value of a topic instance is stored in the table So a non keyed topic will be stored in a single row whereas for keyed topics there will be as many rows as there are topic instances When the Real Time Connect Daemon table history option is turned ON each instance will occupy up to a user settable maximum number of rows so that the last N values received for the Topic are stored in the table When N values have been stored the N rows are used as a circular buffer so that new values received will overwrite the oldest values stored Keys are mapped to the primary keys of a table When a table is created by the Real Time Connect Daemon the columns corresponding to
90. f the data when it was sent or the one associated with the data when it was received the DataReader will use This column has no practical effect unless the value of the lt dr ownership kind gt column is SHARED_OWNERSHIP_QOS The possible values for the lt dr destinaton_order kind gt column are LJ BY_RECEPTION_TIMESTAMP_DESTINATIONORDER_QOS default value if the column is NULL This configures the DataReader to use the timestamp of when the data was received to determine whether or not to drop the data In practice this setting means all data received from all DataWriters will be accepted since the time stamp will always be newer for the new data L BY_SOURCE_TIMESTAMP_DESTINATIONORDER_QOS This value means that the DataReader will use the timestamp that was sent with the data in determining whether or not to accept the data This timestamp was added by the DataWriter when the data was published Because different 4 67 JOO UUOD SUL De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 5 2 1 18 4 68 DataWriters may run in applications on different machines it is likely that the clocks on the different machines are only synchronized to a certain resolution or not synchronized at all Thus the DataReader may receive data with timestamps older than the last data that received and thus drop those data However if all DataReaders of the same Topic used the source timestamp to filter the data then all Dat
91. f INI file for database connections If not set ODBCINI will be set to S6HOME odbc ini where HOME is the home directory of the user who started the daemon _ SYSODBCINI location of system INI file used if the DSN is not found in the file specified by ODBCINI If the Real Time Connect Daemon cannot find a valid DSN in any ODBC INI file then no connections to any databases can be made On a Windows system the equivalent functionality of the ODBCINI file is found in the Windows registry You create and modify DSNs using the application found in Start Programs Administrative Tools Data Sources ODBC Configuration File When you start Real Time Connect you can provide a configuration file in XML format it is not required Among other things this file can be used to specify the set of data bases to which the daemon will connect and the properties of the database connections This section describes I How to Load the XML Configuration Section 4 4 1 LI XML Syntax and Validation Section 4 4 2 I Top Level XML Tags Section 4 4 3 I Database Configuration Using the Real Time Connect XML Tag Section 4 4 4 Configuration File 4 4 1 How to Load the XML Configuration Real Time Connect loads its XML configuration from multiple locations This section presents the various approaches listed in load order The first three locations only contain QoS Profiles and are inherited from Connext see Chapter 15 in the RTI
92. g file Run as a regular process Messages are sent to stdout and stderr Enables compatibility with RTI Data Distribution Service 4 2e This option should be used when compatibility with 4 2e is required and the topic data types contain double long long unsigned long long or long double members Location of the library rtirtc_oracleq Default SORACLE_HOME bin Domain ID of the channel connecting the MySQL server with RTI Real Time Connect Default 1 Transport used to communicate the MySQL server with RTI Real Time Connect 1 UDPv4 2 Shared Memory Default 2 Shared memory Type mode Specifies whether the names and semantics of the data types follow Oracle or TimesTen type rules 4 9 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect Default 0 Oracle type mode verbosity 0 6 RTI Real Time Connect verbosity 0 silent 1 exceptions Core Libraries and Service 2 warnings Service 3 information Service 4 warnings Core Libraries and Service 5 tracing Service 6 tracing Core Libraries and Service Default 1 exceptions version Prints the RTI Real Time Connect version licenseFile lt file gt help Table 4 1 Command line Options License file This parameter is optional Displays this information Option Description appName lt application name gt Assigns a name to the Real Time Connect execution The application name is used to set the
93. g knowledge of the C C programming languages QWODIOM L Welcome to RTI Real Time Connect 1 2 Background Reading For information on distributed systems and databases I George Coulouris Jean Dollimore Tim Kindberg Distributed Systems Concepts and Design 3rd edition Addison Wesley 2000 I M Tamer Ozsu Patrick Valduriez Principles of Distributed Database Systems 2nd Edition Prentice Hall 1999 LJ Andrew S Tanenbaum Maarten van Steen Distributed Systems Principles and Paradigms 1st edition Prentice Hall 2002 For information on real time systems I Qing Li Caroline Yao Real Time Concepts for Embedded Systems CMP Books 2003 I Doug Abbott Linux for Embedded and Real Time Applications Butterworth Heine mann 2002 LI David E Simon An Embedded Software Primer Addison Wesley 1999 For information on SQL LI Joe Celko Joe Celko s SQL for Smarties Advanced SQL Programming expanded 2nd Edition Morgan Kaufmann 1999 I Rick van der Lans Introduction to SQL Mastering the Relational Database Language 3rd edition Addison Wesley 1999 For information on ODBC I Microsoft Corporation Microsoft ODBC 2 0 Software Development Kit and Program mer s Reference Microsoft Press 1997 For information on the C programming language I Brian W Kernighan Dennis M Ritchie The C programming Language 2nd edition Prentice Hall Software Series 1988 Chapter 2 Introduction 2 1 Thi
94. g this policy the DataReader can be configured to request for past values published for the Topic to be sent by existing applications soon as their matching DataWriters are discovered The DataWriter s DDS_DurabilityQosPolicy most also be set appropriately to permit the sending of historic or past published data In addition the column lt dr realiabil ity kind gt for the entry must be set to RELIABLE_RELIABILITY_QOS for historic data to be received The possible values for the lt dr durability kind gt column are LI VOLATILE_DURABILITY_QOS default value if the column is NULL This value means that the DataReader does not request past data to be sent LI TRANSIENT_LOCAL_DURABILITY_QOS This value requests that existing DataWriters of the Topic send past data that they are storing to the DataReader See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also dw durability kind Section 4 5 1 1 13 and dr reliability kind Section 4 5 2 1 16 dr reliability kind This column sets the DDSReliabilityQosPolicy for the DataReader created to subscribe to Topic data that is stored in the table The value in this column determines whether or not DataWriters will send their data reliably to the DataReader If the value for lt dr durability kind gt is TRANSIENT_LOCAL_DURABILITY_QOS then the value for this column must be set to RELIABLE_RELIABILITY_QOS The possible values fo
95. gt default QoS 1026 Error getting lt entity gt QoS 1027 Error setting lt entity gt QoS 1028 Error creating lt entity gt 1029 Error getting lt entity gt 1030 Error enabling lt entity gt 1031 Error cloning type code 1032 Error reading RTI DDS samples 1033 Error setting lt entity gt user data 1034 Error disposing RTI DDS instance 1035 Error unregistering RTI DDS instance 1036 Error writing RTI DDS sample 1037 Error ignoring lt entity gt 1038 Error creating lt waitset type gt waitset 1039 Error waiting in lt waitset type gt waitset 1040 Error getting builtin transport property 1041 Error setting builtin transport property 1042 Error creating lt waitset type gt guard condi tion 1043 Error attaching condition 1044 Error registering type lt type gt 1045 Error taking REDA buffer 1046 Error creating mutex 1047 Error creating lt thread gt thread 1048 Error creating REDA fast buffer 1049 Error taking semaphore Table A 1 Real Time Connect Errors and Warnings Code Message Details 1050 Error giving semaphore 1051 Error creating worker factory 1052 Error creating worker 1053 Error creating clock 1054 Error creating event manager 1055 Error creating timer 1056 Error posting event 1057 Error getting time 1058 Error creating semaphore 1059 Error loading DDS XML Profile 1060 Error getting TypeCode 1061 Error cloning TypeCode
96. gt meta columns below If the IDL type does have key fields then the fields will be mapped into columns that are marked as primary keys This meta column is not added and the table can contain as many rows as there are different instance keys primary keys RTIRTC_HISTORY_SLOT and RTIRTC_HISTORY_ORDER These SQL INTEGER columns are used to implement the ability of the Real Time Connect Daemon to store multiple values historical of the same data instance into a table Usually a single data instance maps to a single row of a table As new values for the instance is received by the daemon the value of the same row is changed However users may use the lt table_history_depth gt columns see Sections 45 1 1 7 and 45 21 4 of the RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS and RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS meta tables to direct the daemon to store multiple past values of a data instance These values are be stored in multiple rows of a table To support table history the daemon must add the meta columns Enabling Monitoring in Real Time Connect 4 7 lt RTIRTC_HISTORY_SLOT gt and lt RTIRTC_HISTORY_ORDER gt to a table They will only be added if the lt table_history_depth gt column for an entry is non NULL and has a non 0 value The lt RTIRTC_HISTORY_SLOT gt is an auto increment column that will also be added as a primary key column of the table The lt RTIRTC_HISTORY_ORDER gt is a column that will contain a number that is incremented as data is stored
97. hat row User should use a combination of the instance key and the value of RTIRTC_HISTORY_ORDER to find the latest data received for an instance in the table 4 59 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 5 2 1 5 4 60 The possible values for the lt table_history_depth gt column are LI NULL or 0 Only the current value of an instance of the Topic is stored For non keyed topics this implies the table will only have a single row For keyed topics each instance will correspond to a single row in the table This is the most common value for tables that are published with Connext No meta columns are added to help manage history 1 Exactly the same behavior as NULL or 0 a single value is stored in the table per instance of the Topic However table history meta columns are added to the table schema if the Real Time Connect Daemon creates the user table automati cally This value is useful for preparing the table to store more than a single value per instance after the table is created Because table schema cannot be changed to accommodate the table history meta columns after a table has been created using a value of 1 for this column is useful if the user wants to store historic val ues of instances but does not know how many instances to store at the time the entry is made LIn gt 1 Meta columns will be added to accommodate the storing of historic values for instances The last n values recei
98. hat the daemon has called and returned an error This column may have NULL entries Finally the message column will contain a statement with details on why the message was generated For a complete list of possible error codes and messages that can be generated by the Real Time Connect Daemon please see Appendix A User Table Creation The Real Time Connect Daemon may create tables automatically for user applications in the database when entries are made in the RTIIDDS_PUBLICATIONS or RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS meta tables see Sections 4 5 1 and 4 5 2 The daemon will User Table Creation create the table with the table owner and table name specified in an entry in one of those tables if 1 There is no existing table in the database with the same lt table_owner gt lt table_name gt identifier and 2 A type corresponding to the lt type_name gt column for the entry has been defined in the XML configuration file see Section 4 4 3 or A typecode corresponding to the lt type_name gt column for the entry has been discovered If either condition above is not satisfied then the daemon will not create the user table If the user table already exists then the daemon will attempt to use that table when pub lishing or subscribing to Topics It is up to the user to create the table with a schema that maps to the Topic IDL type See Data Representation Mapping Section 5 2 for details on how SQL table schemas and IDL types a
99. he Real Time Connect Daemon has started and successfully made a connection to a database the user will still need to configure the daemon to publish table changes as Topics as well as subscribe to Topics for storing received data into a table This configu ration is done by inserting entries into two tables RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS and RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS These tables will be created by the Real Time Connect Dae mon if they do not already exist in the database The two tables are referred to as meta tables since their data is not user data but informa tion used by the daemon to create DataWriters and DataReaders as well as correspond ing user tables in the database The tables are just ordinary tables that users can create themselves before starting the Real Time Connect Daemon if so desired However if the user chooses to do so it is important that the tables be created with the exact tables sche mas presented below otherwise the daemon may not work correctly If the daemon finds existing meta tables upon startup it will process every row in the tables as if they were newly inserted The meta tables RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS and RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS can be populated using the lt publication gt and lt subscrip tion gt tags in the configuration file see Section 4 4 4 4 or running Insert Update SQL statements There are two more meta tables created by the Real Time Connect Daemon L The meta table RTIRTC_TBL_INFO will store the typecode associa
100. he use of the same SQL type to hold more than one IDL type For example an IDL long double has no equivalent in SQL Thus a SQL BINARY 16 does double duty and is used to store both an IDL long double as well as an IDL octet 16 If a long double could be treated the same as an octet 16 by the Real Time Connect Daemon then there would be no issue and no special name mapping would be needed However because the representation of a long double is Endianess dependent while an octet 16 is not the Real Time Connect Daemon must use the column name to decide whether or not a SQL BINARY 16 value needs to be byte swapped or not when con verting to an IDL data type Since long double has no equivalent SQL type a 1d must be appended to the name of a SQL BINARY 16 column that is used to store one Similarly a suffix of str is used to indicate that a SQL VARCHAR x stores IDL string which is a NULL terminated sequence of the primitive type char Without the suffix in the column name a SQL VARCHAR x naturally stores a sequence of chars the IDL type sequence lt char x gt Data Representation Mapping 5 2 2 Table 5 2 For the Oracle database but not the Oracle TimesTen In Memory database the IDL octet octet x and sequence lt octet x gt are all stored in the Oracle type RAW A suffix of bin is used to distinguish between using RAW to stor
101. hort my_short_field Di a IDL fields marked as keys are mapped to the primary keys of SQL tables Complex IDL Structures IDL structures that contain more complex fields fields that are structures unions or n u sequences and arrays of types other than octet char or wchar are mapped to SQL 5 13 Buiddpo opoq pup yupw s TOS 1AI S IDL SQL Semantic and Data Mapping tables by flattening the embedded structures so that their fields are all at the top and only level Structure fields Elements of embedded structures map into individual table columns with names that are hierarchically composed from the name of the field in the embedded structure and the name of the embedded structure field itself This naming convention is not required for serialization to work properly Just as long as the column types map to the types of the embedded structure then the Real Time Connect Daemon will properly handle the data irrelevant of the actual column name Table 5 10 shows the mapping of a complex structure between IDL and SQL Table 5 10 Nested Structures in IDL and SQL 5 14 IDL Type SQL Table Schema struct MyStruct short my_short_field long my_long_field Jz CREATE TABLE MyStructContainer my_key_field INTEGER NOT NULL my_struct_field my_short_field SMALLINT NOT NULL my_struct_field my_long_field INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY my_key_fie
102. ields that are not required or primary keys are created with the nullable attribute Table 5 14 Simple Sparse Type Type in Pseudo Language SQL Table Schema sparse Mysparse Create Table MySparseContainer R i YPF a eT eT my_key_field INTEGER NOT NULL ong my sey tie a ey my _short_field SMALLINT short my_short_field Ai aie een evened my_long_field INTEGER NOT NULL ui g 25 One E eq PRIMARY_KEY my_key_field i a Sparse types must be built dynamically There is no IDL construct sparse Buiddpo opoq pup OHWUDWESS TOS 1AI S IDL SQL Semantic and Data Mapping 5 18 Appendix A Error Codes Table A 1 lists the native error and warning messages that may be logged by the Real Time Connect Daemon While some of these messages may actually provide enough information by themselves to help users fix the problem many have to be used along with other data to help with debugging the issue Often several of these messages will be logged for a single problem A failure at a lower layer will cause log messages to be printed at various levels of the Real Time Connect Daemon logic These messages will be valuable to you and to RTI support engineers in debugging issues with Real Time Connect Table A 1 Real Time Connect Errors and Warnings SOPOD 10113 Y Code Message Details 0 1023 Real Time Connect Daemon errors These messages are produced by the
103. ile gt containing the lt participant_qos gt to true In this case that profile is the default configuration for all the Entities created by the Real Time Connect Daemon For a list of XML files where you can declare the QoS Profile see Section 4 4 1 L By referring to a profile using the XML tag lt profile_name gt within lt publication gt and lt subscription gt see Section 4 4 4 4 L By referring to a profile in the profile name column of the tables RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS or RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS see Section 4 5 land Section 4 5 2 Notice that since Real Time Connect is statically linked with RTI Monitoring Library you do not need to have it in your Path on Windows systems or LD_LIBRARY_PATH on UNIX based systems For details on how to configure the monitoring process see the RTI Monitoring Library Getting Started Guide 4 80 Chapter 5 IDL SQL Semantic and Data Mapping 5 1 This chapter describes the semantic and data representation mapping that RTI Real Time Connect uses to connect DDS based applications such as Connext to MySQL Oracle and Oracle TimesTen In Memory databases Connext provides an API to send and receive data between networked applications fol lowing a publish subscribe paradigm Oracle provides both file based and in memory products that allow applications to store and retrieve data following a relational data base paradigm The corresponding standard API in the database world is SQL Both the Con
104. ing sosisini tree ated e R a apai O ai 1 2 2 introduction 4 1 2 1 The Edge to Enterprise Integration Solution 0 0 0 eset csteneesesesneeseeeecenesesesnaenenees 2 1 2 2 Real Time Connect s Unique Features ccccccsesesscscsenesesesceesescsesceseseecssssnesecesenen 2 3 2 2 1 Interconnecting Standards cccccccsesseesseseseseeceesescsesneeseseecesescscsnansneseseenensseses 2 4 2 2 2 Connectivity To Edge DeVice cc cece cree ceceeeeeeecececesessneseseseeeneteseneneees 2 4 2 23 Flexibility and Scalability onesie nianagan aaea aa eaae A sia 2 5 2 2 4 Matching Real Time Performance ccccccesecsssssssssesesssessseesesessssseeseseesesesesens 2 5 22 97 High AVaila Dil bY sesine ane eaei eE LRE aeaee o EERS EES AE E SATa 2 5 2 2 6 Additional Benefits of Real Time Connect c ccccccccccsesssessecsecssceseesecessessceeseeeees 2 6 3 Architecture 3 1 Real Time Connect Architecture ccccccsesscsssssscescesscescescecscescessecsecsaeessesssesesesseeeseeseseeaes 3 1 3 1 1 Real Time Connect Daemon cccccccccssssscessesseescesesesecsecseecseesseascesessseseeeeeseeeeas 3 2 3 1 2 Real Time Connect s Unique Features ccccccssessesesssssesesesensssseeseseesesesesens 3 3 3 2 Capturing Real Time Data in a DBMS cece cececcctenenesescscseseseecsesesnsescscsssnsnesecenenens 3 4 3 3 Remote Real Time Notification of Table Changes cccccscsccssssesesessetstesescenesesesnanenenees 3 5 3 4 Bidirectional Integrati
105. ion of the daemon 1 or more required if running Configures a connection to an rtirte oracle lt oracle_connection gt Oracle database See i Section 44 4 3 0 or more ignored if running other DBMS version of the daemon f 1 or more required if running Configures a connection to an rtirte timesten lt timesten_connection gt Oracle TimesTen database See Section 4 4 43 0 or more ignored if running other DBMS version of the daemon 4 4 4 1 General Options Table 4 4 describes the general options these attributes are independent of any particu lar database connection made by the Real Time Connect Daemon 4 4 4 1 1 Enabling Table Replication 4 20 Enabling database replication will automatically configure the QoS values of publica tions and subscriptions to provide conflict resolution and table initialization see Table 4 5 and Table 4 6 The attribute also enables automatic table creation see lt typecode_from_table_schema gt in Table 4 4 and propagation of NULL values Configuration File Table 4 4 General Options Tags Table Tags within lt general_options gt Description Number of Tags Allowed lt max_objects_per_thread gt This parameter controls the maximum number of objects per thread that Connext can store If you run into problems related to the creation of Entities increasing this number may be necessary See the RTI Core Libraries and Utilities User s Manual for
106. ith Start Settings Control Panel System Advanced tab Environment Variables button add the directory with backslash and semicolon separators containing the Connext libraries to the System variable Path You will need to reboot the computer for this change to take effect A better method for setting this environment variable it only requires restarting the Oracle database service and the Oracle listener service is using the ext proc ora file or the ENVS parameter in the file listener ora Refer to the Oracle Net manual and this link for more information on the lis tener ora file http download oracle com docs cd E11882_01 network 112 e10835 listener htm Refer to this link for more information on extproc ora http download ora cle com docs cd E11882_01 appdev 112 e10471 adfns_externproc htm How to Run the Real Time Connect Daemon with MySQL Before Real Time Connect will run correctly with a MySQL database the procedures described in this section must be completed Installing MySQL ODBC 5 1 6 driver The Real Time Connect Daemon requires the installation of the MySQL ODBC 5 1 6 driver or higher The driver is not bundled with the MySQL server and must be installed sep arately The ODBC connector can be downloaded from http dev mysql com downloads connector odbc 5 1 html The installation guide can be found at http dev mysql com doc refman 5 1 en connector odbc installation html The MySQ
107. key 44 Error creating subscriber state queue 45 Error updating subscription state 46 Error creating lt object gt 47 Path too long The path to the configuration file is too long 48 Error creating database publication cache The Real Time Connect Daemon had a prob lem creating the publication database cache 49 Error adding record to publication cache The Real Time Connect Daemon had a prob lem adding a new record to the publication database cache 50 Column name length exceeds maximum length The maximum length of a column name in Real Time Connect is 30 characters To control the length of a column name use the configuration tags lt id _member_prefix_max_length gt and lt idl_member_suffix_max_length gt under lt database_mapping_options gt See Section 4 4 4 2 for additional details A 5 SOPOD 10113 Y Error Codes Table A 1 Real Time Connect Errors and Warnings Code Message Details 1024 2047 Connext related errors These messages are produced through the interaction of the Real Time Connect Daemon with Con next More information on each error can be found by examining the native Connext errors codes that will be logged with these messages 1024 lt message gt General Connext error message 1025 Error getting lt entity
108. l command line option queuelibpath lt directory containing lib rtirti_oracleq so dll gt see Command Line Parameters Section 4 2 Installing lib nddsc so dll and lib nddscore so dll on the Oracle Server The shared library lib rtirti_oracleq so dll installed in the previous section will need access to additional shared libraries provided by Connext The libraries lib nddsc so dll and lib nddscore so dll should be copied to the server host from the appropriate lib lt platform gt directory in the installation of Connext Then follow the procedure below to add these files to the library search path for the Oracle server UNIX based Systems The directory containing the Connext libraries should be added to the environ ment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH This environment variable must be set in the environment of the user who started the Oracle server A better method for setting this environment variable is in the extproc ora file or with the ENVS parameter in the file listener ora Refer to the Oracle Net manual and this link for more information on the lis tener ora file http download oracle com docs cd E11882_01 network 112 e10835 listener htm Refer to this link for more information on extproc ora http download ora cle com docs cd E11882_01 appdev 112 e10471 adfns_externproc htm Introduction to the Real Time Connect Daemon 4 1 2 1 4 1 2 2 Windows Systems Using the dialog opened w
109. late this table before the Real Time Connect Daemon is started Table 4 16 describes how each column is used by the daemon in creating and using DataWriters that publish table changes 1 See Starting the MySQL Server in ANSI_QUOTES mode Section 4 1 2 4 4 40 Meta Tables Table 4 16 RTIDDS PUBLICATIONS Table Schema Column Name SOL Type Nur Default if NULL Described in table_owner VARCHAR 128 No N A Section 4 5 1 1 4 table_name VARCHAR 128 No N A Section 4 5 1 1 4 domain_id INTEGER No N A Section 4 5 1 1 5 topic_name VARCHAR 200 Yes lt table_owner gt lt table_name gt Section 4 5 1 1 6 type_name VARCHAR 200 _ Yes lt topic_name gt Section 4 5 1 1 6 table_history_depth INTEGER Yes l0 Section 4 5 1 1 7 resolution_column VARCHAR 255 Yes None Section 4 5 1 1 8 idl_member_prefix_max_length INTEGER Yes eg poned in the configura Section 4 5 1 1 9 idl_member_suffix_max_length INTEGER Yes ae a a Section 4 5 1 1 9 profile_name VARCHAR 255 Yes oe ae ie a Section 4 5 1 1 10 pub present access_scope VARCHAR 25 Yes ee ate en Section 4 5 1 1 11 pub present ordered_access TINYINT Yes 0 false Section 4 5 1 1 11 pub partition name VARCHAR 256 Yes Empty string partition Section 4 5 1 1 12 dw durability kind VARCHAR 30 Yes VOLATILE_DURABILITY_QOS Section 4 5 1 1 13 dw liveliness lease_dur sec INTEGER Yes Infinite Sectio
110. ld l struct MyStructContainer long my_key_field key MyStruct my_struct_field F3 Union fields IDL unions are mapped by adding an extra column with the name _d to represent the discriminator that is used to indicate which type is actually stored by the union These unions are also known as switched unions All of the individual union fields are mapped to corresponding columns in a table However only one of these columns will contain valid data as indicated by the discriminator column _d If the Real Time Connect Daemon creates the table from an IDL containing an union it will generate the data columns with hierarchical names from the name of the union field and the name of the union itself In addition the values of the switch case statement in the IDL union are encoded into the names of the data columns as well e g c 0 1 2 def This naming convention is required for the proper serialization and deserialization of unions The Real Time Connect Daemon uses the name of the fields when processing an IDL union to know which column s correspond to the value of the discriminator Table 5 11 shows the mapping of an union between IDL and SQL Data Representation Mapping Table 5 11 Union Fields in IDL and SQL IDL Type SQL Table Schema struct MyUnion switch long case 0 case 1 long my_long_field CRE
111. le database for access by enterprise applications directly or through enterprise level integration options such as a BPEL Business Process Execution Lan guage process manager Multiple copies of Real Time Connect can also run in parallel on separate systems Differ ent instances can be responsible for a discrete set of messages and data maximizing Real Time Connect s Unique Features 2 2 throughput and providing load balancing Or each instance can bridge the same mes sages and data providing high availability and fault tolerance Real Time Connect s Unique Features In this section a few of the unique qualities and features of Real Time Connect are dis cussed in greater detail Figure 2 2 shows an example system where Real Time Connect serves as the central integration technology to interconnect the real time embedded world with the analysis and high level decision making processes of the enterprise world Figure 2 2 Example System Using Real Time Connect Sensor 1 Sensor 2 Business System 1 tracks Data Fusion Summary and Statistics Database C Connext App RDBMS App Console 2 RTI Real Time Connect daemon Oracle TimesTen Cs In Memory database en Oracle BPEL Process Manager 2 3 uoHWONpoyu z Introduction 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 In Figure 2 2 sensors of physical processes produce data that must be filtered fused
112. lications as well as in the Real Time Connect Daemon if the daemon is subscribing to Topics and trying to store the received data in the database Those ODBC errors will appear in the daemon log If you encounter this situation then you should increase the value of XLABUFFERSIZE appropriately The Oracle TimesTen native error codes that you may see when the XLABUFFERSIZE is too small are I TT8009 Transaction Log API Buffer size too small or too large L TT986 Log buffer overflow transaction must rollback I TT987 Log record larger than log buffer transaction must rollback More about Oracle TimesTen error codes can be found in the Oracle TimesTen In Memory Database Error Messages and SNMP Traps Release 11 2 1 Default 409600 Oorl Configuration File 4 4 4 4 Initial Subscriptions and Publications As explained in Meta Tables Section 4 5 the daemon is configured to publish and sub scribe to data in the database by inserting entries in two _ meta tables RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS and RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS In your XML configuration you can specify initial values to insert in these tables For example lt mysql_connection gt lt subscriptions delete true gt lt subscription gt lt table_owner gt user lt table_owner gt lt table_name gt mytablel lt table_name gt lt domain_id gt 54 lt domain_id gt lt topic_name gt mytopicl lt topic_name gt lt type_name gt mytypel lt type_name gt lt subscription
113. ll of the Topics that they use and thus are compatible with Real Time Connect Please consult Connext documentation for more information about typecodes and their generation An important note is that typecodes can become quite large as the corresponding IDL type becomes more complex By default Connext applications allocate 2048 bytes to store a typecode The default size for the Real Time Connect Daemon is 2048 bytes as well The typecode size is controlled by the QoS parameter DomainPartici pantQos resource_limits type_code_max_serialized_length in the Connext API In Real Time Connect you can change the typecode limit using XML QoS Profiles see Table 4 2 If the Real Time Connect Daemon discovers Topics that have typecodes that a are larger than what it has been configured to handle or b have no associated typecodes at all the daemon will not be able to subscribe to or publish those topics unless the user man ually creates the corresponding tables in the database or defines the topic types in the configuration file see Table 4 2 The only way to determine whether or not this situa tion exists is to examine the log messages printed by the daemon A status message will indicate when there is no typecode found for a Topic This mes sage may have been generated because the typecode associated with the topic is too large for the daemon By increasing the DomainPartici pantQos resource_limits type_code_max_serialized_length QoS poli
114. llocate for storing published data values as well as the total number of data instances different primary keys that can be handled by the DataReader A value of 1 for either of these columns means infinite This is also the default value for these columns if they are NULL An infinite setting means that the DataReader is allowed to allocate memory as needed to store received table changes and manage new keys The number of keys that the DataReader is allowed to manage places an upper limit on the number of rows that the related table in the database can have See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used dr unicast receive_port This column is used to configure the unicast port on which the DataReader will receive data When the default value NULL or 0 is used the actual port number is determined by a formula as a function of the domain ID dr multicast receive_address This column is used to set a multicast address for the DataReader to receive values for the Topic The column maps to the DDS_TransportMulticastQosPolicy of the DataReader The possible values for the lt dr multicast receive_address gt column are I NULL A NULL column means that the DataReader will receive Topic data using uni cast I A string that contains a valid multicast address in the form Xxx xxx XxXx Xxx The DataReader for the table will subscribe to the Topic on the multicast address provided JOO UUOD SU
115. low certain conven tions that tie them to the names of the fields of IDL types from which they are mapped This is true for only the small subset of primitive IDL data types and for the complex Data Representation Mapping IDL data types that would otherwise have ambiguous mappings i e multiple ways to map IDL to SQL or vice versa The Real Time Connect Daemon scans for identifies and uses special mappings of col umn names when serializing and deserializing IDL data to and from a table in a data base There are two types of special mappings hierarchical naming and suffixes Hierarchical Naming Complex IDL types may have fields that are actually embedded structures so a field may actually contain multiple values In SQL columns usually contain a single value for each column element although there are a few types like BINARY x CHAR x VARBINARY x and VARCHAR x that can store multiple values of the same type in a single column element To map complex IDL types to SQL table schemas embedded data structures are unfolded so that elements of an embedded structure are stored indi vidually in separate columns When the Real Time Connect Daemon creates a table schema from a Topic it will auto matically flatten hierarchical data structures into tables In doing so the names of col umns that store the fields of embedded structures will have hierarchical names For example given this IDL definition struct bar struct foo long
116. ls table_history_depth The lt table_history_depth gt column in the RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS determines whether or not the Real Time Connect Daemon will create the user table with additional meta columns that support the storing of historic or past values of instances of Topics Meta Tables 4 5 1 1 8 by DataReaders created with the RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS table It is only used if the daemon creates the table because it does not exist More about the ability to store historic data in the table as well as the added meta col umns can be found in table_history_depth Section 4 5 2 1 4 and in User Table Creation Section 4 6 This column is useful in the case that the user wants the Real Time Connect Daemon to both publish and subscribe to a Topic for the same user table The value set in lt table_history_depth gt will enable the daemon to create the user table correctly if the user wants to store more than a single value for an instance of the Topic in the table The possible values for lt table_history_depth gt column are d NULL or 0 These values should be used if the user does not want to store more than a single value for an instance of a Topic in the table If the Real Time Connect Daemon creates the table it will not add any meta col umns for table history to the table schema E Any other value For any non zero value in this column the Real Time Connect Daemon will add meta columns for table history to the table sch
117. lt subscription gt lt subscription gt lt subscriptions gt lt publications gt lt publication overwrite true gt lt table_owner gt user lt table_owner gt lt table_name gt mytable2 lt table_name gt lt domain_id gt 54 lt domain_id gt lt topic_name gt mytopic2 lt topic_name gt lt type_name gt mytype2 lt type_name gt lt publication gt lt publication gt lt publication gt lt publications gt lt mysql_connection gt Within lt subscriptions gt and lt publications gt tags you can specify as many lt subscrip tion gt and lt publication gt tags as you want The content of each tag inside lt subscrip tion gt lt publication gt represents the value for a column with the same name in the table RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS Each of these lt subscription gt 4 3 JO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect lt publication gt tags may result in the insertion or update of a row in the corresponding meta table All the rows in the tables can be deleted before inserting new rows if the attribute delete in lt publications gt lt subscriptions gt is set to true If a lt publication gt or lt subscription gt already exists in its table the primary key is the same then the insertion won t succeed However you can set the attribute overwrite to true In that case if the insertion fails an update is performed on that row Table 4 12 Subscription
118. more infor mation Default Connext default 1024 Oorl lt enable_table_replication gt Real Time Connect can be configured to perform real time lazy database replication see Section 3 7 by set ting this attribute to true Default false Oorl lt typecode_from_table_schema gt This tag can be used to enable typecode generation from table schemas If this parameter is set to true and a publication or sub scription is created for a database table without an associated typecode Real Time Connect will create the typecode from the table schema The new typecode will be made available to other Con next applications or RTC daemons via discovery traf fic When Real Time Connect is used for table replication the default value for this parameter is true allowing automatic table creation in the replicas Default false except when enable_table_replication is set to true Oorl 45 DataWriter QoS Changes when lt enable_table_replication gt is true QoS Change Purpose reliability kind RELIABLE_RELIABILITY_QOS Enables reliability destination_order kind BY_SOURCE_TIMESTAMP_DESTINATIONORDER_QOS destination_order source_timestamp_tolerance sec 0 destination_order source_timestamp_tolerance nanosec 0 ownership kind SHARED_OWNERSHIP_QOS Performs conflict resolution 4 21 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect Table 4 5 DataWriter
119. mplies that the DataWriter created to publish table changes will store all of the changes to the table that it has sent The total number of changes that can be stored is limited by the value in the lt dw res_limits max_samples gt column For this setting the value in lt dw history depth gt is ignored See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also dw durability kind Section 4 5 1 1 13 and dw res_limits max_samples dw res_limits max_instances Section 4 5 1 1 19 Meta Tables 4 5 1 1 17 4 5 1 1 18 dw ownership kind dw ownership_strength value These columns directly map to the DDS_OwnershipQosPolicy and DDS_Ownership StrengthQosPolicy for the DataWriter created to publish table changes These policies control whether or not DataReaders are allowed to receive changes to an instance of a Topic from multiple DataWriters simultaneously The possible values of the lt dw ownership kind gt and lt dw ownership_strength value gt columns are LI SHARED_OWNERSHIP_QOS default value if the column is NULL This setting allows DataReaders to receive updates for an instance of a Topic from multiple DataWriters at the same time Ll EXCLUSIVE_OWNERSHIP_QOS This setting prevents a DataReader from receiving changes from more than a sin gle DataWriter for an instance of a Topic at the same time The DataReader will receive changes for a topic instance from the DataWriter
120. my_field long double my_field BINARY 16 BINARY 16 my_field ld unsigned long long my_field TT_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP my_field Data Representation Mapping Table 5 3 a The format on the wire of char and char x is the same b The format on the wire of wchar and wchar x is the same c The format on the wire of octet and octet x is the same d The str suffix is used to distinguish between w string lt x gt and sequence lt w char x gt e The ld suffix is used to distinguish between octet x and long double Basic Types in IDL and SQL Oracle IDL Field Table Column IDL Type Name SQL Type Name char my_field CHAR 1 my_field char x my_field CHAR x my_field sequence lt char x gt my_field VARCHAR2 x if x lt 4000 otherwise CLOB my_field wchar P my_field NCHAR 1 my_field wchar x b my_field NCHAR x my_field sequence lt wchar x gt my_field NVARCHAR2 x if x lt 4000 otherwise NCLOB my_field octet my_field RAW 1 my_field bin d octet x my_field RAW x my_field bin d sequence lt octet x gt my_field RAW x if x lt 2000 otherwise BLOB my_field boolean my_field NUMBER 3 my_field short my_field NUMBER 5 my_field unsigned short my_field NUMBER 5 my_field un
121. n 4 5 1 1 14 dw liveliness lease_dur nsec INTEGER Yes _ Infinite Section 4 5 1 1 14 dw deadline period sec INTEGER Yes Infinite Section 4 5 1 1 15 dw deadline period nsec INTEGER Yes Infinite Section 4 5 1 1 15 dw history kind VARCHAR 21 Yes KEEP_LAST_HISTORY_QOS Section 4 5 1 1 16 dw history depth INTEGER Yes 1 Section 4 5 1 1 16 dw ownership kind VARCHAR 23 Yes SHARED_OWNERSHIP_QOS Section 4 5 1 1 17 dw ownership_strength value INTEGER Yes O Section 4 5 1 1 17 dw publish_mode kind VARCHAR 29 Yes ee Section 4 5 1 1 18 dw res_limits max_samples INTEGER Yes Infinite Section 4 5 1 1 19 dw res_limits max_instances INTEGER Yes Infinite Section 4 5 1 1 19 changes_queue_maximum_size INTEGER Yes _ Infinite Section 4 5 1 1 20 RTIRTC_SCN BIGINT Yes Next SCN number Section 4 5 1 1 21 4 4 JOO UUOD SU p La Buisn 7 Using Real Time Connect a Primary key column 4 5 1 1 4 4 5 1 1 5 4 5 1 1 6 4 5 1 1 7 4 42 table_owner table_name These columns specify the user table for which changes will be published using a DataWriter Because a DBMS uses a combination of lt table_owner gt lt table_name gt to identify a table both of these columns must have valid values should the user want these entries to refer to an existing table If no table exists in the database with the identifier lt table_owner gt lt table_name gt at the time that the daemon sees this entry in the RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS meta table
122. n to specify which lt real_time_connect gt tag to use For example lt dds gt eed time connect name rtcA gt lt r al tine connect gt lt real_time_connect name rtcB gt ee ee re lt dds gt Starting Real Time Connect with the following command will use the lt real_time_connect gt tag with the name rtcA rtirtc_mysql cfgFile example xml cfgName rtcA If there is no lt real_time_connect gt tag matching the name provided with the command line option cfgName the daemon will report an error and it will list the available con figurations 4 19 JO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 4 4 Database Configuration Using the Real Time Connect XML Tag Table 4 3 describes the tags allowed with the lt real_time_connect gt section of the XML file Table 4 3 Real Time Connect Tags Tags within Description Number of Tags Allowed lt real_time_connect gt Contains attributes that are inde pendent of any particular data lt general_options gt base connection made by the Real 0 or 1 Time Connect Daemon See Section 4 4 4 1 Sa iahase mabon Configures how the IDL identifier a P nite apping_ names are mapped to the database 0 or 1 be cs column names See Section 4 4 4 2 1 or more required if running Configures a connection to a rtirtc_mysq lt mysql_connection gt MySQL database See E i i Section 4 4 4 3 0 or more ignored if running other DBMS vers
123. n translating the table data into an IDL structure 5 11 Buiddpo opoq pup SHUDWSS 18S 1d1 S IDL SQL Semantic and Data Mapping Table 5 6 Table 5 7 5 12 LI Table 5 6 Bit Fields in IDL and SQL TimesTen LJ Table 5 7 Bit Fields in IDL and SQL Oracle LJ Table 5 8 Bit Fields in IDL and SQL MySQL Bit Fields in IDL and SQL TimesTen The following tables show the mapping of bit fields between IDL and SQL IDL SQL Type SQL Type Table Column IDL Type Field Name TypeMode 0 TypeMode 1 Name TT_CHAR 1 char my_field x or CHAR 1 my_field x CHAR 1 TT_NCHAR 1 wchar my_field x or NCHAR 1 my_field x NCHAR 1 octet my_field x BINARY 1 BINARY 1 my_field x short my_field x TT_SMALLINT SMALLINT my_field x unsigned short my_field x TT_SMALLINT SMALLINT my_field x long my_field x TT_INTEGER INTEGER my_field x unsigned long my_field x TT_INTEGER INTEGER my_field x a The column storing the last bit field in a set of bits will use name of my_field x Bit Fields in IDL and SQL Oracle Table Column IDL Type IDL Field Name SQL Type Name char my_field x CHAR 1 my_field x wchar my_field x NCHAR 1 my_field x octet my_field x BINARY 1 my_field x short my_field x NUMBER 5 my_field x unsigned short my_field x NUMBER 5 my_field x long my_field x NUMB
124. nd WCHAR x respectively Table 5 12 shows a mapping of an array field between IDL and SQL Table 5 12 Array Fields in IDL and SQL IDL Type SQL Table Schema CREATE TABLE MyArrayContainer struct MyArrayContainer my_key_field INTEGER NOT NULL long my_key_field key my_arr_field 0 SMALLINT NOT NULL short my_arr_field 2 my _arr field 1 SMALLINT NOT NULL J PRIMARY KEY my_key_fielq Jo Buiddpo opoq pup SHUDWSS 18S 1d1 S IDL SQL Semantic and Data Mapping 5 2 9 Sequence Fields Sequences are basically variable sized arrays that have a maximum length and carry an additional integer that indicates the current size The mapping of IDL sequences to a table schema is similar to the array mapping with the following differences LJ An extra column is added with the suffix length used to store the current length of the sequence l The total number of columns created is equal to the maximum number of ele ments that the sequence can hold although the number of columns containing valid data at a given time is stored in the length column L The naming convention of adding the suffix i to each column is required for the Real Time Connect Daemon to handle the mapping between IDL and SQL cor rectly The open bracket and close bracket characters can be configured using the tags lt open_bracket_char gt and lt close_br
125. nd of SQL identifiers quoted identifiers and basic identifiers The quoted identifiers can use any combination of characters Those identifiers need to be sur rounded by double quotes when referenced The definition of a basic identifier changes depending on the database vendor In Oracle TimesTen a basic identifier can consist of any of letters A to Z decimal digits 0 to 9 or underscore _ The first character must be a letter In Oracle a basic identifier can consist of any of letters A to Z decimal digits 0 to 9 or underscore _ The first character must be a letter In MySQL a basic identifier can consist of any letters A to Z decimal digits 0 to 9 or underscore _ If the daemon creates the user table it will use quoted strings for the identifiers of the table and column names only if they cannot be considered as basic identifiers according to the previous definitions Thus user applications should also use quoted strings when referring to those column and table names in their SQL statements Ordinarily the name of a field in an IDL data structure can just be used as the name of a column in a table In fact for those data types with clear and obvious mappings the col umn name can be independent of the field name used in the IDL type However because there is no one to one mapping of all IDL data types to all SQL data types for certain types the column names used in SQL table schemas must fol
126. next and SQL APIs have various language bindings in C C and Java How Real Time Connect maps actions semantics and data types data representation from Connext to SQL and vice versa is described in the following sections I Semantic Mapping Section 5 1 I Data Representation Mapping Section 5 2 Semantic Mapping Connext applications publish and subscribe to topics which are named data structures using functions like DDSDataWriter write and DDSDataReader read Relational databases contain tables that applications access data using SQL operations such as INSERT UPDATE DELETE and SELECT Table 5 1 describes the mapping between Connext and relational database semantic models 5 1 Buiddpo opoq pup SHUDWSS 18S 1d1 S IDL SQL Semantic and Data Mapping Table 5 1 Connext DBMS Semantic Models Connext Relational Database Details Accessed via Connext API Various language bindings e g C C Java Accessed via SQL Various language bind ings e g C C and Identified by a name string DataWriter can publish values for Topics and DataReaders can subscribe Identified by a name string Applications can write values or read values from tables using SQL ODBC Java and JDBC Fields in data structures are mapped to columns of Data structures Tables a table Each row of a table represents a different Defined by IDL Interface value for a data structure The exact mapping of D
127. nts of information across networks in real time Turn near instantaneous responses to remote critical events into a busi ness advantage Seamlessly integrate networked applications services and devices l Minimize operational costs Maintain complex networked applications with near zero administration Dynamically add or change system components Run on common hardware platforms and networks L Reduce risks Guarantee continuous system availability through dynamic replication management Rely on continuous high quality technical support Build on years of experience in the world s most demanding real time application domains UOHONPONU zZ Introduction Chapter 3 Architecture 3 1 This chapter presents a more detailed view of RTI Real Time Connect s architecture and highlights the different ways that RTI Real Time Connect can be used to integrate sys tems It includes the following sections LJ Real Time Connect Architecture Section 3 1 L Capturing Real Time Data in a DBMS Section 3 2 I Remote Real Time Notification of Table Changes Section 3 3 I Bidirectional Integration Section 3 4 LI Bridging between Domains Section 3 5 L High Rate Data Streams Cached before Storage Section 3 6 l Real Time Database Replication Section 3 7 Real Time Connect Architecture The Real Time Connect architecture is designed to integrate existing systems that use the Connext API or relational database
128. o the system time when the update occurred You can over write this behavior by providing your own timestamp in a separate database column see Section 4 5 1 1 8 If you do not need conflict resolution you can disable it by setting the column dr destination_order kind in RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS to BY_RECEPTION_TIMESTAMP_DESTINATIONORDER_QOS Table Initialization When a host starts using a table in the distributed shared database it is essential that the local table is up to date Real Time Connect supports two approaches to filling the local table s contents 1 If all the rows in the table are updated frequently it is sufficient to apply these updates to the data cache 2 The table can be synchronized by explicitly requesting the table s contents from the other hosts This is called table initialization If table initialization is not needed you can disable it by setting the columns dw dura bility kind in RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS and dw durability kind in RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS to VOLATILE_DURABILITY_QOS Database Mapping Options Table 4 7 describes the options that are allowed with the lt database_mapping_options gt tag 4 23 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect Table 4 7 Database Mapping Options Tags within lt database_mapping_ options gt Description Number of Tags Allowed lt id _member_prefix max_length gt Controls the prefix length of the IDL member identifiers th
129. on 1 0 encoding UTF 8 gt lt dds xmlns xsi http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema instance xsi noNamespaceSchemaLocation lt installation directory for Real Time Connect gt resource schema rti_real_time_connect xsd gt lt dds gt To include a reference to the DTD document in your XML file use the lt DOCTYPE gt tag 1 Leading and trailing spaces in enumeration fields will not be considered valid if you use the distributed XSD document to do validation at run time with a code editor Configuration File 4 4 3 For example lt xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 gt lt DOCTYPE dds SYSTEM lt installation directory for RTI Real Time Con nect gt resource schema rti_routing_service dtd gt lt dds gt lt dds gt We recommend including a reference to the XSD file in the XML documents this pro vides stricter validation and better auto completion than the corresponding DTD file Top Level XML Tags Next there is an example configuration file You will learn the meaning of each line as you read the rest of the sections lt xml version 1 0 gt lt dds gt lt real_time_connect name Example gt lt database_mapping_options gt lt identifier_separator_char gt lt identifier_separator_char gt lt database_mapping_options gt lt mysql_connection gt lt dsn gt Example_MySQL lt dsn gt lt user_name gt Student lt user_name gt lt password gt mypsswrd lt password gt lt mysql_connecti
130. on gt lt real_time_connect gt lt oracle_connection gt lt dsn gt Example_Oracle lt dsn gt lt user_name gt Student lt user_name gt lt password gt mypsswrd lt password gt lt oracle_connection gt lt timesten_connection gt lt dsn gt Example_TT lt dsn gt lt timesten_connection gt lt real_time_connect gt lt dds gt Table 4 2 describe the top level tags allowed within the root lt dds gt tag 4 17 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect Table 4 2 Top Level Tags Tags within lt dds gt Description Number of tags Allowed lt qos_library gt Specifies a QoS library and profiles The contents of this tag are specified in the same manner as for an Connext QoS profile file see Chapter 15 in the RTI Core Libraries and Utilities User s Manual The profiles you specify here can be used in three ways E By setting the attribute is_default_qos in the tag lt qos_profile gt to true In this case that profile is the default configuration for all the Entities created by the Real Time Connect daemon E By referring to a profile using the XML tag lt profile_name gt within lt publication gt and lt subscrip tion gt see Section 4 4 4 4 I By referring to a profile in the profile_name column of the tables RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS or RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS see Section 4 5 1 and Section 4 5 2 0 or more lt types gt Defines types that can
131. on of the MySQL server may require the use of additional SQL mode strings when starting the server How to Run the Real Time Connect Daemons as Windows Services On Windows the Real Time Connect Daemons rtirtc_oracle exe rtirtc_timesten exe and rtirtc_mysql exe can be run as system services During the installation process you may choose to install these daemons as Windows services which can then be controlled through the Start Programs Administrative Tools Services application The Real Time Connect services will be installed in manual mode Use the Services application to change this automatic to have the services start when the Windows machine boots up 4 7 JOOUUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 8 The configuration file used by the Windows services is the default file lt Real Time Con nect installation directory gt resource xml RTI_REAL_TIME_CONNECT xml You can change the location of the configuration file by running the Windows service with the command line option cfgFile see Section 4 2 Typecodes Typecodes are runtime parsible descriptions of data generated for user data types from an IDL file by the Connext utility rtiddsgen Typecodes are automatically propagated during the discovery process of Connext applications Unless the user has specifically disabled rtiddsgen from generating typecodes applications built with types generated by rtiddsgen should be propagating typecodes for a
132. or DLL on Windows systems called lib rtirtc_oracleq so dl1 Introduction to the Real Time Connect Daemon This library is distributed with Real Time Connect and can be found in the lib lt platform gt directory of the installation directory The correct version of the library to use depends on the platform on which Oracle server is running For example lt platform gt can be LI x64Linux2 6cc4 1 1 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 systems on 64 bit x86 processors LI i86Linux2 6cc4 1 1 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 systems on 32 bit x86 processors LI i86Win32 for Windows systems on 32 bit x86 processors Since the library lib rtirtc_oracleq so dIl internally uses Connext the corresponding shared libraries lib nddsc so dll and lib nddscore so dll distributed with Con next must also be installed on the Oracle server host Notes LJ For AIX architectures librtirtc_oracleq so is statically linked with the Connext libraries Therefore in this case Connext does not have to be installed on the Ora cle server host L The exact platforms that are supported on Windows Linux and Solaris systems may be different for Oracle versus Oracle TimesTen In Memory databases Please consult the Release Notes for specific details of the supported platforms for your release of Real Time Connect L Not only do the libraries have to be present on the Oracle server host the Oracle server must also be configured to find the libraries
133. ory for lt object gt From 16384 Warning messages These are warning messages that may be logged by the Real Time Connect Daemon Timestamps prior to 1970 01 01 00 00 00 00 cannot be used for conflict resolution 16384 The RTC daemon will always use 1970 01 01 00 00 00 00 as the timestamp for those cases The Timestamp value of the resolution col umn is NULL 16385 The RTC daemon will use the value 1970 01 01 00 00 00 00 16386 Diskless log buffer overflow This warning appears only with Oracle TimesTen databases The prefix suffix based name associated with member A in IDL type T collides with 16387 IDL member identifier collision the name of another member inside the same type Real Time Connect will resolve the conflict using an index 16388 Invalid configuration parameter 16389 Ignored QoS value A QoS value has been ignored by Real Time Connect Bina RTI Monitoring Library is statically linked 16392 Dynamic loading of monitoring library is In Real Time C a d not supported n Real Time Connec there is no need to load this library dynamically The QoS of a Real Time Connect subscrip tion is incompatible with the QoS of a Con 32769 Requested incompatible QoS next publication The name of the policy that is incompatible is shown in this warning message Table A 1 Real Time Connect Errors and Warnings Code Message Details The QoS of a Real Time Connect publication is incompati
134. ows a system that integrates the capabilities described in the last two sec tions Real Time Connect provides bidirectional dataflow between embedded Connext applications and enterprise database systems This approach can typically be used to create a closed loop system where sensory data is collected processed and analyzed in an in memory database and the resulting analysis creates state changes that are fed back to remote sensors and devices to control their behavior and mode of operation Storing Published Connext Data in a SQL Database onnext Connext RTI Real Time Connect p Daemon gt SQL Table Tracks Table Passengers Connext Fit Lat Long Fit Name Addrs C129 34 5 102 3 C129 A Johnson 1 C054 27 7 46 8 C054 J Smith Embedded SESE EEE Enterprise Bridging between Domains 3 5 Bridging between Domains Figure 3 5 shows how Real Time Connect can be used as a bridge between two domains by configuring the Real Time Connect Daemon to subscribe to data in one domain and publishing the same data in a different domain Data sent by Connext applications in the first domain are stored by the daemon in a local in memory table Since changes in the table are sent by the daemon into a second domain the data is ultimately received by Connext applications in the second domain There is no feedback cancellation needed since the data is being bridged across domains Usually domain bridges have to be writ t
135. r has an unambiguous mapping In addition many complex data structures in IDL such as unions and data structures that contain embedded data structures do not have equivalents in SQL This section describes the mapping used by the Real Time Connect Daemon when taking data received with DDS and storing it in tables or taking data from tables and publish ing it with Connext LJ IDL to SOL Mapping Section 5 2 1 on Page 5 4 I Primitive Types Mapping Section 5 2 2 on Page 5 7 I Oracle In Memory Database Cache Mapping Section 5 2 3 on Page 5 11 l Enum Types Mapping Section 5 2 5 on Page 5 13 5 3 Buiddpo opoq pup OHWUDWESS TOS 1AI S IDL SQL Semantic and Data Mapping 2 1 5 4 I Simple IDL Structures Section 5 2 6 on Page 5 13 L Complex IDL Structures Section 5 2 7 on Page 5 13 l Array Fields Section 5 2 8 on Page 5 15 LI Sequence Fields Section 5 2 9 on Page 5 16 LI NULL Values Section 5 2 10 on Page 5 16 I Sparse Data Types Section 5 2 11 on Page 5 17 IDL to SQL Mapping Identifiers are used for the names of table columns in SQL and names of fields within an IDL structure SQL identifiers are a superset of IDL identifiers Because of that an IDL identifier can always be used as a SQL identifier However there are some SQL identifi ers that cannot be used as IDL identifiers For example SQL allows special characters like to be part of an identifier whereas IDL does not There are two ki
136. r table as the time stamp then it is imperative to the proper operation of the publication that the value in the timestamp column is monotonically increasing with every table change So when a change is made to a row of the table the value in the column lt resolution_column gt must be larger than the last value of this column that was published The lt resolution_column gt can be used with the lt dr destination_order kind gt column of the RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS table to implement a conflict resolution policy in a sys tem where Real Time Connect is used to implement database table replication across a network See dr destination_order kind Section 4 5 2 1 17 and TableReplicationMode on page 4 20 for more information idl _member_prefix_max_length idl _member_suffix_max_length These columns define how Real Time Connect maps IDL member identifiers into column names In particular they control how the column names are formed by using as a pre fix n characters from the identifier s prefix and m characters from the identifier s suffix They can assume any value greater than or equal to 1 They cannot both be set to zero If a positive value n is provided for idl1_member_prefix_max_length Real Time Connect will use the first n characters from the IDL member identifier to compose the associated column name A value of 0 tells Real Time Connect to compose the column name using only the last characters of the identifiers as defined by th
137. r the lt dr reliability kind gt column are L BEST_EFFORT_RELIABILITY_QOS default value if the column is NULL Meta Tables 4 5 2 1 17 This value means that the DataWriters will send their data to the DataReader using best efforts Data may be lost if the system is too busy LJ RELIABLE_RELIABILITY_QOS This value means that the DataWriters will send their data to the DataReader using a reliable protocol The exact semantics of the reliable connection is con trolled by the DDS_HistoryQosPolicy of both the DataWriter and DataReader See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also dw durability kind Section 4 5 1 1 13 dw history kind dw history depth Sec tion 4 5 1 1 16 and dr history kind dr history depth Section 4 5 2 1 20 dr destination_order kind This column sets the DestinationOrderQosPolicy for the DataReader created to sub scribe to Topic data that is stored in the table The value in this column determines how the DataReader treats data received for the same instance of the Topic from different DataWriters When a data instance is received a timestamp associated with the data is compared to the timestamp of the last value of the data instance If the time of the new data is older than the time of the last data received for that instance then the new data is dropped What this column does is to set which timestamp the one associated with the source o
138. racti cal for large tables and thus the cache will be smaller delete_on_dispose This column configures the behavior of the Real Time Connect Daemon when a DataW riter disposes an instance stored into the database When delete_on_dispose is initial ized to 0 the default value the rows corresponding to the instance will not be deleted from the database If delete_on_dispose is initialized to 1 all the rows associated with the instance will be deleted from the database idl_member_prefix_max_length idl _member_suffix_max_length These columns define how Real Time Connect maps IDL member identifiers into column names In particular they control how the column names are formed by using as a pre fix n characters from the identifier s prefix and m characters from the identifier s suffix They can assume any value greater than or equal to 1 They cannot both be set to zero If a positive value n is provided for idl_member_prefix_max_length Real Time Connect will use the first n characters from the IDL member identifier to compose the associated column name A value of 0 tells Real Time Connect to compose the column name using only the last characters of the identifiers as defined by the idl_member_suffix_max_length column A value of 1 instructs Real Time Connect to use all the available characters If a positive value n is provided for idl_member_suffix_max_length Real Time Connect will use the last n characters from the ID
139. re information about the RTIRTC_SCN column see Section 4 6 Subscriptions Table When entries rows are added to the meta table RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS the Real Time Connect Daemon will try to create a DataReader and Subscriber along with a DomainParticipant if required and use it to receive data via the Connext for a Topic and store values into the designated user table Meta Tables If the RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS table does not exist at startup the Real Time Connect Daemon will create it with the table owner set to the user name of the database connec tion as specified in the daemon s configuration file see Section 4 4 The schema and meaning of the columns of this table are described in the next section You may insert new rows or modify the column values of existing rows in this table at any time For a new row the daemon will first check to see if the designated user table exists If so it will immediately create the DataReader with the QoS values specified by the entry The name of the Topic to subscribe to may be specified by the topic_name col umn or automatically constructed as lt table_owner gt lt table_name gt if the topic_name entry is NULL If the user table does not exist the Real Time Connect Daemon will look for the typecode associated with the type defined in the type_name column If it finds the typecode the daemon will create the user table with a SQL table schema derived from the typecode following the IDL typ
140. re mapped to each other If the table does not exist and there is no XML definition for the type and the typecode for the IDL type specified by the entry is unknown the Real Time Connect Daemon will defer creation of the table until the typecode has been discovered from other applica tions on the network that are using Connext See Typecodes Section 4 1 4 for more details on how the daemon uses typecodes If the table is created by the Real Time Connect Daemon the daemon may add up to 5 additional columns 6 in MySQL that store meta data used by the daemon when stor ing data received via Connext or sending table changes via Connext Although optional there are specific operating scenarios where these meta columns are required for the proper operation of the daemon We suggest that the user understands the purpose of the meta columns and if the user applications create the tables used by the Real Time Connect Daemon the user code itself should add the meta columns to the table schema when appropriate There is no specific order required for the new columns The meta columns that may be created are LJ RTIDDS_DOMAIN_ID and RTIRTC_REMOTE These two SQL INTEGER columns are always added to the tables created by the daemon These additional columns are used by the daemon when user has cre ated entries in both the RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS and RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS meta tables for the same user table In that situa 4 77 JOO UUOD SU p La
141. resentation Mapping 5 2 3 Table 5 5 5 2 4 c The format on the wire of octet and octet x is the same d The str suffix is used to distinguish between w string lt x gt and sequence lt w char x gt e The ld suffix is used to distinguish between octet x and long double Oracle In Memory Database Cache Mapping When Real Time Connect to TimesTen is used with Oracle In Memory Database Cache the definition of cache groups requires mapping the Oracle SQL types to TimesTen SQL types Table 5 5 describes the mapping supported by Real Time Connect MappingBetween Oracle and TimesTen types Oracle Type TimesTen Type TypeMode 0 CHAR x CHAR x VARCHAR2 x VARCHAR2 x NCHAR x NCHAR x NVARCHAR2 x NVARCHAR2 x RAW x VARBINARY x NUMBER 3 TT_TINYINT NUMBER 5 TT_SMALLINT NUMBER 10 TT_INTEGER BINARY_DOUBLE BINARY_DOUBLE BINARY_FLOAT BINARY_FLOAT NUMBER 20 TT_BIGINT TIMESTAMP This mapping is not supported Bit Field Mapping IDL bit field type is an RTI extension that maps directly to C C bit fields but are stored in primitive types in Java with only the specified number of bits being significant When mapped to SQL a full primitive SQL type is used to store the value but only a subset of the bits are significant A suffix must be added to the column name to indicate to the Real Time Connect Daemon which bits to serialize whe
142. ription data table may end up containing duplicates rows Note Durable Reader State configurations see Section 11 4 in the RTI Core Libraries and Utilities User s Manual are ignored by Real Time Connect Duplicate filtering and sub scription state persistence are implemented by the Real Time Connect Daemon ordered_store This column specifies whether or not the samples associated with a DataWriter identi fied by a virtual GUID x see Chapter 11 Mechanisms for Achieving Information Durabil ity and Persistence in the RTI Core Libraries and Utilities User s Manual must be stored in the database in order The field only applies when filter_duplicates Section 4 5 2 1 10 is set to 1 Ordered storage means that given a DataWriter with virtual GUID x a sample with vir tual sequence number sn 1 will be stored after a virtual sample with virtual sequence number sn If there is only one DataWriter with virtual GUID x in the system for example if there are no RTI Persistence Services the value of this column does not affect behavior Note Real Time Connect stores samples in the database as soon as they are received by the Real Time Connect subscriptions Connext DataReaders If ordered_store is set to 1 and there are multiple DataWriters with the same virtual GUID in the system old sam ples will not be stored in the database A sample with sequence number sn will be ignored if a sample with sequence number sn 1 for the s
143. rob 11 Error publishing record instance lem publishing a table change as a Topic The Real Time Connect Daemon had a prob 12 Error disposing record instance lem disposing of an instance of Topic when the user deleted a row in a table 13 Error initializing lt module gt module the Renk ime Connect Daemon had prob lems initializing an internal code module 14 The definition of environment variable s is required 15 Error opening the database connection associated to the DSN lt DSN gt 16 Error enabling database log 17 lt string gt too long maximum length lt length gt 18 Error creating connection to database log 19 The value of the column column in the table lt meta table gt is not valid Error generating lt type gt SQL statement The Real Time Connect Daemon had a prob 20 string lem in generating the string for preparing Error generating SOL statement string or executing a SQL statement Table A 1 Real Time Connect Errors and Warnings Code Message Details 21 Error skipping parameter for the field lt column gt Error binding parameter for the column 22 lt column gt Error binding parameters Supported SQL types are SOQL_CHAR SQL_WCHAR SOL_VARCHAR SOQL_WVARCHAR SQL_BINARY i i SQL_VARBINARY 23 a pave lt column gt has an unexpected SOL_INTEGER yP SQL_SMALLINT SQL_TINYINT SQL_BIGINT SQL_REAL SQL_FLOAT SQL_DOUBLE SQL_TIMESTAMP
144. roduction to the Real Time Connect Daemon 4 1 2 4 Windows Systems LI Copy the dll files to the system directory WINDOWS System32 or WIN DOWS System Alternatively you can add the directories containing the libraries to the System variable Path as follows Using the dialog opened with Start Settings Control Panel System Advanced tab Environment Variables button add the directories with backslash and semicolon separators containing the libraries to the System variable Path If the MySQL server is running as a service you will need to reboot the computer for this change to take effect Starting the MySQL Server in ANSI_QUOTES mode The MySQL server can operate in different sql modes The Real Time Connect Daemon requires the MySQL server to be configured in ANSI_LQUOTES mode Under that con figuration the MySQL server treats as an identifier quote character instead of a string quote character To verify if the MySQL server is already configured in ANSI_QUOTES mode run the following SQL statement SELECT global sql_mode If the string ANSI_QUOTES is not part of the result the MySQL server needs to be configured in ANSI_QUOTES mode using the option sql_mode ANSI_QUOTES to start the server That same effect can be achieved at runtime by executing the following SQL statement SET GLOBAL sql_mode ANSI_QUOTES Note The specific configurati
145. s Tags 4 32 Tags Allowed Fags Number of within Description T ae ags Allowed lt subscriptions gt Zsub ctibtions Configures a subscription by inserting or updating a row in the ee aires a table RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS See Table 4 13 on page 4 33 Note that there are columns in the tables RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS and RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS that don t have a corresponding tag inside lt publications gt and lt subscriptions gt Those columns represent configuration of QoS However you can configure the quality of service by using lt profile_name gt where you can refer to a QoS profile in your own XML configuration file or in any of the other QoS profile files loaded by the daemon see How to Load the XML Configuration Section 4 4 1 Configuration File Table 4 13 Subscription Tags Tags Allowed within lt subscription gt Description Number of Tags Allowed lt table_owner gt lt table_name gt lt domain_id gt lt topic_name gt Inserts the tag value into the column with the same name in the table RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS See Section 4 5 2 1 required lt type_name gt lt table_history_depth gt lt process_batch gt lt process_period gt lt commit_type gt lt cache_maximum_size gt lt cache_initial_size gt lt delete_on_dispose gt lt idl_member_prefix max_length gt lt idl_member_suffix_ max_length gt
146. s chapter presents a conceptual view of Real Time Connect s architecture and high lights its unique features It includes the following sections L The Edge to Enterprise Integration Solution Section 2 1 l Real Time Connect s Unique Features Section 2 2 The Edge to Enterprise Integration Solution Real Time Connect is a solution for integrating existing applications including service oriented architectures SOAs with high performance real time applications data and edge devices Real Time Connect provides a run time bridge between RTI s high throughput embeddable messaging infrastructure Connext and integration and data management standards such as SQL XML Web services and JMS This allows develop ers to benefit from the performance scalability Quality of Service QoS control and broad platform support provided by RTI s messaging technology while retaining interoperability with existing enterprise applications see Figure 2 1 Real Time Connect is a fully standards based solution for the integration of enterprise applications and high performance real time applications Enterprise applications typi cally use Structured Query Language SQL and Extensible Markup Language XML for data access and Java Message Service JMS Service Oriented Architectures SOAs and Web services for integration The most commonly adopted standard in high performance real time systems for both integration and data access is Object M
147. s with minimal modification to working applications In many situations existing applications do not have to change at all As seen in Figure 3 1 Real Time Connect consists of a daemon that acts like bridge between two software development domains One uses the OMG Data Distribution Ser vice API to publish and subscribe to data that may be generated at high rates with real time constraints The other applies algorithms and logic representing business processes to megabytes gigabytes or terabytes of data stored in relational databases 3 1 oInjoopyoiy E Architecture Figure 3 1 3 1 1 3 2 Real Time Connect Architecture RTI Real Time Connect BPEL Process Daemon Manager DDS ODBC Cache Connect to Oracle High performance Permanent storage Real Time Connect Daemon The Real Time Connect Daemon oversees the incoming subscribed data and outgoing published data It enables automatic storage of data published by Connext applications in a database by mapping a Topic to a table in the database and storing an instance of a Topic as a row in that table Also the daemon can automatically publish changes in a database table as a Topic Users have total control of the Quality of Services that the dae mon uses for publishing and subscribing to Connext data The Real Time Connect Daemon uses the Connext API as well as SQL through the ODBC API In addition there is a custom interface for each supported database management
148. signed my_field NUMBER 10 my_field unsigned long my_field NUMBER 10 my_field double my_field BINARY_DOUBLE my_field float my_field BINARY _FLOAT my_field string lt x gt my_field VARCHAR2 x if x lt 4000 otherwise CLOB my_field str wstring lt x gt my_field NVARCHAR2 x if x lt 4000 otherwise NCLOB my_field str d long long my_field NUMBER 20 my_field unsigned long long my_field NUMBER 20 my_field long double my_field RAW 16 my_field 1d f unsigned long long my_field TIMESTAMP my_field a The format on the wire of char and char x is the same b The format on the wire of wchar and wchar x is the same Buiddpo opoq pup yupw s TOS 1AI S IDL SQL Semantic and Data Mapping c The format on the wire of octet and octet x is the same d The bin suffix is only used for Oracle databases not Oracle TimesTen The reason is that Oracle doesn t support SQL BINARY x or VARBINARY x Binary data must be always stored as variable length raw data using the Oracle type RAW Thus Oracle RAW can be used to store IDL octet octet x and sequence lt octet x gt The bin suffix allows the daemon to determine which is actually stored for Oracle databases only e The str suffix is used to distinguish between w string lt x gt and sequence lt w char x gt f The
149. some parameters for the DDS_ResourceLimitsQosPolicy for the DataWriter created to publish table changes In particular they control the amount of memory that the system is allowed to allocate for storing published data values as well as the total number of data instances different primary keys that can be handled by the DataWriter A value of 1 for either of these columns means infinite An infinite setting means that the DataWriter is allowed to allocate memory as needed to store published table changes and manage new keys I The default value for dw res_limits max_samples if set to NULL is 32 J The default value for dw res_limits max_instances if set to NULL is 1 The number of keys that the DataWriter is allowed to manage places an upper limit on the number of rows that the related table in the database can have See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used changes_queue_maximum_size This column is available only for connections to a MySQL database The value of the column configures the maximum size of the queue that maintains the list of uncommit ted changes Note that there is a separate queue per table A value of 1 is used to indicate unlimited size RTIRTC_SCN The System Change Number SCN column is available only for connections to a MySQL database The value of this column is automatically maintained by Real Time Connect and is usually of no interest to the application For mo
150. t is not valid The resolution_column in the 35 type of the resolution column can be RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS table is not of an SQL_INTEGER SQL_SMALLINT acceptable type See resolution_column SQL_BIGINT and SQL_TIMESTAMP Section 4 5 1 1 8 Error gathering Connext instance informa 36 Error gathering instance information tion through the execution of the associated SELECT statement The schema of the metatables is not valid 37 Invalid metatable schema It is possible that those tables were created with a previous version of RTI RTC 38 Error deleting key from cache 39 Error deleting a row from lt table gt There was a problem deleting a row from a user data table The user tried to create a publication sub 41 Error creating publication subscription for scription for a table without a primary key the lt table gt without primary key Real Time Connect to Oracle does not sup port tables without primary keys Table A 1 Real Time Connect Errors and Warnings Code Message Details 43 Key not supported Non primitive IDL keys are not supported When Real Time Connect tries to create a table with complex keys it will report this error message Example with supported keys struct SupportedKeysSt string id_str key long id_long key short id_short key Fs Example with unsupported keys struct KeySt long id_long struct NonSupportedKeysSt KeySt id_st
151. t access_scope VARCHAR 25 pub present ordered_access TINYINT pub partition name VARCHAR 256 dw durability kind VARCHAR 30 se_dur sec INTEGER dw liveliness lea dw liveliness lea se_dur nsec INTEGE dw deadline period sec INTEGER dw deadline period nsec INTEGER dw history kind VARCHAR 21 dw history depth INTEGER dw ownership kind VARCHAR 23 dw ownership_strength value INTEGER dw publish_mode kind VARCHAR 29 dw res_limits max_samples INTEGER dw res_limits max_instances INTEGER PRIMARY KEY table_owner table_name domain_id topic_name Create Table RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS table_owner TT_VARCHAR 128 NOT NULL table_name TT_VARC HAR 128 NOT NULL domain_id TT_INTEG topic_name TT_VARC type_name TT_VARCHAR 200 ER NOT NULL HAR 200 table_history_depth TT_INTEGER resolution_column TT_VARCHAR 255 idl_member_prefix_max_length TT_INTEG R Oracle TimesTen with command line option typeMode 0 ER ER idl_member_suffix_max_length TT_INTEG profile_name TT_VARCHAR 255 pub present access_scope TT_VARCHAR pub present ordered_access TT_TINYINT pub partition name TT_VARCHAR 256 dw durability kind TT_VARCHAR 30 dw liveliness lease_dur sec TT_ dw liveliness lease_dur nsec TT_INT dw deadline period sec TT_INTEGER dw deadline period nsec TT_INTEGER
152. t describing this logic is provided below wait for change in RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS meto table UPDATE delete existing sub INSERT oes user table exist Yes create new sub if necessary create DomainParticipant No Yes does type code exist create user table in DB No defer creation until tyoecode is discovered 4 5 2 1 Subscriptions Table Schema The RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS table is created with the following SQL statement Oracle TimesTen with command line option typeMode 1 Create Table RTIDDS_SUBSCRIPTIONS table_owner VARCHAR 128 NOT NULL table_name VARCHAR 128 NOT NULL domain_id INTEGER NOT NULL topic_name VARCHAR 200 type_name VARCHAR 200 table_history_depth INTEGER 4 52 Meta Tables process_batch INTEGER process_period sec INTEGER process_period nsec INTEGER commit_type VARCHAR 17 cache_maximum_size INTEGER cache_initial_size INTEGER delete_on_dispose INTEGER idl_member_prefix_max_length INTEGER idl_member_suffix_max_length INTEGER profile_name VARCHAR 255 filter_duplicates TINYINT ordered_store TINYINT persist_state TINYINT sub present access_scope VARCHAR 25 sub present ordered_access TINYINT sub partition name VARCHAR 256 dr durability kind VARCHAR 30 dr reliability kind VARCHAR 27 dr destination_order kind VARCHAR 43 dr liveliness lease_dur sec INTEGER dr liveliness lease_dur nsec
153. ted with the user tables created automatically by the RTC daemon see Section 4 5 3 I The meta table RTIRTC_LOG will be created to store log messages generated by the Real Time Connect Daemon Use of this table is controlled by command line parameters and the connection discussed in Section 4 2 andSection 4 4 4 3 The following sections discuss the usage of these tables and describe the actions taken by the daemon when these tables are modified LJ Publications Table Section 4 5 1 I Subscriptions Table Section 4 5 2 LJ Table Info Section 4 5 3 I Log Table Section 4 5 4 4 35 JOO UUOD SU p La Buisn 7 Using Real Time Connect 4 5 1 4 36 Publications Table When entries rows are added to the meta table RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS the Real Time Connect Daemon will try to create a DataWriter and Publisher along with a DomainParticipant if required and use it to send changes to the designated user table via the Connext If the RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS table does not exist at startup the Real Time Connect Daemon will create it with the table owner set to the user name of the database connec tion as specified in the daemon s configuration file see Section 4 4 The schema and meaning of the columns of this table are described in the next section Users may insert new rows or modify the column values of existing rows in this table at anytime For a new row the daemon will first check to see if the designated user table
154. ted with the DataWriter The DDS_PartitionQosPolicy introduces a logical partition concept inside the physical par tition concept introduced by the domain ID A Publisher can communicate with a Sub scriber only if they have some partition in common The value of the pub partition name column specifies a list of partitions separated by commas to which the Publisher belongs See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also sub partition name Section 4 5 2 1 14 dw durability kind This column maps directly to the DDS_DurabilityQosPolicy of the DataWriter created to publish table changes By changing this policy the Real Time Connect Daemon can be configured to resend past changes to the database table to remote applications as soon as their subscriptions are discovered Only changes made by local applications to the table will be sent That is if the daemon is configured to subscribe to and store changes into the table from remote DataWriters those changes are not sent In addition the changes will only be sent if the DataReader is created with a reliable setting for its DDS_ReliabilityQosPolicy The number of past changes that will be sent is limited by the values of the lt dw his tory kind gt lt dw history depth gt and lt dw res_limits max_samples gt columns The possible values for the lt dw durability kind gt column are LI VOLATILE_DURABILITY_QOS This value prevents
155. the IDL key fields will be created as primary key columns For tables created by user code the correspondence of IDL key fields to table primary key columns must be set correctly Data Representation Mapping Table 5 1 Connext DBMS Semantic Models Connext Relational Database Details Values published for Topics will be stored into a database table by the Real Time Connect Daemon DDSDataReader read SQL INSERT DDSDataWriter write Se ATE i Table rows modified by SQL INSERT or UPDATE commands will be published by the Real Time Con nect Daemon as values of Topics DDSDataReader take SQL SELECT DDSDataWriter dispose SQL DELETE When SQL DELETE is used to delete a row from a table the Real Time Connect Daemon will call DDS DataWriter dispose to dispose the instance corre sponding to the row If a user application calls DDSDataWriter dis pose to dispose an instance the Real Time Connect Daemon may be configured to delete or keep the corresponding rows 5 2 Data Representation Mapping In Connext data is stored in data structures or classes defined using the Interface Defini tion Language IDL In relational databases data is stored in tables defined using SQL table schemas While there is a good correspondence of IDL primitive data types to SQL data types this mapping is not one to one Both IDL and SQL have data types that the other does not define no
156. the daemon from sending past changes to the table to newly discovered DataReaders This also the default value if the column is NULL LI TRANSIENT _LOCAL_DURABILITY_QOS This value will enable the daemon to send past changes to the table to newly dis covered DataReaders The DataReaders must be created with reliable DDS_ReliabilityQosPolicy NOTE If a table exists when the Real Time Connect Daemon creates a DataWriter the daemon will initialize the DataWriter with the current contents of the table such that Meta Tables 4 5 1 1 14 4 5 1 1 15 those values will be sent to new DataReaders with their DDS_DurabilityQosPolicy set to TRANSIENT_LOCAL_DURABILITY_QOS See the Connext documentation for more details on how this QoS policy may be used See also dr durability kind Section 4 5 2 1 15 and dr reliability kind Section 4 5 2 1 16 dw liveliness lease_dur These columns specify the lease duration for the DDS_LivelinessQosPolicy for the DataWriter created to publish table changes The user may need to change the lease duration if remote applications have modified their DataReaders corresponding DDS_LivelinessQosPolicy to non default values The possible values of the lt dw liveliness lease_dur sec gt seconds and lt dw liveli ness lease_dur nsec gt nanoseconds columns are An infinite lease duration is specified if both columns are NULL or contain the value 2147483647 2 1 This is the DDS default
157. tion_max_duration milliseconds it will be discarded by the Real Time Connect Daemon With a value of 1 the Real Time Connect Daemon will not dis card changes into the uncommitted queue until they are com mitted Default 5000 the RTIDDS_PUBLICATIONS table see Section 4 5 1 1 20 Oorl Table 4 10 Tags for Oracle Connections BLOB columns is determined on a per column basis using the Type Code information Default 65536 Additional Tags Number Allowed within Description of Tags lt oracle_connection gt Allowed Limits the size of CLOB and NCLOB columns for tables that do not have an associated TypeCode see Section 4 1 4 in the RTIRTC_TBL_INFO meta table see Section 4 5 3 lt clob_default_size gt If a user table has an associated TypeCode the maximum size of the 0 or 1 CLOB and NCLOB columns is determined on a per column basis using the TypeCode information Default 65536 Limits the size of BLOB columns for tables that do not have an associ ated TypeCode see Section 4 1 4 in the RTIRTC_TBL_INFO meta table see Section 4 5 3 lt blob_default_size gt If a user table has an associated TypeCode the maximum size of the 0 or 1 4 29 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect Table 4 11 Tags for TimesTen Connections Additional Tags Allowed within lt timesten_ connection gt Description Number of tags Allowed lt xla_buffer_size gt
158. to the DDS_HistoryQosPolicy for the DataReader created to subscribe to Topic data that is stored in the table The values set for this QosPolicy affect the DDS_ReliabilityQosPolicy Using a KEEP_ALL_HISTORY_QOS will ensure that reliable DataReaders will receive every change to the table reliably With a KEEP_LAST_HISTORY_QOS the Real Time Connect Daemon will only guarantee that the last lt dr history depth gt changes for each data instance are received reliably The possible values of the lt dr history kind gt and lt dr history depth gt columns are I KEEP_LAST_HISTORY_QOS For this setting the column lt dr history depth gt determines the maximum num ber of values for each data instance that be buffered in the DataReader before the Real Time Connect Daemon stores the received values into the table lt drhistory depth gt should be set to an integer greater than 0 The default value for history depth is 1 if this column is NULL LI KEEP_ALL_HISTORY_QOS default value if the column is NULL This setting implies that the DataReader created to subscribe to Topic data has an unlimited queue in which to save received data before the data is stored in the table The actual size of the queue is limited by the value in lt dr res_limits max_samples gt column 4 69 JOO UUOD SU De y La Buisn y Using Real Time Connect 4 5 2 1 21 4 5 2 1 22 4 70 For this setting the value in lt dr history
159. ually set to zero they cannot be both zero at the same time Default 1 unlimited Oorl 4 24 Configuration File Table 4 7 Database Mapping Options Tags within lt database_mapping_ options gt Description Number of Tags Allowed lt identifier_separator_ char gt Sets the character that is used as a separator in the hierarchical names generated when mapping IDL fields into SQL table columns The attribute is also used to configure the separator character for the columns in the meta tables The default value of in Oracle and Oracle TimesTen will generate columns names that must be referenced using double quotes See IDL to SQL Mapping Section 5 2 1 for more information about dou ble quoted identifiers Default For Oracle TimesTen for MySQL Oorl lt open_bracket_char gt Sets the opening bracket character that is used in the index compo nent of the arrays and sequences members names See Array Fields Section 5 2 8 and Sequence Fields Section 5 2 9 for more information about the mapping of IDL arrays and sequences into SQL columns The default value of will generate columns names that must be referenced using double quotes Default Oorl lt close_bracket_char gt Sets the closing bracket character that is used in the index compo nent of the arrays and sequences members names See Array Fields Section 5 2 8 and
160. ved for an instance will be stored by the table LI 1 Meta columns will be added to accommodate the storing of historic values for instances All values received by the DataReader will be stored by the table See User Table Creation Section 4 6 for more information on meta columns process_batch process_period commit_type These columns allow users to tune the Real Time Connect Daemon for optimal through put performance When the daemon receives data from a DataReader it may be config ured to delay storing the data into a table and or committing the transaction until more data arrives For a data streams with high throughput thousands of samples per sec onds the ability for the daemon to process incoming data in batches greatly improves the efficiency and ultimately the maximum sustainable throughput rate for a given Topic Meta Tables The trade off is latency The more data that is processed in a single batch the more effi ciently the processing can occur However A greater delay between the receiving of the data by the daemon and the time that it can be accessed by user applications in the data base The column lt process_batch gt controls how many data samples are processed at a time by the Real Time Connect Daemon Instead of executing SQL UPDATE or INSERT every time data is received the daemon only stores the data after it receives a certain number of samples set by lt process_batch gt If the value lt process_b
161. x86 processors LI i86Win32 for Windows systems on 32 bit x86 processors To install lib rtirtc_mysqlq so dll copy the appropriate version of lib rtirtc_mysqlq so dll into the MySQL server s plugin directory the directory named by the plugin_dir system variable The plugin directory can be changed by set ting the value of plugin_dir when the MySQL server is started For example you can set its value in the my cnf configuration file mysqld plugin_dir path to plugin directory For additional information about the plugin directory see the following link http dev mysql com doc refman 5 1 en install plugin html Installing libnddsc so dll and libnddscore so dll on the MySQL Server Since the library librtirtc_mysqlq so dll internally uses Connext the corresponding shared libraries lib nddsc so d11 and lib nddscore so dll distributed with Connext also need to be installed on the MySQL server host Note Please consult the Release Notes for specific details of the supported platforms for your release of Real Time Connect to MySQL The libraries nddsc and nddscore must be located in a directory that is searched by the system dynamic linker UNIX based Systems L Copy the shared libraries to a directory such as usr lib E Alternatively add the libraries to the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH that must be set for the user who starts the MySQL server This method requires restarting the MySQL server Int
162. you can specify the history depth of the log This value limits the size of the table RTIRTC_LOG in the database that the daemon uses for logging messages The default is 1000 rows and a value of 1 implies no limit When the table is filled new log messages will replace the oldest messages effectively using the table as a circular buffer Default disabled Oorl lt publications gt This tags allows inserting publications in the table RTIRTC_PUBLICATIONS when the daemon starts up See Initial Subscriptions and Publications Sec tion 4 4 4 4 Oorl lt subscriptions gt This tags allows inserting subscriptions in the table RTIRTC_SUBSCRIPTIONS when the daemon starts up See Initial Subscriptions and Publications Sec tion 4 4 4 4 Oorl 4 28 Configuration File Table 4 9 Tags for MySQL Connections Additional Tags Allowed within lt mysql_connection gt Description Number of Allowed Tags lt transaction_max_duration gt Provides an estimation of the maximum duration of a data base transaction If a table change is not committed in the interval specified by this attribute it will not be published to Connext Uncommitted table changes are stored in a per table queue The maximum size of that queue can be configured setting the value of the changes_queue_maximum_size column in If a change in the uncommitted changes queue has not been committed after transac

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