NONEL UNIDET
Contents
1. ee E SEEF Pac xt E cud ad um SS n ee m T Nar pum Wu ae DM py m J Be ear 1 PELIS 1 a E tT 2 AE a A ms eee i amr Trad insani ag alt d II utm reed ur ere iy bra 7 J H n Du M det j hi 1 513 SEEN i T age Vi 4 4 Mg 7 AER E E In the stoping area another effect by the explosive and the detona tors is sought for When the cut is blasted and thrown from the face room has been made for the rock masses from the stoping area where a limited forward throw is desired Therefore the delay times are longer between the period numbers in the stoping area giving a short not scattered muckpile which 1s easy to load The delay time between period number in the stoping area is 500 ms For the blasting of the contour the first demand is that the deto nators have high precision so the contour holes cooperate in the smoothblasting ae Fai i i rerum 1 1 HP 4 r 1 ne moa vir I Jr LI i d iB rere D a p xz i 34 The LP series have the following nominal delay times Bunch Connector 35 The simplest way to hook up a NONEL LP blast is by using bunch connectors The bunch connector is a connector2. were the prier ovina presi system is 4 certified DYNO Dyno Nobel Dyno Nobel Sweden AB Gyttorp SE 713 82 NORA SWEDEN Tel 46 587 85000 Fax 46 587 25535 www dynonobel com SOO 2003 11 Version 1 TB
3. USER 5 MANUAL cie text rs i ur 45 1 DYNO Dyno Nobel mm Rum aa aqu Cabal Ire AMISIT ee rra FE 3i mami RIGHT TO EXCLUDE OTHERS FIM m T jn mm g VUL AGL WIR YH VASE DEES ETS SHALL COM Whereas FERE ji ia som dul laudas PETITIO WEW AND DUXEFLUIE TATE A REEN PRESET Vidi DIE GRANT ok LETTERS PATENT ro 22 FUR ALLEGED LIH TITLE ASD ERES KETDICKw qu wine une D ES THE SPECIFICATION rf Wii HM OA Cory MT MEUM MADE A PART MS PEE ee E VARDOLS LAS Us SERRE CASE ERES Ss uation HAVE GEOM PLEDD WIL ASD THE 4 ITLE THEO uS THE PATENT OFFICE rm i rip I UV HE SAI TCE tx THE CLAIM AA TiSi pIICATED F DEAT pime CLAIMANT 83 i5 ASD WHEREAS UPON DUE EXAMINATION MADE THE SAID IS CARE ATHFUERGEE TO NTITLED TO A PATENT UNDER TIE LAW L 1 PON THES rn Palani Ant sAm Lem AI LAIMA CoP APER TEES sA CCESSCHES HEIRS ASSESS oF THE KAD LAINANTS TERM SEVE Es an 8 THE TERM oF SEVENTEEN VEAR FOAL THE DATE OP TIUS MUPIIDUT Ti THE PAS MENT CHE UNT DE FEES A
4. T T T 1 aa i i ay ui gt j 4 j 1 J j J fs i l F F i f L a r Jg r j j f r J d fi 4 i J D i j i Fg i 7 ij f if i i mr i ru AER AE ar A 7 HX 7 1 I y 1 s i r S20 Oi Ee er AE 5 ms 542 584 Surface activation is before any rock movement starts Risk of overlapping Maximum size of rounds for differ ent initiation patterns when using NONEL UNIDET According to Swedish Standard SS 499 07 07 Initiation system with non electric shock tube of low energy type section 19 4 theoretical verification the maximum size of rounds for different initiation patterns should be specified If the specified number of holes is exceeded there is a risk of overlapping according to the Swedish Standard We advise against firing patterns that do not meet the demands of the Swedish Standard The calculations are based on nominal delay times given by the manufacturer and the maximum standard deviations and shall show when there is a risk of overlapping in the most unfavorable case Overlapping means that a hole in the row behind detonates before a hole directly in front of it The risk of overlapping is stated for each initiation pattern The recommendations given are valid under the condition that all in hole detonators have the same active tube length Active tube
5. length means the length of tube that is between the in hole detona tor and the point where the surface connection unit is connected The additional time due to the shock wave velocity in the tube adds to the delay time and adversely affects the number of holes in a row when the active tube length decreases with the length of the round i e when the active length of the tube 1s shorter in one row than in the row in front For this reason the greatest permitted difference in length is 5 m Differences in length from 0 to 5 m have been taken into ac count have been taken into account when computing the risks of overlapping NOTE The delay times between the rows must always be longer than the delay times between the holes in the rows 20 Wide space effect The typical drilling pattern has a spacing burden ratio of 1 25 which has proved to give good rock fragmentation in multiple row blasting In the 70s tests were carried out in Sweden with wide space hole blasting with S B ratios greater than 1 25 The results of the tests showed improved fragmentation up to an S B ratio of 8 The burden and spacing must be normal in the first row otherwise the burden will be too small increasing the risk of flyrock B 5 1 p 5 5 SIB 1 25 t 2 4 T E E a a CECT Typical drilling pattern Wide space drilling pattern EDD CDU MEE 202 5 t b E
6. unit that is used to initiate a number of NONEL tubes that have been gathered into a bunch The technique is used primarly in tunnel blasting A bunch connector consists of a connec tor block which contains a zero delay detonator SnapLine 0 In the connector block there is a loop of detonating cord 5 g m A bunch connector is designed for the reliable initiation of a maximum of 20 NONEL tubes The number of tubes in a bunch should not be less than 5 Initiation with detonating cord Instead of using bunch connectors a loop of detonating cord may be used to connect the bunches The detonating cord is fastened around the bunch with a clove hitch and extended to the next bunch until all bunches are connected to the detonating cord sling The method calls for precision and caution in the conncetion work as the shockwave from the detonating cord my cut adjacent NONEL tubes without initiating them Therefore the sling of detonating cord is pulled from the front and streched up so adjacent NONEL tube are at least 20 cm away from the detonating cord Detonating cord with a core load of 5 g m is recommended Higher core load increases the risk of cut offs and subse quent misfires 36 Initiation Initiation with bunch connectors The bunch connector is only intended for use freely hanging on the tunnel face At least 5 and a maximum of 20 NONEL tubes are collected into a bunch The bunch is taped approx 50 cm from th
7. 102427 102 70 ABSTRACT A fuse apparatus including an elongated hollow 513 Oh m 8 04 lube witha substance coating the inner periphery 50 of Search Pict tale TS 102 27 TH adapled ro suppor gaseous percugsium wawe Lhrourhout the 110 7 1 1409 93 Jeng h oF the cube l his AVE ON relapes bo More particiiherly Bis invention relates to a Fuse for transfe Of amp debo mbes on chirt no eet ar nr in Liming or gomling detinaipon in an explosive charge The Fuse comsists of an elongated wrapping heving the shape of a tubular rigid or dust whic coarne a Quanity of ti wether which disiributexd abong the duct and whach occapies a portion oaly of the croi area of de channel filled by gas of the duc CONTENT NONEL INITIATION 2 The tube The detonator The connector block Three different NONEL systems NONEL MS Firing pattern for bench blasting Initiation with dertonating cord Underwater blasting Sublevel stoping NONEL UNIDET NONEL UNIDET Principal of initiation Risk of overlapping Wide space effect Firing pattern UNIDET 1 Plowformed initiation Firing pattern UNIDET 2 Large burden and large diameter holes Firing pattern UNIDET 3 Very large burden and large diameter holes Firing pattern UNIDET 4 Top and b
8. The outer diameter of the plastic tube is 3 mm and it is not affected by the shock wave which goes through it and as such it does not initiate the explosive that is in contact with the tube The NONEL system is insensitive to electric influence except for direct stroke of light ning and is thus ideal when electric initiation is not possible nor permitted Unlike other non electric initiation systems such as detonating cord the reaction in the NONEL tube is contained in it while detonating cord as the name indicates detonates with a velocity of 6 500 m sec and emits a high pressure shock wave Detonation front 2 100 m sec TTE 6 500 m sec ame 4i Aayi 5 2 shock wave is contained the NONEL tube while detonating detonates When using NONEL the explosive in the hole be initiated from the bottom in an efficient way Detonating cord initiates the explosive from the top of the hole and may when using relatively insensitive explosives as ANFO and certain emulsion explosives it can cause dead pressing NONEL Detonating cord m e ad Zu m flyrock as the stemming is When initiating with NONEL the surface activation is well ahead of the initiation of the explosive in the blasthole A combination of U 500 in the blasthole and clip 42 on the surface most often gives the result that the whole round is activated before any rock movement starts The tube The NONEL tub
9. The safety of the system 15 guaranteed by means of a unique code for each user that must be fed into the central unit before transfer can be made from the cen tral unit to the blasting machines Firing of the round s is are made at the central unit with a firing box that is twohand operated with CHARGING and FIRING bottons DynoRem Mine 15 approved by SP and CE certified in accordance with EMC and LVD directives SwedishNational Testing and Research Institute NONEL Special products Surface coated detonators for improved corrosion resistance of the aluminum shells especially in chemically aggressive environ ments Dyno Nobel manufactures detonators that are anodised and finished with laquer NONEL OD At worksites where the detonators are exposed to great strain Dyno Nobel manufactures detonators with reinforced aluminum shells NONEL tube with other colors NONEL detonators may be supplied with NONEL tube of a different color then standard or transparent Technical data and other properties are not changed NONEL SnapLine The previous connector block SnapLine can henceforth be obtained on request Its properties and use are in principle the same as the Snapline can initiate a maximum of 5 NONEL tubes or 1 E cord It is available with the delay times 0 1 75 ms 17 ms 25 ms 42 ms 67 ms 109 ms and 176 ms 48 Destruction of detonators Detonators that are too old to be used or damaged should b
10. This can be done with or without delay in the mini detonator which is placed in the connecting block Note The connecting block clip is exclusively designed for trans mission of the shock wave on the surface of the rock and must not be used in blastholes neighter for initiation of detonating cord Connection of NONEL is designed for the initiation of up to 8 NONEL tubes Thanks to the design of the block the tubes are initated in both directions The function of the clip can not be guaranteed when used together with shock tube systems of other brands The should not be used to initiate detonating cord Connecting procedure It is simple to connect a round with the con necting block is hooked to the tube of the blasthole detonator and then the rest of the tubes are pushed into the block with the thumbs or pulled into the block If 8 tubes are to be connected into the block they should be placed into the block one by one to fit in place Make a point of introducing the NONEL tubes behind the grooves in the block Carrying out the connection The connection should be done as close to the blast hole as possible The NONEL tubes are tightened up for better overview of the connection However it should not be too tight especially it the round is to be covered with heavy mats Splinter The minidetonator in the gives a certain amount of splinter that may damage adjacent NONEL tubes T
11. accordance with the EMC directive ry O For initiation of the round press the button CHARGING until the indicator LCD shines steady Then the round is blasted by pressing the button FIRING at the same time as the button CHARGING is kept depressed This causes a spark to be made inside the shock tube causing its initiation 44 Initiation using Dynoline with HN 1 The HN 1 blasting machine is connected to the round via DynoLine Cut away the end sealing of the tube Swing open the breech and tube holder in an anti clockwise direction Pass the NONEL tube upwards through the hole in the tube holder until it protrudes approx 5 cm Lock the tube in the retaining fork Set the primer cap in the firing chamber Close the breech against the stop pin Close the tube holder to firing position The NONEL tube is automatically cut to the correct length to suit the machine HN 1 is now ready for firing Press the safety catch and fire by driving the hand down on to the firing knob The primer caps should be of the Shotshell Primer No 20 type and are available from Dyno Nobel 45 Initiation using electric detonator NONEL rounds may also be initiated with an electric detonator The electric detonator is then connected to the clip connector that is used to initiate the round The electric detonator is taped to the NONEL with the detonator bottom pointing in the direction of the shock wave
12. have shown that the rock in one row should move forward 1 3 one third of the burden distance before next row detonates The delay time may vary from 10 ms m burden in hard rock to 30 ms m in soft rock Normally 15 ms m can be used as a guide value Hshurdan ie 11 NONEL MS is a conventional initiation system with 25 ms delay time between each period number The short delay times remains from the times when small diameter blastholes and small burdens were predominent Drill series 11 and 12 give burden distances of 1 0 to 1 5 m and then a delay time of 25 ms between the rows is suitable NONEL MS is used in bench blasting underwater blasting and sublevel stoping NONEL UNIDET is an initiation system with uniform delay time in the blasthole detonator and variable delay time on the surface The delay time in the blasthole is normally 500 ms other delay times may be chosen Then the firing sequence is built up on the surface with connecting units with their own delays Surface delay units are available with delay times from 0 ms to 285 ms which gives greater flexibility to adapt the firing se quence to burden distance and rock conditions NONEL LP is an initiation system developed for underground operations The delay times are generally longer to give the blasted rock time enough to move forward in the confined spaces that are prevailing in tunnel blasting NOTE Detonators intended for blastholes may not be used at the rock s
13. in other colors if there is a need An example 15 when several detonators are used in each hole and different colors facilitate the 1den tification of the different detonators Dyno Nobel are introducing a new shocktube NONEL W which is partly transparent The shotfirer will then be able to more clearly differentiate a fired shocktube from an unfired one 4 The detonator Nonel tube Sealing plug Delay element l element Base charge Aluminum shell In 1992 Dyno Nobel introduced a completely new concept for detonators on the world market It was the NPED detonator Non Primary Exposive Detonator which does not contain any primary explosive Primary explosives have been the greatest problem in manufacture and use of detonators and caused many accidents over the years due to their sensitivity to fric tion heat and impact The primary explosive has in the NPED detonator been re placed by an initiation element I element which contains a secondary explosive in this case PETN In the initiation ele ment the firing impulse from the delay element is transformed from deflagration to detonation in a very short period of time which then initiates the base charge Detonators from Dyno Nobels are rated as strength No 8 according to Prior test 10 for safe and reliable initiation of modern explosives The detonator shell which 1s made of aluminum contains not counting the I element a base charge of RDX also a second a
14. S FxOvIDED BY LAW THe 58161 LENGCI WY PAT HORN THE UNITED STATES a Iii s Ac ES Tits n testimonn where af tice ety erro n ae of Pese respi fes Sixth Jay Aa an Yun PUR rw eun zovontg ona amet oy the ay aio it po d Hoeren FA aseo ninety sixth 3 i d d nnn i m mm F E Y 4 j 3 E r3 b i La ABT T Melo dud AOA er a d ra iJ i ap a m Se ee ant United States Patent 113 590 739 Per A mers Perasog 19 References Cibed a ac UNITED STATES PATENTS 1 dir po Tni T pa 24H20901 9 949 Audrierh 14403 X i45 Pulen duly 1971 2124 2 12 1953 Davie etal 2 22 102 29 Amme reNobel AB 253 432 Greedy etal sss ee 34027835 ADM 102 27 pere 3 206 968 11967 Shubnar eral 102227 rim Pi 3 132 351 771987 Burkaordetal 1422 7 31 FOREIGN PATENTS 115 833 RIMIS Canada cusa 102 497 5a FUSE Primacy Examiner 18 Clama 9 Drawing Figs Y ares Dowelland A ntes Dowell Jr EE
15. at the technical documentation and the product the requirements ser out in Article Module of the Direetive and alen fulfil the applicable essential safely requirements set out in annex of the Directive which hos heen confirmed by type testing The manufacturer s instructions for use 1n Swedish have heen examined and found to the relevant requirements in the Directive The information in the instructions must be provided in the language thal is used where product will be sold Manufactured products must be inspected in accordance with Article 6 Modules C D Boor af the Directive and must fulfil the hasie requirements in olber applicable directives Other terms and conditions ure set out in SPCR 034 This certificate is the fourth edition with this mimhber and replaces the certificate dated 20 June 20001 i 3 27 October 20X13 ish National Testing and Research Institute lion gt P Chc TUE som Ake M nssan Cettititation manager Cerlitication atticer SP Swedish National Testing and esrarrh Irettuts Bax 657 5 50 15 BORAS Saadon leeonone 146 33 1 6 50 00 446 32 13 55 00 barra cce zy diz Swed sh zn zs dra or ac ri Dici om ww kh bes scat fried d OU Ome 4 po 08 071 nur resi Doe epee Dinge Ih n Uf
16. ator should not be big enough to cause overlapping that is a detonator with a lower period number should al ways detonate before one with a higher period number T n However Dyno Nobel has internally set the scatter limits tighter to avoid the risk of overlapping This explains why the precision in the three NONELsystems are different NONEL UNIDET is best NONEL LP has the larg est scatter and NONEL MS is inbetween T 1 Good precision right value Bad precision wrong mean value 03 01 29 m ee ee The detonator shells are marked with EXPLOSIVE DANGER DETONATOR After DETONATOR the detonator delay time is marked In the ex ample in the photograph 500 MS After DANGER is the letter G which indicates that the detonator was manufactured in Gyttorp The connector block The NONEL system includes 8 different connector units known as Eclip are included in the NONEL system They are used to connect the NONEL MS series 0 UNIDET Eclip 17 Eclip 25 Eclip 42 Eclip 67 Eclip 109 Eclip 176 Eclip 285 Description of the systems are to be found on pages12 and 17 Each connection block can initiate up to 8 tubes and the design of the block 1 1S such that the tubes are oa in both directions 25 ay NR ia E e x I n e eK The function of the connecting blocks 15 to relay the shock wave through the NONEL tube in connection points
17. e destroyed Occasionally undamaged detonators may be de stroyed by blasting them together with explosive in a blasthole Cut away the tube and drop the detona tors into the blasthole one by one Detonators may also be blasted by taping them to an explosives cartridge which is blasted If the explo sive cartridge is blasted in the open take precautions against shrapnel and airborne shock waves When larger numbers of detonators must be destroyed or when damaged detonators must be destroyed con tact Dyno Nobel or its representative for advice Destruction of NONEL tube Blast away the reactive material with DynoStart and send the tube to Recycling Garbage dump e Burning site Destruction of detonating cord e Connect to a detonator and fire it Be aware of the risk of splinter and airshock waves e Drop into a blasthole together with explosive and and blast together with the rest of the round For additional information refer to the product Safety Data Sheet MSDS 49 Misfire procedure In the case of undetonated holes being discovered after the blast the following procedure can be used B C D Riak area evacuated 1 guarded make fins wait rank Fh 2 AIL OK Failure 3 mE Part of tha round Jr nd Report 73 Control Occasional 4 mistire m 5 tube mat initiated R Report atte
18. e front The bunch is passed through the loop of 5 g m detonating cord A Snapline 0 1s fitted to the loop and slid towards the bunch Place the bunch connector approx 10 cm from the tape Press the SnapLine block towards the NONEL bunch 1 Lock the bunch connector by pressing the lid to locking position 2 Con nect the bunch connectors in an and pull the bunch connectors from the face No bunch connec tor nor part of the detonating cord loop should be closer to an adjacent NONEL tube than 20 cm 37 Firing pattern LP 1 The round is charged conventionally with the lowest period num ber closest to the large empty hole and the highest in the contour holes Initiation may be carried out using bunch connectors Con nect the NONEL tubes from bunch connectors to an amp clip 0 or a NONEL Starter Note that LP 0 is not used LP O could be useful to keep in in re serve if the large hole is filled with water The the water can be blown out of it with a small charge that detonates first The difference in length of the tube between point of initiation and detonator should not exceed 5 m 38 Firing pattern LP 2 39 If there are vibration problems at the work site it can be advanta geous to delay half the round As an example this diagram shows a 42 ms delay at the surface This causes greater scatter and the risk of cooperation between charges decreases In this case it is not possible to use in hole detonat
19. e is the origi nal low energy fuse that was introdudced into the market in 1973 by Dyno Nobel Then Nitro Nobel The tube which has an outer diameter of 3 mm is internally coated with a reactive material When the tube is subject to an initiatig impulse from as an example a shot shell primer or a highly intensive spark from a blasting machine shock wave is sent through the tube with a velocity of 2 100 m sec The shock wave 1s sufficiently strong to initiate a detonator but ELS not strong enough to burst the 3 layer NONEL tube tube and and affect the string of explosives it goes through The tube is extruded in 3 layers each of which has different different properties The innermost layer has good adhesive properties for the reactive material to adhere The middle layer gives the tube its good tensile strength and the radial strength that is necessary to prevent the tube from bursting by the strain caused when the shock wave goes through it The outermost layer has good abresive re sistance and is also the layer where the coloring of the tube 1s done The tube is UV protected to withstand strong sunlight during extended exposure without the ability to initiate being affected The NONEL tube is color coded It 1s availabe in three standard colors red for bench blasting detonators yellow for the tunnel series pink for surface connectors Starters bunch connectors and DynoLine The NONEL tube may also be supplied
20. ent stretch Tensile strength joint detonator tube 4 kg during 2 minutes up to 50 C The NONELdetonators are vacuum packed in aluminum bags Recommended max storage time is 2 years from date of manufacture in unopened package Date of manufacture is stated on each product and on the packing Products in opened package should be used within 3 months NONEL UNIDET is normal ly packed in plastic bags Recommended max storage time for these is 2 years from date of manufacture provided good storage conditions are maintained NONEL is packed in transport class 1 1B or 1 4B as standard but may be packed in transport class 1 45 which makes transport and storage much easier 26 A SP z x cum we rot Product Type Detonuters with non electric signal conductors c amp hoek tubes of low energy Product ame NONEL detonators hIanufacturer s Name and Address Dna Nobel Europe 713 82 Mora Sweden Applicant s Wome und Address Dyno Sobel Sweden AB SE 713 82 Nora Sweden Appendix te this Certificate Produce description technical documentation applied standards and rexuairements Marking Products thar contomm with the product to which this of EC Iype ex auninaliou relates may be marked with the symbol in accordance with Directive 937 EVEEC Explosives for civil uses Being a notified in accordance wilh directive 937 1S ERC it is herewith certified th
21. etonator by con necting it to a connecting block in the next row In this case the top detonator is delayed 67 ms in relation to the bottom detonator This is to avoid top initiation as far as possible To distinguish which detonator is in the top and which is in the bottom the top detonator has yellow tube and the bottom detonator red tube The firing pattern 15 suitable when the rock is fissured and when bulk explosives are used Risk of overlapping An unlimited number of rows and holes in the rows may be con nected without exceeding the demands stated in Swedish Standard for overlapping e ly Firing pattern UNIDET 5 Zig Zag connection P 59 118 177 238 295 354 OR NR RR co 17 76 35 1544 Simple zig zag connection with 101 ms delay between the rows 59 ms between the holes in the rows However in the beginning of the connection the delay times are shorter 59 ms respective 177 ms This firing pattern 1s suitable for firing a simple 2 row blast Risk of overlapping No risk of overlapping 26 Firing pattern UNIDET 6 Deck charging to control ground vibration AE 17 555 zii gt ma 1 1 1 8 w Tu gt Three piece charging for blast sites with ground vibration problems Each portion of the charge gets its own delay time as in hole detonators with 450 475 and 500 ms delay are u
22. form delay times All inhole detonators in the round have the same delay time and the firing sequence is built up on the surface with connection units with their own inbuilt delays The delay time of the inhole detonators is normally chosen to be 500 ms which gives time enough for surface activation of all inhole detonators before any rock movement starts Dyno Nobel s recommendation is to use 2 detonators in each charge when the hole depth is over 10 m or when the rock 1s fis sured or water saturated When the holes are fissured it 15 com mon that the explosives string separates and then it is necessary to have one detonator in the bottom of the hole and another in the top part of the hole The delay time of the bottom detonator should be shorter than that of the top detonator to avoid top initiation NONEL UNIDET Principal of initiation 2 artis ee Basic delay GOO ms All the holes in the round are normally loaded with detonators with the same delay time In this case 500 ms Final delay The firing sequence is determined on the surface with connec tion blocks 18 amp clips are available with different delay times they are color coded each color indicating the delay time ms nominal 2 ms Green Yellow 17 ms Red 25 ms White 42 ms Blue 67 ms Black 109 ms Orange 176 ms Brown 285 ms 84 16A 211 252 294 4 TJ Jms 358 37 1 9 ci T T
23. he safety distance from the connection block to adja cent tubes should be at least 15 cm Locking the tube The NONEL tubes should be connected inside the identifi cation tag but at least 60 cm from the detonator or connec tion block If there is a risk that the connected NONEL tube is pulled out of the block it should be locked by connecting the tube on the other side of the block or by making a knot on the tube To connect the fourth tube on each side keeps all the connected tubes effectively in place Reconnection If it is necessary to remove connected tubes from the amp clip bend the tube and pull according the the sketch at the left To facilitate the removal of tubes especially in cold weather press the flap somewhat upwards with the thumb Reconnection must be carried out in a way that avoids damage to the plastic block or the tube Three different NONEL systems Three initiation systems based on NONEL are available NONEL MS NONEL UNIDET NONEL LP NONEL MS NONEL UNIDET are used for bench blasting and the delay times are adapted to the conditions prevailing in bench blasting In bench blasting with several rows of holes it is important that the rock from the first row 1s given sufficient time to move for ward before the rock from the second row starts to move When the rock breaks by the explosive its volume increases by approx 50 Room must be made for this increase in volume in a very short time Studies
24. hould not be used between rows Then the risk of over lapping is greater than that stated in Swedish Standard In all other combinations where the delay time between holes in the rows is shorter than the delay times between the rows the overlapping risk does not exceed the demands stated in Swedish Standard 23 Firing pattern UNIDET 3 Very large burden and large diameter holes 990 612 570 612 np E PS PF P gt ing 2 2 2 DM P i i E 500 0800 Firing pattern with 285 ms delay time between the rows 42 ms between the holes in the rows This gives wide space blasting effect Each hole has 2 detonators giving back up initiation by con necting each detonator different connection blocks Risk of overlapping Eclip 17 should not be used between rows Then the risk of over lapping is greater than that stated in Swedish Standard In all other combinations where the delay time between holes in the rows is shorter than the delay times between the rows the overlapping risk does not exceed the demands stated in Swedish Standard 24 Firing E 4 m and initation 25 a art a m M U 500 detonators are used both in top and bottom of the hole The top detonator is delayed in relation to the bottom d
25. in the tube The electric detonator should be well covered with earth drill cuttings etc as the strength of this detonator is considerably greater than that of an Eclip Shrapnel from the detonator may cause cut offs of the NONEL tubes in the round Note that when the electric detonator is connected to the round the whole round is exposed to the same risks as when electric detonators are used in the round with regard to thunder storms static electricity stray currents etc 46 Remote controlled initation of underground rounds DynoRem Mine 47 DynoRem Mine is a remote controlled initation system for work sites underground which have an existing radio communication system It consists of a computer controlled central unit and a maximum of 24 blasting machines The radio communication system of the worksite is used for com munication between the central unit and the blasting machines The central unit can be located in an office space above ground and the blasting machines close to each blasting site Each central unit may control up to 24 blasting machines that may be divided into groups containing up to 9 blasting machines Several blasts may be initiated within a predetermined timeframe from one site Each blasting machine may have its own firing time and this time is stored in the central unit The central unit has a master clock that controls the time in each blasting machine giving the user full control over the firing time
26. ing pattern UNIDET 9 Trench blasting Simple connection for a pipeline trench only 3 components which be reduced to 2 if Eclip 0 is replaced by amp clip 17 Trench blasting with U475 in the middle holes and U500 in the edge holes 42 ms delay between the rows gives good breakage geometry 1 the round 30 31 NONEL SnapDet NONEL SnapDet is a combination detonator which consists of an in hole detonator on one end of the tube and a surface connection block on the other NONEL SnapDet complements the NONEL UNIDET system and simplifies the connection work without forgoing the possibility to give each particular blasthole its individual initiation time Each hole in the round has the same type of NONEL SnapDet detonators The delay beween the rows is obtained with SnapDet s surface connection unit Connection and delay between the rows is made with NONEL UNIDET The round is fired conventionally One advantage with NONEL SnapDet 15 that stock keeping may be kept at a minimum level Only one kind of SnapDet and one kind of is required to carry out most blasts In order to fully exploit the system s range of possibilities the worksite should have a standardized workcycle with recurrent drilling charging and firing patterns Such work sites are quarries open pit mines and large construction sites Note of safety As the surface connector is connected to an in hole detonator it is of utmost impo
27. nd to 6 Control Charge in air i Report Uncover 7 Hew seiten Light Easy s makar Control Re B port Blow put i Na ime 8 nator Contral NOTE Safety regulations in force must be followed E F G omisfires Report anion ci Treat az Gun be loft to the Heri round Report Report 1 es Inform Flush scale mark guard close to hole neccesary Ralnari 50 Data sheet the NONEL system 5I The NONEL system is not designed for use in gassy environments such as underground coalmines or other environments where explosive gases may occur nor where a dust explosion may result The NONEL system is approved for use only with the products that are described in this user s manual The use of NONEL products together with other shock tube systems is not tested nor approved Therefore it can not be recommended neither are any guarantees given regarding function Recommended usage temperature Surface 35 C to 50 C Blasthole 25 C to 70 C Recommended storage conditions Storage at normal room temperature however occasionally max 50 C and at max RH 50 Highest hydro static water pressure 3 bar during 7 days Tensile strength NONEL tube 25 kg at 20 C during 2 minutes giving a 250 permanent stretch 15 kg at 70 C during 2 minutes giving a 300 perman
28. nitiated with detonating cord if noise and air shock waves can be tolerated at the work site Deto nating cord with a core load of 5 g m is recommended The NONEL tube is best connected to the cord by MULTICLIP 14 Underwater blasting 1 underwater blasting using NONEL E Tm 5 MS it 1s recommended that two deto nators are used in each hole The tubes from the detonators are connected to Eclip 0 above the water surface pre a ferrably on floats of polystyrene 7 similar To secure initiation in underwater blasting the initiation should be done via 2 trunklines Underwater rounds may also be ini tiated by a 5 g m detonating cord A minimum of 5 to a maximum of 20 NONEL tubes are collected into a bunch and then taped together The detonating cord is tied around the bunch with a clove hitch AI ternatively a bunch connector with SnapLine block can be used See pages 35 and 37 The bunches should have a distance n T 1 of at least 0 5 between each other to avoid the risk of cutoffs of tubes m 15 Sublevel stoping is a mining method where holes are drilled in a circle from a develop ment drift and blasted towards a raise shaft or blasted rock NONEL MS is well suited for sublevel stoping which is kind of upside down bench blasting 16 17 The NONEL UNIDET system is based an inhole detonator with uni
29. or LP 0 as a hole with that delay 25 ms would detonate before the 42 ms connector has activated the in hole detonators that are connected to these bunch connectors The risk for cut offs 1s obvious Firing pattern LP 40 se 5 Re za 2 2 7 4 low 45 10 By using connectors with different delays it 1s possible to decrease the risk of co operating charges in sensitive environments In this case 5 different connector units been used to give more scatter in the delay times The shortest delay time in the cut is 100 ms LP 1 to avoid cut offs 40 Firing pattern LP 3c 67 me hi Oe 109 ms E ab E PET 2067 2608 e609 EH Thaw AD jj m SDET ET 2109 HET inc iB 3525 Be zage di a 1237 La xu T ie E apa 457 7509 ange 1108 1 067 2100 1467 1207 igr liora 1305 1777 a 2067 apo UU anal e cn T 2042 amp c 1200 ODO Ofte 4575 1042 1242 4 1442 4748 2 470 uiros dob og 4i m Ua 5 142 Wa 1220 tz 5 SEL 575 amp CUL a 1500 1400 aibit 02 acu 442 1642 5042 a Eggi HE 4500 A676 4076 4542 4542 5042 2242 5542 a di 0 ms n 42 ms ms Real delay
30. ottom initiation Firing pattern UNIDET 5 Zig Zag connection Firing pattern UNIDET 6 Deck charging to control ground vibrations Firing pattern UNIDET 7 Smooth blasting Firing pattern UNIDET 8 Presplitting Firing pattern UNIDET 9 Trench blasting Firing pattern UNIDET 10 Trench blasting 30 Nonel SnapDet NONEL LP Bunch connector Initiation with detonating cord Initiation Firing pattern LP 1 Firing pattern LP 2 Firing pattern LP 3a Firing pattern LP 3b Firing pattern LP 3c Initiation using DynoLine with DynoStart Initiation using DynoLine with HN 1 45 Initiation using electric detonator Remote controlled initation of underground rounds DynoRem Mine NONEL Special products Destruction of detonators Misfire procedure Data sheet the NONEL system CE certificate 1 NONEL INITIATION User s manual When the NONEL system was introduced into the market 1973 by Dyno Nobel then Nitro Nobel the rock blasters got an initiation system that could replace the electric initiation system with its risks for unintentional initiation due to thunder storms leak currents vagabonding currents induction etc The NONEL system is a shock tube system where the electric wires have been replaced by a plastic tube in which the inside walls are covered with a reactive material which can carry a shock wave through the tube with a velocity of 2 100 m sec The shock wave emits at the end of the tube a flash which 1s strong enough to initiate a detonator
31. rtance that the surface connector is not subjected to impact or squeezing during the charging operation Such risk may be movement of equiment on the bench 25 ms 253 ITS 29 m pn ar M p I Final deley 500 me 550 575 Principle of connection for NONEL SnapDet Standard range of products NONEL SnapDet SnapDet 17 500 17 Yellow 500 apDet 42 500 42 White 500 Snapbet67 500 87 00050000 Sn SnapDet 109 500 109 Black 500 SnapDet 285 500 285 Brown 500 The in hole detonator may also be furnished with 400 425 450 or 475 ms delay 32 33 NONEL LP has been developed for drift and tunnel blasting where there 1s a need for longer delay times to give the rock time enough to allow for breakage of the rock and for it to be thrown out from the front Most of the tunnels are nowadays blasted with a parallel hole cut with one or more large holes The blasted rock from the holes close to the large hole s must be given time to break and move out of the large hole s before next hole detonates The rock mass moves towards the front with a velocity of 40 to 60 m sec With a hole depth of 4 m it takes between 60 and 100 ms before the broken rock has left the large hole s A delay time of 100 ms between the period numbers is thus necessary to avoid freezing of the cut area with the consequent bad blasting result j E x TIMES oua IS HeT lech aE
32. ry explosive that initiates the explosive The total charge weight of explosive in the detonator is approx 1 g On top of the I element lies a delay element that delays the detonation a predetermined time after that it has been initiated by the flash from the NONEL tube The delay times vary in different steps between 25 ms 0 025 sec and 6000 ms 6 sec The detonator is sealed by a rubber sealing plug which makes the detonator water restistant The delay time in a NONEL detonator is the sum of the delays in the delay element and the I element plus the inherent de lay in the NONEL tube which is 0 5 ms per meter tube The velocity of the shock wave in the tube is 2 100 m sec The nominal delay time is set with 6 m tube for blasthole detona tors and 4 8 m for surface connectors During the last 50 years research has been concentrated on better precision in timing of the detonator Nevertheless there 1s an un avoidable scatter in timing between different detonators with the same nominal time The scatter depends on small differences in raw material packing density of the pyrotechnical composition and temperature along with the age of the detonator With the short delay times the MS series 0 025 sec the mar gins are small to avoid overlapping Overlapping is obtained if a detonator with higher period number detonates before one with lower period number According to the Swedish Standard SS 499 07 07 the scatter in a delay deton
33. sed 101 ms delay between the rows and 59 ms between the holes in the rows Except hole land 2 in the first row Risk of overlapping No risk of overlapping 27 Firing pattern UNIDET 7 Smooth P oe dd P 2 24 f lt P a Eo P 244 EP 2 5 27 AT i E i7 Wil SOR OS H7 ua A A Smooth blasting with NONEL UNIDET The smoothblasting row is connected in such way that it fires last Risk of overlapping 0m difference in active tube length Number of holes that may be connected without exceeding the demands in the Swedish Standard 5m diffeerence in active tubelength Number of holes that may be connected without exceeding the demands in the Swedish Standard Symmetric connection is assumed for the above values that is con nection starts in the middle and outwards in both directions 28 Firing pattern UNIDET 8 Presplitting 29 Presplitting with NONEL UNIDET The best result is obtained if detonating cord 5 0 g m is used to initiate the presplitting row Be aware that the detonating cord can give an enhanced air over pressure reading The detonating cord must be at least 20 cm away from the NONEL tubes to avoid cut offs Note A Snapline 0 is needed to initiate the presplitting row Risk of overlapping No limitations in round however the presplit row will be initiated first Fir
34. times for connection according to firing pattern LP 3b 4 Initiation using DynoLine with a DynoStart nhe H 1 wg Ls 1 L e o Sere ws u e 2 Lond Rus emet 3 hee ETT PR Tu i E BELTS Am 2 1 21 PUE x The simplest and safest way of initiating NONEL rounds 1s by using a DynoLine DynoLine is NO NEL tube on a bobbin of 750 or 1500 meter length that can be cut and connected to connector 4 that 1s used to initiate the round Cut off the ultra sonic seal at the end of the Eclip tube with a knife or the with the built in cutting device on the DynoStart 42 43 AX NONEL BLASTING MACHINE TAMDAPPARAT Then the tube is connected to DynoLine by means of an approx 4 cm long outer tube that 1s cut from the transparent tube delivered with the DynoLine bobbin The NONEL tube is pushed at least 1 cm into the outer tube Then the DynoLine is extended to the chosen firing point When the round is ready to be blasted con nect the DynoLine to the blasting machine DynoStart by inserting the tube into the chuck as far as possible DynoLine is affected by humidity and the end of DynoLine must be sealed after each use During connection under damp conditions care should be taken to avoid moisture entering the tube The DynoStart blasting machine is CE certi fied in
35. urface _NONEL MS NONEL is conventionally designed with 25 ms delay between the period numbers The firing sequence is built up through the unique delay time that each period number has The initiation of the round takes place on the surface with connection blocks with momentary initiation Eclip 0 The system has 18 periods num bered from 3 to 20 The system starts with No 3 with 75 ms delay to allow all surface connectors to be activated before any explosive detonates causing a potentional cut off The NONEL tube has an inherent delay of 0 5 m sec as the shock wave velocity is 2 100 m sec that may cause problem in bigger rounds with long surface ac tivation trunk line With a 75 ms delay of the first period it is pos sible to have 150 m of tube in the connection units on the surface without risking parts of the round being cut off due to flyrock The NONEL tube to a detonator with lower nominal period num ber must not be more than 8 m longer than the tube of a detonator with the next higher period number NONEL MS is mostly used in bench blasting above and under ground in underwater blasting and sublevel stoping 12 Firing pattern for bench blasting jt In this case each amp clip initiates 6 blasthole detonators and one con nection block For shortest possible delay of the surface initiation the initiation is made from a trunk line 13 Initiation with detonating cord Rounds with NONEL MS can be i
36. uu ERE E S oos ad Lu 2 E E iov Do t of 1 Internal burden ANNE 5 a E E MESE FEL By changing the firing pattern instead of the drilling pattern the same wide space effect is accomplished This is easy with NONEL UNIDET and its combination of connection units with different delay times 21 Firing pattern UNIDET 1 Plowformed initiation Firing pattern with 42 ms delay between the rows and 17 ms between the holes in the rows Plowformed initiation gives good wide space blasting effect Risk of overlapping Eclip 17 should not be used between rows Then the risk of over lapping is greater than that stated in Swedish Standard In all other combinations where the delay time between holes in the rows is shorter than the delay times between the rows the overlapping risk does not exceed the demands stated in Swedish Standard 22 Firing pattern UNIDET 2 Large burden and large diameter holes f 378 f f 344 f c cl S nn Pts 2 f ue 25 157 lt p p PU sp sp oup f po Eas 52 17 iP a uu ag Firing pattern with 109 ms delay time between the rows and 17 ms between holes in the row Suitable for rounds with relatively large diameter holes and thus large burdens The holes are connected directly to the hole in the row in front Risk of overlapping Eclip 17 s
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