Development of a Fully Automated Software System for Rapid Analysis
Contents
1. DEM ux cm m um sam m m om som oom em em om uu Em mm uu jum Eum E mum nm umm mms Eus pum umm o A lt M gt AC 9 lt gt Figure 13 Sample Excel sheet output statistics of pavement analysis The plot button will be enabled after the backcalculation analysis is complete The plot option window appears after clicking on the plot button see Figure 14 With this window the user can select the models to display on charts Selected models will be plotted in the form of backcalculated parameter versus FWD test location Provided that the data is from a specified section the first data will be represented as the starting point and each subsequent data 1s assumed to correspond to FWD test locations along the path of the pavement system Filtered data from the preprocessor will be displayed in red whereas all others will be in blue The upper right corner will display a textbox containing general information about the project Figure 15 and Figure 16 illustrate color coded conventional and the full depth flexible pavement analysis results respectively from 4 deflection ANN model with 0 noise 13 Plots Option Skip 5 21 kip m ai a LI L M m MI m m MI m2. Dr Ceylan Iowa State University email Alper Guclu Iowa State University email alper M Birkan Bayrak Iowa State University email birkan gt MAIN KIENU ANN FD ANN 9 ANN CFP ANN 9 RGD ANN 4 COMP ANN gt Figure 3 Screenshot of main menu on choosing ANN info show option 4 Deflections Eac 4 Deflectioaz Eri 6 Deflections Eac 6 Deflectioaz Eri T Deflections Eac 1 Deflectioaz Eri xS lt lt lt parces mare mas wasser cann Lese see mau mese moan e el ose ers Cen doz 1 2 77461 13 28091 2 411091 1 432421 4 71E 01 2 572709 5 593057 5 178228 18 29745 37 9673 59 51206 41 92102 5 32956 7 543364 9 458497 67 01115 7 534987 14 01233 24 2418 57 69955 41 31042 57 50967 70 7629 3 51136 33 0 2 4 43223 6 959423 7 01024 1 4946 42 5 97E 01 3 85E 01 2 82462 2 960426 13 16233 11 95351 6 1306 2 40E 01 1 881797 2 503599 3 334098 17 32243 12 26729 15 34723 15 76547 73 050126 14 6777 11 94524 11 00393 18 07071 1 67471 3 1 89E 01 5 924706 5 720467 4 537799 1 164788 4 33 01 1 375498 3 347936 2 194349 6 253334 2 76175 9 041651 2 69 01
3. 16 Figure 17 Output statistics summary sheet for flexible pavement a conventional Qo En um ES 17 Figure 15 Rigid pavement analysis Wen 18 Figure 19 Screen shot of Equations SDeet baie anne aO Ia E 19 Figure 20 Screen shot of inputs in rigid pavement analysis menu a hide normalization Ga normali Za ON eise I M M en ate 20 Figure 21 Sample Excel sheet of rigid pavement analysis 5 21 Figure 22 Sample Excel sheet rigid pavement analysis Charts 22 Figure 23 Output statistics summary sheet for rigid pavement analysis 23 Figure 24 Composite pavement analysis menu 0 000000000000000050002000000 00 000000 24 Figure 25 Sample Excel sheet outputs of composite pavement 1 1 25 Figure 26 Sample Excel sheet charts of composite pavement analysis 26 Figure 27 Output statistics summary sheet for composite pavement 15 27 vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the Iowa Department of Transportation DOT for sponsoring this research The project technical advisory committee TAC members from the Iowa DOT including Mr Fereidoon Ben Behnami Mr Chris B Brakke Mr Todd D Hanson Mr Kevin B Jones and Mr Jason S Omundson are g
4. 270 en 264 220 182 000 su ao aeo 2m om oa zm zm ze 28 zm zm oo ox em om ase ser aoe 2 ses wm ox em w om sie s wre om om LE om Peer 2 ze ae we ose ow oa 0 oa ew ox om om em 261 286 ze 206 222 pum ew oo om m o om Eus se ar em 2 z ee wa wa wm o om ow EN Fs sss ss ser ser sus om _ ase ar see we ox _ ss se om 22 25 ee ox EICH sms ox m ow _ Fem se 290 ve ow om 08 180 ex om 08 ser sw 206 ox oa aon are aes m ea m 0 ea _ 4 30 4 20 4 05 3 87 3 66 3 29 286 2 39 14 78 10 24 10 20 4 Rigid Pavement Analysis a
5. _ 15 1 gt Lr 1 E 1 2 1 Pa ar 2 Fay EA 2555 5 2 7 E h Effective thickness for unbonded layers as 111 h Effective thickness for partially bonded PCC layers as EU x _ _ 4 7 mu h a Effective thickness OF the Fully bonded layers h Effective thickness of the unbonded PCC layers h Effective thickness of the partially bonded layers E or Elastic modulus Far layer 1 2 ha hz Thickness layer 1 2 Mus Neutral axis distance from top of layer H degree of bonding which ranges between and 1 of subgrade reaction and Epec equations in terms of radius of relative stiffness P 1 amp 5 _ BE 2B nc nm 1 TT Equations Figure 19 Screen shot of Equations sheet 19 INPUTS Effective Base H DIFWD PCC Thickness Degree of Estimated HWD FWD Deflections mils Thickness Thickness Load kips i Bonding Moduli Ratio calculated inch inch Location 7 6 2 8 2 118 2 24 D 36 2 48 D 66 EE ess 242 22 207 o 225 2 306 27 aso 2m 120 234 226 200 194 nes 2 79 2 71 261 250 237 214 188 177 Total Data S
6. Project roject Name Project Location Project Location Date and Time Date and Time Temperature Comments Figure 6 General information window At the next step the user 1s expected to enter the FWD deflection data and other required inputs These include pavement layer information layer thicknesses and FWD load for variable FWD load analysis Depending on the pavement type the number of layers can be changed The input requirements for conducting conventional flexible pavement analyses include FWD deflection data asphalt concrete thickness granular base thickness and FWD load The input requirements for conducting full depth asphalt pavement analyses are same as those for conventional flexible pavement analyses except that granular base thickness 15 not required If any of the required parameter is missing the program will display an error message which reads Data in the results section The default units used in the program are US customary units FWD deflection data Do till Deo should be entered in mils 10 inches layer thickness in inches and FWD load should be in kips The program will not run correctly if the inputs are entered in different units or if they are out of range The user is requested to refer to the report for the appropriate ranges of these parameters Reported results are pavement layer modulus values strains and stresses Modulus and stress values are reported in psi and strains are re
7. Effective H DIF YD at PCC Thickness HWD F VD Deflections mils 9 kip Normalization Thickness 5 Thickness Load kips inch calculated inch inch boar Location 6 8 B 42 27 18 2 24 2 48 2 66 229 en ef er oon aw soe 294 278 250 2m 100 Fem a2 220 22 200 188 we Fere em 2 er ve n94 24s 2 20 zf an 29 279 274 2m ze 102 oon sa T2 Free sn so 2n s 200 zer nee Few sar ase aao zer ese soe aro se Fer so sns as zer 2 Far ons 201 e e we ose 2 Fuse sar om 261 20 _ 287 ze 2 Fear oer se es oso zoe ese wo e Fes ser soo sor zm zo ew an Fs sss 70 ser ser e zoe 2 2 206 296 zm 2 zm we 170 _ 206 22 2m zo Fas s sor ese aro 2 22 2 ve 179 per s s n n ww v 168 us vr e 1 El 18 ai EIEEE 19 194 187 200 195 188 228 223 210 204 157 188 161 212
8. 207 199 EJ 271 266 257 EJ 264 261 252 EE 249 241 22 270 262 EIE EE EI 23 2 30 232 2 29 wo 1 EJ E 3 221 2 EJ EJ E EJ 222 E Fes re se ose see zm eme 219 28 201 em o 0 ase se ar ans ase aze ew en e em er oee m 4 aeo se sm sm am ae aar wr wafer was om 2 62 256 247 236 223 200 174 146 9 00 b Figure 20 Screen shot of inputs in rigid pavement analysis menu a hide normalization b show normalization 20 similar to flexible pavement analysis the program can analyze model by model by clicking the Run button after preprocessing the data The ANN models employed for rigid pavement analysis 4 6 7 and 8 deflection models with 0 2 5 and 10 noise Each model has a different number of input parameters depending on the number of deflections The purpose of introducing noisy patterns in the development of each model was to provide more robust networks that can tolerate the noisy or inaccurate deflection patterns collected from the FWD deflection basins Detailed descriptions of each model are provided in phase I project report Ceylan et al 2007 For each model the analysis results will be displayed on the right side of the screen The user should scroll right to see all res
9. Deviator Stress Prediction Project Project Project Location Project Location Temp Temperature Comments Comments i 5 8 gt Location 15 Figure 15 Sample Excel plots for conventional pavement analysis results 4 Deflection AC Modulus Prediction 4 Deflection Subgrade Modulus Prediction c 95 99 H 99 16 4 Project Name Project Name 6 ee s Project Location Project Location 9 E 44 4 Temp Temperature PE 9 99 999 Comments Comments 5 999 12 4 29 40 4 4 9 299 5 s 2 8 4 6 21 Project Project i Project Location Project Location 44 14 Temp Temperature lt lt 2 9 imer mmen H amp 2 2 99 a 0 T T T T T T T T 0 4 T o 4 T T 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Location Location 4 Deflection Strain at the bottom of the AC Layer Prediction 4 Deflection Strain at the top of the SG Layer Prediction 1 000 4 000 Project Project Project Name Project 900 Project Location Project Location 3 500 Project Location Project Location 800 Temp Temperature Temp Temperature Comments Comments Comments Comments 3 000 700 E 2 500 600 5 i E 500 2000 lt I 400 1 500 4 300 1 000 200 00 500 0 0 0
10. IE 227 JA CPDR 6 6 10 I ORE CPDR 6 6 10 Az AL ESOR A CPDR 7 0 S08 NES SAU rSf Suv CPDR 0 4874263 845 CPDR 7 2 I FARES 1794437 54 CPDR 7 2 LER 624 481 45 CPDR ij 5 488 EGS GIR IST n CPDR if 5 4435 TES CPDR 10 427 SRI 44 74 7 10 LS SES 562 PER 8 8 0 4 IRSE L REEL BRE CPDR 8 8 0 HR IT FREIE ex 8 8 2 4 77 AS dS 8 8 2 48884520 PAGOS A 8 8 5 NAN ZA 2895699 74 CPDR S 8 5 KERR ELE S08 599 ZR 8 8 10 4 212 TOE ZEE 8 8 10 Datailr Datailr Predictinn Average prifin Std Dow prilin Deflectias Haire Deflectias Statirtier R CPDR 4 4 2 CPDR 6 6 CPDR 4 4 5 Re 2455 CPDR 7 T CPDR 4 4 10 LES CPDR 8 8 CPDR 6 6 0 a CPDR 4 4 Su CPDR 6 2 38 17 Ber CPDR 6 Sn CPDR 6 5 rc 4 a CPDR 7 7 CPDR 6 10 CPDR 8 8 RR 7 7 0 IRE CPDR 7 2 See CPDR 7 7 5 CPDR 7 10 gut CPDR 8 8 0 Su 8 8 2 RU CPDR 8 8 5 P CPDR 8 8 10 Mate kr predictions aro limited ranger betucen 50 and 1 999 prifin Strain AC predictions aro limited ranger betucen 5 and 300 micrurtrain Mate PCC Strass predictions limited ranger botusen 10 and 320 pri Figure 27 Output statistics summary sheet for composite pavement analysis SUMMARY In summary the followin
11. Screen shot of FWD data extraction through open FWD data file button a choosing raw FWD file b FWD data extracted FWD Deflections mils Aaphalt Concrete Granular FWD Load Thickness finch Thickness inch Location ZEN E 3 _________ I 14 25 Azphalt Concrete Granular Thickness inch Thickness inch oad Location b Figure 8 Extracted FWD data a variable FWD load analysis b 9 kip constant FWD load analysis Once the FWD deflection data 1s entered the user has the option to check the data for anomalies using the data preprocessing unit Filter command button for filtering the data It 15 optional to use the filtering window Figure 9 shows the available options for filtering The two options are Range Check Deflection basin should form a bowl shape and therefore deflections should be in decreasing order Data that falls outside this range are red colored Model Check ANN models are normalized according to the model ranges and therefore any input outside the range used in ANN training will form a poor quality input As a result the model check will determine the outliers and color them in red The filtering 15 applied by changing the color of the input parameter to red see Figure 10 The analysis results from filtered data are also shown with red color in charts see Figure 11 Therefore results fo
12. pavement layer moduli backcalculation techniques used so far have been cumbersome and time consuming Thus there was a need for more efficient and faster methods During the first phase of the Iowa DOT Project CTRE Project 04 177 Nondestructive Evaluation of Iowa Pavements Phase advanced yet easy to use backcalculation models were developed using the ANN methodology Ceylan et al 2007 ANNs are very adaptable and support the real time applications of the developed models These ANN models are capable of predicting pavement layer stiffnesses as well as pavement critical responses forward modeling from FWD test results For the three pavement types over 300 models in total were developed for varying input parameters The primary pavement types considered were flexible conventional and full depth rigid and composite Predicted flexible pavement parameters were EAc modulus of hot mix asphalt or asphalt concrete AC Ky base modulus parameter Eg subgrade resilient modulus Ac tensile strain at the bottom of asphalt layer sg compressive strain at the top of subgrade and op subgrade deviator stress For rigid pavements Epcc modulus of portland cement concrete PCC k coefficient of subgrade reaction opcc tensile stress at the bottom of the PCC layer and radius of relative s ffness RRS were predicted In the case of composite pavements CPs where an AC surface 1s overlaid on top of an existing PCC pavem
13. 21 01 9 54 02 10 06267 5 02604 10 44 51 12 270 5 7 272156 3 322224 4 933233 4 923642 3 904069 1 46196 4 2 043471 2 534976 2 691547 6 001224 1 461329 21 416267 2 62304 3 33502 5 0274 1533176 1 455451 6 129465 2 33 01 2 33 01 11 022025 16 11059 2 293157 7 697057 10 70434 4 170477 5 2 E 01 1 901904 1 74026 9 01 01 1 52231 5 3 743667 17 72924 12 47545 14 64121 71 192256 1232663 2 006422 6 759073 422937 5 642359 4 90017 3 076124 1 34 01 amp 52E 02 76E 01 13 46209 1 225832 73 611212 77 132196 12 23573 4 761503 1 30002 1 40592 7 550923 14 0171 amp 3 44E 01 2 4 1275 4 93E 01 6 823117 3 77E 01 29E 01 9 18E 01 1 791149 530035 13 0704 12 94946 12 37503 amp 2 E 01 4 2bE 01 5 35E 01 6 356917 3 723042 5 20E 01 3 35 644 3 730799 422942 4 352664 3 935311 7 763726 6 56E 1 7 1 025018 5 91 01 3 966732 4 745 5 60E 01 1 404335 4 171534 5 36325 5 871251 19 03399 22 09 47 22106 2 2 259116 2 062263 9 20 01 73 451495 8 174349 11 25103 9 3981 5 907231 1 60723 11 12402 10 39305 714 4245 1 11275 6 050033 6 033537 13 13335 15 37191 20 326839 41 19623 54 0095 4 63 35024 2 31E 02 T 63E 01 2 43 01 4 73656 4 536562 5 501393 1 569519 1 206212 10 66439 32 27297 51 4977 52 9135 14 42547 30 21663 38 7352 35 3134 1 50301 9 8 928527 13 74656 12 44634 1727221 4 24 01 5 d1E 01 2 022794 3 60 02 6 29E 01 9 32E 01 2 68E 01 89E 01 4 032011 4 671668 6 542753 1
14. 733587 4 992161 2 794048 5 317223 5 383279 1 12031 16 26 5431 3 10135 4419332 43 11302 3 16183 1 27E 01 9 44 01 10 374 4 12 4 303 20 90572 26 18337 2 20707 7 10 55 16 20125 20 21357 20 24691 2 52490 1 237443 2 578 5 027002 5 447213 2 537064 5 465633 5 22699 2 31913 17 3 324231 12 203 17 7731 23 77547 4 936142 4 9 01 6 235595 13 043583 52E 01 1 193922 1 562791 2 531636 4 92 02 5 15 02 5 1E 02 2 29 01 1 143712 1 542746 1 71529 4 725946 2 192544 1 72393 1 167511 6 912729 1 7715 1 19 443299 10 4 552 7 954274 6 656269 10 475953 11 16547 19 0294 21 61017 3 65 01 4 59E 01 9 96E 01 9 76E 01 1 5 01 1 06E 01 2 67E 01 4 15E 01 1 295664 5 31134 6 365438 2 992337 5 825368 9 364539 15 388267 31 20736 1 31093 19 18 73696 36 60021 46 22969 49 05691 14 303494 33 0799 37 66 42 31643 11 383206 215017 30 52071 51 91577 59 3 32 4 9045 105 9561 127 9691 1 40307 6 274596 5 5390 3 5 29E 01 4 93E 02 3 38E 01 1 52 01 5 40 01 15673 20 amp T2E 03 5 60E 01 2 011603 7 02 01 7 43 01 1 073318 1 501535 1 406413 10 30449 15 51517 12 46621 22 47329 26 63808 26 4942 30 0552 32 29676 66E 02 2 54 01 1125449 4 20E 01 2 661388 1 271067 1 640459 5 69 01 1 0966 21 2 37E 01 5 73 01 45E 01 7 70E 01 6 51E 01 1 166836 44E 01 1 010933 4 343124 241415 11 2726 20 43355 4 752435 12 10792 15 45438 17 29005 4 797235 3 23009 14 2757 12 11274 8 172336 9 360945 10 5453 8 262835 7 07 0 22 7 320215 12
15. Deflection Strain at the bottom of the AC Layer Prediction 12 300 Project Name Project Name Project Location Project Location Project Name Project Project Location Project Location Temp Temperature 250 Temp Temperature Comments Comments Hundreds Comments Comments 8 200 E gt 6 150 o lt 4 Uu 9 7 Q 9 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Location Location 4 Deflection Stress at the Bottom of the PCC Layer Prediction 500 H H Project Name Project 450 Project Location Project Location 400 Temp Temperature Comments Comments 350 5 300 o 9 250 E 5 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Location Figure 26 Sample Excel sheet charts of composite pavement analysis 26 Detailr Stat rticr Datailr Predictions Average pri Std pri Deflectias Haire Predictions Average pri Std pri Deflectias Hair Stat rticr 465 0 EPL ERE 444 SIF 45 CPDR 4 4 Erce KEIL 2085259 UD CPDR 4 4 2 LERN IER BERLE ASA CPDR 4 4 5 4 0 TE 4755435 RR CPDR 4 4 5 ILE ALE 29808 Au CPDR 4 4 10 4854 SES LRL 77 CPDR 4 4 10 UU SESS 52 CPDR 6 6 0 4 MS SUR tes CPDR 6 6 0 44038 SOLO RE CPDR 6 6 2 4552294 SEA S T IN CPDR 6 6 2 RAGE REF BRR 579 FR CPDR 6 6 5 4554 526 SR 0542 Du CPDR 6 6 5 k SIS
16. To retain the results they should be copied into another spreadsheet The ANN information buttons in Figure 2 provide the user general information about the ANN models employed Six Excel Spreadsheets as shown in Figure 3 appear upon clicking ANN info show button Each of Excel sheets as shown in Figure 4 contain the ANN model information such as the ranges of the data used in the development of ANN models These Excel sheets can be hid again by clicking on ANN info hide start Clic to pavement type that you want to analyze IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY 288 7547 ae of Transportation Disclaimer This tool is for demonstration purposes only Copyright Dr Ceylan Iowa State University email iastate edu Alper Guchi Iowa State University email alper iastate edu M Birkan Bayrak Iowa State University email birkan iastate edu 4 gt gt MENU Figure 1 FWD analysis program main menu Lusclamer This toolis for demonstraton purposes only Dr Ceylan Iowa State University email lee yan Giastate edu Alper Guchi Iowa State University email alper Ziastate edu M Bikan Bayrak Iowa State University email birkan iastate edu Figure 2 ANN Information button in main menu start Clic to pavement type that you want to analyze STATE UNIVERSITY Disclaimer This tool is for demonstration purposes only
17. normalized FWD data can be shown or hid in rigid pavement analysis menu by clicking show normalization or hide normalization Preprocessing the data for rigid pavement analysis such as obtaining and filtering the FWD data is same as that for flexible pavement analysis INPUTS Base D Estimated 2628 ON _______ D Load DL Thickness Thickaess __ 2 a e Coefficent of Subgrade Reaction ps Ratio Location Fotal Data Se 3 P 2 HE 2 a 5 amp gt gt 2 2 ele s s s H 3 212 381818 5 3212121813 x m w x Outputs o m m m N N a m 2 22 2 a 552552 co RY er br p E SC REO Ere RS eS E Da So EJEIE en wm 357 a es us ue vor wo em ne EY uo 17 E 7 zes 22 en en m m 227 e 222 en 03 27002 sr we we ux 10 20 gt 35 274 25 gt dd 155 t gt M Rigid Pavement Analysis Figure 18 Rigid pavement analysis menu 18 Effective thickness Far Fully bonded layers az ABD
18. 0 e 99 29 E 9 060959900 00 0 eoe 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Location Hundreds k psiin 45 45 500 450 400 350 300 250 Stress PCC psi 200 150 100 50 4 Deflection Coefficient of Subgrade Reaction Prediction Project Name Project Name Project Location Project Location Temp Temperature Comments Comments 9 e 90 0 9999 9 290 009400 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Location 4 Deflection Stress at the Bottom of the PCC Layer Prediction Project Name Project Name Project Location Project Location Temp Ternperature Comments Comments 9 99999999999994099999999999999 95 000 99 9 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Location Figure 22 Sample Excel sheet rigid pavement analysis charts 22 45 ZEakurktacr Detail Predictions Average grifin Std Dar prifim Bedell Daflactumm Prediction Averages pri 554 Dar pri Findal Deflection Hours E AX BU SE d E RGD 4 k RiGD 4 e 4 2 RGb 4 5 LE ER SET UT UE RGD 4 4 5 NE tat DU FAGO 4 4 10 0 AA AS nn ER FAT FAGO 6 B 0 2 Sanz AU FiGD 6 2 5 et eae ADI AUT du Fii3D 5 5 UY PI EA RHGD 5 1 ads SAN Y AUTE B 10 iz AX SOT P UE FGO E 2
19. 002431 10 32442 10 51421 16 3396 30 91463 47 01164 68 60352 3 76446 102 1253 17 19446 26 69009 46 32088 64 6799 2 551429 2 111313 2 306296 4 821702 6 48E C 29 10 30627 22 32575 18 56469 31 56446 6 461207 44539 2 907743 10 6596 29 90455 51 73292 52 13749 50 55132 19 90679 18 45087 19 63561 21 14192 7 22 01 1 285326 1555602 1 860391 3 329055 4 324935 4 07 6216 04E 02 5 53E 1 30 16 65079 24 55973 41 21991 54 2002 1 52E 01 4 67342 4 6di 1d 5 62517 11 77301 22 89903 33 0423 730 4996 2 940319 8 588046 9 590797 9 18517 lt 09 01 5 71E 01 3 23E 01 1 091868 3 422367 4 201245 5 627902 6 272196 ETE p ru ol lul sl a de 4 MAIN MENU ANN Z FD ANN 9 ANN ANN 9 RGD ANN COMP ANN 1 Figure 4 Sample Excel sheet showing ANN model information Flexible Pavement Analysis Plotting and Summary Menus Pavement analysis menu consists of three main sections inputs analysis tool and outputs The user can provide the software with the information required for analysis in the inputs section of the pavement analysis menu The analysis tool allows the user to process the data and analyze with several functions The results of analysis are provided in the outputs section of the pavement analysis menu Typical layouts of the conventional and full depth flexible pavement analysis menus are shown in Figure 5 Asphalt Concrete Granular Base 4 Def
20. 03 933 CIN rss MCN 1589074 0 1 866 006 1 118 251 6 1 477 969 mmo 1470 533 877 848 8 1054565 men omm mes 1 130 058 Composite Pavement Analysis 188 gt Figure 24 Composite pavement analysis menu 24 4 Deflections psi D12 D24 D36 Epcc 4 Deflections psi D0 D12 D24 D36 ks 4 Deflections psilin D0 D12 D24 D36 Location 4 KCN RN mm mm 1121740 797 003 MTM NN NN Composite Pavement Analysis Figure 25 Sample Excel sheet outputs of composite pavement analysis 7 592 611 6 556 046 4 863 362 3 955 277 4 833 233 7 013 353 5 101 384 6 703 043 7 366 460 4 488 521 5 548 079 7 812 279 25 5 734 030 5 377 420 3 077 044 3 873 046 5 148 606 4 743 724 3 277 411 3 376 836 2 358 640 8 Millions Eac psi ks psi in 4 Deflection AC Modulus Prediction 4 Deflection PCC Modulus Prediction Project Name Project Name 5 44 Project Name Project Name Project Location Project Location Project Location Project Location Temp Temperature 12 Temp Temperature Comments Comments Comments Comments 10 5 8 8 ui 6 4 2 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Location Location 4 Deflection Coefficient of Subgrade Reaction Prediction 4
21. 066743 1 66E 01 5 02E 01 1 183735 1 312829 2 2 01 1 36 01 3 39E 01 1 422071 1 06023 10 1 216906 7 094249 4 533752 5 396366 1 562344 3 43 02 3 93 01 5 950436 1 31E 02 1 835925 3 523349 6 962922 21 9766 33 33243 41 34607 46 96591 2 37E 03 1 24E 02 1 011392 07E 01 3 94E 01 4 67E 01 3 33E 01 2 35E 02 58E 1 11 2 026302 1 581323 5 69E 01 4 978462 4 226403 5 370002 5 733371 3 989232 19 23034 25 7005 29 23591 32 15662 204451 4 49056 5 769924 6 1492 2 5 593622 13 23564 17 33043 27 932725 24 7955 60 0162 78 09402 97 96035 2 71179 12 4 561345 14 25096 7 229299 7 126364 7 09573 17 704649 25 92025 36 25913 5 393774 9 74725 12 08262 12 64159 1 69 01 2 753676 2 759889 1 343992 9 83 01 2 047306 3 98E 01 2 437412 4 231635 9 216696 6 546082 1 018913 7 70415 13 1621112 2 298319 1 47 01 2 323164 1 124722 5 79 01 amp T6E 01 7 20 01 5 86E 01 2 220244 5 061304 4 675571 24199242 1 759921 1 867533 1 99E 01 4 12E 01 1 65E 01 6 91E 02 1 14957 1 708743 3 21509 4 373159 6 74 01 72 6467 14 2 39E 01 6 52 01 1 231963 1 254962 2 62 03 6 59E 01 6 9E 01 1 057346 4 33307 5 025734 4 523992 4 56075 5 129293 2 354449 3 048394 3 494602 1 175151 2 40E 01 12E 02 5 02E 01 3 575027 3 087012 3 016633 22 01 1 50E 0 15 2 306253 3 708612 11 112242 17 602292 49 59423 4 82952 119 6406 133 9913 8 240704 13 04608 15 5423 16 25725 6 378145 4202 9 577435 9 52915 1 965275 1 149449 2 178697 3
22. 3346 29 02235 50 3134 42 344934 74 00146 92 44573 121 7198 3 762653 6 41817 10 65562 16 27156 7 663309 66 01 2 492939 2 590452 17 47271 24 1217 2676742 29 1591 1 76 01 6 68E 01 70E 01 1 140468 2 52 23 33 711471 62 385413 74 280301 6 46339 714 14621 16 37321 30 89665 23 44174 5 33 01 2 405501 4 011367 3 917192 15 11695 13 02452 13 21456 15 53441 129993 14 14476 16 69778 25 5438 6 22 01 3 03E 01 3 9E 01 2 7E 01 3 7963 24 4 696729 15 22615 25 824 30 10336 3 303328 1 90E 01 6 677369 11 7712 3 45296 4 937155 6 67302 7 004 44 19 34243 27 23729 32 00974 37 19233 4 394063 9 71414 12 385524 18 5047 T 45E 01 5 92 01 5 34 01 1 90 02 2 37564 25 9 9932 4 16 54525 15 11309 17 46452 13 52224 16 26623 26 51012 22 05235 674547 15 17652 210 269 32 76606 20 05604 41 563234 57 11008 5 04734 4 29E 01 4 524608 3 087114 9 042671 2 72 01 3 02E 01 1 27E 01 2 083455 1 02054 26 23 878 53 70477 69 4724 72 32594 19 223239 38 938975 46 308329 53 54554 2 51E 01 45E 01 1 262733 1 350102 3 73E 02 1 04E 01 amp 00E 02 1 50E 01 1 820786 7 55 01 2 060972 4 131472 3 00 01 3 91E 01 5 67E 01 2 67386 1 79133 27 1 92 01 43E 01 7 04 01 1 59 01 2 97E 01 7 54 01 1 311848 1 160561 45 01 6 31E 01 1 094635 1 477744 1 54E 01 1 68E 01 3 52E 01 5 13E 01 22531 10 79201 11 0019 10 2201 21467657 9 69E 01 9 66E 01 4 65E 01 34E C 2 74 61E 01 7 19E 01 5 5 E 01 3 86E 01 2 56E 01 2 51 01 5 76E 01 1
23. 5 Eac 5339434 1 059 944 20 9 4 4 2 1582 CFP9 4 4 5508208 435 888 5 9 4 4 5 3 233 1538 48 CFP9 4 4 el 2 000 558 528246 1196 CFP9 4 4 10 4 835 1561 32 CFP9 4 4 10 6264 639 633 722 10 CFP9 6 6 0 1 610 1 187 7396 9 6 6 0 5 936 786 693 872 12 CFP9 6 6 2 1 935 1 053 54 9 6 6 2 5598 138 677394 12 CFP9 6 6 5 2478 1 044 42 9 6 6 5 5200456 598 509 1296 CFP9 6 6 10 2 8540 1 002 35 9 6 6 10 5 239 816 646972 1096 CFP9 7 7 0 1576 1 191 7696 CFP9 7 7 0 5 857 898 674 897 1296 CFP9 7 te 2 993 CFP9 7 7 5495325 529 022 1096 CFP9 7 7 5 1 150 CFP9 7 7 5503588 632 164 1 CFP9 7 7 10 3 122 1 14 3696 CFP9 7 10 6229968 657 000 1196 9 8 8 0 1517 1 174 77 CFP9 3 8 5 898 145 686 003 12 9 8 8 2 1581 1 065 67 CFP9 3 8 2 5549946 729373 1326 9 8 8 5 3 184 1472 46 CFP9 3 8 5 3 5409378 572 266 1196 9 8 8 10 3 107 1 042 34 CFP9 3 8 10 7 Hote predictions are limited to ranges between 100 000 aad 6 000 000 psi Statistics Details Details Prediction Average fpei StdDerfpsi _ CY Mode Meflection Prediction Average CY Model Deflection 9 739 3 653 CFP9 4 4 2 CFP9 6 6 9495 2 14 2996 CFP9 4 4 5 CFP9 7 7 424 1931 23 CFP9 4 4 10 12 3 24 CFP9 8 8 5 789 4 885 54 9 6 6 0 42 20 9 4 4 6920 4 628 67 CFP9 6 6 2 27 19 71 9 6 6 6424 4 015 63 CFP9 6 6 5 e 30 59 CFP9 7 7 6 882 2 695 39 CFP9 6 6 10 28 19 69 CFP9 8 8 6366 4 779 2596 CFP9 7 7 0 0 0 54 C
24. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Location Location 4 Deflection Deviator Stress Prediction Deviator Stress psi 20 Project Name Project Name Project Location Project Location Temp Temperature Comments Comments 25 30 35 40 45 Location Figure 16 Sample Excel plots for full depth asphalt pavement analysis results 9 The Summary button within the pavement analysis Excel spreadsheet is disabled until the Run button is clicked It summarizes the statistical output information for each model It opens up a new Excel sheet with tables of each output and summary statistics for every model see Figure 17 The reported statistical information include e Average or mean value The average value along the section 16 e Standard deviation A common measure of the dispersion It shows how widely the data 1s spread from the mean value e Coefficient of variation CV CV is a measure of the dispersion of probability distribution It is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean It allows the user to compare the CV of populations that have different mean values It is reported as a percentage Statistics Details Statistics Details Prediction Average psi Std Dav pri _ CV Windel Meflection _ Noise Prediction Average psi Std fps _ CV Meflection _Moise 635030
25. D Deflections mil Asphalt Concrete Granular Base FWD Load kip STATE UNIVERSITY 4 Deflections Eac psi Thickness inch Thickness inch D0 D12 D24 D36 Location 1 E ee oe om aso o9 on 2 28 09m ne lowa Department of Transportation onventionae Jw oe ew an ew ew oe we RM __ EEE EEE Microsoft Excel E ss a an z Be lt M gt 9 412 gt b Figure 10 Filtering the FWD data a range check b range and model check 10 7 Deflection AC Modulus Prediction 999292592529 088 Millions Eac psi 2 Project Project Project Location Project Location Temp Temperature Comments Comments 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Location Figure 11 Sample pavement analysis results identifying analysis results from FWD data that falls outside filtering range After preprocessing the data clicking the Run button will activate a neural network based analysis of pavements The program will analyze model by model for the pavement properties The ANN models employed for flexible pavement analysis are 4 6 7 and 8 deflection models with 0 42 5 and 10 noise Each model has a different number of input parameters depending on the number of deflections The purpose of introducing noisy patterns in the development of each model was to provide more robust network
26. E EDU ERES Fx FGO D 2 His 5 AER ay A n Y FAGO D 5 cu TRF A RGD 7 1 ER Sn Py RGD 7 T 10 AX RS AT AAA GU EE RGD 3 8 E 2 EL OE 90 8 8 2 5 ARE DET A RGD 8 8 5 nd ATE FaD s 10 Nass xu FER A RGDO 3 8 10 Prediction Averages in Sed Dev in RGL 6 AGO FaD s RAS predicting limite d ran quor ketusan 15 141 Bete Stress predictions are limited te rangar 28 pri Figure 23 Output statistics summary sheet for rigid pavement analysis Composite Pavement Analysis Plotting and Summary Menus The AC overlaid PCC type composite pavement analysis menu also consists of three main sections inputs analysis tool and outputs as shown in Figure 24 Required input parameters for composite pavement analysis are deflection data pavement layer information layer thicknesses PCC modulus predictions and coefficient of subgrade reaction predictions and FWD load The analysis tool functionalities in composite analysis menu are identical to those in flexible pavement analysis menu This means preprocessing of the data for composite pavement analysis is same as that for flexible pavement analysis Similar to flexible and rigid pavement analysis the program analyzes the data model by model by clicking the Run button after preprocessing the data The ANN models employed for composite paveme
27. FP9 4 4 7 456 4 710 6696 CFP9 7 7 2 0 0 55 CFP9 6 6 6 687 4238 6396 CFP9 7 7 5 0 0 53 CFP9 7 v H 7 084 3348 47 CFP9 7 7 10 0 0 CFP9 8 8 6208 5 001 87 9 8 8 0 8 178 4596 5696 9 8 8 2 6592 4508 68 CFP9 8 8 5 7 207 3 069 47 9 8 8 10 4 9 1 4 gt gt CFP9 Summary 4 4 2 9 Kip 9 Stetirtice Detail Stat rtier Details Deflectian i acta Deflectias Maire 5 IIE PRT ELIE TA CU A T AERE GS JUIN IRE SES LIST LOGE IIT SEL SRF AMZ EAS TIE 525 QUT LEIR IIS SIE TIE 4 S ARE SORE SARS SIT PAE ORE T SIZ ARS SO zunozauanozunozuno O 0 0 7M J C OO OD te Hate Eac predictions limited tm ram qox 199 009 und 6 000 000 mte Em predictimmr are limited ta ranger hbetueem 1 999 und 15 999 pri Predictimm Average FD3 7 FD3 8 6 7 3 4 6 7 8 4 7 3 Strain AC predictimmr are limited te ranger betueem und 1999 micrmrtrain Strain SG pro dictimmr limited ranger batuson and 4000 micrmrtrasn Dewieter Stress predictimar limited ranger betuson and 25 pri 4 gt H NFD9 Summary b Figure 17 Output statistics summary sheet for flexible pavement a conventional b full depth 17 Rigid Pavement Analysis Plotting and Summary Menus Sim
28. Non Destructive Evaluation of lowa Pavements Phase 2 Development of a Fully Automated Software System for Rapid Analysis Processing of the Falling Weight Deflectometer Data Final Report February 2009 IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Sponsored by Iowa Department of Transportation CTRE Project 04 177 Phase 2 Institute for Transportation About CTRE The mission of the Center for Transportation Research and Education CTRE at lowa State University is to develop and implement innovative methods materials and technologies for improving transportation efficiency safety and reliability while improving the learning environment of students faculty and staff in transportation related fields Disclaimer Notice The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein The opinions findings and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the sponsors The sponsors assume no liability for the contents or use of the information contained in this document This report does not constitute a standard specification or regulation The sponsors do not endorse products or manufacturers Trademarks or manufacturers names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document Non Discrimination Statement Iowa State University does not discrimina
29. and analyzes the collected data with the rapid prediction algorithms developed during the phase I study This system smoothly integrates the FWD data analysis algorithms and the computer program being used to collect the pavement deflection data This system can be used to assess pavement condition estimate remaining pavement life and eventually help assess pavement rehabilitation strategies by the Iowa DOT pavement management team This report describes the developed software in detail and can also be used as a user manual for conducting simulation studies and detailed analyses 17 Key Words 18 Distribution Statement FWD NDT pavement No restrictions 19 Security Classification of this 20 Security Classification of this 21 No of Pages 22 Price report page Unclassified Unclassified 38 NA Form DOT F 1700 7 8 72 Reproduction of completed page authorized NON DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF IOWA PAVEMENTS PHASE 2 DEVELOPMENT OF A FULLY AUTOMATED SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR RAPID ANALYSIS PROCESSING OF THE FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER DATA Final Report February 2009 Principal Investigator Halil Ceylan Associate Professor Center for Transportation Research and Education Iowa State University Co Principal Investigator Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan Research Assistant Professor Center for Transportation Research and Education Iowa State University Research Assistant Sunghwan Kim Alper Guclu and M Birkan Bayrak Authors Hali
30. crosoft Visual Basic programming language and Excel macros In case of troubleshooting the user 15 requested to change the macro security Tools gt Macro gt Security to the medium or low level to allow macros to run The Excel spreadsheets provide the user interaction for data editing and pasting displaying results charts and tables and for displaying statistical information The Excel sheets include a main menu analysis menu for each pavement type plotting menu and summary menu Program Main Menus The program starts by displaying the main menu Figure 1 As a first step users are expected to select the pavement type conventional full depth flexible composite or rigid pavements by clicking on it to activate the selected pavement analysis Excel sheet interface There are six Excel pavement analysis sheets including the conventional flexible pavement analysis module with 9 kip and variable FWD load the full depth flexible pavements analysis module with 9 kip and variable FWD load and the composite and rigid pavement analysis module with 9 kip FWD loading The software toolbox is programmed to give warning messages 1f the user clicks anywhere else While working with the toolbox all other Excel features are accessible including open close CODpy paste save save as print and print settings When the user quits the toolbox all the charts and results for the analysis except the last data entered will be deleted
31. ent Eac Epcc ks opcc tensile stress at the bottom of the PCC and Ac were predicted The developed methodology was successfully verified using results from long term pavement performance LTPP FWD test results as well as Iowa DOT FWD field data All successfully developed ANN models were incorporated into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet based backcalculation software toolbox with a user friendly interface The phase I study also concluded that the developed nondestructive pavement evaluation methodology for analyzing the FWD deflection data would be adopted by Iowa DOT pavement and material engineers and technicians who do not employ any preferable FWD backcalculation analysis technique OBJECTIVES This phase II follow up study of IA DOT Project CTRE Project 04 177 focused on the development of a fully automated software system for rapid processing of the FWD data The software system can automatically read the FWD raw data collected by the JILS 20 type FWD machine that Iowa DOT owns process and analyze the collected data with the algorithms being developed during the phase I study This system smoothly integrates the FWD data analysis algorithms and the computer program being used to collect the pavement deflection data With the implementation of the developed software system the FWD data can be filtered processed and analyzed on the fly PROGRAM USER MANUAL The password protected Excel based software toolbox was developed using Mi
32. g are some of the significant features of the fully automated ANN based user friendly pavement structural analysis software system e Acomprehensive pavement structural analysis tool incorporating all three common pavement types flexible rigid and composite e Capability of automatically reading the FWD raw data collected by the 5 20 type FWD machine that Iowa DOT owns Integration of all the ANN models developed as part of Phase I research into a comprehensive unified framework e Rapid backcalculation of pavement layer moduli and prediction of critical pavement responses from FWD data 100 000 deflection basins analyzed in less than a second Useful for both project level and network level pavement structural evaluation Visualization of results through automatic plotting capability Commonly used Import Export options for transporting data Automatic generation of output statistics 27 REFERENCES Ceylan H Guclu A R Bayrak B and Gopalakrishnan K 2007 Nondestructive Evaluation Iowa Pavements Phase I CTRE Project 04 177 Center for Transportation Research and Education Iowa State University Ames Iowa 28
33. ilar to flexible pavement analysis menu the rigid pavement analysis menu consists of three main sections inputs analysis tool and outputs as shown in Figure 18 Required input parameters for rigid pavement analysis are deflection data pavement layer information layer thicknesses degree of bonding and estimated moduli ratio and FWD load To simplify the ANN based backcalculation methodology PCC layer and base layer thicknesses are combined into one thickness value effective PCC thickness through the concept of equivalent thickness Ceylan et al 2007 While conducting the analysis the effective PCC thickness can be automatically calculated from pavement layer information and used in the backcalculation analysis The analysis tool functionalities in the rigid pavement analysis menu are identical to those in flexible pavement analysis menu except two additional functions equation and show normalization The Equation button once clicked is meant to provide the equations sheet as shown in Figure 19 This equation sheet summarizes the equations used for calculation of effective PCC thickness for fully bonded PCC layers unbonded PCC layers and partially bonded PCC layers The show normalization button is enabled only after the backcalculation analysis is complete The raw FWD deflection data corresponding to the raw FWD loads are normalized to the 9 kip constant FWD load during backcalculation analysis As shown in Figure 20 the
34. in menu on choosing ANN info show option 4 Figure 4 Sample Excel sheet showing ANN model 1 6000004 4 Figure 5 Flexible pavement analyses menus a conventional b full depth 5 Figure 6 General information WIDOOW eene epa NN Rus 6 Figure 7 Screen shot of FWD data extraction through open FWD data file button a choosing raw FWD file b FWD data 7 Figure 8 Extracted FWD data a variable FWD load analysis b 9 kip constant FWD load TU PP RR 8 Figure 9 mente zensiert 9 Figure 10 Filtering the FWD data a range check b range and model check 10 Figure 11 Sample pavement analysis results identifying analysis results from FWD data that talls outstde Lilterine TAN P eb 11 Figure 12 Sample Excel sheet outputs of flexible pavement analysis a conventional DUE ee Bene toto een 12 Figure 13 Sample Excel sheet output statistics of pavement analysis 13 Figure 14 Plot option WINdOW een aa 14 Figure 15 Sample Excel plots for conventional pavement analysis results 15 Figure 16 Sample Excel plots for full depth asphalt pavement analysis results
35. l Ceylan Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan Sunghwan Kim Alper Guclu and M Birkan Bayrak Sponsored by the Iowa Department of Transportation CTRE Project 04 177 Phase 2 Preparation of this report was financed in part through funds provided by the Iowa Department of Transportation through its Research Management Agreement with the Institute for Transportation A report from Center for Transportation Research and Education Iowa State University 2711 South Loop Drive Suite 4700 Ames IA 50010 8664 Phone 515 294 8103 Fax 515 294 0467 www intrans iastate edu TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS sudeste De ia e O Oates aida O GRE eU vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ee Re 1X INTRODUCTION zes ner euere 1 OBJEC TIVE Sirr Ile 2 PROGRAM USER MANUAL T ET TN E T 2 Program Main ee ann 2 Flexible Pavement Analysis Plotting and Summary 400000 5 Rigid Pavement Analysis Plotting and Summary 18 Composite Pavement Analysis Plotting and Summary 23 SUMMARY guinte 27 REFERENCES ee I M M Es 28 LIST OF FIGURES Figure LFW anal ysis program main menu an 3 Figure 2 ANN Information button in main menu eene nennen eene 3 Figure 3 Screenshot of ma
36. lections Eac psi FWD Deflections mil Thickness inch Thickness inch FWD Load NIV ERSITY 00 012 024 036 Location gt 900 m m Analysis 525 3 00 422 5 41C 9 00 1 287 EZ 4 38 3 00 285 5 316 772 5 766 072 5 05 5 711 Outputs m N Department Lom Dm Main Mean Lee m EE eC BENE Ce oo ew __ e el _ Asphalt Concrete FWD Load TATE NV ERSITY 4 Deflections Eac psi m up 2 FWD Deflections mils Thickness inch 9 ki D0 D12 D24 D36 Location 2 Analysis 9 152 969 2 598 044 4112425 3223 881 174 3 T 233 084 188 9 1 310 974 558 9 00 5 501 145 TAVV 966 EDI AC 9 ra b Figure 5 Flexible pavement analyses menus a conventional b full depth After selecting one of the pavement types from the main menu a general information window appears Its purpose 15 to get information that represents a project site at the beginning of each analysis see Figure 6 The user is required to fill in the information to continue with pavement analysis General information inputs will be displayed with each graph at the end of the analysis to identify the project information General Information
37. m m m m m m m m m Figure 14 Plot option window 14 Millions Esc psi Thousands Eni psi Strain SG microstrain 995599 4 Deflection Modulus Prediction 9995 6 99999 9 9 999599999 99 99 9 999 Project Name Project Name Project Location Project Location Temp Temperature Comments Comments T T T T T T 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Location 4 Deflection Subgrade Modulus Prediction Project Name Project Name Project Location Project Location Temp Temperature Comments Comments Location 4 Deflection Strain at the top of the SG Layer Prediction 2 000 1 800 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 Project Project Name Project Location Project Location Temp Temperature Comments Comments 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Location 4 Deflection Granular Base K Prediction Project Name Project Name Project Location Project Location Temp Temperature 5 16 Comments Comments 3 14 9 12 _ 10 8 x 6 4 2 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Location 4 Deflection Strain at the bottom of the AC Layer Prediction 400 Project Project Name 350 Project Location Project Location Temp Temperature 300 Comments Comments S 250 k 2 o E 200 o lt 150 100 50 219 99999 9999999 299920999999990 9999999 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Location 4 Deflection
38. nt analysis 4 6 7 and 8 deflection models with 0 42 5 and 10 noise Each model has a different number of input parameters depending on the number of deflections and a different level of noise to provide more robust networks Detailed descriptions of each model are provided in phase I project report Ceylan et al 2007 For each model the analysis results will be displayed on the right side of the screen The user should scroll right to see all results Also disabled menu commands of plots and the summary 23 will be activated The composite pavement analysis results are Eac modulus of AC Epcc modulus of k coefficient of subgrade reaction ac tensile strain at the bottom of asphalt layer and opcc tensile stress at the bottom of the PCC layer Figure 25 illustrates sample analysis results for a composite pavement section Figure 26 illustrates color coded composite pavement analysis results of 4 deflection model with 0 96 noise which are generated from the plotting function Figure 27 illustrates sample Excel sheet with tables of each output and their statistics for every generated model by clicking summary button 4 Deflections psi 012 024 036 gt Analysis Tool Outputs 1362506 15920 wee won 222210 co 599010 AC ovestaid PEE 589 797 3 Deflections mils Anetves za 1 2
39. ported in micro strains x109 User can enter the FWD deflection database manually or obtain those directly from the 5 20 type FWD raw data files clicking Open FWD data file The Open FWD data file command allows the user to load the FWD raw data files and extract the FWD deflections required as inputs to the automated analysis software as shown in Figure 7 The software allows two types of flexible pavement analysis based on FWD loading amplitude 9 kip constant FWD load analysis and variable FWD load analysis As shown in Figure 8 a the raw FWD deflection data corresponding to the raw FWD loads are extracted and inputted into the program under variable FWD load analysis The 9 kip constant FWD load analysis in Figure 8 b uses the FWD deflection data normalized to 9 kip constant FWD load halt Concrete Granular Bae i STATE UNIVERSITY 4 Deflectione Eoc pei Thickness inch Thickness inch DO D12 D24 D36 w NET Please select a file Look in Jis FWD Q AIA X Ed To DEES 4 77141a 2 dat My Recent 4 77141B 1 DAT Documents 4 771418 2 0 File name Files of type 715 FWD Dat File 4 Deflections Eac psi FWD Deflections mils 00 012 024 036 uuu Microsoft Excel Data extracted 1 Conventional Flexible Pavement 9 hip Figure 7
40. r these parameters are also calculated With this approach engineers will have a better understanding of the sources of errors Filter Options Range Check Model Check curvature Check Figure 9 Filter options menu FWD Deflection mils Asphalt Concrete Granular Bese un Lead NIVERSITY 4 Deflections Eac pel Thickness inch Thickness inch DO D12 D24 D36 Location 1 ss 374 362 332 304 263 385 am am 25 20 oo 362 349 36 282 239 198 5 397 5 2 om 204 6 2 257 24 16 iowa Department 356 2 CN St transportation se 278 256 222 188 em em 25 am ses ase 329 290 22 cuo Ra 372 348 332 2m zz ww 327 317 307 296 271 2 sm 252 281 258 222 1 298 235 287 279 244 22 188 376 346 328 252 206 ase 353 32 274 232 1 ase 2 226 15 355 309 257 286 28 sm 237 286 18 2 EI lt M gt MMCFP 9 FW
41. ratefully acknowledged for their guidance support and direction throughout the research The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented within The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the official views and policies of the Iowa DOT and ISU This report does not constitute a standard specification or regulation vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study is a follow up to the IA DOT Project CTRE Project 04 177 Nondestructive Evaluation of Iowa Pavements Phase 1 The objective of this Phase II study 15 the development of a fully automated software system for rapid processing of the FWD data accompanied by a user manual The software system can automatically read the FWD raw data collected by the Iowa DOT s JILS 20 type FWD machine process and analyze the collected data with the rapid prediction algorithms developed during the phase I study This report which can also be used as a user manual for the software contains examples or case studies for all three pavement types flexible rigid and composite illustrating the step by step procedure in using the software Some of specific features of the fully automated software system described in this report are summarized below A comprehensive pavement structural analysis toolbox incorporating all three common pavement types flexible rigid and composite Capability of automatically reading the FWD
42. raw data collected by the JILS 20 type FWD machine that Iowa DOT owns Integration of all the Artificial Neural Network ANN models developed as part of Phase I research into a comprehensive unified framework Rapid backcalculation of pavement layer moduli and prediction of critical pavement responses from FWD data 100 000 deflection basins analyzed in less than a second Useful for both project level and network level pavement structural evaluation Visualization of results through automatic plotting capability Commonly used Import Export options for transporting data Automatic generation of output statistics 1X INTRODUCTION Evaluating structural condition of existing in service pavements 15 a part of the routine maintenance and rehabilitation activities undertaken by the most Departments of Transportation DOTS In the field the pavement deflection profiles or basins gathered from the nondestructive Falling Weight Deflectometer FWD test data are typically used to evaluate pavement structural condition FWD testing 1s often preferred over destructive testing methods because it 1s faster than destructive tests and does not entail the removal of pavement materials This kind of evaluation requires the use of backcalculation type structural analysis to determine pavement layer stiffnesses and as a result estimate pavement remaining life Although the Office of Special Investigations at Iowa DOT has collected the FWD data on regular basis the
43. s that can tolerate the noisy or inaccurate deflection patterns collected from the FWD deflection basins The detail descriptions of each model are provided in phase I project report Ceylan et al 2007 For each model the analysis results will be displayed on the right side of the screen The user should scroll right to see all results Also disabled menu commands of plots and the summary will be activated The conventional flexible pavement analysis results are EAc modulus of AC modulus parameter Eg subgrade resilient modulus Ac tensile strain at the bottom of asphalt layer sg compressive strain at the top of subgrade and op subgrade deviator stress The full depth flexible pavement analysis results are EAc modulus of AC Er subgrade resilient modulus Ac tensile strain at the bottom of asphalt layer sg compressive strain at the top of subgrade and op subgrade deviator stress Figure 12 illustrates the sample analysis results of a conventional and a full depth flexible pavement Failure to supply all the input parameters will be reflected in the results column of that model The program will automatically write No Data For example if Dag is missing in the input data then all six and eight deflection model columns will display the error message of No Data At the end of each column statistical information regarding that model 15 presented see Figure 11 13 The collection of these statistics is
44. summarized in summary sheets gt z szisisisiszisisisziz 5 5 5 2 a ee x q 4 H Defle 09 012 024 036 04 44 427 2 2 gt N 8 FE HE 4 18 timar Eri pri D D12 D24 D3 D4 D 9 Deflec ectimar Eac pri ofl 0 012 024 03 04 069 0 imar K pri D D12 D24 D3 4Deflect ectimar Eri pri D D12 D24 D36 ATEEASE STDEY cr o in ow T7 O rt m zu Sm AH ON MON OD Oo m oom om Mom Wow 5 27 0 3 2 25 4 4 42 N 2 E t m s a 27 v 424 N T EN T Mon mur K pri 09 012 024 036 4Defle mur Eri pri D D12 D24 D3 fle 4De mar Eac pri 09 012 024 036 4Defle de ATERAGE SITDET cr mm Ww od 4 41 4 4 4 46 b Figure 12 Sample Excel sheet outputs of flexible pavement analysis a conventional b full depth 12 JNIVERSITY 4 Deflections Eac psi 4 Deflections Eri psi 4 Deflections K psi D0 D12 D24 D36 D0 D12 D24 D36 D0 D12 D24 D36 Location p
45. talog No CTRE Project 04 177 Phase 2 4 Title and Subtitle 5 Report Date Non Destructive Evaluation of Iowa Pavements Phase 2 Development of a Fully February 2009 Automated Software System for Rapid Analysis Processing of the Falling Weight Deflectometer Data 6 Performing Organization Code 7 Author s 8 Performing Organization Report No Halil Ceylan Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan Sunghwan Kim Alper Guclu and CTRE Project 04 177 Phase 2 M Birkan Bayrak 9 Performing Organization Name and Address 10 Work Unit No TRAIS Center for Transportation Research and Education Iowa State University 11 Contract or Grant No 2711 South Loop Drive Suite 4700 Ames IA 50010 8664 12 Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13 Type of Report and Period Covered Iowa Department of Transportation Final Report 800 Lincoln Way 14 Sponsoring Agency Code Ames IA 50010 15 Supplementary Notes Visit www intrans iastate edu for color PDFs of this and other research reports 16 Abstract The Office of Special Investigations at Iowa Department of Transportation DOT collects FWD data on regular basis to evaluate pavement structural conditions The primary objective of this study was to develop a fully automated software system for rapid processing of the FWD data along with a user manual The software system automatically reads the FWD raw data collected by the JILS 20 type FWD machine that Iowa DOT owns processes
46. te on the basis of race color age religion national origin sexual orientation gender identity genetic information sex marital status disability or status as a U S veteran Inquiries can be directed to the Director of Equal Opportunity and Compliance 3280 Beardshear Hall 515 294 7612 Iowa Department of Transportation Statements Federal and state laws prohibit employment and or public accommodation discrimination on the basis of age color creed disability gender identity national origin pregnancy race religion sex sexual orientation or veterans status If you believe you have been discriminated against please contact the Iowa Civil Rights Commission at 800 457 4416 or Iowa Department of Transportations affirmative action officer If you need accommodations because of a disability to access the Iowa Department of Transportations services contact the agencys affirmative action officer at 800 262 0003 The preparation of this document was financed in part through funds provided by the Iowa Department of Transportation through its Agreement for the Management of Research Conducted by Iowa State University for the Iowa Department of Transportation and its amendments The opinions findings and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Iowa Department of Transportation Technical Report Documentation Page 1 Report No 2 Government Accession No 3 Recipient s Ca
47. ults Also disabled menu commands of Plots and Summary will be activated after the analysis 1s complete The rigid pavement analysis results are Epcc modulus of PCC k coefficient of subgrade reaction opcc tensile stress at the bottom of PCC layer and radius of relative stiffness RRS Figure 21 illustrates the sample analysis results from a rigid pavement run Figure 22 illustrates color coded rigid pavement analysis results of 4 deflection ANN model with 0 noise which are generated from the plotting function Figure 23 illustrates sample Excel sheet with the output tables and their statistics for every model generated by clicking summary button Deflection Model D9 04 012 014 024 0345 044 054 saff cant oF Reaction prifin PCC Madsler pri A epe eges pne LI nN T an a inc pu LAE 5 1 n P mm 4 Rigid Pavement Analysis Figure 21 Sample Excel sheet of rigid pavement analysis outputs 21 Millions psi RRS inch 4 Deflection PCC Modulus Prediction Project Name Project Name Project Location Project Location Temp Temperature Comments Comments 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Location 4 Deflection Radius of Relative Stiffness Prediction Project Name Project Name Project Location Project Location Temp Temperature Comments Comments 0 9
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