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Perennial Pepperweed Control Handbook

1. 40 D Signatures and Submittal Requirements I hereby certify under the penalties of perjury that the foregoing Request for Determination of Applicability and accompanying plans documents and supporting data are true and complete to the best of my knowledge further certify that the property owner if different from the applicant and the appropriate DEP Regional Office were sent a complete copy of this Request including all appropriate documentation simultaneously with the submittal of this Request to the Conservation Commission Failure by the applicant to send copies in a timely manner may result in dismissal of the Request for Determination of Applicability Name and address of the property owner U S Fish and Wildlife Service Name 6 Plum Island Turnpike Maling Address Newburyport CRyT OWN MA 01950 State Zip Code Signatures also understand that notification of this Request will be placed in a local newspaper at my expense in accordance with Section 10 05 3XbX1 of the Wetlands Protection Act regulations Signature of Applicant Date Signature of Representative if any Date whaler I doc Page f 57 58 Appendix C Pulling Materials Tips for Pulling Pepperweed Es Ed eds mokka hete moten aorta as medan Photo Release Formue adelen Tips for Pulling Pepperweed Recommended Equipment Work or Garden Gloves Hat Water Camera with charged batteries Contractor Garbage Bags 3 m
2. e Click on Waypoint and as a dropdown menu appears click on Download f Allofthe waypoints on your GPS will appear and you need to look for the ones you want It will tell you how many records you received Click OK to acknowledge this information and to move on You may get the following error message GPS on com port 1 failed to initialize Check the following 1 Your GPS is turned on 2 The proper port number is set 3 You have the latest driver installed for your GPS USB Only 4 You have the latest firmware installed on your GPS If you get this error message first make sure that the GPS unit is on Next set the port by clicking on the GPS tab and then choosing Set port and USB as the dropdown menus appear Then click OK 41 Your points should then download and you should get something that looks like Figure 2 You will probably want to click and drag on the lower right hand corner to allow you to view all the information contained Figure 3 MN DNR Garmin Google Earth eTrex Legend H Software Version 2 40 VERBMAP Americas Rec Basemap 4 00 Lat 42 58253214Lon 70 82528631 Alt EPE lt lt lt Data Table lt lt lt Ze Waypoint Track Route RTimewipt type ident Lat ong prj A 1 WAYPOINT DNRGarmin X 70 83462752 4987482 507 2 WAYPOINT 9 70 83445888 4987581 511 3 WAYPOINT Received 50 records 70 82940652 4987816 516t 4 WAYPOINT 70 82942245 4987817 321
3. 75 100 How Much pepperweed is present Use this scale A a garbage bagful B a few bagfuls C a truckload D 2 3 truckloads E many truckloads Comments Other Invasives Record any comments in this box Oftentimes you will find pepperweed growing in the spaces between Phragmites australis another invasive species which grows along the upland edge of salt marshes Figure 10 Look closely Pepperweed can also grow within a Phragmites patch As many people are working on Phragmites control in Massachusetts it is important to alert land managers to the potential issue of increased pepperweed spread due to Phragmites control ID Confidence You may or may not be 100 sure of your identification especially if you are mapping from a distance Record percent confidence that the patch is or isn t pepperweed Pepperweed e Heure 10 Pepperweed often grows in the spaces between Phragmites australis patches Control of Phragmites may open room for pepperweed to spread 11 CO Mapping Proc edure 1 Scan or walk along the upland edge of the marsh looking for pepperweed If you started at a point where no pepperweed was found you can indicate later on a map there was no pepperweed by drawing a green line from your starting point to the place where you first encounter pepperweed 2 If you find a small patch of pepperweed mark it with one point 3 If you find a large patch of pepper weed mark the beginni
4. DNR Garmin is a free program that allows you to transfer information in a Garmin GPS unit to various Geographic Information System GIS packages as well as to Google Earth a free easy to share web based mapping program Steps a If you do not have the DNR Garmin program on your computer already go to http www dnr state mn us mis gis tools arcview extensions DNRGarmin DNRGarmin html and scroll down until you see Download Program Read through the various versions You may want to choose the most recent version to download but check to see if it is compatible with programs already loaded onto your computer Follow the instructions to download and install this program This will allow you to transfer from Garmin GPS handheld receivers and various GIS software packages as well as with Google Earth b Turn your GPS unit on Make sure batteries are charged so it will go on c Connect the USB cord from your GPS unit to your computer 40 d Start DNR Garmin program by clicking on the icon Figure 1 GC My Documents Google Earth 2 r e My Computer MN DNR Garmin Google Earth File Edit GPS Waypoint Track Route RealTime Help WH Software Version 2 40 VERBMAP Americas Rec Basemap 4 00 gel 114 Lon 70 82070552 ini K EPE gt gt gt Data Table gt gt gt DNR Garmin icon Sorfected Projection NAD83 UTM zone TEN F de arts dr garmin This appears Figure 1 DNR Garmin Program
5. We are trying to control pepperweed to protect the valuable salt marsh ecosystem and all the plants and animals which use it Why do we want to use herbicide on Pepperweed We have two proven control techniques to remove and reduce pepperweed We can hand pull pepperweed and dry it or use herbicide to kill the plant and roots Sites chosen for herbicide treatment tend to be larger denser or more remote In some sites we see great results from pulling in others there is little change What herbicide do you use What safety measures do you take We use a 0 03 solution of Escort applied to individual plants by certified Massachusetts Pesticide Applicators Escort has proven very effect in controlling pepperweed with only 10 growing back the next year Our applicators work within Massachusetts pesticide regulations target the pepperweed avoiding native vegetation and apply during calm wind conditions Is it safe for me my children and my pets to be in the area The pesticide applicators target only pepperweed plants so other vegetation and objects are avoided Do not enter the pepperweed patch for 4 hours after spraying The pesticide is drawn into the plant through the leaves and is moved down to the roots The other vegetation and soil are unharmed by the herbicide Pepperweed Timetable Expected in Massachusetts Jan Feb March April Week 1 2 3 4 1 2 13 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 13 Outreach X X
6. 19 We have found most landowners quick to give permission to treat pepperweed in towns where we have posted these signs Coroplast Signs can be designed on line at http www dynamic7 com Ines Species Control Site Figure 19 Roadside signs help raise awareness 31 Concern Citizens may inadvertently spread pepperweed to new areas Invasive Species onl Sit kem Invasive species in this area Ph have sae rosted Oy TAS ed MA NH ME Invasive Control Project rig ot let it Fr Tie For more information Parker River National Wildite Retoge at 978 465 5753 32 Appendix A Mapping Tools Using a GARMIN Etrex Global Positioning System GPS Unit 34 Foot Mapping Materials Checklist iis se ee es EE ER Ee AE Ge RA AA AR Ge Re AA a E EE Ee Re de ee ee ee Ee Re de 36 Boat Mapping Materials Checklist iis se es EE ER Ee AA AR Ge RA AA AE ER Ge RA AA ee Ee Re AA ee Re ke de 37 Invasive Weed Mapping Form snnrorsrnssnannnnnnrnrvenssnanannnnrnnsrnssnsnnnnnnrnnssnssnsnnnnnnrsnsssssranannnnrnnsssssranannnnnnnnssne 38 Mapping on Computer Instruction 40 33 34 10 11 12 13 Using a GARMIN Etrex Global Positioning System GPS Unit Refer to your user manual if you have a different type of GPS unit Turn the unit on using the lower button on the right side of the GPS Unit When first turning on your GPS unit stand outside where you can see the sky This will help your GPS unit acquire satel
7. PERMISSION del AR ces sees EN EE KERE EE KOEN 53 RDA Permitting FOrm Example i e ER e GE ee ED se dee GE eek ses 54 Sample Face to Face Permission Dialogue Hi How are you today My name is and I m working with on an invasive species control project We are working to control perennial pepperweed which is a recent plant invader to this region Have you heard of pepperweed Wait for a response We are particularly concerned about pepperweed because it is spreading quite rapidly Its seeds are transported in with the tides and it can be found hundreds of yards from its source We have been mapping in your neighborhood and believe there is pepperweed growing on or near your property Last spring we presented a plan to the Town s Name Here conservation commission and got permission to treat pepperweed anywhere we find it as long as we have landowner permission Are you the landowner here if yes ask for permission if they are a tenant ask for contact info for the landowner Today I am collecting signatures to allow treatment Would you be willing to sign a permission form It would be great if you could grant us permission to use both herbicide and to pull by hand Responses Yes Great Please check the first box and sign here with your address No to herbicide Would you be willing for us to treat it manually pulling or to commit to treating it yourself Questions About herbicide Answer them to the best of your
8. Planning Meeting Grant writing Mapping on Xx X X X Xx X Xx Foot Mapping By Boat Permitting x x X xX X xX Xx xX Xx xX Xx xX Xx xX Xx Landowner x x x X X x X x x X X x x x X Permission May June July August Outreach Train Train Week Pepperweed growing Greenheads Flowers developing Seeds developing Seeds dropping Pepperweed Pulling weed whacking Pulling Recheck Herbicide Use Non Rainy Days needed Extended Herbicide use late flowering sites or pretreated sites Mapping on Foot Mapping By Boat 64 Sept October November December Week 213 4 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 4 Reporting Reporting Outreach Xx X Pepperweed x x D growing Flowers x xX developing Seeds x xX X developing Seeds dropping x x x X Pepperweed Repull sites Pulling weed whacking Pulling Recheck x X x Herbicide Use Extended Herbicide use Mapping on X Foot Mapping By xX Boat 65 66 Perennial Pepperweed ID Sheet New Plant Invaders to Watch For Perennial Pepperweed AN Mass Audubon es te Protectista the Notre of Ahascactiescett Lepidium latifolium EE ne The Threat Perennial pepperweed is a serious invasiv
9. alt 6027 ft w ml S CS Sco ERs VDA Figure 9 Google Earth can help you plan your mapping trips The pink line shows a place that two people may want to do together parking at point A and Point B Orange line is a loop that one person can easily map alone parking at point C The Google Earth measuring tool shown as a yellow line indicates one stretch of the journey is 35 miles distance Prepare Landowner permission letters and forms for your investigation Appendix B People may ask what you are doing as you traipse across the marsh This is a great opportunity to educate citizens and to ask them for permission to treat pepperweed When you take a break from mapping you may find time to talk to landowners Be ready See Appendix D for background materials to provide to the inquisitive landowners These include a Perennial Pepperweed ID Sheet a Laminated ID card and Herbicide FAQs Recharge your batteries for the GPS unit and for your camera Review how to use your GPS unit See Appendix A for instructions on Using a GARMIN Etrex Global Positioning System GPS Unit as an example Check the weather you want to map when there is good visibility 10 For mapping on foot See Appendix A for packing checklist c Information to record See Appendix A for an Invasive Weed Mapping Form Cover Page It is important to record the date you are mapping as well as who is doing the mapping and number of hours you are mapping along
10. forms tall dead stalks short rosettes individual stems gone to seed etc Look for pepperweed along the upland edges of marshes You may want to start in areas where you have previously mapped by boat or car to see how far an infestation goes Be sure to record where you travelled that was pepperweed free as well as areas that are infested ay TN S Poe Figure 11 Learn to recognize pepperweed in all of its forms 13 3 Boat mapping Boat mapping allows you to cover a lot of ground in a short amount of time Make sure there is more than one person available to go with you One person will steer the boat the other s will look for and record pepperweed Be sure to check the tides You can only go so far up narrow creeks Strategize your mapping time based on what creeks you want to access at the highest point of the tide Be sure to bring binoculars With binoculars you should be able to view a couple hundred meters from the boat We often start boat mapping in late July and continue into early September when the pepperweed has mostly gone to seed It is typically growing about waist high at this time We have found that some harbormasters are willing to donate their boats and their time to help with mapping efforts Don t forget to include the value of the boat and captain when you are documenting match Suggestion Before mapping in a boat revisit a site known to be infested with pepperweed Take a look at the pepperweed from a dist
11. formulations can vary greatly from less than 1 to more than 50 Herbicides with very low concentrations of active ingredient are often ready to use direct from the container without dilution Herbicides with higher concentrations of active ingredients typically require dilution when applied as a spray or mist The herbicide label will provide specific instructions for each herbicide product 23 Herbicides with the following active ingredients have been found to be effective against perennial pepperweed Glyphosate Rodeo Broad Spectrum kills Yes most plants Aquamaster Metsulfuronmethyl Escort Kills broad leaved Not approved for aquatic use plants Should not be used below mean high tide Table 1 Suggested Herbicide for Pepperweed Control Herbicide Needs Applicator License and insurance Equipment necessary amp costs for mixing and applying an herbicide like Escort Chemical Gloves about 2 50 pair high quality elbow length nitrile gloves are 7 45 each at Forestry Suppliers Goggle Eye Protection 5 00 pair Scale 50 00 like Ohaus Pocket Scale from Forestry Suppliers to measure out 0 33 oz Escort powder to mix with 10 gallons of water Graduated cylinder about 15 35 gallon Barrel 75 for mixing and transporting herbicide mix Hand Pump 11 95 for Plastic Syphon Pump from Forestry Suppliers Backpack sprayer 700 perhaps the Solo model 433 Motorized Backpac
12. is highly infested with pepperweed you may need to decide which infestations warrant your attention first You will also need to decide which areas to treat with herbicide which to pull and which to use both methods Mapping your region may help you assess the extent of its spread and help you set priorities In the Great Marsh Region we found large areas of the marsh free of pepperweed This helped us focus on preventing the spread to these clear areas particularly when one or two patches were adjacent to them Our neighbors to the north in New Hampshire had only two or three patches in the whole state Their funding helped support mapping and control efforts on the border of Massachusetts with the intent of preventing its spread north When developing a strategy consider 1 Potential vectors for spread such as a Roadways b River Currents c Tidal currents flowing both in and out d Human transport such as collecting mulch from salt marshes 2 Which infestations are near areas clear of pepperweed or are the outermost front of pepperweed spread 3 To prevent threats to horses and agricultural land keep it out of pasture land Take a look at maps to see where agricultural land is adjacent to salt marsh 4 Consider potential partners in your battle against pepperweed You may want to prioritize treatment based on the interests of other conservation groups in your region 5 Where pepperweed is near fast moving currents it may spread
13. lines of data which you wish to download Click on File on the drop down menu click on Save To and on the next Drop down click on Google Earth and My Places Figure 5 MN DNR Garmin Google Earth Fie Edit GPS Waypoint Track Route RealTime Help Load From E Vereinn 2 AN VERRMAP Americas Rec Basemap 4 00 Fie Set Projection lt lt lt Data Table lt lt lt Get Projection Route C RTimewpt General Properties p Innn y pro x Do comment display symbol unused1 My Places 4987482 50747142 2313970 56111688 24 MAY 10 11 44 554M De 8284 BEIER 7083445888 4987581 51139479 2313958 0142949 24 MAY 10 11 48 394M De 8284 hireh Apps 42 83737133 70 82940652 4987816 51665513 2314338 81612275 24 MAY 10 12 08 00PM Ole 8284 Set App Refresh Rate 004 42 83738181 70 82942245 4987817 32198077 2314397 18692259 24 MAY 10 12 08 05PM De 8284 Exit 10Bypepp 42 69961987 70 83579697 4972326 76717708 2318060 89772681 02JUN 10 1 35 51PM Ole 8284 e o 10Gppulll 42 69909776 70 83715953 4972237 65599978 2317964 99904432 02JUN 10 1 13 35PM Ole 8284 7 WAYPOINT 1ONp1 42 68357313 70 78921990 4971597 87329909 2322383 63911235 02 NOV 10 11 22 304M Ole 8284 8 WAYPOINT TONp4 42 67637668 70 78435672 4970906 76523372 2323005 46929086 02 NOV 10 12 30 30PM De 8284 9 WAYPOINT _ 10P2 42 67643301 70
14. parcel You may be able to cover a lot of ground with a few targeted landowners See Appendix B for sample dialogues with landowners permission letters and permission slips You may want to print and carry copies of informational materials to help you answer landowner s questions See Appendix C for additional outreach material such as the Perennial Pepperweed Identification Sheet the Herbicide FAOS and an example of a pepperweed Laminated ID card 26 Organizing Landowner Permissions a Introduction Once you have mapped pepperweed you need to find out who owns the property it is growing on in order to get permission to treat it Although you can go door to door knocking you may want to make phone calls or send letters in order to reach more people at once In many cities you can find out property owners on line b Locating Landowners 1 Accessing Parcel maps Many towns have parcel maps and landowner information on line Go on line and search for Assessors Maps and indicate the town you are searching for Click on Tax Maps You may need to click on an index map to see all the regions of the town Click on a region of the town that you know is infested with pepperweed You may need to unblock to allow the tax map to download Print the map On your computer zoom in to read the map It is likely that the tax map you are looking at is shown zoomed in and the parcel numbers are too small to rea
15. pepperweed ID card to show interested citizens who ask you about your work If they have time and interest show them how to recognize the pepperweed 5 Carry pepperweed permission to treat forms Appendix B with you You may find that you have the time to talk to property owners and to ask for permission to treat 6 If you are asked to leave the property do so immediately without question 7 Look for pepperweed in the regions where you see marsh elder This is primarily the upland edge of the marsh It may also be along ditches and raised areas of the marsh 8 Minimize your impact on the marsh If possible with a partner park on both ends of a marsh section so you only need to walk one way in the marsh 16 GIS and the Pepperweed Project A Geographic Information System GIS is a computer system that captures stores analyzes manages and presents data that are linked to location For a pepperweed control project GIS can help to record and locate pepperweed stands keep track of treatment and plant response and organize landowner permission and status Itis also a tool to share pepperweed locations treatment types and generally communicate project information with partners funders regulators and anyone interested in the project This chapter is written to give a few tips to a GIS user for organizing incoming pepperweed data and landowner information Please find an experienced GIS user to develop your data and maps D
16. spread of pepperweed in Your region We have seen that pepperweed spreads quite rapidly with the tide Acting now will help protect clear land and reduce the impact in areas already exposed to it I am writing to ask your permission to treat any pepperweed which may be growing on your property We have permission from the Conservation Commission in town for our control plan which will use both herbicide application and hand pulling to kill and remove the plant The plan requires several years of follow up surveys and treatments to ensure full control To proceed with this plan we need your permission Because the pepperweed in the region is at great risk of spreading we have written several grants with the hope of receiving funding to expand our control efforts in Ipswich With funding we hope to be able to treat Pepperweed on your property Please fill out the permission slip indicating how you would like to participate in this project Thank you for your assistance and please feel free to contact me or stop by with any questions Sincerely Your Name Your Title Your Address 51 Permission Letter Conservation Commission Permission Pending Edit and Copy this onto your letterhead Dear Landowner My name is and I am an Title for Your Organization Your organization has initiated an effort to map and control perennial pepperweed a non native invasive plant in region The goal of the Perennial Pepperweed Prog
17. such as Google Maps and Google Earth to communicate about sites that have been treated 4 Keep track of your time spent and volunteer time spent travel time chemicals used etc to use as match 5 Report into a coordinator who keeps track of regions treated 6 Put flags and signs in areas that you have treated to raise awareness 30 Outreach Materials In the Great Marsh Region We have developed a number of materials designed to educate citizens about pepperweed This includes a Perennial Pepperweed ID Sheet Laminated ID cards Figure 18 and roadside signs Each of these tools is useful for raising awareness about invasiv i nd helpin identi rweed See E SS Es ane EE ee MENU Peppenwee Perennial Pepperweed Identification Card Appendix D for more information about these materials Help Identify and control this Invesive spades Figure 18 Laminated ID cards are useful tools for educating local citizens Roadside Signs To help raise awareness we designed a coroplast sign to inform local citizens about our control efforts Some people collect old dead washed up grasses from the wrackline salt marshes to use as mulch in their gardens This has the potential of spreading pepperweed seeds to new locations if the site is infested with pepperweed Suggestion Post signs adjacent to where you are pulling or spraying pepperweed This not only helps raise awareness about the project but supports an informed local citizenry Figure
18. to occur even in winter months A A fi f e when treatment is not possible You might even want to TE get out the cross country skis and enjoy your mapping activities on the upland edge of the marsh Pepperweed is not confined to salt marshes it also grows in the upland and can travel down roadsides Figure 6 Look for pepperweed along l creekbanks in brackish or tidally restricted marshes Pepperweed can easily be distinguished from marsh elder Pepperweed has an alternate branching pattern while marsh elder twigs grow in pairs in opposite Figure 7 Dead remnants of pepperweed are visible even in winter months In your initial mapping ventures we suggest you check a map and drive along roads that intersect salt marshes and record the pepperweed you find Figure 8 Near Ipswich Compost Facility 4 Town Farm Road Ze K a i AA 4 Jeffrey s Neck Rd Met dvd Laborin Vain Rd I L lt we FEIE a Clear of Pepperweed Ch e e e A N N p Ey Argilla Road E bi A7 N Image O2011 TerraMetrics j A 20 1 1 Google gt 204 J Wo SIOCNOAATU S Navy NGA GEBCO GoOgle Ye d A i Imagery Date 6 18 2010 1995 42 41 33 OR DEER OOM elev Oft Eye alt 23066 ft Figure 8 Initial map of pepperweed in Ipswich in 2006 done by driving to roads that intersect with the marsh Green is free of pepperweed Please note Recording where you have mapped and found
19. with charged batteries Camera with charged batteries and case Binoculars one for each participant Hat witha brim Water sandals or shoes Extra layers of clothes wind breaker sweatshirt Long pants and sleeves due to insects Snack lunch Cell phone Extra batteries 37 38 Invasive Weed Mapping Form Species common Latin name Perennial Pepperweed Lepidium latifolium Observation date Observation time s Observation team members Contact email address es ntact telephone number s Area searched Town Map section Main road s Description of area search e g west of Newbury Road to east of High Street Surrounding land use Landowner s contacted Name Property Address Telephone Was the area thoroughly searched yes _ no uncertain If uncertain explain Record data on other side of sheet DATA FOR EACH PATCH FOUND page of 1 Record the accuracy of your reading This must be less than 50 feet A 3 4 5 6 7 Town Mappers Names end we R ge m ID Accu Patch Location Description Parking Di z Den Notes Other Confi 988 meters long by ave Record in Decimal No parking except of 3 meters A lot of Degrees at beginning square Phragmites Assign a unique ID for the patch Label photos with ID if taken Record GPS coordinates in decimal degrees Is parking available How many spaces Any safety concerns describe brie
20. 0 Table 3 Suggested Patch ID 1st letter A B C mapping day 2nd letter p np pepperweed no pepperweed 3rd letter patch number 4 year 2 The arrow above indicates the No pepperweed region extends until the first pepperweed point Ap111 The next mapping day the Patch ID should start with B so points are easier to distinguish when downloading from the GPS unit 3 GPS Coordinates Set your GPS to record in Decimal Degrees To do this turn on your GPS Unit On the Garmin eTrex Legend and eTrex Vista the on button is the lower one on the right side of the unit Click on the top button on the right side until you 10 see the menu screen Click on Setup and then on Units In the area that says Position Format click on hddd dddd The decimal degree format is the easiest to record and to type It is also the format used by the citizen science website CitSci org Parking Safety Concerns Is parking available How many spaces Any safety concerns Poison Ivy Barking dogs Describe briefly Consider whether it would be possible to bring a group here to pull pepperweed or preferable to send someone to administer herbicide Dimensions Estimate the patch size length and width diameter Ideally use meters in your estimate Record this in the box Density How dense is the pepperweed within the patch Use this scale A lt 25 B 25 50 C 50 75 or D
21. 1 Perennial Pepperweed and Herbicide Frequently Asked Questions iss se ee ee ee AE ee 62 Pepperweed Tinietdblei s o cds cated ai dete deier EE Ee ee E ie ee ea ee 63 Perennial Pepperweed ID Sheet 66 Introduction to the handbook Since 2006 Mass Audubon the U S Fish and Wildlife Service the Massachusetts Bays Estuary Program and the Newburyport Gulf of Maine Institute team have battled pepperweed in the Great Marsh Region This effective partnership has attracted numerous additional organizations and hundreds of volunteers each year While there is much work to be done this handbook passes on many lessons learned for battling pepperweed and or other invasive species We hope that this is of use to others for effectively controlling pepperweed in other regions in Massachusetts and preventing its spread to new areas John Halloran Gulf of Maine Institute with Liz Duff Massachusetts Audubon Society Description of Pepperweed Perennial pepperweed Lepidium latifolium is native to Eurasia In the 1930 s the plant was introduced to the United States through a shipment of sugar beet seeds Since that time pepperweed has become a serious problem on the west coast infiltrating roadsides riversides and pasture lands Pepperweed is present in all states west of the Rocky Mountains Although pepperweed was first recorded in Peabody Massachusetts in 1924 and Norton Connecticut in 1933 it has only recently been observed sprea
22. 21990 4971597 87329909 2322383 63911235 02 NOV 1011 22 308M Oe 8284 Pl 8 WAYPOINT 10Np4 42 67637668 70 78435672 4970906 76523372 2323005 46929086 02 NOV 1012 30 30PM Oe 8284 g WAYPOINT 10P2 42 67643301 70 78720565 4970848 18318946 2322769 51005037 02 NOV 1012 14 07PM Oe 8284 10 WAYPOINT 10P3 42 67641348 70 78702316 4970850 16097581 2322785 11411718 02 NOV 1012 20 02PM De 8284 11 WAYPOINT 10PEP 4283734091 70 82912564 4987819 50933114 2314362 77760716 24 M amp Y 10 12 09 32PM Oe 8284 12 WAYPOINT 10Pullgp 42 69894613 70 83718183 4972220 2560888 2317967 83448406 02JUN 10 1 15 50PM De 8284 Figure3 DNR Garmin Expanded View Mapping Suggestion When mapping make the initial part of your code the same number so the points you are downloading will be found all in one group rather than interspersed throughout g Inthe Garmin program select the lines of data which you wish to download 42 2 Transfer Points to Google Earth Google Earth is a free program that you can download that allows you to map points lines and polygons and to share these via email If you do not yet have this program go to http www google com earth index html click on Google Earth 7 Download Google Earth and follow the instructions Figure 4 Google Earth Icon If you have the program on your computer already click on the Google Earth Icon to start it a Inthe Garmin program select the
23. 4 5 WAYPOINT E 70 83579697 4972326 767 6 WAYPOINT 70 83715953 4972237 655 F WAYPOINT 12 60 70 78921990 4971597 873 8 WAYPOINT 42 67637668 70 78435672 4970906 765 g WAYPOINT 42 67643301 70 78720565 4970848187 10 WAYPOINT 42 67641348 70 78702318 4970850 160 Ti UAYDNIKT 4 B373ANaT Fn aana aanza Ana Y cay Connected VO of 50 Selected Figure 2 Waypoints downloaded to DNR Garmin MN DNR Garmin Google Earth Fie Edit GPS Waypoint Track Route RealTime Help eTrex Legend H Software Version 2 40 VERBMAP Americas Rec Basemap 4 00 Lat 42 58253214L on 70 82528631 Alt EPE lt lt Data Table lt lt lt Waypoint Track C Route C RTimewpt e i unused 1 WAYPOINT 001 4283543712 70 83462752 4987482 50747142 2313970 56111688 24 MAY 10 11 44 554M De 8284 eB 2 WAYPOINT 002 4283629166 70 83445888 4987581 51139479 2313958 0142949 24 MAY 10 11 48 398M Qe 8284 3 WAYPOINT 003 42 83737133 70 82940652 4987816 51665513 2314338 81612275 24 MAY 10 12 08 00PM De 8284 a 4 WAYPOINT 004 42 83738181 70 82942245 4987817 32198077 2314337 18692259 24 MAY 1012 08 05PM Oe 8284 5 WAYPOINT 10Bypepp 42 69961987 70 83579697 4972326 76717708 2318060 89772681 02JUN 10 1 35 51PM Oe 8284 6 WAYPOINT 10Gppull 4269909776 70 83715953 4972237 65599978 2317964 99904432 02JUN 10 1 13 35PM De 8284 7 WAYPOINT 10Np1 42 68357313 70 789
24. 78720565 4970848 18318946 2322769 51005037 02 NOV 10 12 14 07PM Ole 8284 10 WAYPOINT 10P3 42 67641348 70 78702318 4970850 16097581 2322785 11411718 02 NOV 10 12 20 02PM De 8284 11 WAYPOINT 1OPEP 42 83734091 70 82912564 4987819 50933114 231436277760716 24 MAY 10 12 09 32PM Ole 8284 12 WAYPOINT 10Pullgpl 42 69894613 70 83718183 4972220 2560888 2317967 83448406 O02JUN 10 1 15 50PM Ole 8284 Figure 5 b It will ask you to Define the Output Shape Click on Point if you are downloading points and click on OK Figure 6 Output Shape Please Define the Qutput Shape Line C Polygon OK Figure 6 c This will transfer all of the points If this happens successfully you will get the message File was successfully saved to My Places To update My Places in Google Earth right click on the My Places icon and select REVERT When you get this message Click OK and Go to Google Earth right click on the My Places icon and select REVERT 43 It will ask Do you want to revert to My Places and lose any edits you have made Click Yes The map will now show thumbtacks in all the places that you just downloaded once you zoom in to the correct area Figure 7 d Check the points against your data sheet to make sure all the points on your data sheet are transferred to Google Earth Sometimes mappers forget to hit ok twice when using the Garmin GPS unit and the waypoint may not be stored in
25. Perennial Pepperweed Lepidium latifolium Control Handbook For municipalities nonprofit organizations and others who will lead the effort to identify and control pepperweed in their given jurisdiction By Elizabeth Duff and Peter Phippen Sections by Lou Wagner of Mass Audubon and Sarah Janson of U S Fish and Wildlife Service Parker River national Wildlife Refuge o g A AN S f Ny GULF 5 ak Mass Audubon eS OF de Protecting the Nature of Massachusetts Le I MAaINE DT ne N INSTITUTE Merrimack Valley Planning Commission Special thanks to the Massachusetts Bays National Estuary Program for financial support Contents Description of Peppe WE d ae a aaa ea a a aa Eaa ea a nar ede AA AE ee ede aiaia ee ede ee ee ee ee 1 Prioritizing Pepperweed Treatment se es es ER Ee Re AA EE Re aaa a AE Ge AA AA AE Ge ede ee ee ee ee de ee ee ee ee 3 Field Mapping Perennial Pepperweed sees ees se i e AA AE Ge ede AA AE Ge ede a ee Ee Ee de RRE 6 GIS and the Pepperweed Project Ee RA AA aia nea AA AA ER ee AA AR ee ee ee ee ee 17 Permitting for Pepperweed Removal ees es ER RA EA ER Ee RA AA AA GE ER Ee AA ee AE ee AA ee ee Ee Ee de ee ee ee 19 Pulling Pepperweed HOW TO St vo EE ii nu d ee Re GEE V ee ee see Pe ee 21 Herbicide OVervieW isisisi OE EE N RE EE EE 23 Getting Landowner Permissions 26 Organizing Landowner Permissions sees ees se Ee AA ER Ee Re AA AA ER ee AA Ee Ee AA ee AA ee ee ee ee ee ee 27 Coordinatin
26. Sarah Janson Contact Name E Mall Address Maling Address City Town State Zip Code Phone Number Fax Number I applicable B Determinations 1 request the Newbury make the following determination s Check any that apply Commission a whether the area depicted on plan s and or map s referenced below is an area subject to jurisdiction of the Wetlands Protection Act DO b whether the boundaries of resource area s depicted on plan s and or map s referenced below are accurately delineated c whether the work depicted on plan s referenced below is subject to the Wetlands Protection Act EI d whether the area and or work depicted on plan s referenced below is subject to the jurisdiction of any municipal wetlands ordinance or bylaw of eau Name of Municipallty O e whether the following scope of alternatives is adequate for work in the Riverfront Area as depicted on referenced plan s waar I doc Page 1 ei wreder 1 doc Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Resource Protection Wetlands WPA Form 1 Request for Determination of Applicability Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act M G L c 131 40 C Project Description 1 a Project Location use maps and plans to identify the location of the area subject to this request Street Address CityrTown Assessors Map Piat Number ParceliLot Number b Area Description use additional paper if necessary We proposed a Perenial Pe
27. Seng Patch GPS much i 8 Accuracy ID Coordinates Concerns Invasives dence 19 feet N Need 42 68736 Island permissio W hard to n to 100 cP111 70 8009 access 50m x 1m B D access N 42 68763 W Same as 100 15 feet cP211 70 79994 ditto above B D None Fig 8 Mapping form with double headed arrow 35 Foot Mapping Materials Checklist 36 Filled water bottles More than one Sunscreen Insect Repellent Pencils pens Pepperweed ID cards to share Appendix D Landowner Permission forms and letters Appendix B Pepperweed mapping forms Camera with recharged batteries GPS Unit with recharged batteries Binoculars Clip board Hat Waterproof boots Extra layers of clothes depending on weather We suggest long pants and sleeves due to insects Snack lunch First Aid Kit Extra batteries Sunglasses Invasive Weed Mapping Forms Appendix A Boat Mapping Materials Checklist Recharge your batteries for the GPS unit and for your camera Make sure you have enough fuel for your trip Map of the area you are mapping Red pen for marking on map Sunglasses Water bottles More than one Sunscreen Insect repellent Pencils pens for data sheet Pepperweed ID cards Landowner Permission Letters Appendix B Personal flotation device Standard boat safety gear Invasive Weed Mapping Forms Appendix A Clipboard GPS Unit
28. ability Write down the questions you don t know the answer to Refer them to a contact for herbicide questions No Can you tell me what you are concerned about Try to answer their concerns and or ask if they are willing to pull or mow the pepperweed on their land or would be open to volunteers pulling on it Take this opportunity to help educate landowners rather than confront Thank you very much 49 Sample Phone Dialogue Hi My name is and I m working with in an effort to control an invasive species in the region called perennial pepperweed We have been mapping in your neighborhood and believe there is pepperweed growing on or near your property Have you heard of perennial pepperweed Wait for a response The pepperweed is a problem not only in our salt marshes but also in agricultural land It is thought to be toxic to horses This plant is a particularly difficult invader as the seeds are spread by the tides so it can be found hundreds of yards from an original patch We are particularly concerned about pepperweed in your neighborhood because Look at a map and be prepared with a reason We are working to control pepperweed and are looking for your help We have gone to the conservation commission in Name of their town here and have gotten permission to treat the pepperweed We have their permission to proceed as long as we have landowner permission Vm calling today to ask you and your neighbors for perm
29. abutters for your project You will be asked to present your request at a Conservation Commission public hearing and hopefully a determination can be made at that time The Commission may issue a continuance if more information is required Usually an RDA will allow three years of work ona site It can often be renewed with another request to the Commission See Appendix B for a completed RDA Permitting Form Example An alternative to the RDA is a Notice of Intent NOI The Commission may feel that this higher level of permitting applies to the project You must fill out MA DEP WPA Form 3 for an NOI In addition to the requirements for an RDA the NOI will require identification and notification of abutters to the properties where work will occur It also requires an Order of Condition with a 75 fee be attached to the landowner s deed This assures that the work will be completed and environmental safeguards will be met NOls usually permit the work to be completed within 10 years Whether you submit an RDA or NOI it is a good idea to notify landowners in advance of the public hearing so they can be involved in the process ask questions and show their support for the project 19 In several towns on the North Shore we have been able to get Town wide or Area wide permission from the Conservation Commission For this type of permission we are able to designate an area where pepperweed may grow and get permission from the Commission to treat p
30. ance of a couple hundred meters using your binoculars to train your team s eyes to the search image you are looking for If possible view pepperweed in different stages in blossom and gone to seed since you will be looking for it in all of its forms and colors Scan along the upland edge of the salt marsh or shoreline looking for pepperweed If you are in a brackish or freshwater system also scan along the creek banks 4 Kayak or Canoe Mapping Kayaking or canoeing may allow you to access points that are inaccessible via powerboat On high spring tides you may be able to actually go across a salt marsh and not be confined to the creeks In areas with lots of docks and marinas you may be able to fit underneath ramps to the floats and view the shoreline in places a boat could not access Some kayak rental groups may donate their kayaks and this may be used for match in grants To ensure better accuracy Bring a map of the area you are covering and a red pen When you map points from a boat that you have discovered through binocular viewing you may be hundreds of meters away from the waypoint you are recording on the GPS Draw on the map the spot you are recording When you download these data points from your GPS unit they will probably show up in the middle of the water Remember to edit these points by dragging them to the shore where you saw them and note the new coordinates Record this more accurate waypoint on a new data sheet Pay
31. ata Management with GIS Pepperweed stand location information can come into your office in many ways latitude and longitude coordinates hand drawn location on maps or aerial photographs KML files exported from Google Earth shapefiles sent from other GIS users or verbal descriptions from on the ground mappers However you receive the locations is very useful to keep all the data in one place like a GIS shapefile or Geo database Helpful information to keep track of in the Attributes Table along with actual stand location includes e Point Identification Code e Approximate stand size m e Town where stand is found e Nearest road or other general location identification e Person s doing the mapping e Year mapped e Treatment for each year e Other comments site considerations The Office of Geographical Information MassGIS webpage http www mass gov mgis is a great source of base layer information including topographical maps aerial imagery landowner and parcel information and town boundaries This information is available for free and can usually be downloaded directly from their website The Assessors Parcels layer available from the MassGIS webpage is very useful for managing information about landowner permissions This layer is available for many but not all towns in Massachusetts By adding your Pepperweed locations layer to the Assessors Parcel layer you can generate a list of which landowners you need to conta
32. attention to Note the area that you covered when mapping Note what areas you cannot see from a boat and will need to go back on foot If you think something is pepperweed but are not sure you may want to land and get out of the boat to check it out or revisit the area ata later date on foot Note where No Trespassing signs are posted You will need to get permission to walk these areas on foot If you think you see pepperweed ask your partner s in the boat to confirm the spot you are viewing More eyes will lead to better accuracy 14 Figure 12 Is that brown stuff pepperweed Take a look in your binoculars You might want to go ashore to find out This spot in Gloucester was confirmed in the summer of 2010 15 Mapping Pepperweed Dos and Don ts Please remember that much of our region s salt marshes are private property Don ts 1 When mapping pepperweed make sure that you are not walking onto land marked no trespassing unless you have permission from the owner or caretaker of the land DO s 1 It is better that you are mapping with a partner to ensure your safety in the marsh 2 If possible bring a cell phone GPS unit and camera 3 Wear your name tag and uniform that identifies you as a your organization representative If you are working with other volunteers encourage them to dress in a way that encourages trust Perennial Pepperweed t shirts might be an option 4 Carry the
33. c Name your Placemark d Click on Style Color tab and change the icon size to 5 If it is a spot marking where no pepperweed is change the color to green e Click ok to lock the point in place 2 To do this visually a Click on the thumbtack icon b Drag the thumbtack to the desired location c Click OK Drawing Lines Connect Points by hand When mapping large infestations of pepperweed we often mark the beginning and end points of a patch The pepperweed typically grows along the upper edge of a marsh To indicate a line on the marsh we draw a double pointed arrow between the two points When you are editing your downloaded data please do the following Google Earth File Edit View Tools Add Help vw Search g ROSS Ie P ae IG B JAE Figure 8 Line icon 1 Click on the line icon Figure 8 2 If it is a short straight line click near the first thumbtack and then click again at the second thumbtack 3 Click on Style and Color Change the Color to match the color of the thumbtacks Yellow for pepperweed green for no pepperweed 4 Change the width of the line to 3 or 5 depending on how wide the patch of pepperweed is We want the line to be visible when we zoom out If the line is long and not straight click several times along the path 5 that the pepperweed follows Figure 9 Lines drawn on map Figure 9 Then make color and size changes as indicated above 6 Optiona
34. ch I my child appear s This is a full release of all claims whatsoever or my heirs executors administrators or assigns now or hereafter have against Your organization or its employees as regards any use that may be made by them of said photographic reproductions films video audio tapes world wide web based pages or direct transmission of television signals understand that it is the purpose of Your organization to use the material in a legitimate manner and for educational or charitable purposes that are not intended to cause any harm or undue embarrassment have read this entire document and understand its contents and willingly agree to the above conditions Name Signature Name Signature Please Print Please Print 60 Appendix D Outreach and Planning Materials Perennial Pepperweed and Herbicide Frequently Asked Questions ees se Ee RA AR ER Re Pepperweed Timetable Perennial Pepperwe d IDSh et is Be Es ee A Ee Ee eed EER Gee os oe Ge estas ede se ge ee DER ER dees 61 1 62 Perennial Pepperweed and Herbicide Frequently Asked Questions What is Pepperweed and why is it a problem Perennial Pepperweed Lepidium latifolium is a non native invasive species It is invading New England salt marshes and spreading rapidly Pepperweed does not have any checks on its growth in its new environment so it is spreading quickly in the salt marsh ecosystem
35. ct for permission By adding additional columns to the Assessors Parcel Attributes Table you can track landowner response to your request for permission to treat http en wikipedia org wiki Geographic_information_system Accessed Feb 22 2011 17 Integrating Google Earth and GIS data A very useful tool is the Export Import Data to from KML tool available through XTools Pro Similar tools may be available from other sources This tool enables you to share data with users of Google Earth Google Earth is a free program which is available on the web www google com earth Since not all offices and people involved in pepperweed mapping and control have access to GIS programs and tools sharing information back and forth through Google Earth and a GIS system helps work through this hurdle 18 Permitting for Pepperweed Removal Under the Massachusetts Wetland Protection Act WPA the Commonwealth of Massachusetts regulates all impacts to wetlands If your pepperweed control project is within a wetland you must talk to the Conservation Agent in the town to find out how to proceed Wetlands include ponds streams salt marshes coastal banks tidal zones and many other habitats Impacts which are regulated include paving planting building and vegetation clearing Since pepperweed control involves removing vegetation usually from a wetland habitat the WPA and its regulation apply The Commonwealth delegates permitting authority to
36. d Zoom in closer to read the parcel numbers In pencil record parcel numbers on your printed map Look up parcels on line 1 Click on property assessments 2 Type in the parcel number You can also look up landowners name if you type in the address 3 Record name and address of the landowner on your printed map Transfer this information to your electronic map a Copy the map into PowerPoint Click on Print screen on your computer and open up PowerPoint and click on Paste Click on Picture Tools and crop your photo b Click on Insert Text Box and type in large font the parcel number on top of the image in PowerPoint In large font 18 or more record parcel number landowner and address c To keep these labels together with the image click on each label hold down the control button to click on more and click on the map image then click on picture tools and click on group d Color code your map drawing on where pepperweed infestations have been mapped Yellow is pepperweed Green clear of pepperweed Look up landowner phone numbers You may be able to do this on line To try it out go to http www whitepages com and type in the name and town of the person you are looking up Keep track of landowner phone numbers in an excel file If you have space record the phone number on your map s c Keeping Track of Landowner Permissions 1 Create an excel file to keep track of all of this in
37. d on the label For Escort it is 4 hours 25 Getting Landowner Permissions You will need landowner permission to treat pepperweed If possible map pepperweed in late summer fall winter and spring and begin working to get landowner permission before the treatment season in June and July If a property is marked with no trespassing signs be sure to get landowner permission first to map the area We have found that in the Great Marsh Region citizens are generally aware about the problem of invasive species and are grateful that we are working to solve the problem Most conservation commissions we have worked with ask for signed permission letters We have been successful in some towns in getting blanket permission to treat pepperweed from the conservation commission This is the most efficient way of staying ahead of a rapidly spreading invasive species Knowing that pepperweed can spread 200 meters or more along the upland edge of a salt marsh in just one season It is a good idea to ask permission not only for the areas currently infested with pepperweed but also neighboring properties We have done mailings phone calling and face to face discussions to obtain permission There are advantages and disadvantages to each of these Assess your priorities and time availability to help you decide how to proceed A combination phone call with letter or email follow up may be most time effective Note whether property owners own more than one
38. ding rapidly in Massachusetts and Connecticut In New England infestations of Lepidium latifolium are mainly found near the coast and on coastal islands Stands often occur at the upper edges of salt marshes above the high tide line frequently forming dense stands It also occurs along highways where it grows in disturbed areas near roads In 2006 pepperweed was confirmed in New Hampshire Pepperweed is classified as a noxious invasive weed in 15 states including Massachusetts and Connecticut Without the natural checks on its growth which exist for pepperweed in its native habitat the plant has been growing and spreading at an alarming pace in the United States Pepperweed has the potential to encroach on native plant communities and reduce fish and wildlife habitat A patch of pepperweed can grow into a dense monoculture stand after only a few seasons These stands are thick enough to shut out all light to the soil beneath them and dominate water and nutrient supplies which prevents the growth of native species Pepperweed stands compete against native salt marsh vegetation Perennial pepperweed is able to spread both vegetatively by rhizomes and by seed The root structure of pepperweed is extensive penetrating at least 60 cm into the soil Root fragments as small as 2 5 cm are able to re sprout and grow into multi stemmed plants Pepperweed is a prolific producer of seeds which can float though water ways and distribute on the marsh surface Beg
39. e plant problem in the western United States In the east it has recently become established in coastal marshes in Massachusetts from northern Plymouth County to New Hampshire A number of populations have been found mland along highways Perennial pepperweed can alter soil conditions in a manner that enhances its ability to outcompete and displace native plants and can spread by means of both seeds and root fragments Photo Steve Dewey Utah State University What to do Ti ni a pig erwe pe ee weed shown m the images on this page If found immediately report the to Lou Wagner Mass Audubon Regional Scientist at 978 927 1122 Extension 2705 or lwagner Gmassaudubon org Photo ote Elleg Me Harte Perennial pepperweed can form dense stands that displace native plants most commonly at the upper edges of coastal wetlands FEITLULUAL FEPPELWETU Marsh Elder Lepidium latifolium Iva frutescens High Tide Bush Herbaceous perenmal plant dead stems remain from past years growth Leaves are alternate Leaves entire smooth or weakly serrate toothed Plant remains as a rosette for several weeks before stem grows Common Plantain Plantain has long parallel Plantago major veins apd a trough like stem spe Pepper cede ws EN 1
40. each town and its Conservation Commissions Towns also have their own bylaws to protect wetland resources Hopefully this chapter will help you get started in the permitting process for a pepperweed removal project The best first step in this process is to talk to the town s Conservation Agent This person can usually be identified through the town s website or a call to the town offices Explain the project goals and methods to the Agent for his or her recommendation on navigating the permitting process in that town Size scope location and methods i e mechanical versus chemical control will factor into the permitting path the Agent deems appropriate Often you will submit a Request for Determination of Applicability RDA to the Commission This document asks the Commission to determine that the rules of the WPA do not apply to the control of pepperweed or other invasive species The rationale is that removing invasive plants will inprove and restore the wetland habitat and function Also the work will be gentle on the habitat and not harm landscape features The RDA requires filling out MA DEP WPA Form 1 and submitting maps of the area affected landowner permission and any other supplemental information you think is important to describe your project Some towns require notification of abutters within one hundred feet of the property boundary line other towns do not If necessary the Assessor s Office in town can generate an official list of
41. ed may be harvested and spread to new locations as people harvest and transport salt marsh hay Table 1 Estimated pepperweed spread rates EA a Figure 4 1 mile year spread rate lt Figure 3 200 Meters Year spread rate in Rowley In rapid currents pepperweed can spread dramatically Approximately 1 mile year spread rate was noticed along the Merrimack River As tidal waters flow upstream in the Merrimack River pepperweed has spread inland with it Pepperweed was first spotted at Joppa Flats in Newburyport in 2001 It was found 3 8 miles upstream four years later Duff E B 2010 Perennial Pepperweed Lepidium latifolum Plan of Attack Wenham MA Prioritizing Pepperweed Treatment If your region is infested with pepperweed and you are choosing to battle it you will need to make choices about which sites you will treat and what method of control you will use No matter what method you use if pepperweed is growing in a wetland area you must get permission from the conservation commission in order to reduce it Time to treat 5 hours 10 hours 1000 square foot patch of pepperweed Preventing spread Effectively removes Effectively removes seeds and plant parts from of pepperweed seeds and plant parts the environment from the environment Also kills roots which may prevent resprout Reducing Significantly reduces In wetland habitats repeated pulling of shoots Controlling peppe
42. eed Disposal Methods If fresh pepperweed stems are left on the soil they can re root and re sprout Use one of these techniques and say goodbye to pepperweed forever o Dispose to city dumpsters where you know the city will transfer the pepperweed to an incinerator o Dry pepperweed for 5 7 days in the sun or open air ex driveway or parking lot Now the stems are good and dead and can be burned or composted Orth et al 2006 o One month in a garbage bag You can put the Pepperweed ina thick garbage bag and leave it to rot for at least 1 month The Pepperweed will be dead when it is slimy or partially decomposed Perron 2008 References Perron C 2008 Best Management Practices for Roadside Invasive Plants New Hampshire Department of Transportation http www nh gov dot bureaus environment documents htm Orth J F Gammon M Abdul Basir F Stevenson R D Tsirelson D Ebersole J et al 2006 Natural history distribution and management of Lepidium latifolium brassicaceae in New England Rhodora 108 934 103 118 59 Photo Release Form Date Group Consent for Photography Filming Video Audio Taping World Wide Web amp Televising I hereby give to Your organization my assent for photographing filming video audio taping use on the world wide web based pages and or direct transmission of television signals and release to Your organization all rights of any kind included in any media products in whi
43. epperweed where and when we find it Treatment is pending permission from the landowner and either notification to the Agent before treatment or a report at the end of the year See Appendix B for materials such as sample dialogues cover letters and permission form for gaining landowner permissions This type of permitting is very helpful for controlling invasive species because it can be difficult to inventory an entire town before treatment season begins or the plant can spread quickly My personal experience with Conservation Agents and Commissions has been very good and fruitful In 5 of the 6 towns I approached I obtained RDAs for mechanical and chemical pepperweed control In the sixth town the Commission granted written permission for the work without formal application paperwork The Commissions have been supportive and welcoming of the concept of combating invasives in their jurisdiction As each town is unique and independent do discuss your plans with the Agent to develop a roadmap for your permit Janson S 2011 Interview 20 Pulling Pepperweed How To s a Introduction Pulling pepperweed is a great feel good activity that is perfectly timed with the end of the school year Students have finished their MCAS testing and are aching to be outside Teachers are looking for a hands on project that will keep their students busy Many schools are involved in pulling pepperweed and have made it an annual June event Follow
44. fly Estimate patch size ftx ft or yd x yd meter x meter or radius How dense is the pepperweed A lt 25 B 25 50 C 50 75 or D 75 100 Estimate how much pepperweed is present A a garbage bagful B a few bagfuls C a truckload D 2 3 truckloads E many truckloads Notes Any other invasives present Percent confidence that the patch is pepperweed 39 Mapping on Computer Instructions EXAMPLE your equipment may differ Introduction Once you have collected data points in the field transferring them to a map will help communication and planning If you are using a Garmin GPS unit the following instructions will assist you in downloading your points and transferring them onto an electronic map The programs involved are fairly user friendly and are free They include DNR Garmin and Google Earth These instructions will explain the following procedures needed to use Google Earth to map data gathered on GPS units and by hand Instructions include how to 1 Download points from Garmin GPS units using the DNR Garmin program 2 Transfer points to Google Earth 3 Edit the appearance of your points and create paths and areas 4 Organize share and save your work 1 Downloading Points onto your computer The fastest way to transfer points from a GPS unit to your computer is to download them Current models of GPS units work with USB cables but need another program to allow the transfer of information
45. formation sample format below 27 2 Update your excel file and maps as permissions come in Suggested color code Green ok to pull and use herbicide Orange Pull Only Red Do not treat 3 Assess your progress Use the maps and excel files to assess what additional permissions you need and what areas you are cleared for treatment Share this information with your teammates and strategize your plan for attack Color Code Green is Responses yes for all Region Assign if multiple Owner s regions in Mailing Owner Site weed Permission town Address Phone Address Date Comments Call before P O Box coming 00 They want Ipswich to put dogs MA 01938 Ipswich 3 15 2008 inside Table 2 Things to include Parcel Maps If you have access to GIS you may be able to get parcel maps for some towns This can help sort out whose property pepperweed is growing on You can click on each parcel and find out the parcel number and street address With this information you can look up the owners name on line Suggestion Get permission from property owners between infestations and at least 200 meters upstream and downstream of current infestations Pepperweed spreads rapidly It is better to get advance permission and not need it than need permission and not have it We have seen pepperweed spread up to a mile in a year in rapidly flowing currents In places like this particularly ad
46. g Treatment EE Nera ee ED De RE AE 30 Outreach Ed ER N NE ER EE EE EE AE 31 Appendix A Mapping Tools 33 Using a GARMIN Etrex Global Positioning System GPS Unit ese se ees se ee AR ee AE AR AA ER ee 34 Foot Mapping Materials Checker 36 Boat Mapping Materials Checklist ies se se AE Ee RA AA EE Ee ed AA GR Ee Re de ee AR ee ee ee 37 Invasive Weed Mapping Form prseter se ees ees es se Ee de ee AE Ge ede AA ee i ede ee ee ee Ee RA ee AR ee ee ee ee 38 Mapping on Computer Instructions ss se se se ee EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE GE EE EE GE EE EE ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 40 Appendix B Permits and Landowner Permission Materialie 48 Sample Face to Face Permission Dialogue 49 Sample Phon Didlog de RE EE ES SE GR eee eee 50 Permission Letter Conservation Commission Permission Received ees se ee se ee AR RA ER ee 51 Permission Letter Conservation Commission Permission Pending 52 Permission sel ER EE EE EE NE EE EEN 53 RDA Permitting Form Example iss ees ees es se Ee AA EE Ee RA AA Ee ede ee ee ee Ee RA ee ee ee ee ee 54 Appendix C Pulling Mat rials ees EE ER EE SE Ne Eg ee A EE De Ke SE Se Ee ee ee es the be Ge ee eg ee ee ee ea 58 Tips for Pulling Pepperweed is se ee ani AA EA AE GR RA AA AA EE Ee e e ee EE Ee Re AA ee Ee AA ee ee ee 59 Ph to Rele se FOrM RO EE OE OE EE EE ER aeaa 60 Appendix D Outreach and Planning MaterialS sesse se Ee AA EA Re ee AA ER Ee Re ee ee ee Ee Ee AA ee ee ee 6
47. go down with one click which actually takes you to the top immediately Click and you will get letters and numbers This is where you type in a code for the site you are recording If you are just starting out in the year 2011 and there is no pepperweed present record ANP111 A is the letter you will use on your first day mapping NP stands for No pepperweed 1 is the first no pepperweed found 11 represents the year 2011 When you start typing letters the numbers disappear to get them back click on the upward facing arrow just above the letters x and y Once you have typed in your code click on ok To save your waypoint Toggle down and click on ok once more or your point will not be saved 14 Walk along the upland edge of the marsh looking for pepperweed If you started at a point where no pepperweed was found you can indicate later on a map there was no pepperweed by drawing a green line from your starting point to the place where you first encounter pepperweed 15 If you find a small patch of pepperweed mark it with one point 16 If you find a large patch of pepper weed mark the beginning point fill in the rest of the data and then walk to the end of the patch and mark the end point On your data sheet draw a double headed arrow between the two data points to indicate they are connected and are one large patch Location F Deseription Er Dimensions Density How pr
48. hoto release forms signed for their school trips Remind teachers to bring first aid kits cell phone and any medicine inhalers or epipens their students may need c Document before and after Conditions Choose some easy to replicate locations to take photo shots from before and after pulling Set up wooden stakes or use other recognizable landmarks Document these locations with a GPS unit Return to these sites monthly d Demonstrating effective pulling techniques Make sure you demonstrate to your volunteers how to recognize pepperweed including rosettes and how to distinguish it from other plants Review the tips for pulling pepperweed with your group Show them how to pull slowly from the base to get as much root out as possible Figure 12 Ask for certain volunteers to be the clean up crew adept at recognizing even the rosettes and willing to pull them out e Ensuring proper bagging and disposal Volunteers will follow your lead so make sure you demonstrate do not overfill the bags Make sure bags are double knotted at the top so nothing escapes Figure 14 Double bag if you see stems have poked holes in your bags Make sure all bags are removed from the site and disposed of properly f Tips for Pulling Pepperweed Share the Tips for Pulling Pepperweed Appendix C flier with your volunteers g Sample Photo Release form Have adult volunteers sign the Photo Release Form Appendix C 21 Figure 12 Pul
49. il 42 Gallon bags Do not use flimsy small bags You risk spreading pepperweed Photo release forms if you have a group pulling Pull between June and August By June Pepperweed will be tall enough to pull After August Pepperweed goes to seed and we don t want to make the problem worse by spreading mature seeds around the landscape o Pull slowly and smoothly from the base of the plant This prevents stems from breaking and leaving lots of root in the ground It can help to bunch all the stems of a large plant together and pull all at once o Remove as much root as possible This will deplete pepperweed s nutrient and energy store significantly reducing its ability to resprout this year or next Roots can reach up to 2 feet underground Even though we probably can t get it all out the more we remove the better o Disturb the soil as little as possible Keep the native plant community intact so they can take over the empty space Disturbed soil is an invitation for invasive plants to move in o Pull out the rosettes too Learn to identify all stages of pepperweed growth and remove every pepperweed plant you see o Repull and double check Deal a double blow a few weeks later in the summer by pulling out any stragglers or resprouting stems Pull the same site next summer too Research in New England shows that two summers with two pulls each significantly reduces or even eliminates pepperweed at a site Orth et al 2006 Safe Pepperw
50. inning in June and July pepperweed produces white four petalled flowers which grow in dense clusters Figure 1 During winter months seeds typically drop and pale stems taper to a fine tip Figure 2 Figure 1 Perennial pepperweed in bloom Figure 2 Winter pepperweed Means of Spread and Spread Rates As an invasive species pepperweed is of particular concern because it can spread quite rapidly Pepperweed can spread through seed and root fragments as well as vegetatively While it can spread vegetatively only a few meters its seeds are transported in the tides Based on our mapping efforts we have been able to calculate the spread rates In a typical salt marsh it can spread 200 meters per year Figure 3 This typically occurs along the upland edge of a marsh In areas adjacent to rapidly flowing rivers it has been seen to spread close to a mile per year In low salinity regions pepperweed can be found along creek banks as well as along the upland edge Harvest of salt marsh hay in this region also creates the potential for human caused transport for hundreds or thousands of miles 2 3 meters Vegetative spread froma per year patch of pepperweed Forman Orth 2005 200 meters Spread rate of pepperweed per year seed along the upper edge of a salt marsh 1 mile per Spread upstream in rapidly year per year incoming tides in a river Tens Hundreds and thousands of miles Pepperwe
51. ission The outbreak in your area is very large The most effective means to control it is to use herbicide Would you be willing to grant permission to herbicide treatment Responses Yes Great I can send you a permission letter via email right now Can you give me your email address Please fax a signed copy Or mail to Questions Answer them to the best of your ability Write down the answers you don t know the answer to No Can you tell me what you are concerned about Try to answer their concerns and or ask if they are willing to pull or mow the pepperweed on their land or would be open to volunteers pulling on it Thank you very much Please tailor this to each region Example Controlling pepperweed on Eagle Hill Road will help prevent spread to other sites in Plum Island Sound 50 Permission Letter Conservation Commission Permission Received Edit and Copy this onto your letterhead Dear Landowner My name is and I am an title for Your organization Your organization or partnership has initiated an effort to map and control perennial pepperweed a non native invasive plant in Your region The goal of the Perennial Pepperweed Program is to control the spread and possibly eradicate pepperweed in Your region During surveys in year s we noticed pepperweed growing in the salt marsh and road sides on or near your property We believe controlling pepperweed in this area key to stopping the
52. its memory Google Earth File Edit View Tools Add Help w Search g K gt Oase 8 IE RE am FlyTo Find Businesses Directions d m PEER aa og Ae q Fly to e g 1600 Pennsylvania Ave 20006 RAE d EG Des11 Ia gt ech EE d 15PEPS 6Bsal Sie 20517408 v Places a He My Places zm oor 24 MAY 10 11 44 55AM M 02 24 MAY 10 11 48 39AM Kl 003 24 MAY 10 12 08 00PM 235Gp A 10Pullgp 10Gppull 24 MAY 10 12 08 05PM sso Sirs SPR MOND Dag PR Wz oos M 108ypepp v og Pas Figure 72 Google Earth Zoomed in to regions mapped 3 Edit the appearance of your points and create paths and areas 44 Resizing Thumbtacks You may want to change the size of the thumbtacks if they are taking up too much space visually To do this Right click on a thumb tack and scroll down to Properties Click on the Style Color tab and change the Icon Scale to 5 b Changing Color of Thumbtacks You may also change the color of the tack We suggest you change the thumbtacks to green to indicate spots where no pepperweed is growing The colors they offer do not all work Experiment to see what is visually useful Enter points by hand on Google Earth If some of your points are not downloaded to Google Earth enter them in by hand 1 To do this if you know the coordinates a Click on the thumbtack icon b Type in the Latitude and Longitude in decimal degrees
53. jacent to clear areas you may want a much wider window of permission Electronic Layers can help you figure out where pepperweed is and who owns the land HER OGE EI 4 SCH j J Pie Le CN SPERmo 4 pepm OS Figure 15 Google Earth with yellow i d thumbtacks showing pepperweed and green Figure 16 GIS parcel maps overlaid with polygon of clear area mapped pepperweed 28 MAP ID 89 2 SITE ADDR 395 Main St TOWN ID 7 ACRES 0 099113 SHAPE AREA 401 096 SHAPE LEN 83 7283 Figure 17 Click on a parcel to find out parcel number and address Figure 18 combines parcels with an aerial view The numbers were added in PowerPoint and color coding done with WordArt Next priority would be to contact the property owners at 439 Main Street to ask for permission and to contact all the other blue households to ask permission in case pepperweed has spread since last year 29 Coordinating Treatment If you have multiple people treating pepperweed mechanically or chemically be sure to coordinate your efforts It can be disenheartening to drive an hour to treat a site only to find it was pulled the week before In the days immediately following an herbicide application one cannot tell whether or not a site has previously been sprayed We suggest Group individual sites into regions Assign regions to individuals or groups who will be responsible for treating them Utilize mapping tools
54. k Sprayer Hand operated backpack sprayers can be purchased for between 80 and 200 The more expensive ones are recommended if frequent use is expected as they are more durable and reliable Escort 200 16 oz One bottle lasted us years This herbicide is for use above the mean high tide line Induce surfactant 36 gallon also lasts a long time Total Equipment Cost about 865 Total Chemical Cost 236 Personal gear while spraying Long sleeved shirts long pants hat boots sturdy shoes 24 Documentation Record Keeping and Signage Some form of monitoring or documenting the effectiveness of herbicide treatments is needed to assess the success of pepperweed control projects Monitoring and documentation can range from relatively simple protocols such as digital camera images of the pepperweed stand before and after treatment to more intensive monitoring involving the establishment of monitoring plots and the recording of detailed information on the species present within the plots the percent cover of each species or class of species and the relative vigor of various species within the plots For most perennial pepperweed control digital images taken before the herbicide treatment and the following growing season along with an estimate of the size of the pepperweed stand will be sufficient Several records of pepperweed control efforts should be maintained These should include records of work performed the date of pr
55. l Once you have the line in place you can put one tack in the Kai midpoint of the line to be a marker for the patch and remove the two endpoints This allows you to count that as one patch rather than more than one 45 7 If your patch is a polygon rather than a line you can use the polygon tool to indicate its location You can also use the polygon tool to indicate areas that you have mapped that are free of pepperweed Click on the polygon tool and then click a series of points to outline the area and click OK Google Earth File Edit View Tools Add Help v Search EI K 79 gt S S O SIE RE ea AR Se Figure 3 Polygon icon The green area below is clear of pepperweed as of 2010 Figure 11 PPMABE3 Untitled Placemark PPTWPS1 FE GAME Figure 4 Green polygon and green lines were clear of pepperweed in 2010 4 Organize share and save your work a Organize Make a folder by right clicking on My Places and then Add and Folder left click Give the folder a name This might be the town or region you mapped in and the date Be sure the Allow this folder to be expanded is checked You could put the mapper name in the description if you like b Save Drag and drop all of the points lines and polygons into that folder Drag the points to a space below the desired folder The folder will not be highlighted but you can check to see if the point is there by opening the fo
56. l as much root as possible Figure 13 Use 3 mil contractor grade garbage Figure 14 Make sure herci is no way for pepperweed to escape from the bags Double bag if stems poke through the first bag Herbicide Overview Introduction Herbicides are a class of pesticides used to kill plants They are an effective tool for the control of perennial pepperweed However care must be taken to ensure that the proper herbicides are used and that they are used in a safe and effective manner When not used properly herbicides may cause environmental harm and pose a health and safety threat to the person applying the herbicides and the general public Herbicides are regulated at the federal and state level and may be regulated by municipalities In Massachusetts you must be licensed as a pesticide applicator in order to apply pesticides on land you do not own Licensing requires passing an exam and demonstrating proof of liability insurance Licensed pesticide applicators are required to report all pesticide use each year to the Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources and must renew their applicators license annually Full information on licensing and Massachusetts pesticide laws and regulations can be found at the Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture website at http www mass gov agr pesticides index htm In Massachusetts the application of herbicides in or near wetlands requires review and approval by the municipal conservati
57. lder click and noticing that the points have been indented 46 If you have more than one person working on this save this in a shared folder and then delete from My Places on your own computer Warning When we had the file saved in more than one place we ran into the problem of having multiple thumbtacks representing the same place Always save the master copy under the same name on your own computer c Delete or move points out of folders 1 To delete click on the item listed under My Places that you wish to delete Right click and choose delete from the drop down menu 2 Too move click on the item in the folder and drag it to the area below the desired folder d Share If you are working in partnership with others Email that folder to the lead to make sure you have your work in more than one place To do so right click on the folder that all of your points are in and drag and click on email Hopefully you have outlook or gmail as those are the two choices they give you Click on the type of email you have and type in the email address you choose Click send and it is on its way 47 48 Appendix B Permits and Landowner Permission Materials Sample Face to Face Permission Dialogue 49 Sample Phon Dialogue ss EE EE Ge kes erten eee 50 Permission Letter Conservation Commission Permission Received iis ese se ee Ee Ee ee 51 Permission Letter Conservation Commission Permission Pending 52
58. lites The more satellites it acquires the more accurate it will be Click on the top button on the right side until you can see a menu page that includes Satellite The button on the front of the GPS unit acts like a joy stick Click on Satellite and you will read at the top Location ft That number represents how accurate the GPS unit is reading The more satellites you acquire the lower this number will be Ideally your number will be lower than 20 feet To the right of this you will see the coordinates for your position If it is reading in decimal degrees your number will be in this formation N42 67639 W070 81796 If your GPS unit is not reading in that formation known as decimal degrees toggle back to the menu screen and click on Setup and then click on Units and where it says Position Format make sure it reads hddd dddd If your GPS unit is more accurate than a Garmin there may be more decimal points That is fine Decimal degrees is the easiest format to write down and type in lt is also the format that the Citizen Science Website CitSci org uses On your data sheet record Accuracy and the number of feet shown on your GPS unit Record your coordinates Toggle back to the screen with a menu and use the joy stick button on the front to go to and click on Mark Toggle to the top of the screen Your curser will be at the bottom so the easiest way to do this is to
59. ng point fill in the rest of the data and then walk to the end of the patch and mark the end point On your data sheet draw a double headed arrow between the two data points to indicate they are connected and are one large patch Table 4 19 feet Need P11 N 42 68736 z ee c Island Hard 50mx1m permissio 100 1 W 70 8009 to access nto access cP21 N 42 68763 Same as 15 f Ditt N 100 TI 1 W 70 79994 ZER above ER Table 4 Mapping form with double headed arrow 4 When you return from the field download your data points to a digital map See Appendix A Mapping on Computer Instructions for details for downloading points from Garmin eTrex Legend GPS units and using Google Earth to communicate your findings Be sure to compare your data sheet to your downloaded points to make sure all data has been transferred e Methods of M apping 1 By Car Using a map find the areas in a town where roads cross or are adjacent to salt marsh Drive to these places looking for pepperweed Slow down or stop in areas where you see marsh elder This plant grows in the same conditions that pepperweed is found Bring binoculars GPS unit Data Sheet and a map to record what you find Scan along the upland edge of a marsh Remember safety first when on the road 12 2 On Foot Mapping on foot is time consuming but can be done year round Learn to look for pepperweed in all of its stages and
60. oject control activities and detailed information on herbicide applications including the name of the product applied the EPA registration number and the amount of the herbicide used the method and date of application and weather conditions at the time of application Signage may be needed to warn the public to avoid areas where herbicides have recently been applied The pesticide label includes information on how long entry to an area treated with herbicides should be avoided There are specific requirements for signage and notification when pesticide applications are made in certain areas such as schools and child care centers Herbicide applicators should consult the Massachusetts pesticide regulations which can be viewed at http www mass gov agr pesticides index htm Timing There is a small seasonal window of opportunity for treating pepperweed Herbicide is most effective when the plants are in bloom It is important to treat before plants have gone to seed In Massachusetts this is typically late June early July This timing varies from year to year and also from site to site Well drained sites seem to blossom and go to seed earlier than more flooded ones Check herbicide labels regarding the window of time to leave before and after rain events This is typically at least 4 6 hours Spray when leaves are dry Wait until dew has dried and avoid spraying if thunderstorms are predicted Reentry to the site for people and animals is liste
61. on commission under the Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act Review by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection may also be necessary Anyone proposing the use of herbicides in or near wetlands should contact their local conservation commission to determine permitting requirements Permitting requirements may vary depending on the size and scope of the proposed project Pesticide applications in areas where rare threatened or endangered species are known or believed to be present will require review by the Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program Not all herbicides are licensed for use in wetlands To be used in wetlands herbicides must be registered for aquatic use by the U S Environmental Protection Agency and the Massachusetts Pesticide Bureau Every herbicide formulation has a label approved by the U S Environmental Protection Agency The label identifies mandatory safety precautions including necessary personal protective equipment to be worn by the herbicide applicator when making the application and restrictions on public entry into the area where the herbicide has been applied The label also specifies the manners in which the herbicide may be applied and the amount of herbicide to be used in treating various species or classes of plants Active Ingredients Active ingredients are the portion of a herbicide that kills plants The concentration of active ingredient in commercially available herbicide
62. ority for treatment 3 Work to get partners to map regions adjacent to yours Planning Tool When developing your pepperweed plan check Appendix D for a Pepperweed Timetable This timetable contains information about when pepperweed is likely to bloom and go to seed in Massachusetts It also includes suggested times to complete mapping pulling spraying and outreach activities Duff E B 2010 Perennial Pepperweed Lepidium latifolum Plan of Attack Wenham MA Field Mapping Perennial Pepperweed a Introduction Where to Look Perennial Pepperweed typically grows along the upland edge p of salt marshes Figure 5 and where beach grass grows in sandy beaches Its seeds are transported by the tides but the plant itself usually does not grow where it is flooded daily There are exceptions to this rule however In lower salinity or brackish marshes 0 15 ppt check for pepperweed along creekbanks Figure 6 It can also be found along creekbanks in tidally restricted marshes where culverts or openings under bridges are too small to allow normal tidal flow or where elevation of the creekbanks has been raised Pepperweed Figure 5 Look for pepperweed along Also look for pepperweed in the same places that the upper edge of salt marshes marsh elder Iva frutescens grows Pepperweed dies back each year and leaves a standing dead stalk that IN can be recognized even in the winter time Figure 7 This allows mapping
63. pepperweed free is as important as recording where you have found it b Mapping Preparation Materials 1 Check a tide chart to find out what the tides will be Plan on boat mapping between 2 5 hours before high tide and 2 5 hours after the high tide to have the best visibility above the marsh platform and the most water to travel in For drier mapping and better passage plan on foot mapping around the hours of a low tide Mapping from the car can be done at any tide other than a marsh flooding tide You can look up tides in your region online at http www boatma com tides 2 Optional Take a look on Google Earth to view the area that you plan to map You can use the measuring tool to get a sense of how many miles you may go to estimate how long it will take to walk an area 3 If possible line up other people to map with you If you have more than one car you may be able to park at the beginning and end and not have to backtrack Be sure you bring both sets of car keys with you If you are alone look for sections where you can do a loop and end back where you started Notice whether or not No Trespassing signs are posted and call the landowner to ask permission if you see signs 9 Bagwell Island Line Path Length 0 35 Miles Heading Length of the line Mouse Navigation Save Clear G EE E eeneg sshnologies P e sG Ogle lt S ok Be Imagery Date Jun 19 2010 lat 42 700474 lon 70 820444 elev Eye
64. pperweed control area within which we will employ various techniques to eradicate Pepperweed The area is bounded by Ri 1 to the west the Parker River National Wildlife Refuge boundary to the east and the Newbury jurisdictional boundary to the south and north grows primarially in salt marshes and riparian corridors and that is the habitat in which the work will be done The landowners of the properties will be identified and their permission obtained in writing before control work begins 2 a Work Description use additional paper and or provide plan s of work if necessary Our goal is to improve wetland and salt marsh conditions by selectively targeting and removing the invasive plant Perennial Pepperweed Lepidium latifolia We do not expect any negitive impacts to the wetlands but in fact enhancement of the habitat and ecological communtiy This is part of a larger project to eradicate Perennial Pepperweed from the Great Marsh and Essex Co MA Trained staff and volunteers have and will continue to locate and record locations of Pepperweed stands in Ipswich The USFWS will keep a record of known locations treatment at the locations and efficacy of the treatment We will control Pepperweed with both mechanical and chemical control techniques Mechanical control will consist of hand pulling of the plant or seed head cutting by trained staff and volunteers Pulled plant material will be removed from the site and destroyed Chemical con
65. ram is to control the spread and possibly eradicate pepperweed in region During surveys when we noticed pepperweed growing on or near your property We believe controlling pepperweed in this area is key to stopping the spread of Pepperweed in region We have seen that pepperweed spreads quite rapidly with the tide Acting now will help protect clear land and reduce the impact in areas already exposed to pepperweed I am writing to ask your permission to treat any pepperweed which may be growing on your property We will seek permission from the Conservation Commission in town for our control plan which will use both herbicide application and hand pulling to kill and remove the plant The plan requires several years of follow up surveys and treatments to ensure full control To proceed with this plan we need your permission The permitting process may take several months to complete thus we are now working to collect permissions in preparation for the conservation commission approval Because the pepperweed in the region is at great risk of spreading we have written several grants with the hope of receiving funding to expand our control efforts in town With funding we hope to be able to treat pepperweed on your property is Please fill out the permission slip and return it to me as soon as possible Thank you for your assistance and please feel free to contact me or stop by with any questions Sincerely Your Name Your Title Yo
66. rweed 95 99 to remove much of the rhizome was effective pepperweed Needs many years of at stabilizing or eradicating whole well defined follow up work populations This treatment was most effective if continued for two or more growing seasons One site eradicated by pulling Table 2 Effectiveness Issues Consider your resources time availability potential volunteer sources landowners etc when developing your strategy for treatment After several years of working to control pepperweed we have developed the following strategies Strategies Strategy A Work to eradicate pepperweed in areas with few infestations Strategy B Work to prevent spread to pristine areas and agricultural lands Strategy C Work to control in areas of rapid spread such as along highway corridors and rivers Strategy D Work to control pepperweed on and near protected conservation lands Strategy E Use herbicide in places that are inaccessible to volunteers are heavily infested or are important to wipe out completely Forman Orth J M Gammon F Abdul Basir D Tsirelson S Stevenson S Speak R Kesseli Natural history distribution and management of Lepidium latifolium Brassicaceae in New England Rhodora108 103 118 Strategy F Pull pepperweed in patches that are accessible to volunteers are small enough to effectively pull and or have been designated pull only by landowners Setting Priorities If your region
67. termination of Scope of Alternatives for work in the DO Single family house on a lot recorded on or before 8 1 96 DO single family house on a lot recorded after 8 1 96 DO Expansion of an existing structure on a lot recorded after 8 1 96 1 Project other than a single family house or public project where the applicant owned the lot before 8 7 96 New agriculture or aquaculture project Public project where funds were appropriated prior to 8 7 26 0 Project on a lot shown on an approved definitive subdivision plan where there is a recorded deed restriction limiting total alteration of the Riverfront Area for the entire subdivision oO M EN d C District county state or federal government project Project required to evaluate off site alternatives in more than one municipality in an Environmental Impact Report under MEPA or in an altematives analysis pursuant to an application for a 404 permit from the U S Army Corps of Engineers or 401 Water Quality Certification from the Department of Environmental Protection b Provide evidence e g record of date subdivision lot was recorded supporting the classification above use additional paper and or attach appropriate documents if necessary toer soe Page Sat 4 Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Resource Protection Wetlands Newbury WPA Form 1 Request for Determination of Applicability Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act M G L c 131
68. the fastest Work to reduce it in these regions 6 If you have licensed herbicide applicators working with you set them on the densest biggest patches 7 Send volunteer pullers to patches where they can see they are making a difference It is satisfying to pull a patch completely particularly when it is adjacent to a clear area It can be overwhelming to be pulling pepperweed in a site that goes on endlessly Be sure you have landowner permission to pull Pulling Strategy In Massachusetts volunteers may typically pull pepperweed from late May through the end of June This is the season before the plant goes to seed Volunteers need to pull at safely accessible sites preferably where they can see their efforts are making a difference Pulling may control pepperweed at low density sites as well as increase the number of sites treatable by herbicide Pulled sites should be rechecked and re pulled 1 2 times in the months following the initial pulls Pulling Strategy cont d 1 Extend the herbicide treatment season by pulling at selected sites and revisiting later in the season to spray See Appendix D for a Pepperweed Timetable regarding optimal spraying time in Massachusetts 2 Pullin areas easily accessible to volunteers Pull in areas where proper disposal of materials is possible Mapping Strategy 1 Boat map or car map unmapped areas particularly those in priority areas 2 Foot map areas that are infested and are high pri
69. trol will consist of herbicide application by Massachusetts certified pesticide applicators applying wetland approved herbicides effective against Perennial Pepperweed We anticipate using Rodeo and Escort To reduce impact to non target organisms and reduce drift applicators will be trained in Pepperweed identification specifically target Pepperweed plants and apply herbicide when wind speeds are less than 15 mph and rain is not anticipated within 24 hours Applicators will strictly adhere to instruction on the herbicide label Page 2 of 4 55 Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Resource Protection Wetlands WPA Form 1 Request for Determination of Applicability Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act M G L c 131 40 C Project Description cont b Identify provisions of the Wetlands Protection Act or regulations which may exempt the applicant from having to file a Notice of Intent for all or part of the described work use additional paper if necessary Our project may be exempt from the wetland protection act s Notice of Intent requirement As states the Applicability heading contained within the Massachusetts Wetland Protection Act WPA 310 CMR 10 00 Wetlands Regulations Any consturction in or near a wetland resource including intertial and sbutidal habitat is subject to the provisions of the WPA Our project is not a construction poet gt S 3 a Ifthis application is a Request for De
70. up pulls may be done by summer campers interns or by citizen volunteers Some local businesses help coordinate community service for their staff b Preparing to pull pepperweed 1 Make sure you have the landowner s permission to pull pepperweed This is especially true for places where you are bringing a group of volunteers If you have a large group be sure to do advance scouting and preparation to ensure you have plenty of pepperweed for the group to pull during their allotted time 2 Make sure you have enough 3 mil contractor grade garbage bags for all the pepperweed you are pulling Figure 13 Flimsy bags can create new pepperweed infestations Do not make the pepperweed problem expand due to poor planning 3 Make sure you know where the pepperweed you are pulling will be disposed of Check with town officials or schools conservation groups in the town to find out if you can use their dumpster Make sure that the materials put in a dumpster will be incinerated Make sure you have a way of transporting bags of pepperweed to its disposal site 5 Do NOT put pepperweed materials in a compost Stems and roots may easily resprout You can do more harm than good this way 6 Plan to re pull sites you are pulling Set a schedule to revisit each pull site 1 2x a month for the next couple of months to repull anything that your group has missed 7 If you are working with minors such as a school group check to see whether participants have p
71. ur Address 52 Permission Form You may want to put this on your letterhead Mail or email permission slips to land owners for signatures Date owners name Give Your organization and their partners permission to control perennial pepperweed on my property using herbicides and other mechanical methods such as pulling and removing plant material Give Your organization and their partners permission to control perennial pepperweed on my property using only mechanical methods I do not approve of the use of herbicides on my property Would like more information about the perennial pepperweed Please contact me at phone email below Do not give _ Your organization permission to enter my property Signature Phone or Email Address Please return this form to Your Name Your Address 53 54 RDA Permitting Form Example Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Resource Protection Wetlands Newbury R S N EE City Town WPA Form 1 Request for Determination of Applicability Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act M G_L c 131 40 A General Information forms on the R camper use U S Fish and Wildlife Service sarah janson fws gov to move your 6 Plum Island Turnpike cursor do not Maling Address use the retum Newburyport MA 01950 key City Town State Zip Code 978 465 5753 978 465 2807 Phone Number Fax Number if applicable 2 Representative if any Da Fim
72. with contact information Often volunteer time is used as match for pepperweed control funding Keeping track of the number of volunteers and time contributed is important in this regard Record the region surveyed and any landowners that you talked to while mapping Data Page We record accuracy This is read on a Garmin GPS unit before you mark your waypoint Aim for accuracy to be less than 20 feet A citizen science website Citsci org will not accept accuracy greater than 50 meters 1 Pepperweed Patch ID is a name you give each site For simplicity s sake do the following a Keep the Patch ID short Make it easier to find the day s work when downloading your data points by giving that day s Patch ID the same unique beginning number or letter c Make sure it is easy to tell which recorded points are marking pepperweed and which are indicating that no pepperweed is present End the patch ID with the last two digits year so it is easy to tell what year it was mapped e Note whether pepperweed is present or not We use np to indicate no pepperweed is present P indicates pepperweed is present Table 3 Call for No Anp11 Lat 42 789021 GE 15 1 Long 70 813398 permissionto Pepperwe 0 0 0 100 park ed Lat 42 799311 i Phragmites 1 Ap1 9 8 p111 Long 70 813398 High traffic 4m x 8m C C present 95 Lat 42 800542 Park at boat 10m x 20 J apet Long 70 814040 ramp m e E Nons 10

Perennial Pepperweed Control Handbook

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