"Watt`s Up" Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User`s Manual
Contents
1. T E A E AEO 23 CLEANING ssrin ee 23 T12 STORAGE tebe a a ea adel tte Se ess ee 23 12 gt TROUBLESHOOTING oi sscseccs ccdsesescivcssdedvecs ccsjcastesbesbesdcssotelsevensdaeveontocssestansvasdosassesaseaccgacesessocsavere 24 13 SUPPORT avecoeseseses seu sues lev eubeuse osscseesesucesevsessesosseceveesdecsessbesttsesoes 26 14 WARRANTY 27 14 1 ONE YEAR LIMITED WARRANTY 27 142 _ LIMITS AND 5 27 14 3 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY 27 14 4 ENTIRE WARRANTY E A EEE A 27 14 5 PROCEDURE FOR WARRANTY CLAIMS AND RETURN 28 15 MEASUREMENT LOG 29 Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Introduction 1 1 1 1 2 INTRODUCTION Thank you for purchasing the Watt s Up watt meter and power analyzer We are confident you will find it to be an indispensable addition to the tools you use to make your hobby more enjoyable Your Watt s Up watt meter and power2. 11 5 3 POWER UP GCHECRUAST EN ERE EAE EEE EEE SE E E e EE eieaa 11 5 4 APPLYNG POWER A EEE N EE a a 12 5 4 1 Applying Power 5 12 5 4 2 Applying Power Problems 12 6 INFORMATION DISPLAY 13 6 1 STARTUP SGREEN eee 13 6 2 SCREEN 13 6 2 1 Current Amps A Peak 13 6 2 2 Voltage Volts V Minimum Volts 13 6 2 3 Energy Watt Ours saps sid eeu sh seven abacus e e SEEE r SENEE aS 13 6 2 4 Charge Amp hours es assented acs aes abd 13 6 2 5 Power Watts W Peak Watts 13 7 USING WAT T S UP wii 14 7 1 WHERE DO YOU CONNECT WATT S 14 7 2 MAXIMUM CURRENT CAPABILITIES heeled 14 7 3 USING A WATT METER WITH INDUCTIVE LOADS LIKE MOTORS ccccccecessesssesceeceeeceesessseeees 14 7 4 E EE EEEE aE EEE TETES 15 8 BATTERY CHARACTERIZATION sssesesesecessesocessoeescosceesceesecesecsccessocesceecessceesoecsecessesssessoessee 16 8 1 1 E ETE R E E AE
3. 0 25 V So those wires use up 0 25 V in battery voltage Our motor would receive 7 15 Volts from 7 4 Volt battery Apparently this motor consumes exactly 50 Amps at exactly 7 15 V Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Basics of Electricity 9 4 5 Power Power is measured in units of Watts A key concept Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is expended and not the amount of work done Or Power energy time The power being delivered or used in Watts is measured by the current in Amps multiplied by the voltage in Volts of the system being measured Watts Amps Volts A battery has a fixed energy capacity or amount of work it can do The rate at which it does that work or dumps that energy is its power output and that power output can be varied by the time over which the work is done For example the work or energy a battery and motor do to roll an electric car up a 30 foot hill is the same whether it takes a minute or an hour to do so The power however is 60 times greater in the second case Using the water analogy you might fill a 10 000 gallon water tank representing a fixed amount of work energy to be done in two days with a small electric water pump It would take a pump attached to a very powerful V8 gas engine with a supercharger to fill it in five minutes Both need the same energy but require very different powers The difference is the time the effort tak
4. Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Model WU100 v2 Revision 1 5 3 30 2005 Notices Copyright All rights reserved No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by an means analog digital electronic or mechanical including imaging photocopying and recording for any purpose other than the purchaser s personal use without the written permission Trademarks All other brand and product names mentioned in this manual are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners Changes The material in this manual is for information only and is subject to change without notice While reasonable efforts have been made in the preparation of this manual to ensure its accuracy assumes no liability resulting from errors or omissions in this manual or from the use of information contained herein Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 3 1 1 WHAT TE DOES Saeed sea eee 3 1 2 3 2 FEATURES AND SPECIFICATIONS scccssscsssscsssecessccssssccssscesscesesscccssccessscesssccssscssssssenscscess 4 2 1 PEA TUORES 4 2 2 SPEGIFIGATIONS TABLES occ coe TS Sesh cee eke 4 3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ssisscssccsiscacissdeassesceansocscis
5. analyzer is an easy to use precision instrument for measuring and calculating the electrical parameters the radio controlled model hobbyist needs to get the most from their electric model What it Does Watt s Up measures current voltage and time and from those measurements calculates peak current Amps peak power Watts minimum voltage Volts power Watts energy Watt hours and charge Amp hours values for you in real time for the circuit in which you connect it Benefits With the advent of electric power for models the hobbyist can now investigate and tune the performance of their model in ways not possible with the traditional internal combustion engines With Watt s Up it is now easy to determine things like Flight time Current through an ESC and motor ESC BEC and motor efficiencies Charge put into and removed from a battery and the performance of battery chargers Battery health Presence of peak currents that can damage components Presence of voltage droops that cause components to operate out of specification Why power is lost during acrobatics or extreme conditions Effect of gearing and propeller size and shape on power consumption and battery currents Effects of modifications age and damage on many electrical system components is Ps e pg EE Clever RC hobbyists will no doubt discover new applications to further improve electric model performance With Watt s Up you can stop wondering what s goi
6. for Charge Ah Peak Amps Ap Energy Wh etc 8 1 2 Battery Discharging Efficiency and Health When discharging a battery pack through the Watt s Up into a load you can monitor key battery parameters like actual available charge and energy peak and average current and battery voltage Connect the Watt s Up as shown in the Battery Discharging CONNECTION DIAGRAM The load device you connect on the LOAD side must be capable of handling the discharge power the battery pack can provide Example loads include light bulbs power resistors ESC amp Motor combinations and devices specifically designed to discharge a battery like some chargers in discharge mode If the battery pack voltage at the end of discharge will be less than the minimum 4 0 V the Watt s Up requires connect a battery of at least 4 0 V to the 3 pin auxiliary power connection After connecting the LOAD to the Watt s Up connect the battery Discharging begins when the battery is connected Some loads e g ESC and motor may have to be turned on to begin drawing current and discharging the battery CAUTION When discharging a battery do not operate it outside its manufacturer s specifications For example do not allow battery voltage to drop below the minimum value specified or discharge at a current that exceeds the maximum specified or discharge at a temperature or manner that violates the manufacturers specifications Note that shorting a battery s output will vi
7. reduced time due to wire heating 6 2 2 Voltage Volts Minimum Volts Vm The Volts value displayed is the average voltage over the last screen update interval The displayed Minimum Volts value Vm is the minimum voltage or droop measured on the SOURCE side since the startup screen ended The Volts value is measured on the SOURCE side 6 2 3 Energy Watt hours Wh The value displayed is the total energy delivered to the LOAD in Watt hours since power was applied to the Watt s Up It is measured on the LOAD side For accurate results be careful not to interrupt the SOURCE connection to the Watt s Up during an energy measurement 6 2 4 Charge Amp hours Ah The value displayed is the total charge in Amp hours delivered to the LOAD since power was applied to the Watt s Up It is measured on the LOAD side For accurate results be careful not to interrupt the SOURCE connection to the Watt s Up during a charge measurement 6 2 5 Power Watts W Peak Watts Wp The value displayed is the average power delivered in Watts over the last screen update interval The displayed Peak Watts value Wp is the maximum power drawn on the LOAD side since the startup screen ended Watts values are measured on the LOAD side Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Using Watt s Up 14 7 USING WATT S UP 71 Where Do You Connect Watt s Up You can think of the Watt s Up like a set of jumper wires Connect it in the same w
8. you will want male plug connectors on the Watt s Up SOURCE leads and female connectors on the Watt s Up LOAD leads With this configuration the Watt s Up can be inserted like jumper cables between the battery and a load such as a ESC with Motor The user is responsible for selecting connectors rated to handle the current and voltage expected in the user s application and to follow the instructions provided with the connectors to ensure best results Only qualified individuals should assemble any high current connections The Red SOURCE wire goes to Positive Plus battery or other device terminals and black to Negative Minus Warning Loose connections can cause component damage 5 2 Using Auxiliary Power By connecting a receiver battery pack of at least 4 0 V or other power source to the 3 pin connector on the SOURCE side the Watt s Up can measure down to 0 V This makes it possible to measure the characteristics of a single battery cell The 3 pin connector s socket will accept a Futaba J type JR or HiTec type servo plug connector Pin is Negative and pin 2 middle pin is Positive Pin is the pin farthest from the Watt s Up SOURCE wires Pin 3 is reserved for testing When using Auxiliary power you may see small measurement values when the SOURCE and LOAD leads have nothing connected or are shorted together It is neither unusual nor a problem for there to be small values displayed in this situation This will no
9. 16 8 1 2 Battery Discharging Efficiency and 16 8 1 3 Low Measurement EVEEN EAEE ENEKE a 17 9 SYSTEM CHARACTERIZATION scccssscssssscsssssssccsssccsscecescccssscscssccssssccssacessscceccesssecessecees 18 9 1 1 Testing amp Troubleshooting Loads ccccceccececsscesscesscensesseesseeesecesecececuneesaeescecececneceeeeaeceaeenaes 18 9 1 2 Capturing Current Peaks Power Peaks and Voltage Minimums 18 9 1 3 Backup DC Voltmeter amp DC 19 9 1 4 Calculating Relative 19 10 WAT T S UP APPLICATIONS 20 Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Table of Contents Il ONIBOARDIO ic es 20 102 FRAGHT 20 10 3 BASIC COMPONENT SELECTION c ccccccccsesesssssscsccecccesessessscseccescescsausesececesecsensassesececessessseseaess 20 Gy 359592655 05 eee i E 20 10 5 BALANCING BATTERY PACK CELLS ccccecscscceeceecessssecececcececesseseacecsececscesessausesecececessesnesauens 20 10 6 RECEIVER AND SERVO TESTING ccccccccccccecesscssscscsecccscessesscescsecscscessesausesecseecessesessesesseseeeneees 21
10. It turns out that Amp hours Ah is also a unit of charge and is more familiar to RC hobbyists We ll show why later when we discuss current Charge Current Time Charge can be measured in Amp Hours by Amp hours Average Amps hours of duration 42 Current Current is measured as an amount of something flowing per unit of time With electricity the something flowing in a wire is charge which is measured in Coulombs A Coulomb per second of electric charge current has a special name It is called an Ampere abbreviated Amps just A gallon per second of water flow doesn t have a special name It s just a gal s So 20 Amperes or Amps flowing into a motor means it has a current of 20 Coulombs of charge flowing per second Now we can explain why Amp Hours is a measure of charge An hour is 60 60 3600 seconds So an Amp hour meaning Amps times hours Ampere Hour And substituting the definition of an Ampere and of an hour this becomes Coulomb Second 3600 Seconds which leaves 3600 Coulombs Coulombs are charge so there we are an Amp hour or Ah is 3600 Coulombs of charge It is common in RC modeling to discuss charge in units of mAh The m is an abbreviation for the Greek milli which means thousandth of something So 1 mAh is 1 1000 of an Ah Conversely 2 Ah is the same as 2000 mAh Here are some examples showing the important relationships between current time and cha
11. S OR MERCHANTABILITY FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Warranty 28 14 5 Procedure for Warranty Claims and Return Authorization Please contact your retailer for information on returns and warranty claim handling Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Measurement Lo 15 MEASUREMENT LOG Use the forms below to easily record your data for immediate and future reference Make photocopies so they re always handy lt 3 gt lt gt a gZ I Z 3 Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Z I I2 5 2 9
12. Y 6 1 Startup Screen Each time power is applied to the Watt s Up SOURCE leads a startup screen with firmware revision number is briefly displayed and then measurement begins Startup Screen 6 2 Measurement Screen The measurement screen is displayed after the startup screen Amps Volts and Watts are continuously displayed All other measured values are presented sequentially every 2 seconds in the Data Queue DQ position of the display data values are identified by their units e g Ah Wh Ap Vm Wp All measurement screen values are updated every 400 mS Note that the Amps Volts and Watts values are continuously displayed The Measurement Screen layout Amps Volts Watts and the Data Queue The Data Queue shows Ah Wh Ap Wp in sequence 6 2 1 Current Amps A Peak Amps Ap The Amps value displayed is the average current flowing through the Watt s Up s black wire over the last screen update interval The displayed Peak Amps value Ap is the maximum current drawn on the LOAD side since the startup screen ended Watt s Up circuit operation draws a slight amount of current 7 mA from the SOURCE side Being hundreds of times less current than is drawn by typical loads this slight additional current can be ignored and the SOURCE s current be considered equal to the LOAD s current for most practical purposes Amps values are measured on the LOAD side Currents over 50 Amps should be measured for
13. ay and you can measure what the jumper wires are connected to Like Jumper wires the Watt s Up is essentially a direct connection between correspondingly colored SOURCE and LOAD wires i e both the SOURCE LOAD leads of the Watt s Up are electrically hot when a battery is connected to either side Example use 1 Testing Loads Battery on SOURCE side Electronic Speed Controller ESC and motor on LOAD side With the ESC on the Watt s Up shows the current into the motor voltage and power at the battery and accumulates the Ah and Wh while the motor is running Example use 2 Battery Charging with a battery charger on the SOURCE side and battery pack on the LOAD side using gender changing jumpers the Watt s Up shows the charging current into the battery the voltage and charging power at the battery and accumulates the charge Ah and energy Wh into the battery 7 2 Maximum Current Capabilities Current flowing through Watt s Up and its supplied wires generates heat due to the resistances of the wires and of the precision internal current shunt used for current measurements Though very low 0 004 Ohms in wires and 0 001 Ohms in shunt these resistances are finite and at high currents the heat generated becomes noticeable This is because heat is created with the square of the current I E heating power W current A resistance Ohms So doubling the current increases the heat produced four time
14. can give you a mild shock and damage electrical components still connected to the wire by generating voltages that exceed their ratings This is one of the reasons capacitors and diodes are needed on brushed motors in addition to reducing RF noise Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Using Watt s U 15 7 4 Connection Diagrams The following diagrams show example connections between the Watt s Up and various Sources and Loads Many other arrangements and uses are possible Motor Brushed or Brushless Speed Control Testing Loads e g motors te plug plug jumper wires Battery Battery Charging Discharge Load Legend Loads Battery Discharging Power Sources lt Socket connector Shows auxiliary battery connected to Plug connector allow measurement down to 0 volts 0 V if using auxiliary battery Servo 1 Receiver your adapter Servo n jumper wires Receiver amp Servo Testing Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Battery Characterization 16 8 BATTERY CHARACTERIZATION 8 11 Battery Charging You can monitor the current accumulated charge and energy into and voltage on a charging battery Connect the Watt s Up as shown in the Battery Charging CONNECTION DIAGRAM You made need gender changing connectors wiring to do this depending on the co
15. d save that as a baseline Note that a new battery may be defective and give out of specification results By occasionally discharging a battery pack and comparing the energy delivered to the baseline value delivered when it was first put into service you can track that battery s health The percentage of baseline capacity at which a battery is considered to be at the end of its life depends on battery chemistry and how it is used A reduction in charge capacity can also be an indication of battery pack damage or imminent failure To summarize the percentage of baseline or initial capacity indicates a battery s health Baseline Capacity Ratio Current Capacity Original Capacity 8 1 3 Low Voltage Measurement Watt s Up s ability to measure down to 0 V allows unique measurement scenarios For example if you have a micro model or a model that uses a single cell or low voltage battery pack or even solar cells the Watt s Up can still measure all your system parameters like in higher voltage systems Watt s Up s low operating current minimizes the impact its presence has on low power systems To support low voltage measurement just connect a power source to the auxiliary power connector Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual System Characterization 18 9 SYSTEM CHARACTERIZATION 9 1 1 Testing amp Troubleshooting Loads To use Watt s Up to test measure and troubleshoot Load behavior connect the Watt s Up and co
16. ding personal injury fire and property damage Intermittent and loose connections can cause component damage 3 3 Powering Up Verify there are no exposed wires or connectors at risk for a short circuit before connecting a battery or power source to the Watt s Up The Red SOURCE and LOAD leads of the Watt s Up are connected to each other and the Black leads are essentially so This means the other side is electrically hot when a battery or other power source is connected to either side CAUTION Shorting a rechargeable battery or a Watt s Up connected to a rechargeable battery or battery charger can supply huge currents and have serious consequences including explosions causing fire damage to equipment and personal injury Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Safety Precautions 6 34 Limits of Connected Equipment The Watt s Up may have measurement capabilities operating ratings and electrical signal handling abilities that exceed those of equipment to which it is connected This means the Watt s Up may be able to make measurements on a connected component despite that component being operated outside of its safe operating ratings CAUTION It is the user s responsibility to consider the limitations of any equipment connected to the Watt s Up and not to exceed them since the Watt s Up provides no protection for those components Examples of possible hazards include without limitation charging or di
17. er readings Auxiliary power not working Possible Remedies Make sure the LOAD side wires are not shorted together or connected to something that is shorting them Check you have a power source battery or charger supplying at least 4 0 V connected to the SOURCE side wires or to the Auxiliary Power Connector Check wiring Polarity The Red wire should be connected to the positive Red Positive etc side of the power source and the Black wire to the negative side Try a 9 Volt consumer electronics type alkaline battery as the source power If this works your other power source is likely too low a voltage Probably due to low voltage Check you have a power source battery or charger supplying at least 4 0 V connected to the SOURCE side wires or to the Auxiliary Power Connector Check the connections on the LOAD side are good and have correct wiring polarity and that any switches or devices that must be turned on are on Test the Watt s Up is working with a known charged battery of sufficient voltage connected to the SOURCE side wires and a simple known good load like a brush type motor 110 V 100 W light bulb or RC receiver The Watt s Up only measures currents flowing in the direction of SOURCE to LOAD Make sure that the setup is arranged tat way For example a battery on SOURCE ESC amp Motor on LOAD or Battery charger on SOURCE and rechargeable battery on LOAD Check the 3 pin servo type plug i
18. es 4 6 Work Energy From a physics point of view work and energy describe the same thing The word chosen at a particular time depends on the point of view being emphasized by an author Hopefully this will become clear as you read on People often incorrectly mix the concepts of power and energy work as though they are the same They are different but related by time Understanding the difference is very important toward an understanding of propulsion system performance Voltage does work to move charge The battery charger worked to push charge against the battery s voltage into the battery That work is stored as charge in the battery Discharging the battery does work on whatever is using the charge This work or energy is measured in Watt hours by measuring the power in Watts expended over some time duration in hours Watt hours Watts averaged hours This is how much work the electricity has done The energy stored a battery depends on the product of charge and voltage I E Energy Wh voltage V charge Ah So while a 7 4 V and 14 8 V battery pack may both have the same charge of 2000 mAh the 14 8 V pack has twice the energy and capacity to do work 4 7 Conservation of Energy This is a very important physics concept that will help you evaluate electric model power systems Simply stated conservation of energy means that energy isn t ever lost rather it has gone someplace else Energy has many form
19. h Wh Ap Vm Wp in the Data Queue 9 1 2 Capturing Current Peaks Power Peaks and Voltage Minimums Droops It can be very difficult to find out why a model or a component fails The Watt s Up ability to capture even brief current power peaks and voltage minimum values can help The Peak Amps Peaks Watts and Voltage Minimum values will be the peaks and minimum captured following the Watt s Up power on sequence Be careful in adjusting test setups to not accidentally cause a peak or voltage minimum that isn t the one you are watching for This might happen if for example you connect another component to the system while it is measuring The Watt s Up s Peak Amps Peaks Watts and Voltage Minimum values are cleared whenever the Watt s Up turns on i e is powered up So remove all power sources when you need to clear them for a new measurement See the Ap Vm and Wp in the Data Queue Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual System Characterization 19 9 1 3 Backup DC Voltmeter amp DC Ammeter In an emergency the Watt s Up can be used like a DC voltmeter or like a DC current meter Remember that the Watt s Up can only measure positive voltages and currents Connect a battery of at least 4 0 V to the 3 pin auxiliary power connection and to nothing else The Auxiliary power battery must be floating electrically Use the SOURCE side wires for voltage measurements attaching the Red wire to voltages that are positive
20. izes this relationship Amps Volts Ohms It says the amount of current depends on the voltage applied divided by the amount of resistance Push harder for a given amount of resistance and you get more flow Reducing the diameter of a water pipe increases its resistance and therefore reduces the water flowing from it for a given pressure voltage Similarly doubling the resistance of a wire halves the current flowing through it for a given voltage across it A useful thing to remember is that 1 Volt divided by 1 Ohm 1 Amp It says that One Amp of current will flow in wire having a resistance of one Ohm if one Volt of voltage is applied across it So given relatively fixed battery voltages you need low resistance wires to allow high currents Resistance is a general term for a rather complex phenomenon There are different kinds of resistance For our purposes we will mean Direct Current or DC resistance Alternating Current or AC resistance is beyond the scope of this tutorial and is not widely discussed in Powerspace com Here s an example problem using resistance How much voltage drop is there to a motor drawing 50 Amps if the motor is one foot from the battery Assume14 Ga wire has a resistance of approximately 0 0025 Ohms per foot So we have two feet of wire total with 50 Amps flowing through them Ohms law tells us that to get 50 Amps through a wire of 2 0 0025 Ohms requires Volts Amps Ohms 50 2 0 0025
21. le between a stationary object and a rolling sled that the system is mounted on Start by taking a baseline measurement to compare against Run the prop up to its typical operating and make note of the Watts reading on the Watt s Up and the thrust reading on the fish scale Now change the motor gearbox or other system component that you are trying to optimize Run the prop up until the fish scale reading is the same as before and make note of the Watts reading The setup that is using the least Watts to produce same thrust is the most efficient Connect the Watt s Up to each system as described above Adjust the ESC to the desired operating point prop speed from tachometer etc and make note of the Watts reading Now connect the Watt s Up to the second system Adjust the ESC to bring it to the same operating point Compare the new Watts reading to the old one to determine the relative efficiency of the two systems Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Watt s Up Applications 20 10 WATT S UP APPLICATIONS 10 1 On Board Use The Watt s Up is compact and lightweight compared to other Watt meters on the market This allows the Watt s Up to be mounted on board in larger models This can be convenient and can also allow the determination of peak Amps peak Watts and minimum Volts while in flight due to the unique features of the Watt s Up During short test flights the peak Amps peak Watts and minimum Volts generally occur simul
22. mponents as shown in the Testing Loads CONNECTION DIAGRAM Use the auxiliary power to ensure measurements down to 0 Volts Follow the manufacturer instructions for operation of the battery and Load components The object of testing amp troubleshooting Loads is to confirm that all components are within their safe operating ranges to determine what their actual operating conditions are and to uncover problems Example load tests are Does the ESC deliver the maximum allowed current to the motor How much current and power is delivered at various throttle settings Is too much current being drawn from the battery Is too much current or power being passed through the ESC or the motor Are there unexplained current peaks or voltage minimums that indicate problems or explain why the system has malfunctioned in the past How much charge and energy are consumed by the load for the time and exercise performed The usual test procedure is to connect the Load to the LOAD side of the Watt s Up and a battery pack to the SOURCE side While noting Watt s Up readings exercise the system by varying things like throttle settings gearbox ratios motor type ESC setup propeller type battery voltage and type drive train type etc Watt s Up allows you to collect precise measurements with which to make scientific performance analysis of your model All of the Watt s Up measured values may be useful in your Load testing amp troubleshooting See A
23. nal purchase will be required to obtain warranty service Makes no other warranties expressed or implied including without limitation the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose regarding the product Does not warrant guarantee or make any representations regarding currentness or otherwise In the event that the Watt s Up does not conform to this warranty at any time during the warranty period and will at its sole discretion repair or replace the defective unit with an identical unit or one of equal capabilities without charge except shipping and handling To return a unit during the warranty period see the directions in the Procedure for Warranty Claims and Return Authorization section Limits and Exclusions The warranty is valid only if the Watt s Up is operated in strict compliance with specifications instructions and warnings provided in this user s manual Watt s Up is not intended for industrial use This Warranty is invalid if the product is i Damaged as a result of use by anyone other than as detailed in this user s manual ii Damaged as a result of exceeding the device s ratings prolonged reverse polarity on SOURCE or LOAD wires abuse misuse or neglect iii Damaged as a result of improper installation or usage iv Damage from immersion or cleaning with other than the described procedure v Damaged as a consequence of any repair modification alteration
24. nents such as the prop and run the test again Continue this procedure until you have a well matched system that provides the desired power loading for your model 10 5 Balancing Battery Pack Cells You don t want battery pack cells going below their minimum safe voltages for safety and battery life reasons Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Watt s Up Applications 21 A battery pack whose individual cells are all balanced delivers the most energy since all cells are exhausted at the same minimum voltage If any cell is out of balance it may reach the minimum safe voltage before the others and continued pack discharge will damage the cell If the cells in a pack all equally contribute to the overall pack voltage they are considered in balance So we can check each cells voltage at various states of pack charge and see if their voltages are the same If they are the pack is balanced If not some individual cell reconditioning or replacement is necessary Cell balancing measurements need at least 0 02 volt resolution so that we can tell the difference between a 1 22 and 1 20 volt cell More resolution is better because it allows us to recognize the lower voltage cell which will get exhausted first The Watt s Up 0 01 Volt resolution is great for cell balancing where resolution is more important than accuracy This is because we are mostly comparing our batteries to each other seeking equality rather than wanting to know
25. ng on with your electric model and get answers that allow you to apply science to your hobby The precise measurements you collect will help you fine tune your model to get all the performance that you paid for We know you are anxious to start using your Watt s Up and ask that you review this manual first to get the most out of its capabilities and inform you of relevant safety issues Enjoy learning Watt s Up Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Features and Specifications 4 2 FEATURES AND SPECIFICATIONS 21 Features Measures energy Wh charge Ah power W current A and voltage V Connector to use an optional receiver battery for measurement down to 0 V Accurate amp precise 0 01 A current and 0 01 V voltage resolutions Measures peak Amps peak Watts and voltage minimum droop Rugged handles 50 A continuous and 100 A peak at 60 V 14 ga super fine stranded high temperature silicone rubber insulated wire Small amp light with a tough plastic case available in several colors Acts like a wire so doesn t affect model s performance Precision Alu Chrom current sensing resistor with only 0 001 Ohms resistance and circuitry that draws only 7 mA Uses DSP to increase ADC resolution and differential measurement amplifiers to increase noise immunity Factory calibration stores constants in EEPROM to compensate for component tolerances Powerful 8 MIPS micro controller Made in USA to ISO 9001 2000
26. nnectors you are using Follow the manufacturer instructions for operation of the charger and battery Note that the Watt s Up s Peak Amps Peak Watts and Voltage Minimum values are cleared whenever the Watt s Up turns on If the battery is connected before the charger is turned on the Watt s Up will track the minimum voltage on the battery during the charging process With the charger on and the battery charging the Watt s Up displays the ongoing charging electrical values The current As and power W show the average rate of charge and the voltage indicates the current battery charging voltage CAUTION When charging a battery do not operate it outside its manufacturer s specifications For example do not allow battery voltage to exceed the maximum value specified or charge at a current that exceeds the maximum specified or charge at a temperature or manner that violates the manufacturers specifications Note that so called Battery Zapping Devices may generate voltages and currents that exceed the safe operating limits of both Watt s Up and batteries Do not leave a charging battery unattended At the end of the charge the Watt s Up Data Queue display indicates the total charge Ah and energy Wh the battery received as well as the peak Amps Ap and peak Watts Wp used and the minimum voltage on the battery during the charging process Make a note of these final values as they can be used to determine charger efficiency See the Data Queue
27. nt to load the cells when taking measurements you can attach the load to the LOAD leads of the Watt s Up while testing This will also show you the load current being drawn 10 6 Receiver and Servo Testing A loss of receiver power can be catastrophic This can be difficult to diagnose and troubleshoot The most likely cause other than bad connections is drawing more current than the receiver battery or battery eliminator circuit can provide resulting in an unacceptably low receiver voltage An undetected stalled servo is an example cause for this You can use the Watt s Up to determine the peak current and minimum voltage used by your receiver and servo loads and verify they are within acceptable limits over the full servo operation range You should use the Auxiliary power connection for doing this sort of testing because receiver operation voltage can be near the low end of the Watt s Up voltage range without it Connecting the Auxiliary power after the SOURCE may be better for eliminating measurement of power dips immediately following SOURCE power connections Try both before and after Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Watt s Up Applications 22 Connect the receiver and it s servos on the Watt s Up LOAD side and a suitable power source e g your receiver battery or BEC on the SOURCE side See the connection diagrams for an example Fully exercise your servos simultaneously if possible to create the ma
28. olate most operating specifications Do not leave a discharging battery unattended Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Battery Characterization 1 When the battery is discharged the Watt s Up display indicates the total charge Ah and energy Wh the battery delivered to the load as well as the peak Amps Ap and peak Watts Wp used and the minimum voltage on the battery during the discharging process Make a note of these final discharge values to determine charger efficiency battery capacity and health See the Data Queue for Charge Ah Peak Amps Ap Peak Power Wp min Volts Vm etc Battery Charging Efficiency Battery Charging Efficiency BCE is the ratio of energy put in to energy removable Charging Efficiency Discharge Energy Charge Energy Efficiency is never 100 due to a variety of losses involved If the charge energy was 15 Wh and the discharge energy is 14 2 Wh the Charging Efficiency is 14 3 15 0 95 or 95 BCE depends on both the charger and the battery so it can be difficult to determine where problems are without extra batteries or chargers Battery Health Battery Health is determined by comparing the actual energy or charge capacity with the manufacturer s specifications or a new battery as a reference Since it can be difficult to get manufacturer specifications to match test results it is often simpler and just as useful to record the capacity value of a new battery an
29. or conversion not performed by retailer This warranty is void outside the United States of America and Canada Limitation of Liability i Specifications are subject to change without notice ii Any and all of liability for actual damages from any cause whatsoever and regardless of the form of the action whether in contract tort including negligence product liability or otherwise will be limited to the amount actually paid for the product Where the exclusion of implied warranties is not permitted by some jurisdictions the above exclusion may not apply iii Inno event will their directors officers employees or agents be liable for any harm consequential incidental third party special or indirect damages whatsoever including damages for loss of business profits business interruption loss of business information and the like arising out of the use or inability to use the product even if has been advised of the possibility of such damages Because some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages the above limitations may not apply Entire Warranty THE LIMITED WARRANTY SET FORTH ABOVE IS THE SOLE AND ENTIRE WARRANTY PERTAINING TO THE PRODUCT AND IS IN LIEU OF AND EXCLUDES AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER WHETHER EXPRESS IMPLIED OR ARISING BY OPERATION OF LAW INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF FITNES
30. polarities before applying power or damage may result 5 4 Applying Power The Watt s Up requires a power source providing a minimum of 4 0 V to operate This can come from a power source battery or charger on the LOAD or SOURCE side or from the auxiliary 3 pin SOURCE power input connector If you connect an auxiliary power source of 4 0 V or more e g small receiver battery pack the Watt s Up operates independently of power sources on the LOAD or SOURCE leads This allows measurements down to OV e g for measuring a single cell main pack Note that a standard 9 V alkaline battery can be wired with a servo connector and used as an auxiliary battery if desired 5 41 Applying Power Examples O Useat least a four cell NiCd or NiMH battery pack two cell Li Poly battery pack on the SOURCE side to provide the minimum 4 0 V Connect a load on the LOAD side E g an ESC and a MOTOR Connect an Auxiliary power source to the 3 pin SOURCE power input connector and a single Li Poly cell to the SOURCE side and an ESC and motor to the LOAD side 5 4 2 Applying Power Problems When you apply power as described the Watt s Up display will show the Startup Screen and then begin measurements CAUTION if the Startup Screen does not appear immediately remove the power sources and refer to the troubleshooting section of this document Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Information Displa 13 6 INFORMATION DISPLA
31. quality standards One year warranty and complete user manual 22 Specifications Tables Table 1 Electrical Measurement Range 0 min w auxiliary power E g a receiver battery Else 4 0 V 6500 Wh Table 2 Miscellaneous Specifications Measurement Update Period 400 mS Signal Sampling Rate 1000 samples s Data Queue Sequence 2 seconds time 0 001 Ohms Auxiliary Power Voltage 4 0 V 60 V e g from a receiver battery Dimensions 2 8 Lx 1 7 Wx 0 83 D Weight 2S Display Screen 16 charx2rowSTNLCD Nominal Operating 0 50 C ambient Maximum Conditions temperature non temperature must condensing humidity be reduced at maximum current rating Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Safety Precautions 5 3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS CAUTION High power electrical systems pose dangers independent of devices like the Watt s Up and it is the user s responsibility to be familiar with these dangers and take any necessary action to ensure safe use Shorting a rechargeable battery or a Watt s Up connected to a rechargeable battery or battery charger can supply huge currents and have serious consequences including explosions causing fire damage to equipment and personal injury Please carefully read the entire SAFTY PRECAUTIONS section to ensure safe product use 3 1 Safe Operation Limitations The Watt s Up is designed to be safe to use when operated within the parameter limits it was de
32. rge 1 Charging Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Basics of Electricity 4 8 If you pump 1 gal h of water into an aquarium for five hours it will contain 1 gal h 5h 5 gallons Similarly a battery charging at 1500 mA for one hour will contain 1 5 Amp one hour 1 5 Ah of charge Since we learned above that there are 3600 Coulombs per Ah the physicist would say the battery contains 1 5 Ah 3600 C Ah 5400 Coulombs of charge Amp hr versus C They are different ways of saying the same thing 2 Discharging If you know a battery and an aquarium are both full you just read their capacity volume specification to find the stored charge The aquarium says 20 gallons and the battery says 2000 mAh The aquarium would take 4 hours to empty at a current of 5 gal h and the battery would take 1 hour to empty at a current of 2000 mA 43 Voltage Something forces current to flow in a wire That something is called voltage and is measured in Volts abbreviated V The pressure your hand feels pushing water out of a pipe is the force analogous to voltage You can t get a current without a voltage The two are related by the concept of resistance 4 4 Resistance Resistance is measured in Ohms abbreviated with the Greek symbol Omega amp It is the property that limits the current which flows in a wire for a given voltage applied across the wire The very important Ohm s Law summar
33. rom all of this is that your options for an electric powered model s capabilities must consider all the places energy will be used Learning some basic things about potential and kinetic energy as well as Newton s second Law of motion in a simple physics text book will give you powerful tools to evaluate an electric model capabilities 4 8 About Units Small amounts of current and voltage are usually measured in milliamps or millivolts where milli is a Greek abbreviation meaning one thousandth of For example 10 mA means ten one thousandths of one Amp which is written as 0 01 Amps 1000 mA is another way to write 1 A Similarly 0 001 V is one thousandth of one volt Milli is a widely used prefix E g 3000 mAh is another way to write a charge of 3 Ah Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Getting Started 11 5 GETTING STARTED Please be familiar with the contents of the SAFETY PRECAUTIONS section before continuing 5 1 Making Connections Watt s Up is supplied without connectors so you can use whatever kind you prefer If you attach connectors to the SOURCE and LOAD leads that mate with those you use on your models it will be easier to do testing with your Watt s Up However it is strongly recommended that you only use female connectors on batteries and other power sources to prevent connectors and bare metal contacts from shorting together For example with female socket connectors on your battery
34. s At 75 Amps approximately 28 Watts of heat is produced mostly in the Watt s Up s wires This doesn t only happen with Watt s Up All wiring connectors etc have resistance subject to the same resistance based heating The high current handing capabilities of Watt s Up will be maximized when the Watt s Up s SOURCE and LOAD wires are kept short and cool Cut the wires as short as is convenient for high current operation A fan blowing over the wires will help their cooling At moderate currents there is little heating 7 3 Using A Watt Meter with Inductive Loads Like Motors Loose connections and long wires on circuits switching high currents can damage electrical components The problems can be largely eliminated by ensuring that connections are secure not intermittent e g not just twisted together and to a lesser degree by keeping wire lengths short and by twisting wire pairs together to reduce their inductance Here s a little more about why this all happens Wires exhibit a property called inductance Inductance is an indication of the amount of energy stored in a wire s magnetic field due to the flow of current If you interrupt the current flow say with a switch or pulling apart a connector the magnetic field collapses and induces a voltage in the wire to try and oppose the drop in current Depending on the specifics of the wire current and materials near the wire like iron the induced voltage can be quite high In fact it
35. s Heat Kinetic Potential and Chemical being the most relevant to RC Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Basics of Electricity 10 Two examples will help 1 If you discharge a battery pack into light bulbs the energy stored in the battery s chemistry was converted to heat in the battery s chemical reaction the wiring and the light bulb filaments 2 In an electric motor powered plane energy from the battery converts to heat energy in wires connectors the electronic components in the Electronic Speed Control the wires in the motor armature the brushes the motor bearings and lubricant and the air the prop and plane fly through AND to potential energy that has been stored by the height the plane s mass is above the ground AND to kinetic energy stored in the speed of the plane s mass If you measured all the heat generated and other stored energies it would equal that previously stored in the battery That s the conservation Inefficiency in a process like this means some energy went someplace you didn t want it to like the wires bearings ESC and brushes You wanted it all delivered to the prop In battery charging energy from the charger is delivered as a current into a battery where it is converted to a charge stored in the battery s chemistry In a perfect rechargeable battery no energy would go anyplace else In reality it does like to heat so battery charging is not 100 efficient What you can learn f
36. s inserted properly Black Negative wire pin 1 should be farthest from where the Watt s Up s SOURCE wires enter the case Red Positive wire pin 2 should be Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Troubleshooting 25 2 Check the Auxiliary battery or power is supplying at least 4 0 V Peak Amps Peak Watts or Any time the Amps value is more Minimum Voltage don t than the Peak Amps value the Peak change or seem wrong Amps value will match it The Peak Watts value is determined the same way Similarly any time the Volts value is less than the Minimum Volts value the Minimum Volts value will match it To reset Peak Amps Watts and Minimum Voltage remove power to the Watt s Up Watt s Up amp wiring get Itis normal for the Watt s Up and its warm wiring to get warm at high currents You can cool it with a small fan blowing on the wires Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Support 26 13 SUPPORT If you are experiencing technical problems and cannot find a solution in this manual you can contact retailer for further assistance Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Warranty 27 14 WARRANTY 14 1 14 2 14 3 14 4 Three months Limited Warranty Warrants Watt s Up to be free of defects in materials and craftsmanship for a period of twelve months from the original date of purchase to the original retail purchaser Evidence of origi
37. scharging batteries outside their voltage and current ratings application of excessive voltage or currents to electronic speed controls ESC and motors application of currents that cause dangerous heating or voltages that present a shock hazard Other hazards may exist Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Basics of Electricity 7 4 BASICS OF ELECTRICITY Understanding the basics of electricity will help you get the most out of your Watt s Up and electric model With these concepts you can intelligently compare electrical components and conduct experiments to maximize their performance in your electric modeling hobby If you are new to electrical propulsion systems you may want to read through this a few times Experts can skip it We use the water and plumbing analogies to teach electrical concepts because people often already have good intuition about water systems 41 Charge It all starts with charge Charge is the basic unit of electric energy Using the water analogy charge is the amount of water Charge electrons actually is what gets stored in a rechargeable battery by a battery charger Like water gets stored in an aquarium by a water pump a battery charger stores charge in a battery Asking how much charge is in a battery is like asking how much water is in an aquarium A physicist will tell you that charge is measured in units of Coulombs C like water can be measured in units of gallons
38. signed for Typical applications are well within these limits but it is the user s responsibility to be familiar with the Watt s Up specifications and ensure the unit is operated within its limits Table 3 Safe Operating Limits Do Not Exceed Parameter Operating Range Notes Current 0 100 A intermittent Assumes device s wires are 50 A continuous in free air and attached to connections at or below temperature of 35 C 95 F with adequate air flow 100 A operation time depends on ambient temperature and wiring temperature Nominal 0 50 C ambient air Maximum temperature must Oper ating temperature non condensing be reduced at maximum Conditions humidity current rating CAUTION Exceeding these limits may permanently damage the Watt s Up and may cause personal injury and may cause fire 3 2 Electrical Connections and Wiring There are risks associated with the potentially high currents measured by the Watt s Up These include but are not limited to fire burns and personal injury The user must be familiar with the relevant methods procedures and connection components before using or making any connection to the It is suggested that any connectors and wires chosen for use be appropriately sized and rated for the intended application and attached in the manner recommended by their respective manufacturers CAUTION Poor connections and reckless wire handling in electrical systems may have serious consequences inclu
39. t affect performance when making real measurements The Watt s Up has been optimized to provide highest performance for real measurements of connected power systems and loads but with all leads unconnected may produce erroneous readings With real connections accurate readings will be produced Note that shorting the SOURCE leads together and or the LOAD leads together may show a very small voltage e g 0 01 Volts These small shorted lead voltages are well within specification and don t affect the accuracy of real measurements Caution Never short leads for testing with a power source connected to either set of leads 5 3 Power Up Checklist We recommend you always go through this checklist before applying power to the Watt s Up O Always verify there are no exposed wires or bare connectors that can short circuit prior to connecting a battery or power source to the Watt s Up Carefully inspect wire and connector insulation for damage or bare spots that can short Properly insulate any such areas with electrical tape or shrink tubing 0 While a load connection is not required ensuring that the LOAD wires safely routed is important to prevent shorts Capping unused connectors with a Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Getting Started 12 fully insulated mating connector as a cap is a useful trick E g capping a female connector with an insulated male connector CAUTION Verify correct connection
40. taneously under heavy load These values can help give insight into the dynamic performance of the prop or explain erratic operation or failures 10 2 Flight Time You can calculate flight time at various throttle settings by taking note of the Amps reading on the Watt s Up and making some simple calculations Divide the Ah rating of your battery pack by the Amps reading to determine the flight time in hours If your battery pack is rated in mAh multiply the Amps reading by 1000 to convert it to mAh before dividing 10 3 Basic Component Selection You just finished your new model plane and want to select a battery motor prop etc Where do you start A useful metric for initial component selection is the power to weight ratio or power loading Power loading can be measured in watts pound Typical power loading ranges from 20 W Ib to 200 depending on the type of model Park flyers and trainers are on the low end while acrobatic and 3D models are on the high end Select a motor recommended for your model by the manufacture as a starting point If the manufacture does not recommend a motor select a motor capable of putting out the power required for a reasonable power loading for your model Select a prop that looks suitable from the motor manufactures recommendations and the prop manufactures data Now choose a suitable ESC and battery pack of the appropriate voltage 10 4 Initial Testing Now that you have chosen components to start wi
41. tasssix cus ceassesassi teeseaviaccsetetsess bevasavsevcsessisivssessessiees 5 3 1 SAFE OPERATION LIMITATIONS ccscsescsecccccessesssssccecseeceseesesecsscscecesseseeeussececeesesenessecseeseeeeees 5 3 2 ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS AND WIRING ccccccccccssesssssscececscescesssssasecscecescesssssassesesceesersssausceesess 5 3 3 POWERING UP 5 3 4 LIMITS OF CONNECTED EQUIPMENT 6 4 BASICS OF ELECTRICITY 7 4 1 CHARGE EE its 7 4 2 CURRENT AREE E 7 43 VOLTAGE hee erer nisi tetr N E EAEE EEEE E NENE ET EAN i AENA AEE RANER E N 8 4 4 RESISTANCE Steed RERNE EE OTRE S 8 4 5 POWER 9 4 6 WORK ENERGY E A E EO e E E N E 9 4 7 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY cccccesesssssscecsececececscssacscceccescesessesesesecscesessessaeseseceesecesesseueseseeeeeenees 9 4 8 ABOUT UNITS cccccccesssssscccecsccecesscssecscsccecesessacscsecccscesecssaescscsececeseesssesececeseceesscsesececeseesttesaness 10 5 GETTING STARTED ississ soe 11 5 1 MAKING CONNECTIONS cavvecssbseccececesssuvesdedes 11 5 2 USING AUXILIARY POWER ora AREE
42. th it s time to bench test things and do some tuning Keep in mind that a prop performs differently when tested statically on a bench compared to dynamically when moving through the air The faster a prop moves through the air the less thrust it produces Bench testing can help select well matched components but should not be taken as the final word For bench testing the complete system can be assembled on a rolling sled if you want to make thrust measurements or rigidly mounted Connect the Watt s Up between the battery pack and the ESC Start by taking a baseline measurement at full throttle for comparison Your battery pack should be fully charged for each test Run the motor up to full throttle and make note of the Amps Volts and Watts readings on the Watt s Up at 30 seconds into the test then turn the motor off Readings at the beginning of the test are not typical due to the initial punch of the batter pack which quickly fades The Watt s Up captures the peak Amps and peak Watts readings which you can compare to the 30 second readings to see how much initial punch your pack has Divide the Watts reading by the weight of your model to get the power loading Compare this to the desired power loading for your model Compare the Amps reading to the maximum Amps rating of your motor If it is higher your motor is being overloaded If it is much lower your motor is larger than you need for the given prop Now change one of the system compo
43. what particular voltage they re at There are two ways to measure cell voltages 1 Measure each cell individually 2 Measure the pack s voltage and a few cells and subtract the cell voltages from the pack total to get the remaining cell voltage Let s call this the Sum and Difference Technique SDT for short The SDT is a bad approach for some very technical reasons The short explanation is that it requires more accurate and linear voltage measurement equipment than most people have in order to prevent quantization errors due to digital measurement effects A more complete explanation is beyond the scope of this user s manual Without that high performance equipment the value you calculate from the pack voltage minus a cell or two may be inaccurate to a degree that interferes with your cell balancing We therefore recommend you measure each cell independently Be careful not to short out battery cells doing this Remember that to measure below 4 volts the Watt s Up needs to have a battery or other power source attached to the auxiliary connector Protect the Watt s Up s LOAD side leads so they can t short After powering up simply apply the red lead to the plus side of the battery cell being tested and the black lead to the minus side Read the battery voltage and write it down Repeat for all cells in the pack Your goal is to have all the cell voltages be as equal as possible when the pack is charged and discharged If you wa
44. with respect to the Black wire Only the display s Voltage and Volts Minimum will be accurate in this application To measure DC currents connect the LOAD side Black wire to where the current comes from more positive and the SOURCE side Black wire to where the current is going to less positive Only the display s Amps and Peak Amps will be accurate in this application 9 1 4 Calculating Relative Efficiency The relative efficiency of two models electrical systems can be calculated and compared by using the Watt s Up in conjunction with a tachometer or other means to measure the mechanical output of each system An example procedure for propeller propulsion models is presented To make efficiency measurements you will need a tachometer or a good quality electronic fish weight scale In order to use the tachometer method you will keep the prop unchanged while changing other components of the system for comparison Start by taking a baseline measurement to compare against Run the prop up to its typical operating RPM using your tachometer and make note of the Watts reading on the Watt s Up Now change the motor gearbox or other system component that you are trying to optimize Run the prop up to the same RPM and make note of the Watts reading The setup that is using the least Watts to run the prop at the same RPM is the most efficient With the fish scale method you can change any of the system components for comparison Mount your fish sca
45. ximum load on the battery or BEC Monitor the peak Amps peak Watts and minimum Volts to verify acceptable values Unexpected peaks may be due to stalled or defective servos or linkages etc Remove power from both Auxiliary and SOURCE to reset the peak and minimum values Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Care 23 1 CARE Your Watt s Up is ruggedly constructed and requires minimal care It contains no adjustable or field serviceable parts inside The case is ultrasonically welded and cannot be opened without damage Opening the case will void the warranty 11 1 Cleaning Do not use petroleum based solvents to clean your Watt s Up Use a few drops of mild hand dishwashing detergent in a cup of lukewarm water Do not apply the detergent directly to your Watt s Up Instead moisten a cloth with the solution and gently wipe your Watt s Up clean CAUTION Do not exert too much pressure on the display Doing so could permanently damage it 11 2 Storage Store your Watt s Up in a safe place where is protected from impact and scratches to the LCD display Do not store in direct sunlight Prolonged exposure years to direct sunlight will break down the plastics used in the Watt s Up Watt s Up Watt Meter and Power Analyzer User s Manual Troubleshooting 24 12 TROUBLESHOOTING Don t see the Startup Screen after applying power Display screen characters are dim Only have volt readings no Amps Power or oth
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