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ēKo Pro series User`s Manual

1. The chart wizard has several icons to simplify the selection of the sensors associated with different nodes Expand All icon Collapse All icon Select All icon Unselect All icon If an Ko node contains several sensors that have the same measurement type users may only wish to chart one of the sensors using the Expand All button KoView will show all attached sensors Then you can uncheck the sensors that you don t want to plot 5 Plot Type Trend chart traces can be plotted in the following modes e Line graph connects data points by lines e Point graph single data points e High low graph display the maximum and minimum of data for aggregated data 1 e daily weekly monthly yearly e Bucket Graph display the cumulative or average data in the form of bars Daily Weekly Monthly Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 45 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Select the type of plot __ Line Graph Point Graph High Low Graph Bucket Graph Daily Bucket Graph Weekly Bucket Graph Monthly Axis 1 Axis 2 Select Axis 2 Measurements E yee Select Axis 2 Sensors p y Garden 1 e51201 Ambient TempHum w 251201 Ambient TempHum Port 4 w Ambient Humidity yiv Node 5 jw 651201 Ambient TempHum Port 1 4 NOTE When using dual axis graphs plot the first axis using line mode and the second using point mode 7 Click on OK button After completing the
2. 1 Introduction This User s Manual describes the features and operation of the Ko Pro series wireless sensor network system 1 1 Ko Pro Series Overview EKo is a wireless agricultural and environmental sensing system for crop monitoring microclimate studies and environmental research Ko introduces both a new generation of sensor integration and wireless technology The key features of the GKo system include e Monitoring and Recording Sensor Measurements Ko records all sensor measurements from many different sensor types locally in the Ko gateway s database to log a complete history of sensor data across different microclimates topologies and soil types The gateway s web service EKoView supports remote internet access via standard web browsers to view data bar charts trend charts and map views allowing users to pinpoint and drill down into data Users can manage all information from a single web browser remotely monitoring one or many Ko networks e Immediate Notification and Alerting Individual sensor measurements can be setup to trigger by threshold or level and alert unacceptable and out of range conditions via email or mobile text message e Plug and Play for Sensors and Nodes Each Ko wireless node supports up to four sensors Sensors are simply plugged into the unit there is no additional work required such as connecting wires to terminal blocks or changing jumper configurations This Operation ca
3. 5 4 F 35 F Figure 8 3 Relative Humidity Temperature and Dew point accuracies For the theory of operation and installation tips for the other sensors refer to the sensor vendor s manuals provided with the sensor package 8 3 eS1110 soil water content sensor The eS1110 uses the Decagon EC 5 which obtains volumetric water content by measuring the dielectric constant of the media through the utilization of capacitance frequency domain technology It incorporates a high frequency oscillation which allows the sensor to accurately measure soil moisture in any soil with minimal salinity and textural effects Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 97 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Switchcraft connector Sensor probe Figure 8 4 eS1110 soil water content sensor 8 3 1 Installing the Sensor When selecting a site for installation it is important to remember that the soil adjacent to the probe surface has the strongest influence on the probe reading and that the probe measures the volumetric water content Therefore any air gaps or excessive soil compaction around the probe can profoundly influence the readings Also do not install the probes adjacent to large metal objects such as metal poles or stakes This can attenuate the probe s electromagnetic field and adversely affect output readings Since the sensor has gaps between its prongs it 1s also important to consider the size of the media you are inserting th
4. Ko gateway Upon application of external power the Ko gateway Page 12 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossbew will automatically power up Check the power on button on the lower front It should now be illuminated It takes about 2 minutes for the gateway to become fully operational Power button Figure 3 4 eKo gateway LED indicators 2 After the Ko gateway has powered up you should see the front indicators showing the following status Table 3 1 Ko Gateway LED status description color o ses Ready Status ala a System running 3 At the end of the boot up period Ko gateway will emit an audible beeping sequence which can be decoded to find the IP address Refer to section 7 1 4 Wait for the Disk 1 LED to turn green this will take 1 to 2 minutes gt IMPORTANT To turn off the power press the power button This allows EKo gateway to correctly shutdown the operating system and takes about 40 seconds Do not shut down the gateway by just unplugging it this can cause corruption of its files 3 4 Starting up eKoView The primary interface to the Ko gateway can be accessed using a Web browser on a locally connected PC 3 4 1 System Requirements e PC connected to the Internet e Web browser e g Microsoft s Internet Explorer or Mozilla s Firefox e Adobe s Flash Player 9 x To install Flash Player 9 x visit Adobe s web site http www macromedia co
5. KoView and XServe Those programs are automatically started when a Sensor Network base radio is plugged into the secondary USB port EKo Gateway Ethernet cable Power supply Vertical stand Figure 2 1 Photo of the Ko gateway The eG2100 Ko Gateway package includes e x eKo Gateway e x USB Flash disk e 1x power supply e 1x vertical stand e 1x Ethernet cable e 1x CD with the software and documentation Page 6 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossbew 2 2 Ko Base Radio The eB2110 Ko base radio provides in a fully integrated package the connection between eKo sensor nodes and Ko gateway The base radio integrates an IRIS family processor radio board antenna and USB interface board which is preprogrammed with Crossbow s XMesh low power networking protocol for communication with Ko nodes The eB2110 Ko base radio provide a direct sequence spread spectrum radio DSSS supporting a wireless sensor network operating in the 2 4 GHz global ISM band The USB interface is used for data transfer between the base radio and the Ko View application running inside the eKo gateway EKo Base Radio USB cable Figure 2 2 Photo of the Ko base radio The eB2110 Ko base radio package includes e 1x Ko base radio e 1x USB cable 2 3 Ko Node The eN2100 Ko node is a fully integrated rugged outdoor sensor package that uses energy efficient radio and sensors for e
6. New nodes detected section you should see the serial number matching the node that you turned on Page 16 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w eKoview Configure Nodes Configure Alerts Manage Users Manage Calculations New Nodes SerialNo 019C 1FFO 1000 00D9 6 Select the serial number that matches your Ko node and click on the Accept button Now you should see this node disappear from the serial number drop down and appear in the Configure exiting nodes table Each node gets an incrementing ID auto assigned by the gateway Configure Nodes Configure Alerts Manage Users Manage Calculations Manage Units New Nodes SeriaiNo 019 1FF0 1000 0009 v Accept Reject View Rejected Existing Nodes Use the self stick numbers supplied in the kit to apply the node ID assigned above to the eKo node for the ease of identification later during the field deployment 7 As soon as you accept the node you should see a rapidly flashing blue LED for about a minute followed by the yellow LED on for 20 seconds This indicates that you have one good radio link to the base radio If you had another Ko node running close by and connected to the network already commissioned you would see a green LED which indicates at least 2 good radio links Following should be the LED pattern with no sensors attached once a node is accepted and commissioned LED Sequence 1 Flash 2
7. eKoView 3080 to 9080 Both 192 168 1104 the internet the router will route panoge p the data to the computer you eKoView 9843 to 9843 Both t21681 104 Scan iba cet e Enter the name of the program into the Application box eg eKoView It doesn t really matter what you put into this box but something that will remind you why these ports are being forwarded would be a good idea e Enable the following range of ports If you are forwarding a single port enter that port number into the Start and the End boxes If you are forwarding a range of ports enter the lowest number of that range into the Start box Then enter the highest number of that range into the End box 9003 to 9005 9080 to 9080 9843 to 9843 e Specify the IP address of the Ko Gateway in IP Address box 192 168 1 104 in the example below e Puta checkmark in the Enable checkbox e When you are finished click Save Settings button near the bottom of the screen For the above example remote access to EKoView will be available through the following URL http 71 131 195 240 9080 The following website provides step by step procedure on how to set up port forwarding for an extensive list of routers http www portforward com english routers port_forwarding routerindex htm Refer to your router s user s manual for further details 7 6 Using a smart UPS The Ko Gateway supports smart UPS devices from APC that feature a USB connecti
8. Flash 3 Flash 4 Flash Repeated Flashes Solid On GD 2 connections LED Color O O O O 000 1 connection No connections Scan Port 1 Scan Port 2 Scan Port 3 Scan Port 4 Scanning the network bi o i gt IMPORTANT If you see a red LED then the EKo node did not communicate to the base radio Check that the Ko base radio s Power OK LED is on along with Disk 2 LED of the Ko gateway 8 Repeat the steps 2 7 for all the Ko nodes that you have and would like to commission 4 NOTE If you do not accept a node during commissioning the white LED will continue to blink rapidly for about 10 minutes and then the node will turn itself off 4 3 Post commissioning 9 After the Ko node joins the network it will send data every 30 seconds for the first 60 minutes to allow users to check the sensor data After this period the data rate 1s reduced to one sample every 15 minutes Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 17 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 10 Turn off the GKo nodes by pressing the OFF button The power off status will be indicated by the red LED flash 11 Ifa serial number from the drop down list doesn t match with any of your nodes you may remove it from your network by clicking on the Reject button 12 If you accidentally rejected a genuine node from your network and you want to recover it you may do so by clicking on the View Rejected button at the bottom right
9. connector Soil temperature probe Soil moisture probe 8 1 1 Installing the Sensor If time permits soak the soil moisture sensors overnight and install wet Make an access hole for the soil moisture sensor to the desired depth with a 7 8 diameter rod The depth depends on the root zone of the crop Fill the hole with water and push the sensor down into the hole so it bottoms out Backfill the hole with soil until the sensor is covered a few inches Push the temperature sensor down then continue to backfill with soil until both sensors are buried For very coarse or gravelly soils an oversized hole 1 1 1 4 may be needed to prevent abrasion damage to the soil moisture sensor membrane In this case auger a hole to the desired depth and make a thick slurry with the soil and some water Fill the hole with this slurry install the soil moisture sensor then the temperature sensor This will grout in the soil moisture sensor to ensure a snug fit gt IMPORTANT Installing a dry unconditioned soil moisture probe may result in erratic invalid readings for a number of days until the probe absorbs water equilibrates with the soil This is the reason for conditioning the probes before burial 8 1 2 Sensor Maintenance The Watermark sensor 1s manufactured from non corrosive parts which will last for years Once the sensors are installed there is no future need for maintenance With permanent crops such as trees a
10. s Manual 1 2 3 KoView web based software interface a Welcome admin Sian Out Refresh EKoview jii Home Chart Configure Network Map Current Readings Alert Events All Nodes Unpositioned Nodes N2 Coupula 00d 00h 09m A N3 Upper Zinfandel 00d 00h 05m E NS Upper Cabernet 00d 00h 08m 5 er are So N3 Upper Zinfandel N7 East Field Caber 00d 00h 06m 5 x N8 Eng1 00d 00h 04m ES tesy N9 Eng2 R58 00d 00h 12m 5 Base 0 00d 00h 28m FI Node 4 00d 00h 07m E Node 10 00d 00h 01m E N7 East Field Cabernet Sauvigion N9 Eng2 R58 Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 E7 Figure 1 3 Screenshot of the KoView interface KoView offers a familiar and intuitive web browser based 1 e Internet Explorer Firefox etc interface for sensor network data visualization Key features include e Map view to visualize network topology and sensor data relative to a background map e Charts wizard to create trend charts of multiple sensors across customized time spans e Network diagnostic tools to performance of network and health of individual nodes e Tabular searchable view of the data using Data view e Alert manager to set alert levels and notify via email 1 3 eKo Pro System Overview The Figure 1 4 shows a basic Ko system Multiple Ko nodes transmit sensor data back to the Ko base radio which then forwards the data to the
11. 2im 36m Current Readings Crossb w The Map page allows you to see two different types of data Network Data and Sensor Data Network Overlay When on the network data overlay users will see network routing information for each node To view the network data overlay click on Network button at the top right of the map page Initially users will see node parent and route information visually Each link represents a parent child relationship The color of the link indicates its quality Link Quality Indicators are e Green Both incoming and outgoing links are over 90 e Orange Either one or both of the incoming or outgoing links is between 90 and 40 e Red Either one or both the incoming or outgoing links is below 40 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 37 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Welcome admin Sign Out Refresh amp Ko V ew Configure Network Map Current Readings Alert Events All Nodes Unpositioned Nodes Come n N2 Coupula 00d 00h 21m Tn N3 Upper Zinfandel 00d 00h 17m aS Nadie S J NS Upper Cabernet 00d 00h 21m eS wd N6 Syrah 00d 00h 06m ie ae See N7 East Field Caber 00d 00h 19m E N8 Eng1 00d 00h 16m El 5 N9 Eng2 RSS 00d 00h 08m E Base 0 00d 01h 29m E Node 4 00d 00h 19m El Node 10 00d 00h 13m F N5 Upper Cabernet Sauvigion N7 East Field Cabernet Sauvigion N8 Eng1 N9 Eng2 R58 Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Techn
12. 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 51 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 4 NOTE You will need admin privileges to access this tab and its pages If you are not logged in as admin the tab will be disabled for you 6 4 1 Configure Nodes Page This page provides ability to the user to accept or reject the new nodes trying to join the network This page also allows users to configure existing nodes that are accepted into the network The users can specify or change name and description of the node and attached sensors You can access this page by clicking on Configure Nodes button in the Configure tab The new nodes that are trying to join will appear at the top in the Serial No drop down These nodes need to be accepted before you can configure them refer to Chapter 4 for node commissioning The accepted nodes will appear in the Configure existing nodes list Welcome admin Sian Out Refresh EKoview A oo Configure Nodes Configure Alerts Manage Users Manage Calculations Manage Units New Nodes Serial No v View Rejected Existing Nodes Name a ID Serial No Description Base 0 0 N2 Coupula 2 0173 38F0 1000 007D Acts as a repeater N3 Upper Zinfandel 3 0178 19EC 1000 009A4 Positioned in the same place as 2007 NS Upper Cabernet Sauvigion 5 01EB BDEF 1000 00D6 Positioned in the same spot as 2007 N6 Syrah 6 015C 3DF0 1000 003D Positioned next to the nuetron probe tube N7 East Field Cabernet
13. EKo gateway Page 4 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Figure 1 4 Ko Pro series system overview Ko s radio mesh network is based on Crossbow s proprietary XMesh technology The nodes extend their radio range by hopping messages All Ko nodes can originate sensor data and also forward data from other Ko nodes Ko nodes without sensors can be placed anywhere to act as repeaters if required Each node monitors the radio traffic in its neighborhood and keeps track of possible alternate radio paths If one path is blocked or degrades it will switch to an alternate path The Ko gateway stores and forwards optional data from the sensor network The KoView web service allows users to remotely view sensor data via the internet and monitor the network The gateway will connect to any standard Ethernet hub or router Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 5 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 2 eKo Pro Hardware Overview 2 1 eKo Gateway The Ko gateway is an embedded Sensor Network gateway device It is based on the Intel IXP420 XScale processor running at 266MHz It features one wired Ethernet and two USB 2 0 ports The device is further equipped with 8MB of program FLASH 32MB of RAM and a 2GB USB 2 0 system disk The e Ko gateway runs the Debian Linux operating system It comes preloaded with Crossbow s Sensor Network management and data visualization software packages
14. Powdery Mildew Conidial Powdery Midew Ascospore Name Chill Hours Syrah Select time range Start Time End Time 2 Sensors Section e Nodes and Sensors clicking on Select button next to Sensor or Measurements will bring up a Measurement and Sensor chooser dialog window Select the sensor measurement that you want to use for the calculations The same calculation name and conditions can be applied to several sensors in the network Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 63 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Measurement and Sensor Chooser Select Measurement es Select Sensors E Ti M3 Upper Zinfandel m 651201 Ambient TempHum Port 3 251201 Ambient TempHum T w N6 Syrah w Ambient Temperature w 51201 Ambient TempHum Port 4 Ti Ne Eng1 _ 251201 Ambient TempHum Port 4 e Threshold lets you set the max and min threshold values for the calculation The calculations only accumulate for temperatures between the Max Threshold and Min Threshold Thresholds are usually crop specific Chill Hours Degree Days Powdery Mildew Conidial 1 Range 4 Sensors Powdery Mildew Ascospore Name Chill Hours Syrah Select measurement and Sensors Measurement Ambient Temperature Sensors 1 Sensors Set measurement thresholds Max Threshold 45 Min Threshold 36 L Page 64 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w When done click on OK button If th
15. Sauvigion 7 0133 6EF0 1000 0001 Positioned at the same spot as 2007 N8 Eng1 8 0103 2AF0 1000 00DE Engineering Test NS Eng2 R58 9 01BA 61F0 1000 0012 R58 Not planted Node 10 10 0136 5B6D 1 100 0068 Node 4 4 Details Delete Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 Node Details e KoView allows users to rename both the node and the sensor Select and highlight the node you wish to rename and click on the Details button at the bottom of the page It will bring up the Node Details dialog window Edit the name and description as you wish and then click on the Save button Refer to previous section 5 4 3 for details Delete Node e KoView allows users to remove a node that is no longer part of the network Select and highlight the node you wish to remove and click on the Delete button at the bottom of the page A conformation dialog will appear if the data has been received from the node within the last hour Similarly if the alerts are associated with a specified node you can not delete it until you clear these alerts Click on Yes to confirm the operation A WARNING It is important that the node is turned off and removed from the network before deleting Deleting a node and its data may take several minutes Page 52 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Delete Node Data has been recieved from Node 4 with in the last hour H
16. Scan Port 1 Scan Port 2 Scan Port 3 Scan Port 4 Scanning the network h le 5 2 1 Deploying the Network Usually the network is established by placing the first EXKo nodes close to the base radio and then working outwards M EXAMPLE 1 Place the first Ko node in the network at a position that is within good range of the Ko base radio and press ON button This will give a yellow LED indicator when placed correctly as there is only one radio path back to the base radio 2 Place the second Ko node within radio range of both the base and the first Xo node and press ON button When placed correctly this will give a green LED indicator 3 Continue to expand the network outwards from the base trying to maintain the green LED indicators gt IMPORTANT If you see a red LED indicator move the node location within the RF range of at least one other Ko node until you see a yellow or green LED indicator Deploying in Flat Terrains The Figure 5 5 is from a tree nursery site Four units are spread over approximately 100 acres This terrain is very flat the crop low to the ground lt 24 inches and the units installed on poles 6 8 ft above ground RF coverage is about one node per 25 acres Page 26 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w G jazd Figure 5 5 Example deployment in flat terrains Deploying in Hilly Terrains Hilly terrains as typically found in vineya
17. The housing includes a cable strain relief Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 95 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Sensor probe Switchcraft connector 8 2 1 Installing the Sensor To ensure accurate readings when measuring outdoor air temperature and humidity the eS1201 should be shielded from direct sunlight and other sources of reflected or radiated heat A commercial solar shield such as the Davis 7714 unit can be used Other inexpensive shields such as PVC tubes can also be used Alternatively you may place the sensor in a shaded area so that the opening is oriented downwards Place the sensor where it is not exposed to direct sunlight and where it will have limited exposure to reflected sunlight If possible place the sensor at least 5 from any surface which is exposed to direct sunlight and may heat the surrounding air Place the sensor at least 10 from lights or lamps and at least 5 from any heat sources such as vents Limit the exposure of the sensor to open night sky Areas that are dry in the morning after a light dew should be okay d NOTE The temperature sensor of eS1201 is rated to operate from 40 to 60C If you subject the sensor to outside this range the readings will be invalid 8 2 2 Sensor characteristics The eS1201 uses is a single chip integrated circuit to measure relative humidity and temperature generating a calibrated digital output The device includes a capacitive polymer sensing e
18. button Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 65 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Edit Chill Hours 1 Range 2 Sensors Name Chill Hours Syrah Select time range Start Time End Time Delete an existing calculation To delete an existing calculation highlight the calculation you wish to delete and click on Delete button In the Delete User confirmation dialog click on Yes This calculation will now be removed from the calculations list and will no longer be available in EKoView Delete Calculation Are you sure you want to delete calculation Chill Hours syrah 5 r P 6 4 5 Manage Units Page This page allows the administrator to specify the default units of measure for KoView page display You can access this page by clicking on Manage Units link in the Configure tab Page 66 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual aK view Welcome admin Sian Out Refresh ee ae comowe MA Configure Nodes Configure Alerts Manage Users Manage Calculations Manage Units Manage Units of Measure Choose UOM a I Metric American Save Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 4 Choose the desired unit of measure from the drop down box and click on Save button This will change the default unit of measure in GKoView Sensors and Chart pages 6 5 Network Tab The Network tab displays network diagn
19. for the powdery mildew epidemic to begin the pathogen requires three consecutive days when there is a minimum of 6 hours of temperatures between 21 and 30 C If three consecutive days at these temperatures are not met the index reverts to zero For each day that this requirement is met 20 index points are assigned After 3 days an index of 60 would be achieved thus triggering the index Once the 3 consecutive day requirement is met it no longer is a function of the model The model will fluctuate between 0 and 100 Losing 10 points on days when the 6 hour requirement for 21 30 C was not met or if at any time during the day the temperature rose to 35 C for at least 15 min An index of 60 100 indicates the pathogen is reproducing every 5 days while an index of 0 30 indicates a reproductive rate of 15 days or less An index of 40 50 is considered normal and would imply a reproductive rate of 8 11 days 1 e somewhere between a 5 and 15 day reproductive rate Refer to the website http www apsnet org online feature pmildew for further details Configuring the Powdery Mildew Conidial Calculation All configuration parameters are the same as the Chill Hours except the temperature thresholds are predetermined by the model Add Powdery Mildew Conidial Chill Hours Powdery Mildew Conidial Degree Days Powdery Mildew Ascospore pics Select time range Start Time 09 01 2008 End Time 09 30 2008 Select measurement and sensors Measure
20. grade I SPYPoaue Brought to you by Crossbow Technology Inc Aj F Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 83 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual It will display you the current version and the new version info Click on Upgrade button to continue The upgrade process will take few minutes Wait for the UPGRADE COMPLETE message and then click on Done 7 3 8 Managing database The Gateway Administration page provides several utilities to manage your data Those include backup restore and delete database functions Backup Application Data Beckup your sensor application data This will geate backup both the configuration and date of your sensor application and meate a file for download Be sure to keep the back up file in a safe location It is also prudent to rename the file to include the date of back up and any other description to help identify the file Restore a backed up file using the Restore Application Data section below HOTE The backup process could take some time please be patient Restore Application Data Restore any backed up sensor application data This will restore both the configuration and data of your beck to the sensor application Backup your cument sensor data using the Backup Application Datas section above WARNING This will oversrite all cument data Your configuration and data will revert back to the date of the back up and all date collected since then will be removed Restore f
21. have been placed Refer to the previous section 5 4 1 for more details on this 6 2 3 Positioning the nodes As new nodes are detected in the network they will appear in the Un positioned Nodes box on the left hand side Map Panel To position a node onto the Map click and drag the node from the un positioned box to its location on the Map Refer to the previous section 5 4 2 for more details on this 4 NOTE You will need admin privileges to upload map or move the position of the nodes If you are not logged in as admin Save and Upload buttons will be disabled for you 6 2 4 Node list The node list in the left hand side Map Panel provide a quick snapshot of all the nodes commissioned into the network It provide a list display of Node name last heard time and latest readings and alerts To view current readings move the mouse cursor and hold it over icon To view current alerts move the mouse cursor and hold it over icon If you want to locate a specific node on the map just click on the node name from the list and the corresponding node will flash on the map Page 36 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual amp Koview Map Current Readings Alert Events All Nodes Unpositioned Nodes Nz Coupula N3 Upper Zinfandel NS Upper Cabernet Ne Syrah NT East Field Caber Ne Eng NS Eng R56 Base 0 Node 4 Node 10 6 2 5 Data overlays Last Heard 00d 06 00d 08 26m
22. refer to the section 6 5 2 before proceeding to the next section on attaching the sensors 5 3 Deploying eKo Sensors Presently Ko Pro series system supports five external sensors and one internal set of sensors eS1101 external soil moisture and soil temperature sensor Both sensors are attached to a single Ko node connector eS1101 soil water content sensor eS1201 external ambient temperature and humidity eS1301 leaf wetness sensor eS1401 solar radiation sensor Internal sensors in the node which measure o Battery voltage o Solar voltage o Enclosure temperature Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 29 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 5 3 1 Connecting Sensors to the 6Ko Node Users can connect sensors easily and within a few seconds All Ko compatible sensors are self identifying via a built in identification scheme 1 Connect the switchcraft connector on the sensor to the one of the available ports on the Ko node You can latch it securely by twisting the lock ring around the connector 2 After a sensor is attached and the ON button 1s pressed it scans all four sensor ports for attached sensors 3 It will flash either red no sensor attached or green sensor attached for a port The node scans port first then port 2 3 and finally port 4 There will be four flashes one for each port and each flash will be red no sensor attached or green sensor attached Following should be the LED pattern during d
23. s Manual The Table 5 1 summarizes the features of each of these options Table 5 1 Features of the different antenna configuration options ee Standard High gain Indoor High gain Outdoor Cable connection lengths Antenna distance to the base radio RF Gain and Range A WARNING When using outdoor mounted antennas all cables must be connected via a lightening arrestor to a solid earth ground for protection against lightening Failure to do so may result in a serious safety hazard Using an External Omni directional Antenna These antennas eg Hawking HAO9SIP usually provide about a 9dBi gain which will improve the Ko base radio range by a factor of two The RF beam is focused to about 15 degrees from the horizontal plane Figure 5 1 Photo of the external Omni directional antenna kit Hawking HA15SIP The antenna should provide good 360 coverage when mounted externally Be careful of the Ko nodes units mounted directly below the antenna as the antenna focus s the energy to 15 degrees from the horizontal plane Page 22 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Using a Repeater Node If the Ko base radio is located remotely from the nearest Ko node it may be necessary to use some of the Ko nodes as repeaters Any unit can be used as a repeater with or without sensors An example is shown in the picture below where there is another facility between the network
24. side of the page In the Advanced Commissioning dialog window you can now select and highlight the node that you wish to recover and click on Accept button Advanced Commissioning View previously rejected nodes Serial Ho 13 KoView allows users to change the name description of the commissioned nodes This will allow you to easily identify the nodes when deployed in the field This can be done later after the node deployment refer to section 6 4 1 14 If you go to the Home tab and click on the Unpositioned Nodes link on the left side Map panel you should see the Ko node icon with the ID of your nodes The ID should correspond to the one that was noted down on the sticker of the Ko node amp Koview Map Current Readings Alert Events AllNodes Unpositioned Nodes Base 1 Page 18 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 4 4 Factory Reset Mode The eKo node also provides a factory reset mode by which all the information stored in the node s memory can be erased such as node ID group ID etc assigned during commissioning To do this press and hold down the OFF button for about 30 seconds You will see Red LED come on for about 10 seconds and then start flashing rapidly for about 5 seconds Then the White LED will come on indicating that the node is ready for factory reset Release the OFF button the unit will be factory reset Following is the LED pattern during
25. than You will need to specify 1 Alert Section e Name Allows to type in a user defined name for the alert Add Alert Dialog 1 Alert 2 Repot 3 Action Alert Name Frost Alert e The Measurement name clicking on Select button next to The measurement will bring up a Measurement and Sensor chooser dialog window Select the measurement name that you want to trigger an alert Page 54 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Measurement and Sensor Chooser Select Measurement 51201 Ambient TempHum w Ambient Temperature Select Sensors Ea Crossb w T M3 Upper Zinfandel _ 51201 Ambient TempHum Port 3 iv N6 Syrah w 51201 Ambient TempHum Port 4 T N amp Eng1 _ 251201 Ambient TempHum Port 4 e Sensor Name After selecting a Measurement type ekoView removes all Ko nodes from the sensor list that do not contain a sensor with the selected measurement type Users can now select the displayed Ko nodes they want to trigger an alert e Alert Condition the comparison operation to decide when an alert should be triggered From Alert Condition drop down list specify an appropriate condition to trigger the Alert VIZ C gt gt sea or fem e Alert Threshold the value to compare the alert condition against For Threshold field type in numerical value in the text box the unit should automatically appear in front of t
26. that don t have the selected sensor type will turn into ccc blue Page 40 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w m Welcome admin Sian Out Refresh amp Koview am KNE Home Configure Network Map Current Readings Alert Events All Nodes Unpositioned Nodes Name Last Heard NZ Coupula G internal Temperature Eo N2 Coupula 00d 00h 26m ihe Soil Moisture N N3 Upper Zinfandel 00d 00h 22m A PRJ Soi Temperature x Ambient Humidity NS Upper Cabernet 00d 00h 25m 5 N3 Upper Zinfandel Ambient Temperature N6 Syrah 00d 00h 11m o ES 18 30 cher S 2 81 89 cbar re Dew Point N7 East Field Caber 00d 00h 23m E m Soil Moisture WFV N8 Eng1 00d 00h 21m E S SNAAR N9 Eng2 R58 00d 00h 13m E Base 0 00d 01h 34m E Node 4 00d 00h 24m E we Re Node 10 00d 00h 18m E 1 64 80 cbar 2 4 60 char N5 Upper Cabernet Sauvigion N7 East Field Cabernet Sauvigion N8 Eng1 1 21 10 cbar 1 39 14 char 1 36 72 cbar 2 52 28 cbar 2 112 70 cbar 2 57 01 cbar N9 Eng2 R58 1 33 02 cbar a i amy 2 49740 46 cb N6 Syrah 2 isn 1 37 18 cbar 2 83 41 cbar Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 6 2 6 Current Readings Page This page shows sensor data from any given node in the form of dashboard and tabular data You can access this page by clicking on the Current Readings link in the Home tab Yo
27. the factory reset operation LED Sequence 1 Flash Repeated Flashes Solid On O CO LED Color Operation Power down the unit if About to reset to Factory reset when OFF P OFF button is released factory defaults button is released A WARNING Never perform factory reset operation when the node is far from the base radio In order for the node to rejoin the network it must be re commissioned by bringing it close to the base radio and following the steps 2 7 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 19 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 5 Deploying the eKo system 5 1 Deploying the eKo base radio and gateway 5 1 1 Antennas Good radio communication between the base radio and the deployed nodes is important for reliable operation If there are several EKo nodes deployed outdoors within a few hundred feet of the Ko base radio then placing it indoors by a window may be sufficient However windows walls and other barriers can significantly degrade RF communication Glass windows can reduce the radio range by a factor of two Mounting the base radio antenna above the roof line will always improve radio range Users should consider using a remote outdoor antenna mounted above the roof line for the best possible communication If the roof is wood then an antenna mounted indoor high up by the roof line may also work If the roof is metal then an outdoor antenna must be used Standard outdoor Wi Fi antennas such as a Hawking s HAOQAT that c
28. the live data from the sensor nodes as they arrive Welcome admin Sian Out Refresh EKoview Pome cat connore a Packet Yield Mesh Health Server Health Live Data Live Data P 3 rows retrieved Time Node Id Packet Name Data 05 15 09 15 14 7 Neighbor Health Mesh 2 4 XML amtype 3 groupid 33 sourceaddr 0 nodeid 7 socketid 3 packet_version 1 router_type 1 baseid 0 node_count 3 high_power 0 version 36 type 2 neighborid1 2 rquality1 0 quality1 0 pathcost1 255 rssi1 211 neighborid2 5 rquality2 10 quality2 10 pathcost2 16 rssi2 211 neighborid3 8 rquality3 15 quality3 15 pathcost3 25 rssi3 212 05 15 09 15 14 3 Physical Health Mesh 2 4 XML amtype 3 groupid 83 sourceaddr 0 nodeid 3 socketid 3 packet_version 1 router_type 1 baseid 0 node_count 1 high_power 0 version 36 type 1 seq_num 12313 health_pkts 40503 forwarded 2725 dropped 5209 retries 53199 battery 4 2 power_sum 1111 board_id 0 parent 10 quality_rx 15 quality_tx 15 path_cost 4 parent_rssi 211 yieldcount 0 yieldservercount 0 05 15 09 15 14 10 N2100 Internal Sensors v1 1 amType 11 group 33 nodeld 10 socketid 52 boardid 1 packetid 1 vRef 417 batteryV 4 206715 solarV 4 446427 internalfemp 28 494505 portStatus 0 packetNumber 64 Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 E4 The top table displays the current data organized by time packet name and reading The data is con
29. time of loading as the end time and will select the start based on the relative date range When a custom date range is reloaded the given start and end date will always be used K Welcome admin Sign Out Refresh Saied M New Chart Modify Chart Load Chart Save Chart Delete Chart Ambient Temp Humidity E Legend Export Data Live Data Current Range lt Prev 05 08 09 15 47 05 15 09 15 47 Next gt 2 Upper Zinfandel e51201 Ambie 90 F Ambient Temperature N6 Syrah e51201 Ambient Tempt Ambient Temperature Export Data N3 Upper Zinfandel e51201 Ambie Ambient Humidity N6 Syrah 51201 Ambient Tempr Ambient Humidity B0F 50 RHI Aupiwny puarguy Senyessdws weiquy 3 n wit Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 54 6 3 3 Exporting data From the chart tab users can export the displayed data to a CSV file When viewing a chart you can export the chart data by clicking on the Export Data link at the top left side of the page A Windows dialog box will appear to open or save the file You can later view or edit this file using MS Excel You have chosen to open 1204074454830 csv which is amp Microsoft Office Excel Comma Separated Values File from http sluggo 00009 What should Firefox do with this file Save to Disk Do this automatically for files like this from now on Doc 7430 071
30. with the electrical contacts on the USB disk mates with the contacts inside the USB connector If the USB disk is plugged in the wrong way the Ko gateway will not boot See Figure 3 1 below 3 Also included are a CATS Ethernet cable and a snap on inductor For optimal noise reduction place the inductor close to the connector that will plug into the Ko gateway and snap it in place 4 Connect the Ethernet cable to the Ko gateway s Ethernet port The other end would typically plug into a Router or Ethernet hub switch Ethernet Port i ge lt Power Port Figure 3 1 eKo gateway connections Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 11 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual ISP 192 168 1 x Router Cable DSL modem eKo Gateway Figure 3 2 Typical network configuration 3 2 Setting up the eKo base radio 1 Remove the Ko base radio from its box 2 Connect one end of the USB cable to the USB connector of the Ko base radio and plug the other end of the cable into the remaining USB slot on the Ko gateway labeled Disk 2 Figure 3 3 eKo base radio connections The eKo base radio receives radio messages from the deployed Ko nodes It is can easily be mounted indoors on a window or window ledge Several other deployment options are also available see section 5 1 3 3 Starting the system 1 Insert the included power adapter into a standard electrical outlet and plug the power connector into the
31. 0 01 Rev C Page 47 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 4 NOTE If you have the pop up blocker enabled on your browser you may have to allow it to open pop ups for the eKoView page Large Datasets KoView attempts to display large datasets which can be accumulated over long time ranges in a meaningful manner to the user To do this ekoView uses aggregated data for charts that span long time ranges The aggregate data is displayed as an average over a time range with a minimum and maximum value Users can view the detailed data of an aggregate by specifying a shorter date range which encompasses that data point e Charting date ranges less than 14 days displays detailed data for every point e Charting date ranges between 14 days and 94 days are displayed as hourly aggregates of the data e Charting date ranges between 94 days and 300 days are displayed as 6 hour aggregates of the data e Charting date ranges between 300 days and 900 days are displayed as daily aggregates of the data e Charting date ranges over 900 days and 9000 days are displayed as 10 day aggregates of the data e Charting date range greater than 9000 days is displayed as 30 day aggregates of the data Plot Type When displaying data the user can choose one of six plot types Line Point High Low or Bucket Graph Line plots connect a line between the individual data points attempting to interpolate the trend being displayed Point plots display ea
32. 27 cbar is gt threshold 30 00 cbar for more than an hour Clear Selected Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 4 To search for a particular set of alert users can type a search string into the top left search text box As users type the string the table attempts to match rows which contain that search string and filters out the results Clearing Alerts Once you have seen an alert and taken action on it you may clear it from the Alert page This will also reset the color of the node from Red to Blue in the Alert Overlay of the map page The Alerts can be cleared from the Alerts page using the buttons provided on the lower left side of the screen e Clear Selected clears only highlighted alerts you may select multiple alerts by using Shift or Ctrl keys e Clear All Displayed clears all the alerts displayed in the given view which can be narrowed down using the Search string In the Clear Alerts confirmation dialog click on Yes The alert will now disappear from the alert page Page 42 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Clear Alerts Are you sure you want to clear 1 alerts Ts oh MI EXAMPLE A user wants to clear all Temperature alerts from the list In the search box type Temperature and only the Temperature sensors will be displayed Then click on Clear All Displayed button If you are logged into the KoVi
33. 4145 N First Street San Jose CA 95134 Attn RMA Number XXXXXX 11 4 Warranty The Crossbow product warranty is one year from date of shipment Page 108 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C The following statement applies to eB2110 Ko base radio and eN2100 Ko node This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation CAUTION Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Crossbow Technology Inc could void the user s authority to operate the equipment NOTE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area may cause harmful interference in which the users will be required to correct the interference at their own expense Safety Information The radiated output power of this internal wireless radio is far below the FCC radio frequency exposure limits Nevertheless the wireless ra
34. 6 00d 00h 05m NS Upper Cabernet Sauvigion Ko Pro 100 00 98 90 87 58 00d 00h 16m 3 N3 Upper Zinfandel eKo Pro 100 00 98 90 83 96 00d 00h 13m 2 N2 Coupula eKo Pro 100 00 98 91 87 44 00d 00h 03m 10 Node 10 eKo Pro 100 00 100 00 90 53 00d 00h 09m Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gatewa Messages 1 E4 6 5 2 Mesh Health Page The Mesh Health page displays per node health and neighbor statistics The data displayed is the following Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 67 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Battery Voltage This is the current battery voltage of the node Hop Count This is the number network hops this node is from the base radio gateway Load This indicates the amount of extra work this node is doing for other nodes in the network The value is the number of packets forwarded by this node over the number of packets generated by this node A load of 1 means that it is forwarding as many packets at is generating High load node could be considered bottle necks in the network and can run out of batteries quicker than other nodes in the network Packets Generated This is the number of packet generated by this node Packets Forwarded This is the number of packet forwarded by this node Last Updated This is the last time this node has sent an update of its state In addition to these health statistics the page also displays neighbor and route information in the lower neighbor table
35. NOTE This will not affect gateway administration user which is used for logging into this web page secure shell ssh into the gateway terminal and connecting to the gateway file system Samba using Microsoft Windows explorer Page 88 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Set Application Administration Password Set the password for the sensor application sdministation user A change in this password will affect the admin user for the senos application Mote This will not affect your gateway sdministation user which is used for logging into this web page secure shelling into the gateway terminal and connecting to the gateway file system using Microsoft Windows User Name admin New Password Confirm New Password Change 7 4 Commercial networks In commercial environments routed sub nets are commonly deployed This can create difficulties in initially identifying the EKo gateway s DHCP address with the GatewayFinder tool as it does not know about non local subnets In this case it is recommended to run the GatewayFinder tool section 7 1 on a machine that is on the same subnet as the Ko gateway or consult your system administrator Often commercial networks link DHCP and DNS which will allow connecting to the Ko gateway by its name without knowing its IP address There is usually a time delay varying widely by network type before the hostname is visible in DNS after the ini
36. PRO Series USERS MANUAL Rev C May 2009 PN 7430 0710 01 NEXT GENERATI ON wi RELESS FOR P PR ECISION AGRICULTURE CROSSBOW TEC HN OLOGY ING 2007 2009 Crossbow Technology Inc All rights reserved Information in this document is subject to change without notice Crossbow IRIS Ko TrueMesh and XMesh are registered trademarks of Crossbow Technology Inc Other product and trade names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w Table of Contents L NV CROC UCU OM sesedicdcaschdeseeduacedec soda scedetosicascodescelutacden a E E E EE EEA 1 LI EKO Pro Series Over Vile Wonca piar r N 1 Te EKOPrO SyS e0 C Omi OM Cine e a E A A T ee tie ween ouediokn 2 Ind EKO Pro System OVerVie Westside TOETATE 4 2 OK 0 Pro Hard ware Overview wiccsessssssescsswscsassecss cveresscdeesessecacseusessssscocosnaesessesosaacnesessseastecesceens 6 Disk CIRO Crate Way svc ciscss staan ipeicicasane A A oyuaicceneaa 6 22 CIRO T5dS6R ACO sas ssesarsaveroasseeacanes tae sainamuasapenaectoas A N 7 0s Ramm EON 06 Corey Sten nee More irees wr ee T Pte IT ey eee eer a 7 2A SISOS CNSOLS ean E E E a sot hesanat E TE 9 3 Ko Gateway Set up and Configuration sssscsecccocossssscccccoossssescecoccossssscecsoossssssececessssos 11 Sek SeMiNe Up TNS SIC OP Cale Way oiri ei a E e A E TE A 11 32 gt WEtUMe upiec ko pasetad ernia AN 12 zo Sarina the syste atts pecans bie Oasis
37. Port 1 e OFF Button ON Button Sensor Port 4 Sensor Port 3 Figure 2 4 Bottom view of the Ko node 2 4 Ko Sensors 2 4 1 eS1101 soil moisture and soil temperature sensor The eS1101 consists of a Watermark soil moisture sensor and soil temperature sensor which temperature compensates the Watermark sensor Up to four eS1101s can be connected to one EKo node to measure soil moisture at different soil depths Soil temperature probe Switchcraft connector Soil moisture probe Figure 2 5 eS1101 Soil Moisture and Soil Temperature Sensor The Watermark provides accurate readings from 0 to 200 centi bars This covers the entire soil moisture range required in irrigated agriculture even in the heavier clay soils The Watermark measures soil water tension or suction which is a direct indicator of how hard the plant root system has to work to extract water from the soil The drier the soil the higher the reading By monitoring the sensors between irrigations it is possible to measure the rate at which the soil is drying out Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 9 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 2 4 2 eS1201 ambient temperature and humidity sensor The eS1201 Temperature Humidity sensor measures relative humidity and air temperature These readings are also used to calculate dew point The sensor enclosure protects the sensor from mechanical damage and a membrane filter protects the sensor element
38. To display the neighbor and route information for a particular node click on the row for that node in the node table The neighbor table displays the route the node takes back to the base radio gateway above the neighbor table In addition for each neighbor to the node it displays the following Page 68 Path Cost The path cost is a metric which represents the quality of path to the base radio going through that node A path cost equal to the hop count of the node is considered a perfect path The larger the path cost the worse the quality of the path Link Quality This 1s the quality of the link to the particular neighbor A quality of 1 0 is perfect and a quality of 0 is bad The overall link quality is the product of the quality in from that neighbor and the quality out to the particular neighbor Last Updated This is the last time the node sent information about this neighbor Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w K a Welcome admin Sign Out Refresh SINOVIEw A Ooo Packet Yield Mesh Health Server Health Live Data Mesh Health Id Name Battery Hop Count Load Pkts Generated Pkts Forwarded Last Updated Volts 7 N7 East Field Cabernet 42 0 1 40490 6045 00d 00h 49m Sauvigion 10 Node 10 42 1 2 38 16378 38906 00d 00h 48m Node 4 42 3 1 51 40493 61114 00d 00h 46m 5 NS Upper Cabernet Sauvigion 4 2 lt 1 40 40483 56847 00d 00h 45m 9 N9 Eng2 R58 41 7 0 05 40486 2006 00d 00h 45m 3 N3
39. Upper Zinfandel 42 2 0 07 40496 2725 00d 00h 41m 6 N6 Syrah 42 0 30 40490 32335 00d 00h 41m 2 N2 Coupula 42 2 3 30 17369 57268 00d 00h 30m 8 N3 Eng1 42 6 1 04 40490 42285 00d 00h 30m 0 Base 0 3 3 0 7 74 5046 39043 00d 00h 29m Node 6 Neighbor Table Route to Base Station 6 gt 4 gt 2 gt 10 gt Base Station Id Name Path Cost Link Quality in Out Last Updated 4 parent Node 4 4 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 00d 00h 46m 8 N8 Eng1 6 50 0 00 0 00 1 00 00d 01h 33m 5 N5 Upper Cabernet Sauvigion 5 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 00d 01h 17m 3 N3 Upper Zinfandel 27 00 0 04 0 20 0 20 00d 01h 17m 7 N7 East Field Cabernet Sauvigion 7 11 0 62 0 67 0 93 00d 00h 53m 2 N2 Coupula 2 00 0 00 0 00 0 13 00d 00h 53m Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 4 Troubleshooting using Network Tab If the packet yield of a node is poor or intermittent check the Mesh Health page This view will show the RF connectivity of a unit to its neighbors The neighbor table displays all neighbors that the unit can communicate with and the Link Quality is a measure of how good the node can receive messages from the neighbor and how well the neighbor can receive messages from the node bi directional quality A link quality of 1 0 indicates that 100 of messages are received Link Quality 0 95 0 50 means that the node receives 95 of the messages from the neighbor and the neighbor receives 50 of the nodes messages Cross
40. Watermark measures soil water tension or suction which is a direct indicator of how hard the plant root system has to work to extract water from the soil The drier the soil the higher will be the reading By monitoring the sensors between irrigations it is possible to measure the rate at which the soil is drying out The rate of change is as important as the actual reading in determining when to irrigate to avoid moisture stress 8 1 5 Determining When to Irrigate Figure 8 1 shows how variations in soil affect the ability of the soil to store water water holding capacity Te RANGE OOOO m a a e A SILTY at A AVAILABLE WATER iii a lt wW ai T S LLI z A Lu or eals O 200 8 1500 DRY CENTIBARS OF SOIL TENSION Figure 8 1 Water holding capacities of different soil types Page 94 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Heavier clay soils store much more water than sandy soils But even more important the plant cannot readily extract all of this stored moisture only the available portion The general rule of thumb is that irrigation should commence before reaching 50 of the available portion being depleted Figure 8 1 shows the soil moisture tension at the 50 level of available moisture Assuming a medium type soil this 50 level would occur at about 60 70 centibars While determination of the proper irrigation point is largely depend
41. ail address for SMS messages use contact by E mail option and then specify this e mail address When done click on OK button This new User should now appear in the Manage Users list Page 60 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Welcome admin Sian Out Refresh EKoview eo M Configure Nodes Configure Alerts Manage Users Manage Calculations Manage Units Manage Users 4089653300 cingularme com guest test com Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 0 Edit an existing user To edit an existing user highlight the user you wish to edit and click on the Edit button at the bottom of the page and the Edit User Dialog window will appear You can edit the parameters that you want to change When done click on the Ok button Edit User Dialog User Name Password Confirm Password t t Contact by w Email _ Mobile Text Message ATE TICingular Delete an existing user To delete an existing user highlight the user you wish to delete and click on Delete button In the Delete User confirmation dialog click on Yes The user will now disappear from the user list and will no longer be able to log into the KoView Delete User Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 61 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 6 4 4 Manage Calculations Page This page allows the administrator to defi
42. an be bought at local outlets or online work well When using these antennas be sure to use the manufacturer s recommended connecting cables otherwise the radio signal may be severely attenuated The eB2110 Ko base radio comes with a 2 4 GHz W1 F1 antenna that can be unscrewed from its reverse SMA connector This connector should be compatible with the external antenna coupling Several options are available for configuring an external antenna the placement of the base radio and its connection to the gateway 1 Standard Indoor Antenna Use the standard Ko base antenna the antenna that comes with the Ko base radio and mount the Ko base radio on an inside window or window seal The Ko gateway can be placed within 8 of the base which is the length of the USB cable connecting to the gateway i al 2 High gain Indoor Antenna Helps improve the radio range of the base The base radio is typically mounted on an inside window or window seal An omni directional indoor antenna should be used for better range Page 20 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 3 High gain Outdoor Antenna Mount an outdoor omni directional antenna above the roof line Use an RF extender cable to connect to the Ko base The Ko base radio and Ko gateway can be located near the router or remotely in attic using a PoE adapter Page 21 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User
43. and the Ko base radio sae ws 5 1 2 UPS For high reliability consider a UPS battery backup to keep the gateway powered during power outages The Ko gateway is a low power device that only consumes about 4 watts of power A low cost UPS such as the APC 325VA http www apc com can supply battery back up power for approximately 4 days When choosing a UPS device it is highly recommended to pick one that provides Status notification via USB The Ko gateway has a preinstalled driver that is compatible with respective APC UPS devices See section 7 6 for details on such a setup Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 23 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Figure 5 2 Photo of the UPS back up for gateway from APC 5 2 Deploying eKo Nodes Placing the Ko nodes properly in the field is critical for reliable networking and operation Use the following guidelines e If possible place the Ko nodes at least 5 12 feet above the ground Radio range will be reduced as the units are placed lower to the ground e A clear line of sight between units is preferable Trees foliage and canopies that are higher than the antennas will reduce radio range The Figure 5 3 shows a correct installation and one that will experience RF degradation due to canopy coverage F A i FERR e F 3 a a 4 e Sin T Tai p CEN F i 1 5 _ iy i E U i n ire I Fal fo T a ha Fj RLS UNS i a ji ay N a w F
44. ateway with a static IP address or allow it to obtain an IP address dynamically from the network Ask your system administrator if you are unsure about the settings for your network Dynamic The IP address is obtained from a DHCP server residing on your network Static The IP address netmask gateway router and DNS servers ane manually set fe atic IP address enter below Gateway te rie NOTE New IP settings will become effective after the next restart 4 NOTE The above numbers are examples replace those with ones appropriate for your network 7 3 2 Viewing the 6Ko Gateway status The Gateway Administration page has a View Status feature at the top Clicking on Status button will show a status page as shown below gt IMPORTANT Ensure that the disk usage does not exceed 90 In that case a warning will be displayed and the bar will turn red To free up disk space see the database management in section 7 3 7 below Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 79 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Gateway Administration eko 0000 10 1 1 227 Tue Mar 25 15 11 23 PDT 2008 15 11 23 up 1 34 1 user load average 0 12 0 17 0 09 Application Server Version 2 4 24 Brought to you by Crossbow Technology Inc 7 3 3 Changing the 6Ko Gateway hostname The Ko Gateway ships pre configured from the factory with the host name eko xxxxx where XXxxx is the serial number specified on the sticker at the bot
45. ave you turned off the no rh r WARNING This wil delete the node and ALL sensor data associated with it NOTE tis important that the node t turned off and removed from the network before deleting Deleting 6 4 2 Configure Alerts Page The KoView alert manager allows users to define alert conditions based on any sensor value from any sensor node An alert is a user programmable event that gets triggered when sensor data goes outside pre defined threshold The Configure Alerts page can be accessed from Configure Alerts link in the Configure tab ak ovi ew Welcome admin Sian Out Refresh conor Configure Nodes Configure Alerts Manage Users Manage Calculations Manage Units Configure Alerts Y 1 s 7 Soil Moisture Max 2 Sensors Alert admin when Soil Moisture is gt 80 00 cbar for more than an hour Soil Moisture Min Alert admin when Soil Moisture is lt 10 00 cbar for more than an hour asa st oette ut Setings Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 E4 Add a new alert To add a new alert click on the Add button at the bottom of the page This will open up Add Alert dialog window as shown below Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 53 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Add Alert Dialog 1 Alert 2 Report 3 Action Alert Name Alert me when The measurement From sensors Is Threshold For more
46. bow s mesh networking software using automatic message retries if a neighbor unit does not receive a message After trying multiple times it will switch to another neighbor Even if only 50 of the messages are received by a neighbor this retry capability may still deliver 100 of all messages forwarded 6 5 3 Server Health Page The Server Health page displays information about the XServe server running on the Ko gateway The following fields are displayed e Version This current firmware version of XServe e Uptime The length of the time the server has been up and running e Average Processing Time The average time the server spends processing events in seconds Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 69 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual e Throughput This table displays the average number of packets coming in from the mesh network and going out to the mesh network Welcome admin Sign Out Refresh E amp Koview me o cn network Packet Yield Mesh Health Server Health Live Data Server Health Server Version 2 4 30 Web Version 2 4 30 Uptime 14d 22h 53m 04s Avg Processing Time 0 069231 Debug Level OFF v Throughput Direction Avg Pkt Rate Min Avg Pkt Rate Hour Avg Pkt Rate Day Upstream 3 139 3564 Downstream 0 0 0 Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 E4 6 5 4 Live Data Page The Live Data page in the KoView provides a tabular searchable view of
47. cal symptoms Refer to the http aggie horticulture tamu edu stonefruit chillacc htm for more information on this calculation Configuring the Chill Hours Calculation Chill Hours can be performed on any temperature sensor in the eKo network Typically users would choose the eKo eS1201 ambient temperature for best results Add Chill Hours Chill Hours Deeree Days Chill Hours Powdery Mildew Conidial Powdery Mildew Ascospore CH Garden Select time range Start Time 09 01 2008 End Time 09 30 2008 Select measurement and sensors Measurement Ambient Temperature Sensors 1 Sensors Set min max thresholds Max Threshold Min Threshold Page 102 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 9 2 Degree Days Heat Temperature controls the developmental rate of many organisms Plants and invertebrate animals including insects and nematodes require a certain amount of heat to develop from one point in their life cycles to another This measure of accumulated heat is known as physiological time Theoretically physiological time provides a common reference for the development of organisms The amount of heat required to complete a given organism s development does not vary the combination of temperature between thresholds and time will always be the same Physiological time is often expressed and approximated in units called degree days D Upper and lower developmental thresholds have been
48. ch data value as a point with not connections The High Low plots display each data value as a bar ranging between its maximum and minimum value Finally Bucket graph displays accumulated change over specified bucket size eg daily weekly monthly for certain agricultural calculations eg Chill hours Degree days Powdery Mildew and average value over specified bucket size for the sensor values The data values plotted for a particular chart depends on the whether a detailed or aggregate data point is displayed When displaying detailed data the Line and Point plots display the actual data value Since detailed data does not have a maximum and minimum value like aggregate data the High Low plot displays as a Point plot for detailed data values When displaying aggregate data the Line and Point plots display the average value of the aggregate point over that time The minimum and maximum value for the aggregate is displayed when the mouse is held over a point The High Low plot displays a bar representing the maximum and minimum value over that time range The average value is displayed when the mouse is held over the bar 6 3 4 Modifying a chart Once a chart has been created user can modify the current chart When the user clicks on the Modify Chart button Modify an Existing Chart dialog 1s displayed to the user User can change the desired chart parameters and click on OK Page 48 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Ma
49. defined logins UserName Password Notes lt Refer to CD sticker gt Standard user login lt Refer to CD sticker gt System privileged login Most tasks can be accomplished using the user account which should be the standard way of logging in Some specific tasks require root privileges Special care should be taken when using the root account as mistakes can render the system unstable or inoperable gt IMPORTANT The remote gateway administration login information is different from the eXoView web administration and the passwords can be found on the sticker attached to the CD ROM included in your Ko gateway package 7 2 1 Access using ssh A remote terminal that supports the Secure Shell ssh protocol can be used to log directly into the Ko gateway The actual ssh invocation varies between different ssh clients For UNIX Page 74 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual systems the command is typically of the form ssh username hostname The default ssh port is 22 Typically it is not necessary to be familiar with the underlying Linux operating system to use the Ko gateway as it comes pre programmed for its intended use as a Sensor Network gateway The Ko gateway is running a recent Debian Linux kernel Users familiar with Debian can utilize all its features on the Ko gateway as it conforms to the regular Debian setup Note that the Ko gateway is running
50. determined for some organisms through carefully controlled laboratory and field experiments For example the lower developmental threshold is 51 F and the upper developmental threshold is 90 F for the San Jose scale Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Thresholds vary with different organisms The lower developmental threshold for an organism is the temperature below which development stops The lower threshold is determined by the organism s physiology It is independent of the method used to calculate degree days The upper developmental threshold is the temperature above which the rate of growth or development begins to decrease or stop as determined by the cutoff method Refer to the UC Davis site for more detailed information and also the upper and lower thresholds used in the calculation http www ipm ucdavis edu WEA THER ddconcepts html Configuring the Degree Day Calculation Configure this calculation similar to chill hours but with the appropriate upper and lower limits Add Degree Days Chill Hours Degree Days Powdery Mildew Conidial Powdery Mildew Ascospore DD Parking Lot Select time range Start Time 09 01 2008 End Time 09 30 2008 Select measurement and sensors Measurement Internal Temperature Sensors 1 Sensors Set min max thresholds Max Threshold Min Threshold OK Cancel Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 103 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 9 3 Powdery Mildew Conidial In order
51. dio shall be used in such a manner that the radio is 20 cm or further from the human body The internal wireless radio operates within guidelines found in radio frequency safety standards and recommendations which reflect the consensus of the scientific community Crossbow Technology Inc therefore believes the internal wireless radio is safe for use by consumers The level of energy emitted is far less than the electromagnetic energy emitted by wireless devices such as mobile phones However the use of wireless radios may be restricted in some situations or environments such as aboard airplanes If you are unsure of restrictions you are encouraged to ask for authorization before turning on the wireless radio Crossb w Crossbow Technology Inc 4145 N First Street san Jose CA 95134 Phone 408 965 3300 Fax 408 324 4840 Email info xbow com Website www xbow com
52. dix E Warranty and Support Information cccsscsssssseccccocossscceccocossssseecesssosoe 107 11 1 Customer DENCE eona A 107 IE Contac EDICTO Yoeri a E EEA TE EE ETE E 107 LRS Rem PROC CI a A E N hea E A EE 107 Hee WaR a a E A S T E E err 108 Page ii Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual About This Document The following annotations have been used to provide additional information 4 NOTE Note provides additional information about the topic M EXAMPLE Examples are given throughout the manual to help the reader understand the terminology IMPORTANT This symbol defines items that have significant meaning to the user A WARNING The user should pay particular attention to this symbol It means there is a chance that physical harm could happen to either the person or the equipment The following paragraph heading formatting is used in this manual 1 Heading 1 1 1 Heading 2 1 1 1 Heading 3 This document also uses different body text fonts listed in Table 0 1 to help you distinguish between names of files commands to be typed and output coming from the computer Table 0 1 Font types used in this document Font Type Usage Sample code and screen output Commands to be typed by the user Times New Roman Italic Files names directory names Franklin Medium Condensed Text labels in GUls Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page lil Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w
53. dows File Sharing Enabled Disabled Only enable this option if the gateway 1s connected to a secured network 7 3 7 Upgrading the eKoView Software Crossbow may periodically provide an upgrade file to enable new functionality fix bugs etc You can download this file from Crossbow s support site http www xbow com eko TechSupport aspx to your PC Each update will have a security code associated with it to verify its integrity Use the following feature to upgrade your gateway Page 82 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Upgrade Application Software Upgrade your sensor network application software Upgrades are available from the Crossbow web site for your sensor network application Download the appropriate upgrade file and record the comesponding security code Though this will not destroy any sensor data in your application it is recommended that you backup your sensor NOTE The upgrade process could take some time please be patient Select the upgrade file that you have downloaded to your PC using the Browse button Enter the associated security code in the field below The format is always xxxxx xxxxx Press the Upgrade button and following dialog window will appear Gateway Administration Verifying upgrade file Upgrade file bin jinux nslu2 eko 2 4 23 tgz THIS WILL UPGRADE YOUR CURRENT SERVER Are you sure you would like to continue re E
54. e Upload Map 5 4 2 Positioning commissioned nodes As new nodes are commissioned into the network they will appear in the Un positioned Nodes box on the left hand side Map Panel To position a node onto the Map click and drag the node from the un positioned box to its location on the Map Once you have positioned all the nodes on the map press the Save button on the top right of the screen to save your changes back to the server If after positioning nodes you decide to rollback to the original positions instead of saving the changes press the Refresh button on the top right Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 31 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual S Welcome admin Sian Out Refresh amp Koview ia 1 na Home Configure Network Map Current Readings Alert Events All Nodes Unpositioned Nodes Jee etn N2 Coupula Based w Save position N5 Upper Cabernet Sauvigion N7 East Field Cabernet Sauvigion N8 Engt N9 Eng2 R58 N6 Syrah Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 5 4 3 Configuring the nodes and sensors When data from a new Ko node first appears at the gateway the eKoView will give the node and its attached sensors pre assigned names The node will be labeled as Node xxx where xxx is its network address same as ID of the node An eS1101 Ko sensor name will be defaulted to eS1101 Soil Moisture Port x where x is the port nu
55. e page use Refresh link on the top right hand side instead Should you accidentally use these buttons then you will need to login back into GKoView 6 2 Home Tab This tab shows a node network map with placement and parenting information sensor dashboard for quick glance of sensor data and list of alerts 6 2 1 Map Page KoView provides users will a mechanism to visualize sensor data relative to a user provided map You can access this page by clicking on the Map link in the Home tab Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 35 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Welcome admin Sign Out Refresh EKoview home Map Current Readings Alert Events All Nodes Unpositioned Nodes esta Name Last Heard N2 Coupula 00d 00h 09m w N3 Upper Zinfandel 00d 00h 05m N5 Upper Cabernet 00d 00h 08m N3 Upper Zinfandel N6 Syrah 00d 00h 12m N7 East Field Caber 00d 00h 06m Map Upload N3 Eng1 00d 00h 04m NS Eng2 R58 00d 00h 12m Base 0 00d 00h 28m Node 4 00d 00h 07m Ga ca Ea a a a a a Node 10 00d 00h 01m N5 Upper Cabernet Sauvigion N7 East Field Cabernet Sauvigion N9 Eng2 R58 Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 6 2 2 Uploading a background map KoView allows users to upload a jpeg map file of the deployment area This will show up in KoView s Map page and is useful to locate where the sensor nodes
56. e Start date chosen is in the past you it could several minutes to complete calculations and you will receive the message below Click on Yes if you want to proceed Past Start Date The selected start date is 33 days in the past This could take several minutes to process Are you sure you want to proceed The newly created calculation should now appear in the Manage Calculations list These calculations will now show up as a sensor measurement with each of the associated nodes They can also be displayed or plotted as any sensor measurements Welcome admin Sian Out Refresh EKoview coore M Configure Nodes Configure Alerts Manage Users Manage Calculations Manage Units Manage Calculations Chill Hours Chill Hours Syrah is gt 32 00 F and lt 45 00 F Degree Days DD April Accumulate degree days when Ambient Temperature is gt 50 00 F and lt 130 00 F Powdery Mildew Conidial PMI Upper Zin Calculate powder mildex conidial risk assessment index on Ambient Temperature Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 0 Edit an existing calculation To edit an existing calculation highlight the calculation you wish to edit and click on the Edit button at the bottom of the page and the Edit Calculation dialog window will appear You can edit the parameters that you want to change When done click on the Ok
57. e probe into It is possible to get sticks bark roots or other material stuck between the probe prongs which will adversely affect readings Finally be careful when inserting the probes into dense soil as the prongs will break if excessive sideways force is used when pushing them in You can safely connect up to 200 feet without signal attenuation For most applications you will want to seal the connections from the elements to maintain a good connection and to prevent corrosion Insert the probes into the soil making sure that the prongs are buried completely up to the black overmolding The tip of each prong has been sharpened to make it easier to push the probe in The probe may be difficult to insert into extremely compact or dry soil If you have difficulty inserting the probe try loosening the soil somewhat or wetting the soil Never pound it in The probe can be oriented in any direction However orienting the flat side perpendicular to the surface of the soil will minimize effects on downward water movement When removing the probe from the soil do not pull it out of the soil by the cable Doing so may break internal connections and make the probe unusable 8 3 2 How does the soil water content sensor work The soil water content sensor measures the dielectric constant of the soil in order to find its volumetric water content Since the dielectric constant of water is much higher than that of air or soil minerals the dielectric c
58. efix eko xxxxx where xxxxx is the 5 digit serial number that can be found on the sticker attached to the bottom of the device e g SN 00006 gt hostname is eko 00006 2 Install GatewayFinder by double clicking on GatewayFinderSetup_ lt version gt exe file found on the CD 3 The Setup wizard would guide you through the installation process Make sure to check all the installation options you will need Microsoft NET Framework 2 0 fey Setup GatewayConfig m Z Select Additional Tasks Which additional tasks should be performed Select the additional tasks you would like Setup to pertonm while installing atewaylontig then click Next Microsoft NET Framework 2 0 GatewayLontig tool Additional icons Cancel 4 Run GatewayFinder from Windows Start gt Programs gt Crossbow gt GatewayFinder In the GatewayFinder GUI click on Scan 6 Allow sometime for the scanning to complete and the GUI would display a list the Ko gateway gateways that were found in your network Page 72 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 7 Make a note of the IP address assigned to your hostname Scanning of subnets in progress 223 1 1 7 10 1 1 8 Clicking on the xserve link for this IP address will open up a Gateway Dashboard window shown below It offers the following gateway shortcut utilities IP 101 120 Launch the eKoView vi
59. ent on soil type also consider the crop and irrigation method Sensitive crops may require irrigation sooner less sensitive crops may not need water until later Surface irrigation may allow you to apply water much more rapidly than a drip system thus you need to consider how quickly your system can react in order to avoid moisture stress See Figure 8 2 Charting of Readings shows When and How Much to Shallow Reading rigate ae jp Reading DEEP SHALLOW IRRIGATION DAYS OF THE MONTH Figure 8 2 Graph showing when to irrigate 8 1 6 Determining How Much To Irrigate Record keeping and experience with the crop soils and irrigation method are essential with any good management system With Watermark sensors properly placed in both the top e g 12 and bottom e g 24 of the crop root system readings will tell whether it is the shallow or deep moisture which is depleted If the shallow reading is 60 and the deep reading is 10 then apply enough water to rewet the top 12 If the readings are reversed with 40 for the shallow and 60 for the deep twice as much water may be needed 8 2 eS1201 Ambient Temperature and Humidity Sensor The eS1201 Temperature Humidity sensor measures relative humidity and air temperature These readings are also used to calculate dew point The sensor enclosure protects the sensor from mechanical damage and a membrane filter protects the sensor elements from dust dirt and water spray
60. eployment phase with sensors on Port 2 and Port 3 and the ON button is pressed LED Sequence 1 Flash 2 Flash 3 Flash 4 Flash Repeated Flashes Solid On 2 connections LED Color O O O EI E 1 connection No connections Scan Port 1 Scan Port 2 Scan Port 3 Scan Port 4 Scanning the network ene IMPORTANT Any time a new sensor is attached the ON button must be pushed in order for the node to recognize the sensor 5 3 2 Installing the Sensors Refer to Chapter 8 for installation instructions for different sensors 5 4 Configuring eKoView 9 4 1 Uploading a background map KoView allows users to upload a jpeg map file of the deployment area This will show up in KoView s Map page and is useful to locate where the sensor nodes have been placed 1 The first step is to create a jpeg image file of the area This can be done by importing a picture into Window s Paint program and storing the image as a jpeg You can access this page by clicking on the Map link of the Home tab Click on the Upload button at the top right of the Map page Navigate to the jpeg map file on your PC and click on Open ee oS The next time KoView starts you should see this map in the Map view depending on your browser settings you may need to close your browser Page 30 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w K Weicome admin SignOut Refresh amp Koview Home Configur
61. ev Current reading N6 Syrah z E N7 East Field Cabernet Sauvigion o 58 00 o 58 00 amp 58 00 N8 Eng1 61 78 F 65 26 F 95 20 F N9 Eng2 RSS Node 4 Time Name Measurement Chart Last 05 15 09 15 37 SM 24in Soil Moisture hour day week 05 15 09 15 37 SM 24in Soil Temperature hour day week 05 15 09 15 37 SM 12in Soil Moisture 52 51 centiBar hour day week 05 15 09 15 37 SM 12in Soil Temperature 65 26 Fahrenheit hour day week 05 15 09 15 37 N2100 Internal Battery Volts 4 21 Volts hour day week 05 15 09 15 37 N2100 Internal Solar Volts 4 48 Volts hour day week 05 15 09 15 37 N2100 Internal Internal Temperature 95 20 Fahrenheit hour day week Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 E4 6 2 7 Alert Events This page displays the most recent alerts from all nodes in the form of tabular data You can access this page by clicking on the Alert Events link in the Home tab aK view Welcome admin Sign Out Refresh Cert Contoure Network Map Current Readings Alert Events Alert Events p 3 rows retrieved Alert Time Alert Name Sensor Description 05 01 09 22 22 Soil Moisture Min N6 Syrah SM 12in Soil Moisture reading 2 26 cbar is lt threshold 10 00 cbar for more than an hour 05 01 09 23 56 Soil Moisture Min N6 Syrah SM 18in Soil Moisture reading 7 23 cbar is lt threshold 10 00 cbar for more than an hour 05 14 09 22 38 Soil Moisture Max N6 Syrah SM 12in Soil Moisture reading 80
62. ew when the alert is triggered a new alert notification window appears at the right bottom side of the page This notification will disappear after about 5 seconds 6 3 Chart Tab With many sensor network applications it is important to view data trends over time KoView allows users to visualize data trends through advanced charting tools Users can create new charts modify existing chart load saved charts and save delete chart configurations 6 3 1 Creating new charts After clicking on the New Chart button the user is shown a charting wizard to help them create a new chart Users can specify the following 1 Chart Name Allows to type in a user defined name for the chart optional 2 Date range Plots data over different time ranges from the drop down box e KoView records all received sensor data into a local database Data is also aggregated averaged Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 43 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual over time to reduce plotting time over long time spans Data is averaged over hourly daily and weekly time periods The user can also specify the custom date range by choosing the Custom date range option Create anew chart Chart Name optional Ambient Temp Humidity Select a date range Last Week Last Hour Last Day Axis 1 Last Week Select Axig 1 Measul Last Month Last 2 Months eN2100 Last 3 Months 251101 Soil h Last 6 Months 251201 Ambi Last 9 Mon
63. h Figure 5 3 Photo of the Ko node installations Left Correct Right Incorrect e For some crops like orchards with tall canopies but some clearance to the ground the units can work at 3 feet above the ground between the bottom of the canopy and ground e Units require about 1 2 hours per day of sunlight exposure to keep their batteries charged e The enclosures have a metal bracket on the back that can be used to secure the units to stakes Page 24 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Figure 5 4 Photo of the Ko node mounted on to a stake The reliability of the network depends on multiple radio connections If the radio communication from one Ko node to another degrades due to interference the transmitting Ko node will automatically route to another Ko node within its radio range This means that all units should have at least two good radio paths to their neighbors or base radio at all times Ko nodes have a unique algorithm patent pending to determine the available radio paths during installation When the Ko node is powered by pressing the ON button node scans the sensor ports indicated by 4 red LED flashes one red LED flash for each unattached sensor If you had a sensor attached you should see green LED flash for that port It will then enter a network search mode and signal nearby eKo nodes and or the Ko base radio to find out how many good radio paths are available T
64. he text box e Alert Duration set the duration of time the measurement must be across the threshold before the alert is triggered From the For more than drop down list specify the duration You may choose from Immediately 1 hour 1 day 1 week or 1 month Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 55 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Add Alert Dialog 1 Alert 2 Repot 3 Action Alert Name Frost Alert Alert me when The measurement Ambient Temperature From sensors 1 Sensors IS a Threshold 38 F For more than nediately immediatehy h 1 hour 1 day 1 week 1 month 2 Reporting Section specify the maximum number of alerts that can be reported within a time range no matter how many times the alert has occurred From the Remind me every drop down list specify the interval You may choose from event hour day week or month Page 56 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Add Alert Dialog 1 Alert 2 Report 3 Action Alert Name Frost Alert Report this alert At most once every week month Crossb w 3 Action Section specify the operation to perform in response to a triggered alert From the Send alert to user drop down list select the user name you would assign this alert to The user name list will be automatically populated by KoView based on the authorized u
65. his takes about 1 minute each time the ON button is pressed The LED at the bottom of the unit displays the status followed by the quality of the radio paths discovered see Table 5 2 Table 5 2 LED status indicators for the Ko node Description No sensor was detected at that port Sensor was detected at that port Description Rapid blue flashing This pattern starts each time the ON button is pressed and after the sensor port scan is complete The node is searching for nearby nodes to determine the quality of the available radio paths After one minute the blue flashing will stop and a color see below will be displayed for 20 seconds After the search is completed one of the following patterns will be displayed for 20 seconds Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 25 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Connection Status Description Solid red No radio paths have been found Move the location of the node or place a repeater node Solid yellow One good radio path found If there is only one node in the network then this is OK however there will be no alternate radio paths to the base radio Two or more solid paths found The node is in a good position Following should be the LED pattern during deployment phase with no sensors attached when the ON button is pressed LED Sequence 1 Flash 2 Flash 3 Flash 4 Flash Repeated Flashes Solid On G D 2 connections LED Color CD 1 connection No connections
66. ile Folder 3 4 2008 3 01 PM py xserve 2 4 20 File Folder 2 25 2008 9 43 AM C xserve 2 4 20 Co J xserve 2 4 22a File Folder 3 4 2008 3 01 PM E D xserve 2 4 22a 6 objects Disk free space 1 20 GB 0 bytes a1 Local intranet Once the file manager window opens the Ko gateway window the files in the usr xbow directory can be read or written 4 NOTE The modification of files in this directory can cause XServe and or KoView to stop functioning correctly Should this happen individual files or the entire contents of this directory can be restored from the read only backup subdirectory 7 3 Access using Gateway Administration Page 7 3 1 Assigning Static IP address The Ko gateway is factory configured for DHCP dynamic IP address Alternatively it defaults to the static IP address 192 168 1 77 if a DHCP address can not be obtained after 60s If a different static IP address is desired it will need to be reconfigured using the procedure described below 4 NOTE In order to change the IP configuration the EKo gateway will first have to be brought up using either the DHCP or default static address For the later case make sure that no other machine occupies this address 1 Log into the KoView interface 2 Open the Ko gateway administration page by clicking on the Gateway link at the bottom link 3 You will be prompted for login Login using user account 4 NOTE If yo
67. ilename Browse Restore NOTE The restore process could take some time please be patient Delete Application Data Delete all sensor application data This will reset your sensor application deleting all configuration and data When deleting date it is important reset all sensor nodes actively connected to the sensor network WARNING This will delete sll cument data HOTE The delete process could take some time please be patient Page 84 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual A WARNING Incorrect use of the Delete Application Data and Restore Application Data functions can destroy all your data Always use the Backup Application Data function first and archive those backups on your PC d NOTE There will be an initial delay when using any of the functions above as the Gateway has to temporarily halt normal data collection to ensure database integrity Normal operation will resume after the functions complete Clicking on the Backup button will provide a link to enable saving your database to your PC Click on Data Backup link to save it on your PC Gateway Administration Stopping Server this may take a few seconds Backing up data this may take up to several minutes Starting Server this may take up to a minute Please click on the link below to save your backup file Backup file Data Backup Please press Continue after the d
68. ion cccccccccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 74 7 3 Access using Gateway Administration Page cccccccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees Ti Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual TA Commercial NEIWOrK Seeria oes acana sree E A 89 7 5 Configuring Remote Internet Access for the ERO Gateway ccccccccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeees 89 Os 6 vem Uc 2s as Os ee Tr a re ee 9 S ZAPPeEMdix Bs eKO SENSORS cess scccecsecseoscachick ooo se E oats eae ee 93 8 1 eS1101 Soil Moisture amp Soil Temperature Sensor cccceceeseseesssssesssssessssseeeseeens 93 8 2 eS1201 Ambient Temperature and Humidity Sensor cccccceeessessseseseeseseesseeeens 95 8 3 lt CSEIM0 soil water Content SEnSOF inci iene 97 SA ES 1301 leaf wetness SenSOF assi sssciccnasiareseaesaacspassanssarsoiadnaniadessenpabagapsanrsassoudiaaesebatenans 99 o gt CoM solar radiano senso eaaa E OR 100 9 Appendix C Managing Agricultural Calculations ssscssssssccccsssssssssssscccssssseeees 102 2I Chill Hoars Calcula osen E O A 102 OD We ere DIS HEAT anae aA E AE E OAE A AON 103 Os Powdery Mildew CC OniGial Nn N 104 94 Powdery Mildew CASCOSDOLEC csspiccoteuisenressesectncstteusalvernianstanuneieasewieconseanauauteuseanmeanees 104 10 Appendix D CRO ACCESSOriEeS esssseccccssseccccssssccecssseccecssseccecssssccecssssecocsssseceessssecessssseee 106 11 Appen
69. is the Routers current firmware Current Time MAC Address Router Name Host Name Domain Name Login Type IF Address subnet Mask Default Gateway Enable and open the ports For Linksys routers access the Applications amp Gaming page and click on Port Range Forward link Page 90 Fri 25 Jan 2008 11 28 29 00 4 1 43 12 5F 98 WRT54G5 Carol_DT domain_not Router s IP address Automatic Conf T14 131 195 240 255 255 255 0 T41 131 195 239 Current Time This shows the time as you set on the Setup Tab MAC Address This is the Routers MAC Address as seen by your ISP Router Name This is the specific name for the Router which you set on the Setup Tab More Configuration Type This show s the information required by your ISP for connection to the Internet This information urac ontara nn the Coston Tah Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Access Applications Restrictions amp Gaming Port Range Forward Port Triggering Diz oS Administration Status Setup Wireless Security Certain applications may require Port Range to open specific ports in order Application Start End Protocol IP Address Enable hee j e a m meo eog fe EE ae include servers and certain jeKoView 9003 to 9005 Both 192 168 1104 online games When a request _ __ a for a certain port comes in from IAE
70. lac ah ales pied hs Stiegl h nahi ees pileai bs fut 12 Dee SATEK ON E Wi perssset cue tad sates oS das A A se Gaeasdaraaian ett aida ee eee 13 4 CKO Node COmmMIssionins sosisssssccasicceseseccdicevcecseesssccaresushecasatscccaasececdensiscesaesnsaecaseisccsacstccucanes 16 Al HORS COUTTS S LOIN sss aoc tceseb aac sae carat aide Sao ea oo eaten 16 42 CSOMM US ONN E 5x5 diese ecto in E news A E E tee 16 A 3 POST COMMIMISSIONIN essensen aa a a a a a a 17 AA Fao RES MOJE ereraa a E a ee eee 19 S Deployme the CKO system oenen aaoun a a aa EEEa 20 5 1 Deploying the Ko base radio and Gateway cccccccccccccccccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 20 S52 Deploying eKO NOES runs cis eka ea oa a oe ee 24 So Deploy gaa 50 Jeno 8 Fos 6 san mee oo re eo oe 29 54 Conero CNG V 16 Wi ost iu ett cscarech rset eoniu a a 30 6 Data viewing using CIC 0 View ssssccccooosssssececocoossssccecocososssscecoocsssssececesosssssseecsoosssssseeesessssoe 34 oes LOID PIOC ee Ro a Peer ee 34 James oa 8 0 8 cae Yeerempeee a reo ee ne as ERT TCT Tne es RE TYE eR net 35 Oo CMAP Ta Deasa o a E AR 43 GA OTIS TAD eenen oe a n Aee Te E OA a 51 OD NeWork TaD as sitectewtiaicicaaica re Wacacdieatnisealiecase E a A 67 7 Appendix A Advanced EKO Gateway Administration sccsscccccccrsssssssssssccccsssseeees 72 7 1 GatewayFinder tool to find the IP address of your KO gateway ccccccccceeeeeeeees 72 7 2 Remote EKO gateway Administrat
71. lement for relative humidity and a band gap temperature sensor Both are coupled to a 14bit analog to digital converter Air in our normal environment always holds humidity The number of water molecules in the air can vary substantially e g it can be as dry as in a desert or as humid as in the tropics There 1s an upper limit for the amount of humidity which air can hold at a given temperature Beyond this limit saturation occurs If for some reason the humidity level is pushed up to this limit condensation occurs and fog or water droplets form Relative humidity tells you what percentage of this maximum amount of humidity is present in the air In contrast to relative humidity absolute humidity denotes the absolute amount of humidity in the air regardless of the saturation level expressed as the total mass of water molecules per air volume Page 96 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossbew If temperature rises or falls in a closed system the saturation vapor pressure will increase or decrease As a consequence the relative humidity will drop or rise The dew point is defined as the temperature at which the present amount of humidity in the air starts to condensate It can be calculated by using relative humidity and temperature as inputs Figure 8 3 shows the sensor accuracy chart Relative Humidity absolute accuracy 40 C ar rc 104 F 1767 248 F Dewpoint accuracy 25 C typical 90 F 72 F
72. lues below and click on Sign In Username admin Page 14 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w Password crossbow 4 NOTE If you do not have Adobe s Flash 9 x installed in your browser you will be prompted by your browser to install it Follow the instructions given by your browser and then retry the above steps For users on a corporate or university network the hostname should be enough to allow users to find the application through the browser Most home routers do not support the means to use the hostname In those cases users will need to use the IP address of the EKo gateway device The IP address of the Ko gateway can be found either using the GatewayFinder tool or using the beep sequence see section 7 1 3 4 3 Changing the time zone of the Ko gateway The Ko Gateway ships pre configured from the factory with US Pacific time zone Since the data is time stamped relative to the time zone users living is different time zone should change this The Ko Gateway Administration page allows user to change this default time zone Refer to section 7 3 4 for details on how to do this Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 15 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 4 eKo Node Commissioning Before deploying the Ko system you first need to register them with the Ko gateway and this process is called node commissioning 4 1 Pre commissioning 1 Power up the Ko gateway and then
73. ly accomplished by connecting the junction applying silicone sealant to the junction and shrinking appropriately sized heat shrink tubing over the still wet silicone sealant 8 4 2 How does the leaf wetness sensor work The leaf wetness sensor measures the dielectric constant of a zone approximately 1 cm from the upper surface of the sensor The dielectric constant of water 80 and ice 5 are much higher than that of air 1 so the measured dielectric constant is strongly dependent on the presence of moisture or frost on the sensor surfaces The sensor outputs mV signal proportional to the dielectric of the measurement zone and therefore proportional to the amount of water or ice on the sensor surface 8 4 3 What does the sensor reading mean The leaf wetness sensor outputs raw binary data there are no engineering units associated with the sensor such as deg C It outputs 445 raw counts when dry When the sensor is totally wet Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 99 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual as in a heavy rain the signal can range up to around 1400 counts Varying amounts of water on the surface of the sensor cause a sensor output proportional to the amount of water on the sensor s surface Most leaf wetness applications disease forecasting etc don t require knowledge of the amount of water on the surface only 1f there is any water on the surface To make this determination a sensor output threshold correspondi
74. m software flash about Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 13 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 4 NOTE If you are unsure whether Flash 9 x is already installed on your PC continue with the login steps If Flash 9 x is not installed your web browser will prompt you to install Flash 9 x and will guide you through the steps to do so 3 4 2 Opening KoView URL KoView is a web based application and can be accessed through a PC s web browser To access the application users will need the KoView URL address 1 Open a web browser eg Internet Explorer or Firefox 2 The following URLs will bring up the KoView welcome page http eko xxxxx where xxxxx 1s the serial number written on a sticker attached to the bottom side of the gateway Realtime Monitoring Username View up to the minute data on your physical environment admin Alert Capabilities Password Get notified when conditions change or when action is needed Historical Analysis Use interactive trend charting to get the most out of your data Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway gt IMPORTANT If the name on the sticker does not bring up the KoView welcome page users will need to use the IP address of the Ko gateway device instead of the hostname The IP address of the Ko gateway can be found either using the GatewayFinder tool see section 7 1 3 KoView requires a username and password to login Type the default va
75. mber of the Ko node that the sensor is attached to KoView allows users to rename both the node and sensor You can access this page by clicking on Configure Nodes button in the Configure tab The commissioned nodes will appear in the Configure existing nodes list BK Vi ew Welcome admin Sian Out Refresh O Home Chart Configure Network Configure Nodes Configure Alerts Manage Users Manage Calculations Manage Units New Nodes Serial No a Accept Reject View Rejected Existing Nodes Name ID Serial No Description Base 0 0 N2 Coupula 2 0173 38F0 1000 007D Acts as a repeater N3 Upper Zinfandel 3 0178 19EC 1000 009A Positioned in the same place as 2007 NS Upper Cabernet Sauvigion 5 01EB BDEF 1000 0006 Positioned in the same spot as 2007 N6 Syrah 6 015C 3DF0 1000 003D Positioned next to the nuetron probe tube N7 East Field Cabernet Sauvigion 7 0133 SEF0 1000 0001 Positioned at the same spot as 2007 N8 Eng1 8 01D3 2AF0 1000 00DE Engineering Test N9 Eng2 R58 9 01BA 61F0 1000 0012 R58 Not planted Node 10 10 0136 5B6D 1 100 0068 4 Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 E4 Page 32 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Select and highlight the node you wish to reconfigure and click on the Details button at the bottom of the page It will bring up the Node Details dialog window Edit the name and desc
76. ment Ambient Temperature Sensors 1 Sensors OK Cancel 9 4 Powdery Mildew Ascospore The ascospore portion of the model forecasts ascospore release based on leaf wetness and temperature This requires a Leaf Wetness sensor such as the Crossbow eS1301 Page 104 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual The Ascospore calculation is based on the average temperature during an extended leaf wetness event The model utilizies the Conidial Mills Table at 2 3 value for hours of leaf wetness required at various temperatures In general at least 12 15 hours of continuous leaf wetness are required when average temperatures are between 10 15 deg C Refer to the website http www apsnet org online feature pmildew for further details Configuring the Powdery Mildew Ascospore Calculation Configuration parameters except for the leaf threshold are similar to previous calculations The leaf wetness sensor Decagon output binary data there are no engineering units associated with the sensor such as deg C The graph below shows a typical output Threshold values around 450 are typical Add Powdery Mildew Ascospore Chill Hours s Powdery Mildew Ascospore Deeree Days Powdery Mildew Conidial PMZ Garden Select time range Start Time 09 01 2008 End Time 09 30 2008 Select temperature measurement and sensor Measurement Ambient Temperature Sensor 1 Sensor Select leaf wetness measurement a
77. n be done within a few seconds Once the Ko node is reset it scans the sensor ports to auto identify the sensors Anytime an eKo node is reset it will immediately interrogate neighboring units to locate good radio connections After one minute the user is notified 1f the node is placed correctly e Network Scalability Expanding the network is as simple as turning on another Ko node as each Ko node has the ability to forward messages from other units that are within communications range with typical ranges from 600 to 1500 feet depending on placement obstacles and radio interference A single Ko system can support up to 35 EKo nodes and 140 sensing points e Extended Power through Solar Energy Ko nodes are solar powered with rechargeable batteries to ensure that the sensors stay up and running for years on out Nodes can run up to 3 months without sunlight e Flexible Sensor Interface Ko nodes are designed to accommodate almost any type of low power sensor and allow for future support of many sensors Two different types of sensor interfaces are supported Simple for standard 2 and 3 wire sensors and Smart which uses Crossbow s ESB Environmental Sensor Bus for intelligent sensors As new sensors are introduced users will be able to simply connect them to the nodes using the Ko s auto identification scheme Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 1 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 1 2 Ko Pro System Component
78. nable rapid and accurate leveling of the sensor The Solar Radiation sensor is designed to be mounted on the Sensor Mounting Shelf Davis Instruments Product Number 6672 The Sensor Mounting Shelf is a Stand that attaches to your sensor and provides a mounting location for up to two sensors For the most accurate readings clean the diffuser after mounting and then periodically Use ethyl alcohol NOT rubbing alcohol or water with a little detergent in it Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 101 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 9 Appendix C Managing Agricultural Calculations 9 1 Chill Hours Calculation Some crops develop their vegetative and fruiting buds in the summer and as winter approaches the already developed buds go dormant in response to both shorter day lengths and cooler temperatures This dormancy or sleeping stage protects these buds from oncoming cold weather Once buds have entered dormancy they will be tolerant to temperatures much below freezing and will not grow in response to mid winter warm spells These buds remain dormant until they have accumulated sufficient chill hours of cold weather When enough chilling accumulates the buds are ready to grow in response to warm temperatures As long as there have been enough chill hours the flower and leaf buds develop normally If the buds do not receive sufficient chilling temperatures during winter to completely release dormancy crops can develop one or more physiologi
79. nd sensor Measurement Leaf Wetness Sensor 1 Sensor Threshold OK Cancel Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 105 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 10 Appendix D eKo Accessories Antenna and cable accessories that have been tested with Ko are listed below Outdoor Antennas and RF cables Outdoor omni antenna HAOYSIP http www hawkingtech com Outdoor 20 RF extender cable CA4NMRSF020 http www com com Indoor Antennas Indoor omni antenna ASB 10MA http www airlink101 com Indoor directional antenna ASB 10DA http www airlink101 com Page 106 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 11 Appendix E Warranty and Support Information 11 1 Customer Service As a Crossbow Technology customer you have access to product support services which include e Single point return service e Web based support service e Same day troubleshooting assistance e Worldwide Crossbow representation e Onsite and factory training available e Preventative maintenance and repair programs e Installation assistance available 11 2 Contact Directory United States Phone 1 408 965 3300 8 AM to 5 PM PST Fax 1 408 324 4840 24 hours Email eko support xbow com Non U S refer to website www xbow com eKo 11 3 Return Procedure 11 3 1 Authorization Before returning any equipment please contact Crossbow to obtain a Returned Material Authorization number RMA Be ready
80. nd vines the sensors may be left in place all winter With annual crops where field operations are required removing the sensors prior to harvest is a standard practice If the sensors are removed simply clean them off and store them in a dry area until spring Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 93 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 8 1 3 How does the soil moisture sensor work The sensor consists of two concentric electrodes buried in a special reference matrix material that is held in place by a stainless steel case The matrix material has been selected to reflect the maximum change of electrical resistance over the growth range of production crops Soil moisture is constantly being absorbed or released from the sensor As the soil dries out the sensor moisture is reduced and the electrical resistance between the electrodes is increased The Watermark provides accurate readings from 0 to 200 centi bars This covers the entire soil moisture range required in irrigated agriculture even in the heavier clay soils The Watermark does not dissolve in the soil like a gypsum block However it does include internally installed gypsum which provides some buffering for the effects of salinity levels normally found in irrigated agricultural crops and landscapes Because they are unaffected by freezing temperatures Watermark sensors do not require removal during the winter months in cold climates 8 1 4 What does the sensor reading mean The
81. ne edit or delete some key agricultural related calculations based on certain sensor inputs These estimates help growers with better insight into the crop health disease outbreak predictions etc You can access this page by clicking on Manage Calculations link in the Configure tab eKoView presently supports the following calculations e Chill Hours e Degree Days Heat e Powdery Mildew Conidial e Powdery Mildew Ascospore After calculations are configured in the Manage Calculations Page users can view the results in other eXoView web pages similar to sensor data For example the calculation results can be plotted or configured for alarms Adding new calculations To add a new calculation click on the Add button at the bottom of the page and the Add calculations dialog window will appear Chill Hours Degree Days Powdery Mildew Conidial 1 Range 2 Sensors Powdery Midew Ascospore Name Select time range start Time End Time You will need to specify Page 62 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w 1 Range Section e Type Select the calculation type from the left hand side e Name Type in a user defined name for the calculation e Time Range Specify a Start Time for the calculation Typically start time is before dormancy Also specify the End Time which is usually when dormancy ends Add Chill Hours Chill Hours 1 Range 2 Sensors Degree Days
82. ng to the minimum wet state must be identified ee ee ainfal gt a a 7 vu c _ ai st 2 O Tm a 74 00 time days Figure 8 6 Sample raw output from the leaf wetness sensor 8 5 eS1401 solar radiation sensor The eS1401 uses solar radiation sensor from Davis It measures global radiation both the direct and diffuse components of solar irradiance This allows users to monitor evapotranspiration From the sensor s output voltage the console calculates and displays solar irradiance It also integrates the irradiance values and displays total incident energy over a set period of time Switchcraft connector Sensor probe Figure 8 7 eS1401 solar radiation sensor Page 100 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Diffuser element and housing are carefully designed for accurate cosine response Silicon photo diode provides good match to solar spectrum Two piece housing minimizes radiation heating allows convection cooling of the sensor and prevents the trapping of water or dust Cosine Reading a mh D i k n 1 1 i CW i Lut Oe Lube Ce a uf Lu td z m ce 1 1 o 30 20 10 0 10 20 3 INCIDENT ANGLE Figure 8 8 Typical cosine response from the solar radiation sensor 8 5 1 Installing the Sensor Spring loaded mounting screws in conjunction with the level indicator e
83. nual Modify an existing chart Chart Name optional Ambient Temp Humidity Select a date range Axis 1 Axis 2 Select Axis 1 Measurements N2100 S1101 Soil Moisture 51201 Ambient TempHum ee ee Be B g B amp 6 3 5 Saving a chart Select Axis 1 Sensors be v N3 Upper Zinfandel fa v N6 Syrah gt N3 Eng1 Crossb w Select the type of plot Line Graph s Point Graph _ High Low Graph Bucket Graph Daily _ Bucket Graph Weekly Bucket Graph Monthly Once a chart is created a user can save a given chart to be reloaded later When the user clicks on the Save Chart button a Save Chart dialog is displayed to the user To save a chart the user must select a unique name for the chart This name will be used later to recall the given chart so it is important that the user uses a descriptive name A summary of the charts parameters are displayed below the name Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 49 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual save chat as Ambient Temp Humidity Date Range Last Week AxIS 1 Sensors Nodes Axig 2 Sensors Nodes 6 3 6 Loading a chart Once a chart is saved a user can load a given chart at a later date When clicked on the Load Chart button a Load Chart dialog is displayed to the user The list of saved charts is displayed in the drop down chooser After selecting a saved chart name the parameters of that chart as s
84. ology About Support Gateway Messages 1 4 The color of the nodes indicates how many potential good neighbors a node has Node Neighbor Quality Indicators are e Blue Node has more than two neighbors with Green link quality e Orange Node has only one node with Green link quality e Red Link has no nodes with Green link quality The Network Overlay also allows you to see the nodes neighbors visually as well as the nodes network information including its parent route neighbors and battery voltage To view this information move your mouse over a node and pause for a second Page 38 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w EKoview jiii i dei Home Configure Network Map Current Readings Alert Events All Nodes Unpositioned Nodes E Name Last Heard N2 Coupula N2 Coupula 00d 00h 21m E A e N3 Upper Zinfandel 00d 00h 17m E Node 10 2 NS Upper Cabernet 00d 00h 21m N6 Syrah 00d 00h 06m Fe rT N3 Upper Zinfandel a p N7 East Field Caber 00d 00h 19m E N amp Eng1 00d 00h 16m El ma 7 N9 Eng2 R58 00d 00h 08m E Base 0 00d 01h 29m El Node 4 00d 00h 19m Node 10 00d 00h 13m E N5 Upper Cabernet Sauvigion N7 East Field Cabernet Sauvigion N8 Eng1 N9 Eng2 R58 j oiio Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 Sensor Overlay When on the sensor data overlay users will see the most recent sensor data f
85. on If this feature is used the Gateway will automatically shut down when the batteries are critically low In order to use this feature a USB hub is needed The upstream port of the hub should be connected to the USB slot labeled Disk 2 of the Gateway using the USB cable provided with the hub The Ko base radio will then be plugged into one of the downstream ports of the hub using the cable provided with the base radio The cable from the UPS will be plugged into another downstream port of the hub using the cable provided with the UPS Refer to Figure 7 2 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 91 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual for the connection diagram Any USB 1 1 or 2 0 compliant hubs should work The hub does not need to be self powered Base Radio UPS Figure 7 2 Smart UPS connection diagram A WARNING Do not plug the hub into USB slot labeled Disk 1 of the EKo Gateway This port is reserved for the system disk which should always be directly plugged into the gateway Page 92 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossbew 8 Appendix B eKo Sensors 8 1 eS1101 Soil Moisture amp Soil Temperature Sensor The eS1101 sensor consists of a Watermark soil moisture sensor and soil temperature sensor which temperature compensates the Watermark sensor Up to four eS1101 Ko sensors can be connected to one Ko node to measure soil moisture at different soil depths Switchcraft
86. on 7 1 eKoView requires a username and password to login The default values are Username admin Password crossbow The default user password can be changed using the Manage Users page refer to Section 6 4 3 Page 34 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w e KoView has four main user interface sections which you can browse and use e Home Shows a node network map with placement and parenting information sensor dashboard for quick glance of sensor data and list of most recent alerts e Chart Provides the ability to generate graphs of a sensor data vs time for a set of nodes e Configure Allows for commissioning of the new nodes configuring node details configuring alerts on the data and managing users in the system e Network Displays the latest health packet readings and statistics received for each node in the network Sub Pages ak vie Welcome admin Sign Out Refresh Map Current Readings Alert Events All Nodes Unpositioned Nodes i Name LastHeard Base 0 00d 02h 26m N2 Coupula 00d 00h 15m N3 Upper Zinfandel 00d 00h 11m i N5 Upper Cabernet 00d 00h 14m Data Overlays 4 NOTE To view the tool tip information move and place your mouse cursor over a specific tab or button and a brief description will appear describing the functionality gt IMPORTANT Do not use Refresh Reload buttons in your web browser to refresh th
87. on an ARM architecture CPU in little endian mode For users who are unfamiliar with Linux here are a few useful commands to get started ed dir switch to the directory dir df list the active file systems and their capacities du s dir list the total size of all files in the directory dir dmesg display the most recent boot log dselect select packages to install into system requires root access ls list the content of the current directory lsusb list all attached USB devices passwd change login password ps aux list all active processes im rile delete a file a e remove an empty directory top live update on running processes use q to quit vmstat list current memory usage w list who is logged in 7 2 2 Access using Samba eKo gateway uses Samba Windows File Sharing to enable transfer of files between Ko gateway and a PC You can use Samba to map eKo gateway directories to your PC or you can use ssh and scp if you have Linux and transfer KoView configuration files A NOTE For security reasons File Sharing is disabled by default Refer to section 7 3 5 on how to enable it via the Gateway Administration page It is highly recommended to place the Ko gateway behind an Internet firewall Never enable File Sharing if the gateway is directly connected to the Internet To use Samba 1 Start Window s Explorer and select the Map Drive icon which brings up the screen belo
88. onstant of the soil is a sensitive measure of water content The sensor s two prong design and higher measurement frequency allows the EC 5 to measure VWC from 0 to 100 and allows accurate measurement of all soil types and a much wider range of salinities Page 98 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 8 4 eS1301 leaf wetness sensor The eS1301 uses the leaf wetness sensor from Decagon Many fungal and bacterial diseases affect plants only when moisture is present on a leaf surface The eS1301 determines the presence and duration of canopy wetness allowing users to forecast disease and protect the plant canopy Since the Leaf Wetness Sensor measures the dielectric constant droplets do not need to bridge electrical traces for the sensor to detect moisture The presence of water or ice anywhere on the surface of the sensor will be detected Sensor probe Switchcraft connector Figure 8 5 eS1301 leaf wetness sensor 8 4 1 Installing the Sensor The leaf wetness sensor is designed to be deployed either in the canopy or on weather station masts There are two holes in the non sensing portion of the sensor body for mounting The holes can be used with either zip ties or with 4 40 bolts The sensor leads can be extended up to 250 feet without signal attenuation When using extension cables in an unprotected environment the junctions between cables must be waterproofed This can be effective
89. ostic information used to determine network health The Network tab has four pages e Packet Yield This page gives hourly daily and weekly yields for each type of data packet coming from a node e Mesh Health This page displays per node health statistics such battery voltage and number of hops It also gives neighbor information about a particular node e Server Health This page displays the gateway server s uptime and throughput e Live Data This page provides a tabular searchable view of the live data from the sensor nodes as they arrive 6 5 1 Packet Yield Page The Packet Yield page displays hourly daily and weekly display statistics for each type of data packet arriving from a node Yield is displayed as a percentage over the given time range In addition the number of packets received by the server over the number of packets generated by the node is also displayed in parenthesis next to each yield number aK yi ew Welcome admin Sign Out Refresh ee o an Network Packet Yield Mesh Health Server Health Live Data Packet Yields pP 9 rows retrieved id Name v Packet Type Yield Last Hour Yield Last Day Yield Last Week Last Update 4 Node 4 eKo Pro 100 00 98 90 83 96 00d 00h 15m 9 N9 Eng2 R58 eKo Pro 100 00 97 80 85 63 00d 00h 06m 8 N8 Eng1 eKo Pro 100 00 98 90 86 96 00d 00h 12m 7 N7 East Field Cabernet Ko Pro 100 00 100 00 86 34 00d 00h 15m Sauvigion 6 N6 Syrah eKo Pro 100 00 98 90 87 6
90. ount associated with admin Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 59 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 6 4 3 Manage Users Page This page allows the administrator to add edit or delete the users that can log into the Ko View web portal You can access this page by clicking on Manage Users link in the Configure tab Add a new user To add a new user click on the Add button at the bottom of the page and a Add user dialog dialog window will appear Add User Dialog User Name Password Confirm Password Contact by e Email _ Mobile Text Message You will need to specify 1 User Name login name for the user you want to provide GKoView guest access 2 Password password to login to Ko View can only be alphanumeric 3 Contact by radio button for alert notification 4 Email 1f you choose to send alerts by e mail specify the e mail address for the recipient 5 Mobile No if you choose to send alerts by Mobile Text message select the cellular provider and specify the number 10 digits without any dashes or spaces A NOTE The dialog window provides SMS presets for commonly used mobile services such as AT amp T Cingular Sprint T Mobile and Verizon If you are using one of the other cellular service provides you should consult your service provider for these SMS settings eg the webpage http www notepage net smtp htm provides these settings for several common cellular providers Once you know the E m
91. ownload has completed Brought to you by Crossbow Technology Inc Click on Save and specify the path on your PC After the save operation is complete be sure to press Continue to resume normal data collection mode Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 85 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual File Download Do you want to open or save this file e Name backup tar Type WinRAR archive 1 7285 From eko 00002 pen Always ask before opening this type of file While files from the Intemet can be useful some files can potentially han your nigh ae if you do not trust the source do not open or save this file What s the isk d NOTE It is highly recommended to copy your saved database to a separate backup directory on your PC ideally named with the date of the backup 1 e copy backup tar to backup 010108 tar This way you will be able to distinguish different backups gt IMPORTANT If your disk usage exceeds 90 you will have to backup your current database to your PC and delete it from the Ko Gateway to ensure continued proper system operation If the disk becomes 100 full the system will not be able to log further data and may become unstable To restore database to a previously saved database click on Browse and select a database file from your PC Click on Restore button to restore it to the gateway A WARNING Restore operation will over
92. rds result in large variations of radio ranges due to altitude changes and foliage Figure 5 6 is a picture of a deployment done in a vineyard in Napa California Radio range between Ko nodes mounted about 8 ft above ground in the vineyard range from 300 to 700 ft typically eg nodes 501 506 EKo nodes that are located with some elevation relative to other units and clear line of sight can achieve ranges of upto 2000 feet eg node 504 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 2 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual EN Nae Ca a at 7 5 EE Oi oy hy By i oat 45 tiated ata N F Ea pole J _ aN 2 par Gg p Figure 5 6 Example deployment in hilly terrains Deploying in Orchards Orchard deployment will usually require repeater nodes due to RF attenuation of the dense foliage The Figure 5 7 shows the single hop radio range in a walnut orchard which is about 200 feet For this deployment the Ko nodes are placed about 3 feet above the ground but below the foliage Users should consider about one Ko node per acre for good RF coverage Page 28 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w Figure 5 7 Example deployment in orchards Ff IMPORTANT Normally after deploying the network users should monitor the network for a few hours before burying soil sensors in case the node needs to be moved or another node used as a relay See section 6 5 1 If the yield is less than 85
93. ription as you wish and then click on the Save button Name NS Syrah Unique td 015C 3DF0 1000 0030D Description Positioned next to the nuetron Network kd 6 probe tube Group 83 Model eN2100 Calculations None Firmware eKoPro Version 5 9 Port Port Ports Port4 Name Sid 18in Model 251101 Soil Moisture Calculations None save Cancet _Restore Defaults Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 33 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 6 Data viewing using eKoView This section describes the features of the EKoView web interface provided with the Ko Pro Series system KoView is a web based sensor network data visualization application 6 1 Login Page To login to KoView e Open a web browser on your PC e Inthe URL field type http eko xxxxx where xxxxx 1s the serial number written on a sticker attached to the bottom side of the device E Realtime Monitoring Username View up to the minute data on your physical environment admin A Alert Capabilities Password Get notified when conditions change or when action is needed tite a Historical Analysis Use interactive trend charting to get the most out of your data Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway 4 NOTE If you re using a home network router or can t login with using the name on the sticker use the GatewayFinder tool from your installation CD to find the IP address of your Ko gateway refer to secti
94. rom each node To view the sensor data click on Sensor button on the top right of the map view place your mouse over the node and wait a second A pop up with the sensor data will appear The color of the nodes will appear blue Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 39 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Welcome admin Sian Out Refresh SKoview _ Map Current Readings Alert Events Configure Network All Nodes Unpositioned Nodes KL n E aan N2 Coupula Aa N2 Coupula 00d 00h 25m gt Node 10 e e J N3 Upper Zinfandel 00d 00h 21m NS Upper Cabernet 00d 00h 24m N6 Syrah 00d 00h 09m N3 Upper Zinfandel N7 East Field Caber 00d 00h 22m N8 Eng1 00d 00h 20m N9 Eng2 RSS 00d 00h 11m Base 0 00d 01h 33m Node 4 00d 00h 22m Node 10 00d 00h 16m z East Field Cabernet Sauvigion N8 Engt N9 Eng2 R58 Copyright 2008 2009 Crossbow Technology About Support Gateway Messages 1 E7 Sensor Overlay also allows you to see the sensor data from all the associated nodes visually on the map To view this information choose a sensor from the drop down box The digital sensor value will appear next to each of the nodes that have selected sensor attached to them Also shown in the brackets is the port number associated with the selected sensor for any applicable node 0 represents Ko node s internal sensor The color of the nodes
95. s 1 2 1 eN2100 wireless sensor nodes consisting of Page 2 Figure 1 1 Photo of the eN2100 Ko node Four sensor ports that support any combination of eS1101 soil moisture and temperature sensor eS1110 soil water content sensor eS1201 ambient temperature and humidity sensor eS1301 leaf wetness sensor eS1401 solar radiation sensor 2 4 GHz IRIS family radio processor module Uses Crossbow s low power multi hop mesh networking software Radio range of 500 to 1500 feet depending on deployment Radio power output of 2 mW Dipole antenna Small solar cell charging circuit and three NiMH batteries Internal monitoring of solar voltage battery voltage and internal temperature Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossbew 1 2 2 eB2110 base radio and eG2100 gateway Figure 1 2 Photo of the eB2110 Ko base radio and eG2100 Ko gateway 1 eB2110 Ko base radio e A 2 4 GHz IRIS family radio processor module to manage the network of Ko nodes The base radio relays all network radio messages from the network to the Ko gateway 2 eB2100 eKo gateway e Controls the base radio station e Runs Crossbow s XServe network management code e Supplies web services for remote viewing of data and network health e Connects to the Ko base radio via a USB cable and also connects to the Ethernet via an RJ45 connector Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 3 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User
96. s from dust dirt and water spray The housing includes a cable strain relief Switchcraft connector Sensor probe Figure 2 6 eS2101 ambient temperature and humidity sensor To ensure accurate readings when measuring outdoor air temperature and humidity the eS1201 should be shielded from direct sunlight and other sources of reflected or radiated heat The eS1201 uses is a single chip integrated circuit to measure relative humidity and temperature generating a calibrated digital output For detailed specifications and operation of the sensors refer to Chapter 8 Crossbow continues to add new eKo compatible sensors to its offering For the most up to date list check our website http www xbow com eko Page 10 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossbew 3 eKo Gateway Set up and Configuration This section will step you through the process of setting up and configuring the Ko gateway The three main steps are to 1 Set up Ko gateway 2 Set up Ko base radio 3 Start up the system and log into eKkoView 3 1 Setting up the eKo Gateway To get started and set up the Ko gateway 1 Remove the Ko gateway from its packaging An included base can be used for upright operation 2 The bag holding the Ko gateway also contains an USB FLASH disk included in the package Insert this device into the bottom USB port of the Ko gateway labeled Disk 1 gt IMPORTANT Make sure that the side
97. sers list Add Alert Dialog 1 Alert 2 Report 3 Action Alert Name Frost Alert Action send alert to user MOTE Alert emails and 1 disabled To enable clii button at the bottom of theepenppee Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 57 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual When done click on OK button This new Alert should now appear in the Configure Alerts list When an alert condition is met e mail notification will be sent out to the e mail address associated with that user refer to section 6 4 3 for managing users A sample alert notification e mail is provided below Subject eKoView Alert Message An alert has occurred on Node 203 Network eko 00002 Alert Name Battery Voltage lt 4V Occurred NOOBS O 2 lhe Aon soa Sensor Node 203 Measurement Battery Volts Battery Volts reading 3 84 is lt than alert threshold 4 00 Edit an existing alert To edit an existing alert select and highlight the alert you wish to edit and then click the Edit button at the bottom of the page This will bring up the Edit Alert Dialog window and you can edit the parameters that you want to change When done click on the Ok button Edit Alert Dialog 1 Alert 2 Report 3 Action Alert Name Soil Moisture Min Alert me when The measurement Soil Moisture From sensors 2 Sensors is 7 lt 7 Threshold char For more than x Delete an alert To delete an alert selec
98. sualization tool Open a web page with the latest server status Remotely manage gateway file system Connect to gateway using a command line console Administor gateway IP settings and backup restore e eKoView launches the GKoView login page in a browser window Section 6 1 e Status opens a web page with latest server status details Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 73 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual e Samba allows browsing files on the Ko gateway via Windows Explorer interface Section 7 2 2 e Ssh connects to the Ko gateway using secure shell command interface Section Teel e Admin launches login page for gateway administration and database management Section 7 3 A final way to find the IP address of an Ko gateway is to listen to its beeping sequence at the end of the boot up period This sequence can be interpreted as follows e A low sound is emitted for two seconds to indicate the start of the sequence e A set of medium beeps are emitted for each number in the IP address e g 1 causes one beep 2 two beeps and so on 0 is expressed as ten beeps e A high beep is emitted for each In the IP address M EXAMPLE This is the beep sequence for the IP 192 168 1 77 High O DLACCIRCE CE O DUNNE Yes 7 2 Remote Ko gateway Administration The remote gateway administration requires the Linux user name and password There are two main pre
99. t and highlight the alert that you wish to delete and then click the Delete button at the bottom of the page In the Delete Alert confirmation dialog window click on Yes The alert will now disappear from the alerts list Page 58 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w Delete Alert Are you sure you want to delete alert Soil Moisture Min tee Air ays Alert Mail Settings For the Alert manager to send Email the users should first configure their SMTP mail settings These mail settings pertain to that of the alert sender This can be accomplished as follows 1 Click from Mail Settings button at the bottom right side of the Mail Configure page This will bring up Alert Mail Settings Dialog window ao w SSL v Authentication YourAccount GMail com 4 NOTE The dialog window provides SMTP presets for Gmail as an exmple If you are using one of the other mail service provides eg Comcast SBC AT amp T etc you should consult the service provider for these SMTP settings 2 Uncheck Disable Email check box Enter the SMTP Host name and SMTP Port number of the mail server Specify the SMTP Settings for the mail server Specify the User Name and Password of sender s mail account Click on OK a oe You can verify the mail settings by clicking on Test Settings button and if everything is correct you should receive a test e mail sent to the e mail acc
100. ths 251110 Soil EEEE Chill Accumul Sushoum 3 Measurements KoView stores sensor values by types As new sensor data is sent from EKo nodes their types will be displayed in this menu selection Users can view available sensors by clicking on the gt button next to the sensor type to expand the selection You may also click on icon to expan all selections eKoView allows users to plot any sensor value of the same type on a chart axis For example after selecting Ambient Temperature check box KoView grays out other types of sensors that do not record temperatures Users can check any of the non grayed out sensor types to be charted Axis 1 Axis 2 Select Axis 1 Measurements E be en2100 be 51101 Soil Moisture 7 51201 Ambient TempHum w Ambient Temperature Dew Point Page 44 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w 4 Sensors After selecting a Measurement type EKoView removes all Ko nodes from the sensor list that do not contain a sensor with the selected measurement type Users can now Select the displayed Ko nodes they want to plot on the right Axis 1 Axis 2 Select Axis 2 Measurements E E3 Select Axis 2 Sengors wv N3 Upper Zinfandel heal 651201 Ambient TempHum Port 3 251201 Ambient TempHum iw N amp Syrah iv Ambient Humidity iw 51201 Ambient TempHum Port 4 F Ne Eng1 lawl 251201 Ambient TempHum Port 4 Sensor Chooser Icons
101. tial boot up Backbone 192 168 1 x eko Gateway Figure 7 1 Multi network configuration 7 5 Configuring Remote Internet Access for the eKo Gateway For remote internet access to the Ko Gateway through a firewall do the following Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 89 Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w Determine the IP address of the router and the Ko gateway 2 Log into your router s we page refer to your router s manual 3 Enable and open the following ports on the router for the Ko Gateway Port 9003 for XCommands Port 9005 for xml stream Port 9080 for HTTP Port 9843 for Flash player security 4 Save these settings and reboot the router The remote internet access to EKoView will be available through the following URL http lt Router IP address gt 9080 M EXAMPLE If you are using Linksys home router follow these steps Log into the router s webpage Open a web browser and type the IP address of your router in the address bar By default the IP address should be set to 192 168 1 1 Consult your router s user manual for details Determining the IP of the router For Linksys routers access the Status page to see the IP address 71 131 195 240 in the example below Applications if eee Administration Status amp Gaming Setup Wireless Security Restrictions Local Network Wireless k Firmware Version vw4 74 4 Apr 11 2006 Router l Firmware Version This
102. tinually updated as new data arrives from the mesh To search for a particular set of data users can type a search string into the top left search text box As users type the string the table attempts to match rows which contain that search string M EXAMPLE A user wants to know all the current sensor readings from Node 10 In the search box type Node 10 and the table will only display data from node 10 M EXAMPLE Page 70 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual A user wants to display all Temperature values from throughout the network In the search box type Temperature and only the Temperature sensors will be displayed Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 71 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 7 Appendix A Advanced eKo Gateway Administration This section describes advanced administration features of the GKo gateway that involves accessing the Linux operating system running on the gateway 7 1 GatewayFinder tool to find the IP address of your eKo gateway In order to connect to the Ko gateway its hostname or IP address has to be known Some networks will resolve the hostname properly so knowing the gateway s IP address 1s not required Most home routers do not support the means to use the hostname In those cases users will need to use the IP address of the GKo gateway device The GatewayFinder tool can help scan and find the IP address 1 The hostname is determined by the pr
103. to provide the following information when requesting a RMA e Name e Address e Telephone Fax Email e Equipment Model Number e Equipment Serial Number e Installation Date e Failure Date e Fault Description Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 107 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 11 3 2 Identification and Protection If the equipment is to be shipped to Crossbow for service or repair please attach a tag TO THE EQUIPMENT as well as the shipping container s identifying the owner Also indicate the service or repair required the problems encountered and other information considered valuable to the service facility such as the list of information provided to request the RMA number Place the equipment in the original shipping container s making sure there is adequate packing around all sides of the equipment If the original shipping containers were discarded use heavy boxes with adequate padding and protection 11 3 3 Sealing the Container Seal the shipping container s with heavy tape or metal bands strong enough to handle the weight of the equipment and the container 11 3 4 Marking Please write the words FRAGILE DELICATE INSTRUMENT in several places on the outside of the shipping container s In all correspondence please refer to the equipment by the model number the serial number and the RMA number 11 3 5 Return Shipping Address Use the following address for all returned products Crossbow Technology Inc
104. tom of the Ko Gateway The Ko Gateway Administration allows user to change this default name Type the new host name in the text box and click on Rename Restart the Ko gateway by pressing the Restart button at the bottom of the Gateway Administration page it will boot with the new hostname 4 NOTE No spaces or special characters are allowed for the host name Use alpha numeric characters only Page 80 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Set Host Name Change the name of your gateway The host name is the name used to refer to your gateway in the browser and with other network tools Make sure to name your gateway something that is unique and easy to remember New host name NOTE New host name will be effective after the next restart 7 3 4 Changing the 6Ko Gateway time zone The Ko Gateway ships pre configured from the factory with US Pacific time zone Since the data is time stamped relative to the time zone users may want to change this to their time zone The Ko Gateway Administration allows user to change this default time zone Select the time zone from the scroll list and click on Set TZ The time zone change will be effective immediately Set Time Zone Change the time zone of your gateway Ensure that sensor data is properly time stamped by changing the gateways time zone to the location of your sensor network US Pacific US Samoa New time zone UTC Universal W SU
105. u can select the node to view by selecting the node name from the Node List on the left hand side panel In the dashboard view at the top all the sensors associated with the selected node are displayed in the form of bar chart The maximum and minimum sensor limits are displayed at the top and bottom of the bar respectively and the current sensor reading is shown relative to these by a grey line and a digital display Similarly the alert threshold 1f configured is shown in the red text If there is an active alert associated with any sensor the bar graph would turn red and display the alert threshold In the tabular view at the bottom all the sensors associated with the selected node are displayed in the form of a table From here you also have a quick links to Chart data from a specific sensor during last hour last day or last month 4 NOTE When you are in any tabular view left clicking the column header allows you to sort data by that field Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 41 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual K Welcome admin Sign Out Refresh altima ne a Map Current Readings Alert Events Name SM 24in S1101 Soil Moisture Port 1 M 12in S1101 Soil Moisture Port 2 N2100 Internal Node 10 Soil Moisture 257 00 Soil Moisture 257 00 Battery Volts 257 00 N2 Coupula 21 22 cbar 52 51 cbar n 4 21 VW 5 N3 Upper Zinfandel Solar Volts A NS Upper Cabernet Sauvigion a a s
106. u have the pop up blocker enabled on your browser you may have to allow it to open pop ups for the eKoView page Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page Crossb w A WARNING Ko Pro Series User s Manual The server eko 00005 at eko Gateway Administration requires a username and password Warning This server is requesting that your username and password be sent in an insecure manner basic authentication without a secure connection User name f user i Password TILLLIT _ Remember my password This should bring up the Gateway Administration page in a separate browser window Check on the Static IP address radio button Specify at a minimum the static IP address and netmask fields Ask your system administrator if you are unsure about the settings specific to your network Click on Set IP button Restart the Ko gateway by pressing the Restart button at the bottom of the Administration page it will boot with the new static address Make sure that the IP settings are correct as it is difficult to recover from a mistake If you loose the ability to connect to your gateway after setting an incorrect fixed IP you can use the method in section 7 3 to recover Page 78 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Gateway Administration Gateway 5tatus View the status of your gateway induding disk usage uptime and running services Set IP Address Configure your g
107. ummarized below the chart Load chart gAgmbiestTermup Humiclity 7 Date Range Axis 1 Sensors 1 Sensors Nodes 2 Nodes Axiz 2 Sensors 1 Sensors Nodes 2 Nodes Page 50 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual 6 3 7 Deleting a saved chart Once a chart is saved a user can delete a given chart from GXKoView When the user clicks on the Delete Chart button a Delete Chart dialog is displayed to the user The list of saved charts is displayed in the drop down chooser After selecting a saved chart name the parameters of that chart as summarized below the chart In the Delete Chart confirmation dialog click on Yes Once a chart is deleted it is no longer available in the load chart wizard Delete Chart This will permanently delete the saved chart configuration named Ambient Temp Humidity Would you like to proceed P The Delete Chart option is used to delete saved charts Charts which were created with the New Chart and are not saved can be removed by clicking the E in the chart tab 4 NOTE You will need admin privileges to save or delete a chart If you are not logged in as admin these buttons will be disabled for you 6 4 Configure Tab The Configuration tab provides a means for commissioning the nodes and configuring node details such as Node name description etc It also provides a way to configure alerts and manage users Doc
108. use your web browser to bring up KoView to login see Chapter 3 2 Locate one of the Ko nodes within 20 feet of the GKo base radio and press the ON button You should see the Ko node scan the sensor ports indicated by 4 red LED flashes one red LED flash for each unattached sensor If you had a sensor attached you should see green LED flash for that port 3 After the Ko node finishes scanning the sensor ports you will see a series of rapid white LED flashes During this time the Ko node tries to communicate with the Ko base radio Following should be the LED pattern with no sensors attached during commissioning process LED Sequence 1 Flash 2 Flash 3 Flash 4 Flash Repeated Flashes LED Color OOO oe O Scan 1 zo Port 2 Scan 3 Scan 4 Trying to commission gt IMPORTANT The Ko node needs to be located within the radio range of the base radio during commissioning process 4 2 Commissioning 4 When you log into the eKoView you will see a notification message at the right bottom of the page saying New nodes are attempting to join the network Go to Configure to view This notification will disappear after about 5 seconds New Nodes New nodes are attempting to join the network Go to Configure to view 5 Go to the Configure tab at the top and click on the Configure Nodes link This will bring up the Configure Nodes page In the serial number drop down of the
109. w 2 Type in eko xxxxx xbow use your Ko gateway s number in place of xxxxx and click On Finish Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 75 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Windows can help you connect to a shared network folder and assign a drive letter to the connection so that you can access the folder using My Computer Specify the drive letter for the connection and the folder that you want to connect to Folder Veka 10002 xbow i Example server share E Reconnect at logon Connect using a different user name en TE AERE rt AEE A re l Pla on UD Tor onne Storage o canner 3 This will bring up the following screen Type in user as the user name and use the password shown above in section 7 1 1 Then select OK Then select Finish Connecting to eko 00002 User name s user Password doaiak r _ Remember my password 4 Once your PC has connected the file directory on Ko gateway will appear as a mapped drive on your PC Page 76 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossbew G EA Jog ay File Edit View Favorites Tools Help G Beck eJ Bi F p Search IB roe ye x e Address z Folders Name 4 Size Type Date Modified Fa 3e ixbow on eko 00002 serve C apache File Folder 2 20 2008 4 33 PM Sy cgi bin File Folder 3 4 2008 2 49 PM l ywavw File Folder 2 20 2008 5 30 PM pxserve F
110. wizard KoView will retrieve the specified data and chart it 6 3 2 Viewing chart data To view a specific value and time on the chart place the mouse over the point and a pop up with the exact value and time will appear The slider bar at the bottom of the chart page allows users to shift re scale the time range on x axis To shift the time range left click the mouse on either ends of the slider bar and slide the mouse Each chart is displayed as a named tab in the Charting window Users can switch between charts by clicking on the named tab for the chart to be displayed Unused charts can be closed by clicking on the E in the chart tab When viewing a detailed data set users can choose to select the Live Data check box This will continually update the chart with any new data that arrives from the network This button is only available on detailed data and is not available when viewing aggregate data sets When viewing a chart users can click the Refresh button on the top right of the window to refresh the chart with current data When viewing a chart with a pre defined Date Range this will readjust the chart window with data from the end date of the date range starting from the current time Page 46 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w The pre defined date ranges such as Last Hour Last Day and Last Week are relative date ranges This means that when the chart is loaded it will select data using the
111. write all your current data Your configuration such as node placement background map image node name and KoView login password and data will revert back to the date of the back up and all data collected since then will be removed Page 86 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Gateway Administration Restore To Date Fri Mar 24 10 24 37 PDT 2008 Restore To Version 2 4 24 THIS WILL DELETE ALL CURRENT DATA AND REPLACE IT WITH THE RESTORE DATA Are you sure you would like to continue Brought to you by Crossbow Technology Inc To delete database click on Delete button and a confirmation dialog will appear A WARNING The Delete operation will erase all the information associated with the nodes from the gateway server Once you exercise this option you will need to bring the nodes near the gateway and re commission them Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 87 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Gateway Administration THIS WILL DELETE ALL SERVER DATA Brought to you by Crossbow Technology Inc 7 3 9 Changing the 6KoView administration password To set the password for EKoView administration user admin input the new password confirm it and click on Change Although this can be accomplished from the Manage Users page of KoView refer to section 6 4 3 this page can be used to reset the admin password should you forget it completely d
112. x Set TZ NOTE it is recommend that you restart your gateway after changing the time zone 7 3 5 Changing the Ko Gateway administration password To set the password for the gateway administration user input the new password confirm it and click on Change A change in this password will affect logging into this web page secure shell ssh into the gateway terminal and connecting to the gateway file system Samba using Microsoft Windows explorer q NOTE This will not affect any users or passwords for KoView web access To manage those users and passwords refer to section 6 4 3 Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page 81 Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual Set Gateway Administration Password Set the password for the gateway administration user A change in this password will effect logging into this web page secure shelling into the gateway terminal and connecting to the gateway file system using Microsoft Windows Mote This will not effect any users of passwords on your sensor network application To manage those users and passwords login to the sensor network application User Name USET New Password T Confirm New Password e TIILI 7 3 6 Enabling windows file sharing on the Ko Gateway The Ko Gateway is configured to disable file sharing by default for security reasons If you are on a secured network you can enable it by selecting on Enabled radio button and clicking on the Change button Win
113. xtended battery life and performance Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Page Crossb w Ko Pro Series User s Manual The Ko node integrates an IRIS family processor radio board and antenna that are powered by rechargeable batteries and solar cell The Ko node provides a direct sequence spread spectrum radio DSSS supporting the 2 4 GHz global ISM band Ko node is capable of outdoor radio range of 500 to 1500 feet depending on deployment The nodes come preprogrammed and configured with Crossbow s XMesh low power networking protocol This provides plug and play network scalability for wireless sensor network The eN2100 Ko node consists of the following Page 8 Four sensor ports connectors supporting any combination of eS1101 or eS1201 sensors IRIS family 2 4GHz radios pre programmed with Crossbow s XMesh low power networking protocol Dipole 2 4 GHz antenna Battery holder for 3 NiMH rechargeable AA batteries These batteries are delivered fully charged and should be able to power the unit 3 4 months without sunlight Solar cell and recharging circuitry On board internal sensing of temperature solar cell voltage and battery voltage On and OFF buttons Multicolor status LED Waterproof enclosure with mounting bracket Serial Number Mounting bracket Figure 2 3 Front and rear views of the Ko node Doc 7430 0710 01 Rev C Ko Pro Series User s Manual Crossb w Sensor Port 2 Sensor

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