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MiranSaphire A - User Manual

1. Detection Detection Accuracy Library HRL HRL Limit Limit of Compound Name Acronym see key ppm mg m3 _ ppm mg m3 Wavelength Pathlength reading NITROUS OXIDE N20 SL 100 180 0 04 0 072 4 500 Long 10 OCTANE OCTANE H XL 1000 4681 5 23 41 3 333 Short 25 OCTANE OCTANE L XL 100 468 0 35 1 64 3 333 Long 25 PENTANE PENTANE XL 2000 5913 6 17 74 11 060 Long 10 PERCHLOROETHYLENE PERC H SL 500 3398 2 13 59 11 010 Short 10 PERCHLOROETHYLENE PERC L SL 50 340 0 09 0 612 11 010 Long 20 PERCHLOROETHYLENE PERC L SL 50 340 0 4 2 72 12 884 Long 10 PGMEA PGMEA XL 50 271 0 07 0 38 8 204 Long 20 PHOSGENE PHOSGENE XL 5 20 0 05 0 20 11 876 Long 10 PROPANE PROPANE XL 2000 3614 20 36 14 13 436 Long 10 n PROPANOL PROPOH XL 500 1231 0 6 1 48 10 388 Long 10 PROPYLENE OXIDE PROPOXID XL 200 476 0 7 1 67 12 044 Long 15 PYRIDINE PYRIDINE XL 100 324 1 5 4 86 9 812 Long 10 TRICHLOROMONOFLUOROMETHANE R11 XL 1000 5630 1 5 63 10 796 Long 15 TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE R113 SL 1000 7679 1 7 13 05 11 108 Short 15 TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE R113 SL 1000 7679 2 5 19 20 9 716 Short 10 1 2 DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE R114 SL 1000 7005 2 14 01 9 668 Short 10 1 2 DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE R114 SL 1000 7005 1 5 10 51 11 900 Short 10 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE R12 SL 1000 4955 1 4 6 94 10 940 Short 15 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE R12 SL 1000 4955 1 5 7 43 9 212 Short 15 DICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE R123 H SL 200 1253 1
2. G GENERATE THE P MATRIX Note The following assumes Microsoft Excel is used to generate the P Matrix The procedure may differ if other programs or instruments such as a calculator are used 1 For Single Gas Library Application Enter absorbancies from the individual compound injections made during the calibration in one column starting at cell B2 Absorbancies should be entered to four decimal places For Multi Gas Library Application Enter absorbancies starting at cell B2 Enter absorbancies for each wavelength in adjacent columns Absorbancies should be entered to four decimal places Enter the next compound directly below the first compound see example below Wavelength 1 2 0 0058 0 Compound 1 0 0128 0 0 0217 1 0 0001 100 Compound 2 0 0002 214 0 0002 355 Appendix C Scan Calibration Procedure 2 For Single Gas Library Application Click first cell adjacent to the absorbance matrix C2 if application is single gas and type B2 2 without the quotation marks and press the Enter key Return the mouse to the lower comer of cell C2 if single gas application until the mouse character turns into an Press the left mouse button and drag the cell to the same length as the absorbance matrix Label this the A matrix in the column to the left For Multi Gas Library Application Click first cell adjacent to the upper right hand cell of the absorbance matrix and type
3. 0 160 0 140 Methyl Acrylate 0 120 0 100 0 080 0 060 Absorbance 0 040 0 020 0 000 8 0 020 Wavelength In Microns Figure 6 1 Alternate Wavelength Example To effectively use the alternate wavelengths refer to a book of infrared spectra or access an internet web site such as http webbook nist gov chemistry Alternately the optional ThermoMatch Spectrum Correlation Software may be used to graph spectra Chapter 6 Change Application SPECTRUM SCAN This feature invokes the screen shown below It allows scanning of all measurable wavelengths Before starting this analysis configure a site and set the logging parameters NOTE Ifthe unit is not configured for scanning with the ThermoMatch Spectrum Correlation Software menu items 3 6 will not appear on the Scanning Lib menu Press 1 to scan a user defined 2 um section of the filter from 8 000 um to 14 000 um at long pathlength This is a peak picker routine that allows the identification of the absorbance characteristics within the defined region This aids in the development of user calibrations Press 2 to perform a peak pick at short pathlength Press 3 through 6 to invoke a scan routine They all scan the fixed bandpass filters and the entire linear variable filter region Full scan runs a slightly higher quality scan by more signal averaging and
4. Note The black bands above and below the left portion of the screen indicate that the analyzer is actively making measurements In addition to reading Current Concentration the user can view data of the following on the left side of the display by using the up or down arrow key if so configured see Chapter 7 View Enable Absorbance Average Concentration Maximum Concentration Maximum Concentration Time Minimum Concentration Minimum Concentration Time STEL Concentration STEL Maximum Concentration STEL Maximum Concentration Time Intensity Chapter 5 Analysis LOG The Log function saves measurement values for later downloading to a PC or printer To begin the log function press 1 Log from the Analysis Menu If a site has not been created the display reads Must start site before logging If logging was not set up the display reads Logging is not configured If the timed log feature is active but not started the display reads Wait for start of timed log Wait for the timer to time out or press ENTER to start logging now When logging begins the display reads Log in progress and the time or samples remaining When logging is completed and if save is manual the display asks Save this log Press 1 to repeat the logging procedure or ENTER to save the log If saved the display reads STORED To stop logging press the ESCAPE key This has no impact on the current analysis ZERO The
5. note no separation character after last flag each flag name is left justified trailing spaces suppressed or undefined OKAY No flags active Measurement Data Validity Flags Fault Description When Valid Character size Format Concentration validity flags measured during the data logging interval When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 12 to 448 max Same as Validity Flags Okay All Flags Without CrLf but a lt CR gt lt LF gt separates each flag note no lt CR gt lt LF gt after last flag Measurement Data Validity Flags Okay All Flags Without CrLf Description When Valid Character size Format Concentration validity flags measured during the data logging interval When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 1 Measurement fault flags in order of display precedence no measurement fault x Fault A D overflow i Calculation overflow Calculation underflow gt HRL overflow v A D underflow Zz Zero invalid p Purge invalid 14 21 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 46 Measurement Data Validity Flags Alarm High Description When Valid Character size Format Concentration validity flags measured during the data logging interval When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 1 Measurement high alarm flag Undefined No measurement alarm H
6. For Multi Gas Library Application Each column of the P matrix contains the P linear and Q quadratic terms for each compound The first half of the numbers in each column are the P terms and the second half are their associated Q terms see table below H ENTER P MATRIX INTO THE ANALYZER AND VERIFY CALIBRATION ACCURACY 1 ON ee oS 10 11 12 13 14 The P matrix for a single compound application consists of two numbers the P linear term and the Q Quadratic term From the Main Menu select 4 Config Setup Select 5 Analysis Press More Select 3 Applic View and edit If entering a P Matrix for a multi compound application go to step 14 For Single Gas Library Application Press Prev to view the Meas Absorb gt Conc screen For Single Gas Library Application In the Meas Absorb gt Conc screen select 1 change and 1 Range 1 For Single Gas Library Application Select 1 Q and enter the Q term Select Enter to accept For Single Gas Library Application Select 2 P and enter the P term Select Enter to accept For Single Gas Library Application The R term is left at Zero For Single Gas Library Application Select 4 Absorb range and enter the absorbance value x 1 2 of the maximum concentration of application For Single Gas Library Application If entering a P Matrix for a single compound application go to step 19 For Multi Gas Libra
7. The information in Figure 7 1 was generated by enabling a reference compensation at the default wavelength setting of 4 004 microns The data was logged at one minute intervals in the continuous mode For graphing purposes the text data was converted into an Excel spread sheet using the Data Parse option ETO 11 6 Um DRIFT WITH REFERENCE COMPENSATION 4 004 lm 10 MINUTE WARMUP 8 9 101 111 121 MINUTES ETO 11 6 m DRIFT WITH NO REFERENCE COMPENSATION 10 MINUTE WARMUP E t3 a S 121 D MINUTES Figure 7 1 Effect of Reference Compensation Humidity Compensation Changes in ambient humidity can significantly affect the accuracy of the gas concentration When humidity levels change from the zero time the gas concentration can either rise or fall as those ambient levels rise and fall respectively For example if the analyzer is zeroed in a 30 RH area and then taken to an 80 RH area the reading for the gas will most likely rise The level of fluctuation is gas and wavelength dependent Optimal compensation is accomplished if the change in relative humidity is 20 If there is a larger change rezeroing the instrument is recommended To Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup compensate for this effect the analyzer employs an analysis wavelength which is responsive mainly to water vapor Intensity changes at this and the reference wavelength may be used to correct for changes
8. Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Note This table only contains P term values because this is all that is required for humidity compensation Temperature Compensation Temperature Compensation sets the temperature compensation off or on The last compensation condition configured is shown on the display If this is the compensation condition for the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the compensation condition The Temperature Compensation Select Display appears see Temperature Compensation Display below Select the condition for the application Off or On The display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Application temp comp ref M E off Temperature Compensation Display Pressure Compensation Pressure Compensation sets the pressure compensation off or on The last compensation condition configured is shown on the display If this is the compensation condition for the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the compensation condition The Pressure Compensation Select Display appears see Pressure Compensation Display below Select the condition for the application Off or On The display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the Reference Compensation Summary Note There is no pressure sensor in the in
9. tiois ia a a E a ania aaa helen 11 1 PLO ECOG relance a E E A O E N EA EEE 11 2 vi 12 User Performance Verification sccccccccsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssessssesssssessssseces 12 1 Tint Cti OM a e a n varia cask E aE nants Qustdelead E leciaerie Geeta 12 1 TOC CUTS pcx ato ages Paths nes ata a ana ct aics a a a dd Sette Wade nati a 12 1 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial cccccisecessscscccccesecsovescsssoncosssseveessssovceseseeevsnsesegeeseses 13 1 OVETVIEW irai sata Sacha Se ean ns Raa Sg sh had la Sd Stal Pieter tel a 13 1 Plectromacnetic Energy iere ni a aiea eana t A T E aa AT a 13 1 Basic Properties of WaVeSessi seresa arro iore anihan iN EERE EREA AERE anA ATTE 13 3 Atoms and Molecules in Motion ssssessssseesseesessessseesseseessseserssressessrsseessessresresseeseese 13 4 Qualitative Analysis Identifying Compounds ceeceecceescecenseceteceeeeeseeeeseeesaeenes 13 7 Quantitative Analysis Measuring Absorption Levels ss ssssssessessssssessessrssressetse 13 15 The Beers Lambert LaWo anoa a le Sa a E 13 16 Infrared Spectroscopy SUMMAary ss ssssssesseseeeseessessesseessesstesetesesersstesseserssessessessees 13 18 How the SapphIRe Analyzer Works cccccesccesscesceesceceseceeeeeecseceeeseecnaeceseeeees 13 19 14 Custom Report Formatting esssesssesssecssocesocesoocesocsssecssocesocssoocesocssoecssocesoosssosess 14 1 Generala menea ea aaa a a a A AR AA AE ARAE as 14 1 Obtaining a Cus
10. Relation of Transmittance to Absorbance Units Since both transmittance T Ip I and Absorbance A logio Io I are derived from the same proportion of intensity of incident vs transmitted energy we can substitute to solve for the value of A in terms of T This relationship is A logio 1 T Therefore the absorbance value at 100 Transmittance is 0 Summary e Transmittance and Absorbance Units are the standard measures for representing the intensity of absorption of IR energy e The most accurate calibration readings with the SapphIRe Analyzer are obtained at full scale between 0 2 and 0 6 AU which represents a 67 25 transmittance of IR energy e AUs are derived from Transmittance a ratio of intensity of IR radiation entering and leaving the sample cell THE BEER LAMBERT LAW The Beer Lambert Law usually referred to as Beer s Law describes the relationship between absorption and concentration It states that the amount of energy absorbed at a certain wavelength is directly proportional to the concentration of the sample and to the pathlength over which the energy travels through the sample A kCL where A is the absorbance of the sample gas This number represents the amount of IR energy absorbed by the gas molecules in the sample cell 13 16 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial k is a proportionality constant often known as the absorptivity It is related to wavelengths absorbed by particular chemicals
11. 13 6 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial Summary e Atthe atomic and molecular level all matter regardless of size or composition is in constant motion e The bonds holding atoms together in molecules can be thought to behave much like a Slinky spring The spring like wagging stretching and bending motions of the bonds are forms of molecular vibration e Each molecular bond has a natural frequency associated with each type of vibration e Energy can be absorbed by the molecule if the frequency or wavelength of the incident energy matches resonates with the natural frequency of one or more of the molecule s bonds The whole classification of normal vibrations is quite complex and would require a detailed mathematical treatment that is beyond this document The main point is that vibrational characteristics of molecules allow us to determine what kind and how much of a molecule is present QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS IDENTIFYING COMPOUNDS Spectroscopy is the study of how energy typical electromagnetic energy interacts with matter We use selected areas between 1 8 to 14 1 um band of the electromagnetic spectrum because higher energy levels such as those used in mass spectrometry break the molecules down to the atomic or subatomic particle level While nuclear magnetic resonance and other techniques are useful for determining the atomic properties of molecules they are not designed for fingerprinting molecules and identifyin
12. 8 200 0 1044 9 375 0 0454 8 225 0 0900 9 400 0 0449 8 250 0 0818 9 425 0 0430 8 275 0 0775 9 450 0 0408 8 300 0 0760 9 475 0 0378 8 325 0 0759 9 500 0 0347 8 350 0 0753 9 525 0 0315 8 375 0 0744 9 550 0 0283 8 400 0 0730 9 575 0 0249 8 425 0 0718 9 600 0 0220 8 450 0 0699 9 625 0 0190 8 475 0 0681 9 650 0 0174 8 500 0 0674 9 675 0 0156 8 525 0 0672 9 700 0 0144 8 550 0 0677 9 725 0 0136 8 575 0 0690 9 750 0 0000 8 600 0 0702 9 775 0 0000 8 625 0 0711 9 800 0 0000 8 650 0 0710 9 825 0 0000 8 675 0 0697 9 850 0 0000 8 700 0 0665 9 875 0 0000 Wavelength P_ 0 0000 0 0135 0 0138 9 975 0 0137 10 000 0 0138 10 025 0 0138 10 050 0 0132 10 075 0 0131 10 100 0 0131 10 125 0 0126 10 150 0 0121 10 175 0 0122 10 200 0 0123 10 225 0 0125 10 250 0 0129 10 275 0 0131 10 300 0 0137 10 325 0 0143 10 350 0 0147 10 375 0 0157 10 400 0 0160 10 425 0 0168 10 450 0 0174 10 475 0 0188 10 500 0 0194 10 525 0 0205 10 550 0 0215 10 575 0 0221 10 600 0 0232 10 625 0 0241 10 650 0 0255 10 675 0 0257 10 700 0 0266 10 725 0 0276 10 750 0 0284 10 775 0 0298 10 800 0 0306 10 825 0 0315 10 850 0 0323 10 875 0 0333 10 900 0 0339 10 925 0 0346 10 950 0 0344 10 975 0 0341 11 000 0 0343 11 025 0 0340 11 050 0 0332 D 1 Appendix D Humidity Compensation Table Wavelength P__ Wavelength P__ 0 0307 0 0279 11 150 0 0298 12 200 0 0285 11 175 0 0287 12 225 0 0296 11 200 0 0281 12 250 0 0304 11 225 0 0274 12 275 0
13. Average Absorbance Intensity Gain STEL STEL Maximum PAGE 3 __ Passcode Off Enable Change Change Code Log Capacity Max Sites Max Locations Locations Mode Order of List New Locations Report Output Mode Location Order Locations Reported Duplicates PAGE 4 Choose Application User Settings Applic View amp Edit Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup CALIBRATION The Calibration mode can be used to check zero to calibrate the temperature sensor or load the performance verification application To access the Calibration mode press 1 from the Setup Menu The display presents the Calibration Menu see Calibration Menu below The current application is shown on the left and the menu of selections on the right ENT APPLICATION CALIB MI 1 Zero 2 Temperature sensor calib 3 Performance verification Calibration Menu Zero The Zero function allows another opportunity to zero the analyzer To begin this function press 1 Zero The remainder of the procedure is the same as that explained in Chapter 5 To Zero the Analyzer Temperature Sensor Calibration This allows the user to perform an offset calibration should the temperature sensor drift over time The user should measure the ambient temperature using an external thermometer and enter the value on the screen Performance Verification This loads a multi gas application that may be used to ve
14. B2 2 without the quotation marks and press the Enter key Return the mouse to the cell with the equation and drag the column to the right to match the width of absorbance matrix then drag this row down to match the length of the absorbance matrix The absorbance matrix should be adjacent to the absorbance squared matrix Label this the A matrix in the column to the left 3 For Single Gas Library Application Skip one column and enter the corresponding concentration values in PPB units The PPB units are the injected concentration values that resulted in each absorbance row in the A matrix The resulting area should have the same number of rows and half the number of columns as the A matrix Label this the C matrix in an adjacent column For Multi Gas Library Application Skip one column and enter the corresponding concentration values in PPB units The PPB units are the injected concentration values that resulted in each absorbance row in the A matrix The rows should be entered by grouped compound injections and the columns should display the compound concentration in the order that the compounds are read on the instrument display The resulting area should have the same number of rows and half the number of columns as the A matrix Label this the C matrix in an adjacent column 4 Highlight the A matrix and click Edit Copy Skip one row from the matrix and click the cell Click Edit Paste Special check the transpose box then click O
15. F Filter Maintenance sos cac ivi ss ssensecchssdncceessuanes 10 1 Firmware Update 2x o st duvanaciiantaeacind 11 1 Fl g Scree ssa stented anadan ease 5 8 Flowchart Application View and Edit 7 25 G Gas CATS ats areal os ae els ls aed Scat calias 6 1 Gas Unit aneta ar e aa a ia 7 5 H Humidity Compensation ecceeseeeteeees 7 35 Humidity Compensation Table 0 D 1 EDV PeRlCriiiinial2iscs ecient cca aredetccaunacdueaducatons 9 5 G 1 I Identification isiin nideien 3 3 Information Screens sessessseeseeseesesseesresees 4 12 Jntrinsic Safety cesses ecasizetodends aces dea dencee senders B 1 K Keys Function Of seessessssssesseossessessesssesses 4 1 L Libraries Standard ccccccccccceesesssesesseeeens H 1 Location Names ossnnsisattavinkaniesanes 5 5 Locations Configuring cccecceeseeteeees 7 20 WO tenes Aid a a E Sete ate halt 5 5 Log Capacity Configuring 0 0 0 eee 7 19 Logging Characteristics Changing 7 8 M Maintenance weet ceccoveadoei len tneteeuien teed 10 1 Matrix Parameterss lt Aniisconeciaieasenyesaae 7 40 Memory Clearing 9 5 Menu Selections Making cceesceeeeeeee 4 3 O OPS FAO resi aint R a easel nies 4 Optics Care Of sis nn aoai 10 2 P Particulate Filter Replacement 00 10 1 Parts and ACcessories cscsisvssnettsdaes iearedeeitaes F 1 Passcode ACCESS sss cicetascyecuarpeuishondec an tenuaes 4 2 Passcode Confi
16. Fault and STEL alarm detected FAULT amp HIGH amp STEL Fault and high and STEL alarm detected FAULT amp LOW amp STEL Fault and low and STEL alarm detected 41 Measurement Data Validity Flags Clear Fault Alarm Description When Valid Character size Format Concentration validity flags measured during the data logging interval When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 15 Same as Okay Fault Alarm but replace with following CLEAR No fault or alarm detected 42 Measurement Data Validity Flags Okay First Flag Description When Valid Character size Format Concentration validity flags measured during the data logging interval When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 15 Left justified trailing spaces FFFFFFFFFFFFMMM where FFFFFFFFFFFF Flag a undefined OKAY No fault or alarm detected NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN First active flag name left justified trailing spaces suppressed MMM More flags indicator s lt 1 flag active gt 1 flag active 14 20 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 43 Measurement Data Validity Flags Okay All Flags Without CrLf 44 45 Description When Valid Character size Format Concentration validity flags measured during the data logging interval When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 12 to 416 max Outputs all active flags separated by a
17. High alarm active 47 Measurement Data Validity Flags Alarm Low Description When Valid Character size Format Concentration validity flags measured during the data logging interval When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 1 Measurement low alarm flag _ Undefined No measurement alarm L High alarm active 48 Measurement Data Validity Flags Alarm High amp Low Description When Valid Character size Format Concentration validity flags measured during the data logging interval When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 1 Measurement high and low alarm flag Undefined No measurement alarm H High alarm active L Low alarm active 49 Measurement Data Validity Flags Alarm STEL Description When Valid Character size Format 50 to 99 Reserved Description When Valid Character size Format Concentration validity flags measured during the data logging interval When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 1 Measurement STEL alarm flag Undefined No measurement alarm s High alarm active Reserved for future use Never Not applicable Not applicable 14 22 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting Field Designator S Measurement Statistics Measurement Statistics Format 01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 00 LOG RUN STATIS
18. Press the down arrow for next match Display may show B EDROOM Press the down arrow for next match Display may show B EDROOM1 Press the down arrow for next match Display may show IB EDROOM2 Press ENTER to accept Note To bring up a more selective choice enter the first few letters for example BE to skip the location bar and begin the search at bedroom To add a new location key in the entire new location name and press ENTER The new location appears in the shaded band below the concentration value There can be up to 200 locations per site Locations can also be kept in a supplemental list To browse this list press 3 Browse from the Location List Menu To search for a name on this list press 4 Search For more details refer to Chapter 8 ENTI CONCENTRATION Add or search for location E 0 00 ppm V Next match Press char key A Backspace LOCATION Enter Accept Add Search Screen 5 6 Chapter 5 Analysis ERROR FAULT MESSAGES The instrument displays error fault messages relating to analysis by indicators on the display or by flag screens Display Indicators A letter or symbol at the end of the analyzer reading indicates the following Table 4 2 Display Indicators C P Pwent OOOO gt Concentration exceeds full scale value HRL Measurements are below the range of the measurement electronics Possible corr
19. The problem may be minimized by e Avoiding repeated exposure to such concentrations e Purging the analyzer thoroughly with clean dry air after exposure to such concentrations Table 10 1 Compounds That May Degrade Cell Windows 10 2 SERVICE LOCATIONS For additional assistance service is available from exclusive distributors worldwide Contact one of the phone numbers below for product support and technical information or visit us on the web at thermo com aqi 1 866 282 0430 Toll Free 1 508 520 0430 International 10 3 Chapter 11 Firmware Update INTRODUCTION Warning Intrinsically safe models require special actions with respect to the following section Refer to Appendix C for descriptions of these actions Thermo Fisher Scientific updates the SapphIRE software and periodically provides firmware feature enhancements modifications to the analyzer These enhancements can be upload to the analyzer via a personal computer and the serial port on the analyzer A communication link between the PC and the SapphIRe analyzer is required to install the updates This link is provided by the Personal Computer Interface Program PCIP software This program is contained on a 3 1 2 inch diskette that is supplied with each instrument To use the program create a subdirectory called PCIP205 on the PC and copy the files from the diskette into this new subdirectory To execute the program access this directory and run the file
20. menu of selections on the right Select the report by its number Press 4 Library names to send the primary and secondary names of all applications to the printer STATUS PARTIAL SETUP Site lt all gt 1 General setup 2 User library Locations 3 Report format 4 Location list 5 Supplemental Memory 94 free locations Partial Setup Menu 9 2 Chapter 9 Report Data While printing an indicator shows the percentage complete When complete the message Print Transfer Okay is displayed If unable to print the report the analyzer displays the message Printing Failed DATA TRANSFER To transfer data connect the analyzer to a computer with an RS 232 cable and press 3 Data transfer from the Report Data Menu One of two Data Transfer Menus one for auto data transfer mode and one for manual data transfer mode is displayed see Data Transfer Menus below The current status is shown on the left The current mode and baud rate is shown on the right as well as the opportunity to change the mode or baud rate and to send or receive data STATUS DATA TRANSFER Site lt all gt Mode Auto Baud 9600 Locations 1 Change mode Memory 94 free 2 Change baud Ll _send receive STATUS DATA TRANSFER Site lt all gt Mode Manual Baud 3 8400 Locations 1 Change mode 2 Change baud Memory 94 free 3 Send 4 Receive Data Transfer Menus Change Mode To change mode press 1 Change mode from the
21. or 4 respectively from the Set Parameters Menu The appropriate Alarm Level Menu is displayed see Alarm Level menu below The last alarm level configured for that alarm is shown on the display If this is the alarm level for the present application press ESC The display returns to the Application Setup Menu METHANE SUMMARY HRL 100 0ppm High 100 0ppm Low 50 00ppm STEL 5 00ppm 15min TwaWt Off MolWt 16 0 Gasl D Off 4 Prev Application gas high alarm 500 0ppm 1 Change VvV Next Alarm Level Menu To change the alarm level press 1 The Alarm Level Enter Menu is displayed see Alarm Level Enter menu below Key in the desired value and press ENTER If the entry was a valid one the display responds ACCEPTED and then return to the Application Setup Menu Note A Low alarm is an alarm activated by a reading above the lower of two alarm setpoints a high alarm is an alarm activated by a reading above the higher of the two alarm setpoints Either or both alarms may be selected METHANE SUMMARY HRL 100 0ppm High 100 0ppm Low 50 00ppm STEL 5 00ppm 15min TwaWt Off MolWt 16 0 Gasl D Off Enter value for gas high alarm 25 ppm Zero Off A Backspace Enter Accept Alarm Level Enter Menu STEL Time To set a time interval for the application STEL alarm press 5 from the Set Parameters Menu The STEL Time Menu is displa
22. press 1 The Wavelength Position Display is presented LENGTH SUMMARY H 34333um Wavelength Summary _Humidity compensation parameters installed 1 Change Wavel 4 Prev v Next Wavelength Summary Display Application Wavelength Application Wavelength is the wavelength position defined for the installed application This parameter enables the position to be changed Note If this is a standard library application the value cannot be changed The last wavelength position configured is shown on the display If this is correct press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the wavelength position The Wavelength Position Enter Display appears Key in the desired wavelength position in um and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Correction for humidity may be necessary as water vapor is a strong absorber in the infrared with frequently overlapping absorption bands of 7 30 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Humidity to Absorbance Correction Correction for humidity may be necessary as water vapor is a strong absorber in the infrared with frequently overlapping absorption bands of many compounds of interest The relationship between humidity level and absorption is often nonlinear Humidity to Absorbance Correction specifies the coefficient for a P Q and R param
23. 0ppm Low 50 00ppm ppm STEL 5 00ppm 15min TwaWt OEF 1 ppb MolWt 16 0 D Off 2 ppm Gasl 3 Percent Gas Unit Menu The following definitions apply to the Gas Unit menu Alarm Level menu Alarm Level Enter menu and the STEL Time Select menu e HRL is the high range limit e High is the high level alarm setpoint e Low is the low level alarm setpoint e STEL is the Short Term Exposure Limit setpoint e TwaWt is the group time weighted average factor Many times when several compounds are present in an area the combined effect of the gases needs to be considered for industrial hygiene purposes For example two gases Gas A with a TWA of 5 ppm and Gas B with a TWA of 10 ppm are each below the TWA value for the 8 hour period However when both gases are present it is important to report the combined effect This is sometimes referred to as a synergistic TWA The factor that is typically applied to each gas is 1 TWA So for this example the factor for Gas A is 1 5 and for Gas B is 1 10 In the calculation of the Group TWA the instantaneous concentration is multiplied by the factor Therefore if Gas A has a concentration of 3 and Gas B a concentration of 7 the Group TWA is 1 1 e MOLWT is the molecular weight of the gas and is used for conversion to mg m e Dis the density 7 23 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Alarms To set a high low or STEL alarm level for the application press 2 3
24. 19 Analysis Setup Page ho s55 ess hoes ono i al E E EE EE E eae ia 7 21 Application View and Edit secs cab oascch oss vccezea cee onctacusseceasveseuugasaccbieaductaaaeadeaumeds 7 25 8 Site N sanstaiiiinwsiiciseas ivak sstoucoetenbuacaausdbsishonwlointanebupschusvbuasousdeas ar nes Err E ios Eso Sarsa 8 1 Siles ee t a EE a E E A a a R shacteateias 8 1 LOCATIONS e ronne na a rra E E TE EAA a pst E E a ats 8 2 Sites and Locations Summary sssssessessseseesseeseseessetsesesstestesresstesesersstesseserssesseses 8 5 9 Rep rt Data Transfer gccccscsuecvescsssccccsssescavassossencosesee sysnssceguss sosse sdas eoeou svrsio ios nies 9 1 SHES sn char a a a a a a aN te 9 1 Pint Ments iosers ene e a E E T N e a E E 9 2 Data Transfer eec en airna AEE AE A RRE E E ENARE t 9 3 Memory Clear menei a E E E ERE E E E REEE 9 5 Hyperterminal resene a Sees Sue e T E Pee N E aula dees esha etaonns 9 5 10 Maintenance and Service oeseessesooesosssesooesocssessossoossessoesooesosssossosssessossoessessossossse 10 1 Zero Gas Filter enose no En e EE EEEE E A EA AER 10 1 Parte ulate BAMb eh visas tet ot ae auea oe crac oak oa aa aana ala olathe sania T A a uatas a Sul aids 10 1 Battery AS 5 sanee astro cases a vs darts ae eas eaten paces vee E E 10 1 Care of OPTICS i er aaie ran aa a EE A Aa A a a aai e Ea 10 2 Service Locations isinne nnu R a a a a a RE 10 3 11 Firmware Update scscaesiisssesssieatanvicccansiteseniastenkeneetiavecn eect acetone 11 1 Introd
25. 2463 4 9 85 12 303 Long 10 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL IPA L SL 100 246 0 5 1 23 10 586 Long 10 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL IPA L SL 100 246 0 3 0 739 8 852 Long 10 ISOPROPYL ETHER IPETHER XL 1000 4187 3 12 56 9 044 Short 10 METHANE METHANE SL 100 66 1 5 0 99 3 333 Long 15 METHYL ACETATE METHACET SL 500 1518 1 3 3 95 8 204 Short 10 METHYL ACETATE METHACET SL 500 1518 6 18 21 9 644 Short 10 METHYL ACRYLATE METHACRY XL 20 71 0 07 0 25 8 492 Long 15 METHYL ALCOHOL MEOH XL 500 656 0 7 0 92 10 220 Long 15 METHYL CELLOSOLVE MCELLO SL 100 312 0 15 0 47 9 500 Long 15 METHYL CELLOSOLVE ACETATE MCELOA SL 100 484 0 14 0 68 8 924 Long 15 METHYL CELLOSOLVE ACETATE MCELOA SL 100 484 0 15 0 73 9 524 Long 15 METHYL CHLORIDE MECL XL 200 414 1 7 3 52 13 508 Long 10 METHYL CHLOROFORM 111TRICL XL 500 2734 0 15 0 82 9 380 Long 25 METHYL ETHYL KETONE MEK SL 1000 2955 7 20 69 8 692 Short 15 METHYL ETHYL KETONE MEK SL 1000 2955 1 6 4 73 10 676 Long 20 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE MIBK XL 100 410 0 35 1 44 8 708 Long 10 METHYL METHACRYLATE METHMACR SL 250 1026 0 4 1 64 10 748 Long 10 METHYL METHACRYLATE METHMACR SL 250 1026 0 7 2 87 12 284 Long 15 METHYLACETYLENE MACETYLN XL 1000 1643 1 2 1 97 8 156 Long 10 METHYLAMINE METHAMIN XL 50 64 0 6 0 76 12 908 Long 10 METHYLENE CHLORIDE MECL2 SL 200 696 4 13 92 13 316 Short 10 NITROGEN TRIFLUORIDE NF3 XL 50 145 0 04 0 12 11 108 Long 10
26. 8 400 Short 5 ACETONE ACETONE SL 2000 4760 5 11 90 11 036 Long 5 ACETONITRILE ACETONIT XL 500 841 11 18 50 9 692 Long 10 ACETOPHENONE ACETOPHE XL 100 492 0 4 1 97 8 108 Long 25 ACETYLENE ACETYLEN XL 200 213 0 5 0 53 13 724 Long 10 ACRYLONITRILE ACRYLONI XL 50 109 0 6 1 30 10 470 Long 10 AMMONIA NH3 SL 500 349 0 7 0 49 10 868 Long 20 AMMONIA NH3 SL 500 349 0 7 0 49 10 484 Long 20 ANILINE ANILINE XL 50 191 0 5 1 91 8 045 Long 10 BENZALDEHYDE BENZALD XL 500 2174 0 9 3 91 12 188 Long 15 BENZENE BENZENE SL 200 640 2 6 40 9 796 Long 10 1 3 BUTADIENE 13BUTADI SL 100 222 0 7 1 55 10 028 Long 10 1 3 BUTADIENE 13BUTADI SL 50 111 0 35 0 78 11 060 Long 15 BUTANE BUTANE XL 2000 4764 5 11 91 10 436 Long 10 n BUTYL ACETATE BUTLACET XL 300 1428 0 18 0 86 9 668 Long 15 n BUTYL ALCOHOL BUOH n XL 200 607 0 25 0 76 9 572 Long 15 t BUTYL ALCOHOL BUOH t XL 100 304 0 3 0 91 8 444 Long 15 BUTYL CELLOSOLVE BUTLCELL SL 100 484 0 25 1 21 9 008 Long 15 t BUTYL METHYL ETHER MTBE XL 50 280 0 15 0 84 9 284 Long 10 CARBON DIOXIDE absolute a CO2ABS SL 1000 1804 1 1 80 4 250 Short 15 CARBON DIOXIDE absolute a CO2ABS SL 1000 1804 30 54 11 14 000 Long 25 CARBON DIOXIDE differential b CO2DIFF SL 2000 3607 1 5 2 71 4 250 Short 15 CARBON DIOXIDE differential b CO2DIFF SL 2000 3607 40 72 14 14 000 Long 25 CARBON DISULFIDE CS2 XL 50 156 1 3 12 4 620 Long 15 CARBON MONOXIDE CO SL 250 287 0 9 1 03 4 620 Long 10 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE CCL4 H SL 100 630 1 2 7 565 12 660
27. ACCEPTED and returns to the Main Menu showing the selected application in the left window Current Application Chapter 4 Operation If an application has more than one wavelength a Secondary Application menu appears An asterisk appears next to all secondary applications Make a selection using the number keys or MENU and SELECT Upon selection the display responds ACCEPTED and returns to the Main Menu see Chapter 6 Secondary Applications menu for more information ENT APPLICATION ACETONE 1 11 0 2000 2 8 4 2000 Secondary Applications Menu To start the analyzer and take measurements using the newly selected application press 1 from the Main Menu The Zero Menu screen shown below appears if a zero has previously been taken Note Ifthe analyzer has recently been zeroed press ENTER and the display skips to the Analysis menu shown below Thermo Fisher Scientific recommends zeroing before each analysis session ENT APPLICATION ZERO MENU Last zero OlJan0O1 13 30 Status Valid 1 New zero Enter Continue Zero Menu Chapter 4 Operation To establish a new zero press 1 In the unlikely event that the instrument is experiencing problems the display indicates Please wait and or Please wait while system warms up To view the details on the Warm Up Status screen Press 1 In the example screen both t
28. At a given wavelength it does not change C is a measure of concentration It represents the quantity of the gas in the sample cell L is the pathlength This is a measure of the distance that the infrared beam must travel in order to pass through the gas in the sample chamber Linearity of Absorbance vs Concentration At low concentrations the absorbance of a compound is typically directly proportional to the concentration over the distance the light is allowed to travel through the sample Therefore if a sample of HCI at 100 ppm yielded an absorbance of 0 14 AU and the concentration was doubled to 200 ppm the absorbance value at the same pathlength theoretically doubles to 0 28 AU Also a plot of absorbance vs concentration should produce a straight line Figure 13 16 ABSORBANCE AU 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 CONCENTRATION ppm Figure 13 16 Absorbance Theoretical Concentration Linearity Deviations from Beer s Law The previous section discussed Beer s Law in a general way Figure 13 17 plotting five concentrations of the gas shows that linearity is quite good up to 20 ppm but that above this point the curvature becomes more pronounced 13 17 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial 0 4 0 3 0 2 ABSORBANCE 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 CONCENTRATION Figure 13 17 Absorbance Actual Concentration Linearity The apparent failure of Beer s Law at higher concentrations is most likely due to the interaction o
29. CONC Range 1 gt 0 1700AU Q 2 043480E 06 P 2 384240E 05 R 0 000000E 00 Meas Absorb Conc Parameter Select Display The analyzer functions by measuring absorbance of light at the detector Once the absorbance is generated by the analyzer it needs to be converted in concentration To accomplish this the absorbance value is fitted into the following formula C QA PA R where C Concentration of the chemical Q Quadratic parameter P Linear Parameter R Y intercept typically zero or very close to zero A Absorbance If in this example the analyzer generates an absorbance value or 1 00 the following concentration value is generated C 2 043 480 0 100 2 239 424 0 1 0 00 C 20 434 80 23 942 40 44 377 20 ppb 7 39 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup The value is always expressed in ppb The conversion results in a displayed value determined by the application If the absorbance value generated by the analyzer had been greater than 0 1700 range 2 P Q and R values would be used Select the desired parameter P Q R or Absorb Range The Meas Absorb gt Conc Parameter Enter Display appears Key in the desired parameter coefficient in the form 1 123456E 07 and press ENTER Note Use the down arrow key for a minus sign If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the Meas Absorb gt Conc Parameter Range Select Display Another parameter can
30. Character size 8 Format MM DD YY undefined 03 Measurement Data Date MM DD YYYY Description Date measurement logged When Valid When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site Character size 10 Format MM DD YYYY undefined 14 16 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 04 Measurement Data Date DD MM YY Description When Valid Character size Format Date measurement logged When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 8 DD MM YY undefined 05 Measurement Data Date DD MM Y YYY Description When Valid Character size Format 06 to 09 Reserved Description When Valid Character size Format Date measurement logged When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 10 DD MM YYYY undefined Reserved for future use Never Not applicable Not applicable 10 Measurement Data Time Seconds Description When Valid Character size Format Time measurement logged When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 8 HH MM SS undefined 11 Measurement Data Time Minutes Description When Valid Character size Format 12 to 14 Reserved Description When Valid Character size Format Time measurement logged When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 5 HH MM undefined Reserve
31. Data Transfer Menu Select 1 Auto or 2 Manual Change Baud Rate To change baud rate press 2 Change baud from the Data Transfer Menu Select 1 19200 2 9600 3 4800 4 2400 or 5 1200 Chapter 9 Report Data Send Data To send data press 3 Send from the Data Transfer Menu If mode is Auto the display shows the percent transfer complete as the data is sent If mode is Manual the Send Menu is displayed see Send Menu below The current status continues to be shown on the left and the menu of selections on the right STATUS SEND MENU Site lt all gt 1 Site Locations 2 Full setup 3 Partial setup Memory 94 free 4 Library names Send Menu Press 1 Site from the Send Menu to send data on the site selected in Setup mode to the printer If no site was selected the display reads No site is selected Press 2 Full setup to send all data as specified in the Setup mode Press 3 Partial setup to access the Partial Setup Menu see Partial Setup Menu above From this secondary menu information can be sent only on the parameter specified general setup single gas user library multi gas user library report format definition location list or supplemental location list The current status continues to be shown on the left and the menu of selections on the right Select the information by its number Press 4 Library names to send the primary and secondary names of all applications Rec
32. HUMIDITY ABSORB gt H20 Select wave H20 range A 1 859 um Range 1 to 4 8000AU Range 2 Range 3 Humidity Range Select Display Select the desired range 1 2 or 3 The Humidity Parameter Select Display appears see Humidity Parameter Select Display below HUMIDITY ABSORB gt H20 Select wave H20 parms Range 1 to 4 8000AU Q 0 000000E 00 P 1 000000E 00 R 0 000000E 00 4 Absorb range Humidity Parameter Select Display Select the desired parameter P Q R or Absorb Range The Humidity Parameter Enter Display appears Key in the desired parameter coefficient in the form 1 123456E 07 and press ENTER Note Use the down arrow key for a minus sign If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the Humidity Parameter Range Select Display Another parameter can be selected or press ESC to return to Humidity Range Select and ESC again to return to Humidity Absorbance Pressing the down arrow key at this point goes to the next parameter Pathlength Normal practice is to set absorbance range to 4 8000 AU and to set its P value to 1 0 During analysis this copies the absorbance data to the humidity data for later use 7 36 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Pathlength Pathlength specifies a long or short pathlength The last pathlength condition configured is shown on the display If this is the pathlength condition for the present application press ENTER
33. PC s operating system may be used to communicate with the analyzer Hyperterminal is a widely available program that ships with Windows 95 98 ME and Windows NT 2000 Appendix E describes the use of this program Chapter 10 Maintenance and Service The SapphIRe analyzer has no user serviceable parts and requires no lubrication or routine cleaning With the exception of the battery pack all parts have an infinite storage life Warning Intrinsically safe models require special actions with respect to the following section Refer to Appendix C for descriptions of these actions ZERO GAS FILTER The zero gas filter contains activated charcoal and should be stored in a sealed plastic bag when not in use Saturation of the filter depends on the nature and concentration of contaminants If a new cartridge produces an appreciably lower analyzer reading the old cartridge should be discarded Replace the cartridge after no more than 30 zero cycles and at least once a year It is important to realize that this replacement frequency may be inadequate for some gases PARTICULATE FILTER The useful life of the particulate filter depends upon the amount of particulate matter at the sampling point If the filter becomes clogged the sampling flow rate decreases resulting in a slow response The particulate filter can also become contaminated with background gases leading to faulty results Replace the filter when the response time has incr
34. The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the pathlength condition The Pathlength Select Display appears Select the condition for the application Long or Short The display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Dwell Time Dwell Time specifies the time analysis stays on a wavelength and averages measurement data The last dwell time configured is shown on the display If this is the desired dwell time press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the dwell time The Dwell Time Enter Display appears Key in the desired dwell time 0 to 65535 and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Typical dwell time is 275 5 second analysis time Consult a Thermo Fisher Scientific applications chemist for any dwell time change Purge of Max Purge of Max specifies the percent of maximum sample cell purge to perform For most gases 60 seconds or 100 provides enough flushing of the gas cell to clear the previous sample At a flow rate of approximately 14 liters minute and a cell volume of approximately 2 2 liters the SapphIRe analyzer has provided about six volumes of air Typically 5 volumes of air will purge the cell by 99 Although certain gases can be flushed faster setting percent of purge parameter to 100 is recommended The last per
35. absorb at this wavelength The problem with this wavelength is that it is not completely similar to other analytical wavelengths However using this reference wavelength provides suitable compensation for most applications If this compensation is inadequate it may be necessary to use a different reference wavelength Ideally the wavelength should be close to the analytical wavelength For example if ETO is measured at 11 6 microns then a wavelength in the 10 to 12 micron range should be chosen However the wavelength that is chosen must be a non absorbing wavelength for the primary gas and any interfering gases Choosing a wavelength that is affected by another gas can cause significant errors in the displayed data if that gas is present The goal is to factor out wavelength neutral changes due to the analyzer If the signal for the reference wavelength is increased by a gas the correction by the processor will most likely be overstated Before choosing a different wavelength the parameters in the Fixed Library must be transferred to a User Library entry This is the only way to edit any parameter in fixed library calibrations The Reference Compensation Summary allows reviewing the reference compensation data for the application see Reference Compensation Summary Display below To accept this data press ENTER The display jumps to the Humidity Compensation Display To change the data in the Reference Compensation Summary press 1 The Ref
36. and variable wavelength positions Figure 13 19 Linear Variable Filter Resolution is the ability of the analyzer to use only that wavelength called for by the analysis The variable filter used in the SapphIRe Analyzer has varying resolution depending on the wavelength range selected Table 13 1 13 20 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial Table 13 1 Wavelength Ranges Wavelength Bandwidth Bandwidth um um General Hydrocarbons Other Fixed Filters 0 06 at wavelength of 4 0 m 1 859 3 573 4 004 4 250 4 500 4 620 u 23 i 2 0 p 22 11 000 14 000 Resolution becomes very important if two compounds have absorbance close together in the infrared spectrum When monitoring for one compound it is important that the peak for the other compound not interfere in the analysis The fundamental concepts are the same whether it is a single beam infrared analyzer such as the SapphIRe Analyzer or a double beam laboratory instrument The major differences between the two types of instruments are portability and resolution The SapphIRe Analyzer is designed as a portable unit to be used in the field for quantitative work The design is geared towards a high energy through put to enable detection of gases and vapors at very low concentration levels often below 1 ppm 13 21 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting GENERAL The standard report format for the analyzer includes Figure 14 1 e A header containing
37. average value displayed from five times the detection limit to the full scale reading e g Acetaldehyde from 4 0 to 400 ppm accuracy is 10 of reading Detection limit is the point at which the analyzer will consistently and repeatably detect the presence of the subject gas a Carbon dioxide absolute refers to the measurement of CO2 where the SapphIRe analyzer has been purged with CO free air such as nitrogen Since CO is present in the air at levels of approximately 350 ppm and since the zero gas filter cannot scrub the COz the only way to generate a true level of CO is to flush or zero the analyzer with CO free air The factory calibration for CO2 was zeroed with nitrogen Likewise when using the CO absolute calibration the analyzer must be zeroed with CO free air b Carbon dioxide differential refers to a measurement of CO2 when the SapphIRe analyzer is zeroed in a level of normal ambient air 350 ppm of CO2 When this calibration is used a background level of CO2 must be added at the zero area to the analyzer s display value c 0 to 1 ppm 10 1 to 4 ppm 20 H 5 INDEX A Absorption Peaks ic 1sss enstarsasesevsdstagavatestinden 13 9 Accessories Parts and F 1 Alarmi Cleat anaiai iaa 4 2 Alarm Settings for an Application 7 24 Alarms Configuring seeeseeseeseesseeseesessseesee 7 11 Alpha Characters Entering eeceeeeeree 4 3 Analog Output aeigcieste cestode are
38. encountered is used 0 DDMMMYY undefined 21 Measurement Statistics Date DDMMMYYYY Description When Valid Character size Format Select format for date in statistics Last designator encountered is used 0 DDMMMYYYY undefined 22 Measurement Statistics Date MM DD YY Description When Valid Character size Format Select format for date in statistics Last designator encountered is used 0 MM DD YY undefined 23 Measurement Statistics Date MM DD YYYY Description When Valid Character size Format Select format for date in statistics Last designator encountered is used 0 MM DD YYYY undefined 24 Measurement Statistics Date DD MM YY Description When Valid Character size Format Select format for date in statistics Last designator encountered is used 0 DD MM YY undefined 25 Measurement Statistics Date DD MM YYYY Description When Valid Character size Format Select format for date in statistics Last designator encountered is used 0 DD MM YYYY undefined 14 24 26 to 29 Reserved Description When Valid Character size Format Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting Reserved for future use Never Not applicable Not applicable 30 Measurement Statistics Time Format Seconds Switch Description When Valid Character size Format Select format for time
39. gas in the application see Gas Summary Display below Move from one gas to the next with the arrow keys To accept the parameters for each gas press ENTER When the last gas is reached the display jumps to the Wave Number Display To change the parameters in the Gas Summary for a gas press 1 The Gas Name Display is presented METHANE SUMMARY HRL 100 0ppm High 100 0ppm Gas Low 50 00ppm Summary STEL 5 00ppm 15min TwaWwt off MolWt 16 0 D Off 1 Change Gasl 4 Prev V Next Gas Summary Display Gas Name The Gas Name is the name of the gas for the application This name is displayed during analysis The last name configured is shown on the display If this is the desired gas for the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured To change the name press 1 The Gas Name Enter Display appears Key in the desired name and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Gas Unit The Gas Unit is the concentration unit for the application ppb ppm percent or mg m The last unit configured is shown on the display If this is the unit of the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured To change the unit press 1 The Unit Selection Display appears Select the unit for the application The display responds ACCEPTED and then chang
40. has already been powered and warmed up for a period of at least 30 minutes CONFIGURING THE GAS SAMPLING ACCESSORY The gas sampling accessory consists of a coiled length of tubing and associated hardware Figure E 1 One end is terminated with a tubing sleeve designed to fit snugly over the INLET port of the analyzer A small piece of capillary tubing which is inserted into the gas tank trigger nozzle is found at the other end This assembly should always be inspected before use to make sure there are no obvious loose connections punctured tubing or debris that may have found its way into the tubing sleeve yo TRIGGER VALVE SAFETY TAB CONNECT TO INLET PORT OF MIRAN SAPPHIRE Figure E 1 Gas Sampling Accessory shown assembled to gas tank E 2 MIRAN SapphiRE Field Performance Verification Kit Warning The gas tank is shipped with a trigger valve safety tab DO NOT REMOVE THIS TAB UNTIL AFTER THE GAS SAMPLING LINE HAS BEEN FULLY INSTALLED Grasp the capillary tubing end of the sampling line at the location indicated in Figure E 2 and slowly push it into the nozzle opening on the gas tank When the tubing is fully inserted only about 1 8 inch of the capillary remains exposed Use the other hand to hold the gas tank valve mechanism proper Ss TRIGGER NOZZLE CAPILLARY TUBING END Figure E 2 Inserting the Capillary into the Gas Tank GAS CHALLENGE Zero Analyzer The next step is to zero the analyzer as direc
41. in parts per million ppm V Total volume of cell and calibration system in liters 2 24 L d Liquid density g cm M Molecular weight of sample Ta Molar volume of gas l 25 C R 24 5 4 Press ENTER on the analyzer to continue After a few seconds press ENTE R again to skip purge The current concentration of approximately 0 is displayed 5 Make the injection of sample into the septum 6 The analyzer should read the concentration expected from the injection 12 2 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial OVERVIEW The MIRAN SapphIRe Infrared Analyzer quickly measures concentrations of a wide range of chemical substances present in the air In identifying and measuring various gases in the air it uses fundamental principles of how molecules composing these substances absorb infrared energy Infrared energy is but one type of energy composing the electromagnetic spectrum Other familiar types of electromagnetic energy are radio frequencies microwaves and visible light ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY Figure 13 1 is a chart of the entire electromagnetic spectrum from electric power radiation to x rays Electromagnetic waves can exist at virtually any frequency Electromagnetic energy at the top of the spectrum television and radio waves have much longer wavelengths and correspondingly lower frequencies and energy than wavelengths towards the top of the chart x rays gamma rays and cosmic rays The wavelengths of ra
42. in statistics Last designator encountered is used 0 HH MM SS undefined 31 Measurement Data Time Format Seconds Switch Description When Valid Character size Format 32 to 39 Reserved Description When Valid Character size Format Select format for time in statistics Last designator encountered is used 0 HH MM undefined Reserved for future use Never Not applicable Not applicable 40 Measurement Statistics Validity Flags Format Okay Fault Alarm Description When Valid Character size Format Select format for validity flags in statistics Last designator encountered is used 0 See Measurement Data Validity Flags Okay Fault Alarm in previous section 41 Measurement Statistics Validity Flags Format Clear Fault Alarm Description When Valid Character size Format Select format for validity flags in statistics Last designator encountered is used 0 See Measurement Data Validity Flags Clear Fault Alarm in previous section 14 25 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 42 Measurement Statistics Validity Flags Format Okay First Flag Description Select format for validity flags in statistics When Valid Last designator encountered is used Character size 0 Format See Measurement Data Validity Flags Okay First Flag in previous section 43 Measurement Statistics Validity Flags Format Okay All Flags Without CrLf Description Select f
43. into the injection port of the closed loop system The injection volume was calculated in step 1 Turn pump ON for approximately 30 seconds Press Enter Continue The analysis menu on the right displays an option for 1 Start Logging Select this option After a short period where the pump circulates the compound the analyzer displays Log in progress after the countdown At the end of the full spectrum scan select Enter Save Press Esc until Main menu appears Use pump to remove compound from analyzer approximately 5 minutes C DOWNLOAD DATA FROM THE ANALYZER TO A PC OO Oy RE ee 9 10 11 12 13 Connect 9 pin cable from SapphIRe s serial output to PC s serial port On the PC open the ThermoConnect program From the SapphIRe s Main Menu select 5 Report Data Choose 1 Select site and select the site with the logged data Select 3 Data transfer Select 3 Send receive On PC choose F2 File Highlight a file to receive the logged data To create a new file type in the name of the file 8 character maximum It is suggested that the extension txt be used i e testfile txt to allow ease of importing into other applications If a new file was created press Enter on the PC keyboard On the PC choose F5 Receive On the PC choose F5 Site If the file selected in Step 8 exists it will be overwritten by pressing Y When the operation is complete the PC screen disp
44. mode or while the analyzer is running in normal operating mode SapphIRe DL Analyzer The SapphIRe DL Analyzer has the ability to measure any compound having an absorbance in the wavelength region from 7 7 microns to 14 1 microns or any of the available fixed band pass filters such as carbon monoxide carbon dioxide formaldehyde nitrous oxide hydrocarbons water and reference The SapphIRe DL Analyzer provides the ability to perform multicomponent analysis It can take absorbance measurements of up to 10 wavelengths and display and log compensated concentrations for up to five individual gases In addition its user library can be programmed to store up to 10 single gas applications and up to 10 multi gas applications SapphIRe SL Analyzer The SapphIRe SL Analyzer performs all the functions of the SapphIRe DL Analyzer In addition it has 50 single gas factory calibrations in its standard library many employing an alternate wavelength see Appendix H These calibrations allow the selection of a compound from its standard library of gases The analyzer then pulls up the application information configures itself to measure the compound of choice and delivers concentration readings for this compound without performing interference compensation This avoids interference from other gases by selecting a different measurement wavelength for a given gas instead of going through full multicomponent calibration This feature is beneficial when tw
45. nm 10 nm 100 nm 10 nm 1 pm 10 wm 100 pm 1000 pm 1 mm 10 mm 1 cm 10 crn 100 cm 1m 10 m 100 m 1000 m 1 km 10 km 100 km Gamma rays X rays ee 400 nm Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red 700 nm Ultraviolet radiation SS Visible light Nea radiation Microwaves Radio waves Figure 13 1 Electromagnetic Spectrum 13 2 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial SHADE THERMOMETER LIGHT SOURCE PRISM VIOLET Figure 13 2 Herschel Experiment People can see visible wavelengths as light and color but usually cannot feel them whereas people can feel infrared wavelengths but cannot see them Certain analytical instruments however such as the SapphIRe Analyzer use infrared wavelengths from about 1 8 to 14 1 um This range was chosen because most chemical compounds show strong absorption of infrared energy in this region BASIC PROPERTIES OF WAVES Wavelength Figure 13 3 shows a cross section of a typical wave showing that the wave crests are evenly spaced The distance from a point on one crest to the equivalent point on the next is called the wavelength and is represented by the Greek letter lambda A Infrared wavelengths are usually measured in micrometers um Figure 13 3 Explanation of a Wavelength 13 3 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial Speed and Frequency of the Wave Velocity V of infrared waves in air
46. obtained using a full scan The Main Menu returns From the Main Menu select 1 Analyze Start Attach the closed loop system to the analyzer in port on pump attaches to out port on analyzer out port on pump attaches to in port on analyzer Note that the instruction to Install chemical filter does not apply to a spectrum scan and the closed loop system should be installed Turn closed loop system pump ON for approximately 15 seconds Select Enter Continue and wait for zero scan approximately 5 minutes A gas or liquid syringe is required depending upon the compound Many compounds e g benzene are more expensive and only available in larger quantities in gaseous form and are therefore usually inserted into the pump as a liquid The pump evaporates the liquid before it is introduced to the analyzer Syringes can be obtained from chemical or scientific supply houses C 4 10 11 12 13 14 15 Appendix C Scan Calibration Procedure If Zero Save is on automatic see Analysis Preferences screen there is no option either to repeat zero or save zero If Zero Save is not on automatic there will be a prompt to select 1 Repeat Zero or Enter Save After the zero is saved the prompt is to install the particulate filter Do not do this Instead make an injection and press Enter Continue Use a suitably sized syringe to introduce Injection Port the compound to be scanned
47. optical filter Figure 13 18 In the analyzer infrared light is generated by a glowing metal alloy filament a heated to a dull orange glow A rotating chopper blade b interrupts and synchronizes the beam so that the intensity of the signal reaching the detector is modulated The beam then passes through a variable filter c to remove extraneous wavelengths of light into the sample cell d containing the gas sample Sample Optical Cell Filter Chopper Detector Source E Figure 13 18 Internal Components of the SapphIRe Analyzer 13 19 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial In the cell the infrared light is reflected back and forth through the sample by gold coated mirrors s This folded pathlength design allows for adjustment of pathlength between 0 5 and 12 5 meters The greater number of reflections the more energy is absorbed by the sample before the infrared radiation reaches the detector e When the infrared radiation finally impinges on the detector the energy is converted to an electric signal which after amplification and translation into a digital form appears on the readout display Concentration values can be presented in concentration or absorbance units Gases are brought into the analyzer by means of an air sampling pump at the rate of 14 liters per minute The need to change the pathlength is prompted by the microprocessor and then the pathlength mechanism must be adjusted m
48. period of time set forth in the product documentation published specifications or package inserts Ifa period of time is not specified in Seller s product documentation published specifications or package inserts the warranty period shall be one 1 year from the date of shipment to Buyer for equipment and ninety 90 days for all other products the Warranty Period Seller agrees during the Warranty Period to repair or replace at Seller s option defective Products so as to cause the same to operate in substantial conformance with said published specifications provided that a Buyer shall promptly notify Seller in writing upon the discovery of any defect which notice shall include the product model and serial number if applicable and details of the warranty claim b after Seller s review Seller will provide Buyer with service data and or a Return Material Authorization RMA which may include biohazard decontamination procedures and other product specific handling instructions and c then if applicable Buyer may return the defective Products to Seller with all costs prepaid by Buyer Replacement parts may be new or refurbished at the election of Seller All replaced parts shall become the property of Seller Shipment to Buyer of repaired or replacement Products shall be made in accordance with the Delivery provisions of the Seller s Terms and Conditions of Sale Consumables including but not limited to lamps fuses ba
49. ppb Er pN ppm Unit Gas Selection Menu Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Next the Gas Unit Menu is displayed see Gas Unit menu below The current application is displayed on the left and the menu of selections on the right Choose Select the unit from the menu Press ENTER to set all gases to their default unit ENT APPLICATION Select unit NE ppm NE ppm 1 ppb TANE ppb 2 ppm PANE ppm 3 percent NE ppm 4 mg m 3 PTWA Enter Default Gas Unit Menu If one of the above units is selected the user is asked to further specify how long the selected units should be used 1 Always and 2 Until another application is selected The display then summarizes the selections and indicates ACCEPTED CLOCK Selecting 4 Clock from the Setup Menu causes the Clock Menu to be displayed see Clock Menu below The current clock reading is displayed on the left and a place to enter the new date on the right See Chapter 4 Entering Alpha Characters for entering the letters of the month Pressing ENTER to accept the new date changes the screen to a similar display to change the time After setting the time and pressing ENTER the display responds ACCEPTED Enter new date 11Jan01 Clock 04Jan01 13 30 46 A Backsp V Next Enter Accept Clock Menu 7 6 Chapter 7 Configuration
50. psig compresses 11 liters of gas at atmospheric conditions to 1 liter at 150 psig At this pressure there is sufficient gas to perform at least one complete calibration check Caution Observe the caution printed on the tank label concerning storage temperature maximum 130 F Always orient the tank discharge point away from the face and body Wear safety goggles or safety glasses when using this accessory MIRAN SapphlRE Field Performance Verification Kit The steps involved in kit use are discussed in the sections that follow The three steps are 1 Configure the analyzer for Performance Verification 2 Configure the gas cylinder with the sample delivery system 3 Run the challenge gas INSTRUMENT CONFIGURATION Each instrument is configured with the Performance verification application titled CALCHECK From the Main Menu select 4 Config Setup From the Setup Menu select 1 Calibration From the Calibration Menu select 3 Performance Verification The left side of the screen changes to show N20 and SF6 If the ambient pressure differs significantly and log the actual response data is to be logged select a logging interval of one cycle This sets up the application to produce the most rapid updating of displayed concentrations If the normal logging configuration for this application is changed remember to reconfigure the instrument to the original parameters following this test It is assumed that the instrument
51. range 00 12 2 digits right justified leading zeros size must be 00 for unused entry types size must be gt 00 for all other types r Field reset on new type switch 0 Field is reset when starting new site 1 Field is not changed when entering a new site p Prompt name 1 to 9 characters for names less than the maximum allowed characters terminate with an early field ignored for undefined entry type 14 4 Example REPORT ENTRY FIELDS 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TO gt gt gt gt gt BSR Bye pe le a Bet es ioe ko CODING GUIDE 10 12 12 12 12 12 05 08 05 00 00 00 01 01 01 02 00 00 12 12 00 00 00 00 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting ooooocnooo oO SITE NAME LAST NAME 1ST NAME ADDRESS 1 ADDRESS 2 ADDRESS 3 SQ FEET DATE TIME SUNNY CLOUDY RAINING WIND DIR USER NAME UNIT NAME This guide specifies the selection and designation of the various entry and data fields available for insertion in the report Report generation replaces each field designator with the associated characters as defined herein 14 5 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting Field Designator Specification Overview The field designator is in the format ANNF where A Start of field designator the type of field Special functions Set general purpose index Tab to column User ent
52. safe models require special actions with respect to the following section Refer to Appendix B for descriptions of these actions Press 4 from the Alarm Menu to specify the error and relay triggers At the Alarm Trigger display press 1 to specify alarms related to current concentration and 2 to specify alarms related to average concentration Press 5 from the Alarm Menu to select an alarm relay At the Alarm Relay display press 1 to specify Relay 1 2 to specify Relay 2 and ENTER to specify All relays If the current application is multi gas a Select Gas display selects the gas that is associated with the selection If the relay setting is associated with more than one gas select all gases by pressing ENTER The next display asks specifies how to activate the relay Press 1 to activate it on a High alarm 2 for a Low alarm 3 for a STEL alarm 4 for No alarm deactivate the relay and 5 for All alarms The display responds ACCEPTED The relays are Form C SPDT rated at 24 V dc 0 25 A Note The relays must be turned on in the Control menu Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Compensation To specify analysis compensations press 3 Compensations from the Analysis Setup Menu 1 The Analysis Compensations Menu is displayed Press 1 to specify Temperature compensation 2 for Pressure 3 for Reference and 4 for Humidity When finished press ENTER to accept these selections The display responds ACCEPTED Invok
53. the standard report definition are required refer to Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting to retrieve the data Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Other Parameters In the Continuous Sample Mode the analyzer is placed in Auto Save and Auto Repeat Mode This means that the analyzer automatically stores the log without user intervention and continue logging at the defined logging interval In Single Sample Mode the Auto Save and Auto Report parameters are disabled This means that in order to save a log and then continue logging it must be acknowledged The Auto Save and Auto Repeat in Single Sample Mode can be changed to the default log options To do this press 5 Other parms from the Log Menu Then press 1 to enable Auto Repeat and 2 to enable Auto Save When finished press ENTER to set these selections The display responds ACCEPTED LOG SUMMARY Mode Single sample Interval 10 seconds Start Manual _Auto repeat VAuto save Store OnAlrmOnly _STEL VMx VMin VAvg Abs Tmp ACCEPTED Other Parameters Menu Alarms To configure the state of the alarms press 2 Alarms from the Analysis Setup Menu Page 1 The Alarm Menu is displayed see Alarm menu below The current alarm summary is displayed on the left and the menu of selections on the right In the summary the alarms may be described as Off Enabled or Latched Note 1 A Low alarm is activated by a reading above the lowe
54. the Applications menu shown below ENT APPLICATION Select Applications Menu The Select Applications menu will be omitted if no previous applications have been selected and the Applications menu will be displayed If none of the applications appearing in the Select Applications menu are desired press ENTER to view the Applications menu shown on page 4 5 4 4 Chapter 4 Operation ENT APPLICATION APPLIC MENU 1 Standard lib User libraries 2 Single gas 3 Multi gas 4 Spectrum scan Applications Menu Select an application in the Primary Applications menu from the SL or XL standard library or from the single or multi gas user libraries The XL Standard Library menu is shown in this example ENT APPLICATION STANDARD LIB 1 111TRICL 2 11DICLOR 3 12DICLOR 4 13BUTADI 5 2CLETH More ENTER Search Primary Applications Menu Scroll the pages of the library with the arrow keys In the standard library there is more than one screen of choices which can be selected by pressing the arrow keys or pressing the ENTER key to use the search mode and follow the screen prompts If in the user library there is more than one screen of choices use the arrow keys In either the standard library or in the user library make a selection using the number keys or MENU and SELECT Upon selection the display responds
55. upper concentration value is entered select Enter Accept This screen allows choosing the number of digits to the right of the decimal point that will be displayed during the application analysis The Application gas decimal point max default is 0 The maximum number is 2 Press Next to accept the default value or 1 Change typically higher upper concentration values require fewer digits to the right of the decimal point The Application gas high alarm default is ppm Select 1 Change to set a value Typically the gas high alarm is the same value as the HRL Enter a value and select Enter Accept The Application gas low alarm default is ppm Select 1 Change to set a value or Next Enter a value and select Enter Accept The Application gas STEL alarm default is ppm Select 1 Change to set a value or Next Enter a value and select Enter Accept The Application gas STEL time default is Off Select 1 Change to set a value or v Next Enter a value and select Enter Accept The Application gas molecular weight default is Off Select 1 Change to set a value or Next this value MUST be entered if the gas units are mg m3 Appendix C Scan Calibration Procedure 25 26 21 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 The Application gas liquid density default is Off Select 1 Change to set a value or Next For Multi Gas Library Application
56. 00 can operate from 95 to 260 V ac 50 60 Hz It can also operate from a 12 V dc auto battery The optional de power cable plugs into a standard automobile cigarette lighter Both the ac and dc power connectors are located on the rear of the Charger Power Supply see Figure 3 7 3 5 Chapter 3 Instrument Preparation Note When operating the analyzer with the Model 5100A only plug the chassis interface cable into the left socket If the cable is plugged into the right socket the internal battery pack is charged but the analyzer is not powered Warning Do NOT use the 12 V dc automobile power option while vehicle is in motion Operating any device from the lighter plug while vehicle is in motion creates a potential safety hazard MODEL 5100A MIRAN SAPPHIRE CHARGER POWER SUPPLY Chassis interface connection Battery pack interface connection Figure 3 6 Model 5100A Charger Power Supply When an external battery pack or an analyzer with an internal battery installed is connected to either a Model 5025A or 5100A Charger Power Supply the ready green lamp goes out and the conditioning red lamp comes on briefly Then the charging amber lamp comes on and remains on until the battery has reached full charge When the battery pack is fully charged the charging lamp goes out and the Ready lamp comes on Charging time at reference conditions is approximately four hours for a fully discharged battery pack If a fully c
57. 0321 11 250 0 0268 12 300 0 0333 11 275 0 0262 12 325 0 0353 11 300 0 0258 12 350 0 0385 11 325 0 0256 12 375 0 0419 11 350 0 0258 12 400 0 0462 11 375 0 0257 12 425 0 0513 11 400 0 0259 12 450 0 0562 11 425 0 0259 12 475 0 0599 11 450 0 0254 12 500 0 0647 11 475 0 0249 12 525 0 0687 11 500 0 0250 12 550 0 0702 11 525 0 0253 12 575 0 0721 11 550 0 0253 12 600 0 0729 11 575 0 0256 12 625 0 0723 11 600 0 0265 12 650 0 0703 11 625 0 0274 12 675 0 0688 11 650 0 0289 12 700 0 0667 11 675 0 0300 12 725 0 0640 11 700 0 0312 12 750 0 0616 11 725 0 0322 12 775 0 0584 11 750 0 0331 12 800 0 0573 11 775 0 0329 12 825 0 0572 11 800 0 0342 12 850 0 0568 11 825 0 0337 12 875 0 0558 11 850 0 0334 12 900 0 0558 11 875 0 0324 12 925 0 0552 11 900 0 0319 12 950 0 0545 11 925 0 0305 12 975 0 0528 11 950 0 0293 13 000 0 0519 11 975 0 0288 13 025 0 0498 12 000 0 0274 13 050 0 0488 12 025 0 0268 13 075 0 0476 12 050 0 0269 13 100 0 0471 12 075 0 0272 13 125 0 0468 12 100 0 0268 13 150 0 0493 Wavelength P__ 0 0569 13 250 0 0598 13 275 0 0645 13 300 0 0701 13 325 0 0735 13 350 0 0802 13 375 0 0839 13 400 0 0896 13 425 0 0930 13 450 0 0944 13 475 0 0963 13 500 0 0973 13 525 0 0963 13 550 0 0959 13 575 0 0972 13 600 0 0894 13 625 0 0884 13 650 0 0834 13 675 0 0815 13 700 0 0776 13 725 0 0748 13 750 0 0711 13 775 0 0691 13 800 0 0672 13 825 0 0651 13 850 0 0654 13 875 0 0646 13 900 0 0645 13 925 0 0654 13 950 0 0666 13 975 0 0
58. 13 10 Isopropanol in Air With Absorption Peaks Indicated 13 10 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial For example in the following 10 ppm scan of methylene chloride in ambient air its characteristic absorption peak at around 13 5 microns is practically obscured at low concentrations by other components in the air Figure 13 11 upper Only at higher concentrations or by compensating for other compounds see second scan at 100 ppm compensated for air can certain peaks be easily identified Figure 13 11 lower 0 045 0 040 0 035 0 030 3 Methylene Chloride at 10 ppm 0 025 2 uncompensated for air 5 0 020 Q lt 0 015 0 010 0 005 0 000 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Wavelength In Microns 0 400 0 350 0 300 0 250 Methylene Chloride at 100 ppm compensated for air 0 150 Absorbance 0 100 0 050 0 000 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0 050 Wavelength In Microns Figure 13 11 Scans of Methylene Chloride 13 11 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial Choosing Analytical Wavelengths of Gas Compounds From the fingerprint or IR spectrum by which a compound is identified we must choose a good analytical wavelength for a measurement This is a critical step in performing a gas calibration By identifying characteristic main and secondary absorption peaks unique for that particular compound and recordin
59. 3 8 15 8 548 Short 15 DICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE R123 H SL 200 1253 1 5 9 40 13 124 Long 15 DICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE R123 L SL 10 63 0 07 0 44 8 548 Long 15 DICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE R123 L SL 10 63 0 09 0 56 8 876 Long 15 1 CHLORO 1 1 2 2 TETRAFLUOROETHANE R124 H SL 500 2797 1 4 7 83 8 468 Short 15 1 CHLORO 1 1 2 2 TETRAFLUOROETHANE R124 H SL 500 2797 3 16 78 11 396 Short 15 1 CHLORO 1 1 2 2 TETRAFLUOROETHANE R124 L SL 100 559 0 05 0 28 8 468 Long 15 1 CHLORO 1 1 2 2 TETRAFLUOROETHANE R124 L SL 100 559 0 2 1 12 11 396 Long 15 1 1 1 2 TETRAFLUOROETHANE R134A XL 200 836 0 17 0 71 9 236 Long 10 BROMOTRIFLUOROMETHANE R13B1 XL 1000 6102 1 6 10 9 404 Short 15 1 1 DICHLORO 1 FLUOROETHANE R141B XL 200 959 0 17 0 81 10 892 Long 15 1 1 1 TRIFLUOROETHANE R143a XL 25 87 0 05 0 17 8 312 Long 15 1 1 DIFLUOROETHANE R152a XL 25 68 0 06 0 16 8 972 Long 15 DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE R21 SL 1000 4218 2 8 44 9 452 Short 10 DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE R21 SL 1000 4218 1 5 6 33 12 524 Short 10 ICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE R22 SL 1000 3544 1 3 54 9 140 Short 10 ICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE R22 SL 1000 3544 25 8 86 12 452 Short 10 DICHLOROPENTAFLUOROPROPANE R225 XL 100 404 0 1 0 40 9 188 Long 10 SEVOFLURANE SEVFLN H SL 100 820 0 7 5 74 8 308 Short 10 SEVOFLURANE SEVFLN L SL 10 82 0 03 0 25 8 308 Long 10 Detection Detection Accuracy Library HRL HRL Limit Limit of Compound Name Acronym s
60. 3 for location of battery compartment Open compartment using special key Part Number X0173QH Remove battery by partially turning each screw until the battery is loose 3 7 Chapter 3 Instrument Preparation Caution The conditioning procedure cannot be performed on a battery that is installed in the analyzer Do not press the Conditioning Start pushbutton while the battery is installed This could damage the battery It causes the red conditioning lamp to flash and the charger to return to its previous state 2 Allow the battery to reach a fully charged state This condition is recognized by the illumination of the green Ready lamp 3 Press the Conditioning Start pushbutton The green Ready lamp goes out and the red Conditioning lamp comes on This indicates that the battery is being fully discharged a process which takes up to five hours 4 At the end of the discharge cycle the red Conditioning lamp goes out and the amber Charging lamp comes on This indicates that the battery is being brought to a full charge a process that takes approximately four hours 5 At the end of the charge cycle the amber Charging lamp goes out and the green Ready lamp comes on The battery is now fully charged and conditioned Battery Conditioning Battery Conditioning is slightly different than Battery Indicator Calibration Conditioning the battery ensures that the battery does not develop a memory and that the battery maintains its full r
61. 691 14 000 0 0718 14 025 0 0779 14 050 0 0847 14 075 0 0924 14 100 0 1012 D 2 Appendix E MIRAN SapphiRe Field Performance Verification Kit The SapphIRe Field Performance Verification Kit Kit Part Number CRO14LG includes the following items Quantity 1 CROI4MA Gas Delivery System 1 CROI4LN Cylinder of N O and SF mixture in air Material Safety Data Sheets N gt O and 1 A SF 6 Co Meos Replacement parts for this kit must be ordered directly from Thermo Fisher Scientific To order parts call 1 508 520 0430 GENERAL This kit contains the necessary parts and instructions to verify the performance of the MIRAN SapphIRe Analyzer The stated accuracies of the gas concentrations are not valid beyond the expiration date appearing on the gas tank label The gas concentrations have been deliberately chosen to permit safe operation the levels are at or below the corresponding action levels and are further diluted immediately upon release to the atmosphere INTRODUCTION The field performance check kit consists of a gas mixture containing nitrous oxide sulfur hexafluoride and balance zero air The nominal concentrations and their tolerances are Nitrous Oxide N O 25 parts per million ppm 0 5 ppm Sulfur Hexafluoride SF 1 0 parts per million ppm 0 02 ppm The mixture is contained within a small gas cylinder of approximately 1 liter in volume at a total pressure of approximately 150
62. Batch Sample above Batch Percent of Purge can be changed when faster updates of the data are required The batch cycle consists of three portions In the first portion batch purge the pump draws in a new sample or batch of gas This lasts 20 seconds if Batch Percent of Purge is set to 33 In those 20 seconds about 4 5 liters 2 volumes of gas are drawn into the cell By entering 25 this portion of the cycle lasts 15 seconds and draws about 3 5 liters 1 5 volumes of gas The second portion of the cycle is the measurement of the gas at each of the wavelengths To see the analyzer measuring the wavelengths press the up arrow key to view the Intensity or Absorbance screen if enabled The third portion of the cycle is the display of the data By changing the Batch Percent of Purge to a lower value reduce the cycle time However by doing this each successive sample measurement shows a smaller step change since the gas cell is not being refreshed as quickly In a static or constant concentration location this may not be a problem In the Batch Percent of Purge parameter the last batch percent of purge configured is shown on the display If this is the desired percent of purge press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured To change the batch percent of purge press 1 The Batch Percent of Purge Enter Display appears Key in the desired percent of purge 0 to 100 and press ENTER If the entry is valid the disp
63. Current Site Locations 30 of 35 2 24 OAK ST logged 2 24 OAK ST 3 678 MAPLE ST Memory 85 free 4 9 MAPLE ST Site List Menu 9 1 Chapter 9 Report Data PRINT MENU Warning Intrinsically safe models require special actions with respect to the following section Refer to Appendix B for descriptions of these actions To print a report connect the analyzer to any printer that can accept ASCII text format by connecting the printer cable see Figure 3 1 to the analyzer parallel port see Figure 3 8 Then press 2 Print from the Report Data Menu The Print Menu is displayed see Print Menu below The current status continues to be shown on the left and the menu of selections on the right STATUS PRINT MENU lt all gt 1 Site 2 Full setup 3 Partial setup Memory 94 free 4 Library names Print Menu Press 1 Site from the Print Menu to send data on the site selected in Setup mode to the printer If no site was selected the display reads No site is selected Press 2 Full setup to send all data as specified in the Setup mode to the printer Press 3 Partial setup to access the Partial Setup Menu see Partial Setup Menu below From this secondary menu the information can be printed only for the parameter specified general setup single gas user library report format definition location list or supplemental location list The current status continues to be shown on the left and the
64. IRe Analyzer Model DL SL XL Factory calibrated for number of gases listed 0 50 120 User library of 10 single gas and 10 multi gas applications Yes Yes Yes Alternate measurement wavelengths No Yes Yes Fully upgradable to other models Yes Yes N A Temperature humidity reference compensation Yes Yes Yes Field calibration by user Yes Yes Yes In addition to the features noted in Table 1 1 all instrument models may be configured with two options that must be installed at the factory These are intrinsic safety certification and spectral scanning using the ThermoMatch Spectrum Correlation Software 1 1 Chapter 1 Introduction Each SapphIRe analyzer contains a single beam infrared spectrophotometer A microcontroller automatically controls the analysis processes the measurement signal and calculates the absorbance values Analysis results can be displayed in parts per billion ppb parts per million ppm percent mg m or absorbance units AU Warning Intrinsically safe models require special actions with respect to the following section Refer to Appendix B for descriptions of these actions A rechargeable internal battery pack provides power for up to four hours of continuous operation The system includes a separate charger power supply Figures 3 5 and 3 6 that allows the analyzer to be powered from an ac supply It is also used to recharge the battery pack either in an offline
65. K Label this the A matrix 5 Skip one row and highlight an area with the same number of columns as the A matrix and the same number of rows as the A matrix Type MMULT With the mouse highlight the A matrix and type With the mouse highlight the A matrix and type Simultaneously press Control Shift and Enter Label this the A A matrix 6 Skip one row and highlight an area having the same number of columns and rows as the A A matrix Type MINVERSE With the mouse highlight the A A matrix and type Simultaneously press Control Shift and Enter Label this the INV A A matrix 7 Skip one row and highlight an area having the same number of columns as the A matrix and the same number of rows as the INV A A matrix Type MMULT With the mouse highlight the INV A A matrix and type With the mouse highlight the A matrix and type Simultaneously press Control Shift and Enter Label this the INV A A A matrix C 12 8 Appendix C Scan Calibration Procedure Skip one row and highlight an area having the same number of columns as the C matrix and the same number of rows as the INV A A A matrix Type MMULT With the mouse highlight the INV A A A matrix and type With the mouse highlight the C matrix and type Simultaneously press Control Shift and Enter Label this the P matrix For Single Gas Library Application The first number is the P term and the second number is the Q term
66. L 10 12 0 5 0 14 3 573 Long 10 FORMIC ACID FORMIC XL 30 57 0 12 0 23 9 165 Long 20 H 2 Detection Detection Accuracy Library HRL HRL Limit Limit of Compound Name Acronym see key ppm mg m3 _ ppm mg m3 Wavelength Pathlength reading GEN HALOCARBONS Chloroform GENHAL H SL 100 489 1 7 0 34 13 058 Short 15 GEN HALOCARBONS Chloroform GENHAL L SL 10 49 0 07 8 32 13 058 Long 15 GEN HYDROCARBONS Hexane THCHEX SL 500 1766 0 25 1 02 3 333 Long 25 GEN HYDROCARBONS Methane THCMETH SL 20 13 1 5 0 99 3 333 Long 15 HALOTHANE HALTHN H SL 100 809 1 5 12 13 12 372 Short 10 HALOTHANE HALTHN H SL 100 809 0 09 0 73 8 972 Long 15 HALOTHANE HALTHN L SL 10 81 0 25 2 02 12 372 Long 10 HALOTHANE HALTHN L SL 10 81 0 09 0 73 8 972 Long 18 HEPTANE HEPTANE XL 1000 4107 10 41 07 10 772 Long 10 n HEXANE HEXANE XL 500 1766 0 25 0 88 3 333 Long 25 HYDRAZINE HYDRAZIN XL 50 66 0 8 1 05 10 844 Long 10 ISOBUTANE ISOBUTAN XL 250 595 2 5 5 95 8 684 Long 10 ISOFLURANE ISOFLR H SL 100 756 0 7 5 29 8 804 Short 10 ISOFLURANE ISOFLR H SL 100 756 0 5 3 78 11 372 Long 10 ISOFLURANE ISOFLR L SL 10 76 0 04 0 30 8 804 Long 10 ISOFLURANE ISOFLR L SL 10 76 0 5 3 78 11 372 Long 10 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL IPA H SL 1000 2463 10 24 63 10 586 Short 10 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL IPA H SL 1000
67. L 100 602 0 6 3 61 8 992 Long 25 p DICHLOROBENZENE PDICLBNZ XL 150 904 0 25 1 51 9 284 Long 15 1 1 DICHLOROETHANE 11DICLOR XL 200 811 0 4 1 62 9 548 Long 20 1 2 DICHLOROETHYLENE 12DICLOR XL 500 1986 0 6 2 38 11 204 Long 15 DICHLOROETHYLETHER 2CLETH XL 50 293 0 12 0 70 8 970 Long 25 DIETHYLAMINE DIETHLAM XL 50 150 0 35 1 05 8 900 Long 10 DIMETHYLACETAMIDE DMAC XL 30 107 0 4 1 43 8 588 Long 15 DIMETHYLAMINE DIMETHAM XL 50 92 0 6 1 11 8 828 Long 10 N N DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE DMF XL 20 60 0 2 0 60 9 404 Long 10 DIOXANE DIOXANE XL 100 361 0 08 0 29 8 996 Long 15 ENFLURANE ENFLRN H SL 100 756 0 6 4 54 8 900 Short 10 ENFLURANE ENFLRN H SL 100 756 0 2 1 51 12 116 Long 10 ENFLURANE ENFLRN L SL 10 76 0 03 0 23 8 900 Long 10 ENFLURANE ENFLRN L SL 10 76 0 2 1 51 12 116 Long 10 ETHANE ETHANE XL 1000 1232 0 3 0 37 3 333 Long 20 ETHANOLAMINE ETHNOLAM XL 50 125 0 7 1 75 8 900 Long 20 ETHYL ACETATE ETHYLACT XL 500 1805 1 1 3 97 8 290 Short 10 ETHYL ALCOHOL ETOH XL 2000 3776 5 9 44 9 596 Short 10 ETHYL BENZENE ETHYLBNZ XL 200 870 1 2 5 22 13 520 Long 15 ETHYL CHLORIDE ETHLCLOR XL 1500 3966 1 2 64 10 388 Long 10 ETHYL ETHER ETHYLETH XL 500 1519 1 8 5 47 8 972 Long 10 ETHYL LACTATE ETHLAC SL 100 484 0 08 0 39 8 348 Long 15 ETHYLENE ETHYLENE XL 100 115 0 4 0 46 10 628 Long 10 ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE ETHDICHL XL 100 406 0 7 2 84 8 300 Long 10 ETHYLENE OXIDE ETO SL 100 181 0 35 0 63 11 652 Long 10 ETHYLENE OXIDE ETO SL 100 181 0 6 1 08 3 333 Long 10 FORMALDEHYDE FORMALD S
68. MIRAN 205B Series SapphiRe Instruction Manual Portable Ambient Air Analyzers Part Number BK3538 12Apr2013 2007 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc All rights reserved Specifications terms and pricing are subject to change Not all products are available in all countries Please consult your local sales representative for details Thermo Fisher Scientific Air Quality Instruments 27 Forge Parkway Franklin MA 02038 1 508 520 0430 www thermo com aqi Thermo Fisher Scientific WEEE Compliance This product is required to comply with the European Union s Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment WEEE Directive 2002 96 EC It is marked with the following symbol Thermo Fisher Scientific has contracted with one or more recycling disposal companies in each EU Member State and this product should be disposed of or recycled through them Further information on Thermo Fisher Scientific s compliance with these Directives the recyclers in your country and information on Thermo Fisher Scientific products which may assist the detection of substances subject to the RoHS Directive are available at www thermo com WEEERoHS WEEE Compliance CONTENTS 1 Introduction seessesseesoesoosseesoesoossoesoesoossoesoesoossoesoessossossseesossoosseesoesoossoesoesoossoesoesoossosss 1 1 G n ral Descriptio enre een a a a a a ses ines meee rs 1 1 Zs CCUG AUIONIS asec cacnueivedecyewaverceenoeaacoessuncoxonsw seonesesubevoubenesuge adpestonr
69. Only The Application gas GTWA weight default is Off Select 1 Change to set a value or Next For Multi Gas Library Application Only The instrument returns to the Gas Summary screen for the second gas Repeat steps 15 26 for each gas For Single Gas Library Application Only The Application wave count default is 1 Select Next For Multi Gas Library Application Only Enter the number of wavelengths to be analyzed The Wavelength Summary screen shows the wavelength that the analyzer will measure at Select 1 Change Again select 1 Change Enter the wavelength recorded in step D 2 and select Enter Accept this value MUST be entered The Wavelength H 2 O absorbance should be left at the default value to disable humidity compensation Select v Next For Multi Gas Library Application Only The instrument returns to the Wavelength Summary screen for the second wavelength Repeat steps 29 32 for each wavelength The Application temperature compensation reference default value is Off Select Next Note To support temperature compensation set this value to reference temperature instead 35 The Application pressure compensation reference default value is Off Select Next Note To support pressure compensation set this value to reference pressure instead 36 37 The Reference Compensation default is Off If the application requires a referenc
70. Short 10 ICARBON TETRACHLORIDE CCL4 L SL 5 32 0 05 0 32 12 660 Long 10 ICELLOSOLVE CELOSV H SL 500 1847 2 3 8 49 8 980 Short 10 ICELLOSOLVE CELOSV L SL 50 185 0 1 0 37 8 980 Long 10 ICELLOSOLVE ACETATE CLSLVAC SL 200 1083 0 15 0 81 9 524 Long 25 ICHLOROBENZENE CLOROBEN XL 150 692 0 4 1 85 9 332 Long 10 ICHLOROBROMOMETHANE CLBRMETH XL 500 2651 0 4 2 12 8 324 Long 25 CHLOROFORM CHCL3 H SL 100 489 1 7 8 32 13 058 Short 15 CHLOROFORM CHCL3 H SL 100 489 0 5 2 45 8 372 Long 15 H 1 Detection Detection Accuracy Library HRL HRL Limit Limit of Compound Name Acronym see key ppm mg m3 _ ppm mg m3 Wavelength Pathlength reading CHLOROFORM CHCL3 L SL 10 49 0 07 0 34 13 058 Long 15 CHLOROFORM CHCL3 L SL 10 49 0 5 2 45 8 372 Long 15 m CRESOL MCRESOL SL 10 44 0 4 1 77 8 756 Long 20 CUMENE CUMENE XL 100 493 1 4 93 13 256 Long 10 CYCLOHEXANE CYCLHEX SL 500 1724 6 20 69 11 156 Long 10 CYCLOHEXANE CYCLHEX SL 500 1724 6 20 69 8 108 Long 10 CYCLOPENTANE CYCLPENT XL 500 1437 6 17 25 11 252 Long 10 DESFLURANE DESFLR H SL 100 689 0 7 4 82 8 588 Short 10 DESFLURANE DESFLR H SL 100 689 0 7 4 82 9 092 Short 10 DESFLURANE DESFLR L SL 10 69 0 04 0 28 8 588 Long 10 DESFLURANE DESFLR L SL 10 69 0 04 0 28 9 092 Long 10 m DICHLOROBENZENE MDICLBNZ XL 150 904 0 35 2 11 12 836 Long 15 lo DICHLOROBENZENE ODICLBNZ X
71. TI CONCENTRATION Add or search for location pT H 0 00 ppm V Next match Press char key A Backspace LOCATION Enter Accept Add Search Location Example If searching for Bedroom 2 enter B Display may show B AR Press the down arrow for next match Display may show B EDROOM Press the down arrow for next match Display may show IB EDROOM1 Press the down arrow for next match Display may show IB EDROOM2 Press ENTER to accept Note To bring up a more selective choice enter the first few letters for example BE to skip the location bar and begin the search at bedroom Note The up arrow clears the preceding character it does not navigate upwards through the list Chapter 4 Operation INFORMATION SCREENS The following information regarding the analyzer is presented on information screens To access these screens press 0 from the Main Menu Press or w to access additional information screens Press ESC to return to the Main Menu e Model e Serial Number e Software Version e Dates of Last and Next Service e Concentration Calculation installed or not e Spectrum Scan installed or not e Optional Temperature Sensor installed or not e Manufacture Date e Standard Library installed or not e Full Library installed or not e Enhanced Library installed or not e User Library in
72. TICS lt Oda iss Shere Sask Se 02 START DDDDDDDDDD TTTTTTTT 03 STOP DDDDDDDDDD TITTTTTTT 04 05 06 GGGGGGGG 07 CONCENTRATION DATE TIME VALIDITY Ognar t lean SSS See es eee a do oSA eee S 09 STEL MAXIMUM XXXXXX UUU DDDDDDDDDD TTTTTTTT VVWV 10 MAXIMUM XXXXXX UUU DDDDDDDDDD TTTTTTTT VVW 11 MINIMUM XXXXXX UUU DDDDDDDDDD TTTTTTTT VVV 12 AVERAGE XXXXXX UUU DDDDDDDDDD TTTTTTTT VVWV Lines 4 through 12 repeated for each gas where GGGGGGGG Gas name left justified trailing suppressed DDDDDDDDDD Date format as controlled by designators default DDMMMYY left justified trailing spaces TTTTTTTT Time format as controlled by designators default HH MM SS left justified trailing spaces XXXXXX Concentration UUU Concentration units ppb opm Wo 5 VVV Validity format as controlled by designators default Okay Fault Alarm 00 to 19 Measurement Statistics Line 0 to 19 Description Generate measurement statistics line as specified by field designator index When Valid When continuous data logged for site location initially first value logged for a site either valid or invalid depending on logging mode Character size 0 to 256 as required Format See above 14 23 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 20 Measurement Statistics Date DDMMMYY Description When Valid Character size Format Select format for date in statistics Last designator
73. The last mode condition configured is shown on the display If this is the mode condition for the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the mode condition The Mode Select Display appears Select the condition for the application Off or On The display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Humidity Wavelength Humidity Wavelength enables specifies the humidity wavelength usually the humidity filter wavelength of 1 859 um The last humidity wavelength configured is shown on the display If this is the desired wavelength press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter Press 1 to change the wavelength The Wavelength Enter Display appears Key in the desired wavelength in um and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and changes to the next parameter to be configured 7 35 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Humidity Absorbance Humidity Absorbance specifies the coefficient for a P Q and R parameter or the maximum absorbance value any of which may be assigned to Range 1 2 or 3 for the application The last humidity absorbance value for each range configured is shown on the display To accept this data press ENTER The display jumps to the Pathlength Display To change the absorbance values press 1 The Humidity Range Select Display appears see Humidity Range Select Display below
74. ThermoConnect The enhanced firmware is provided as self extracting zipped files on diskette at the time of the firmware release It may also be obtained by accessing the Thermo Fisher Scientific web site http www thermo com ih and selecting the software button Create a new subdirectory and save the download into this new directory typically this file is named Svvvvvv exe where the S denotes Sapphire and the v s denote the version release number Note Thermo Fisher Scientific suggests that the new directory be created under the PCIP directory This file provides the four files necessary to upgrade the firmware To execute run the file and the four new files readme txt changes txt report txt and M205 prm will be extracted and reside in the same directory as the original file Print the readme txt file and follow the steps exactly as printed The entire process including reloading the full set up should take approximately 35 minutes Caution Remember to backup the full set up file prior to uploading the new operating firmware Chapter 11 Firmware Update Notes 1 Thermo Fisher Scientific supplies two disks with each SapphIRE One contains the ThermoConnect software and should be loaded as indicated above The second contains instrument specific application files applic txt a generic read me file readme txt and a setup file setup txt Thermo Fisher Scientific recommends copying these fil
75. UMMARY PREFERENCE MENU Language English 1 Language Decimal pt Period 2 Decimal point Temp unit C 3 Temp unit Press unit mmHg 4 Press unit Conc unit ppb ppm 5 Cone unit Volume unit ml 6 Volume unit S More Setup Preference Menu Page 2 7 4 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup 1 Language Selects the language of the display 1 English 2 Francais 3 Espanol and 4 Deutsche 2 Decimal Selects the type of decimal point character 1 a period and 2 a comma enu Item 3 Temp unit Selects the temperature unit 1 C and 2 F Selects the pressure unit 1 mmHg 2 inHg 3 kPa 4 bar 5 Press unit psi and 6 A atmospheres 5 Conc unit Selects the concentration default unit 1 ppb ppm and 2 mg m 3 6 Volunit Selects the liquid volume unit 1 ml and 2 cc GAS UNIT Pressing 3 Gas unit from the Setup Menu causes the Unit Gas Selection Menu to be displayed see Unit Gas Selection menu below The current application is displayed on the left and the menu of selections on the right Choose the gas for which the units are specified If there is a single gas application this display is omitted and the display shown in the right side of Gas Unit menu shown below is displayed instead Note Changing the gas unit from ppm to ppb does not increase the analyzer s sensitivity ENT APPLICATION E ppm E ppm E
76. User Performance Verification From the Main Menu select 2 Change gas Select Enter Other If no application has been selected previously it skips to Step 4 Select 4 Spectrum scan Select either 5 Full L for long path scanning used for lowest detectable levels or 6 Full S for short path scanning used for higher concentration scans Note that higher quality results are obtained using a full scan The Main Menu returns From the Main Menu select 1 Analyze Start If the Peak pick range is correct input Enter Continue skip to step 11 Select 1 Change Input beginning wavelength and select Enter Input ending wavelength and select Enter must be 2 0 microns or less Select 1 New zero This step is omitted if no zero was saved from a previous analysis and the instrument skips to step 12 Attach the closed loop system to the analyzer in port on pump attaches to out port on analyzer out port on pump attaches to in port on analyzer Note that the instruction to Install chemical filter does not apply to a spectrum scan and the closed loop system should be installed Turn closed loop system pump ON for approximately 15 seconds Select Enter Continue and wait for zero scan approximately 1 minute If Zero Save is on automatic see Analysis Preferences screen there is no option either to repeat zero or save zero If Zero Save is not on automatic there will be a
77. Zero function gives the user another opportunity to zero the analyzer To begin this function Press 2 Zero from the Analysis Menu The remainder of the procedure is the same as that explained earlier in this chapter in To Zero the Analyzer LOCATION NAME The Location Name function enables the user to identify the location of the analysis The present location Name appears on the bottom left of the Analysis Menu screen if the Location mode is enabled If the user wants to change the location press 3 Location name The display presents the Location List Menu see Location List menu below If the previous or next location is desired press 4 Previous or 5 Next respectively ENTI CONCENTRATION Current list 1 Browse 2 Add or search Locations for adding to list 3 Browse 4 Search Location List Menu Chapter 5 Analysis To review the Location List or to select a location name press 1 Browse If no locations are in the current list the display reads Location list is empty If locations are listed select the location name using the MENU and SELECT keys or the number keys The display responds ACCEPTED To search for a location name press 2 Add or search The Add or Search screen is displayed see Add Search screen below Enter the first letters of the location name and Press ENTER to accept Example If searching for Bedroom 2 enter B Display may show B AR
78. _ Disabled 14 12 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 15 Low Concentration Alarm Latched Description When Valid Character size Format Indicates whether the low concentration alarm is enabled and latched for applications supporting the alarm Always but may change if value changed during site initially value when reset for new site 1 x Enabled Disabled 16 STEL Concentration Alarm Latched Description When Valid Character size Format Indicates whether the STEL concentration alarm is enabled and latched for applications supporting the alarm Always but may change if value changed during site initially value when reset for new site 1 x Enabled Disabled 17 Log On Alarm Only Description When Valid Character size Format 18 to 99 Reserved Description When Valid Character size Format Indicates whether the logging on alarm only is active Always but may change if value changed during site initially value when reset for new site 1 x Enabled _ Disabled Reserved for future use Never Not applicable Not applicable Field Designator Application Data 00 Application Primary Name Description When Valid Character size Format Primary name of application Always but may change if application changed during site initially value when reset for new site 12 Left justified trailing spaces undefined 14 13 Ch
79. al hydrocarbons 3 573 formaldehyde 4 004 reference 4 250 carbon dioxide 4 500 nitrous oxide and 4 620 carbon monoxide Pathlength Two user selected settings 0 5 and 12 5 meters nominal Battery Pack Type Internal rechargeable sealed intrinsically safe NiCd Nickel y Cadmium battery pack Voltage 7 2 V nominal Capacity 5 7 Ah Battery Operating Time Up to four hours of continuous operation at 23 C Battery Recharge Time Four hours after complete discharge if analyzer is off Approximately two hour for each hour of discharge from full capacity if analyzer of off Operator Error Alarm User definable none double beep error screen Chapter 2 Specifications Concentration Alarm Low High and STEL Power Requirements of ac dc Converter 95 to 260 V ac at 50 60 Hz 3 or 11 to 15 V dc 5A from automobile battery with optional dc power cable Measurement Cycle Time Single gas analysis screen updated each half second Dependent upon application in multigas mode or if compensations are enabled Reference Operating and Storage Conditions See Table 2 2 Electromagnetic Complies with the requirements of the European EMC Compatibility EMC Directive 89 336 EEC Sample Flow Rate 14 liters minute nominal with sampling wand and particulate filter Sample Cell Volume 2 23 liters Gas Purging 5 volumes of sample required to purge cell by 99 Ta
80. all wavelengths For Both Single and Multi Gas Library Applications For both single and multigas library applications press ESC until the analyzer prompts to save the changes made If the changes are correct select Enter Save For Both Single and Multi Gas Library Applications Press ESC until the Main Menu appears The specific SapphIRe instrument is now calibrated for the compound s of interest For Both Single and Multi Gas Library Applications Verify the calibration by entering known concentrations of the target compound To do this insert an injection volume that is in the middle of the concentration range and verify that the concentration reading is within 10 of the reading obtained during calibration Appendix D HUMIDITY COMPENSATION TABLE Wavelength P__ Wavelength P__ 0 1421 0 0625 0 0000 0 0576 0 0000 0 0527 4 250 0 0000 8 800 0 0484 4 500 0 0076 8 825 0 0441 4 620 0 0173 8 850 0 0410 7 700 0 3414 8 875 0 0383 7 725 0 3754 8 900 0 0364 7 750 0 4182 8 925 0 0345 7 775 0 4014 8 950 0 0333 7 800 0 3674 8 975 0 0317 7 825 0 3320 9 000 0 0302 7 850 0 2976 9 025 0 0299 7 875 0 2685 9 050 0 0297 7 900 0 2467 9 075 0 0298 7 925 0 2311 9 100 0 0309 7 950 0 2222 9 125 0 0330 7 975 0 2192 9 150 0 0351 8 000 0 2184 9 175 0 0381 8 025 0 2172 9 200 0 0403 8 050 0 2123 9 225 0 0423 8 075 0 2011 9 250 0 0441 8 100 0 1830 9 275 0 0450 8 125 0 1641 9 300 0 0459 8 150 0 1427 9 325 0 0464 8 175 0 1229 9 350 0 0465
81. and Setup ANALYSIS Analysis Setup is done from four menus The menus are shown here and are discussed in depth in the following sections SUMMARY ANALYSIS S Logging Single Sample 1 Logging 10 Seconds 2 Alarms Alarms High _STEL 3 Compensa L Low gt Compensations _ 4 Preferences Temp Pres Ref H20 A More Analysis Setup Menu Page 1 SUMMARY ANALYSIS SETUP _Batch sampling 1 Batch sample _Zero warning 2 Zero warning _Autozero 3 Autozero m Data Views _ VConce Max Min Avg 4 View enable STEL Absb Intn Gain A v More Analysis Setup Menu Page 2 SUMMARY ANALYSIS S Passcode Off 1 Passcode Capacity 50 200 2 Log capacity Locations Off 3 Location list Reprt Out As logged 4 Report output Aa z More Analysis Setup Menu Page 3 APPLIC SETUP 1 Choose applic 2 Applic view and edit 3 User settings Aa vy More Analysis Setup Menu Page 4 7 7 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup ANALYSIS SETUP PAGE 1 Pressing 5 Analysis from the Setup Menu causes the display to ask for the passcode if the analyzer is configured to be passcode protected If the passcode is correct the first of four Analysis Setup Menus is displayed see Analysis Setup Menu Page 1 above The current application setup summary is displayed on the left and the menu of selections on the right In the summary the Logging mode is described as Off Single samp
82. and Setup If 3 is pressed to select the locations reported press 1 to choose All Locations or 2 to choose Only Logged locations If 4 is pressed to select if duplicates are to be reported press 1 to choose Duplicates or 2 to choose No Duplicates ANALYSIS SETUP PAGE 4 This menu shown below differs from the three other Analysis Setup Menus in that it is used to set up a specific application It is accessed by pressing the down arrow key from Analysis Setup Page 3 menu or the up arrow key from Analysis Setup Page 1 menu ANALYSIS SETUP 1 Choose applic SF6 2 User Settings 3 Applic view and edit a g More Analysis Setup Menu Page 4 Choose Application If the application shown on the left side of the display is not the application that is to be set up press 1 Choose applic Refer to changing applications at the beginning of this chapter for instructions on how to choose an application 7 21 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup User Settings User Settings modify the parameters of the selected application that do not impact application performance This involves selecting the gas if it is a multi gas application and then configuring the gas unit high alarm low alarm STEL alarm and STEL time for any application A flow chart of the configuration is shown in the User Settings flow chart below GAS UNIT HIGH ALARM MULTI GA USER SELECT SET STEL ALARM STEL TIME SINGLE GAS F
83. anually to 0 5 or 12 5 meters The adjustment mechanism causes a small rod to press on a mirror inside the cell By pivoting the angle of the mirror the number of reflections of light is increased or decreased depending on the direction the mirror is moved All analyzers must have a source of infrared radiation The source in the SapphIRe Analyzer is a metal alloy filament which when heated to 825 C emits a broad spectrum of radiation The filament s operation is similar to the one used in a regular light bulb except that it produces primarily wavelengths of infrared energy or heat instead of light Radiation from the filament passes through revolving blades which interrupt or chop the beam and synchronize the electronic circuits with the IR energy reaching the photodetector cell The beam of energy must be interrupted so that the intensity of IR energy reaching the photodetector constantly varies Otherwise the detector would rapidly become saturated and insensitive to the IR radiation Next the modulated beam passes through a monochromatic filter made of special glass that allows a narrow band of IR radiation to pass through at any one moment This infrared linear variable filter is capable of selecting one of seven fixed bandpass filters or individual wavelengths in the range of 7 7 to 14 1 microns Figure 13 19 This is accomplished by a servo mechanism automatically moving the filter to the correct position The filter moves between fixed
84. apter 14 Custom Report Formatting 01 Application Secondary Name Description When Valid Character size Format Secondary name of application Always but may change if application changed during site initially value when reset for new site 12 Left justified trailing spaces undefined 02 Application Type 03 to 29 Reserved 30 31 Description When Valid Character size Format Description When Valid Character size Format Type of application Always but may change if application changed during site initially value when reset for new site 10 Left justified trailing spaces Single Gas Single gas single analytical wavelength Multi gas Multi gas multi analytical wavelength Scan Spectrum scan Undefined Reserved for future use Never Not applicable Not applicable Application Gas Name Description When Valid Character size Format Application gas name of gas specified by the current General Purpose Index see previous section Always but may change if application changed during site initially value when reset for new site 8 Left justified trailing spaces Undefined or 0 length Application Gas High Range Limit Description When Valid Character size Format Application gas high range limit of gas specified by the current General Purpose Index see previous section Always but may change if application changed
85. are Update STATUS DATA TRANSFE Site lt all gt Mode Auto Baud 9600 Locations 1 Change mode Memory 94 free 2 Change baud 3 Send receiv STATUS DATA TRANSFER Site lt all gt Mode Manual Baud 38400 Locations 1 Change mode 2 Change baud Memory 94 free 3 Send 4 Receive Automatic and Manual Data Transfer Menus Connect the analyzer to the computer with a serial communication cable Verify that the baud rate on the analyzer and that on the computer match A baud rate of 19200 is considered standard In PCIP press F2 for file and select the directory to store the file Type a file name for example MYSETUP TXT As it is being typed the file name appears at the bottom of the screen Press ENTER to end the file name If ThermoConnect is being used press F5 Receive and then F6 Full Setup Uploading New Firmware With the analyzer running press the Firmware Update Switch on the analyzer with a thin rod such as a paper clip see Figure 3 8 for location The Firmware Update menu is displayed Press the applicable number to select a language FIRMWARE UPDATE 1 00 Select language English 2 Francais Espanol 4 Deutsche 1 3 Enter Continue Firmware Update Menu Press ENTER to continue to the Firmware Main Menu Chapter 11 Firmware Update MAIN MENU Firmware version 205 050000P Firmware validity Valid 1 Update firmware 2 Validate firmware 3 Serial setup 4 Detail
86. art is selected the next display prompts entering the time to start logging Enter the time in a HH MM format Specify the hours from 00 to 23 24 hour clock and the minutes from 00 to 59 Upon a valid entry the next display prompts entering a timed log duration It can be entered as 1 to 999 seconds or minutes The numeric field entry is keyed in the units are selected with the down arrow key The display responds ACCEPTED Log Store Log Store selects the data to store for the log To access this parameter press 4 Log store from the Log Menu Then press 1 to specify maximum value 2 for minimum 3 for average 4 for absorbance 5 for STEL 6 for temperature and 7 for on alarm only Note Option 7 only stores data when an alarm is activated When finished press ENTER to set these selections The display indicates that the entries are ACCEPTED When in the single sample mode or in the continuous sample mode for a single gas analysis the interval can be set for example at 10 seconds The analyzer measures data at a rate of two points per second Thus in the 10 second period of this example there will be 20 data points from which to choose It may be useful to store the Mx Min and Avg of those 20 values At the end of the interval the analyzer discards all other data points Memory space is impacted only by those entries that are stored Note If data is stored for absorbance STEL or temperature modifications to
87. at Rigit Justified leading spaces undefined 20 Measurement Data Concentration Max Description Maximum concentration measured during the data logging interval for the gas specified by the current General Purpose Index see previous section When Valid When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site Character size 6 Format Rignt Justified leading spaces undefined 14 18 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 21 Measurement Data Concentration Min Description When Valid Character size Format Minimum concentration measured during the data logging interval for the gas specified by the current General Purpose Index see previous section When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 6 Rignt Justified leading spaces undefined 22 Measurement Data Concentration Avg Description When Valid Character size Format Average concentration measured during the data logging interval for the gas specified by the current General Purpose Index see previous section When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 6 Rignt Jasanied leading spaces undefined 23 Measurement Data Concentration STEL Description When Valid Character size Format Maximum STEL concentration measured during the data logging interval for the gas specified by the current General Purpose Index see previo
88. ation is enabled for applications supporting the compensations Always but may change if value changed during site initially value when reset for new site x Enabled _ Disabled 11 High Concentration Alarm Enable Description When Valid Character size Format Indicates whether the high concentration alarm is enabled for applications supporting the alarm Always but may change if value changed during site initially value when reset for new site 1 x Enabled _ Disabled 12 Low Concentration Alarm Enable Description When Valid Character size Format Indicates whether the low concentration alarm is enabled for applications supporting the alarm Always but may change if value changed during site initially value when reset for new site 1 x Enabled Disabled 13 STEL Concentration Alarm Enable Description When Valid Character size Format Indicates whether the STEL concentration alarm is enabled for applications supporting the alarm Always but may change if value changed during site initially value when reset for new site 1 x Enabled Disabled 14 High Concentration Alarm Latched Description When Valid Character size Format Indicates whether the high concentration alarm is enabled and latched for applications supporting the alarm Always but may change if value changed during site initially value when reset for new site 1 x Enabled
89. be plotted using a common strip chart recorder to produce an air referenced spectrum similar to that in Figure 13 8 0 18 0 16 0 14 0 12 S 50 10 2 5 0 08 Q lt 0 06 0 04 0 02 0 00 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Wavelength In Microns Figure 13 8 Scan of Tetrahydrofuran THF Infrared spectra are specific for the compound analyzed Like fingerprints no two are the same This provides a means for identifying an organic substance A typical spectrum is a plot of absorption or transmission of infrared energy radiation against its wavelength A or wavenumber v As indicated in Figure 13 7 the drive of the optical filter is synchronized with the x axis of the chart recorder so that the latter indicates the wavelength of radiation reaching the detector via the slit It is important to note that the SapphIRe Analyzer operates continuous wavelengths from 7 7 to 14 1 13 8 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial microns The signal from the detector is transmitted to the y axis of the recorder indicating how much radiation is absorbed by the sample at a particular wavelength Thus any point on the curve of an absorption spectrum can characterized by two factors wavelength and the intensity of IR energy absorption Absorption Peaks The wavelength at which maximum energy absorption occurs is called an absorption peak It is a narrow band of frequencies of energy strongly a
90. be selected or press ESC to return to Meas Absorb gt Conc Range Select and ESC again to return to Meas Absorb gt Conc Pressing the down arrow key at this point returns to the Primary Name Display see Primary Name Display above Matrix Parameters Matrix Parameters is used for multigas applications It specifies the coefficient for a P and Q parameter for each part of the matrix The last coefficients configured are shown on the display MATRIX PARAMETERS Gas Wavelength Matrix 3 2 absorb gt concent Q 1 123456E 07 P 7 890234E 05 Matrix Parameters Display To accept this data for the column and row indicated press ENTER The display for the next row in the matrix appears or if the current matrix is in the last row the display for the next column first row appears or if the current matrix is in the last column last row the display returns to the Primary Name Display see Primary Name Display above To change the coefficients press 1 The Matrix Parameter Select Display appears Select the desired parameter P or Q The Matrix Parameter Enter Display appears Key in the desired parameter coefficient in the form 1 123456E 07 and press ENTER Note Use the down arrow key for a minus sign 7 40 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then returns to the Matrix Parameters Display The next position in the matrix can then be config
91. ble 2 2 Operating and Storage Conditions Reference Normal Normal sees Influence Operating Operating Operative St at Limit Conditions Conditions Limits Crags Ambient 222 C 5 to 40 C 1 and 50 C 20 and 60 C Temperature 73 4 F 40 to 105 F 35 and 120 F I 5 and 140 F Relative 50 10 5 to 95 0 and 95 0 and 100 Humidity i noncondensing noncondensing noncondensing Ambiente 1003 21 kPalsetot0okPa 90 and 110 KEA 80 and 19 Rea Pressure d 14 7 1 psi 12 5 to 15 3 psi 11 6 and 15 9 psi 11 6 and 15 9 psi a Range of operating conditions within which the influence is negligible b Range of operating conditions within which a device is designed to operate and for which the specifications for the influence applies c Range to which a device can be subjected without permanent impairment of operating characteristics Device may require adjustment to restore specified performance upon returning within the limits of Normal Operating Conditions Maximum temperature for intrinsically safe models is 40 C d Single pressure point within the range pressure may not vary throughout the range 2 2 Chapter 2 Specifications Table 2 3 Physical Specifications Item Specification Enclosure Material Estaloc Internal Sampling Lines Corrugated Teflon Detector Pyroelectric lithium tantalate Standard Bare Aluminum Optional Teflon Coated Le
92. bsorbed by compounds in a sample cell The absorption peak s wavelength value is a qualitative measurement While frequency or wavenumber is often used to indicate this information wavelength in u m units is also used to identify absorption peaks Note Viewing absorption peak values on spectral charts gives only a rough approximation of the specific values of absorption peaks Much greater accuracy can be achieved with computer aided analyzers such as the SapphIRe Analyzer If the sample cell were completely clean of any absorbing gases including air the absorption spectrum would look like that shown in Figure 13 9 0 020 0 015 oO oO Oo So a Absorbance 0 000 Nira mat 0 005 Wavelength In Microns Figure 13 9 Blank Air Reference Scan 13 9 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial Not all absorption spectra are so simple Most contain multiple peaks Figure 13 10 is an absorption spectrum of a single organic compound Isopropanol in air There are a number of distinct absorption peaks shown circled Some peaks contain shoulders less intense peaks leading up to the main peak From this figure it is obvious that infrared spectra of multiple compounds have many overlapping peaks 0 060 0 050 0 040 0 030 Absorbance 0 020 0 010 0 000 T T T T T 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Wavelength In Microns Figure
93. cations 1978 of causing ignition of a mixture of flammable or combustible material in air in its most easily ignitable concentration This apparatus is suitable for use in Division 1 locations An intrinsically safe unit is restricted with respect to the devices that may be attached when in an area classified as hazardous Following is a block diagram of what may be attached in hazardous locations Also listed are several warnings that apply to operation in hazardous areas To ensure safe operation please observe these warnings carefully I O CONFIGURATION VS LOCATION FOR MIRAN SAPPHIRE M205B Hazardous Locations Table B 1 Electrical Safety Specifications Testing Laboratory Types of Protection Application and Area Classification Conditions CENELEC flameproof EEx ib d IIB Temperature Class T4 ETL and ETL C Certified Class I Division 1 Groups B C and D Temperature Class T4 AIR SAMPLE PROBE BATTERY INSTALLED MIRAN AND SECURED BY SAPPHIRE VO PANEL RETAINING SCREWS INSTRUMENT DOOR CLOSED BATTERY REMOVAL AND NO CONNECTIONS INSTALLATION IS NOT ALLOWED ALLOWED Figure B 1 I O Configuration in Hazardous Locations Appendix B Intrinsic Safety Warning When operating in hazardous areas 1 Static discharge hazard Wipe case with moist cloth before use and avoid rubbing the case against clothing 2 Do not remove or replace the battery cassette 3 Keep the I O panel door closed No electrical
94. cent of purge configured is shown on the display If this is the desired percent of purge press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the percent of purge The Percent of Purge Enter Display appears Key in the desired percent of purge 0 to 100 and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Batch Mode Batch Mode enables or turns off this mode The last mode condition configured is shown on the display If this is the desired mode condition for the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the mode condition The Mode Select Display appears Select the condition for the application Enabled or Off The display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured 7 37 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup If Batch Mode is enabled the analyzer performs a trap and purge routine This turns the pump off during the measurement of all analytical wavelengths This ensures the sample is measured at all analytical wavelengths allowing for proper compensations if necessary Once the analysis is completed the pump is turned back on to draw in a new sample and the process is repeated Batch Purge Batch Percent of Purge specifies the percent of maximum gas cell purge to perform during a batch sampling mode As described in
95. ch which tells the microprocessor that the gas cell is now at short path As the mechanism is being changed from the long to short position there is a slight increase in resistance to turning the adjustment This is normal caused by the compression of an internal spring and should not be construed as a defect An audible click indicates when the mirror is in the proper position Battery compartment Figure 4 3 Location of Pathlength Adjustment and Battery Compartment 4 16 Chapter 4 Operation ANALOG OUTPUT Warning Intrinsically safe models require special actions with respect to the following section Refer to Appendix B for descriptions of these actions The SapphIRe analyzer is equipped with a 0 to 1 V dc analog output jack see See Analyzer Output Connections Figure 3 8 This output is linear with concentration and is assigned to a gas in a single gas application In a multi gas application the analog output must be assigned to the gas The output is linear with the High Range Limit HRL see See Gas High Range Limit For example if the HRL is set to 50 ppm and the analyzer is displaying 25 ppm the analog output is 0 5 V dc If the HRL is set to 100 ppm and the analyzer is displaying 25 ppm the analog output is 0 25 V dc INSTRUMENT ORIENTATION The SapphIRe analyzer can be used in primarily two positions 1 vertical with the handle facing up and 2 horizontal with the display facing up Either positi
96. connections are allowed In a non hazardous location the devices shown in Figure B 2 may be safely attached to the SapphIRe analyzer Non Hazardous Locations AIR SAMPLE PROBE BATTERY CHARGER VO PANEL DOOR MAY BE OPEN lt WITH THE BATTERY CHARGER AND PERIPHERAL CONNECTIONS ATTACHED MIRAN SAPPHIRE INSTRUMENT BATTERY CAN BE SAFELY INSTALLED OR REMOVED AS REQUIRED ee PC PRINTER AND ANALOG OUTPUT DEVICES ac PLUG S Figure B 2 I O Configuration in Non Hazardous Locations B 2 Appendix C Scan Calibration Procedure Note Creation of custom calibrations should only be attempted by personnel familiar with laboratory procedures especially the preparation of chemical samples A working knowledge of infrared spectra is also recommended as the results of the scanning need to be interpreted to yield the best results Thermo Fisher Scientific strongly suggests that a single gas application and validation for proper performance is attempted before attempting a multi gas application Please contact Thermo Fisher Scientific if problems are experienced Requirements The following requirements are necessary before attempting calibration e Knowledge of correct procedures for handling chemicals e Knowledge of Microsoft Excel or other suitable spreadsheet program e Closed Loop Calibration System e Suitably sized gas and or liquid syringe s INTRODUCTION Before calibrati
97. created 1 START LOGGING is displayed Pressing 1 will start logging as soon as the purge cycle has been completed Purge Process Display Chapter 5 Analysis Caution If ENTER is pressed to skip the purge cycle a message is displayed citing the need to completely fill the cell If the purge cycle is skipped an error flag P appears next to the displayed data Any logged data is also flagged with a P for insufficient purge This indicates that the sample fill cycle has been overridden and that the cell may not have been completely filled with sample The first few displayed data points may be lower than expected However after the application s purge time has expired typically 60 seconds the analyzer should be displaying the concentration of the external sample and the error flag is erased ENTI CONCENTRATIONJ ANALYSIS m The heavy bands above and below 1 Log the left portion of the display Ao indicate that the analyzer is actively 3 Location menu E 0 00 ppm 4 Prev taking measurements 5 Next Note Location and selections 3 4 and 5 do not appear unless the location mode is enabled Analysis Menu TO BEGIN ANALYSIS If the user chooses not to rezero the analyzer or when the rezero procedure has been completed the display presents the Analysis Menu see Analysis menu above The active measurement is displayed on the left and the menu of selections on the right
98. d for future use Never Not applicable Not applicable 15 Measurement Data Location Description When Valid Character size Format Location of logged data When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 12 Left justified trailing spaces 14 17 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 16 Measurement Data Temperature Degrees C Description Logged sample temperature When Valid When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site Character size 6 Format ao XC right justified leading spaces undefined 17 Measurement Data Temperature Degrees F Description Logged sample temperature When Valid When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site Character size 6 Format XXX XF right justified leading spaces undefined 18 Measurement Data Wavelength Position Description Wavelength in micrometers for the wavelength specified by the current General Purpose Index see previous section When Valid When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site Character size 6 Format Wavelength floating point format XX XXX Righi Justified leading spaces undefined 19 Measurement Data Wavelength Absorbance Description Absorbance for the wavelength specified by the current General Purpose Index see previous section When Valid When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site Character size 7 Form
99. de press 1 Log mode from the Log Menu Then press 1 to turn off the logging feature 2 to specify a single sample per logging trigger or 3 to specify continuous sampling per logging trigger The display responds ACCEPTED Single Sample Logging Use this mode to log the same gas es at a variety of locations For example use single sample logging if performing leak detection at a variety of locations This setting only logs one point Additional points are logged by pressing the 1 Log during analysis Continuous Sample Logging Use this mode to monitor one location for an extended period of time For example use continuous sample logging if monitoring an area where technicians are working for a period of four hours It is highly recommended that the reference temperature and humidity compensations should be enabled if continuous sample logging is used This is because the analyzer can experience drift from internal and environmental factors The above compensations minimize those drift sources to produce a more stable baseline Finally since the SapphIRe analyzer is a portable unit it is not designed to operate continuously for long periods of time Periods of analysis beyond 24 hours can result in premature replacement of some components Log Interval In single sample mode the log interval is the countdown time after the logging trigger in continuous mode it is the frequency of logging To enter Log Interval press 2 L
100. dio can be measured in dozens of feet whereas the wavelengths of x rays can be measured in billionths of an inch Infrared energy is located toward the middle of the electromagnetic spectrum It is in the same area as the only visible portion of the spectrum light The visible portion of the spectrum includes wavelengths from 0 4 to 0 7 um microns or a slightly broader region under appropriate conditions Thus the naked eye can only perceive a very small part of the electromagnetic spectrum At either end of the visible spectrum are invisible wavelengths At longer wavelengths just beyond the red end of the visible spectrum is the infrared region infra meaning frequencies below those of red light Radiation in this region was demonstrated in 1800 by William Herschel the English astronomer Figure 13 2 Herschel placed a blackened thermometer just outside the red end of the spectrum of sunlight formed by a prism He found that the temperature rose even though no visible light was hitting the thermometer As this suggests infrared radiation like light is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum But just as the pitch of sound can get too high or too low to hear the wavelengths of light can get too long or too short to see Although people cannot see infrared energy they can feel it as heat Radiated heat is infrared energy 13 1 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial 107 nm 107 nm 1074 nm 107 nm 107 nm 107 nm 1
101. ds e g benzene are not readily available in gaseous form and are therefore inserted into the pump as a liquid The pump evaporates the liquid before it is introduced to the analyzer C 10 Appendix C Scan Calibration Procedure 7 For Single Gas Library Application Inject first volume and wait for absorbance to stabilize Record absorbance value Air out the instrument and repeat until the absorbance returns to zero 0 0010 AU Reconnect the pump and repeat for each injection volume Rezero the instrument if the absorbance is outside of the allowable 0 0010 AU For Multi Gas Library Application Inject first volume and select Enter new sample Wait for absorbance reading to appear Record absorbance value at all wavelengths and repeat for all concentrations and compounds Flush the system until absorbance returns to zero by disconnecting the pump and exhausting the system e g by attaching an exhaust line to the out port of the instrument Attach the closed loop pump and select 2 Zero Repeat steps 3 7 Note Depending upon the compound it may not be necessary to flush the system after each injection For example if the absorbance value stabilizes introduce the difference between injection values This will save time If however the absorbance value continues to fall it will be necessary to flush the system and introduce the new injection volume value e g by attaching an exhaust line to the out port on the instrument
102. during memory access Pathlength setting is wrong RECOMMENDED SERVICE IS DUE Spectrometer startup has failed Try powering off then back on Watchdog timer has reset the system This message is only generated during the initial self test on powerup It indicates that the time reported by the real time clock hardware is invalid When this message is Contact service for displayed the clock is set to a valid time If assistance the analyzer power is cycled again and this message still appears the backup battery may be dead This message appears if a printer attached to the printer port is reporting an error condition such as out of paper offline or error Clear the status at the printer This message indicates that the analyzer found a problem in the data stored in logging memory This could be caused by the analyzer s power being interrupted during a memory write or by low backup battery If this message appears all logged data is deleted Try logging the data again Ensure the analyzer is properly powered If the problem persists call service for assistance Set the pathlength changer back to the correct position and restart analysis This warning message appears if the pathlength setting is changed to an invalid position during analysis This message appears when the analyzer s next service date has passed Annual maintenance reduces field breakdowns Note that normal operation is possib
103. during site initially value when reset for new site 6 Concentration based on active unit right justified leading spaces 14 14 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 32 Application Gas High Alarm Limit 33 34 35 36 Description When Valid Character size Format Application gas high alarm limit of gas specified by the current General Purpose Index see previous section Always but may change if application changed during site initially value when reset for new site 6 Concentration based on active unit right justified leading spaces Application Gas Low Alarm Limit Description When Valid Character size Format Application gas low alarm limit of gas specified by the current General Purpose Index see previous section Always but may change if application changed during site initially value when reset for new site 6 Concentration based on active unit right justified leading spaces Application Gas STEL Alarm Limit Description When Valid Character size Format Application gas STEL alarm limit of gas specified by the current General Purpose Index see previous section Always but may change if application changed during site initially value when reset for new site 6 Concentration based on active unit right justified leading spaces Application Gas STEL Time Description When Valid Character size Format Application gas STEL time of gas specified by the curren
104. e Baca vk Odean Sens eda aE 4 13 Changing the Pathlength siisii oiana a a AAE ENEE EER 4 16 Analog QBS kecnrannrenen nan a a ean awd de Sy es 4 17 Instrument Orientation cats taee ohccouacies Dua tus aby dante dose stead eauieese deed dae sesaeeanimnedancerenneed 4 17 Bi TIAL ZO SUAEL jsicceidcpeciciecacoescecsesueineseccassenscoccvucecaapaesongandoeussen ue devocpocesivene gobo E eoet iiet 5 1 WG Zero the Analyzer sciroccu and a e i r a E 5 1 To Beem Analysis ocur ranen n a a a e E AE 5 4 TOS E E E EEA E i AA RR 5 5 TA O EEEIEE ETE E ET 5 5 Location NaMe sis coceale ent atte E E saat E E E E lin ated as 5 5 Error Fa u lt Messa g s asci i a E RER E E pause EA EAER 5 7 6 Change GAS isis svesssiccinss ntesvcnssiawisesena issie ro ssov tsrs pV SSS er SEE KEE Oun Eer E ar a e ase 6 1 7 Configuration and Setup seesssesssesssecesocesooccsocessecesocesocesoocesscesscessocesoossoocesoeessocesocse 7 1 CalibratioMens se e ER ia eas E ato EN AT 7 3 Prelerences asue e e A A A e A ER a 7 3 Gas Uta titat bens banny Eiana EEES RAAE TE E bind tineagsducsdeesuds AEEA 7 5 CN GOK aeni a ARTE EREE R E T O wae E ERE aens 7 6 Analys ISen sha ccaltetatcnuet acct cas Be casetu nue ch atta turk cans drama E tan aiceseaae A E 7 7 An lysis SCD Pamela Spee cee Date N aco nn tel a RR ceed ane i E a TRES 7 8 Analysis Setup Page 2 aici acre Aas e estadine Aas a E E a A Asha tnkiess 7 17 Analysis Set p PAGE Jrs atsuen i ees eagar OAE E EPAPARA taasanamauisasbandes 7
105. e application the display returns to Gas Summary for the next gas If this is the last gas in the application the display changes to the next parameter to be configured Wave Count The group TWA is calculated by dividing the instantaneous concentration for each gas by their respective GTWA weighting value and then adding up all of the results Time is factored into this value by logging the average concentration over the user defined logging interval 7 29 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Wave Count Wave Count sets the number of analytical wavelengths for the application The last number configured is shown on the display If this is the number for the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the number The Wave Count Enter Display appears Key in the desired number 1 to 10 and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the Wavelength Summary Wavelength Summary The Wavelength Summary reviews the wavelength position for each wave in the application The display also indicates whether all humidity compensation parameters are zero or not see Wavelength Summary Display below Move from one wave to the next with the arrow keys To accept this data for each wave press ENTER When the last wave is reached the display jumps to the Temperature Compensation Display To change the data in the Wavelength Summary for a wave
106. e instrument is a SapphIRe SL or SapphIRe XL a Secondary Applications menu might appear providing alternate application wavelengths For example if Acetone is chosen from the Primary Applications Menu the Secondary Applications Menu appears as shown below in the Secondary Applications menu The chemical names are interpreted as follows The 0 refers to the analytical wavelength and the 2000 refers to the full scale value The asterisk next to the 2000 indicates the alternate choice for application For more information on the SapphIRe SL and SapphIRe XL analyzers refer to Chapter 1 Introduction fF CURRENT APPLICATION ACETONE 1 11 0 2000 2 8 4 2000 ACETONE Secondary Applications Menu Once a selection is made from the Secondary Applications Menu the display responds ACCEPTED In the above example Acetone can be analyzed at either 8 4 microns or 11 0 microns Both calibration ranges are 0 to 2000 ppm In Figure 6 1 Acetone is present with Methyl Acrylate The figure shows that Methyl Acrylate has a strong absorbance peak at 8 4 microns In order to avoid interference from Methyl Acrylate when analyzing Acetone the analysis should be performed at 11 0 microns Note that Methyl Acrylate does not absorb at 11 0 microns Chapter 6 Change Application 0 250 0 200 j _ ol oO Absorbance O E O O 0 050 0 000 r i 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Wavelength In Microns
107. e the tubing in far enough It should remain in place even if slight rearward tugs are applied to it Always firmly grasp a portion of the capillary tubing as it is removed 4 The displayed gas readings should first rise and then after approximately 3 4 minutes level off and stabilize Note these readings Disconnecting the Sampling Accessory After the readings have stabilized and have been recorded 1 Remove the trigger holder from the gas tank This normally shuts off the flow of any gas remaining in the tank but a slight upward nudge on the trigger itself ensures that the tank valve is fully closed 2 Remove the tubing sleeve from the INLET port and reattach the zero filter 3 Restart the pump by selecting Option 2 from the CONTROL menu the concentration readings should now begin to drop Continue until the readings have returned to substantially zero At this point the analysis may be terminated to stop logging Remember to upload the file for subsequent analysis 4 Remove the capillary tubing end from the tank trigger nozzle and return the sampling accessory to its storage bag Observe the caution note above when removing the capillary tubing MIRAN SapphiRE Field Performance Verification Kit 5 Mark the gas tank in large letters MT to denote that it has been used to perform a gas check 6 Dispose of the tank properly The tank should never be refilled Assessing the Results Provided there are no significant deviat
108. e wavelength 4 004 is recommended select 1 Change 1 Change 2 Enabled and 1 Change Enter the reference wavelength and 1 Change to edit the application measurement drift typically 2 0 Next see Reference Compensation in Chapter 7 for an explanation of this function Select Enter Accept The Humidity compensation default is Off Select Next Contact Thermo Fisher Scientific before enabling humidity compensation for humidity compensation coefficients 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 Appendix C Scan Calibration Procedure The Application pathlength can be set for Long or Short Press 1 Change to select the appropriate pathlength and then Next For optimum sensitivity the long pathlength should be used The short pathlength is recommended for very high concentration measurements The Application dwell time default is 275 Select Next The Application purge of max default is 100 Select Next The Application batch mode default is Enabled Select Next The Application batch purge default is 100 Select Next For Single Gas Library Application From the Meas Absorb gt Conc screen enter the measurement absorbance concentration These values MUST BE ENTERED Select each parameter and 1 Change For Multi Gas Library Application From the Matrix Parameters screen select 1 Change For Single Gas Lib
109. e with the analysis setup press the down arrow key in the Analysis Setup Menu Page 1 The Analysis Setup Menu Page 2 shown below is displayed SUMMARY ANALYSIS SETUP _Batch sampling 1 Batch sample _ Zero warning 2 Zero warning _Autozero 3 Autozero Data Views _ VConc VMax VMin VAvg 4 View enable VSTEL VAbsb VIntn VGain A vy More Analysis Setup Page 2 Menu The current application setup summary is displayed on the left and the menu of selections on the right Batch Sample Batch sampling is typically employed in multi gas applications or spectral scanning because the sample should be static when measuring each wavelength That is the concentration in the gas cell should not change when measuring the first wavelength compared to the last wavelength This is critical because the concentration of the first gas can be related to the compensation factor of the last gas If those ratios change because the sample has changed the results can be incorrect In the batch sampling process the analyzer internal pump pulls a sample into the gas cell for the application defined batch purge time typically 20 seconds the pump is shut down and each component is analyzed at its defined wavelength After the data is displayed the cycle is repeated To turn the batch sampling feature on or off press 3 Batch sample from the second Analysis Setup Menu Upon presentation of the next display press 1 to turn the batch sampling f
110. eased noticeably if the filter is suspect or after 400 operating hours BATTERY PACK Warning Intrinsically safe models require special actions with respect to the following section Refer to Appendix C for descriptions of these actions The battery pack supplied with the analyzer consists of six NiCd cells and requires no maintenance other than recharging The battery pack can be operated and charged in any position Both the Model 5025A and 5100A Charger Power Supplies are designed to provide safe levels of charging current under all conditions without adversely affecting cell life A fully discharged battery pack can be recharged in approximately four hours Note Intrinsically safe models use a different battery pack from earlier models The older battery packs cannot power the intrinsically safe model 10 1 Long Term Storage NiCd batteries discharge at the rate of 30 per month at room temperature Be sure to fully charge any battery pack retrieved from storage prior to using it in the analyzer Recharging For a complete description of battery pack operations with either the Model 5025A or Model 5100A Charger Power Supply see Chapter 3 Charger Power Supply CARE OF OPTICS High concentrations of some compounds examples of which are listed in Table 10 1 may cause incorrect readings or degrade the analyzer s cell windows This could lead to an error message and require replacement of the windows
111. eature off or 2 to enable the feature The display responds ACCEPTED When using Reference Compensation in Single Sample Mode Batch Sample may be turned off Zero Warning The Zero Warning feature reminds about rezeroing the analyzer in a set length of time or when the absorbance drifts from the reference by an established amount To access this feature press 2 Zero warning from the Analysis Setup Menu Page 2 Upon presentation of the next display press 1 to set a time warning or 2 to select a reference deviation warning Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup If 1 is pressed the next display requires entering the zero warning time interval This can be set from 0 to 999 minutes or hours The numeric field entry is keyed in the units are selected with the down arrow key The display responds ACCEPTED If 2 is pressed the next display requires entering the reference absorbance drift This can be a number from 0 to 9 9999 The display responds ACCEPTED A typical deviation is 0 015 absorbance units Note If drift level is not zero and the reference wavelength is not measured there is a warning that the reference wavelength must be measured Autozero This feature is not available at the present time View Enable The View Enable parameter enables specifying which types of analysis data may be viewed To access this parameter press 4 View Enable from the Analysis Setup Menu Page 2 Upon presentation of the n
112. ective action is to rezero the analyzer or change the pathlength Measurements exceed the range of the measurement electronics Possible corrective action is to rezero the analyzer or change the pathlength Calculation overflow where range has been exceeded for processing a measurement value Possible corrective action is to repeat the measurement Chapter 5 Analysis Flag Screens In the analysis mode the SapphIRe analyzer displays flag screens if other problems occur Acknowledgment is not required for flag screens A summary of active flags and corrective action recommendations can be viewed by pressing the 0 key from the Analysis Menu Table 4 5 Flag Messages Taag i i i Detector signal is below A D converter range May need to zero analyzer Digital signal processing error ry again and notify service Internal spectrometer related error Measurement using an invalid zero Rezero analyzer R Detector signal is above A D converter range May need to zero analyzer High range of calibration exceeded Change application or recalibrate Zero and measurement gains bad or inconsistentRezero analyzer i oftware variable range exceeded Try again and notify service T 5 8 Chapter 6 CHANGE GAS To change an application press 2 Change application from the Main Menu If one or more applications have previously been selected the display presents the Recent Applications Menu in alphabetical order see Recent Applica
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114. ee key ppm mg m3 ppm mg m3 Wavelength Pathlength reading STYRENE STYRNE H SL 1000 4268 15 64 02 11 076 Short 15 STYRENE STYRNE L SL 200 854 0 6 2 56 11 076 Long 15 STYRENE STYRNE L SL 200 854 0 7 2 99 12 980 Long 15 SULFUR DIOXIDE S02 SL 30 79 1 2 3 15 8 780 Long 10 SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE c SF6 SL 4 24 0 01 0 06 10 708 Long __ 1 10 4 20 SULFURYL FLUORIDE SULFRYLF XL 30 125 0 1 0 418 11 550 Long 10 TETRAHYDROFURAN THF XL 500 1478 0 5 1 48 8 660 Long 10 TOLUENE TOLUEN H SL 1000 3776 18 67 97 13 836 Short 10 TOLUENE TOLUEN H SL 1000 3776 4 15 10 9 404 Long 10 TOLUENE TOLUEN L SL 200 755 1 3 78 13 836 Long 15 1 1 2 TRICHLORETHANE 3SCLETHAN XL 30 164 0 25 1 37 13 580 Long 10 1 1 2 2 TETRACHLOROETHANE 4CLETHAN XL 20 138 0 25 1 72 12 452 Long 10 TRICHLOROETHYLENE TCE SL 1000 5384 4 21 54 10 764 Short 10 TRICHLOROETHYLENE TCE SL 1000 5384 4 21 54 11 876 Short 15 VINYL ACETATE VINLACET XL 10 35 0 04 0 14 8 348 Long 15 VINYL CHLORIDE VINLCLOR SL 20 51 0 6 1 545 10 724 Long 10 VINYL CHLORIDE VINLCLOR SL 20 51 1 6 4 10 9 788 Long 10 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE VINLIDCL XL 20 79 0 2 0 79 12 692 Long 10 XYLENE XYLENE H SL 2000 8702 30 130 53 13 132 Short 10 XYLENE XYLENE H SL 2000 8702 7 30 46 12 600 Long 15 XYLENE XYLENE L SL 200 870 1 3 5 66 13 132 Long 15 Note The SapphIRe SL contains those compounds with and SL in the library column The SapphIRe XL contains all compounds in this list Accuracy is defined as the
115. efined 25 Current Date DD MM YYYY Description When Valid Character size Format Current date Always 10 DD MM YYYY Undefined 26 to 29 Reserved Description When Valid Character size Format Reserved for future use Never Not applicable Not applicable 30 Current Time Seconds Description When Valid Character size Format Current time Always 8 HH MM SS Undefined 14 8 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 31 Current Time Minutes Description When Valid Character size Format 32 to 99 Reserved Description When Valid Character size Format Current time Always 5 HH MM Undefined Reserved for future use Never Not applicable Not applicable Field Designator Set General Purpose Index 00 to 99 Index Set Description When Valid Character size Format Set the index used by various other field designators such as gas index and wavelength index Always 0 does not generate output characters Not applicable Field Designator _ Tab 00 to 99 Tab Description When Valid Character size Format Output spaces until reaching or exceeding the column number specified Always 0 to 99 Not applicable Field Designator User Entries 00 to 99 User Entered Characters Description When Valid Character size Format Alphanumeric characters entered by the user Always 12 ma
116. eive Data To receive data press 3 Send receive from the Data Transfer Menu if in Auto mode or 4 Receive if in Manual mode While sending or receiving an indicator shows the percentage complete When complete the message Transfer Complete is displayed If unable to transfer the information the analyzer displays the message Transfer Failed 9 4 Chapter 9 Report Data MEMORY CLEAR To clear memory press 4 Memory clear from the Report Data Menu The Memory Menu is displayed see Memory Menu below The current status continues to be shown on the left and the menu of selections on the right Press 1 to clear logged data and sites Press 2 to clear all data This also removes all locations and replaces the report format with the default report format The warning message Clearing will erase stored data is displayed Press ESC to cancel request or ENTER to continue The instrument responds Please wait while clearing memory When finished the display responds CLEARED SUMMARY MEMORY MENU Site lt all gt 1 Clear logged Sites amp data Locations 2 Clear all logged data locations report defin Memory 94 free Memory Menu Caution Press 2 only if the report definition or location list are being changed HYPERTERMINAL To transfer data between the analyzer and a PC the MIRAN SapphIRe is shipped with the ThermoConnect program Although any terminal program that works under the
117. er of locations that are logged and the total number of active locations When in the analysis mode this allows logging a single location and then prompts to save or repeat the log If the log is saved it steps to the next location and the process is repeated If the analysis is stopped prior to logging all locations and restart the analysis the locations list begins at the start of the list but a check mark is placed next to those locations that were already logged Chapter 8 Site Info 4 Since standard locations and supplemental locations are loaded from a PC and are permanent the only way to remove these is to clear the entire memory To clear all memory press 5 Report Data then select 4 memory clear from the Report Data menu At the Memory Menu press 2 clear all logged data locations report defin Please note that performing this function does not remove the report format from the analyzer it loads the default report format from flash memory If a custom report format was used it must be reloaded 5 Itis possible to create several location files and send them into the analyzer as needed the one being sent into memory overwrites the exiting one This may be helpful if the monitor patterns include homes examples provided earlier hospitals locations may be OR1 OR2 Recovery1 Sterilizer1 or painting operations spray booth1 vent hood1 drying area storage room SITES and LOCATIONS SUMMARY A site is a memory
118. erence Compensation Mode Display is presented 7 33 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup ERENCE COMPENSATION Mode Enabled Reference Reference 4 004um Compensation Meas Drift 1 Change 4 Prev v Next Reference Compensation Summary Display Reference Compensation Mode Reference Compensation Mode sets this mode as Off or Enable The last mode condition configured is shown on the display If this is the mode condition for the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the mode condition The Mode Select Display appears Select the condition for the application Off or Enable The display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Reference Wavelength Reference Wavelength specifies the reference wavelength The last reference wavelength configured is shown on the display If this is the desired wavelength press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the wavelength The Wavelength Enter Display appears Key in the desired wavelength in um and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Reference Measured Drift Reference Measured Drift specifies the percent change of intensity at the reference wavelength between the zero and the measurement cycles prior to displaying a refe
119. error jaction parameter in the may appear preference menu from the Analysis Setup Menu 1 If a message is not understood make a note of the second line of the error screen and call for assistance Application processing error The data received from the spectrometer controller board is not valid This could be __ If this happens frequently return caused by a communications error with the __ the instrument for service spectrometer controller board If this error is displayed wait a few seconds and retry the operation Also check the battery level and attempt to plug into AC power if the level is low If the error persists press 0 zero to identify error and call for assistance This error message indicates that a component in the spectrometer is not ready This could be caused by the chopper motor not operating at the correct speed or the IR source or detector not functioning correctly Spectrometer is not ready Chapter 4 Operation Table 4 4 Warning Messages Warning Message Corrective Action Absorbance is too negative Try rezeroing the analyzer and make sure zero gas is not contaminated Analyzer factory configuration is invalid Analyzer memory is invalid Battery pack capacity getting low Battery pack charge is low Battery pack data is invalid Battery pack needs full charge then discharge to update capacity data This message is generated if the measured absorbance falls be
120. es and the longer the pathlength the greater the absorption of IR energy Intensity of absorption is typically measured in Transmittance or in Absorbance Units AU Transmittance Almost all chart recorders represent spectra as a plot of Transmittance on the y axis vs Frequency and Wavelength on the x axis The resulting plot Figure 13 14 is a measure of how much IR energy has passed through the sample and reached the detector Pa ABSORPTION BAND I A logot 7 INTENSITY gt Figure 13 14 Definition of Transmittance and Absorbance Transmittance is a measure of the difference between incident radiation Ip the intensity of IR energy entering a sample cell and the transmitted radiation I the intensity of IR energy leaving the sample cell and reaching the detector or T I Ip We can therefore express Transmittance as T I Io x 100 Absorbance Units AU Another convenient way of representing the intensity of absorbance of infrared energy is in Absorbance Units AU Like transmittance absorbance can also be expressed as a ratio in terms of the intensity of incident vs transmitted IR energy A logio Io I Since T varies exponentially with intensity of transmitted light a plot of absorbance vs concentration is linear Figure 13 15 13 15 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial Lu S S gt O O D Ov A abC mM lt CONCENTRATION Figure 13 15 Concentration vs Absorbance
121. es to the same directory as the ThermoConnect files Thermo Fisher Scientific also suggests copying the full setup from the analyzer to the PC prior to the first use see the following procedure This provides a backup of the general setup application file report format locations and supplemental locations in one file in case the data needs to be restored at a later time 2 Specific software version related files are included with each software release Read the readme txt and changes txt files prior to proceeding PROCEDURE Downloading Setup Information When the new firmware is loaded to the SapphIRe analyzer all setup and application information will be erased This information can be manually re entered However this process can be time consuming especially if there are lengthy location lists stored Therefore prior to uploading the new firmware download the present setup configuration for later uploading To download this data From the analyzer s Main Menu press 5 to access the Report Data Menu shown below STATUS REPORT DATA Site lt all gt 1 Select site Locations Print 3 Data transfer Memory 94 free 4 Memory clear Report Data Menu From the Report Data Menu press 3 to access the Data Transfer Menu There are two different Data Transfer Menus depending on whether the mode is automatic for use with ThermoConnect or manual for use with a third party communication software Chapter 11 Firmw
122. es to the next parameter to be configured 7 27 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Gas High Range Limit The Gas High Range Limit HRL is the high range limit of the gas for the application The last limit configured is shown on the display If this is the limit for the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the limit The High Range Limit Enter Display appears Key in the desired limit and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Note The instrument continues to display readings above this high range value but these readings will not be accurate and a high range limit error flag will be displayed Changing this value might require changes to the application s linear and quadratic terms This value also represents the 1 0V level for the analog output Gas Decimal Point Maximum Gas Decimal Point Maximum selects the number of digits to the right of the decimal point that are to be displayed For example if the expected readings are in the vicinity of 500 ppm select whole numbers zero digits If the expected readings are in the 1 to 10 ppm range select display readings to a tenth of a ppm one digit The following are suggested select 2 places for values of 0 to 1 1 place for values of 1 to 10 and 0 places for values gt 10 Remember that there is the option of c
123. eter any of which may be assigned to Range 1 2 or 3 for each wave for the application The last wavelength absorbance for each range configured for a wave is shown on the display To accept this data press ENTER When the last wave is reached the display goes to the Temperature Compensation Display To change absorbance values press 1 The Wavelength Range Select Display appears see Wavelength Range Select Display below HUMIDITY ABSORB gt H20 Select wave H20 range 12 345um gt 0 5000AU gt 0 7500AU Wavelength Range Select Display Select the desired range 1 2 or 3 The Parameter Select Display appears see Parameter Select Display below HUMIDITY ABSORB gt H20 Select wave H20 parms Range 1 4 8 Q 0 000000E P 7 890234E R 0 000000E 4 Absorb range Parameter Select Display Select the desired parameter P Q R or Absorb range The Parameter Enter Display appears Key in the desired parameter coefficient in the form 1 123456E 07 and press ENTER Note Use the down arrow key for a minus sign If the entry is valid the display indicates that the entry is ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Water absorbance at the analytical wavelengths is a percentage of the absorbance at the water wavelengths A general relationship for all analytical wavelengths is defined in Appendix D The appropriate values are used for each analytical wavelength 7 31
124. ext display press 0 to specify time 1 for Concentration 2 for Maximum 3 for Minimum 4 for Average 5 for Absorbance 6 for Intensity 7 for Intensity gain 8 for STEL and 9 for STEL maximum When finished press ENTER to set these selections The display responds ACCEPTED In the summary data views are marked active V as follows Conc Concentration view enabled Concentration maximum view enabled Concentration minimum view enabled Concentration average view enabled T Concentration STEL view enabled Absb Absorbance view enabled ntn Intensity view enabled Gain Intensity gain view enabled TEL Max Concentration STEL maximum view enabled ime Maximum Minimum and or STEL Maximum time views enabled STEL Max and Time data views are not shown in the above screen However they are displayed when View Enable is accessed Note Absorbance Intensity and Intensity Gain views are primarily used by factory personnel Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup ANALYSIS SETUP PAGE 3 To continue with the analysis setup press the down arrow key from the second Analysis Setup Menu The third Analysis Setup Menu shown below is displayed SUMMARY ANALYSIS S Passcode Off Passcode Capacity 50 200 Log capacity Locations Off Location list Reprt Out As logged Report output More Analysis Setup Page 3 Menu The current application setup summary is displayed on the left and the menu of
125. f gas molecules with one another in the sample cell Collisions between molecules as well as polymerization are two phenomena thought to account for deviations from linearity The SapphIRe Analyzer is programmed to make appropriate adjustments to Beer s Law at high concentrations of gases in order to compensate for the nonlinear relationship It does this by including a quadratic term in the formula it uses for deriving concentration levels from absorbance values For certain gases it has also been preprogrammed for two ranges of concentration a high and a low range Knowing this about the nonlinearity of Beer s Law at high concentrations it is important to limit analytical work to the 0 1 AU range in order to achieve the highest degree of accuracy using the SapphIRe Analyzer The ability to alter the pathlength the effective distance IR radiation travels through the sample cell provides a convenient method for keeping absorbance values within these recommended limits INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY SUMMARY While there is much more to interpreting IR absorption spectra than presented in this chapter of this instruction the essential features of IR absorption spectroscopy are as follows 1 Chemical substances absorb IR radiation selectively at specific frequencies characteristic of the natural vibration of the bonds and the molecular groups comprising the substance IR radiation at other frequencies is not absorbed Each compound s pattern of abso
126. ft and the menu of selections on the right SUMMARY SETUP MENU 1 Calibration Unit Default 2 Preferences Clock OlJan01 3 Gas unit 13 30 45 4 Set clock 5 Analysis Setup Menu The contents of each of the five setup menu choices are shown in Table 7 1 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Set Up Menu Analysis Calibration Preferences Gas Unit Clock salu L Zero Key Click ppb i Date PAGE 1 Temperature a ppm Time Logging Sensor Log Mode Screen Delay percent L Ji ternal L Performance Short LL Smam og nierva ificati g m Log Start Verification Medium g e Log Store Long Other Parameters Power Graphic M Alarms On High Alarm Off Low Alarm Battery Status STEL Alarm Always Alarm Trigger When Low Relay Output Text Type Relay 1 Regular Relay 2 All Capitals Compensations Temperature Language guag Pressure English Francais Reference Espanol Humidity Deutsche L Preferences i e Zero Save Decimal Point Arrow Keys Period Log Warning Comma Meas Fault Temperature Unit Alarm Action Degrees C Purge Flag Degrees F Pressure Unit PAGE 2 mmHg Batch Sample inKig Off os Enabled ar h psi Zero Warning A atmospheres Concentration Unit ppb ppm mg m Volume Unit ml cc Table 7 1 Setup Menu Content Time Warning Ref Deviation Autozero View Enable Conc Times Concentration Maximum Minimum
127. g them A spectrophotometer is an instrument for recording variations in intensity of electromagnetic radiation at various frequencies A simple diagram of the functional parts of an infrared spectrophotometer such as the SapphIRe Analyzer is shown in Figure 13 7 Fixed Sample Slit Cell Optical Filter Detector Source Pe Output Device W ae o gt Display or Analog Figure 13 7 Diagram of a Spectrophotometer 13 7 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial In this figure note the following e Source of IR radiation Heated wire in the SapphIRe Analyzer e Sample Cell 0 5 or 12 5 m pathlength cell in the SapphIRe Analyzer e Optical Filter permits selection of a single specific wavelength of IR radiation to reach the detector e Detector The pyroelectric heat sensitive element used to measure IR energy emerging from the sample cell In a typical infrared spectrophotometer a source simultaneously emits all the infrared wavelengths These wavelengths cover nearly all the natural vibrational frequencies of organic compounds One of the natural vibrational frequencies of the Tetrahydrofuran THF molecule for example occurs at about 1064 cm 9 40 microns If all the infrared frequencies are beamed through a sample of THF in the sample cell some of the radiation at the wavenumber 1064 are absorbed by the THF molecules whereas most of the other frequencies are transmitted This absorption can
128. g them for future reference a library of analytical wavelengths for a large number of gases can be maintained The specific analytical wavelength chosen for each organic compound depends upon two factors specificity and intensity Specificity The wavelength chosen for a particular compound must be characteristic of that compound it should serve to easily identify and distinguish the compound from other similar compounds For example Figure 13 12 shows spectra of two distinctly different hydrocarbons isopropanol 2 propanol and methyl ethyl ketone Absorption peaks in the isopropanol spectrum are present at 8 2 8 9 and 10 6 microns Also note that methyl ethyl ketone has peaks close to 8 9 and 10 6 microns but not close to 8 2 microns Therefore the 8 2 micron peak serves best at distinguishing isopropanol from methyl ethyl ketone 13 12 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial 0 300 0 250 0 200 Isopropanol Absorbance O a O 0 100 0 050 0 000 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Wavelength In Microns 0 450 0 400 0 350 0 300 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Wavelength In Microns Figure 13 12 Selecting a Distinguishing Peak of a Compound Intensity A second important criterion in selecting a wavelength for analysis is that the absorption level must be sufficiently intense to be measurable in the concentratio
129. ge and select Enter Continue OF Pe DN 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Appendix C Scan Calibration Procedure The main menu reappears From it select 4 Config Setup Select 5 Analysis Press the UP 4 arrow key Select 3 Application view and edit The Application type screen should indicate Single gas or Multi gas depending upon which was selected in step 3 Press Next The Application primary name should indicate Select 1 Change Follow the on screen instructions to enter a primary name e g CO2 The Application secondary name can be left blank Select Next The Application gas count should be 1 if the application is for a single gas If it is a multi gas application chnge the number to the amount of gases being monitored Select Next The Application group TWA mode default is Off Select Next In the Gas summary select 1 Change Select 1 Change in the Application gas name screen Follow the on screen instructions to enter a name to be displayed during the application analysis e g CO2 After entering a name select Enter Accept The Application gas unit default is ppm Press Next The Application gas HRL is a set value that tells the instrument what concentration range the application is calibrated for Select 1 Change to set the upper calibrated range this value MUST be entered When the
130. guring the c eee 7 19 Pathlength Changing ceccecceeeseeeeeeeees 4 16 Performance Verification cccccccceeeeeeseeees 12 1 E 1 Power Supply Chareer 4 s cane 3 5 Pr fereneEsena inina eaten 7 3 Pressure Compensation cccccesceesseeeteeees 7 32 Print Menu a eons tense aceite vasa antennae 9 2 Pump Turning On or Offi cece 4 2 Purging Gas COM ai csecsacbdatd saytieadinatsadsaselacd 5 1 Q Qualitative Anialysis s ccasatunscsat ned 13 7 Quantitative Analysis ceecceesceeeeereeeeees 13 15 R Reference Compensation cccesseeeeeees 7 33 Report Formatting Custom cceeeeee 14 1 Report Output Configuring eee 7 20 Report Data Transfer eceeecesceeeteeeteeeees 9 1 S Scan Procedures iss sc atscistguscseteagieeiteehinw leans C 1 Search PSA os capac vasmota canine icatendncecacataucantoty 4 11 SEUD err a les a tach Sees reac A 7 1 Shoulder Strap Adjusting 3 4 Index Index Site TO sects aneii iiaia 8 1 Site Selection for Report Data Transfer 9 1 SpectCaANONS nornen NR a ree tO 2 1 Startup Procedures cies disease kta denies 4 4 STEL Time Setting for an Application 7 24 T Temperature Compensation 7 32 Tutorial Infrared Spectroscopy 13 1 U Unit Selection for an Application 0 7 23 User Settings for an Application 7 22 V View Enable Configuring cceeee 7 18 W Wand and Filters A
131. hanging units to ppb or percent levels Gas High Alarm Level Gas High Alarm Level enables setting the high alarm level for the application The last level configured is shown on the display If this is the level for the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the level The High Alarm Level Enter Display appears Key in the desired level and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Gas Low Alarm Level This parameter is similar to Gas High Alarm Level Gas STEL Alarm Level This parameter is similar to Gas High Alarm Level 7 28 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Gas STEL Time Interval The Gas STEL Time Interval is the interval for the STEL alarm for the application The last interval configured is shown on the display If this is the interval for the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the interval The STEL Time Interval Selection Display appears Select the interval for the application Off 5 10 or 15 minutes The display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Gas Molecular Weight Gas Molecular Weight sets the molecular weight of the gas for the application The last weight configured is shown on the display If this is the weight for the present applicati
132. harged external or internal battery pack is connected to the Charger Power Supply the above sequence occurs except that the charging lamp only remains on for a few minutes while the unit measures the battery charge The battery pack is not damaged by this operation 3 6 Chapter 3 Instrument Preparation CAUTION Double pelesectral faring ATTENTION Doutis pole Sarit pur le neutre AC INPUT 55 260 VAC 50 60 Hr BOVa C DC INPUT 11 15 VDO 5 A Figure 3 7 Rear of Charger Power Supply Model 5100A Shown Battery Indicator Calibration The purpose of the battery indicator calibration is to recalibrate the battery s internal computer chip Since the battery s full run time is constantly diminishing by small amounts the baseline must be constantly adjusted This calibration procedure compensates for this change and recalibrates the system to ensure that the battery indicator presents as accurate a run time as possible A calibration should be performed e If there is a prompt to calibrate This occurs after the analyzer has undergone 64 charge cycles without discharging and fully charging the battery e Ifthe analyzer has gone unused for a period of 30 or more days Note Not performing this calibration does not invalidate any of the concentration data The calibration procedure is 1 Remove the battery from the analyzer and connect it to the Charger Power Supply using the battery pack interface cable See Figure 4
133. he analysis is to take place This assures that the analyzer is zeroed with air scrubbed by the zero gas filter at the same temperature and humidity as the sample to be analyzed 2 However for chemicals such as Butane Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Ethane Methane Nitrous Oxide Propane and Water Vapor that can not be scrubbed by the zero gas filter it is important zero the unit in an area free of the chemical For example if methane is being measured zero the analyzer in a Methane free area Note typical atmospheric conditions are 2 3 ppm If the analyzer is zeroed in an area containing 7 ppm of Methane the zero value is set at 7 ppm All subsequent readings are then referenced to the 7 ppm baseline value Thus if Methane rises to 15 ppm the analyzer displays a reading of 8 ppm if it drops to 3 ppm the display reads 4 ppm 3 Thermo Fisher Scientific recommends that the zero gas filter be replaced after 30 zero cycles 4 The purging of the gas cell during the zero process requires five volumes of air about 11 liters The timing supplied in the analyzer s zero routine is ample to allow for this to happen However if there is a restriction in flow that reduces the sample flow rate below approximately 11 liters minute or if the sample hose is lengthened it is possible that the cell may not be satisfactorily purged under these conditions If so repeat the zero process until sufficient sample has been drawn through the zero fi
134. he chopper is not locked at the proper frequency and the filter is not properly positioned In cases like this contact the factory for assistance ENT APPLICATION WARM UP STATUS Source ok Chopper Wait Filter Wait Detector ok Enter Continue Warm Up Status Screen If the analyzer mode is not zero or scan and pressure compensation is configured ON the display shows the previously entered pressure and allows accepting or changing it see Chapter 7 Pressure Compensation for configuration If a new pressure is entered the display responds ACCEPTED or presents an INVALID VALUE message Note SapphIRe does not measure pressure This must be determined from an external source and entered by the user at the beginning of each analysis Next the analyzer checks its pathlength The analyzer is set to one of two pathlengths short 0 5 m or long 12 5 m If the pathlength is not correct for the application the display prompts to change the pathlength See Changing the Pathlength in this chapter The instrument then displays the Install Chemical Filter screen shown below When the chemical zero gas filter is connected to the IN port press ENTER ENT APPLICATION Install chemical filter Enter Continue Install Chemical Filter Screen 4 7 Chapter 4 Operation While the cell fills with zero air the Zero Purge screen indicates the time rema
135. he last name configured is shown on the display If this is the name wanted for the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the name The Secondary Name Enter Display appears Key in the desired name and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Gas Count The Gas Count is the number of gases 1 through 10 for the application The last number configured is shown on the display If this is the desired number for the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured To change the number press 1 The Gas Count Enter Display appears Key in the desired number 1 through 10 and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured 7 26 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Group TWA Group TWA enables setting the multi gas group TWA mode off or on The last mode condition configured is shown on the display If this is the type of the present application press ENTER The display changes to the Gas Summary To change the mode condition press 1 The Group TWA Selection Display appears Select the mode for the application The display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the Gas Summary Gas Summary The Gas Summary allows reviewing the values of the gas parameters for each
136. here are many possible modes of vibration 3 Each vibrational mode may correspond to a distinct absorption peak in the infrared spectrum of that molecule 13 5 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial Resonance Every object has a natural frequency at which it vibrates As a sound wave travels through the air it carries energy with it This energy is what causes eardrums to vibrate when struck by the wave In the same manner a larger less sensitive object also bends slightly with each compression or rarefaction which hits it Normally this deformation is so slight that it is not noticeable but if the frequency of the sound wave just matches the natural frequency of the object struck the object absorbs part of the sound wave s energy and resonates Many people have heard the story of an opera singer s voice shattering a crystal glass Like molecular bonds the crystal has tones or harmonics at which it naturally vibrates At other frequencies it does not vibrate When an opera singer s voice rises it eventually hits one of the harmonics of the crystal glass When it does so it begins to vibrate resonate with the note It is only at that fundamental tone that it can fully absorb the sound energy At lower notes the sound energy just passed through the glass without much effect Similarly each molecular bond has a characteristic harmonic infrared frequency at which it vibrates It is only at that particular frequency that the molecular bo
137. icroliters uL C concentration volume in parts per million ppm Vr total volume of cell and calibration system in liters 2 24L d Liquid density g cm M Molecular weight of sample ee Molar volume of gas Ea 25 C R 24 4 Note In the above example 200 the lowest concentration x 2 24 the cell volume an injection volume of 448 uL Since most syringes are not precise enough to measure an injection volume of 448 uL select an injection volume that can be accurately measured by the syringe In the above example it will be 450 uL Transpose the formula to C V Vr and solve for the concentration C In this example C 450 2 24 200 1 Record both the concentrations and injection volumes 2 From the Main Menu select 1 Analyze Start Select 1 New Zero At the prompt Install chemical filter attach the Closed Loop Calibration System and turn the pump on Select Enter Continue Allow instrument to purge with Zero Air or clean air The instrument will purge for 1 minute then proceed to set the Zero At the prompt for Install Particulate filter keep the Closed Loop Calibration System attached Press Enter Continue and allow the instrument to purge the Zero Air sample When the purge is complete select or v until the Absorbance screen appears Verify that the absorbance equals zero 0010 gt Depending upon the compound either a gas or liquid may be injected Many compoun
138. igure 7 2 User Settings Flow Chart Note These are the only parameters that may be changed in standard library applications To access this function press 2 User settings from the Application Setup Menu If it is a multi gas application the Select Gas Menu is displayed see Select Gas menu below If it is a single gas application the Set Parameters Menu is displayed see Set Parameters menu below If it is a multi gas application when one of the gases listed in the Select Gas Menu is selected the display proceeds to the Set Parameters Menu Select Gas Menu METHANE SUMMARY M HRL 100 0ppm 1 Unit High 100 0ppm Low 50 00ppm 2 High alarm STEL 5 00ppm 15min 3 Low alarm TwaWt off 4 STEL alarm MolWt 16 0 Gasl 5 STEL time Set Parameters Menu 7 22 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Unit To select a unit for the application press 1 from the Set Parameters Menu The Gas Unit Selection Menu is displayed The last unit configured is shown on the display If this is the unit of the present application press ESC The display returns to the Application Setup Menu To change the unit press 1 The Gas Unit Selection Menu is displayed Select the unit for the application The display responds ACCEPTED and then returns to the Analysis Setup Menu Page 4 METHANE SUMMARY Select HRL 100 0ppm gas unit High 100
139. ime interval sampled for one logged data point Always but may change if value changed during site initially value when reset for new site 11 N DDI DD Duration N 0 9 D DDDD Duration NN 10 99 D DDDDD Duration NNN 100 999 Duration unit minutes hours 07 Reference Compensation Enable Description When Valid Character size Format Indicates whether reference compensation is enabled for applications supporting the compensations Always but may change if value changed during site initially value when reset for new site 1 x Enabled _ Disabled 08 Humidity Compensation Enable Description When Valid Character size Format Indicates whether humidity compensation is enabled for applications supporting the compensations Always but may change if value changed during site initially value when reset for new site 1 x Enabled _ Disabled 09 Temperature Compensation Enable Description When Valid Character size Format Indicates whether temperature compensation is enabled for applications supporting the compensations Always but may change if value changed during site initially value when reset for new site 1 x Enabled _ Disabled 14 11 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 10 Pressure Compensation Enable Description When Valid Character size 1 Format Indicates whether pressure compens
140. in sample absorbance due to variable water vapor levels after zeroing The humidity compensation routine should be applied when the analyzer is being used as a continuous monitor since humidity levels can vary over the duration of the sampling period As with reference compensation utilizing the humidity compensation algorithm increases the cycle time since water vapor is an additional wavelength point to be collected The humidity compensation must be enabled for the correction to take place When humidity is activated the batch mode should be enabled This insures that the compensation of the analytical wavelengths is properly performed as the sample remains consistent This compensation should not be invoked if it is known in advance that the sample air is very very dry lt 10 RH at reference conditions Analysis Preferences The Analysis Preference menu configures various operational features of the analyzer To access the Preference Menu press 4 Preferences from the Analysis Setup Menu 1 The current preferences are displayed on the left and the menu of selection on the right SUMMARY PREFERENCE ME Zero save Manual l Zero save Arrow keys Location 2 Arrow keys Log warning Off 3 Log warning Fault action Beep 4 Fault action Alarm action ErrScrn 5 Alarm action Purge flag Enabled 6 Purge flag Analysis Preference Menu 7 15 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Selects the zero save mode 1 A
141. ing the reference and or humidity compensation will increase the cycle time Batch sampling mode should be used for these compensations SUMMARY Select analysis Logging Single sample compensations 10 seconds Alarms VHigh _STEL 1 VTemperatur LALow 2 Pressure Compensations _ 3 VReference VTemp _ Pres VRef 4 Humidity Enter Accept Analysis Compensations Menu Temperature Compensation All measurements are susceptible to changes in ambient temperature In order to minimize these changes a temperature sensor has been installed in the analyzer to measure the temperature The temperature is then compared to the temperature at the zero point and a correction in the concentration value is made Pressure Compensation At higher elevations the ambient pressure is lower that at sea level These changes can effect the concentration value Thus at higher altitudes the analyzer displays lower readings than at sea level To correct for this difference measure the ambient pressure with an external device and enter this pressure value into the analyzer Do this during the zero procedure or as part of Application setup The SapphIRe analyzer then corrects for this difference by applying a correction factor Reference Compensation All electronic systems experience drift due to a variety of factors including degradation of parts ambient conditions and inherent electronic noise To minimize these factors the Sap
142. ining Press ENTER to shortcut the purge CAUTION The zero process requires five volumes of air about 11 liters to completely flush the cell Shortcutting this step will result in an incomplete purge and incorrect readings during analysis due to an invalid baseline value ENT APPLICATION Wait for cell to fill with zero air 15 seconds Enter SkipPurge Zero Purge Display The instrument automatically begins the zeroing process Wait while the zero measurement is taken The screen displays the percent done Use the up and down arrow keys to toggle the measurement views ENT APPLICATION Wait while zeroing Esc Cancel Zeroing Process Display Chapter 4 Operation If the instrument is not set up for zero autosave mode the display asks to save the new zero Press 1 to repeat the zeroing procedure or ENTER to save the zero The display responds ZERO SAVED ENT APPLICATION Save this Zero Status Valid 1 Repeat zero Enter Save Zeroing Save Display The instrument then displays the Install Particulate Filter screen shown below When the filter is connected to the IN port press ENTER ENT APPLICATION Install particulate filter Enter Continue Install Particulate Filter Display Wait for the sample to fill the cell The filling progress is shown on the display Press ENTER to shortcut th
143. ion Cable Unit Specific Application Setup Disk Thermo Connect CD For identification of cables see Figure 3 1 Item fe 2 B a e 7 8 Note Ifthe instrument is returned for any reason use the original packing Package all components in the same manner as they were when shipped from the factory 3 1 Chapter 3 Instrument Preparation Power Cord 115V N0249XS Charger Chassis Interface Cable TR101TN Charger Battery Pack Interface Cable TR101TK Printer Cable TR101QX Serial Communication Cable P0170QW Figure 3 1 Cable Identification 3 2 IDENTIFICATION Chapter 3 Instrument Preparation MIRAN SAPPHIRE AMBIENT AIR ANALYZER MODEL Eee eg ee PCS SERIAL NUMBER Pe ee il CUSTOMER DATA ee eee ce ee PATENT PENDING Figure 3 2 Data Plate A data plate Figure 3 2 or a metal identification plate Figure 3 3 are located on the back of the instrument The information contained on these plates may be required should the factory be contacted for technical information or repairs The metal identification plate is required for intrinsically safe models and contains additional Style Figure 3 3 Metal Identification Plate 3 3 Chapter 3 Instrument Preparation WAND Optional AND FILTERS Caution To prevent damage to the optics never leave the inlet port uncovered Always use a zero or particulate filter when pump is on and cap both the inlet and outlet ports when not i
144. ions from the pressure or temperature at which the original calibrations were performed the displayed readings should fall within the following ranges of values Calibration xpected Allowed Calibration Allowed Sample Overall Gas Result Tolerance Tolerance Tolerance Nitrous Oxide 25 0 ppm _ 2 5 ppm 0 5 ppm 3 0 ppm Sulfur Hexafluoride 1 0 ppm 0 2 ppm 0 02 ppm 0 22 ppm Call the factory if the actual readings recorded during this test are outside these limits There are several reasons why this may occur 1 Readings a few percent outside the overall tolerance should not be cause for alarm as these can often be accounted for by pressure or temperature deviation from the original calibration point Of course if atmospheric pressure is quite different usually lower then this should be factored into the review 2 Readings substantially lower may indicate an alteration in the internal optical alignment of the gas cell Again consult the factory for assistance 3 Discordant readings are generally not caused by deterioration in the absolute signal levels within the instrument such as may be caused by dirty optical components Normally this only affects the reading noise and not the actual instrument span Once the analysis is completed secure the sampling accessory in a safe place and properly dispose of the gas cylinder Do not dispose of the cylinder in a fire or incinerator Tanks are not to be refilled There may be some
145. is approximately the speed of light in a vacuum c or 3 x 10 m s Whereas the velocity is expressed in distance travelled per unit of time frequency measures how many waves pass a given point in a period of time It is represented by the Greek letter Nu v and expressed in cycles per second or Hertz Hz Thus the frequency equals the velocity divided by the wavelength or v c A Wavenumber A second unit of frequency used particularly in the optical regions of the spectrum ultraviolet visible infrared is the wavenumber in cm 1 or cycles per centimeter Wavenumber is represented by the barred Greek letter Sigma o This unit is the reciprocal of wavelength but unlike wavelength it has the advantage of being linear with values measuring the energy of waves The following relationship simplifies conversions o cm 104 A um That is divide the wavelength um into 10 000 to get the corresponding wave number or divide the wavenumber into 10 000 to get the wavelength ATOMS AND MOLECULES IN MOTION The analysis of chemical compounds involves identifying both the type of molecules that comprise these substances qualitative analysis and the quantity of molecules present in a given sample quantitative analysis The SapphIRe Analyzer does both It identifies quantities of known gases in the atmosphere and determines how much of those substances their concentration is in the sample It does this by sending a beam of infrared energ
146. is downloaded or printed Examples of supplemental locations are shown below SUPPLEMENTAL LOCATIONS VERSION 1 LOCATION BOILER RM LOCATION COOLER LOCATION COUNTER END 3 Added Locations Add temporary locations to the current location list as needed at any time These locations are entered through the keypad exist only for the open site can be logged but can not be saved Typical uses of this type of location are if an unusual tag is needed 1 e doghouse that would be of very little use in the future These locations could be used if a unique identifier is needed for a specific data point Once the site is closed these locations need to be added once again in the newly created site however the data logged to the supplement locations in the closed site will be visible when the data is downloaded or printed 8 3 Chapter 8 Site Info How to Use Locations l Create standard and supplemental if desired locations by downloading the location template from the analyzer to a PC Modify the location list and load into the analyzer Scroll to next page by pressing 4 Activate selection 2 location on the analysis setup preference menu Activate selection 3 location list on the analysis setup menu 3 Change the order of the location and establish how locations are inserted into the list in this menu When in the analysis mode the first location in the active location list will appear in the bottom solid bar o
147. is procedure If the purge is skipped wait about 10 seconds for the cell to reach equilibrium Press 1 to start logging as soon as the sample fill is complete ENT APPLICATION Wait for cell to fill with sample 15 seconds 1 Start Logging Enter SkipPurge Purge Process Display 4 9 Chapter 4 Operation When the purge is complete the display changes to the Analysis menu The bands above and below the left portion of the display indicate that the analyzer is actively making measurements Note The location on the bottom line of the Analysis Menu and choices 3 4 and 5 do not appear unless the location mode is enabled ENTI CONCENTRATION ANALYSIS MI 1l Log 2 Zero O 00 3 Location menu E n ppm 4 Prev Analysis Menu Note The black bands above and below the left portion of the screen indicate that the analyzer is actively making measurements 4 10 Chapter 4 Operation USING THE SEARCH FEATURE If searching for a chemical in the standard library or for a location in the location list scroll through the list or alternatively use the search feature if the list has more than one screen of selections To use the search feature access it via the Primary Applications Menu See Primary Applications Menu or the Location List Menu See Location List Menu Then enter the first letters of the name that is being searched for Press ENTER to accept EN
148. it takes more time Fast scan provides quicker results at the expense of a slightly noisier signal These features are optional and can assist in identifying unknown compounds using the ThermoMatch Spectrum Correlation Software or to establish a spectral profile for future reference The L and the S denote the pathlength to be used in the application CURRENT APPLICATION SCANNING LIB i 1 Peak L 2 Peak S 3 Fast L METHANE 4 Fast S 5 Full L 6 Full s Spectrum Scan Screen If there was no previous application or if the previous application was not colnfigured for scan the Choose Log Defaults screen appears Press 1 to optimize the logging parameters Log Mode Single Sample Log Interval 1 cycle and Log Start Auto or press 2 to keep the present logging parameters Chapter 6 Change Application logging with auto start and one cycle METHANE ppm interval CURRENT o R configure 1 Yes reconfig 2 Keep current Choose Log Defaults Screen The report format provides wavelength position and associated absorbance values For ease of analysis these may be graphed using commercial software Chapter 7 CONFIGURATION and SETUP Setup mode customizes the analyzer as shown in Table 7 1 To access the Setup mode press 4 Config Setup from the Main Menu The display presents the Setup Menu shown below A summary of the current site measurement units and clock reading is shown on the le
149. justment until strap is desired length Slide shoulder pad along strap to desired position Chapter 3 Instrument Preparation CHARGER POWER SUPPLY Warning Intrinsically safe models require special actions with respect to the following section Refer to Appendix B for descriptions of these actions Note The analyzer is shipped with a battery installed The battery should remain installed even when the instrument is running on ac power Model 5025A The Model 5025 Charger Power Supply provides operating power to the analyzer and can simultaneously charge the analyzer s internal battery pack using the Chassis Interface Cable see Figure 3 1 When not connected to the analyzer the Charger Power Supply can be used to charge an external battery pack using the Battery Pack Interface Cable see Figure 3 1 The Model 5025 can operate from 95 to 260 V ac 50 60 Hz The power connector is located on the rear of the unit see Figure 3 7 SITA RAN GAPPYERt MAAGIA POWTER SUPPLY Chassis interface or battery pack interface connection MIRAN SAPPHIRE Figure 3 5 Model 5025A Charger Power Supply Model 5100A The optional Model 5100A Charger Power Supply has the capabilities of the Model 5025A plus an additional external battery charger subsystem Thus it can either charge two external batteries or charge one external battery at the same time it is providing operating power and charging the internal battery The Model 51
150. l Gas Molecular Weight Gas Density Number of Wavelengths Wavelength Summary Wave Position Gas TWA Weighting Ref Comp Summary Ref Comp Mode Ref Wavelength Ref Measured Drift Humidity Comp Sum Humidity Comp Mode Humidity Wavelength Humidity Absorbance Figure 7 3 Application View and Edit Flow Chart Caution Only Gas Unit Gas High Alarm Level Gas Low Alarm Level Gas STEL Alarm Level and Gas STEL Time Interval can be changed for compounds in the standard library To access this function press 3 Applic view and edit from the Analysis Setup Menu Page 4 above The Primary Name Display the first of many parameter displays appears 7 25 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Application Type The Type is the type of the application single gas multi gas or scanning The Application Type cannot be changed Primary Name The Primary Name is the name of the application being monitored The last application configured is shown on the display If this is the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Secondary name To change the name press 1 The Primary Name Enter Display appears Key in the desired name and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Secondary name Secondary Name The Secondary Name is the name defined for enhanced version applications T
151. lay responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured Measurement Absorbance Concentration Measurement Absorbance Concentration specifies the coefficient for a P Q and R parameter or the maximum absorbance value any of which may be assigned to Range 1 2 or 3 for the application The last measurement Absorbance Concentration value for each range configured is shown on the display To accept this data press ENTER The display returns to the Primary Name Display see above Press 1 to change the absorbance values The Meas Absorb gt Conc Range Select Display appears see Meas Absorb gt Conc Range Display below 7 38 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup MEAS ABSORB gt CONC Select PQ cal range Range 1 gt 0 5000AU Range 2 gt 0 7500AU Range 3 Meas Absorb Conc Range Select Display In the above example the calibration range from 0 to 0 1700 AU has one set of calibration curve data P Q values and the range from 0 1701 to 0 4000 AU has a second set of calibration values The reason for more than one set of calibration values is that the first range may be relatively linear whereas the second range may be less linear By creating two separate ranges the accuracy is significantly enhanced Select the desired range 1 2 or 3 The Meas Absorb gt Conc Parameter Select Display appears see Meas Absorb Conc Parameter Select Display below MEAS ABSORB gt
152. lays Transfer Complete Press any key On the instrument press ESC to return to the Main Menu A gas or liquid syringe is required depending upon the compound Many compounds e g benzene are more expensive and only available in larger quantities in gaseous form and are therefore usually inserted into the pump as a liquid The pump evaporates the liquid before it is introduced to the analyzer Syringes can be obtained from chemical or scientific supply houses C 5 Appendix C Scan Calibration Procedure D ANALYZE THE SPECTRUM 1 In PCIP highlight the file containing the logged scan data and press F2 Edit The file should contains a header and two columns The first column contains the wavelength data and the second column is the corresponding absorbance 2 The wavelength typically chosen corresponds to the maximum absorbance in the scanned range Record this wavelength 3 At this point data may be imported into a program capable of graphing the data e g ThermoMatch Excel Lotus MatLab This will visually represent the raw spectra and aid in the selection of the best spectral peak E CREATE A NEW SINGLE GAS OR MULTI GAS LIBRARY APPLICATION In many cases more than one gas exists in an atmosphere It may be necessary to measure these gases simultaneously One reason for this is that several spectra may overlap at the analyzing wavelengths resulting in interference that requires compensation Another reaso
153. le should this message appear Contact service for a service update This message is displayed only during power on self test if communications cannot be started with the spectrometer controller board As the message states try powering off the analyzer and then turn it on again Cycle power off on If the message persists return the analyzer for service This warning message is displayed only during the power on self test if the system was reset by the watchdog As the message indicates this error is most likely caused by a software problem Note what the analyzer was doing before it shut off and contact service for assistance Chapter 4 Operation CHANGING THE PATHLENGTH The SapphIRe analyzer can be set to one of two pathlengths short 0 5 m and long 12 5 m To change the pathlength from the short pathlength 0 5 m to the long pathlength 12 5 m turn the hex recess adjustment clockwise with the pathlength change tool or 9 64 hex wrench The location of the pathlength adjustment is shown in Figure 4 3 To change the pathlength from long to short turn the adjustment counterclockwise See Location of Pathlength Adjustment for location of adjustment Caution Do not overturn adjustment The rotation angle is approximately 90 degrees but the actual short path position corresponds to the point at which a push pin engages a notch ina cam As the pin and cam are aligned an indicator rod engages a microswit
154. le single sample per logging trigger Continuous continuous sampling per logging trigger or Custom customized logging configuration the Alarm state is indicated as High Low or STEL and the compensations indicated as Temperature Pressure Reference and Humidity To move to one of the other three Analysis Setup menus press the up or down arrow keys one or more times Press ESC to return to the Setup Menu In the summary shown in the Analysis Setup Menu Page 1 the Logging mode is shown as Single Sample and the Logging interval is set at 10 seconds the unit counts down 10 seconds after the trigger The Alarm setpoint is triggered on the High level All Compensations are turned off Logging To change the logging characteristics press 1 Logging from the Analysis Setup Menu Page 1 The Log Menu is displayed LOG SUMMARY LOG MENU Mode Single Sample Log mode Interval 5 seconds Log interval Start Manual Log start Log store Store OnAlrmOnly _STEL 5 Other parms VMx Min Avg Abs Tmp Log Menu The summary of the present log configuration is shown on the left The selections at the bottom of the display indicate the type of log Mx maximum Min minimum Avg average Abs absorbance and Tmp temperature In the example given in Log Menu above the log will only store the Maximum value concentration in the 5 second countdown interval Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Log Mode To set the Log Mo
155. location that holds logged data and has a limited life It must be created to log data and take a few seconds to establish Locations come in various types and may be either permanent or temporary It takes a more substantial effort to develop them but the standard and supplemental locations are reusable Below is a block diagram that represents how they interact PERSONAL COMPUTER SapphlRe ANALYZER MEMORY LEGEND Figure 8 1 Sites and Locations Block Diagram Chapter 9 Report Data Transfer Warning Intrinsically safe models require special actions with respect to the following section Refer to Appendix C for descriptions of these actions From the Main Menu press 5 Report Data to access the Report Data Menu see Report Data Menu below The current status is shown on the left and the menu of selections on the right STATUS REPORT DATA Site 1234 MY ST 1 Select site Locations 30 of 35 2 Print logged 3 Data transfer Memory 85 free 4 Memory clear Report Data Menu SELECT SITE To select a site press 1 Select site from the Report Data Menu If no sites are available the display reads No sites are logged If sites are available the Site List Menu is displayed see Site List Menu below The current status continues to be shown on the left and the menu of selections on the right Select the site by its number The display responds ACCEPTED STATUS SITE LIST Site 1234 MY ST O All sites
156. low a negative absorbance threshold value set in the application Try rezeroing the analyzer to correct the problem Rezero the analyzer If problem persists replace the zero gas filter This message is displayed only during the power on self test if the factory Return analyzer for configuration is not valid The analyzer can service operate with a minimum feature set The data in the analyzer s battery backed up RAM is invalid All settings are reset to factory default values if this message is Contact service for displayed If the analyzer power is cycled _ assistance again and this message persists the backup battery may be dead This message indicate the battery pack has Replace the battery To continue operation replace the battery with a fresh battery or connect the analyzer to a charger This message indicates the battery is too low to run the system The system is shut down shortly after this message is displayed Contact customer service for a new battery pack This message indicates the battery pack has not been initialized This message is displayed if the battery has Perform battery not been fully discharge before it has been __ indicator calibration recharged many times see page 3 7 Chapter 4 Operation Table 4 4 Warning Messages continued Built in clock s date time is wrong CHECK PRINTER Log data memory invalid All sites cleared Probable cause is turning power off
157. lt in an incomplete purge and a faulty baseline value If ENTER is pressed to skip the purge a message is displayed citing the need to completely flush the cell If the purge continues to be skipped an error flag Z appears next to the displayed data because the automatic routine has been overridden Any measurement data is flagged with a Z for invalid data Yet it is possible that the data is perfectly acceptable ENT APPLICATION Save this zero Status Valid 1 Repeat zero Enter Save Chapter 5 Analysis If zero autosave is not enabled the display asks to save this zero Press 1 to repeat the zeroing procedure or ENTER to save the zero The display responds ZERO SAVED Save Zero Display APPLICATION Install particulate filter Enter Continue The display then prompts the user to replace the chemical filter with the particulate filter When this is done press ENTER Install Particulate Filter Display APPLICATION Wait for cell to fill with sample 15 seconds 1 Start Logging Enter SkipPurge Wait fo the cell to fill with sample The filling progress is shown on the display When completed the display changes to the Analysis menu Press ENTER to shortcut this procedure If the fill cycle is skipped wait for the cell to reach equilibrium which takes about 10 seconds If logging is configured and a site has been
158. lter Chapter 5 Analysis To re zero the analyzer press 1 New zero from the Zero Menu The display responds with Please wait and or Please wait while system warms up When all areas are indicated ok press ENTER to continue If the Analyzer mode is not zero or scan and pressure compensation is configured On the display shows the current pressure compensation and gives the user the opportunity to accept or change it If a new pressure is entered the display responds ACCEPTED or presents an INVALID VALUE message Next the analyzer checks its pathlength The analyzer is set to one of two pathlengths short 0 5 m or long 12 5 m If the pathlength is not correct for the application the display prompts the user to change the pathlength see Chapter 4 Changing the Pathlength ENT APPLICATION The display next prompts for the Install installation of the chemical zero chemical filter on the connector as shown in PITLET Figure 3 4 When this is done press ENTER Enter Continue Install Chemical Filter Display ENT APPLICATION S Wait for cell Wait for the cell to fill with zero to eae ne air and for the zeroing process to il anda occur Press ENTER to shortcut 15 seconds the purge Enter SkipPurge Zeroing Process Display Caution The zero process requires five volumes of air about 11 liters to completely purge the cell Shortcutting this step can resu
159. m Report Formatting Special Characters Certain characters have a special meaning For definition readability layout only may be ignored Terminate format definition line processing move to next line Field Designator Specification Details Field Designator Special Functions 00 Form Feed Description Form feed character When Valid Always Character size 1 Format Not applicable 01 General Purpose Index Description Value of the general purpose index When Valid Always Character size 2 Format NN right justified leading spaces 02 to 19 Reserved Description Reserved for future use When Valid Never Character size Not applicable Format Not applicable 20 Current Date DDMMMYYDescription Current date When Valid Always Character size 7 Format DDMMMYY Undefined 21 Current Date DDMMMYYYY Description Current date When Valid Always Character size 9 Format DDMMMYYYY Undefined 14 7 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 22 Current Date MM DD YY Description When Valid Character size Format Current date Always 8 MM DD YY Undefined 23 Current Date MM DD YYYY Description When Valid Character size Format Current date Always 10 MM DD YYYY Undefined 24 Current Date DD MM YY Description When Valid Character size Format Current date Always 8 DD MM YY Und
160. n for simultaneous measurement is to expedite the measurement process In order to determine whether interference exists it is necessary to compare the infrared spectra of the gases Spectra may be obtained from internet web sites such as the NIST Chemistry Webbook http webbook nist gov chemistry It will be necessary to print out the appropriate spectra and overlay them to determine if interference exists Reference books such as Brian Thompson s Hazardous Gases and Vapors Infrared Spectra and Physical Constants Beckman Instruments Inc Industrial Technical Report TR 595 1974 can also be used Alternately the SapphIRe can be used to generate spectra of known gases The following procedure is used to create a library application once it has been determined whether a single or multi gas application is appropriate Note Many of the steps used to create a single or multi gas library are identical They are clearly identified where they differ 1 From the Main Menu select 2 Change gas 2 From Select Applic menu select Enter Other If no application has been previously selected this step is omitted and the instrument skips to step 3 3 From Applic menu select 2 Single gas or 3 Multi gas Choose the first empty position number e g 2 lt empty 2 gt The analyzer will beep and an error message will state that an application processing error has occurred and the application is invalid Ignore this messa
161. n range desired Figure 13 13 shows two spectra for R 142b at 10 and 120 ppm Two distinct absorption 13 13 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial peaks present themselves at 8 5 and 10 5 microns Note that the one at 8 5 microns is strong at both concentrations and that the one at 10 5 microns practically disappears at the concentration of 10 ppm 0 800 0 700 0 600 R 142b at 10 ppm Absorbance o fo OQ ow A o1 O O op op op 0 200 0 100 iN 0 000 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Wavelength In Microns 0 800 0 700 0 600 0 500 R 142b at 120 ppm Absorbance O iN op O 0 300 0 200 0 100 0 000 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Wavelength In Microns Figure 13 13 Selecting the Peak of High Intensity at Varying Concentrations 13 14 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS MEASURING ABSORPTION LEVELS The previous section showed that the second major characteristic of an absorption peak is the intensity of energy absorption and that the presence and intensity of IR absorption of any given peak varies with the identity of the specific organic compound being analyzed Absorption also varies with the concentration of gases in the sample cell and with the effective length of the path the infrared beam travels through the sample cell Generally speaking the greater the concentration of gas
162. n the left of the display Scroll through the current locations by pressing the 6 and 9 buttons or if configured the up and down arrows Selection 3 location menu provides access to the current list menu This provides the following options e Selection 1 Browse allows scrolling through the current locations Selecting one of the listed locations makes that location active e Selection 2 Add or search allows searching for a specific current location or to add a temporary location to the active location list Pressing enter makes that location active e Selection 3 allows scrolling through the supplemental location list It performs the same functions as selection 1 above except it makes that supplemental location active and loads the supplemental location to the active location list as long as that site is open e Selection 4 allows searching for a specific supplemental location Pressing enter make that makes that supplemental location active and loads the supplemental location to the active location list as long as that site is open General Comments l 2 There may be up to 200 total locations standard supplemental and added loaded per site Locations are a valuable tool if the same area is continually monitored For many applications a descriptive site name and perhaps a note may suffice Ifa single sample as the log mode is selected the left hand side of the main menu will display the numb
163. n use Remember to remove the caps before using the analyzer The particulate and zero gas filters have been chosen for their low resistance to sample flow Do not use substitute filters as they can cause erroneous readings The particulate filter is used during gas analysis to remove dust and other particulates the zero gas filter removes most infrared absorbing components from the air and is used to set the analyzer zero before analysis Some gases are not removed by the standard zero gas filter see page 5 1 Caution 2 for examples These gases may absorb IR energy at the same wavelength being used for sample analysis When such gases are present use a source of clean air other than filtered ambient air when zeroing the analyzer To install the wand and filter remove the protective covering from the analyzer inlet and outlet ports Connect one end of the flexible hose to the inlet port and the other end to the handle of the wand If the wand is used first slide the leak probe ring over the hose then attach the particulate filter to the end of the hose and screw the wand onto the wand ring making sure that the O ring is properly seated Filter Wand ring Wand To inlet port gt A O ring Wand handle Hose Figure 3 4 Wand Optional and Filter Installation ADJUSTING SHOULDER STRAP The analyzer has an adjustable shoulder strap that is listed in Table 3 1 To adjust the length of the strap slide length ad
164. nd Sampling Wand 18 CR013XM Transportation Carrying Case 19 071 5707 Closed Loop Calibration System 120V 50 60 Hz 20 071 5752 Closed Loop Calibration System 220V 50 60 Hz 21 CR014LG Field Performance Verification Kit 22 CR014MA Gas Delivery System replacement part for CR014LG 23 CR014LN Cylinder of N20 and SF mixture in air replacement part for CRO14LG 24 CRO13VQ Analog Output Cable 25 TR101TP 12V Charger Adapter Cable F 1 Appendix F Parts and Accessories Parts used with the 205B Series Analyzer Style A Power Supply Single Battery Charger Part No TR101TL Air Sampling Hose Assembly Part No CR015AB Power Supply Dual Battery Charger Part No TR101TM Battery Pack Part No CR014GZ IPATCO ELECTRONICS INC AA 990700006 Charger Chassis Interface Cable Part No TR101TN Serial Communication Cable RS 232 C Part No P0170QW Charger Battery Pack Interface Cable Part No TR101TK Shoulder Strap Part No CRO13UJ E 2 sone F 2 Parts used with the 205B Series Analyzer Style A Pathlength Changing Tool Part No TR101RV Battery Compartment Key Part No X0173QH Particulate Filter Part No TR101ZU Individual Filters Zero Gas Filter Part No TR101PU F 3 Appendix F Parts and Accessories Printer Cable Part No TR101QX Power Cord 115V Part No NO249XS Phillips Screwdriver Part No TR101RW Appendi
165. nd can absorb IR energy Thus resonance is the key to infrared analysis If a molecule s bonds vibrate at a particular frequency wavelengths of infrared radiation are absorbed by those bonds if they are at the same frequency For example if carbon is double bonded to oxygen it vibrates at a frequency that matches the frequency of infrared energy at a wavelength of 5 8 um Whenever molecular frequency matches infrared energy s frequency that infrared energy is absorbed by the molecules Molecules of different substances vibrate at different frequencies and therefore are responsive to different wavelengths Because some molecules can be composed of several different atoms it is also possible that one part of a molecule would absorb at one wavelength and another part of that molecule at another wavelength So the total molecule might absorb at multiple wavelengths because of the many different bond groups on that molecule One way to tell one molecule from another is by analyzing at different wavelengths of infrared energy Chemical bonds can be thought of as tuning forks each bond naturally tuned to a different pitch or vibrational frequency If the tuning fork is struck softly it sounds a particular note Striking the fork harder does not change the fundamental pitch of the fork It only vibrates more forcefully and consequently sounds louder It does not change to a different note Chemical bonds are like nature s molecular tuning forks
166. nes 4 17 AM AVS IS ins nanana datas tends aak 7 7 Analysis To Beg tise scsdecssatdinss caatasegtancsad 5 4 Analysis Preferences oti cuui eats cece aasties 7 15 Analysis SQUID i erii nenn aeii ident 7 8 Application View and Edit eeeeeeeee 7 25 B Batch Sample Configuring 7 17 Battery Conditioning cceecceesseeeteeeteeeees 3 8 Battery Indicator Calibration eee 3 7 Battery Pack Maintenance ee eeeeeeeeeeeees 10 1 Battery Stat S ieseni e Req stacen te exes a i 4 2 7 4 Baud Rate Changing 2 045 csseastdgtesensvans 9 3 Beer Lambert Law s i2 csaistiectsteaissisenciaes 13 16 C Cable Identification ics si tescscsseccvscteseasocniy enstes 3 2 Calibration ccccccccccccccccessescssceseessessssessssees 7 3 C 1 Charger Power Supply c ccccccescesseeereeees 3 5 Choose Application ccccceccscesceseeeeeeeeees 7 21 Clock 7 6 Compensations Specifying Analysis 7 13 COMPUTA OT sonneratii ni 7 1 Connections Output cceccceesseceteeeeeeeeees 3 9 Contrast Adjustment ccceceesceeeeeereeeeees 4 2 Control Menu sacnsecsy wnat anes 4 2 COMMONS iiiaae apai 4 1 D Data Report Transfer ccceeceesseetteeteeeees 9 1 Data Transfer acca etaass setae ne ain ee 9 3 Displayen dnia ance ane 4 E Electromagnetic Energy ccccecsseeseeeeteeees 13 1 Error Fault Messages ccscsssscssccesncesencenes 5 7 Error SCUCENS ss pecidas ea tetedes detec ieeaet aeaaee 4 13
167. ng for a request From the computer highlight MYSETUP TXT and press F6 After the transfer is complete select an application or single gas and begin analysis ENT APPLICATION MAIN MENU 1 Analyze Start 2 Change gas 3 Site info 4 Config Setup 5 Report Data Analyzer Main Menu Chapter 12 USER PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION INTRODUCTION Performance verification can be done by introducing a pure sample of the compound through a septum into a closed loop circulating pump which is connected to the analyzer The closed loop calibration system consisting of the septum pump and tubing is available from Thermo Fisher Scientific PROCEDURE 1 Before connecting the closed loop calibration system to the analyzer it must be free of all contaminants Therefore zero the analyzer see Chapter 5 To Zero the Analyzer When display says to install the particulate filter go to next step of this procedure instead 2 Connect tubing from the OUT connector of the closed loop pump to the IN port on the analyzer Also connect tubing from the IN connector of the closed loop pump to the OUT port of the analyzer see Figure 12 1 Figure 12 1 Closed Loop Calibration Setup 12 1 Chapter 12 User Performance Verification 3 Determine the required injection volume for the calibration For Liquids VI Cx aie X E x M 10 R d For Gases VI Cx V Where VI Injection volume in microliters uL C Concentration
168. ng an application the analyzing wavelength of the compound of interest must be established If the wavelength for the compound of interest is known a scan for the analyzing wavelength is not necessary However a more precise analysis is accomplished if the calibration is adjusted for the specific instrument If the wavelength is unknown a scan can determine the best analyzing wavelength The SapphIRe can do either a peak pick fast scan or full scan A Peak Pick scan should be used when the approximate wavelength of the compound of interest is known Peak Pick provides a 2 0 micron window user selectable of the linear variable filter LVF between 8 0 and 14 1 microns to be scanned All analyzers operating at software version 4 00 or higher possess this feature The Fast Scan or Full Scan allows the entire LVF region between 7 7 to 14 1 microns as well as the seven fixed band pass filters to be scanned This is especially valuable when the region of strongest absorbance is unknown It also may be used to record the spectral characteristics of a gas The fast scan takes slightly less time while still providing a good spectral representation of the gas The full scan take slightly longer but provides higher quality spectral identification through better signal to noise averaging Appendix C Scan Calibration Procedure The following steps are required to optimize the calibration or to calibrate for an unknown wavelength TAHMA Create a l
169. not covered by the warranty provided in this warranty Buyer shall pay Seller therefor at Seller s then prevailing time and materials rates ANY INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE REPAIR SERVICE RELOCATION OR ALTERATION TO OR OF OR OTHER TAMPERING WITH THE PRODUCTS PERFORMED BY ANY PERSON OR ENTITY OTHER THAN SELLER WITHOUT SELLER S PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OR ANY USE OF REPLACEMENT PARTS NOT SUPPLIED BY SELLER SHALL IMMEDIATELY VOID AND CANCEL ALL WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE AFFECTED PRODUCTS THE OBLIGATIONS CREATED BY THIS WARRANTY STATEMENT TO REPAIR OR REPLACE A DEFECTIVE PRODUCT SHALL BE THE SOLE REMEDY OF BUYER IN THE EVENT OF A DEFECTIVE PRODUCT EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN THIS WARRANTY STATEMENT SELLER DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED ORAL OR WRITTEN WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE SELLER DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE PRODUCTS ARE ERROR FREE OR WILL ACCOMPLISH ANY PARTICULAR RESULT A 2 Warranty Thermo Fisher Scientific Appendix B Intrinsic Safety The SapphIRe analyzer is available in an intrinsically safe model Intrinsically safe apparatus is apparatus in which any spark or thermal effect produced either normally or in specified fault conditions is incapable under test conditions prescribed in NFPA Standard Number 493 entitled Intrinsically Safe Apparatus for use in Division 1 Hazardous Lo
170. nses Silver Bromide 21 8 in 55 3 cm wide Analyzer Dimensions 14 4 in 36 5 cm high 7 6 in 19 3 cm deep Corrugated Polyethylene Gas Cell Sampling Hose 0 5 in 12 7 mm O D 42 in 107 cm long Weight 24 Ibs 10 9 kg Table 2 4 Optional Electrical Safety Certifications Testing Laboratory Types of protection and Area Classification Application Conditions CENELEC intrinsically safe EEx ib d IIB Temperature Class T4 ETL C Canada intrinsically safe Class I Division 1 Groups B C and D ETL intrinsically safe Class I Division 1 Groups B C and D Temperature Class T4 Temperature Class T4 Note Intrinsically safe analyzers have been designed to meet the electrical safety descriptions listed in the table above For detailed information or status or testing laboratory approvals certifications contact Thermo Environmental Instruments 2 3 Chapter 3 INSTRUMENT PREPARATION UNPACKING Remove the instrument from its shipping carton and or transportation case and check it for visible damage If the instrument has been damaged notify the carrier immediately and request an inspection report Obtain a signed copy of the report from the carrier Check the contents of the shipping package against Table 3 1 there should be one of each item Immediately report any shortages Table 3 1 Packing List ir Sampling Assembly Particulate Filter Item 1 2 3 4 7 Serial Communicat
171. o different gases have spectra that both exhibit peaks at some wavelengths but not at others By selecting a measurement wavelength for the target gas that is not common to any other gas the interference problem can be avoided SapphIRe XL Analyzer The SapphIRe XL Analyzer performs all the functions of the SapphIRe SL Analyzer except it has more than 120 single gas factory calibrations in its standard library see Appendix H Chapter 2 SPECIFICATIONS Thermo Fisher Scientific reserves the right to change modify specifications without prior notice Table 2 1 Standard Specifications Item Specification Measurement Ranve See Appendix H for each compound range Concentration Compound Dependent Absorbance 0 000 to 1 2 Au practical upper limit SapphIRe DL up to 5 gases in a background of 5 additional gases Storage for up to 10 single gas and 10 multigas applications Measurable SapphIRe SL same as SapphIRe DL except factory calibrated for 50 Gases single gases SapphIRe XL same as SapphIRe SL except factory calibrated for 120 single gases Digital readout of concentration ppb ppm mg m or absorbance Output units AU Also connections for analog output relay contacts parallel port printer and serial communication RS232 Seven fixed bandpass filters and one continuously linear variable filter 7 7 to 14 1 microns The seven fixed wavelengths are 1 859 water Wavelength vapor 3 333 gener
172. o see Table 4 1 MENU STRUCTURE All of the SapphIRe menus are accessed from the Main Menu Figure 4 2 shows the structure of the main menu and sub menus The chapters describing the functions of each sub menu are also noted MAIN MENU Analyzer Configuration information Analyze Start Change Gas Site Information Setup Report Data this chapter chapter 5 chapter 6 chapter 7 chapter 8 chapter 9 Figure 4 2 Main and Sub Menu Structure 4 3 Chapter 4 Operation STARTUP PROCEDURE Press the ON OFF button to activate the instrument The first menu to appear is the Main Menu shown below If the application shown on the Main Menu is the one that is wanted press 1 or ENTER to display the Zero Menu shown on page 4 6 ENT APPLICATION MAIN MENU 1 Analyze Start 2 Change gas 3 Site info 4 Config Setup 5 Report Data Main Menu If an application other than that on the Main Menu is desired press 2 to display the Select Applications menu shown below This menu presents up to five of the most recently selected applications If one of the applications shown in this menu is selected the display skips to the Zero menu shown below Note Any application in the Select Applications menu will be removed when a new application is downloaded from a PC These applications are not removed from the instrument and can be accessed from the user libraries via
173. o the list of stored locations or to add locations during logging enable the Location Mode Enabling the Location Mode results in item 3 4 and 5 being added to the analysis menu during run mode Press 2 to configure how the location list is sorted At the next display press 1 to sort as entered or press 2 to sort alphabetically The display responds ACCEPTED Press 3 to specify where to insert a new location At the next display press 1 to select Not allowed 2 to insert alphabetically 3 to insert at list end or 4 to insert above current location The display responds ACCEPTED Refer to Chapter 8 Site Info for more information about sites and locations Report Output The Report Output parameter configures certain features of the report output To access this feature press 4 from the third Analysis Setup Menu Upon presentation of the report output display press 1 to select the report output mode 2 to select the report location order 3 to select the locations reported or 4 to select if duplicates are to be reported If 1 is pressed to select the report output mode press 1 again to choose the As Logged mode or 2 to choose the By Location mode Note If 1 is selected and data was not logged to locations no site report data will be output If 2 is pressed to select the report location order press 1 to choose As Entered or 2 to choose Alphabetical 7 20 Chapter 7 Configuration
174. og interval from the Log Menu It can be entered as 1 to 999 seconds 1 to 999 minutes or 1 to 999 cycles The numeric field entry is keyed in the units are selected with the down arrow key If the Log Mode is continuous there are three other alternatives To view these press the period key Then in the next menu select 1 to use the factory set interval 2 to log a value at the end of each measurement cycle or 3 to use the smallest interval in seconds that does not over flow the logging memory within eight hours The display responds ACCEPTED Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Note Too small an interval is chosen if in a multi gas analysis mode or compensations enabled for example 10 seconds the analyzer displays an error message This is because the analyzer only provides one new set of concentration readings at the end of the cycle which depending on the number of wavelengths in the application and the sampling duration could be anywhere from approximately 30 seconds to a maximum of approximately 120 seconds Log Start Log Start chooses the trigger mechanism to begin logging data Use the Manual start the Auto start to have logging start automatically upon entering Analysis or set the start time and the duration for a Timed start To access this parameter press 3 Log start from the Log Menu Then press 1 to specify a Manual start 2 to specify an Auto start or 3 to specify a Timed log start If a Timed log st
175. ogging site Perform a peak pick or full spectrum scan Download data from the analyzer to a PC Analyze the spectrum Create a single or multi gas library application Calibration Generate a P Matrix Enter P Matrix into analyzer and verify calibration accuracy A CREATE A LOGGING SITE SO SOO ET SON 11 12 13 From the Main Menu select 3 Site Info Select 1 New site Analyzer displays message Warning starting a site closes the old site data Ifan old site does not exist the instrument skips to step 3 Select Enter Continue Using the on screen instructions input a new site name Select Enter Accept Select Escape ESC to return to the Main Menu From the Main Menu select 4 Config Setup Select 5 Analysis Select 1 Logging Select 1 Log mode Select 2 Single sample Select 2 Log interval The logging interval allows inputting a number and then by using the down arrow selecting either seconds minutes or cycles For this procedure input 1 Press the down arrow Unit until the display reads 1 cycles Select Enter Accept Select 3 Log Start Select 1 Manual Press Escape ESC three times to return to Main Menu Appendix C Scan Calibration Procedure B PERFORM A PEAK PICK OR FULL SPECTRUM SCAN To perform a Peak Pick 1 13 14 Calculate the injection volume of the compound to be injected into a closed loop system CLS using the equations provided in Chapter 12
176. om the memory menu to clear the sites and logged data see Memory Clear Display below See Locations for clearing all locations SUMMARY MEMORY MENU Site lt all gt 1 Clear logged sites amp data Locations 2 Clear all logged data Memory 94 free locations report defin Memory Menu Display LOCATIONS Locations are reusable identifiers that may be used to identify data within a site For example if monitoring homes the locations kitchen hall bedroom living and dining can be established When entering the first home an appropriate site name i e 123 Main St and the logging parameters can be established Then scroll through the five locations and log the data for the appropriate room s When moving to the next home a new site 987 Oak Lane would be established and the process would be repeated There are three types of locations 1 Standard Locations These are permanent locations that are entered into the analyzer s memory and may be used in all sites The locations in this list become the active location list when the location feature is activated and a new site is created The location list is created on a PC and sent to the analyzer To create a location file download the blank location list from the analyzer to be used as a template The spacing in the file is critical if improperly formatted an error message will appear during the data transfer to the analyzer To ensure correc
177. on press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the weight The Molecular Weight Enter Display appears Key in the desired weight 000 0 to 999 9 and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured This value converts concentrations unit of measure to mg m Gas Liquid Density Gas Liquid Density sets the density of the vapor for the application The last density configured is shown on the display If this is the density for the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the density The Density Enter Display appears Key in the desired density 0 00 to 9 99 and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the next parameter to be configured This value is for reference only and is not used in any calculation Gas TWA Weighting Gas TWA Weighting specifies the gas group TWA weighting of the gas for a multi gas application The last weight configured is shown on the display If this is the weight of the present application press ENTER The display changes to the next parameter to be configured Press 1 to change the weight The TWA Weight Enter Display appears Key in the desired weight from 0 to 10000 and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED If this is not the last gas in th
178. on is acceptable for analysis However because of gravitational forces on the motor mechanism which drives the wavelength system the most stable position is horizontal Furthermore there can be differences in the displayed data when the analyzer is zeroed in the horizontal position and used for analysis in the vertical position or vice versa When performing any spot checking or long term analysis Thermo Fisher Scientific recommends that the unit be placed in the horizontal position Certain applications can cause problems when in the vertical position For example if measuring very high concentration samples of dense gases it is possible that sample may settle to one end of the cell High concentration anesthetic gas analysis can cause this phenomenon To solve the problem place the analyzer in the horizontal position Chapter 5 ANALYZE START To start the analysis press 1 Analyze Start from the Main Menu The display presents the Zero Menu if a zero has been taken for all of the current application wavelengths The date and time of the last zero and analyzer status are shown To re zero the analyzer press 1 To continue with an analysis without taking a new zero value press ENTER ENT APPLICATION Last zero O04Jan01 13 30 Status Valid 1 New zero Enter Continue Zero Menu TO ZERO THE ANALYZER Caution 1 When zeroing the analyzer it is important to zero the unit in the area where t
179. ormat for validity flags in statistics When Valid Last designator encountered is used Character size 0 Format See Measurement Data Validity Flags Okay All Flags Without CrLf in previous section 44 Measurement Statistics Validity Flags Format Okay All Flags With CrLf Description Select format for validity flags in statistics When Valid Last designator encountered is used Character size 0 Format See Measurement Data Validity Flags Okay All Flags With CrLf in previous section 45 to 49 Reserved Description Reserved for future use When Valid Never Character size Not applicable Format Not applicable 50 Measurement Statistics Start and Stop Date Time Off Description Turns off lines displaying start and stop date times When Valid Last designator encountered is used Character size 0 Format Not applicable 51 Measurement Statistics Measurement Date Off Description Suppresses columns and trailing separated spaces associated with concentration dates including header lines When Valid Last designator encountered is used Character size 0 Format Not applicable 14 26 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 52 Measurement Statistics Measurement Time Off Description Suppresses columns and trailing separated spaces associated with concentration times including header lines When Valid Last designator encountered is used Character size 0 Format Not applicable 53 Measurement Statis
180. phIRe analyzer can apply reference wavelength compensation Reference Compensation is performed automatically when enabled and when supported by the application all standard library applications are supported The analyzer makes a measurement of a gas as its analytical wavelength and then moves to a reference wavelength specified by Thermo Fisher Scientific or by the user see Reference Wavelength below 7 13 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup The reference wavelength is chosen based on the analytical wavelength and must be chosen at a wavelength where other gases do not absorb IR energy The default wavelength of 4 004 microns should be used if the presence of other gases is not certain Once the analyzer has measured the signal at the reference wavelength the value is applied to the analytical wavelength and a correction in its value is made The process of switching between the analytical wavelength and reference wavelength is continuously repeated Use of the reference wavelength compensation can greatly improve the stability of the SapphIRe analyzer in long term and short term monitoring applications Choosing reference wavelength compensation slows down the cycle time of the analyzer Figure 7 1 shows that reference compensation greatly improves the ability of the analyzer to remain stable over extended periods of time It is still important however to let the instrument warm up for at least 10 minutes prior to beginning an analysis
181. plained as follows Table 14 2 Codes Used in Standard Format the location and data logged T a 00 10 15 20 aa 22 145 14 3 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting FOOTER The footer like the header appears one time per site In the coded format it begins with the words REPORT FOOTER and ends with the word END A footer is optional If it is used it may be just typed in or coded to insert the notes entered in the REPORT ENTRY FIELDS section REPORT ENTRY FIELDS This section of report entry defines the user entered information It begins with the words REPORT ENTRY FIELDS and ends with the word END The report entry fields is in the format nn t sz r ppppppppp where nn Field number valid range 01 30 2 digits right justified leading zeros duplicate values result in error entries beyond the maximum entry defined in list are not presented for entry t Type of entry field A Alphanumeric value initial value is none Numeric value numbers period and minus sign only initial value is none D Date value DDMMMYY format numbers for DD and YY letters for MMM initial value is current date d Date value nn nn nnnn format numbers only initial value is current date T Time value hh mm ss format numbers only initial value is current time t Time value hh mm format numbers only initial value is current time Not used for formatting entry screens sz Number of characters in entry valid
182. prompt to select 1 Repeat Zero or Enter Save After the zero is saved the prompt is to install the particulate filter Do not do this Instead make an injection and press Enter Continue Appendix C Scan Calibration Procedure 15 16 17 18 19 Use a suitably sized syringe to introduce Iniection Port the compound to be scanned into the injection port of the closed loop system The injection volume was calculated in step 1 Turn pump ON for approximately 30 seconds Press Enter Continue The analysis menu on the right displays an option for 1 Start Logging Select this option After a short period where the pump circulates the compound the analyzer displays Log in progress after the countdown At the end of the Peak pick select Enter Save Press Esc until Main menu appears Use pump to remove compound from analyzer approximately 5 minutes To perform a Full Spectrum Scan l Calculate the injection volume of the injected compound into a Closed Loop System CLS using the equations provided in Chapter 12 User Performance Verification From the Main Menu select 2 Change gas Select Enter Other If no application has been selected previously it skips to Step 3 Select 4 Spectrum scan Select either 5 Full L for long path scanning used for lowest detectable levels or 6 Full S for short path scanning used for higher concentration scans Note that higher quality results are
183. r of two alarm setpoints a high alarm is activated by a reading above the higher of the two alarm setpoints 2 To configure the High Low and STEL alarm setpoints see Alarms below ALARM SUMMARY ALARM MENU High alarm Enabled 1 High alarm Low alarm Enabled 2 Low alarm STEL alarm Latched 3 STEL alarm VCone Trig VRelay 1 4 Alarm trigger VAvg Trig VRelay 2 5 Relay output 6 Geiger countr Alarm Menu Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Note The Latched alarm state only applies to the alarm relay To make the audible alarm work as a latching alarm set the Alarm action to ErrScrn in Analysis Preferences see page 7 15 Press 1 from the Alarm Menu to set the state of the High alarm 2 for the Low alarm and 3 for the STEL alarm At the next display specify the state of that alarm by pressing 1 for Off 2 for Enabled or 3 for Latched The display responds ACCEPTED ALARM SUMMARY Select high High alarm Off alarm state Low alarm Off STEL alarm Off Off _Conc Trig _Relay 1 1 0ff _Avg Trig _Relay 2 2 Enabled 3 Latched Alarm State Menu An Enabled alarm is triggered when the measurement exceeds a preset value When the measurement falls below the setpoint the alarm is extinguished A Latched alarm also is triggered when the measurement exceeds a preset value However the alarm is only extinguished when acknowledged via the Control Menu Warning Intrinsically
184. r through ThermoConnect or printed through the printer port Creating a New Site 1 From the main menu select 3 Site Info to access the Site Menu Display shown below STATUS SITE MENU Site lt all gt 1 New site Locations 2 Enter site information Memory Erase sit Site Menu Display 2 From the site menu select 1 new site The warning Starting a site closes the old site data may appear Press ENTER 4 Enter the name of the site through the keypad The site name may be up to twelve characters long Press ENTER 5 The new site name is displayed on the left and the site menu is returned Press ESC to return to the main menu ios Chapter 8 Site Info General Comments l De There may have up to 50 sites in the analyzer memory at one time When downloading or printing site data select either a single site all sites or current site Selection 2 enter site information under the site menu allows the entering of notes about the data to be logged For example notes could indicate the conditions at the time of monitoring cloudy or who requested that the monitoring the be done I H survey This information will appear at the end of the standard logging report The default setup provides 20 note locations each of which may be up to 12 characters long To clear all sites and logged data select 5 Report Data from the main menu then select 4 Memory Clear Select 1 fr
185. rary Application Only In the PQ Cal Range screen select 1 Range For Both Single and Multi gas Library Application Select 1 Q and since the quadratic term is unknown at this point because the P matrix has not been generated yet enter 0 and then Enter Accept For Both Single and Multi gas Library Application Select 2 P and since the linear term is unknown at this point because the P matrix has not been generated yet enter 1 and then Enter Accept Note that for multi gas library applications steps 43 and 44 must be repeated for each gas at each wavelength For Single Gas Library Application From the PQ cal params screen select 4 Absorb range and enter 1 2 Select Enter Accept For Both Single and Multi gas Library Application Press ESC until analyzer asks to save changes Select Enter Save For Both Single and Multi gas Library Application Press ESC 2 times to return to the main menu At this point the application is valid for use Appendix C Scan Calibration Procedure F CALIBRATION l Calculate five injection volumes that cover the complete concentration range also see Chapter 12 E g if the concentration is 0 to 1000 ppm the concentrations should be approximately 200 400 600 800 and 1000 ppm For liquid injection volumes use the formula VI qae For gas injection volumes use the formula VI C Vn Where VI injection volume in m
186. rence drift error The last reference measured drift configured is shown on the display If this is the correct allowed drift press ENTER The display changes to the Humidity Compensation Summary Press 1 to change the allowed drift The Reference Measured Drift Enter Display appears Key in the desired allowed drift 0 0 to 100 0 and press ENTER If the entry is valid the display responds ACCEPTED and then changes to the Humidity Compensation Summary 7 34 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup To convert percent to an absorbance limit value use the following formula Aborbance Limit log a io 100 drift For example if the drift value was set to 25 percent a drift flag is generated if the absorbance at the reference wavelength is over 0 1245 AU or under 0 0969 AU Humidity Compensation Summary The Humidity Compensation Summary allows reviewing the humidity compensation data for the application To accept this data press ENTER The display jumps to the Pathlength Display Press 1 to change the data in the Humidity Compensation Summary The Humidity Compensation Mode Display is presented see Humidity Compensation Summary Display below HUMIDITY COMPENSATION Mode Enabled Humidity HumidityA 1 859um Compensation V Absorbance gt Humidity parameters installed 1 Change 4 Prev V Next Humidity Compensation Summary Display Humidity Compensation Mode Humidity Compensation Mode sets this mode off or on
187. ries General configuration information Application data Measurement data Measurement statistics the field number 2 digits right justified leading zeros an optional format modifier Normal formatting Left justify data within field with trailing spaces Right justify data within field with trailing spaces Center data within field with leading and trailing spaces Do not output spaces from the last nonspace character in the field to the end ofthe field shorten unused field characters Do not output spaces from the first field character to the first nonspace character in the field Same as both lt and gt II a EO x GF Se ee II Looping Indicators Certain data within the report output may be repeated by surrounding the repeated characters in the definition with braces and indicating a looping type The looping type is specified by the letter D G H or W immediately following the starting brace The braces and looping type are not output in the report Loop nesting is allowed to a depth of at least 3 The following repeat loops are provided D G H w Repeat all the logged data for a location Reset the General Purpose Index increment and repeat for all gases Repeat for all logged locations that are sequential and exactly the same except for the location and the data logged Reset the General Purpose Index increment and repeat for all wavelengths 14 6 Chapter 14 Custo
188. rify proper performance Refer to Appendix E for details PREFERENCES The Preference Menus configure various operational features of the analyzer and makes various display selections To access the Setup Preference Menu press 2 Preferences from the Setup Menu The current preferences are displayed on the left and the menu of selections on the right see Setup Preference Menu Page 1 below 7 3 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup SUMMARY PREFERENCE MENU Key click On 1l Key click Screen delay Medium 2 Screen delay Power graphic On 3 Power graphic Battery status Always 4 Battry status Text type Regular 5 Text type A vy More Setup Preference Menu Page 1 Menu Item Selections 2 Turns on or off a feature which produces a beep with each key press aie ees 1 On and 2 Off Selects the length of time an acknowledgment message appears on 2 Screen delay the screen 1 Short 0 5 seconds 2 Medium 1 second and 3 Long 2 seconds S _ Displays a startup screen graphic when turning the analyzer on 1 3 Power graphic On and 2 Off a Selects when to show the battery status symbol on the display 1 4 Battery status Aes and 2 When battery is low a Selects the text type 1 Regular both upper and lower case and 2 EAE All Capitals To access the second page of the Setup Preference menu press the down arrow key See see Setup Preference Menu Page 2 below S
189. rption frequencies its IR spectrum is unique Like fingerprints no two are alike and thus can be used to identify the molecules in an 13 18 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial unknown sample By knowing at what wavelengths energy is absorbed the types of molecules in a compound can be identified 2 Selecting a good fingerprint for a compound involves finding an intense absorption peak in its IR spectrum at a wavelength where a it can easily be identified from among other similar compounds and b interference from water and carbon dioxide is minimal These practical considerations often mean selecting an alternate analytical wavelength for identifying and measuring the target compound 3 We can also determine how much of the chemical compound is present using quantitative techniques based on Beer s Law When a certain quantity of IR energy is beamed through the sample cell containing molecules of a chemical compound the molecules absorb a certain percentage of that energy The amount of energy absorbed can be expressed in Transmittance or in Absorbance Units By knowing how much IR energy is absorbed we can figure out how many molecules are in the chamber Very low concentration levels of gases can thus be measured and expressed in parts per million ppm HOW THE SAPPHIRE ANALYZER WORKS The SapphIRe Analyzer is a single beam microprocessor controlled infrared analyzer with a variable pathlength gas cell and an
190. ry Application A multi compound P matrix consists of one column for each compound The upper half of the rows are the P linear terms for each wavelength and the lower half are the corresponding Q quadratic terms for each wavelength see example below Appendix C Scan Calibration Procedure 15 16 17 18 19 20 Gas 1 Gas 2 Gas 3 Wave 1 P11 P21 P31 Wave 2 P12 P 22 P 32 Wave 3 P13 P 23 P 33 Wave 1 Q11 Q 21 Q 31 Wave 2 Q 12 Q 22 Q 32 Wave 3 Q 13 Q 23 Q 33 For Multi Gas Library Application Press Prev to get to the Matrix Parameters screen From the Matrix Parameters screen enter the P and Q values To enter the Q value for the first compound at the first wavelength select 1 Change and 1 Q Enter the Q value and select Enter Accept To enter the P value for the first compound at the first wavelength select 1 Change and 2 P Enter the P value and select Enter Accept For Multi Gas Library Application Press Next to enter the Q value for the first compound at the second wavelength Select 1 Change and 1 Q Enter the Q value and select Enter Accept To enter the P value for the first compound at the second wavelength select 1 Change and 2 P Enter the P value and select Enter Accept For Multi Gas Library Application Continue with the procedures described in steps 15 and 16 until the P and Q terms have been entered for all compounds at
191. s 5 Exit update mode Firmware Main Menu In the Firmware Main Menu press 3 to display the Serial Menu In the Serial Menu press 1 to select 19200 baud The display briefly read 19200 ACCEPTED and returns to the Serial Menu Press ESC to return to the Firmware Main Menu Then press ENTER or 1 to erase the present firmware The display warns that the firmware is about to be erase Press ENTER to continue SERIAL ME Baud Rat 19200 1 Verify serial link 2 Baud rate Serial Menu The Loading Firmware screen is displayed In ThermoConnect highlight the M205 prm file and press F6 to send the new software to the analyzer This process takes about 25 minutes LOADING FIRMWARE Loading firmware using serial port Waiting Esc Cancel Loading Firmware Screen When complete the Firmware Main Menu is displayed see Firmware Main Menu above Verify that firmware revision is correct and validity states are valid Press 5 to exit The analyzer restarts at this point and error messages related to the application are displayed Proceed to the next section to reload the specific application Chapter 11 Firmware Update Uploading Setup Information Next reload the file saved earlier into back to the computer To do this press 5 from the Analyzer Main Menu see below Then Press 3 from the Report Data Menu to select Data Transfer see Data Transfer Menus above The display indicates that it is waiti
192. s is done as follows 5 Report Data 3 Data transfer 1 Chnge mode 2 Manual Once the SapphIRe is set up for TEXT MANUAL and the terminal program is running data may be sent from the analyzer to the PC First the terminal program should be set to write all incoming data to a file capture the data This is done in Hyperterminal by selecting the menu item Transfer Capture Text then setting the file name Next the transfer is originated at the SapphIRe by selecting 3 Send then selecting the appropriate data from the SEND MENU 1 Site 2 Full setup 3 Partial setup 4 Library names To receive data on the SapphIRe from the PC choose 4 Receive from the DATA TRANSFER menu on the SapphIRe then use the menu item Transfer Send Text in Hyperterminal The type of data is included inside each of the text files so the file type does not have to be selected before receiving data on the SapphIRe G 2 Appendix H STANDARD LIBRARIES Detection Detection Accuracy Library HRL HRL Limit Limit of Compound Name Acronym see key ppm mg m3 _ ppm mg m3 Wavelength Pathlength reading ACETALDEHYDE ACETALD XL 400 722 0 8 1 44 9 140 Long 10 ACETIC ACID ACETCACD SL 100 246 0 5 1 23 10 196 Long 15 ACETIC ACID ACETCACD SL 30 74 0 15 0 37 8 636 Long 20 ACETONE ACETONE SL 2000 4760 5 11 90
193. scriptions of these actions Note If Analog Output is turned on in a multi gas application the analyzer presents a second display to select a gas to be assigned to the output Note The display does not show the present condition it shows the condition caused by pressing a number key For example the Control Menu screen below shows that the backlight is presently off pressing 1 turns it on CONTROL MENU Backlight on 4 Analog out on Pump on 5 Alarm clear 3 Sound off OaAnalysis reset yv Contrast adjust Battery 3 55 Esc Exit Control Menu Screen 4 2 Chapter 4 Operation ENTERING ALPHANUMERIC CHARACTERS Some setup and data entry fields use alphanumeric data Entering alphanumeric characters is a two step process For example to get the number 2 or the letters D E or F first press 2 The display then prompts 0 2 1 D 2 E 3 F To enter the letter D press 1 Use the letters printed on each key as a guide MAKING MENU SELECTIONS The usual method of entering a selection is with the number keys The three keys located above the screen provide an alternate selection method that is useful for gloved operation or for one handed operation when the instrument is worn on the hip To use this method press the Menu key until the desired selection is highlighted Then press the Select key to enter the selection or the escape key to exit from the operation als
194. selections on the right Passcode To turn the passcode on or off or to change the passcode press 1 Passcode from the third Analysis Setup Menu The Passcode Menu is displayed Press 1 to turn the passcode feature off 2 to enable the feature or 3 to change the code If 3 is pressed the display requires entering the new passcode The passcode can contain from to 10 digits After entering the new passcode press the ENTER key If the password is accepted enter the password again to verify it If this is also valid the display responds ACCEPTED Log Capacity To configure the log capacity press 2 Log capacity from the third Analysis Setup Menu The Log Capacity Menu is displayed Press 1 to specify the maximum number of sites and 2 to specify the maximum number of locations per site The maximum number of sites can be from 1 to 50 and the maximum number of locations per site from 1 to 200 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Locations To configure the locations press 3 Location List from the Analysis Setup Page 3 The Location Menu shown below is displayed LOCATION SUMMARY LOCATION MI Enabled 1 Mode Ordering As entered 2 Order of list Insert Alphabetical 3 How to insert new locations into list Location Menu Press 1 to select the location mode At the next display press 1 to turn the location function Off or press 2 to Enable the function The display responds ACCEPTED To gain access t
195. slight positive pressure remaining in the tank If so discharge the remaining contents until there is no further audible evidence of gas flow out of the tank remembering always to have the tank nozzle pointed away from the face and body as it is released to atmospheric conditions Appendix F PARTS and ACCESSORIES The following parts and accessories are used with the 205B Series MIRAN SapphIRe Portable Ambient Air Analyzer Style A Note This product may be configured and supplied as an intrinsically safe device Any disassembly of the product or tampering within the analyzer enclosure will negate the intrinsically safe certification Summary of Parts used with this Product Item Part No Part Name 4 CR015AB Air Sampling Hose Assembly 1 2 CR014GZ Battery Pack 1 P0170QW Serial Communication Cable RS 232 C CRO13UJ Shoulder Strap TR101TL Power Supply Single Battery Charger TR101TM Power Supply Dual Battery Charger TR101TN Charger Chassis Interface Cable TR101TK Charger Battery Pack Interface Cable 9 TR101RV Pathlength Changing Tool 1 10 X0173QH Battery Compartment Key 11 TR101ZU Particulate Filters 2 12 TR101PU Zero Gas Filter 4 13 TR101QX Parallel Printer Cable 14 N0249XS Power Cord 115V 15 TR101RW Phillips Screwdriver 16 BK3538 Instruction Manual oo NOGA Legend recommended number recommended Summary of Accessories used with this Product Item Part No Part Name 17 CR014QC Leak Detection a
196. ssembling 06 3 4 Warranty oiean a a a an Si A 1 Waves Properties Of cceesceeseeeseeeteeeeeeeees 13 3 Z Zero Gas Filter Storage and Replacement 10 1 Zero Warning Configuring sesessesseseees0 7 17 Zeroing the Analyzer oni cesacsecessdoacentastechosedeves 5 1 5 5
197. stalled or not e Gas Cell Material e Chopper standard or custom e Detector Material e Filter standard or custom e Intrinsically Safe or not e Pathlength Changer installed or not e Sample Temperature Sensor installed or not e Ambient Temperature Sensor installed or not e Analyzer Control Software Version Chapter 4 Operation ERROR SCREENS The SapphIRe analyzer displays one of several error screens if certain problems occur The message is identified as an ERROR WARNING or ALARM An error beep or continuous alarm also occurs Acknowledge these messages by pressing the ESC or ENTER key The acknowledgment returns the user to the previous screen layer Table 4 3 Error Messages Corrective Action This is a general error message that indicates there was an error during analysis or with an application that doesn t allow the analyzer to continue analysis The second line of this error message indicates specifically what caused the error Numerous fault conditions could result in this error Clock update has This error message indicates that the real time Contactsenice or asiiince failed clock hardware could not be updated This error message may be If any of the measurement flags are generated disabled permanently by during analysis such as invalid purge invalid pressing 1 on this error screen or zero fault calibration overflow calculation jby shutting off the Fault overflow A D overflow underflow this
198. strument If pressure compensation is enabled the user is prompted to enter the ambient pressure prior to running any application Application pres comp ref Applic M E off Pressure Compensation Display 7 32 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup Reference Compensation Summary Since the SapphIRe analyzer is a single beam infrared spectrophotometer any changes to the analyzer which may cause drift are associated as changes to the detector signal compared to the zero signal As the analyzer warms up changes to the electronics the infrared filter and the gas cell affect the data To overcome these subtle changes rezero the analyzer more often Another way to mitigate these effects and to increase the stability of the data is to employ reference compensation Reference compensation repeatedly compares the detector signal at an non absorbing wavelength to the signal at the analytical wavelength The processor then compares these two signals to the associated signal during the zero cycle The analytical wavelength signal is then adjusted if necessary to compensate for any shift Choosing the correct reference wavelength is very important All the calibrations in the fixed library have a reference wavelength of 4 004 microns associated with the calibration By enabling reference compensation the analyzer uses 4 004 microns as the wavelength This wavelength filter was chosen because there are virtually no gases that
199. t spacing position the cursor after the placeholder lt none gt backspace to the sign and enter the desired location up to 12 characters long To enter a second location copy the current line and paste it to a new line Modify this new line as 8 2 Chapter 8 Site Info noted above Repeat this process for as many locations as needed There should be one blank line after the version line and another blank line prior to the end line These locations will be available in all sites and will reside even after the memory is cleared of sites and logged data Examples of standard locations are shown below STANDARD LOCATIONS VERSION 1 LOCATION DINING ROOM LOCATION CLOSET KIT LOCATION CABINETS END 2 Supplemental Locations This is a secondary list of permanent locations that may be loaded into the SapphIRe in the same manner as the standard locations in the setup file under the heading supplemental locations see above for the process The supplemental location could be used if an infrequent location exists i e garage that is not used every monitoring session but may be needed on occasion To use these supplemental locations add them to the active location list These supplemental locations are available only in the site currently open Once the site is closed add these locations once again in the newly created site however the data logged to the supplement locations in the closed site will be visible when the data
200. t General Purpose Index see previous section Always but may change if application changed during site initially value when reset for new site 10 Left justified trailing spaces OEF STEL off 5 minutes 5 minute STEL 10 minutes 10 minute STEL 15 minutes 15 minute STEL Application Gas Group TWA Weight Description When Valid Character size Format Application gas group TWA weight of gas specified by the current General Purpose Index see previous section Always but may change if application changed during site initially value when reset for new site 6 Integer right justified leading spaces 14 15 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 03 to 29 Reserved Description Reserved for future use When Valid Never Character size Not applicable Format Not applicable Field Designator Measurement Data 00 Measurement Data Date DDMMMYY Description Date measurement logged When Valid When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site Character size 7 Format DDMMMYY undefined 01 Measurement Data Date DDMMMYYYY Description Date measurement logged When Valid When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site Character size 9 Format DDMMMYYYY undefined 02 Measurement Data Date MM DD YY Description Date measurement logged When Valid When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site
201. ted by the menu prompts Once the analyzer is zeroed the displayed concentrations for both gases should be substantially zero if the data is to be logged select the option from the displayed menu At this point do not remove the zero filter Instead perform several more complete measurement cycles to confirm a stable zero Typically another minute of operation in this condition is sufficient Attaching the Sampling Accessory After several measurement cycles have elapsed turn off the pump by pressing the CONTROL key and selecting 2 PUMP OFF Note The pump must be off during delivery of the calibration gas With the pump off proceed as follows 1 Attach the tubing sleeve to the INLET port of the analyzer 2 Remove the trigger valve safety tab from the gas tank delivery nozzle E 3 MIRAN SapphlRE Field Performance Verification Kit 3 Slowly squeeze the trigger When the trigger is fully depressed insert the trigger holder as shown in Figure E 3 This holder keeps the gas tank valve open while the test proceeds Once the gas sampling accessory is installed lay the complete assembly down with no further intervention Watch the gas readings climb TRIGGER HOLDER NOZZLE TRIGGER Figure E 3 Inserting the Trigger Holder Caution If during this operation the small capillary tubing is ejected from the nozzle remove the trigger holder to shut off gas flow Then reinsert the tubing making sure to slid
202. ter tabbing to column 60 the date two spaces and the time The easiest way to customize the header is to type the and whatever title required in the header To place other items in the header tab to a specific column by entering _ and a number for example _60 or space to the column to locate the next item To center something in a field enter a vertical bar at the beginning and end of the field To print the current date and time enter a code as follows Table 14 1 Date and Time Codes Thus the first line of the header might read ABC Widget Company _30Toxic Gas Monitor Report _60 20 31 This would print ABC Widget Company Toxic Gas Monitor Report 13MAR98 13 45 To print the designation of the site configured into the analyzer enter SITE 04 If Laboratory C were tested this would print SITE Laboratory C Type END on the next line when the header formatting has been finished 14 2 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting GAS DATA The main part of the report is the gas data section It reports data for each location In the coded format it begins with the words GAS DATA and ends with the word END The standard printed format is shown in Figure 14 1 and the same format as coded in Figure 14 2 REPORT GAS DATA SINGLE SAMPLE LOG SSRS 30 see HRL 31 24 LOCATION AVG FLAGS 20 21 22 45 46 47 Figure 14 2 Gas Data Standard Coded Format The coding in Figure 14 2 is ex
203. the analyzer power on or off Alphanumeric Keys tane Used to select numbered menu items and to make alphanumeric entries own through a menu The Up arrow ES Accepts data entries triggers actions and ENTER ot acknowledges messages Chapter 4 Operation If the analyzer is running on battery power the lower left corner of the display may indicate that the instrument is using battery power as well as the status of the battery See Chapter 7 Preferences to activate or deactivate this feature PASSCODE ACCESS Most operations with the SapphIRe analyzer are not passcode protected However the Analysis section of the Setup Menu can be secured with a passcode The initial passcode is blank The procedure to establish or change a passcode is described in Chapter 7 Passcode Contact the factory if the passcode is lost and assistance is needed CONTROL MENU The Control Menu can be accessed at any time by pressing the Control key The Control Menu screen shown below allows the user to Turn display backlight on or off Turn pump on or off Turn sound error beeps on or off Turn analog output on or off Reset the alarms to inactive If not logging reset analysis interval statistics View battery condition time remaining no battery or invalid data Set screen contrast using the keys PON A ee SS Warning Intrinsically safe models require special actions with respect to these features Refer to Appendix B for de
204. the product name and model the date and time of the site report and the site being reported e The gas data For single sample log contains the name of the gas its HRL and concentration unit the location of the readings the maximum minimum average readings at each date and time along with any alarm flags For a continuous type log contains general statistics and statistics for each gas followed by the information stated immediately above for a single sample log For a spectrum scanning log contains wavelength and absorbance data for region scanned e A footer containing user entered data if any MIRAN SapphiIRe XL 04Jan01 10 15 SITE PLANT A ETO HRL 100 00 ppm LOCATION DATE TIME AVG FLAGS 04Jan01 07 04Jan01 07 04Jan01 07 OBTAINING A CUSTOM REPORT To produce a report with a different format 1 Create a format with a personal computer by downloading the report format from the analyzer to the PC and modifying it to meet specific needs per this section of the manual 2 Sketch out the desired format and Thermo Fisher Scientific will create and sell a customized format disk 14 1 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting HEADER The header appears one time per site In the coded format it begins with the words REPORT HEADER and ends with the word END The standard entry begins 00 Vi eee ae SITE REPORT 60 2sss4ne34 aisses 134s This prints out as MIRAN SapphIRe model number and af
205. tics Measurement Validity Off Description Suppresses columns and trailing separated spaces associated with concentration validity including header lines When Valid Last designator encountered is used Character size 0 Format Not applicable 54 Measurement Statistics STEL Max Off Description Suppresses line for STEL max When Valid Last designator encountered is used Character size 0 Format Not applicable 55 Measurement Statistics Maximum Off Description Suppresses line for maximum concentration When Valid Last designator encountered is used Character size 0 Format Not applicable 56 Measurement Statistics Minimum Off Description Suppresses line for minimum concentration When Valid Last designator encountered is used Character size 0 Format Not applicable 57 Measurement Statistics Average Off Description Suppresses line for average concentration When Valid Last designator encountered is used Character size 0 Format Not applicable 58 to 99 Reserved Description Reserved for future use When Valid Never Character size Not applicable Format Not applicable 14 27 Thermo Fisher Scientific Appendix A Warranty Seller warrants that the Products will operate or perform substantially in conformance with Seller s published specifications and be free from defects in material and workmanship when subjected to normal proper and intended usage by properly trained personnel for the
206. tions menu below The current application is shown on the left and up to five other recent applications on the right Select one of the applications shown or press ENTER to view the Applications Menu to access the standard fixed library single gas or multi gas user library or spectrum scan see Applications menu below Note Ifthe Recent Applications Menu is empty due to a firmware update or a factory reset the analyzer proceeds directly to the Applications Menu Once a selection has made from the Applications Menu scroll the pages with the arrow keys if the choice contains more than one page of selections Make a selection using the MENU and SELECT or the number keys The display responds ACCEPTED If there is more than one page of selections and the analyzer is not in the User Library the analyzer can alternatively go to a search mode by pressing the ENTER key See Primary CURRENT APPLICATION Select applic 1 BUTANE 2 ETHANE 3 FULL L SCAN METHANE 4 XYLENE H 13 1 5 XYLENE L Enter More Recent Applications Menu CURRENT APPLICATION APPLIC MENU 1 Standard lib User libraries METHANE ppm 2 Single gas 3 Multi gas 4 Spectrum scan Applications Menu Application menu below Chapter 6 Change Application CURRENT APPLICATION STANDARD LIB 1 111TRICL 2 11DICLOR 3 12DICLOR METHANE 4 13BUTADI 5 2CLETH More ENTER Search Primary Applications Menu If th
207. tom Report ssssssessessesseessessssressesstssresseestesresseeserssressesrrssressessessees 14 1 AACE E EE S E AE AE ENE A EE S A A a anetoenees 14 2 Gas Data seeria a e A 9 alae fae aa tata 14 3 Footers lae hanan a E ead a a a bg oa age da aaiae 14 4 R port Entry Fieldsssenrenernian lane a aaa ea ai a aa Eaa aN AN aaa 14 4 Coding Guides 2s ee aeta he a Na E E A A E E 14 5 App ndix A Warranty sseicsicissacsudsssvausceseasevdessvseacsouadesi nena vendesacoues svvseasdoanssvaessvavecsseuee A 1 Appendix B Intrinsic Safety sseesssesssccssecesocesocesoocssoccssocessocesocesoocesocessecesocssooeesosesse B 1 Appendix C Scan Calibration Procedure sseessocssoccssecesocesocesoocessecssocssocesoosssoeesse C 1 TAO UC COU eiaei EE a A EEO A EEA OEA E A EE C 1 A Greate a LOS CIN SUC ssc chk svtea sib stacey tieni iien na aa a Sheet C 2 B Perform a Peak Pick or Full Spectrum Scan ceesssccesscsssssssscscssecsscesncesnecsees C 3 C Download Data From the Analyzer to a PC ceececccccssecstecesecseeeeescecseeceseeneeeeeaees C 5 Di Analyze the Spectrum a sass sted decreas AE ra a aa a a EAR ss C 6 E Create a New Single Gas or Multi Gas Library Application 0 ccceseeeeee C 6 Fi ACAI ARO ss ages a acer eeu ase E E E E cass sone veune eaves ae EE ane C 10 G Generate the P Matrix 15 1g c dans aves aheceaeenanatnasesetcsmaecue lange ough arate ane eaes C 11 H Enter P MTRIX into the Analyzer and Verify Calibration Acc
208. tteries bulbs and other such expendable items are expressly excluded from the warranty under this warranty Notwithstanding the foregoing Products supplied by Seller that are obtained by Seller from an original manufacturer or third party supplier are not warranted by Seller but Seller agrees to assign to Buyer any warranty rights in such Product that Seller may have from the original manufacturer or third party supplier to the extent such assignment is allowed by such original manufacturer or third party supplier In no event shall Seller have any obligation to make repairs replacements or corrections required in whole or in part as the result of i normal wear and tear ii accident disaster or event of force majeure iii misuse fault or negligence of or by Buyer iv use of the Products in a manner for which Warranty A 1 they were not designed v causes external to the Products such as but not limited to power failure or electrical power surges vi improper storage and handling of the Products or vii use of the Products in combination with equipment or software not supplied by Seller If Seller determines that Products for which Buyer has requested warranty services are not covered by the warranty hereunder Buyer shall pay or reimburse Seller for all costs of investigating and responding to such request at Seller s then prevailing time and materials rates If Seller provides repair services or replacement parts that are
209. un time potential If the battery is typically run to complete or near complete discharge before recharging it the conditioning procedure is not required If the battery is typically run to only a partial discharge before recharging then the battery should be conditioned every 5 to 10 cycles The conditioning procedure is similar to the Battery Indicator Calibration procedure except delete Step 2 3 8 Chapter 3 Instrument Preparation ANALYZER OUTPUT CONNECTIONS The power and signal connection panel is located behind a hinged door on the analyzer It contains a parallel port for output to a printer a serial port for connections to a PC and an output connection to provide 0 to 1 V dc analog and relay contact output See Figure 3 8 for the location of each Latch Firmware Update Switch ee SERIAL RS232 PARALLEL PRINTER Figure 3 8 Location of Output Connections 3 9 Chapter 4 OPERATION CONTROLS AND DISPLAY Operator controls and display are located on the front panel of the analyzer Figure 4 1 shows the panel arrangement Table 4 1 identifies the function of each key on the panel MIRAN SapphiRe Figure 4 1 Controls and Display Table 4 1 Function of Control Keys MENU Key MENU MENU Key BD sos through the choices in a menu SELECT Key Enters a highlighted menu choice Duplicates the s ENTER key CONTROL Key Toggles the Control menu to set various analyzer features on and off ON OEE Rey Turns
210. uracy C 13 vil Appendix D Humidity Compensation Table sccssssccssssscsssscsssscssssccssssseseees D 1 Appendix E MIRAN SapphIRe Field Performance Verification Kit E 1 CCHIT Al se ptosis anaes at acne inl i oe E e ahh SA it mle E tall oe E 1 THO CIC EOIN See cae e e a seas a A EA os seasons Seman E 1 Instrument C ONT OUratOn sistro noroi ieii en ERE EEEE Ei E 2 Configuring the Gas Sampling ACCessory sssssessesseessessseseosseesreseesseeseseesseessesersseesse E 2 Gas Chall enderim ede aE N gee EET E R E a a C EE E 3 Appendix F Parts and Accessories e ssseesseessoossoosssoessseessoossoosssossssesssesssoossoosssssesse F 1 Appendix G Using Hyperterminal With the MIRAN SpphIRe Analyzer G 1 Appendix H Standare Libraries esssesssesssecssocesocesoocesoeessecssocesocesoocesseessecesocesooseso H 1 viii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION GENERAL DESCRIPTION The MIRAN SapphIRe family of lightweight portable ambient air analyzers consists of a group of infrared instruments that can monitor ambient air in workplace environments for the purpose of detecting the presence of gases Figure 1 1 The family includes three models all of which are available in intrinsically safe versions Some of the major differences among models are shown in fable 1 1 Figure 1 1 SapphIRe Table 1 1 Feature Comparison of Various Models Fente Sapph
211. ured When done press the ESC key For more information on calibration parameters of multicomponent applications see LAD 001 036 Save Changes to Library If the current application has been changed from the library the display prompts Application is changed and asks Save changes to library Press ENTER to Save ESC to not save Note For step by step calibration procedures see Appendix E Scan Calibration Procedure 7 41 Chapter 8 SITE INFO Sites and locations are storage locations for logged data within the SapphIRe memory A site is the collection point for logged data concentration date time absorbance data and possibly locations A location is specific identity assigned to logged data Note PCIP is a DOS program If there is a communication problems in a Windows environment it may be necessary to restart the computer in DOS mode Contact the local MIS staff or Thermo Fisher Scientific if problems persist SITES Before any data can be logged a site must be created through the keypad of the SapphIRe see steps that follow and the logging parameters must be configured This site holds all of the data that has been logged until a new site is created or the existing is site is erased When a new site is created the current site and logged data is not lost only closed The analyzer warns of this when a new site is created The data may be still be accessed by downloading to the compute
212. us section When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 6 Right Justified leading spaces undefined 24 Measurement Data Concentration Unit Description When Valid Character size Format 25 to 39 Reserved Description When Valid Character size Format Concentration units active during the data logging interval When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 3 Left justified trailing spaces undefined ppb ppb ppm ppm Percent mgm mg m 3 Reserved for future use Never Not applicable Not applicable 14 19 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 40 Measurement Data Validity Flags Okay Fault Alarm Description When Valid Character size Format Concentration validity flags measured during the data logging interval When data logged for site initially first value logged for a site 15 Left justified trailing spaces undefined OKAY No fault or alarm detected FAULT Fault detected but no alarm HIGH_ALARM High alarm only detected no fault LOW_ALARM Low alarm only detected no fault STEL_ALARM STEL alarm only detected no fault HIGH amp STEL_ALARM High and STEL alarm detected no fault LOW amp STEL_ ALARM Low and STEL alarm detected no fault FAULT amp HIGH_ALRM Fault and high alarm detected FAULT amp LOW_ALARM Fault and low alarm detected FAULT amp STEL_ALRM
213. uto and 2 Manual In Auto Mode when a zero has been performed a valid zero is automatically saved 1 Zero save and the next prompt displayed In Manual Mode when a zero has been performed there is a prompt that the zero is valid and instructed to Save or Repeat Zero see Chapter 5 Save Zero Display screen Data View enables viewing the data described in Chapter 5 To Begin Analysis by using the arrow keys Pressing 1 Data View Automatically logs if and when an alarm or fault or both occurs Press 1 Off to turn off this feature 2 On to log at an alarm or a fault 3 On alarm only to log at an alarm and 4 On fault only to log at a fault Specifies the type of notification received if a fault occurs Press 1 eee er ee None if only a symbol should be displayed 2 Beep if an audible signal is also desired and 3 Error Screen if an error screen is desired in addition to the symbol and beep 5 Alarm Specifies the type of notification received provide a concentration action alarm occurs Selections are the same as Fault Action Pueta Enables receiving a P display indicator if a purge is not completed 8 8 Press 1 Off to turn off this feature and 2 Enabled to enable it 3 Log Warning Pressing 2 Locations If this is chosen the various data can still be viewed by using the 6 and 9 keys as arrow keys Arrow keys Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup ANALYSIS SETUP PAGE 2 To continu
214. x F Parts and Accessories Accessories used with the 205B Series Field Performance Verification Kit Part No CRO14LG Analyzer Style A Leak Detection and Sampling Wand y ey Part No CR014QC Transportation Carrying Case Part No CR013XM Gas Delivery System Part No CRO14MA i gt OE Closed Loop Calibration System i TE 120V 50 60 Hz Part No 071 5707 Cylinder to N20 and SF6 Mixture in Air 220V 50 60 Hz Part No 071 5752 Part No CR014LN Analog Output Cable Part No CR013VQ 12V Charger Adapter Cable Part No TR101TP F 5 Appendix F Parts and Accessories Appendix G USING HYPERTERMINAL with the MIRAN SAPPHIRE The MIRAN SapphIRe is shipped with a Windows based ThermoConnect program which is the primary program used to transfer data between the analyzer and a PC using an RS 232 connection ThermoConnect does not work on some newer PCs running the Windows operating system As an alternative a 3 party terminal program may be used instead of ThermoConnect Any terminal program that is known to work under the operating system may be used to communicate with the analyzer The SapphIRe supports communications with a 3 party terminal using the TEXT MANUAL transfer protocol Hyperterminal is the most widely available terminal program it ships with Windows 95 98 ME and Windows NT 2000 To start up Hyperterminal choose Start Programs Accessories HyperTerminal then double click on the H
215. x but may be decreased to 1 by users report Left justified trailing spaces All if entry undefined Entry size 0 14 9 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting Field Designator General Information 00 Product Name Description When Valid Character size Format 01 Product Model Description When Valid Character size Format 02 Serial Number Description When Valid Character size Format Product name from configuration alphanumeric Always 15 Left justified trailing spaces Product model from configuration alphanumeric Always 15 Left justified trailing spaces Serial number alphanumeric Always 15 Left justified trailing spaces 03 Firmware Version Description When Valid Character size Format 04 Site Name Description When Valid Character size Format 05 Logging Mode Description When Valid Character size Format Firmware version alphanumeric Always 15 Left justified trailing spaces User entered site name Always 12 Left justified trailing spaces lt none gt No site name entered Logging Mode Always but may change if value changed during site initially value when reset for new site 13 OLE No logging Single sample One sample per location Continuous Continuous sampling of a location 14 10 Chapter 14 Custom Report Formatting 06 Logging Interval Description When Valid Character size Format The t
216. y at a selected wavelength through a sample of the substance and by measuring how much infrared energy gets through the sample This section explains why this technique works by examining how atoms move and absorb energy Molecular Vibration All substances are made up of atoms and molecules Molecules are made up of two or more atoms held together by electrical forces to form chemical bonds All molecules are dynamic which means they are always in motion One type of molecular motion is caused by the vibration of the atoms where they are bonded These bonds can stretch or wag back and forth The degree of molecular vibration or movement depends on the atoms their bonds and the amount of energy available This motion is natural and occurs all the time When a group of molecular atoms stretches or wags back and forth it does so at a particular frequency 13 4 Chapter 13 Infrared Spectroscopy Tutorial Vibrational Bending and Stretching Vibrations can involve either a change of bond length stretching or bond angle bending Figure 13 4 Figure 13 4 Molecular Bending and Stretching Stretching can be either asymmetrical or symmetrical Figure 13 5 Figure 13 5 Asymmetrical vs Symmetrical Stretching Bending can be described in four separate modes Figure 13 6 Lai p p Figure 13 6 Molecular Bending Three important facts follow from the above 1 Only the vibrations of a molecule s bonds can absorb infrared energy 2 T
217. yed The last time interval configured is shown on the display If this is the time interval for the present application press ESC The display returns to the Application Setup Menu To change the time interval press 1 The STEL Time Select Menu is displayed see STEL Time Select menu below Select the time interval for the application Off 5 10 or 15 minutes The display responds ACCEPTED and then return to the Application Setup Menu 7 24 Chapter 7 Configuration and Setup METHANE SUMMARY HRL 100 0ppm High 100 0ppm Low 50 00ppm Select gas STEL time 15 minutes STEL 5 00ppm 15min 1 Off 2 5 min 3 10 minutes 4 15 minutes Twawt MolWt Off 16 0 Gasl D Off STEL Time Select Menu APPLICATION VIEW AND EDIT Application View and Edit allows a more extensive view and edit procedure for the currently selected application A flow chart of the configuration is shown in the Application View and Edit Flow Chart below Note Fixed library applications cannot be modified Application View and Edit Application Type Gas Summary Temperature Comp Pathlength Primary Name Gas Name Dwell Time _ Secondary Name Gas Unit Batch Sampling Mode Gas Number Gas High Range Limit Pressure Comp Meas Absorb gt Conc GTWA Mode Gas High Alarm Level Wavelength Absorbance Matrix Parameters Gas Low Alarm Level Gas STEL Alarm Level Gas STEL Time Interva
218. ypertrm exe icon If the Hyperterminal folder doesn t exist it s because the communications package was not installed when Windows was installed Hyperterminal may be installed by going into Windows Setup and selecting the Communications package to install it Once running type a name for the new connection any name is acceptable then click OK Under the Phone Number window set the Connect Using field to Direct to Com X set X to whatever COM port the SapphIRe is connected to then click OK Phone Number 20x D SapphlRe Enter details for the phone number that you want to dial Country code v Area code 508 Phone number Connect using iama ag Ka Cancel Next the port settings must be set on the properties screen Hyperterminal must be set up with the proper settings to be able to talk to the analyzer G 1 Appendix G Using Hyperterminal with the MIRAN SapphliRe COM1 Properties 24 x Port Settings Bits per second fis200 o Data bits E 7 Parity oao Stop bits fi x Flow control Xon xoff Restore Defaults Note The SapphIRe baud rate is user selectable While 19 200 baud is optimum it may not be correct The terminal program should be set to match the analyzer under 5 Report Data 3 Data transfer 2 Change baud The analyzer must be configured for TEXT MANUAL transfer protocol before using a 3 party terminal application From the main menu thi

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