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Washington Apple Pi Journal, October 1983

1. word will then be shown with the word in question v displayed in inverse video To ignore a word press 12 Extra Hires Green Monitor the Space key once again and the next word will be f displayed Transtar 120 Letter Qual Portable To correct a word press the Return key and you will ranstar 315 7 Color Printer be invited to type in the correct spelling of the asic Dot Matrix Printer word Once this has been done simply press the Return key again and the correction will be entered and the next misspelled word if any will be shown If you want to add a qiven word to a supplemental dictionary press the Control and Space keys at the same time F 9 Voice Music Card Lexicheck is an excellent program and it interacts arallel Printer Cards w Cable superbly with Word Juggler also with Graphics Dump SUMMARY Complete 300 baud Modem While Word Juggler lacks some of the refinements of M QA u a WordStar Palantir Benchmark Final Word and other CP M based word processors it should be a highly 6327 Western Ave NW 363 1313 competent performer for most purposes Its limited Washington DC 20015 a m amp eves edit screen work space makes it somewhat inconvenient for long reports but Word Juggler s other features should make it very attractive for small to medium sized businesses as well as for other professional and home uses 4 uim MER TU eee wa T ae
2. Ano FRI D CESTA ER The Voice Activated VALE di Home Control System a For the Apple iiM Waldo has as standard features Waldo is voice recognition Note Waldo s speaking voice is optional a multi function circuit board with a complete software e real time clock calendar with battery backup for continuous package operotion easily plugged into any Apple Il computer e BSI X 1O home control interface with master and remote a voice link between you and your computer contro modules a control link between your computer and e stereo music and vast and varied sound effect capabilities your home a disc with a full library of application programs incuding the e the heart of a system that will be expanded with HOUSEMASTER voice time control program depicted above a variety of plug in components and new software a complete operating manual Apple Il i a rogistered tradomark of Applo Computor Inc FO 8 OOS OO OR On OF OD UR UO UE OD QD CD OS ND UP 88S M P P m m m n SOS 888 SSCS SOS e SS SSeS SSeS ewes Seesaw OU Un m C m m m m m m i e m say H Pleose send me Method of Payment ME Zs as H 2 WALDO mon board with standard features 899 00 Check or money order COL t VOICE robo type synthesized voice 199 00 Z Visa Mastercard Address Apt ig 8 C Additional information COD add 5 00 Ov State iol Mat to ARTRA INC PO Box 653 aca es Mom vso Mosercads 7 bo date 1 Arlington VA 2221
3. 0 cece eee es 19 95 15 95 PFS File esee re 125 00 89 95 Spy s Demise 0008 19 95 15 95 PFS Report Lsss 95 00 74 95 Pie Mani eur hole A ede IP 19 95 15 95 PFS Graph 0 eee cee eee 125 00 89 95 Serpentine 0 eee 34 95 25 95 Word Handler 199 00 144 95 Zork I Il or Il oo eee eee 39 95 29 50 DB Master 0000 229 00 CALL Star Blazer 0 eee 31 95 22 95 LISA 2 83 80 See kd hie he aks 79 95 63 50 Repton is ioscan vere ehe siti ees 39 95 29 50 GraForth cece cece ee 75 00 56 95 Pinball Construction Set 39 95 29 50 The Graphics Magician 59 95 44 95 Deadline 0 cece eee 49 95 37 95 Arcade Machine 59 95 44 95 Jawbreaker 0 ce eee eee 29 95 21 50 Cytron Masters 000ee 39 95 29 50 HARDWARE StarCr0SS cone IRR EFE 39 95 29 50 16K RAM Card 0 149 00 59 95 Prisoner 2 eese yea 32 95 24 95 Adam amp Eve Paddles 39 95 29 95 Robot War 0 cece eee 39 95 29 50 Sirius Joyport 0 49 95 39 95 Apple Panic 00 cee eee 29 95 20 95 TG Select a port 59 95 44 95 Battle for Normandy 39 95 29 50 System Saver Fan 89 95 69 95 Laf Paks sak iisaser ene ciated 34 95 25 95 Grapplerll 000 165 00 124 95 Falcons eei ERE
4. 5 WE HAVE WHAT WE ADVERTISE id T No bait and switch here If the item is not in stock we ll order it for you at the price quoted 6 WE SELL AT MAIL ORDER PRICES Compare our prices with mail order sellers and you ll see our prices are very competitive with theirs but at THE MICRO CONNECTION you don t have to wait 4 to 6 weeks for delivery or send your check to a mail drop 7 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Call us with a question and you ll see how we i heip you get the question resoived so you can buy i with confidence 8 SERVICE WORK DONE RIGHT HERE Not 5 states away Mail order dealers make you pack and ship it back to the repair facility If a problem develops after the sale we re here to help you right away ic Ss 9 READ THE FINE PRINT OF OTHER ADS Sone and you ll buy from us fearas 4 F ene amp ANY n ewt STORE HOURS 10 A M to 6 P M Monday thru Saturday WATCH FOR OUR NEW STORE IN ALEXANDRIA SPRINGFIELD OPEN NOVEMBER 83 We re our FULL SERVICE DISCOUNT Micro Computer WAREHOUSE DON T OVERPAY CALL THE DISCOUNTERS AT THE MICRO CONNECTION 320 A MAPLE AVENUE EAST VIENNA VA 22180 PHONE 281 1866 30 October 1983 Washington Applo PI COMPUTERS PRINTERS SOFTWARE amp ACCESSORIES WE VE GOT EM e DISK DRIVES Rana Elite One 289 5 MB Hard Disk 1 499 10 MB Hard Disk 1 899 MODEMS H Micromodem II 269 Hayes M M
5. B D and A B B B C C B D Letting 8B 1 0 C 0 00 and D 1000 0 the calculations in Apple Pascal yield 9 5567E 4 for the first case and 1 072883E 3 for the second If you are wondering which value is correct neither is The correct value for A is 001000001 It appears that 7 significant digits is not sufficient for the above calculations Depending on the computer application active measures may or may not be employed for controlling round off error A major factor which prevents round off error from being a constant problem in the engineering pro fession is the desired accuracy of the results For typical engineering problems input data and coef fi cients of equations usually have known accuracies of not more than 3 or 4 significant digits It is not practical to use precision that gives results with computational accuracy greater than that of the input data However there are certain algorithms that are susceptible to round of f requiring greater preci sion The accounting and banking professions have special techniques and software including extended precision for preventing computational inaccuracies and controlling round off error contd October 1983 25 When round off error is suspected of being the source of poor results extended precision is often used to reduce the error Converting to extended precision Involves increasing the number of significant digits of floating point variables a
6. Volume 5 October 1985 MEERI Um YOUR APPLE BEAT ING ROUND the FEW APPLE some APPLE PROCESSORS GFF DOS HAS ARRIVED f e COTFAT IBLE WORD In This Issue Officers amp Staff Editorial Event Queue General Information President s Corner o o ee David loomed Program Previews 6 e ss oo Cara Cira WAP Hotline Dealer s Corner SIGNews EDSIG News Special Events DISABLEDSIG News Commercial Software Lipses Letter to the Editor Job Mart Classifieds A Page from the Stack a Speeding Up Your Apple Feeding at the Trough PIGNews Games People PLay Two Reviews Jay M Thal EUN gi Bob Hicks mq Field Reker C Platt 1 Ed Knepley Michael Hartman 2 Leslie Shriner 22 Beating Round Off e e Costa S Vatikiotis Two Pascal Book Reviews Robert C Platt The Friday Report Leon H Raes y ESCaping with GPLE James T Tom DeMay Jr Printer GOSUB Routines C Swift Prop Double Take Mysteries Solved Bob Anderson ScreenWriter Hotline Peter Combes The New Apple DOS Has Arrived William C Jacobson Gutenberg Word Processor A Review C K Mesztenyi More on WordStar Epson e Ted Rockwell Some e Compatible Word Proc William C Jacobson Am What Am And What Am Am John Love Apple e Okidata Print Commands Lewis Aronow Superscripts ScreenWriter Epson David C Eldridge Library Mail Order Form Tutori
7. 18 TOF 19 ACT UNDERLINE 20 DEACT UNDERLN 21 ACT WIDETYPE 22 DEACT WIDETYPE PRINT gt NORMAL NOTES The changed to values in Lines 15 and 16 can easily be fit your own needs If you do this be Washington Apple Pi ROUT INES Prop Sure to mane the appropriate changes in Lines 200 and 210 Line 240 suggests starting your program at Line 500 This is arbitrary and may be changed PROVIDED you start at a line number higher than Line 280 And one last thought don t forget to slip a PREI Into our program MOUBLE TAKE MYSTERIES SOLVED by Bob Anderson In the September issue of WAP did a review of the Double Take Utility disk published by the Beagle Brothers had tried to use the Ampersand version of the list utility in a text capture program and got strange results n addition there was a problem in trying to use the utilities with Diversi DOS The answer to my query returned the other day The utili ties were written to work in the immediate mode onl y There are zero page conflicts with DOS 3 5 otherwise the utility and DOS attempt to use the same memory locations in the zero page for temporary storage Beagle Brothers is aware of the problem with Diversi DOS and has an update available Just return your purchased disk to them for a free update amp Let EFHutton talk to your computer e Huttonline investment Briefs e Hutton Research Information Electronic M
8. Coupon Valid Thru 12 21 85 95 Store Hours 10 AM to 6 PM Monday thru Saturday DON T OVERPAY CALL THE DISCOUNTERS AT THE MICRO CONNECTION 320 A MARRE AVENUE EAST VIENNA VA 22180 281 1866 October 1985 Washington Apple Pi 3 c amp 861 J2eqo459 Id 9ej1ddy voybulysen END PROCEDURE BACKSUB Returns solution in force vector EEGIN FOR I N TO 1 DO BEGIN Normal precision beck substi tution NP C B 1 NP IPI N NP THEN DO NOTHING NP HSE KR J I TO N IO NP C C A 1 7 63 1 WP H I s C A 1 1 Extended precision back substitution cep HEP 1 CX Ex i IPI N TEN DO WOME ELSE FOR J I 1 TO N IO BEGIN EP AEP I J aX 1 J FeP J Ex J MP 00 0 EP CEP CX DUMEP DUMK CEP CX 0 END EP CEP CX AEP I I AX I I HEP 2 EX 1 0 H By HH HH END ASSIAn ELIMTRATITOR REWRITE G CONSOLE G defined as text in EXIPREC unit N M Sets size of natrices Input linear systen aus 0 00003 Al1 2 3 00000 H1 2 900001 2 1 J 1 00000 AL2 2 1 00000 H2 1 000000 Stretch input to extended precision o om D Sut J Az8 1 2 ax 1 2 0 hed TO N ID G ov ds 93s ag Ta asd n GAUSSELIM Solve linear system Print the solution WRITELN G SOLUTION FOLLOWS FOR Kr 1 TO N DO BEGIN SH X K gz K zx K 0 Shorten extended to mmal pr
9. The following program is an Apple Pascal intrinsic unit for performing Ij 9 NM extended precision operations with 16 significant digits efer to the END Apple Pascal Language System documentation for attaching EXIPRIC to a ED library PROCEDURE MU Multiplication s Compiler swapping option EEGIN IF 11 0 oR 2220 Muttiplying by zero UNIT EXIPREC INTRINSIC CODE 23 DATA 24 THEN EEGIN I5 20 If s product equals zero INTERFACE N3 0 EXNXMU Return to main TYPE N INTEGER 16 END K E160 VARG TEXT Used to def output file in main program for VU Ki e I1 12 Calc product mantissa to 33 digits N3 9 Nl4N2 Calc exponent of product PROCEDURE EP IT1 BGN N DITEGER S1 CHAR I2 BON N2 CUER MM KI DIV E160 Scale dow mantissa to 17 digits VAR I3 BGN VAR N3 INTEGER P INTEGER NM M5 DIV 10 Round off mantissa IF MM DIV 2 0 PROCEDURE SI X REAL VAR ID BQN VAR N INTEGER P INTEGER THEN I5 NM If 16 digits then clay EISE BEGIN PROCEDURE SH VAR X REAL ID QN N P INTEGER N3 Not If 17 digits then incr exp by 1 MM 305 DIV 10 and divide mantissa by 10 PROCEDURE ESCRIXC BGN IC INTEGER VAR RE BCN VAR IRT INTEGER P INTEGER I5 MM PROCEDURE VU ID BQN N INTEGER END an TSPLEMENTATION PROCEDURE AS Addition and Subtraction VAR J1 J2 INTEGER 17 PROCEDURE EP Performs arithmetic operations i f EEGIN CONST E16 1000000000000000 IF Ii 0 oR I2
10. USI PI 2 12 green anti glare screen 20 Mhz PI 3 12 amber anti glare screen 20 Mhz MODEHS Hayes Micromodea II with Hayes terainal progras Sgartaoden 300 300 baud RS 232 direct connect Srartaodes 1200 300 1200 baud as above Novation Apple Cat II w Coaware 1200 baud capable Soart Cat 300 RS 232 direct connect Soart Cat 300 1200 as above J Cat 300 miniature RS 232 direct connect SSM ModemCard 300 baud audio monitor emulates Hayes US Robotics Password 300 1200 baud auto dial answer Anchor Autonation 300 baud RS 232 direct connect PRINTERS Epson FX 80 160 cps tractor single sheet graphics FX 100 uide carriage version of the abovel MX 80F T 100 cps tractor single sheet graphics MX 100 wide carriage version of the above Okidata 92 1 amp 0 cps graphics BEST print for price 93 132 caluan version of above IDS Microprisa 110 cps prop spacing excellent print Prisa 80 200 cps buffer correspondence quality 1 Prisa 132 wide carriage version af above NEC 8023 120 cps tractor sheet sase as Prowriter Gesini 10X 120 cps tractor single sheet graphics 15 wide carriage same features as Epson MX 315 465 Itoh F 10 Starwriter 40 cps daisywheel Quae conpat 1099 Transtar 140 40 cps daisywheel sase as Itoh F 10 130 18 cps daisywheel BEST low cost unit Silver Reed 500 14 cps daisywheel goodbye typewriter 1 NEC 7710 55 cps dai
11. wi 80 the classic eessetoesneseeseeeseenane 0 MX 100 friction tractor 32 columns RX 80 100 cps tractor feed sess 329 NEC 8023A 839065020858405582225409909850609295589908 384 Okidata 92A 160 cps correspondence sode 93A wide carriage aodel of above IDS Prism 80 3 4K buffer 200 cps e 999 Prisa 132 96509860598020352a808048002922 8092992089 C Itoh ProWriter ccscccccccccscvcnccovenss ProWriter H 6 9908888600098050286082888259 685 INTERFACES AND PRINT BUFFERS Pkaso printer interface eere 139 Pipeline buffer random access printing 174 Grappler interface with graphics 129 Wizard BPO 16K buffer with graphics 139 Microfazer by Quadraa universal 8 to 512 K call Keytronic Detached Keyboard eene Mini Kas ette library case hard plastic for 10 disks 5 colors color code your library 2 50 122212 2221112212222221212121222222 22 222 02 2220 1000231 ALSO AVAILABLE COMPUTERS Atari Northstar MEC Cosaodore Zenith HARD DISK SYSTEMS Corvus Rana Davong etc LETTER QUALITY PRINTERS C Itoh NEC duse etc TERMINALS Televideo ADDS etc TZZ222z2222z2z2222222220222z2z2222202z22222222z22z2z22222222Z202022202222Z20202220222z222222 2002Z22222z2z205222 2222220220222z20 E52Z2222022Z2222z2z2z22 7 We also carry hard software for IBM Atari TI Osborne Comaodore etc Al iteas carry full aanufacturer s warranty say pick up order
12. 35 and receive the 1ith box free Verbatim head cleaning kits 3 00 Thunderbombs 15 00 Okidata Microline 92 485 00 NEC 80234 Printer 420 00 Grappler with purchase of printer cc2 122 50 Micro Sci Disk Drive A2 240 00 Full line of Spinnaker 35 off Edufun Xerox Plato and some MECC SOftware ccoos ec SOA Off Critical Mass 24 00 E Z Learner 24 00 The Serpent s Star 24 00 The Arcade Machine 34 00 ane Word Handler II 120 00 EPEE TERT 40 80 amnnceoetstnw ue s 70 00 LEsurance Diagnostic Controller Card 85 00 dBase II o9 n a 8 8 G 9 B 9 GO 9 5 9 9 430 00 Epoch 989 9 WR 9 9 Vn 9 O C P O 9 22 00 Frazzle 50 9 n Ww 5B OB 9 W B B W X 5B Cn 15 00 spopirfter eoccnnasuascscesuseuse 22200 u ueo 9c s O 5b u 9 9 RN 8 9 M 9 9 m V 8 9 B W 9 15 00 Dine War 90 n 9 9 9 e 9 15 00 Three Mile Island 24 00 Hyperspace Wars 19 00 Free Fall veo s ww u OG O B 9 9 9 9 9 9 ww 19 00 Frogger 2e2a2o2 222 c 22200 Mouskattack 22 00 Beagle Bag 20 00 Bil Budge s Space Album 23 00 Canyon Climber 19 00 The Dark Crystal 24 00 Letter
13. HSE ESIN KP C a C A K K NP RR TE no ic NP 1 J ALI J alk J NP ae HILHK e NP END Extended precision reduction EP CeP AER I K CX Sd EP IF P 0 EP THEN DO NOTHING EP ELSE EEGIN EP EP CEP CX AEP K K AX K K CEP CX 0 EP a ma EP K JJ AX K J i CEP CX DUMEP DUMX EP cicero Op oes epe t HS EP END EP P E K EX K CEP CX EP DUMX O EP eso ere dta EP H END END k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k kk x a k k k k KE KE k k k kook k KO k k ox TURRIS EBORA COMPUTER Special EPS derached keyboard zey j We will meet or beat other current prices in this newsletter ACCESSORIES Calif Comp mus asynchronous serial 114 Kensington Systeas Saver Fan cscccsscoveseceees MicroSoft 16K RAN card 9 99 0950068024408a260 580095809208090292980 bb 1 80 Softcard with CP N 0932a02000002020090900027 214 Presiua iue above plus Videx 80 coluan card Softswitch and Osborne CP M sanual 4 Softcard Ile 1 80 64K 80 col on one card 329 TB Products Base Paddles Joy Stick secos 2B 42 Track Ball 2 24e eo eroi eren hok roni mo 42 Select A Port cscscccsecssscnscevvenescescs 40 Videx Enhancer II try it with the function strip 99 Ultratera 160 colusn display eios 274 Videotera BO coluan card seco esos 237 Wesper Wizard 16K RAM card 2 year warranty 64 Wizard 80 coluan card mo TT
14. RT Efficient use of memory with respect to programming and to the number of variables is emphasized because of the additional memory needed by EXTPREC Extended pre cision operations using EXTPREC are slower than norma precision but considering the alternative speed should not be an issue As stated previously extended precision is an effec tive means of reducing round off error The value of the EXTPREC unit is that it provides extended preci sion capability to Apple s implementation of UCSD Pascal that otherwise would not be available contd on pa 26 Feeding at the Trough contd from pg 21 DCCONTROL TEXT DCCTL TEXT Paul H Kimpel Here we have yet another assembly language program for talking to 1 0 devices This is a terminal emulator program which controls communications between an external console and a modem with optional echoing to a printer The author has written the program for CCS 7710A Asynchronous Serial Interfaces in slot 3 CON SOLE and slot 1 PRINTER and an Apple Communica tions Card in slot 2 REMIN REMOUT a combination unlikely to be duplicated though it would be possible to adapt it to your own hardware But the program is well worth looking at for the way in which Paul hand les the polling of the devices and the queueing of 1 0 In both directions nicely accomodating the widely different baud rates of the three devices DCCONTROL TEXT is the Pascal host which simply calis the as
15. Word Juggler and other processors which offer far superior form letter mail list functions Two manuals come with the AW package one for general program operations the other for WPL Both are superbly designed and written with many illustrations and well conceived tutorials These and the other excellent manuals for the e represent software docu mentation at its best It is nearly impossible to get a response from Apple about the software that they market directly and most retailers are not expert enough with a given package to provide any technical assistance Of four letters sent to Apple in the past year received a re sponse to only one of them and that was six months in arriving You can try Apple s Charlotte regional technical assistance group but they are very over loaded and continually refer you to a dealer for help If you have questions or problems involving AW your best source of information is a fellow user SUMMARY As can be seen from the summary table af the beginning of this article none of the three processors reviewed can duplicate the varied and sophisticated features of WordStar But WordStar is very expensive and one must be a prodigious writer to justify its cost have seen discount prices of 395 for a package that contains WordStar Mailmerge SpellStar and Starindex the latter being a program for generat ing tables of contents and indexes If you do not already have a CP M card for your
16. boys have sustained interest and girls do not This year the Astrovision machines have been joined by two Apples The work on Graphics Arts has been com plemented by work on Language Arts The program Keyboard Fun had let children explore the keyboard and again different children started to explore different things Story Teller was popular the chitd uses shapes to make and color a picture and can then write up to 4 lines of text to match it Apple Writer was used with 5 year olds who typed in the words they wanted In Star Gazer children chose constellations renamed them and wrote stories about them on Applewriter It was planned to use Label Maker from MECC to make banners They were hoping to use Electronic Mail that would enable each child to write a message to another LOGO was used extensively Ideally they would like to have the computer in an alcove in the classroom as a standard piece of equipment rather than as an add on However there was a security problem and a space problem it would also be nice to have a qraphics board continuing and they intended fo find out how one could measure real learning Examining how children paired off was also planned Betty Hansen described her work at the University Park Elementar y School with the Rainbow Room started as a multi purpose resource room and now very much concentrating on mathematics manipulation and comput ers Research was Every
17. document imbedding configuration commands Into the text of a The weaknesses of AW are equally significant Keystrokes are not immediately echoed to the screen There is an annoying short delay from entry to dis play on the screen This delay becomes even more evident when the size of the file in memory increases or one attempts to insert data in the middle of exist ing text This type of problem also exists in the cursor movement mode which has an incredib y annoy ing jerky motion The delete function has been improved somewhat with the advent of the DELETE key on the e This func tion is still very awkward to use because of the AW convention that text can be deleted only from right to left This makes editing a real pain particularly if there is considerable editing to do The jerky motion of the cursor makes accurate deletion using the left cursor key nearly impossible An advantage to the AW delete convention is the auto matic saving of any deletions in a special memory buffer Thus if you inadvertantly remove text It can be restored simply by reversing the direction of the cursor while holding down the Open Apple key The edit screen displays only 12 lines during initial data entry The assumed reason for this is the need to create space for the window or split screen fea ture of AW However other programs have split screen capabilities yet allow a full complement of lines on their screens for normal te
18. form iet ters or mailing labels of user defined subsets of records This function is intended for those whose filing needs are simple and do not involve large amounts of data or numbers of entries For those who require the use of a sophisticated data base management system DBMS Executive Secretary permits sequential data files created by such DBMS to be read directiy To test this function used the excellent General Manager program marketed by Sierra On Line to create a sequential text file from an existing data base copied data directiy from the General Manager disk adding at the beginning of the file the names of each field in data base sequence Eight fields were listed including last name first name company address city state zip and blank The last field is necessary to account for a record separator auto matically inserted by General Manager The file was Then ready to be read by Executive Secretary s form letter function Unlike Pie writer variables for a gi ven record may be Inserted into an Executive Secretary form letter in any order Thus if numbers are used as variable titles last name and first name would be assigned the Writer fast typists should have no problem maintain designations of amp 1 and amp 2 respectively If these ing their optimum speed numbers were entered in the letter as 8 amp 2 ai 7 Smith and John would be output as John Smith o leave the edit mode simply pres
19. however you might check with John Beli Engineering they advertise in BYTE magazine They offer several cards in kit form Richard Campbell had an article in the April 1979 issue of BYTE pp 20 25 describing a simple co Qe cations of the 8251 it stil seems to work How ever you will have to write the software to make The Apple behave as a terminal a communications ACIA chip on the It is nearly impossible to emulate card using the game 1 0 port The comm card performs two functions simultaneously sending data and receiving data If you program the Apple to do this using the game 1 0 port it can either send data or receive data but not do both at The same time Thus while you are typing or send ing data you wil lose any data being sent to you have seen advertisements for voltage surge pro tection perhaps including near lightning strike protection What about E M P line voltage protec tion Will the commercially available fan combo surge protector protect against up to instantaneous surges of 100 000 volts And against E M P electromagnetic pulse from nuclear explosions Most surge suppressors on the market offer protec tion against one or both of the following problems voltage surge and or electromagnetic interference Voltage surges on the power line can be caused by lightning striking at or near a power line motors turning on or off or a sudden change in the load on the power line At the heart of all
20. imbed format com Yes Yes Yes Yes Page break line on edit screen No No No Yes Cursor location indicators Line Yes Yes No Yes Col umn Yes No Yes Yes Page No No No Yes Horizontal scrolling Yes No No Yes Run other prog from menu No Yes No Yes Draft print capability No Yes No Yes Hard disk drive compatible Yes Limited No Yes Copiable Yes No No Yes Prog files can be modified Yes No No Yes What you see is what you get screen format No No No Yes Uses 128K if available No No Yes N A Rat ings scale of A F Learning ease B B A B Text editing 8 B c A Form letters c A C B Overall power gt B C A e CONFIGURE which is used to adapt the program to various hardware combinations and to set system defaults e PIE for text entry and edit commands e FORMAT which contains all text formatting and printer output functions for data created mod f i ed in the Pie module Because program disks are coplable the first chore is to make working copies of the appropriate disks and store the originals in a safe place You then must run the configuration program This takes about 25 minutes because many files on the program disk are re written as part of the Installation routine When the newly configured program disk is booted the fol lowing menu is displayed contd October 1985 49 Figure B PIE WRITER MAIN MENU PIE TEXT EDITOR 1 2 FORMAT TEXT PROCESSOR 3 PIE CONFIGURE 4 FORMAT CONFIGURE 5 EXIT If y
21. quite often How much can a faster disk system help Lots Tables 2 and 5 demonstrate what hardware can do for us particularly when a faster CPU is combined with a faster disk system First the disk system alone Table 2 show the differences in proaram compile times using the Apple floppy disk and the Synetix solid state disk In this application both the application proqram the compiler and files the source code and object code are transferred back and forth between the disk system and the computer s RAM memory There are certainly better benchmarks but this one does itlustrate that significant improvements are possible obtained in comparing four different lanquages on the with faster disk systems For a real eye opener contd Washington Appie PI October 1985 17 glance at the slide show results in Table 3 which 7 7 770007 727o70000900902007077 are almost solely due to disk speed differences CPU Language 6502A 1MH2 6502C 5 6MH2 To see the effect of combined CPU and disk changes look at Table 3 In this case we compare Woz hard Applesoft BASIC 345 101 ware against latter day improvements al software Is Integer BASIC 211 62 written in Pascal Apple s Pascal 42 4 12 4 Using Fillchar 32 9 3 The time to compile a program is reduced by more than Fillchar amp no 4 using the fast CPU and disk and the fast system range chk 8 2 compiles in the neighborhood of 900 lines per minute Volitionts
22. the titles below the Last Entry row are for the convenience of the people reading the report When you get quite a number of weeks entered and long before the year is up it gets hard to go from the top of the print out and down a column to the current week The extra set of titles makes it much easler to read also use variable column width with Spreadsheet 2 0 This saves much space on printing enabling me to get all of my model on a single sheet of paper 14 5 8 inches wide With compressed type on the Epson MX80 printer am able to print 254 characters per line In addition since use the variable width column can get more columns displayed on the screen thus facilitating data entry So now let s talk about the data and formulas used There are several types of data needed and although the types will be the same for all organizations the specific nature will vary from one organization to another The types generally useful are 1 Cash accounts 2 Cash flow amounts 3 Cash flow sources 4 Customer information 5 Billing information 6 Expense information both those paid and Accounts Payable 7 Salary information 8 Tax information Each of these will have both a raw data component and a computed formula component 1 Cash accounts This portion is rather straight forward Most businesses have at least four accounts Let s the ones use and see how they fit in the and many six cash accounts that they
23. ur eee a Weshington Apple Pi October 1985 45 GUTENBERG WORD PROCESSOR boy Cs K Despite its power and versatility Gutenberg has received little publicity in comparison to other word processors for the Apple or Gutenberg is unique by its aim to provide a powerful and versatile too for formatted page printing of text special symbols and pictures The tool is a formal computer lanquage with syntactic and semantic rules for Format statements which the user can write Into a separate file and refer to them by their names in the text files to be printed The Print program of Gutenberg receives an input file composed of such Format state ments together with the text files to be printed A Format statement is executed by the Print program when its name is encountered in the text stream Execution of a Format statement can cause some direct action e g loading an alternate character set and or changes in values of system variables System variables are general indicators for the Print pro gram such as length of a text line use of mono or proportional spacing etc Three specially named Format statements AR AP and AB are always executed by the Print program at the end of a composed text line at the beginning of a paragraph and at the bot tom of a text blocs respectively The program assumes default statements for these three Format statements but they can be changed by the user This a
24. 164 DISK DRIVES MicroSci A2 5 1 4 1001 Apple compatible with controller card eesososoeos 309 without controller card sesso 238 MicroSci M0 5 1 4 disk drive with controller card essere cones 340 without controller card cccccecsesececcses 279 Rana Elite 1 5 1 4 with controller 376 without controller card os 250 Elite 2 40 tracks double sided 325K 419 Elite 3 80 tracks double sided 552K 544 M DEMS Anchor Signalaan I RS232 direct connect 84 D C Hayes Smartaoden eese nenne 204 icromodea II with terminal program 274 Novation Apple Cat II E 264 Saart Cat 300 RS232 direct connect 184 Universal Data Systens 212LP 11200 baud 375 ONITORS lenith 12 green screen esssssessosasasosossoosos 99 Sanyo 9 hi res green screen esses essi 12 dion green screen ese soos 124 Aadek 12 3006 hi res green screen eco 144 Aadek Color I cccecncccccaccecvcccvceccecevcces 294 NEC 12 hi res green screen JB 1260 109 USI 12 aaber screen PI 2 PEE da en sees 144 TOYS OR TOULS Voice Box Speech Synthesizer 64 phonemes 129 Street Echo II Street Electronics e Sweet P Plotter easy to use high speed plotter 489 Soundchaser Music Systen 49 key 4 octave keyboard esee 659 Turbo traks 16 voice synthesizer
25. 240 45 45 Stock Option Analysis Program K amp H Scientific Stock Option Scanner H amp H Scientific d Base Il Dow Jones Analyzer Dow Jones Manager Easy Writer LJK Letter Perfect Easy Mailer Wordstar Visicalc Visipak Microsoft Multiplan General Manager Screenwriter II Sensible Speller VISA MC Add 3 money order certified check Prices subject to change Shipping handling 5 MD residents add 5 tax Mail order only CALL FOR ITEMS NOT LISTED RAMADA COMPUTER PRODUCTS A Division of H amp H Scientific 13507 Pendleton St Ft Washington MD 20744 Tel 301 292 2958 Gutenberg The best printer is the Apple DMP since 1200 Baud Smartmodem the packaae supports its downloaded font option M Gutenberg Is marketed by Micromation Limited 1 Yor SSM Modem 700 Sa dale Road Suite 406 Toronto Ontario Canada M6A 3A1 Tel 416 781 6675 for 325 00 U S lf ordered by mail one may receive a 23 bill from Printers the US Custom Of fice NEC 8023 NEC 3510 Spinwriter IDS Microprism 480 Okidata Micro 82 A Ani ti G hi Okidata Micro 83 A IIa lon Ia CS Okidata Micro 92 1 N e R R A T E o i 11317 Sunset Hills Road Reston Virginia 22090 Okidata Micia 99 703 471 0740 Prowriter 8510 A Epson I lj Vi Wl ese TOLLE ni i Wi it qc ph Paint For the Apple amp lle JOYSTICK VERSION Visa Mas
26. Adventure 115 IAC 12 13 Misc 116 IAC 14 Micromodemi 117 Picture Packer 118 Utilities D 119 IAC 15 Misc 120 IAC 16 Misc 121 ABBS Program 122 IAC 17 Misc 123 French Vocabulary Lii LE wwe A wwe vee A CP 124 Utilities E 125 IAC 18 Misc 126 Sights and Sounds 127 Math Sclence 128 Games D 129 GLAQ 130 Diversi DOS 131 Personal Educ 2 132 IAC 19 Utilities F 133 IAC 20 Hybrid 134 New Members Disk 135 WAP ABBS Part 136 WAP ABBS Part 2 137 IAC 21 Spreadsheet A 138 IAC 23 Utilities G 139 IAC 24 Education 3 140 Education 4 141 Special Data Bases M C C C Eamon Series Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Vol ume Both d 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 isks Dungeon Designer Beginners Cave Lair of Minotaur Cave of the Mind Zyphur Riverventure Castle of Doom Death Star Devil s Tomb Caves of Treas lsl Furioso The Magic Kingdom The Tomb of Molinar Lost Isi of Apple Abductor s Quarters Quest for Trezore Underground City required Tota Order WAP MEMBERSHIP NO Make checks payable and send to Washington Apple Pi ATTN Librarian 8227 Woodmont Avenue Suite 201 Bethesda MD 20814
27. D gt 1 0 amp 4 If abs value more than 10 000 THEN REPEAT D 1710 0 Scale dow value N Net end adjust exponent UNTIL D 1 064 until value less than 10 000 NM TRUNC D Set NM to Ist 4 digits of of D DIM Set D to remainder ID NPE Put NM in tst 4 digits of ID ID IROUN DM CEZ E 0 Put next 3 digits in D END IFP 1 THEN EEGIN Write converted value to screen STR ID S23 Convert mantissa to string DCSERT S3 2 Place decimal after Ist digit WRITEIN X gt S2 S3 E N Write to screen END rFQ TEN ID ID Set sign of mantissa PROCEDURE SH Shorten extended precision value to real CONST E13 2 1000000000000 10 1000000006 VAR J DUTEGER 16 M1 M2 I INTEGER S2 CHAR S5 SIRImo 17 BEGIN J ID IN E05 i on dm ee Lec vein J 9 J EAS digits of mantissa J DA J equals last twelve digits MI TRUNC ID DIV E12 MI is Ist 4 digits of mantissa M2 TRUNC J DIV E10 M2 is next 4 digits of mantissa X MI PWEOFTEN 3 9MC PNROFTEN 6 Convert to real with IPN 0 value between 1EZ 1EA THEN FOR I 9 1 TON Scale X to correct value DO X X 0 0 Scale up if exponent larger than zero EISE FOR I 1 DONI N DO X X 10 0 Scale down if exponent less than zero IF P 1 THEN EIN Write converted value to screen IF IKO Get sign of mntism THEN S2 9 ELSE S2 5 IF UXO Make mantissa poeitive if negative THEN ID ID SR D S3 Convert mamt
28. FORTUNE TELLERS Multiplan state of the art spreadsheet VisiCalc IIe version available also The Financial Planner from the dBASE folks SuperCalc 2 powerful CP M spreadsheet INFORMATION MANAGEMENT dBASE II w ZIP screen generator Quickcode dBASE program generator dUTIL tiae savers for the dBASE programmer The General Manager 2 0 0B Master PF5 File Report or Graph Infostar including Mhz 2 80 Applicard Data Perfect VisiFile Condor III powerful relational database systeu VersaForn business forms processor 0BMS BUSINESS amp ACCOUNTING BPI Accounting AR AP PAYROLL INVENTORY ea aodule Peachtree Peachpak GL AR API all three Accounting Plus GL AR AP INVENTORY all four The Accountant double entry bookkeeping systen Hone Accountant COMMUNICATIONS Ascii Express Professional for 005 3 3 Z tera Professional for CP MI P terg Professional for Pascal Data Capture 4 0 LANGUAGES Softech UCSD p Systea Digital Research Pascal MT Microsoft Fortran 80 BDS C cospiler Micronotion FORTH 79 Terrapin Logo amp ENDS Kensington System Saver Fan w surge protector TG Joystick Kraft Joystick Trace SoundTrap acoustic enclosure for printers Wildcard hardware antidote for copy protection KoalaPad Graphics Tablet with graphics software 95 Verbatim Maxell Dysan Wabash disks fros 80 Cooputer furniture tables printer stands etc call PLEASE COMPARE OUR PRIC
29. II 325 w Term Prog Apple Cat II 289 E Smart Modem 1200 ACCESSORIES Kraft Joystick Applicard Wordstar 16K RAM Card M Soft 128K RAM Board Micro Spooler 32K Micro Spooler 64K Micro Buffer 16K Micro Buffer I 32K 39 Comp Paper 91 x 11 19 COMPUTER SYSTEMS Franklin Ace 1200 Franklin Ace 1000 Corona PC IBM o PRINTERS NEC 8023 449 Epson FX80 160 cps 570 Epson MX100 650 Gemini 15 499 Transtar Color Printer 575 Epson FX100 160 cps 799 ACCESSORIES Wildcard CPM Prem Pac Picasso Interface System Saver Computer Desk 80 col crd Videx CPM Card Microsoft Multifunction Card 2 750 o DISKETTES Verbatim SS DD 10 28 Verbatim DS DD 10 40 PRINTERS Prowriter Par 10 Grappler No Buffer Par Interface Grappler 16K Buffer Gemini 10 120 cps e PRINTERS Ltr Qual Transtar 140 40 cps 1 250 Printmaster 55 cps Transtar 130 16 cps 695 MONITORS Zenith Monitor 12 GRN 18 Mhz AMDEK 300G GRN AMDEK 300A Amber Color 1 13 AMDEK 389 139 165 MONEY SAVING COUPON Visit Qur Booth THE MICRO CONNECTION MONEY SAVING COUPON 8300 OFF ANY PURCHASE OVER 55 009 Visit Our Booth D C mU 4009 orr ANY PURCHASE OVER 10009 MSN Center Center NAME 10 27 83 ADDRESS STATE 10 27 83 2P eA X to 389 1 750 145 299 Limit One Coupon Per Person Limit One Coupon Per Sale 10 005
30. JOu5uN 41 42 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 Utilities Utilities tI Games Games Games ill Games IV Games V Utilities II Educational Math Science Graphics Games VI Games IAC Utilities IV Games VII Utilitles V Graphics I Educational II Communications Mus ic Apple Orchard Utilities VI Games VIII Games IX Utilities vii Stocks Investments Math Planetfinder Utilities VIII Games X Plot Utilities Games XI Account ing Solar Tutor Garden Management Games XII Utilities IX Games XIII IAC VII IAC VIII AC 25 Mach Lang Util One Key DOS Utilities A Utitittes B Games A Merry Christmas Business A F IG FORTH Ut il ities Science Engineering Games B IAC 10 Graphics Volume 181 required with these disks NOTE ALLOW 6 TO 8 WEEKS FOR MAILING NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP TELEPHONE DOS 3 3 contd RRR FARRAR RRA RAR RRR RRR RRR RRR RRA AN Volume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Vol umo Vol ume M M MA 9 9 Au eee Su Su uo A Su Sep Se Su ur Su Su SA Su SA ww www 109 IAC I1 Applesoft Tutorial 110 Personal Educatton 111 Games C 112 Utilities C 113 Business B 114A Adventure NIT 114B
31. Modula 2 38 35 11 2 which is outstanding for any micro and some larger Using Fillchar 30 8 4 machines as well This improvement tends to mini Fillchar amp no mize any complaints about lenqthy compiles range chk 7 5 The next program transfers slides HIRES pictures TABLE 1 Results for Eratosthenes sieve prime number from the disk to the Hires screens Both screens are algorithm using an Apple I computer with and with used so that the next slide can be transferred while out 3 6MHz Accelerator II coprocessor and the indi the previous one is being viewed Who said Pascal cated four languages Results are execution times in had only one screen A variable viewing time is seconds for ONE iteration of the algorithm The tst selected which determines how long each slide is dis times for Pascal amp Modula 2 are for the algorithm as played in this case it was set to zero in order to written in BYTE the 2nd uses the Fillchar function to fransfer the files as fast as possible Apple Pescel initialize the array the 3rd uses Fillchar and also Unitread and Unitwrite procedures were used in order turns off range checking Times are not dependent on to employ the most efficient file transfer mechanism the type of disk system available The net result is a qood picture no pun of the size of improvement potential available using solid state or hard disk systems The fast system 2 2 2 2 2 2
32. October 1983 Washington Apple Pi Forth Pascal Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Yo lume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Vo ume EDS G1 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 401 402 403 404 405 700 701 PIGO PIGI P1G2 PIG3 P1G4 PIG5 PIG6 PIG7 P1G8 PIG9 PIGIO PIGI1 ATTACH BIOS CPMS I1GO1 CPMS 1602 CPMS1G035 CPMS1604 OPMS 1G05 Assembler Disassemb ler Full Screen Editor Elem Math disks WAP TUTORIAL REGISTRAT ION The following four WAP tutorials are being offered on Tuesday evenings from 7 30 to 9 00 PM at the office 8227 Woodmont Avenue Room 202 Bethesda MD You may sign up for any or all of the series They wil be repeated monthly A detailed outline of the tutorials was given on page 8 of the September Journal Please check the desired tutorials and return this form with the proper fee s tfo Washington Apple Pi Ltd Attn Tutorials 8227 Woodmont Avenue Suite 201 Bethesda MD 20814 Checks should be made payable to Washington Apple Pi Ltd Name Daytime Phone Evening Phone October 4 INTRODUCTION TO APPLE COMPUTER HARDWARE November October 11 HOW TO USE YOUR APPLE SOFTWARE November 8 October 18 BEGINNING BASIC November 15 October 25 BITS BYTES NIBBLES November 29 The fee for each tutorial is 10 00 with a
33. Perfect 80 00 David s Midnight Magic 22 00 Raster Blaster 19 00 Lunar Leeper 19 00 Visidex uccce ss 165 00 Desk Top Plan II 190 00 Apple Oids 20 00 Firebug ecss 2 18 00 Creature Creator 28 00 Spectre ecesccss e 20 00 Buzzard Bait 28 00 Sammy Lightfoot 20 00 COMPUTER DEN Ltd 11716 KEMP MILL ROAD SILVER SPRING MARYLAND 20902 301 449 6868 Call for an Le eae gr to order Sunday Thur Sayy 9 P M Free delivery to crystal City UPS Tee bine QQ a Quantit iscounts Availabl REGAAAAIKE 133323232822223322 828322 October 1985 LAP Have a where regarding problem IdOTL INE The following club members have agreed to help listed and no calls after 10 00 PM except where indicated comnercial software packages should be limited to those you have purchased copied software for which you have no documentation Genera APPLE SSC Apple TechNotes Basis 108 Dave Harvey Robert Martin Bernie Benson Ed Schenker Lance Bell Loftus Becker 705 301 202 301 705 202 Communications Packages and Modems Telecom Anchor Sig amp BIZCOMP Modem Apple CAT II ASCII Express CompuSer ve Data Capture General Hayes Smartmodem Omninet Source amp Transcend VISI TERM XTALK CP M Comm Corvus Hard Disk Expedite
34. The object of the game is to steer Sammy through a series of dare devi acts to get a job In the circus Sammy must jump on trampolines swing from ropes ride a tiying carpet and perform other feats while avoiding giant bouncing balls a mean pumpkin and deadly flames to get the job The game might retain the player s interest longer if the action were faster As it is the game progresses Slowly and there are portions which seem either much too simple or too difficult For example the second level is a real cinch compared to the first and third levels One reason for the slow speed may be that there is so much going on at any one time The game gets boring because each obstacle is so far apart and just walking to them takes a long time The game is however very responsive to the joystick and keyboard controls The graphics in the game are very colorful appealing and in my opinion the best part of the game A lot of work obviously went into making the game nice to look at making the game much more amusing to play There is no flickering and very little jerkiness in the movements of characters and obstacles alike The characters are cute and fun to watch Sound effects on the other hand are poor Aside from a musical Introduction to each level there is almost no sound at all In my opinion the author would have done better leaving out the sound altogether rather than leaving in the small amount now there Another featur
35. Ultima II 59 95 44 95 New Gebolll il CALL Phaser Fire 2995 2195 High Orbit 29 95 21 95 y Now SSI Cytron Master 39 95 29 95 i Galactic tesa 39 95 29 95 Guadalcanal Campaign 59 95 49 95 P1 OUR FULL TIME STAFF Old Favorites il Borg 2995 21 95 x Cannonball Blitz 34 95 26 95 Deadline 49 95 39 95 at Marauder 34 95 26 95 Lj j Russki Duck 34 95 26 95 ll Snack Attack 29 95 21 95 S Threshold 39 95 29 95 Xx 202 364 0273 l UTILITIES x Southwester Data Munch a Bug 49 95 39 95 x The Routine Machine 64 95 49 95 Doubletime printer 149 95 119 95 x On Line Systems The Artist 79 95 59 95 VISA MC add 3 include card no and expiration dato Insoft x e Allow 3 wocks for porsonal chock to cloar 1 COO s roquira 10 deposit all COO charges to bo pa d by customer GraForth 1 75 00 i Ema e r Ww o Description NEW GAMES Tunnel Terror 29 95 21 95 1 Fore 29 95 21 95 Curse of Ra 19 95 14 95 Danger 19 95 14 95 Serpentine 34 95 26 95 Choplifter 34 95 26 95 Pig Pen 29 95 21 95 Prices subject to change mithout notico sil items subject to availability Money order cortified chock cashier s chock or bank wire doposit accepted Inctude fuil telephone number on all mai orders Inciuda 2 00for postage and handling per software shipment UPS DC rosidents add 6 tax if tax exompt include number CALL for information
36. and the Sage appear to be about equal in popularity now MUSUS also has an on line public domain software library many well written useful programs can be downloaded from there Membership in MUSUS is open to all USUS members with a CompuServe account Several PIG members are now active on MUSUS in fact it s the main reason I subscribed to CompuServe USUS Meeting in Washington Mews f rom Hartman Washington D C at the Crysta City Hyatt Regency on Friday October 14 through Sunday October 16 The meeting will feature several speakers tutorials a 0 amp A session hardware and software demonstrations and SIG meetings The SIGs include Apple Sage Communi cations Pascal standards and Modula 2 Presenta tions and tutorials already scheduled are Technical Presentations Software Development Using the p System by Dave Gelfand of Ferox Microsystems Graphics Using the p System by Alan Freiden of Information Systems Inc Tutorials Introduction to the p System Introduction to Pascal Introduction to Modula 2 Advanced Topics in UCSD Pascal Everyone with an interest in UCSD Pascal is invited to attend you do not have to be a USUS member Regis tration for the three days is 25 in advance or 35 at the door Advance registrations must be received by October 7 at this address USUS Meeting Registration P O Box 1148 La Jolla CA 92038 According to all accounts I ve heard USUS meetings a
37. approach had fa en l used macros and avoided character replacement where possible allowing one to mare better use of editor listings and avoid having to insert the extra embedded commands in each file With one control ous exception found that it is possible to the printer using lt CTRL X gt to embed the vari contro Keys listed in Appendix C and control codes listed in Appendix B of the IMX Printer Manual with GRAFTRAX PLUS That exception was CIRL O gt for compressed printing It seems to cause a system hangup when using RUNOFF Superscripts and subscripts present a particular prob lem and require a very lona string of control charac ters to get the output desired To avoid a stretched out appearance in superscripts or subsripts found it desirable to put the printer into condensed mode first The escape code must be entered with the S followed by the null code for superscripting Then a bacnspace must be inserted to avoid a blank space The ESC required in the contro codes ASC 27 can be easily entered by using the lt CTRL X gt ESC sequence A bell symbol shows up for ESC on a CRT The ESC prints out on a printer as a when doing an editor listina with control character flaq set to 1 Then a bac space must be entered to avoid a blan space The character to be superscripted must be entered Then one must turn off the compressed mode and also return to normal characters with or without double strik
38. at the November 26 meeting They would like to video tape parts of the proceedings edit voiceover etc in order to produce a promotional tape for the Pi Anyone with a portable VCR camera lighting and the willingness to assist please contact Jay Thal at 202 244 3649 4 GENERAL INFORMATION Apple user groups may reprint without prior permission any portion of the contents herein provided author title and publication credits are given proper Membership dues for Washington Apple Pi are 25 00 for the first year and 18 00 per year thereafter begin ning in the month joined If you would like to join please call the club office or write to the office address A membership application will be mailed to you Subscriptions to the Washington Apple Pi Journal are not available The Journal is distributed as a benefit of membership Current Office hours are Mon Wed Thu Fri 10 AM to 2 30 PM Office 301 654 8060 Tue 12 30 to 2 30 PM amp 7 to 9 30 PM Sat 2 to 4 PM meeting Sat onl y ABBS 301 657 4507 Copyright Washington Apple Pi Ltd 1983 Washington Apple PI October 1983 3 dS oper TS by Dew Tol As the WAP crosses the 3 000 members mark it seems useful to spend a few minutes thinking about what we are and where we might be going The members seem to want and step forward to donate their time for a service organization The WAP provides many services to many people not just our members Our
39. books have a one em indent the indent matches the width of one capital M Most typewritten business letters have a five letter indent If you use ScreenwWriter s first tab stop as a paragraph indent you ll put in five letter spaces Make sure you tell the folks at the printer s what sort of indent you want on your material when It appears in print The other important built in code is the carriage return ScreenWriter has delightful features called fill and break The embedded commands cause the com puter to fili the text and ignore all of the carriage returns until it sees the symbol for a paragraph ident or it sees the break command The two commands make it easier for the typesetter to receive material and justify and hyphenate everything as It runs through the typesetter Don t try to set up the justification on the Apple The typesetter will just chuck out all of the line breaks from the Apple and do its own thing There are two ways to transfer your copy to the type setter If the printing company has a media reader that can handle the floppy disk from an Apple then you can deliver the disk and sit back and wait You don t save much time with this method Sending the copy via a modem Is much quicker When ever data Is sent over a Bel network telephone line it must be sent in ASCII Again we can thank Screen Writer for formatting everything in the standard code set for tele communicating Interested in try
40. computers The Real Number System is described by a continuous num ber line that is choosing two numbers regardless of how close a third number can be selected that will fit between A digital computer simulates the Real Number System by a subset called a floating point num ber system As in the case of integers implementa tion of a floating point number system on a computer is software dependent This means that these number Systems not only vary between computer systems but also vary between computer languages Additionally multiple precision floating point number systems are built into some computer languages e g most imple mentations of FORTRAN provide for single and double precision Apple FORTRAN does not Memory allocation for a single floating point number is partitioned in two Analogous to scientific nota tion one part represents the mantissa and a second part represents the exponent The maximum number of digits represented in the mantissa establishes the precision of the floating point number system In Apple Pascal floating point operations are made with 7 siqnificant digit accuracy using numbers represented by 32 bits four bytes of memory In contrast floating point operations in Applesoft BASIC are made with 9 significant digit accuracy using numbers repre sented by 40 bits five bytes of memory The differ ence in the quantity of memory for representing the mantissa 24 bits in Apple Pascal and 33 bits i
41. conven tional form of language descriptions starting with constants and variables used in the language and not jumping Into canmand descriptions This approach would have allowed a section on system variables whose values are checked by the Print program and mod ified by the execution of the Format statements Both the manual and the data dis ette contain a large number of examples many of these directly usable Word processing with Cyrillic or Greek alphabets or special accent marks can use the supplied alternate fonts Form letters with mailing lists and table generation are given as examples for the J file use A large number of examples are given for formatting Special use such as printing mathematical formulas may require extensive preparations involving the contd Washington Apple PI N creation of alternate character sets picture files for oversized symbols and appropriate Format state ments All of these need special attention with respect to ey assignment for symbols and naming pic ture files and format statements so that they would be natural to a user Special interest groups in Apple Iser s clubs may provide such library files in the V tuture for such speclal use Gutenberg comes with a two sided master diskette a back up diskette a data diskette containing tutori als a manual a shift ey which plugs into the qame port and a plastic ruler to measure distances on printed paper For booting
42. dealer should be able to answer this question but often the salesman either lacks the knowledge or the time to help The WAP is planning to try to help solve this problem by establishing a commercial software library Mem bers will be able to review documentation and actually run software long enough to reach a valid decision re garding its applicability As always there are some obstacles in implementing this program The most serious obstacle is that User Groups are com monty perceived as pirate s dens by software pub lishers see David Morganstein s letter in the July 1983 WAP Journal We Intend to solve this problem by providing an environment which while providing ade quate review facilities will remove all temptation to take a copy home for further review In order to establish such an environment the follow Ing rules wilt apply l All packages will be maintained in the club office 2 Neither documentation nor diskettes wil be kept on the regular library shelves they wit be con trolled by the staff 3 The computer system provided for use will be located within sight of the staff 4 Members will not be permitted to bring diskettes Into the test area Data diskettes will be pro vided by the club they must be returned with the package 5 No photocopying will be permitted Another problem is the choice of hardware for the review system We currently plan to install an Apple e with extende
43. displayed 10 pictures in 2 4 seconds or in other words was tranferrinq a picture from disk to RAM and Mass Memory drawing it on the monitor screen every quarter of a Language amp Function Floppy Disk Solid State Disk second Pascal Compile 11 6 3 4 The last two results are for text editing applica Modula 2 Compile 23 6 10 8 tions The test was to search for a non existent Pascal Load 1 7 0 7 character string which caused the system to start at Modula 2 Load 7 7 1 8 the front of the file and to look unsuccessfully through to the end of the file In the first case a TABLE 2 Sieve algorithm compile and load time sec 60K text file was used The ASE editor see Burt comparisons for Pascal and Modula 2 using floppy and Chambers Flavors in the 8 83 newsletter handles solid state disk systems together with the the 3 6 MHz files larger than the available internal memory of the coprocessor IMhz CPU times would be slower system The 60K file was a test of both the CPU speed search through RAM and fhe disk system transfer successive segments of the file to RAM since it could 2 2 2 2 not fit all at one time This test wasn t practical Memor y CPU to perform on the plain vanilla system it took 4 5 Application Floppy amp IMhz Solid State Disk amp seconds on the fast system faster than some systems in Pascal 3 6MHz can get the job done when the entire text file is small enough to
44. game is the number of options to choose from You may begin on any one of the eight levels and be either male or female Beginning levels are easier but they rapidly become more challenging Ever try to kill a bat with a club Monsters range in difficulty from Mordo the Spaz and the octopus who are not too difficult to robots who shoot death rays and vampires which have to be hit twice to be killed The only option which seems to be missing is one for a multi player game Even so playing individually for a high score can be almost as challenging The action in the qame is fast paced throughout and unlike some games Last Gladiator s action does not slow down noticeably when there are many figures on the screen Because it reacts quickly to the joystick signals it is less frustrating and more life like Also another difference from some games is that it is easy to fire in all 8 directions even diagonally Belleve me when you are facing three or more mon sters you need al the manuverability you can get A command card explains makes the game more playable It the game and the control characters used to restart the game choose new levels pause and toggle sound The command card is a handy size for quick review and it makes getting used to the game easier because there isn t a whole biq manual to read The graphics are good even though they are mostly filled with white and a small splash of color Each creature has its
45. heading So far it has grown with no real direction and little pre planning We have regular and some irregular columns a splendiferous potpourri of articles at all levels of expertise and much information about the activities of the WAP and our SIGs have received occasional laudatory comments from individuals about it but what believe is needed is more constructive commentary from many more of you This is your pub lication How can we make It even more useful to you A phone call or a letter would be helpful Perhaps a newsletter SIG Thanks again Betsy for filling in for us last month ie VEMT Queue Washington Apple Pi meets on the 4th Saturday usual ly of each month at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences USUHS Building B 4301 Jones Bridge Road Bethesda MD on the campus of the National Naval Medical Center Library transactions journal pickup memberships etc are from 8 45 10 00 AM From 9 00 to 10 00 AM there is an informal Help session in the auditorium The main meeting starts promptly at 10 00 at which time all sales and services close so that volunteers can attend the meet ing A sian interpreter and reserved seating are provided for the hearing impaired Following are dates and topics for upcoming months October 22 Data Bases November 26 Uses of Personal Computers by Disabled December 17 Garage Sale The DISABLEDSIG is interested in trying something new
46. meeting each month LAWSIG provides attorneys and those not versed in the law an opportunity to discuss various aspects of com puter applications to the law The LAWSIG usually meets in downtown Washington D C at noon once a week For information call Charlies G Field Chair man 265 4040 or Jim Burger 822 1093 LOGOSIG meets at 12 30 after the regular WAP meeting NEWSIG will meet just after the regular Washington Apple Pi meeting We will answer questions and try to help new owners get their systems up and running We will also explain how our club operates The foliow Ing members have agreed to answer questions over the phone when someone gets stuck and needs help between meetings Bob Chesley 560 0120 Paul Hoffman 831 7433 Sarah Lavilla 926 6355 Boris Levine 229 5730 Steve Sondag 281 5392 PIG the Pascal Interest Group meets on the third Thursday of each month at 7 30 PM at the Club Office SIGAMES is the special interest group of computer hobbyists Interested in using their APPLEs for entertainment They meet Immediately following the monthly meeting of Washington Apple Pi STOCKSIG meetings are on the second Thursday at 8 00 PM and are currently held at the home of the chairman Robert Wood 703 893 9591 Telecomm S G meeting usually meets after the DO YOU TRADE STOCK OPTIONS If you use your computer to trade stock options you know how difficult it can be to pinpoint the most profitable trades E
47. micros for accountability analyzing and presenting information to parents on grades and evaluations on a weekly basis Teachers pointed out that any software designed for administrative work by the teacher must be made extremely user friendly Teachers have so much to do anyway that there is no spare time to learn the foibles of a particular program Mary summarized the issues that emerged from the dis cussion as the use of special equipment the question as to whether the computers should be in the classroom or in a lab the presence of a programmer the girl boy differences the issue of open ended exploration Correspondence Dear Apple Users Group Editor The purpose of this letter is to request your assist ance in locating members within your club who are involved in educational use of their microcomputers It is my desire to establish contact with as many of them as is possible across the country We hope to facilitate an exchange of ideas information and sott ware with them User groups such as yours play an Important part in helping people to become more knowledgeable about computing and do it on a much more personal level while covering so many special interests We are a network helping people connect on to ideas resources and information within the educational field Our organization is administered by educators who are concerned about the schools of tomorrow and the impact of technology upon education W
48. need to be reprogrammed In addition to providing the extended precision capability EXTPREC extends the dynamic range from exponent 38 to 38 to exponent 32767 to 32767 have mixed feelings about this range extension In one sense a larger dynamic range may be useful In another sense program bugs have often been discovered through range check errors that may or may not occur with the range extension The calling arguments of the rocedures in defined as follows i ee BREE 2ER ST X REAL VAR ID BGN VAR N INTEGER P INTEGER Input X Real type variable with the value to be 24 October 1985 converted to extended precision P If P 1 then X will be displayed on the screen along with the converted value of the extended precision variable Output ID Long integer of 16 digits representing the mantissa of X N The integer value representing the exponent of X EP 11 8GN NI INTEGER SI CHAR 12 BGN N2 1INTEGER VAR 13 BGN VAR N3 INTEGR P INTEGER Input 11 12 Long integers of 16 digits represent ing the mantissas involved in the arithmetic operation NI N2 Respective integer exponents associ ated with 11 and 12 S1 Either 4 non tm or 7 represents the arithmetic operation to be performed P If P 1 then the arithmetic operation and result will be displayed on the screen This feature can be used as a debugging aid Output 13 Long integer mantissa of result N3 Integer exponent
49. of result Note that the logic flow of EP is I1 NI S1 12 N2 z 13 N3 SH VAR X REAL ID BGN N P INTEGER Input ID Long integer mantissa of the pseudo extended precision variable to be converted fo a real type N Respective integer exponent associated with ID P If P 1 then the extended precision value will be displayed along with the converted real value Outpu X The real type variable with a value con verted from ID AND N VU 10 BGN N INTEGER Input ID Long integer mantissa of the extended precision variable to be displayed N Associated integer exponent Note that VU is equivalent to the WRITE procedure ESQRT C BGN IC INTEGER VAR RT BGN VAR IRT The INTEGER P INTEGER Input C Long integer mantissa of the extended precision variable for which the square root is to be calculated IC Respective integer exponent associated with C P If Ps 1 then the arithmetic operations within ESQRT will be displayed on the screen This feature can be used as a debugging aid Output RT Long integer of 16 digits representing the mantissa of the extended precision square root IRT Respective integer exponent associated with RT EXTPREC unit has been used for numerical methods contd Washington Apple PI programmed in Pascal which have produced poor results using the 7 significant digit precision e g power method for determining matrix eigenvalues Listing 2 i
50. recorder 159 3 D Color Graphics rotate scan back or in etc 43 se e 2o ec o WORD PR CESSINB WordStar 3 01P new price ssesccccvessess 274 Screen Writer If eessaseeoceeceeseeceeeeceecess BS Super Text 40 80 column csssssecscsesees 7B POPULAR PROGRANS Bank St Writer You read about it in Time 48 Home Accountant ssscverecescccersecccorees 49 Quick Stat New powerful statistics package 74 isicalc 1990 0 5908943023060008958a8809600055523250809555000 164 Visifile eeeeseseseeeneeaeeeeenaesenesseog EE EEE 164 Visitera s sraosesooostososo secos T9 Visidex eeetoaeseon 9 659900505952686002880895a00806900950 169 laxxon special for the month 25 05 COMNUNICATIONS ASCII Express Professional ssssccssccessceee 98 Visitera 595085050205280952382358 e 0600805a425222002900699 8 75 Data Capture 4 0 40 column ccscscsvsvceseees 45 l tera 220935a9502000000902908250205290902229291 P bb D C Hayes Terminal Program CP M DOS etc 40 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ase II escecascasseseseeestisetseeseneessene 92802989 408 DB aaster 9 9489258832392050652a0695902225265083 092595495588 149 SuperFile search and retrieve information enerated with a CP M word processor e g ordStar cross index and retrieve parts of wills sailing lists contracts reprint collections bibliographies etc 179 PRINTERS 509 Epson New FX 80 160 characters sec
51. second column For convenience in reading have also added a number column as the first and last column This not only aids reading by my partner and me but also tells me how many weeks comprise the data base Cur rently have 40 weeks of data The general layout looks like this A B C eeeeeee AH Al AJ 1 COL DATECOL COL 3 COL 34 COL 35 COL 2 1 1 07 T ee oe 1 3 2 1 14 ee ee ee 2 Weekly Data Area Weekly Formula Area 40 39 9 02 m z e 08 41 40 9 09 m TIPP ee oe 40 42 Last Entry Last Entry 45 OOL DATECOL OOL 3 COL 34 COL 35 COL 45 8 SUM 8 SUM G8 SUM 46 Weekly Summary Formula Area 50 Monthly Summary Formula Area 60 Other Summary Formula Area In the simulated layout above the following abbrevi ations are used means number COL Is COLumn In the DATE COLumn the integer value is the month and the decimal is the two digit date of the day Friday of each week The layout of the template was developed over time to make it simple for my staff to enter data and to use the O rder of calculation with in VisiCalc to my advantage sure am glad that October 1983 A e VisiCalc has a M ove command So let s talk further about the general layout The Weekly Data Area is on the left and first Thus all data is entered In a contiguous row The Weekly Form ula Area is on the right side of the week s row This makes each week s entry easier The template is only set up for
52. task has become one of educating People want to know what an Apple microcomputer is and how it can be used There is a crying need for information about products both hardware and software how to choose them and how to use them Which one of the many pro grams avallable should be selected for a particular problem One person suggested that software reviews be printed in pairs one review by a novice and another by a more experienced hand oh for the con tributions The WAP members have been willing to use our financial resources to purchase some of the more dulling activi ties which are required to continue our activity We are adding hours to our paid office staff so that mem bership activities can be performed there on a timely basis Maintaining the computer file of member infor mation mailing out new member materials printing mailing labels and sending renewal notices requires dozens of hours of time each month There have been discussions about expanding our educa tional function Some of the tutorials planned for this fall could be videotaped for later viewing by others We have discussed ways in which we could help local school systems two members have stepped forward offering to help as school coordinators Conrad Fleck in P G County and Barbara Larson in Northern Va One of our most effective programs is our Journal We can all be thankful for the truly excel lent contribu tions sent in by our members and as
53. that calls Please do not cal about restrictions A 1 P M Bill Schulthels 703 538 4575 A 1 M Richard Untied 703 241 8678 P Dottie Acton 301 428 3605 LOGO Apple Ron Murray eve 202 328 3553 General Dagobert Soergei 703 8235 2840 Multiplan Terry Prudden 301 933 3065 Operating Systems APPLE DOS Richard Untied 703 241 8678 CP M Robert Fretwell 703 971 2621 Paddies Tom Riley eve 301 340 9432 Pers Filing Sys Ben Ryan 301 469 6457 Printers General Walt Francis 202 966 5742 Anderson Jacobson Bill Etue 703 620 2103 Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 Apple Dot Matrix Joan B Dunham 301 585 0989 IDS 460 Jeff Stetekluh 703 521 4882 MX 80 Jeff Dillon 301 422 6458 Okidata Scott Ruliman 301 779 5714 Silentype Bruce Field 301 340 7038 Statistica Packages Jim Carpenter 301 371 5263 Stock Market Robert Wood 703 893 9591 Tax Preparer H Soft Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 Ti me Shar Ing Dave Harvey 703 527 2704 VisiCalc Walt Francis 202 966 5742 Leon Raes y 301 460 0754 Word Processors Walt Francis 202 966 5742 Apple writer tl Doug Daje 301 868 5487 Dianne Lorenz 301 530 7881 Leon Raesty 301 460 0754 Tom Warrick 301 656 4389 Gutenberq Neil Muncy 301 251 9330 Letter Perfect Cara Cira 301 468 6118 Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 Screenwriter I Peter Combes 301 871 1455 Supertext Doug Da je 501 868 5487 Peter Rosden 301 229 2288 Word Handler John Vaupel 301 977 3054 Word Star David Inouye
54. the current number of weeks Thus when first developed it had only one row for the week the next row was the Last Entry row This is an import ant part of the design and when used as shown below lets an l nsertion by R ow automatically change the formulas All SUM s include the title row and the Last Entry row In the layout above SUM ming column 3 would use the following formula SUM C1 C42 thus encompassing all the data When a row is insert ed In VisiCalc with the CURSOR at the Last Entry row row 42 VisiCalc nserts a R ow ABOVE the cursor thus INSIDE the summation command When a row or column is 1 nserted inside a SUMnation row or column VisiCalc automatically extends the summation formula to include that row Hence if the CURSOR was placed over the word Last in row 42 and the 1 nsert a R ow command used VisiCalc would nsert a new R ow at 42 make the Last Entry row now 43 and change the summation formula to read 6SUM C1 C43 How s that for Neat So the Last Entry line Is an Important part of the design for without It you would have to manually change all the formulas each time you I nserted a line You will repeated note in the design above that have the titles in the row right below the Last Entry row Although in the VisiCalc model use the T itles command to show both the titles at the top of the screen and the date at the left side of the screen for operator convenience
55. the docu mentation and NEWROOT TEXT is the program Both were originally obtained from MUSUS and also appeared in the August 1983 WAP Journal SSD ORIVER TEXT Ed Knepley and David Neumann For those lucky owners of the Synetix Solid State Disk SSD Ed has written a device driver for you to use in place of Synetix s The benefits are saving money having the source code and its working with Modula 2 from Volition Systems For documentation see Ed s article in the July 1983 issue of the WAP Journal This includes the listings of a STARTUP routine simi lar to the one described above and of a program to make the SSD the root volume NEWROOT on this disk will also work with the SSD and is somewhat more powerful and flexible Dave Neumann has made some modifications to the version of the driver listed In the article making it a tad larger but it is now faster than even the one Synetix provides Dave has also added some code to automatically Z ero the SSD on power up If you keep this in you must be careful about C hanging the volume name of the SSD device The driver Is written for an SSD in slot 5 but this is easily changed at the top of the proqram Again as for any foreign device you want to attach cleanly to Apple Pascal you will need Apple s ATTACH disk to Install the driver MMODEMPTCH TEXT Anonymous This program patches the Apple Pasca 1 1 BIOS to utilize the D C Hayes Micromodem in slot 2 as REMIN REMO
56. the program is to demonstrate the use of the extended precision unit and to give an example of the effects of round off Listing 2 also includes the program output for the solution of the sample problem The method for performing the extended precision arithmetic is based on the use of the long integer type In using EXTPREC real type variables are initially processed through the ST procedure ST converts the real variable value to a 16 digit long integer value representing the mantissa and an integer value representing the exponent After the real type data required for the calculations is converted then The EP procedure is used to perform the arithmetic operations EP uses 33 digit integers as buffers for performing the actua arithmetic operations and main tains 16 significant digits in the resulting mantis sas Once the extended precision portion of the algo rithm is completed the long integer mantissa results and their associated integer exponent values are con verted to real type variables by the SH procedure The VU procedure can be used at any time to print the value of the pseudo extended precision variable see the program output of Listing 2 Although use of EXTPREC requires reprogramming the original algo rithm and program structure are maintained making the reprogramming straightforward It may be that only a smal portion of the Pascal program requires extended precision in which case only that portion would
57. these surge suppressors is a small device called a varistor that absorbs the extra enerqy if the line voltage gets too high What you want to look for is the energy rating of the varistor the higher the better None of these devices are going to withstand a direct lightning strike on the power line then It s baked Apple time So It s not a bad idea to unplug your Apple during a thunder storm When it comes to electromaqnetic or radio frequency Interference RFI protection is less Important than surge protection There are two things that can happen without this protection One RFI can come in the power line and upset the operation of the Apple It would likely take a very large sig nal to upset the Appie and it shouldn t get through the power lines Two RFI FROM the Apple could be put on the power lines upsetting other equipment i e TVs It turns out that most of the RFI gen erated by the Apple travels through the air not the power tines Adding this kind of filter won t do much if anything to help your TV reception Electromagnetic pulses from a nuclear explosion will be airborne Putting something on the power line will not help with this problem have been having trouble finding a screen dump program for an Apple e to an Epson MX100 printer Where can get one Since the MX100 Is a popular printer there are several programs to choose from Printographer by Southwestern Data Systems will dump the Hi Res scree
58. to identify the type Style size and column width and you may save as much as 40 of the cost The short code might look like this TI The tong code like this 965 10 11 14 Every time the type setting machine reads that code it wil put your file into the typestyle size and width that you want to use for most of your text Want to use a different typestyle for the headlines or titles The code for a headline might look like this H1 While there do it yourself are great advantages to this method of typesetting there are some disadvan tages The burden ot accuracy shifts to the original typist After you receive the typeset material If you spot typos or mispellinas that you qenerated when 42 October 1983 IdOTL IME you typed in the material you wil be charged a small AA or author s alteration fee to correct your bloop ers Typing with care becomes important You must insert the codes in some consistent standardized fashion in order for the data to run through the typesetter You will probably not find It easy to typeset difficult tabular matter Charts and graphs can stump beginners 1f you follow the advice in the ScreenWriter manual and the advice of your printer you can learn the proper codes and apply them correctly to complex mate cial Two Important codes automatically appear in the text you keyboard One is the paragraph indent and the other is the carriage return Newspapers and most paperback
59. two steps are to first S ave the new copy onto disk SAVE before anything and everything you know then P rint the Friday Report report she then P rint it The steps are simple Then she R eplicates the formulas from the Well if you develop a Friday report for your own use Please let me know how it goes as would be inter ested Thanks for listening DISK DRIVES 1 99 First time under 200 At last you can afford to buy another drive e Siemens drive mechanism uses lead screw instead of rotating cam for very quiet reliable operation Works with your present controller Can be used as 35 or 40 track drive Improved self centering of diskettes Externally adjustable speed control Handles synchronized tracks Manufacturer s 1 year warrantee These superb ready to use drives come with standard size and color casings Disk controller cards available 65 00 No charge cards or COD orders Add 5 tor shipping and handling Send money order or certified check for immediate shipment 4 extra for 2nd day delivery Ask for free 7ALS125 chip with order VF ASSOCIATES 6327 Western Ave N W Wash D C 20015 202 363 1313 Washington Apple Pi the B M MITAC MATE I DISK DRIVE way is simply the total of ali h fo amp and multiply by 52 So while also have thie S time Bi a M DISK DRIVE CONTROLLER could see E ld 2 80A CARD busi amp M 80 COLUMN CARD there you have i
60. up Gutenberg one must use the original master diskette Once this is done the user may use a copied master on which all programs are available Instructions for maring such a Copied master are in the manual The package is available for Apple Il Il e and in Apple Hi emulation mode Hardware requirements for and il are the shift xey modification preferably a language card to have full 64K memory available and one or two disk drives To use the full power of Gutenberg the printer is the most Important hardware Supported dot matrix printers are Apple NEC Itoh Centronix Epson with Graftrax plus and a full assortment of interface cards Although some of the daisywheel printers are also supported their use would downgrade the power of sss DISCOUNT PRICES sss Monitors Amdek Color 1 Amdek RGB Color i 2425 3683 NEC 1260 Green NEC Color Composite NEC Modems D C Hayes Micromodem II D C Hayes Micromodem II with Terminal Program D C Hayes 300 Baud Smartmodem D C Hayes I2 Amber 120 305 3165 Synetix Disk Emulator 294 K 510 Grappler Printer Card Specify Printer Buffer Board for Grappler 16 K 135 130 Micro Butter 11 32 K 19 O 200 05 em G I S Uninterruptable 4 Power Source SAFT 200 VA Standby Power System Softcard Prem Sys 280 16 K amp Videx Videx Videoterm E Z Ledger Highlands E Z Invoice Highlands 415 450
61. we simply make a count and enter the data Outstanding bills not yet printed or malled number of bills walting receipt of insurance payments and number of new clients for whom no bill has ever been sent We use colored tags on folders to Indicate this Information and these are added or removed whenever work is done on the account Thus weekly we only have to count the tags by their colors In the formula section we can now get additional information Since we now can get the average insurance payments per client from the section before we can also get a fairly accurate picture of our accounts receivable which we cannot get in the more traditional way of simply totalling outstanding accounts 6 Expense information Here simply enter the total of those expenses paid except salaries Also enter a column for Outstanding Accounts Payable we use the VisiCalc Accounts payable program In last months Issue of the Pi to maintain this information and just enter the correct total for this week 7 Salary information The total amount of salary pald is entered in this column 8 Taxes paid Simple enough just enter the amount of taxes actually paid this week Next in the model are the summations of each column Certain columns are not important to sum other are For instance it Js important to know the total number of terminated clients year to date or the year to date total of Insurance payments so those columns are
62. works from either the port or the paddle adapple Any ideas on what the problem is The game 1 0 port has three different functions four digital outputs not used with paddles or joysticks three digital inputs one for your shift key mod and two for the paddle buttons and four analog inputs two are used for the paddle knobs or joystick We will assume that at least either your joystick or paddles work although you might borrow a friend s just to make sure or your paddles on another machine try Before tearing apart the Apple or replacing chips would write a simple program in Applesoft to con vince myself that the paddles are really not work ing For this test dump the paddie adapple and plug directly into the game 1 0 port Try the pro gram below 100 PRINT PDL CO GOTO 100 Run this and turn both paddies if the number changes with one paddle it s okay Now change the zero in the PDL function to a one and try it again with the other paddle To test the buttons run this program 100 PRINT PEEK 49249 gt 127 GOTO 100 Push the paddie buttons the number should change from 0 to when you push one of the buttons To test the other button change the 49249 to 49250 If you ve verified that it is really not working read on have H13 If you location analog happens working Apple an Apple il or Jl the 558 chip at is the one that is used to read the inputs If you turn the knob and nothing this is th
63. 0 If either var zero take shortcut VAR KI 23 THEN ESN KR nf IS MID 18 THEN DB 11412 One smem is zero M N INTEGER EISE I3 I1 I2 Either minuend or subtrahend is zero S2 CHAR N3 Nien2 One exponent is zero EXTNAS Return to main PROCEDURE Of Division EXD ESIN N3 MES Nt N2 Get aba diff of exponents IFI2 0 Dividing ty zero Ji I Equate I1 I2 mmtissa values to J J2 THEN EESIN J2 35 12 WRITELA DIVIIE CHECK EXITING PROGRAM IF Nt gt N2 Test for larger exponent EXIT PROGRAM THEN BEGIN EXD FOR No 1 TO NB Shift R to edd to JI IP I O If dividend eq zero then quotient eq zero DO J2 J2e5 DIV 10 THEN ENGIN N3 9 Nl oo return exponent to Ni I 0 ED NB 32 0 ELSE ESIN EQ DI FOR SN 21 TIBG Shift J to add to 2 Br ais DO J 9 3145 DIV 10 z H 2 12 ate return exponent to 12 Ki I1 E16 100 Put dividend mantissa into 33 digit buffer de x NS r Ni N2 1 Calculate exponent of quotient IF SI If addition add mantissas NM Kt DIV 12 Calculate quotient mantissa THEN Mb i eR NM z 105 DIV 10 Round off mantissa ELSE IM Ji 22 else subtract Z fram JI mmntissas 9 IFMMDIV2 0 Check mmter of digits in mantissa IF NM DIV 10 E16 O Check mantissa for less than 2 THEN Ij NM If 16 digits then okay THEN BEGIN 16 digits a ELSE BEGIN IF RM DIV E16 O AND NM lt gt 0 Id 9e1ddy uopbujysem 86l 4090490 fA THEN REPEAT NM M
64. 00000000000ED gt 1 73205080756887EHD 4 00000 4 0000000000000008D gt 2 000000000000000ED 5 00000 5 000000000000000ED gt 2 23606 191 1498190ED 6 00000 6 000000000000000ED gt 2 449489 142 T8351 TEED 7 00000 7 0000000000000008D gt 2 645751311064591ED 8 00000 8 000000000000000ED gt 2 828427124746190ED 9 00000 9 0000000000000008D gt 3 000000000000000ED 1 00000Et 1 000000000000000E1 gt 3 1622776601 6838000 TUO PASCAL BOOK REVIEWS by Robert C V APPLE PASCAL A HANDS ON APPROACH by Arthur Luehrmann and Herbert Peckman 1981 McGraw Hill pp 430 16 95 This book is intended for the first time programmer Although it does not require prior knowledge of any programming language it goes out of Its way to dis pell any mlsimpressions which might have been created by the prior study of Basic The authors tackle a difficult assignment with great skill Not only does the text provide a gradual introduction to al import ant features of the Pascal language It also inte grates an introduction to the UCSD p system The book consists of fourteen sessions consists of step by step instructions on using the features of Apple Pascal The sessions consist of a good mix of activities and explanatory text Although it is possible to use this book for successful self study have also used It as a text for live instruc tion Each session ends with a summary of all new material cumulative tables sh
65. 301 422 8926 Calls up until midnight are ok would like to bring to the attention of your readers MEMBERSHIP IN CALL A P P L E the fact that Med data Inc in Atlanta Georgia of which am the president has an excellent offic Membership in Cal A P P L E a users group in Kent management package for doctors which will perform all Washington is available at a discount to WAP members of the office functions including super bill and mult The one time application fee is 5 instead of 25 and iple insurance forms The program originally was the annual dues of 20 remain the same making a total written for Apple It and Apple e and will very of 25 for the first year Call the WAP office for shortly be available for the IBM PC and IBM XT and all further details and an application blank of Its clones Sincerely Robert i Lowenberg MD President Med data INC 180 Allen Road N E Suite 201N Atlanta GA 30328 6 October 1983 Washington Apple Pi S5 1G NEWS APPLE SIG meets on the second Thursday of the month at 7 30 PM The next meeting will be on October 15 at Universal Computers 1710 Fern Street Alexan dria VA ASMSIG meets immediately after the regular Washington Apple PI meeting Bustness SIG meets just after the regular Washington Apple Pi meeting EDSIG the education special interest group see the EDSIG Page elsewhere in this Issue Home Control SIG will meet after the regular WAP
66. 6 7O3 527 0455 Sar rs E ae 1 Washington Apple PI October 1983 55 APPLE WRITER 7 e OK IDATA 92 EMBEDDED PRINT COMMANDS by Lewis Rronow recently purchased an Apple e mostly for word processing work The program selected was Apple Writer tt for e the printer an Okidata Microline 92 and the interface card the PKASO 0K12 The system is quite satisfactory and find that the Apple Writer program is easy to learn and has all the sophisticated features need including glossaries find and replace and mail merges And with the qlos sary of special print commands described below can call up a great variety of type sizes and quality line compression underlining super and subscripts and other features with single keystrokes without leaving the word processing program It did take me a fairly siqnificant amount of time to master the technique of embedding print commands into text and perhaps can save someone else the trouble of duplicating the process The goal is to create a glossary of print commands Then to call up a special feature one merely presses open apple and the under line key _ simultaneously to get underlining open apple and the hyphen to turn it off open apple and the up arrow to get superscripts or turn off subscript open apple and the down arrow to get sub scripts or to turn off superscript and so forth To create this glossary file first boot Apple Writer EM The SPEC
67. ATCH ASM TEXT PATCH SYS TEXT ALTCHARS TEXT Michael Hartman When qot my new Apple e home it didn t do any more than my old Pius did I was waiting for the Extended 80 Column Text Card to become available also work without modification for a lower case chip in an Apple or Plus These programs are neces sary only for the standard 40 column screen Any 80 column card will accomplish lower case display automatically INTERRUPT TEXT Arley Dealey Ever tried to use interrupts with Apple Pascal 1 1 You probably had some trouble This file from Arley Dealey explains the bug in the floppy disk driver and shows how to patch it ASE HEADER TEXT Arley Dealey The Advanced System Editor ASE from Volition Systems is a superset of the standard Apple Pascal editor For those of you who have it Arley and Volition have been kind enough to provide the text file header declarations for ASE releases 0 4 through 0 9 Both this and the file above were obtained with permis sion from MUSUS the USUS SIG on CompuServe NEWROOTDOC TEXT NEWROOT TEXT John Stokes Now that you have a RAM disk see RAMHOOK RAMORIVER and SSD DRIVER wouldn t you like it to be your root disk No more waiting while SYSTEM PASCAL or UNITS from SYSTEM LIBRARY are loaded This program gives you that capability for Apple Pascal 1 1 Any device you choose hard floppy or RAM disk can become your root not boot volume NEWROOTDOC TEXT is
68. Apple you must add 200 to 275 for that peripheral You would end up with one heck of a system but with your pocketbook considerably lighter A combination of Executive Secretary and Sensible Speller would cost about 250 discounted Even if you added the General Manager DEMS the entire cost would be about the same as the WordStar package excluding the cost of a CP M card This system would complex strings of commands may be entered and used be somewhat less effective than WordStar for word with a single keystroke processing but a lot more powerful overall as the WordStar group listed above does not include a DBMS FORM LETTERS Of the three processors Executive Secretary clear y As indicated previously WPL is the special language has more built in features than Pie Writer or Apple that can be used to create various types of command Writer It is far from being a flawless program how contd on pq 57 54 October 1983 Washington Apple PI file examples are located on the master o I AM WHAT I AM AAP WHAT AM mm As the old saying goes One step at a time And so then this is my first step in writing to such a learned audience as well as my first step in writing about a N 1234567890000 subject pertaining to the Apple microcomputer Final ly by way of Introduction must thank both Peter Combes and Lee Raes y for the xernel of an idea behind 10 REM ELIMINATING THE EXPONENTIAL FORMAT FOR th
69. D unit is used to convert aen Apple Pascal progrem from mmal precision to ertened precision The solution to the problem is shown at the emi of the program listing PROGRAM EXAMHLE for demonstrating use of EXTPREC unit USES EXIPRED CONST Ma2 Set system size i e Mx Mj TYPE RANGE O M EXP INTEGER sii serere WAT RANGE RANCE OF EXP VE RANGE OF REAL ERE RANGE OF BGI XE RANGE OF EXP INIEX M H VAR N RANGE Number of rows and columns A MAT Normal precision coefficient matrix AEP EPMAT Ext prec mantissas of coefficient matrix AX XMAT Ext prec exponents of coefficient matrix B VE normal precision force vector EEP ENE Ext prec mantissas of force vector EX WE Ie prec exponents of force vector X VEC formal precision solution I J K INDEX MC GAUSSIAN ELIMINATION PROCEDURE GAUSSELIM VAR I J K INDEX C FEAL Normal precision intermediate value CEP BN Extended precision intermediate mantissa value CX EXP Extended precision intermediate exponent value DUMEP KN Extended precision scratch mantissa DUMX EXP Extended precision scratch exponent PROCEDURE REDUCE Cbtaina upper triangular matrix from A BEGIN FOR K 1 TO N 1 DO EMIN FOR I e Kei TO N DO EEDIN Normal precision reduction NP c ACI K NP IFC 0 0 NP THEN DO NOTHING NP
70. ES z2 if you find a lower price give us a chance to beat it Feel free to call for answers to technical questions We can supply HUNDREDS of other accessories prograns and cosputer systeas sost WITHIN 24 HOURS TO ORDER Call JEFF OILLON at 301 or Mail cashiers certified check or M O to 434 0405 OPERANT SYSTEMS 7676 New Haspshire Ave Suite 312 Langley Park Md 20783 All itess carry full manufacturer s warranties and are fully tested by us prior to delivery Md residents add 5 tax UPS shipping is available October 1983 9 was assigned to each four or five children on the materials one to each two or three on computers They started with one computer but this year will be starting with three Two are Pluses and one a e The PTA had donated the first machine which had been used for after school work and for courses The first computer had thus earned the second and those two earned the third Hopefully the three would earn a fourth The ideal was considered to permit two children per computer There was a little LOGO a little BASIC and programs on problem solving areas LOGO had been found to be equally successful at any age and at any educational level it did everything that Papert promised first also Wor kshops eight weeks and planned were held to prepare parents for the classes for teachers were Like June Betty wished that the children could have more than 45 min
71. IAL file was Lloaded from the Apple Writer master disk as a document square brackets indicates the control key is held down The last six commands in SPECIAL catalog save glossary file new erases memory print restore program defaults and quit were retained the remainder deleted New glos sary items were created with the following sequence VI Designator i e t for tiny print LIH Instruction i e 254F for 17 characters per CR iv Back arrow appropriate spaces 6 in instance above Load CONTROLV from Applewriter master CR Forward arrow appropriate spaces 5 in example above L oad CONTROLV from Applewriter master CR Forward arrow one space CR inch The newly created glossary file is Slaved to disk as a document which called SPECIALX The file uses tess than 200 characters so there is plenty of room in the glossary buffer memory 2048 characters capaci ty for you to add additional glossary items to SPECIALX Of course you cannot use any of the desig nators already employed for printer commands Remem ber in order to use this file it must be put into memory as a glossary file using QJE When loaded as a glossary file pressing IG the designator and a carriage return inserts the command into text Even easier press open apple and the designator simul taneously to get the desired function The table below lists the functions available and the various designators used The entry c
72. MO Scale up mantissa N3 N51 and adjust exponent result UNTIL NM DIV E16 O until 16 digits END ELSE BEGIN Mantissa is 17 digits N3 N31 Adjust exponent result MM NM DIV 10 Scale down by ten END I5 M END PROCEDURE VUC ID BON N INTEGER Used by EP to write arithmetic VAR S3 Smumu 17 operations to screen HESL Uses string to write extended precision neber IF D lt 0 Set S2 to sign of mantissa THEN S2 ELSE S2 c 5 IF ID 0 THEN ID ID Make mantissa positive if negative STR ID S3 Convert mantissa to string INSERIN S3 2 Place decimal after ist digit WRITELN S2 S3 E Write ext prec value to screen IF Se oe THEN ID ID Reset sign of mantissa END ESNI CASE S1 OF Determine arithmetic operation um 3 AS IPP 1 THEN HELIN Write arithmetic operation to screen vU2 11 81 WRITELN S1 s W2 12 12 WRITELN W2 13 N3 WRITELN WRITELN END ED PROCEDURE ST Stretch real to extended precision variable CONST E15 1000000000000 E10 1000000000 D ABS X Cet absolute value of mantissa N 3 Set expment to rormalization value p4uoo END IFX lt O TEN S2 EISE S2 5 Get sig of D IF D lt 1 085 If abs value less than 1000 THEN REPEAT D D00 0 10 0 Scale up value N 1 and adjust exponent UNTIL D gt 1 053 until value larger than 1000 IF
73. MP C Itoh 8510 NEC 8023 Centronics 739 Epson MX100 and MX80 with Graftrax Apple Letter Quality Qume Sprint 5 9 C Itoh F10 printers List 325 Special Price to WAP Members 270 prepaid Send check for money order to JPV Associates P O Box 26074 Lansing MI 4890 Washington Apple Pi amp Washington want malled to you Apple Pits library disks are avallable for purchase WASHINGTON APPLE PI DISK LIBRARY MAIL ORDER FORM PROGRAM DISKETTES Mailed to you b Ist 5 remainder f Members 7 00 ea Non members 10 00 ea 5 00 ea n 8 00 ea This form is only for ordering disks that you Diskettes picked up at the meeting or at the office are 5 00 for members 8 00 for non members DOS 3 2 RRR RRR m um um um mu I UA UA I a ue um I Vm um uA um m Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Vol ume DOS 3 3 M m m m m AA Vol ume Vol ume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Volume Vol ume Buutuyuviuvivuism9UyVPNNNNSCIZaARkOGNIGO OO OU n5 UN Ow0 XJ0 Us UuwN GOGOO0 0U wuwWN OOOG
74. RIVE 2 IS WORKING 560 570 580 This program will not be correct a file named XXXX does exist on somehow was recorded incorrectly because If VERIFY finds a bad file It returns an I O ERROR thus fooling the program into thinking that the drive isn t working if by some chance the disk and it There is no way to just test if a disk drive is connected without having a disk in it understand it is not a good idea to turn your Apple on and off all the time but how can you get out of programs that won t let you reset forcing you to turn off The main concern in turning your Apple on and off is the weak power switch on the back of the Apple if you use this switch a lot sooner or later usually sooner It will fail Originally this meant that the entire power supply had fo be replaced for a 50 cent switch Now believe the dealers can replace just the switch The best solution is to get a power strip type extension cord and use the switch on that to turn everything on and off An additional advantage is that you won t accidentally forget and leave some peripheral on It is probably better for the electronics in your Apple If you leave it turned on rather than turning it on and off for short periods of time The chips inside the Apple do not wear out from use but are somewhat sensitive to power surges that occur when the machine is turned on Woz says he leaves his machine on all the time After editing an Appl
75. SY 2 Minute Manual For Apple Writer e 7 95 Contains codes for Epson FX HX Apple NEC Prowriter Okidata amp Geaini Glossary Disk 9 95 Access any of these codes with a single keystroke 3 Minute Hanual For Apple Writer JI 7 95 MINUTE MANUALS available at COMM CENTER and aany fine computer and book stores like B Dalton or Send check and 1 shipping 52 tax in MD to MinuteWare PO Box 2392 Coluabia HD 21045 301 995 1166 15 Q amp A by Bruce F Q 9 14 fhink may have a problem with my power supply When first boot up the text on my monitor will often be wavy and flickering As the day wears on the text firms up and the problem seems to disappear The am would Apple problem may be with your power supply however Inclined to suspect other things First check the cable from the video output on the to the monitor The best way to check It is to replace it with another cable at least temporarily If the display is flickering this is usually the problem Sometimes other equipment placed close to the moni tor notably another monitor wil produce inter ference Try turning off any nearby equipment There Is an adjustment Inside the Apple in the rear right hand corner that controls the video signal level to the monitor see the Apple Reference man ual for the exact location Changing this small potentiometer may help your problem You can t damage anything with this adjustme
76. UT Uni tRead Uni tWwrite and UnitClear and would expect Read ReadLn Write and WriteLn in your own or other s programs will now talk to the Micromodem The program directly patches the inter preter BIOS fite SYSTEM APPLE which it expects to find on the root disk This file was obtained from the Source Pascal Information Network SPIN its author was not identified Are any of you ace pro This was incredibly frustrating after spending all grammers Inspired to write a device driver for the that money so broke out my BIOS disassembly and Micromodem which can be ATTACHed in the standard way wrote these programs They are a collection of routines for patching Apple Pascal 1 1 to utilize the contd on nu 25 lower case typefont on the Apple e They should z Washington Apple Pi October 1983 21 GATES dE OR ize bu Leslie THE LAST GLADIATOR Electric Arts has released yet another winner in The Last Gladiator The game is original and fun to play especially if you are getting tired of shoot em ups and want a fast action game where strategy can be as Important as speed In this game you are one of the last gladiators in the era of classic Rome Armed with a variety of weapons from a club to a boomerang you must fight and kill many monsters and even do battle with the Emperor himself Minor deficiencies In sound and color are more than made up for by the originality and diversity of the game One of the best things about this
77. a _ Underline p P At symbol n N Carrot m M 7 Tilde M lt Left square bracket cu gt Right square bracket NX Backslash 3 If you have quotations or other material you wish to appear in condensed type slightly indented sug gest you set the left margin OL at 10 and the right margin OR at 100 Don t worry when the text starts to ao off the riqht side of the screen the text will scroll left and the cursor will keep up with you For expanded type remember that you have only 66 char acters per line and if you exceed that it will qo on to the next line despite what the screen shows 4 The article noted that expanded modes alter the spaces as well as the show how this can be a problem and compressed letters Let me WSuppose you type a paragraph in con densed type that looks like this on screen R But when you go to print it you get a surprise the first line is indented far more than you wanted and it overhangs the right margin Why doesn t it look like it did on the screen How do you fix it The problem is that the spaces before the first word are not compressed you didn t order them compressed and the spaces before each of the following lines are compressed So you type your command W in Column T tiaht against the left marqin so there are no uncom pressed spaces That will fix it 48 October 1985 iN 5 Wordstar is designed to compensate for command
78. a fit of cleverness he has hidden the bulk of the driver in a fragmented portion of the auxiliary memory so that is doesn t fill valuable main RAM space What do you use such a thing for Put SYSTEM COMPILER out there and speed up your compiles by a factor of two Run your seqmented programs from the RAM disk and youtI never know they re overlaid The file RAMHOOK TEXT contains the documentation and the small hook of the driver which is provided to the ATTACH routines RAMORIVER TEXT includes most of the device driver and the routine for copying it into the auxiliary memory To install the driver you will need Apple s ATTACH disk available from WAP as PIGO Note that this RAM disk can coexist with double hi res graphics provided you M ake a file which reserves blocks 12 27 STARTUP TEXT STARTUP EXEC Michael Hartman Here are two very small files for use with the RAM disk driver described above STARTUP TEXT calls the routine which copies the RAM driver into auxiliary memory and chains to the exec file STARTUP EXEC This Z eros the RAM disk on power up only makes it the prefix volume and asks you the date You can add your own startup procedures to both of these You must compile STARTUP TEXT link it to the assembled RAMDRIVER TEXT name the result SYSTEM STARTUP and put it and STARTUP EXEC on your boot disk They wil then be executed every time the system is booted or i nited LOWER CASE INFO PATCH LC TEXT P
79. ail A new low cost service will turn your personal computer into a powerful investment tool using the same data communications facilities that E F Hutton uses in its worldwide network Contact George V Hart E F Hutton amp Company 1825 Eye Street N W Suite 1000 Washington D C 20006 202 331 2587 or 800 368 5811 xr Hutton October 1985 41 SCREENWRITER bu Peter Combes Many of us have used Screenwriter with letter quality printers to produce material almost of publication standard The next step in the search for quality is obviously to have the material typeset Since type setters use computerized equipment can we get the typesetter s computer to read a Screenwriter file Guest columnist Patricia N Holland reports on two local typesetting firms that are offering this ser vice Screenwriter and any other word processing program that creates text files on an Apple does a beautiful job driving a typesetter It seems almost magic to type maferial into your Apple in the morning and have the same copy neatly typeset and delivered to your desk by afternoon Large and small publishing companies have created a demand for ways to interface or link word processing small computers with their sophisticated typesetting equipment With our Apples we can tap the same bene fits sought by the publishing companies The benefits include savings of money and time Think about what happens when some
80. al Registration s e eec ccce nn Advertiser s Index Number 1O 23 33 34 40 41 41 42 43 46 48 49 55 56 58 60 Win an APPLE lle SYSTEM INS TRU MENTS PROF ve SIG YPRO PORTABLE COM of our LOCATION it s operation ve opening 1 we re gt Plaga ha There s only one place to buy apples AT FREDERICK COMPUTER PRODUCTS As an Authorized Apple Dealer we offer a full selection of both Apple Hardware and Software at low low prices Also as an Authorized Service Center we provide fast and efficient service on all Apple products FREDERICK COMPUTER PRODUCTS INC Microcomputer Systems And Peripherals 5726 INDUSTRY LANE FREDERICK MD 301 694 8884 g apple computer e Authorized Dealer Washington Apple Pi October 1985 FROM OUR SCHEDULE FOR BEGINNERS Introduction to dBase II Thursday 10 13 10 20 9 00am 11 30an Introduction to dBase 1I Tuesday 1 1 11 8 9 30am 11 30am Bank Street Writer Friday 9 30 10 00am 12 00pm Introduction to Screenwriter Wednesday 10 5 9 30an 11 30am WordStar Beginning Thursday 10 6 1 00an 3 30pm WordStar Beginning Wednesday 10 19 1 00an 3 30pn LOGO as a Wednesday 9 28 3 00pm 5 00pm Programming Language FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED Introduction to Computers Tuesday 11 8 11 15 11 22 5 30pm 7 30pm Anne Edwards will interpret in sign language FOR ADVANCED Modul a2 Thursday 11 17 7 00pm 9 15pm Problem sol
81. ally seeking the comfort of print to screen previews to make sure every thing is okay or b become proficient with cut join commands Unfortunately Pie Writer does not have stroke screen reformat commands of WordStar CTRL B or Palantir CTRL F nor the auto reformatting of Benchmark Another reasonable substitute for this type of processor is that of the ZARDAX word processor from Computer Solutions of Mt Gravatt Australia press escape at anytime in the print preview function called Videoprint and you wil be returned to edit mode and the precise screen that you were pre viewing This makes the detection and editing of for mat errors a fast two step action Also the ZARDAX preview function is an edit mode command you do not have to enter a separate module to use it Document printing routines are typical They are easy to invoke and individual pages may be selected for output The Mail Merge function of Pie Writer performs stand ard form letter operations i e insertion of address and other variables into forms as they are being printed but it tacks the versatility and capabili ties of others inctuding Executive Secretary Data files apparently cannot be read from text files cre ated by a data base management system without consid erable modification or the creation of your own pro grams to accomplish this action In addition there is no provision for conditional IF THEN ELSE state ments to select use
82. amp bout our MONTHLY SPECIALS pP P P P L L E E PLI October 1985 Washington Appie PI X K amp kK d X Description List Salo Description HARDWARE Disk Drives Micro Sci A35 wio Controller A35 w Controtier Rana Elite One Elite One Plus Controller Quentin 500 5mb hard disk 5 A floppy dtive Controller Card BMC 12A 15MHz AMDEK Video 300G Video 300A Dot Matrix Printers Epson MX BO FX 80 Mx 100 IDS Prism 132 wail options MicroPrism NEC 8023 Okdata 92 93 Monitors dBase I with ZIP DB Master Utitty pac 1 Ut ity pac 2 Stat pac General Manager BUSINESS Data Managers IntoStac Replaces DataStar PFS File Report Graph Versatorm It Visite Accounting Plus 1 lo Business Bookkeeping Syst E 2 Ledger General Ledger w Payables Home Accountant Payroll 549 00 Recervables 699 00 845 00 1 699 00 799 00 645 00 Asset Manager Budget Planner CatcStar Multtiptan SuperCalc VisiCalc 699 00 1 199 00 Daisy Wheel Printers AC C itoh Starwnter 40cps Prowniter 55cps Smith Corona TP 1 Transtar 130 Best Buy 1 895 00 2 395 00 895 00 895 00 Surge Protection Kensington System Saver Also available Modems Accounting em Business Forecasting Model tor VisiCaic and much much more New Specials Davong 5mb hard disk drive Microtek Paralle
83. as considerable experi ence with LOGO and the Tasmanian Turtle Two and a half years ago she started as an experiment a com puter discovery room It had four large tables and three Astrovision computers with special control panels The design of the joysticks it was found made a big difference It was Important that the movement of the point on the screen be in the same sense as the movement of the top of the joystick Stability and sensitivity were also important factors For the first year the computers worked mostly in the Graphics mode They were very successful particular ly in giving the children the sense that they were In control Computers were then less famitar items Two and a half years ago June remarked a child would walk into the center see one of the computers and say There s a TV now a child will say There s a game machine Much of the work on changing the child s initially passive attitude as if watching a TV set to an active attitude was done with simple graphics programs such as one to change the width color and background of a bar on the screen From then on Guided Discovery was used and it was found that different children used the machines in different ways Some created fantasy pictures Others drew pictures of reality others concentrated on letters and numbers As the children became more familiar with programs the computers were moved into the classroom for follow on work June emphasize
84. aso 29 95 20 95 Videx Videoterm 80 345 00 CALL David s Midnight Magic 34 95 24 95 Amdek Color Monitor 449 00 299 95 Ultima I io Hines Res 39 95 29 95 C Itoh Prowriter 80 col P 495 00 387 95 Mr ouod be odes eh ate dore dt 29 95 Epson MX 80 F T We accept VISA or Mastercard include card and expiration date personal checks allow 2 weeks Mail orders to or oid ii VA residents add 4 sales tax TRISTATE SYSTEMS No credit card penalty e Include 2 00 for shipping P O Box 2544 All software products on disk Springfield VA 22152 All prices subject to change without notice or call 703 569 9363 MasterCard We carry a large line of discount software Write us for our free catalog THANK YOU FOR YOUR ORDER 35 Washington Apple Pi October 1985 We have two checking accounts a general checking from which we pay al of our payments except salary The second one is of course a salary account Thus when we pay a salary check we can be pretty sure that fhere can be no bank or internal to our organization foul up which could cause an employee s paycheck to accidently bounce This can be very unsettling to morale The other accounts we have are the regular statement which earns 0525 interest where all Income is deposited and three others These are all in a Savings amp Loan and gives us several advan tages First all deposits ar
85. ched Like Pie which you will be asked whether the document is to be printed to screen or paper and the number of copies Once those questions have been answered the printing format screen will appear and you will be able to temporarily modify any of a multitude of default set tings After you have satisfied your format related whims the document will be printed Then menu will ask what you want to do next including ar option to reprint filename once again There are lots of other menus but will not bore you with them found the menu dependent structure of Executive Secretary to be excellently designed and not intrusive Of the many other features of Executive Secretary will briefly discuss only the Card File and Form Let ter functions Like Pie Writer and Apple Writer dot commands and contro characters may be imbedded into the text of a document and there are a wide variety of special formatting and document manipula tion functions Also Executive Secretary has elec tronic mail and OIF file transfer functions among others Readers should experiment with these features at their favorite software retailer The Card File program will store a limited amount of address or other information A maximum of 13 fields can be defined and the actual number of fields per mitted is dictated by the overall length of the rec ord Files are easy to set up Special index files can be developed to produce sorted reports
86. ctions that require time and effort to master Some of these wil be discussed later in this section The Main Menu contains the following options l Create Edit Documents 2 Print Documents 3 Create Edit a Card File 4 Delete Transfer Restore Xe List Other Choices D Dash Off a Quick Note The Other Options in choice X Include 5 Set Up a Document Disk 6 Change System Features 7 Send Document By Phone B Alphabetical Indexer If you select item I you will be spirited to the following menu THE DOCUMENT EDITOR A Select a document B Start a new document P Go to the printer M Go to other menus Should you elect to start a new document al files on fhe current data disk would be displayed An example of such a screen is shown below DATA 1 Room on Disk for 23 300 more words 1 Test 2 Test2 3 ES Article 4 Letter to Jim Name of file to create The data disk volume name Is shown at the top A vol me Is named at the time of disk Initialization Remaining disk and memory capacity are computed In words Presumably there are about six characters per word this translates Into approximately 16 000 bytes of memory for document creation and editing An Exec file function is available for consecutive print ing of a series of Interrelated files Once you enter the name of the document to be created the edit screen will be displayed At the top of this user manual tutorials that do not emphasize
87. d memory 80 column card two disk drives a CP M card Microsoft version 2 2x video monitors monochrome and color and a wide carriage dot matrix printer with suitable interface Other hardware items can be added as need and budget indi cate The most obvious problem is acquisition of review software Some items have been donated by local deal ers these and any other donations may ultimately be sold at our garage sales to provide additional funds to the commercial library account Publishers will be requested to provide review copies of software to the demand exists A final source is purchase a limited fund will be maintained for this purpose Purchase will only be considered for software with a broad appeal Listings of available software wil be published in the Journal periodically New additions will be announced as received A current list will be main tained in the club office While some donated soft ware will be periodically sold there is no Intention to organize software sales We will attempt to main tain a local source or sources for each Item when ever publishers or dealers provide such information A final consideration is to provide Information to as many members as possible There are two avenues available to us formal reviews can be published in the Journal and demonstrations can be provided at the monthly meetings Either of these require here it comes qualified volunteers If you are willing to
88. d the benefits of having a programmer on hand Indeed June found that there was positive interaction between the programmers and the children and this led to improvements in the programs based on the children s suqqestions B October 1983 Research showed that misconceptions are easily developed and June quoted a finding in Delaware that some children thought that the frogs in a game program would jump out if someone took the top of the TV off 65 children per day attend the Center for Young Child ren 30 in the morning and 35 in the afternoon They work on the computers first individually and then in pairs June quoted a familiar statistic We didn t have enough computers to give them more than 15 min utes a week each The university is a good source of graduate students To do observation work and research had been carried out that coded the position of each child in the room every 10 seconds After the novelty had worn off they found that the presence of the computers in the room did not affect the children s choices of other things The teachers fear of losing the children to the computers just didn t materialize There was a statistically significant difference between the sexes the boys qot more turns on the computer than the girls who preferred to wait for a session with the teacher However the length of attention span was not a boy girl issue High school teachers in the audience reported that in high schools
89. dust covers to fit various confia 510 ONERR GOTO 550 urations of Apple hardware 520 F 1 REM INITIALIZE FLAG contd October 1983 Washington Apple Pi A Q Q Q Cover Craft makes a number of flexible viny dust covers for the Apple and several monitors Several of the local computer stores probably can get these for you but have seen them in stock at The Micro Connection in Vienna VA for around 10 SACON a systems integrator in Gaithersburg MD 315 E Diamond Avenue next to the railroad station tel 258 9505 can order a wide variety of covers to fit many combinations of Apples disk drives and monitors These go for 12 to 17 How can restore the DOS 3 3 tracks on a disk after they have been blown without wiping out other programs on the disk BRUN the MASTER CREATE program on your system mas ter diskette This program is Intended to convert a slave diskette to a master diskette able to boot on any memory size machine It does fhis by writing a new copy of DOS to the first three tracks on the diskette How to use this program is described on page 44 of the DOS Manual or on page 106 of the new DOS Programmer s Manual MASTER CREATE will only work if the initialization of the first three tracks is still intact If MASTER CREATE is unable to rewrite DOS then the best solution is to use the FID program on your system master diskette to copy all the programs to a new diskette FID is described
90. e Ali along one must mane sure the enhanced mode has not been turned on The control ey for compressed mode is CTRL O code 15 which worns fine in the editor listing but gives trouble In RUNOFF had to use a RP lt CTRL X CTRL W gt 15 earlier in the program to give a Replace Character To provide a superscript and a subscript for a particular symbol requires instruc tions to return to normal after one character and do an extra bac space before continuing lt CTRL H gt pro vides a bac space lt SC CTRL P provides a null char acter preceeded by the usual CTRL X I should note here that my eyboard does not have a shift ney modi fication and this could maxe a difference ASC A string to dive a compressed superscript would be provided by lt CTRL X gt lt CTRL W gt lt CTRL X gt ESC S lt CTRL X gt lt CTRL SHIFT P CTRL X lt CTRL H gt A return to normal without turning off double strike would be provided by CTRL X ESC T CTRL X lt CTRL R gt These strings are very long and hard to remember The MACRO facility should be just the thing here t can worn but it found it very strange Only once did 1 manage to properly save a macro table It handled subscripting with a CTRL S superscripting with ESC CTRL and a return to normal with a If a is needed then it can be obtained by preceding it on the 58 Allow 2 weeks for personal checks to clear HOlBank draft sh
91. e Immediately usable no hold is put on our deposits Second we are able to wire transfer funds to any regular account by simply picking up the telephone Since funds are never actually handled after they are deposited we have greater employee safety since transfers can only go to specified accounts savings account other accounts are Back up Fund Trust Fund and Salary Savings These are all Money Market Funds at the same Savings amp Loan and we earn 095 Interest compounded dally on these accounts currenti y They are used In the following manner The The Trust Fund holds the taxes FICA SUTA and other amounts that have been allocated for future payment Thus when a salary Is paid Immediately the appropri ate amount for taxes is also withdrawn and placed in fhe Trust Fund Therefore when taxes are due we have them already and have been earning interest We also know what percentage of our average income we need for salaries in our case it Is 50 and we transfer 50 of all deposits into the Salary Savings at the time we make a deposit Again when salaries are due we already have the money and have been earning interest The final account is the Back up Fund We know from history from the Friday Report of course that there are certain cyclical times when Income goes down yet expenses do not The major one Is the sum mer when Income Is off down by 30 a month Thus we need to have approximately 10 of ou
92. e chip that probably isn t The chips on the circuit board in the are laid out more or less in a grid pattern The rows of chips are labelied along the left side of the board using the letters from A to K The columns are labelled along the front side from 1 to 14 So H13 is the chip in the seventh row from the front and the thirteenth column from the left If the paddle buttons don t work the usually the 74LS251 at location H14 problem is Washington Apple PI SPEEDING UP YOUR APPLE A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS by Ed Knepley FASTER THAN A SPEEDING Do you ever wish that your Apple could move along a little quicker One of the advantages of owning an Apple is that you don t have to stick with what the Woz gave you There are many hardware and software alternatives and enhancements avallable out there This article will attempt to shed a little light on a few of the things that you can do to speed things up besides run out and buy a Sage IV There are two basic factors which affect the speed of your proqrams e Hardware primarily the speed of the CPU and the speed of mass memory e Software primarily the operating system and the choice of programming language for the particular application program e Hardly much left after saying hardware and software is there However the impact of a poorly designed algorithm can easily outweigh the best hardware software decisions e g using a bubblesort algorith
93. e covered include personal computers in the as against a more structured approach and the issue business environment in industrial and R amp D organi za of how to measure learning tions in government offices micro to mainframe net working data bases and standards Several exhibits What is needed is will be demonstrated e g VisiOn VisiLink 1 2 3 PFS Data Ease Multi Tool T K Solver etc More hardware Better designed software Registration fee is 50 for IEEE members and 35 for More people Non members For more information cal Carol Petris ko from Washington 953 7100 ext 2364 from Baltimore 792 7800 ext 2364 g 10 October 1983 Washington Apple PI PISABLEDSIG NEWS bu Jay M Thal 0 9 X He GO 09 09 HR X X X DISABLEDSIG OCTOBER MEETING THURSDAY OCT 13 1983 7 00 P M Chevy Chase Community Center Connecticut Ave amp McKinley St NW D C ee 8 0 0 HR X 0 X X X X X x The DISABLEDSIG is about to launch its most ambitious undertaking thus far Those of you who looked at the event queue in the September issue must have noted that the subject of the November Apple Pi meeting will be on the uses of personal computers by the disabled We hope to have a variety of speakers and demonstra tions which will show the flexibility of our machines in aiding the blind deaf physically cognitively and emotionally impaired Persons who are interested in assisting in the presen tation have Inquiries rega
94. e in Sammy Lightfoot now common in many new games is a high score record where the top ten scores are kept This high score area can be cleared at any time so you don t have to keep looking at the disqusting scores your friends might have made The documentation Is complete but simple The in structions include how to move Sammy from place to place and what the control characters are As in all Sierra On Line programs the documentation is compre hensive and easy to understand a combination some times hard to find in a fast action game Sammy Lightfoot runs on an Apple Il or e with 48K and one disk drive The program is controlled by joy stick paddle or keyboard A self centering joystick works best though an Atari type with a Wico adaptor also works well A non centering Joystick also works pretty well The paddles also work wel but they are not quite as responsive as the joysticks The key board mode is set up for either lefties or right handed players by using two different sets of three letters each on opposite sides of the keyboard The keyboard mode is my favorite because it seems to be The most responsive This is an original game which is enjoyeble for a while but which soon becomes tiring for an experienced player The graphics are excellent but the sound Is unimpressive While not a game for hardcore arcade gamers if you are just a beginning player or have young children who get frustrated by the harder games t
95. e incarnation of the e o Pie Writer by Hayden Software Version 2 2 150 o The Executive Secretary by Sof Sys Version 4 1 250 o Apple Writer by Apple Computer e version 150 These programs are powerful but in quite different ways Pie Writer can do many things well but Its versatility makes It a somewhat complicated package to use It has a feature unusual for Apple DOS based software it is neither write nor copy protected Therefore it can be copied using the COPYA utility and programmers can add their own routines or modify those that exist It is also designed for writing and editing Pascal and machine language programs Executive Secretary and Apple Writer also are versa tile packages but along more traditional lines Executive Secretary Includes a mail list card file the capacity to access other programs from its menu and an electronic mail utility Apple Writer e does not have all of the bells and whistles of the other two programs but as we shall see has a few strong points of its own including outstanding search and glossary functions in keeping with the Apple DOS tradition standard versions of Executive Secretary and Apple Writer are both copy and write protected A hard disk version of Executive Secretary for the Corvus drive only is available for an additional 100 the hard disk pack age includes a special peripheral card yes it must take up one of your valuable card slots as par
96. e language code Since this is the upper part e Print Length of proaram of the keyboard buffer it is a good place to insert a L PLz PEEK 175 PEEKC T76 256 small machine language program Then twenty seven PEEK 103 PEEK 104 256 m bytes are entered separated by spaces as is always required by the Monitor The lowercase m represents e Print free memory without doing garbage the RETURN key which ends the entry of data All that coliection is required now is to tel the Monitor where to start contd on pq 48 40 October 1983 Wash naton Apple Pi rs PRINTER by C GOSUR Swift There are times when it is convenient to prepare a master copy for duplication and at the same time not have access to a super word processor From the many reviews have read It seems the super word proces Sor has yet to reach the market At such times have found much success in simply writing a program directly to my C Itoh Prowriter The biggest hassle of course is keeping track of the m ny commands which are needed to change to or from character size pica elite etc underlining acti vating boldface and so on It finally dawned on me that it would be a simple solution to put the informa tion needed directiy into the program itself in the form of GOSUBs Listed below is a proaram which does just that AND keeps the Information right on the screen in front of me where can call on it without confusion The sligh
97. e solution to the problem am about to describe VERY LARGE S 20 REM This problem exists in Applesoft namely when a num 30 N STR NUMBER ber which has either been entered as input or gener 40 IF ABS NUMBER lt I 0E 09 THEN RETURN ated becomes equa to or larger than 1 000 000 000 50 CVT ABS NUMBER 1 0E 09 CVT INT CVT then this number is automatically printed out in expo 60 LNG LEN STR CVT REM OF DIGITS LEFT OF nential notation This is o ay so long as the reading DECIMAL POINT audience is familiar with exponential notation How 70 CVT NUMBER 1 0E 09 10 LNG REM ever if not then the reader might become confused DECIMAL POINT NOW AT FAR LEFT IS NOW FORTRAN avoids this problem by having an F format TRUNCATED TO 9 SIGNIFICANT DIGITS option in its PRINT instruction CBASIC under CP M 80 CVT CVT 1 0E 09 N STR CVT can use PRINT USING Applesoft replies am what REM XXXXXXXXX am and what am am 90 FOR ZERO 1 TO LNG 100 N N o The following short Applesoft subroutine solves the 110 NEXT ZERO above problem by concentrating on converting this 120 RETURN amp large number to a string variable WARNING every significant digit beyond the ninth is depicted as OQ Fir example if Number 1234567891234 Meet Waldo will turn your Apple Il into the command center of your home HE LL BE WATERING THE LAWN MONDAY
98. ecision G X K J Nee RE t0 WREE G EPS jx K 00 C VU ER K EXK wRITELN G Write ext prec with VU END Main progrem SOWTION FOLLOW MM NP 3 17GQ1E 2 EP 3 35353E 2 3 3333222232032238 2 2 NP 9 66667E 1 EP 9 6666TE 1 9 66666666666666TE 1 Listing 5 The following program demonstrates the use of the ENRI procedure The extended precision square roots of the whole numbers between O and 10 are included at the end of the progrem listing PROGRAM EXAMPLE for demonstrating the ESQRT procedure USES EXTPREC VAR X REAL Y BGN Extended precision mantissa of X IY INTEGER Extended precision exponent of X YRT BON Extended precision mantissa of square root TYR INTEGER Extended precision exponent of square root N INTEGER Indexing variable ISNI Find square rocts of whole mmbers fran O to 10 REWRITE G CCNSOLE G defined as text in EXIFREC unit WRITELN G WHOLE NUMEERS AND SQUARE ROOTS FOLLOW FOR N 9 O TO 10 DO BEGIN X N Set X to real value ST X Y 1Y 0 Stretch real value to extended precision ESCENY IY YRT IYRT 0 Find square root WRITE G X VU Y 1Y WRITE G gt VU YRT ORT WRITELN G 3D CLOSEXG LOCK END WHOLE NUMBERS AND SQUARE ROOTS FOLLOW 0 00000 O ED gt 0 50 1 00000 1 000000000000000ED gt 1 0000000000000008D 2 00000 2 0000000000000008D gt 1 414213562375095ED 3 00000 3 0000
99. eeds Stop in and take your pick Apple amp IBM PE FN 5700 J Sunnyside Avenue National Account Dealer WA Beltsville Maryland 20705 GSA Schedule vU 7 a WA 301 345 1123 Washinqton Apple PI October 1985 FEEDING AT THE TROUGH the PIG by Michael After watching the proliferation of columns from other newer SIGs was struck by the need of the Pascal Interest Group PIG to uphold its honor Thus this column will relate news tips and rumors gathered from the PIG the MUSUS bulletin board on CompuServe and assorted other sources The Trough will also feature announcements and descriptions of new PIG library disks Contributions of news in fact of whole columns are solicited as the column will appear sporadically as material accumulates What s a PIG For those of you who are saying Who in response to any or all of the above the Pascal Interest Group is a special interest group SIG populated by users of Apple Pascal a variant of UCSD Pascal The PIG meets once a month to discuss topics such as Pascal program ming techniques structured language issues new com mercial Pascal software and our own latest program ming projects We also frequently talk about new hardware and our experiences in Interfacing it with the Pascal system On occasion when someone s arm is twisted far enough we even have a formal presentation on one of these topics There is also a question and answer session at every meeting and
100. enus and function key arrangements on the Apple e The file containing glossary commands is maintained on the master AW disk You may create and cal up to 62 routines each designated by a letter of the alphabet or number A Z a z and 0 9 These routines may contain control characters or text and may be loaded automatically at the time AW is booted A alossary may contain text that is used frequently or special command sequences Including imbedded contro characters This information may be entered anywhere in a document and their primary virtues are speed of entry and accuracy Long words or complex phrases may be Inserted with a single keystroke used the glossary feature extensively to simplify the execution of various sets of complex commands Once these commands are entered into the glossary file and loaded Into memory they may be executed by pres sing the e s Open Apple key and the designated character at the same time Some examples of the com mands automated are listed below O Printer setting of 6 characters per inch 1 Wu 8 n 2 10 n n 3 n n 12 Wu LL 4 m 16 n LL 5 Proportional spacing on 6 off 7 Clear memory and load business form letter 8 Clear memory and load personal form letter Help screen menu Save file in memory p Print file in memory P Display the print format options menu prior to printing Print file In memory to CRT screen Save and re load changes to g
101. ert text in the middle of existing paraqraphs the text below the cursor line wil be scrolled forward with the balance of the line being edited displayed at the bottom of the screen This Is a fairly common technique and has its advocates and opponents It does highlight very clearly the text being added but limits your abllity to review subse quent text while you are composina For users of Pascal based text editors this is this is standard operating procedure think it is a minor distrac tion as am used to processors that permit text insertion without splitting existing text The Mark function Is used to outline segments of text for deletion movement or saving to disk This command is also used to create subfiles that can be inserted anywhere in the text Because Executive Secretary does not have a glossary function subfiles must be used to Insert special strings of control characters headers and any other data that you may want to recall at a later time To prepare a subtile simply type the information on the edit screen press Escape to re enter the movement delete mode mark the beginning and end of the information you typed and answer F to the request at the top of the screen D elete M ove or F ile The subfile you create will be listed as a file on your data disk and can be edi ted ike any other data file Typing the Is extremely crisp with characters echoed on screen as soon as the keys are tou
102. esoft program using the normal edit features of the Autostart Rom when request a save or other DOS command the Apple often responds with a SYNTAX ERROR How can avoid this inaccurate trivia Are you questioning your computer TAX ERROR you have a syntax error The problem is that when you are through editing you may stil be in the ESC mode so that the next character you type If it says SYN connected and contains a diskette without trying to is not recorded on the screen Thus your command read the diskette One way to do this is to is short one character and incorrect Or you may execute the DOS command VERIFY If you try to have either copied over something without realizing verify a file that exists on the disk and if it or you have typed a control character that does everything is okay DOS just returns to your not appear on the screen Then when you type a DOS program If the file doesn t exist DOS returns command or any other Applesoft command the extra with a FILE NOT FOUND error If there is no disk characters that are already in the keyboard buffer drive or a diskette isn t in the drive DOS returns cause a syntax error One way to get around this with an I O ERROR You can use the ONERR command is to type Ctri X to erase anything in the keyboard In Applesoft to sort out what is happening The buffer before typing the next command program segment below should get you started 500 REM CHECK IF ORIVE 2 1S WORKING Q Where can get
103. f Pascal editor those Unix and C comparisons of 10MHz 16 bit machines with hard and solid state disks and not to write yet another benchmark article 1 found that the souped up Apple is respectable particularly in terms of compile times who wants to wait several minutes to compile a relatively small C program After qot started one thing ted to another and this is the result Please exercise caution in interpretinq these results to your situation they are merely indicat ors and not the complete answer for any specific case 18 October 1983 Washington Apple Pi We have them all HLA Computers is about the only place in the Washing ton area where you can pick and choose from a wide variety of personal computers We have them all the versatile and powerful Apple for the office home or classroom the affordable and easily expandable IBM for the professional the Osborne you can take with you wherever the functionally designed Corvus Concept with its dual orientation display and a full page word processor Digital s high per formance Rainbow and flexible Professional 350 the incredible powerful Sage for the computer programmer the multi user Altos Xerox and the Corvus Local Area Net LAN 64 workstation system Andthen some Off the shelf hardware and software for all of these computers and our professional expertise to custom design software especially for your n
104. fit in RAM Which brings us to the Pascal Compile 37 7 8 4 900 Ipm final case a 14K text file which fits entirely in Slide show 26 7 2 4 RAM using the standard Apple Pascal editor The time Text Edit I Z22222 4 5 to search the file with the fast system was instan Text Edit lI not Instantaneous taneous As soon the the search key was entered the attempted System response that the key was not in the text was displayed You will have to judge relative perform TABLE 5 Illustrative times for functions which show ance of the text editing speed for yourself based on the combined impact of the solid state disk coupled a compartson with your present system with the 3 6MHz coprocessor Ist is compile time for a 131 line program over 900 lines per minute with the SUMMARY fast system 2nd emphasizes the ability to move data from mass storage data is time sec required to A more detailed evaluation could have been done which transfer and display 10 HIRES pictures stored on disk considered more options and a broader set of applica 3rd is the time to search for a non existent string in tions and benchmark programs Maybe this would be a a 60K byte text file using the ASE editor 4th is qood club project for the benefit of the membership Similar to the 3rd except the file length is 14K and You bet Ed My initial motivation was curiosity thus the search is done entirely in memory standard triggered by the August issue of BYTE with al o
105. he CEC at 1920 Assocla tion Drive Reston VA 22091 Al so Inform your hearing impaired friends that that the main meeting of the Pi has seats reserved and a signer Paragon Technologies Inc offers classes in our laboratory in McLean Introduction to the Information Age lecture Getting Started with the Personal Computer Programming in the BASIC language VISICALC dBasell WordStar Computer Fundamentals for Students Il 1H All classes except where noted offer ample hands on practice on Apple lle s Call 556 9659 for a schedule or write to us at 1350 Beverly Rd Suite 220 McLean VA 22101 Washington Apple Pi October 1985 n COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE LIBRARY by Bob Hicks One of the more frustrating things about owning a personal computer is the problem of making correct decisions for the purchase of software While this problem ts apparent in all types of software it is most important when choosing what is sometimes called serious software This can perhaps be defined as software which is supposed to do more than entertain and almost always costs over usualll WAY over 50 The normal way to make a decision about what to buy is to check the advertisements in your favorite maga zine ask a friend what they have or see your friendly dealer None of these approaches work very well primarily because they don t answer the ques tion Is this package the right one for MY applica tion The
106. hifting to Pascal is cheaper and faster than buying a coprocessor amp compiler for use with BASIC Dana is the membership roster really kept by an Applesoft program Time to start Huffin or is it Puffin those files over to Pascal If you use commercial packages the language choice is more or less out of your hands but hardware enhancements such as the faster processor or disks are candidates HARDWARE Now that the language choice is perfectly clear let s consider what improved hardware can do If you opt for the 6502C CPU and do nothing else virtually all of your CPU bound operations will move along at a speed roughly 3 6 times faster than before as shown in Table 1 Equally or more important all of your software will continue to operate with no appreciable change on your part except certain time sensitive applications like an autodial routine in a communications package Ma Bell won t know what to make of those fast pulses If you choose a coproces sor outside of the 6502 family no general claims can be made regarding speed particularly since none of your old programs will work Presumably a 6Mhz Z80 softcard for CP M applications on your Apple is going to move out but wouldn t know just how fast tf your applications involve lots of file transfers data base systems for example then maybe a faster CPU isn t the best answer Moving files including loading saving programs is something that we all do
107. his might be the kind of program you are looking for Washington Apple Pi BEAT ING Ist puer UJ 1 TH EXTENDED PRECISION cby Costa 5 YVYat ikiotis Of the many types of error that influence numerical results from computers the effect of round off can be one of the most difficult to recognize Round off error occurs each time an arithmetic operation yields a result having a greater number of significant digits than the computer system is capable of representing The effect of round off usually goes undetected but on occasion accumulates to an unacceptable level This article will briefly describe the nature of round off error and will introduce an Apple Pascal Intrinsic unit for doing extended precision floating point arithmetic with 16 significant digits Typically programs as number variables are defined in computer reals or as integers For the most part there are few surprises in working with inte gers Using a 16 bit word two bytes of memory there are 65 536 true integers which can be repre sented by the Apple Il excluding Pascal long inte gers Integer arithmetic is straight forward and at times the discreteness quality of integer arithmetic is advantageous e q you may have used IF N DIV 3 3 N THEN to test for multiples of three In con trast a real number as represented by a computer is often not fully appreciated The term real is a misnomer with regard to its usage with
108. ial command execution cause the e does not have separate function keys this means that combinations of keys must be used as substitutes The Escape Control Open Apple and Closed Apple keys are used for different types of commands For example Escape in combination with the number and special character keys at the top of the keyboard Is used for Imbedding document formatting commands margins justification etc in the text The Control key is used in combination with others for various editing functions such as character para graph line and character delete block copy move and delete etc Quark has attempted to compensate for this prolifera tion of special commands by supplying replacement key caps with commands printed on them for the Control related commands and a template that is placed above the keyboard for the Escape related commands There are many other commands that are not listed on the special key caps or the template found this arrangement to be somewhat complicated at first but my problems disappeared as soon as i became familiar with each procedure LETTERS The built in form letter function is Variables can be assigned very easily and conditional IF THEN ELSE statements can be nested 127 levels deep Because of the text file transfer utilities mentioned above almost any DEMS can be used to create a compatible address file FORM excel lent In addition other utilities are provided to acce
109. iddle of an existing document A common use of that function would be to place a table produced from Visicalc Into the middle of a report A command like the Read function of WordStar will insert a document into memory at the cursor position Pie Writer does not have such a command There Is a text file command that will append data in memory but It adds such data at the end of the file not at the cursor position then looked for a dot command which would allow me to reference the file in text and have it inserted at print time No such command seemed to exist doub le checked the Mail Merge commands and it appeared that one could use a combination of Open File op and Read Block rb commands to do this Sure enough it worked perfectly Such a feature is essen tial for many sophisticated word processing chores yet its use for that purpose was not explained in the manual L2 Another apparently useful function Shell File Structures Is given very little attention in the manual It ts supposed to simplify the entry of fre quently used commands The explanation provided is extremely difficult to understand and additional information is certainly in order A skilled programmer i know has used Ple Writer for many years He believes that Pie Writer Is one of the best available programs because t has excellent potential and can be infinitely modifled through user prepared machine language routines The latest
110. ifications include M A in linguistics or ESL or equivalent teaching experience knowledge of and experience in use of CAI in the language Tteaching classroom preferably ESL experience in developing lessons in CAl Salary commensurate with experience Benefits package Send complete curriculum vitae and salary expectations and history by October 21 1983 to Programmer Search Executive Offices American Lan guage Academy Suite 200 11426 Rockville Pike Rock ville MD 20852 CLASSIFIEDS DONATIONS SOUGHT Anyone interested in donating Appie equipment software or publications to Bethesda Chevy Chase High School and recelving an acknowledgement for income tax purposes contact Or Betty Manchak at 654 5264 during buisness hours FOR SALE Prometheus 16K RAM card 40 Integer Basic firmware card 60 CCA DMS data base software orig inal disk 60 Call Jim at 703 553 0601 eveninas before 11 00 PM or weekends FOR SALE Mountain Computer s CPS Clock Parallel Serial Card with Epson cable 135 Printer Table 40 Call Jay Thal 202 244 3649 FOR SALE Apple Monitor with monitor stand in original cartons 100 Bruce Field 340 7038 FOR SALE Apple Writer Il 150 Quick File Ill 75 Both for Apple e Carl Nobles 301 498 9241 problems MINUTE MANUALS 1 Minute Hanual For DB Master 12 95 Two Data Disks with saeple data 9 95 DB Master you thought it was hard NOW IT S EA
111. ill be ideal for evaluating home air conditioning solar heating systems and for science fair projects If any club member is inter ested in building such a device give us a call at 301 340 9432 It is always a great help to have other people read our descriptions build the device and use the software before we publish an article library for indeterminate periods of time Members auditing these programs will be asked to make written Sincerel y comments for feedback to the publishers Hopefully j we will be able to retain these packages as long as Tom Riley Kelda Riley amp 12 October 1985 Washington Apple PI JOB MART POSITION WANTED WANTED Full time position working with microcomput ers on worthwhile creative applications have a Masters Degree In Computer Science and five years experience in programming and analysis on various size machines and projects am tired of large government agencies and beltway bandits believe the micro computer can have a real positive impact on society and would like to contribute to such an effort Interested persons please contact Bernie Benson 202 546 0076 after 6 00 PM HELP WANTED PASCAL INSTRUCTOR needed to tutor Pascal to college student on hourly basis Sherman after 6 00 PM 301 942 1342 BM 4341 version of Call Gery FULL TIME POSITIONS Instructor Micro and teaching experience required Administrative Assistant Writing Orge Pub Rel S
112. illiam Herrick Ross Lenet Vick Khera John Poros James Cumber Jr Richard Langston and Eric Rall We have five disks still to assign so please contact me If you can spare a couple of hours to try out the programs on a library disk and write them up The results of this effort will be a series of articles reviewing our older library disks for the WAP Journal The series begins in this issue Two disks premiered at the September meeting PIGI1I and Disk 42 One Key DOS PIGII is described in a companion column by our Pascal Librarian Mike Hart man A brief description of Disk 42 follows ONE KEY DOS The Disk Operating System DOS is actually made up of three separate parts The first part translates your commands into actions ONE KEY DOS is designed to replace the normal translator in the DOS written by Apple Computer The second part controls the sequence in which information is physically stored on the disk By changing this sequence one can control the number of times that a disk must revolve while reading in information Disk 42 contains a version of DOS called quick loader DOS which can load programs faster than Apple DOS However the ONE KEY DOS can be also be used with either Apple DOS or Diversi DOS see Disk 130 The final part of DOS performs the intricate task of actually reading or writing data on the disk This foundation is common to most DOSes You can determine which flavor of DOS will be in use on you
113. ing some typesetting information on the two companies Here s more Composition Systems Inc 6320 Castle Place Falls Church VA 22044 703 237 1700 Naecker Bros Lithographers Inc 9170 Brookvil te Road Silver Spring MD 20910 301 588 2010 Ed Note There are other companles in the Metropoli tan area Washington Apple PI the M When THE NEW APPLE pos Welt Atmost MAS ARRIVED bu William Jacobson the e was announced was disappointed that a new operating system was not introduced at the same time After all the venerable Apple DOS has been around for a long time and it lacks many of the lems and capabilities of newer operating sys ems g A few months ago heard that Apple was In the pro cess of rectifyina this oversight and a new Unix type Operating system was about to be released A conver sation with the marketing staff of Quark Incorporated a software development firm that produces many fine programs for the Apple confirmed these rumors Quark planned to use the new operating system for an Apple e version of their Word Juagler word proces sing package They were simply waiting for a formal announcement from Apple to ship this software to dealers Thus was not surprised that the copy of Word Juggler received from Quark uses a system called ProDOS Version 1 0 Nor was shocked to discover that ProDOS is as Quark describes it a whittled down vers
114. ing techniques Prerequisite Wordstar I or equivalent WORDSTAR II 2 hours 60 10 12 11 10 12 14 Experiment with more INTRODUCTION TO SFREADSHEETS 2 hours 60 9 21 10 19 11 163 12 15 Create useful financial models for your business using two popular spreadsheet programs COMPUTER CAMP FOR KIDS 10 hours 110 Every Saturday in October 2 4pm Optional Lab with instructor 4 5pm Introduce your child to the world of small computers Hands on programming and instruction in practical applications 3 The Learning Center also provides custom designed instruction on site or in our clas isroom Course discounts available with wyuten purchases Contact us at 301 856 2500 for details and inquiries Beltway Exit 7A Rt 58 at SF Eranch Ave t T in on 6443 Old Alex Ferry Rd omputer Clinton Md 20735 301 856 7500 appie computer oppic Dealer amp Service Center BULK RATE U S POSTAGE WASHINGTON APPLE PI LTD PAID 8227 Woodmont Avenue Suite 201 PERMIT 4101 Bethesda MD 20811 es i MD ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED Sorte tdi WALTER TAYLOR BAF 3645 8407 4310 ELDORADO DRIVE WQOUBRIDGE z VA 22193 A REFURBISHED DAISY WHEEL TERMINAL FOR PERSONAL COMPUTER USERS AND SMALL BUSINESSES Now you can have letter quality printing and professional features for just 995 3 AJ daisy wheel printer terminals are renowned for And you can choose from a list of options includi
115. ion of the SOS sophisticated operating system used on the Apple Apple reportedly will not distribute ProDOS system disks and manuals until early next year so a full analysis of the capabilities and deficiencies of this operating system lies awaiting in the absence of more complete documentation on the system will regale you with what little can derive from the Word Juggler manual use of the proaram and insights gained through considerable experience with SOS for the Apple 1 am an ex owner of that much maligned system Although the ProDOS specifications provided by Quark are far from comprehensive they at least provide some inkling of how the system operates THE KNOWNS It is readily apparent that ProDOS preserves many of the conventions of SOS It permits elaborate sub directories of master and data files and the naming of disk volumes You may format and name a volume and within that volume have multiple levels of direc tory information For example the volume for a school system budget office may be named Budget1984 with a master directory name of SecondarySchis note only 15 characters are permitted per directory level Subdirectories may then be created for each schoo and document for instance USGrant and Prelim Review This would then be listed as Budget 19 84 Secondar ySchis USGrant Prel im Review The drive default could be set at Budget 1984 SecondarySchis so that any docu
116. ipped within 24 hours October 1983 amp eyboard with a lt CTRL X gt in a macro if as new macros the table said once managed to get what needed table However can not tell how did can t repeat the teat The problem Is that seem to affect old macros that were in already Apparently there is a buq In the MACRO facility One fact quic ly discovered is that with the exception of the ESC control every lt CTRL X gt must be triplicated when defining the macro There are other peculiarities with the Screenwriter Epson combination In particular the underlining acts strangely with double strine The underlined portion goes downhill if the regular Screenwriter Il underlining is used To turn on underlining use the sequence CTRL X ESC t and use CTRL X ESC CTRL X lt SHIFT CTRL P to turn the underlining off before a in another Coding Below is a sample Note the extra space subscripted 2 in one case but not was identical with compressed mode H 250 2NaOH 2Na SO 2H20 without compressed mode H2504 2NaQH 2Na S054 7 2H20 2H W LS1 H2 KR LTO listing produced as it would appear on an 2H 20 CUTENBERE amp CUTENBEFC JR Word and Print Processor Gutenberg Jr requires 64K Apple If X or e and the Apple DMP List 85 Special introductory offer 70 prepaid GUTENBERG requires 48K Apple JL I e or supports Apple D
117. issa to string INSERX S3 2 Place decimal after Ist digit WRITELN S2 S3 5 8 gt X Write to screen ED END PROCEDURE EGET Extended Precision Square Root VAR H1 H2 53 HP BGN Tit IH2 13 IHF INTEGER 82 861 4890430 Id eiddy uo4Sujusen pjuoo2 EGIN IF C lt O THEN BEGIN Exit if less than zero WRITE ESQRT ARGUMENT LESS THAN O EXIT FEOGRUMM EXTI PROGRAM END IF C O THEN BEGIN Take shortcut if C equals zero RT 0 IRT 7 0 END ELSE H2 1000000000000000 n2 20 HF 5000000000000000 IHP lt 1 REPEAT Iterative equation is X2 5 X1 C X1 where HI HR X is square root and C is input argument TH 9 IH2 C IC H1 TH IB I2 P ERIB INS Ht IH1 IO I3 P EP H3 IH5 HF HF H2 IH2 P UNTIL H24H1 DIV 2 H2 RT H2 Retum mantissa value of square root IRT IH2 Return exponent value of square root END ED PROCEDURE VU WRITE for extended precision variable VAR S2 CHAR S5 Smmo 11 RESIN VU is equivalent to WRITE procedure IF ID O Get aign of mantissa THEN S2 ESES2 IPID O Make mantissa positive if negative TEN ID ID STE 1D S3 Convert mantissa to string INSERI 93 2 Place decimal after iat digit WRITE G S2 S3 E N Write value to file G END EEGIN MAIN END MAIN listing 2 The following progrem exemple demonstrates how the EXIPRE
118. kills Send resume to CCLC 6443 Old Alexandria Ferry Rd Clinton MD 20735 SALES CONSULTANT Potential 50 000 Responsible for marketing computer based solutions to profession als and small businesses Background should deally include experience in both small computer or related sales and systems approach selling Send resume to General Manager Entre Computer Center 6715 K Back ick Road Springfield VA 22150 CUSTOMER SUPPORT APPLICATIONS Responsibilities inctude working with sales consultants to analyze client needs conducting client seminars and post sale support Strona background in applications software programming database financial analysis e g Is essential Experience with small computer systems and working knowledge of data communications are real pluses Send resume to General Manager Entre Computer Center 6715 K Backlick Road field VA 22150 Spr ing CUSTOMER SUPPORT HARDWARE amp DATA COMMUNICATIONS Responsible for post sale customer support in the identificatlon repair of equipment related Previous background should include microprocessor repalr assembly digital electronics and data commun icattons Good interpersonal skills a real asset in this key position Send resume to General Manager Entre Computer Center 6715 K Backlick Road Spring field VA 22150 ADMINISTRATOR COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION To oversee the operation of 3 4 person department involved in the pr
119. l Printer Card Includes cables catd and software E List 995 00 995 00 395 00 60 00 495 00 7495 395 00 495 00 Financial Modeling amp Planning 200 00 150 00 100 00 195 00 275 00 295 00 250 00 Interfaces Disk drives Accessories Terminals Perlphoralis Joysticks Paddles Keypads and hundreds more Pkaso Micro Protessor MPF II Apple Compatible portable Mind II CSI shmiine disk drive Orange Micro Grappler Plus Butterboard Syscom It 95 Apple II Plus Compatible or Sale COLUMBIA COMPUTER SYSTEMS OVER 12 000 PRODUCTS AVAILABLE FOR YOUR APPLE The largest amp oldest supplier of Computers Peripherals amp Software in the Washington D C Area Mail your orders to P O BOX 40813 Washington DC 20016 or call 202 364 0273 any time day or night Office Hours Washington Apple Pi 10 00am 6 00pm M F SS oO oo et oe oe et mad amp 10 00am 2 00pm Sat October 1983 So a oo on ee ee od 39 ESC Caping WITH GPLE by J T CTom2 DeMay Jr The July 1982 WAP Journal contained an article which wrote describing easier ways to edit APPLESOFT BASIC programs PLE was my first cholce then and probably would still be except that the original program was improved to add global capabilities The new version is called GPLE Global Program Line Editor have been using GPLE since its release by Call A P P L E almost a year ago One of my favorite feat
120. length of a line is wrapped around to the next line The indent mode is intended for the entry of outlines lists and program statements including Pascal and Assembly code These text entry types may be used interchangeably during the creation of a document While the user manual describes the manual setting as the default for the processor configured the program for word wrap This is most appropriate if Pie Writer is to be used primarily for correspondence reports and similar pur poses Pie Writer has commands commands and then some more commands For example documents normally are saved as binary files but DOS text files may also be loaded and edited There are some seventeen 17 commands that deat specifically with these text file proced ures including one which will convert binary files to text files Additional examples include fourteen 14 line and window scrolling commands thirteen 13 insert and delete commands and thirty five 35 dot commands for print formatting There are many more where these came from Cursor movement is simple and effective The arrow keys of the e may be used for normal line to line and character to character movements A variety of other commands are available for more dramatic jumps 50 October 1983 as attested by statistics in the previous paragraph There are many types of delete commands some of which are awkward to use The line delete command for example requires
121. loppy disk users But such is the price of progress quess WORD JUGGLER This program was originally released in 1981 as one of only two word processing packages written in SOS for the Apple The other was Apple Writer A complimentary program is Lexicheck a spelling checker that contains a 50 000 word dictionary The Apple e versions of both Word Juggler and Lexicheck according to Quark retain all of the features of the original Apple versions The list prices of Word Juggler and Lexicheck are respectively 239 and 129 Substantial discounts probably will be offered by dealers and mal order firms In order to accommodate some of the function key sequences described below Quark provides a keyboard enhancer circuit card into which the standard Apple keyboard connector is plugged DOCUMENT SIZE There is a limit of 785 lines of information It is not clear how a line Is defined buf presumably it represents a screen line of any length For example pressing the return key while at the beginning of a line i e with no other data on that line counts as a line of text Assuming a standard 54 lines of text per page of output about 15 pages of data could be stored in memory Provision Is made for inserting other documents into the text at print time so that much longer documents may be strung together and printed consecutivel y TEXT FILE TRANSFERS Utilities are provided for read ing Apple DOS and Pa
122. lossary file a multi step procedure e Clear file in memory c Display the catalog on the default drive a Quit AW on The 10 12 and 16 CPI settings also make the appropri ate changes to the ieft and right margins Enormously files AW uses these files to run form letters and to create Exec files special routines for renumbering files and anything else that the human brain may con coct A WPL file may be loaded at boot time or by executing the command DO filename whenever you wish Form letter program disk This relieves users of the necessity of constructing their own It also means that one may modify existing files once some level of proficiency has been achieved with WPL In neither case however can you develop programs which have all the bells and whistles of the form letter functions of Executive Secretary or others In fact the features and problems of the AW version almost exactly duplicate those of Pie Writer the lim itations of which were explained previously AW also has some quirks of its own For example data records must be numbered sequentially This adds yet another complication as care must be taken to avold duplicate numbers and to make certain that new entries are numbered properly For an occasional user of form letter features these problems will have little meaning For those who make frequent use of such features serious consideration should be given Executive Secretary Zardax Write Away
123. m to sort very large sets of data In the world of hardware enhancements there are coprocessors a second CPU to run in your Apple solid state disks RAM which is made to emulate a floppy disk drive and hard disk drives approximately 10 times the data transfer rate of a floppy plus a whofe lot more space Each of these options buys you something depending on your application in combina tion the improvement can be siqnificant Many programming languages and several operating sys tems are available for the Apple The obvious but painful solution for speed is to program in assembly machine language Assuming that this solution is to be avoided whenever possible we are left with a large number of so called high level languages such as BASIC Pascal Modula 2 FORTRAN FORTH and the like Compilers can be used to improve the speed of the high level languages the numerous compilers available for Applesoft are prime examples Operating system choices Include Apple DOS Apple Pascal this is a complete operating system the UCSD p System and not just a language and CP M At this juncture the question is what are the rela tive merits of the mind boggling number of permuta tions and combinations that these options offer Tables 1 3 provide timing benchmark results for a number of representative enhancement combinations and applications These results provide a good indication of the relative performance improvements that a
124. ments created would automatically be assigned to these directory levels and catalog displays would list only the documents so assigned ProDOS also permits drives to be addressed by number as with Apple DOS However the convention in this case is Un e g DI for drive one with a file call being Di File name A dot may used to separate words in a file name as spaces are not allowed in ProDOS or SOS Spaces are permitted in Apple DOS and this has led to problems associated with stray spaces 1 much prefer the method Like SOS ProDOS is written in Pascal The version of the additional 64K of RAM random access memory on the Extended 80 Column Card produced by Apple This feature also raises the issue of whether There is a memory capability larger than 128K in the future of the e Super e with RAM being addressed in banks of 64K or more depending on the capacity of the chips being used The use of Pascal also increases the size of disk vol umes that are possible as 8 megabytes is the limit for Pascal and 143K for Apple DOS This increase is particularly advantageous for hard disk drive users where the very restrictive Apple DOS volume limits are areal pain The Improved capabilities of ProDOS also raise the possibility of Apple releasing e versions of their new UniFile and DucFile floppy disk drives These drives are identica to the 870K drives used on the Lisa computer and soon to be offe
125. n Applesoft BASIC accounts for the additional accuracy of Applesoft BASIC But accuracy has a price For a given amount of memory a greater number of reals can be represented in Apple Pascal than in Applesoft BASIC The maximum and minimum exponents that can be represented set the dynamic range of a floating point number system For both Applesoft BASIC and Appie Pascal the effective dynamic range is exponent 38 to 38 To prevent a program from crashing the results of floating point operations should be kept within the effective dynamic range When a computer attempts to represent a real number outside the dynamic range either an underflow or an overflow error message is qiven and program execut ion usually stops Floating point number systems have a discreteness Washington Apple Pi ce quality similar to that of integer systems As in the case of the 65 526 integers there is a finite number of reals that can be represented Based on the effective dynamic range this number is approximately 1 5E11 for Applesoft BASIC and for Apple Pascal approximately 1 5E9 Because of the larger mantissa there are approximately 100 times more reals which can be represented in Applesoft BASIC than in Apple Pascal As a consequence of these finite quantities only a small percentage of reals resulting from floating point operations are in the floating point number system that is the result is a number which can be re
126. n or some portion of it to a printer You may select a magnification from 1 to 9 and you can save the screen to disk in a compressed format Another highly recommended program is Zoom Graphix by Phoenix Software This program can print the entire screen either vertically or horizontally or print a portion of the screen In your choice of screen proportions This is one of the most ver satile programs available Inc supports a wide Graphtrix by Data Transforms munications card using the Intel 8251 Although variety of printers and interface cards Portions the 6502 in the Apple violates the timing specifi of the screen may be printed in three different contd on pq 16 Washington Apple Pi October 1985 15 A PACES FROM bu Robert C Before describing this month s disks am pleased to report great progress on our library projects Brad Simpson our Eamonologist has completed his work on the Eamon disks which we have ordered from Call A P P L E These disks have been sent to ALF for duplication and should be available shortly His review of the Call A P P L E Eamon disks will appear in next month s issue of the WAP Journal Brad has also agreed to help us judge our Eamon adventure writing contest The contest closed at the end of August and we hope to announce the winner shortly The library documentation project is nearing comple tion thanks to the efforts of Doug Waters Tom Riley Ron Bernstein Bob Kosciesza W
127. n Apple monitor and disk drive 15 00 without Please note that WAP Een d have equipment for you to use if you do not bring your own you will have to look over someone s _ Tutorials at 10 00 with equipment m Tutorials at 15 00 without equipment Total Enclosed INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Anderson Jacobson e e e Back Cover Artra Inc we e c e o o o m on n n 55 Clinton Computer e e gt e Inside Back Columbia Computer Systems 38 39 Comm Center gt Inside Front Computer Den Ltd e s ee een 5 Computer Ease e e we we we ew sosoo 2 dBase 2 we eee eee eee ere ee 7 Disk Connection e s 6 es 25 335 EF Hutton amp Company 2 es s e S AM Frederick Computer Products ee e HLA Computers a 2 2 2 2 e e es so n n 19 JPY Associates ee we e ew ow ww S DB LRO Inc e e e oo coss e To 97 Mega Micro ee eee e c o oo e n o S 97 Micro Connection e s e e e 30 3 Micro Star Co ec o n n nS 37 MinuteWare e eee eo c o o n n s l5 Operant Systems esses oe we ew ww nn 9 Option Analytics Inc ese e oss se 7 Paragon Technologies Inc es s gt l Ramada Computer Products 47 Robins Inc ees we e e o o o ww n 48 Tri State Systems ss ees 35 ZN Turris Ebora Computer e e e e e gt 29 VF Associates e e c oo o 37 45 60 October 1985 Washingto
128. n Apple Pi GET YOUR HANDS ON A COMPUTER at the CLINTON COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER NEW APPLE OWNERS COURSE 4 hours 150 Alternate Saturdays Learn the basic operating procedures of the ener ld amp most popular small computer Course includes five proaram disks NEW CP M OWNERS COURSE 4 hours 150 alternate Saturdays Hands on instruction in this standard operating system A must for new owners of CF M based computers AFFLEWRITER Ile 2 hours 60 9 223 10 20 11 17 12 8 Understand what a word processing system is and how it works Learn how to create revise letters and documents quickly and easily LOGO GRAFHICS 10 hours 75 9 13 20 27 10 4 and 10 11 A University of Maryland accredited course An introduction to a computer language and epplications to creative design in the classroom and home BASIC PROGRAMMING I hours 65 7 12 19 and 26 11 7 14 and 21 Hands on instruction for computer novices in this simple programming language Classroom exercises and optional homework assignments BASIC PROGRAMMING II 6 hours 65 10 3 10 and 17 11 28 12 5 and 12712 Learn new Basic commands and additional programming techniques Classroom exercises and homeword assignments Frerequisite Basic Frogramming I or equivalent WORDSTAR I 2 hours 60 9 283 11 3 12 7 Learn how to create documents quickly and easily by using this popular word processing system advanced Wordstar commands and learn file merg
129. n an election at the October meeting NEWSIG have discussed with Bernie amp Paula Benson the idea of beginning a weekly NEWSIG meeting at the Office on Thursday evenings This meeting would help meet the need of the many new Apple owners and new WAP members that we have The meeting would be informal heid around a computer and aimed at answering all those seemingly unending questions To do this we need four volunteers Thursday of each to chair a session one the month If you are interested call Bernie or Paula and indicate a Thursday of your choice We plan to begin in October if we can get the volunteers QUESTIONS Speaking of questions for the past year Bruce Field and Tom Warrick have positioned themselves in a hot seat every meeting morning to try to handle your problems would like to express a deep thanks for their continued enthusiasm and patience not to mention some awe at the wealth of knowledge they bring with them Thanks to you both A WORD TO THE WOZ happened to spend 45 seconds on the phone with Steve Wozniak the other day It was enough fime to ask if he would stop by and visit with us as he did several years ago when we were meeting at G W He replied How about in January Breathless most of our library disks are described He has been ly answered Anytime He followed with Call me aided in a disk by disk documentation effort by many back In October to confirm a date shot back a vol
130. nd having the ability to perform arithmetic operations on these variables Increasing the precision of floating point operations may or may not be easily done depending on the com puter system As stated previously some computer languages have the capability of Increasing the pre cision of floating point operations by simply declar ing extended precision real variables Neither Apple Pascal or Applesoft BASIC provides this capabil bility However it is feasible that round off error in a program written in Apple Pascal could be reduced by converting the program to Applesoft BASIC This would increase the precision of floating point opera tions by two significant digits But depending on the complexity of the Pascal program this approach may not be practical and in addition two significant digits may not be enough Listing 1 is an Apple Pascal intrinsic unit for per forming extended precision operations with 16 signif icant digits EXTPREC is comprised of five calling procedures one procedure for doing addition sub fraction multiplication and division two procedures for converting numerical values between real type variables and pseudo extended precision variables one procedure for printing the pseudo extended precision variable values and one procedure for finding ex tended precision square roofs Listing 2 is a com plete Apple Pascal program for solving a system of linear equations by Gaussian elimination The purpose of
131. new users of Apple Pascal or those interested in learning about it are welcome to come The meetings are held on the third Thursday of every month at 7 30 PM in the WAP office The MUSUS Bulletin Board The major organization for users of UCSD Pascal from various vendors on a wide variety of machines Is the UCSD p System User s Society USUS USUS was dis cussed in Tom Woteki s column in the January 1983 WAP Journal so won t repeat any of that here But would like to describe the MUSUS bulletin board which opearates as a SIG on the CompuServe time sharing ser vice There is a great deal of interesting material there on such things as operating system internals software tool development standard UNIT interfaces for creating machine independent code and experiences with p System hardware and software Several of the people Involved in the development of the original UCSD Pascal system are active on the board as are representatives of many major p System hardware and software vendors If you can t find help in answering a UCSD Pascal related question there you aren t like ly to find it anywhere Traffic on the board is heavy an hour s worth of messages at 300 baud is posted each week Right now the big topic on MUSUS is the Sage computer many SIG members now own one and are busy exploring its terrific hardware and software capabilities There is also a substantia amount of Apple specific discussion on the board it
132. ng exceptional performance high reliability and applications forms tractor pin feed platen paper trays side shelves versatility Now you can have all this for only 995 in our extra printwheels APL keyboard and 2K buffer special limited offer Call your nearest AJ regional e 30 cps etter quality printing 4 office for details San Jose CA Changeable type faces da 408 946 2900 Rosemont IL e Full ASCII keyboard with V a 312 671 7155 Hackensack numeric pad NJ 201 488 2525 Or check High resolution X Y plotting the phone book for the num Complete electronic forms z ber of your local AJ sales control service office 128 character buffer Asynchronous RS 232 interface Printwheel ribbon cartridge and cable included 30 day parts labor warranty l Price excludes options and is subject to change withoul notice Model shown includes certain options Olfer available only in the contiguous U S FL ANDERSON JACOBSON AVAILABLE AGAIN FOR WAP MEMBERS FROM ANDERSON JACOBSON CALL SEAN BELANGER IN GAITHERSBURG AT 840 5700
133. nt so you might as well go ahead and play with it If the problem is repeatable would try leaving the video monitor on overnight but leaving the Apple off in the morning if the text is firm when you first start the problem may be in your monitor Make sure that both the monitor and the Apple are plugged into grounded three wire sockets that are common to one another What mean is don t have the Apple plugged into one socket on one side of the room and the monitor plugged Into a socket on the other side plug both into a single duplex out let or a three wire extension cord If all of these tests fail would take my Apple to a dealer and have him put the power supply output on an oscilloscope this should indicate If there Is any problem with the power supply have a program that wish to be able to access or 2 disk drives depending upon the users config uration My problem is that want to be able to access the second drive automatically without having to ask the user Is there a technique or a location that can be looked at that will enable me to tell from within a program whether the second drive is connected to the controller There is no way of telling if a disk drive is Field Q A Q 530 540 550 PRINT CHR A4 VERIFY XXXX D2 GOTO 560 REM SKIP ERROR CHECK IF PEEK 222 8 THEN F 0 REM 1 0 ERROR SETS F 0 POKE 216 0 REM TURN OFF ONERR REM IF F 0 THEN NO DRIVE 2 REM IF F 1 THEN D
134. nters however instructions are included on how to create or modify printer filters as defined by Quark using assembly language programming code listings are provided for the Epson and Apple matrix dot printers to facilitate changes to those drivers and serve as a tutorial for similar modifica tions for other printers contd Washington Apple Pi Be N Assembly Z N SPELLING CHECKER The Lexicheck program wil operate only in conjunction with Word Juggler While the latter will function with only 64K of RAM albeit with extremely limited edit work space Lexicheck requires a full 128K Simply place the Lexicheck disk in the first drive of a two drive system and enter _ Open Apple 7 A screen of options will then be dis ON played These options permit one to change some defaults and to add a supplemental user prepared dic Z2 80 Card for CPM Regular tionary to the spelling check operation Press the 80 Card for CPM 6 MHZ Applicard 265 VF ASSOCIATES A Family Store Return key and the document in memory will be checked Atl words are checked alphabetically The operation is quick and appears to be quite thorough ame I O Extender Twin Port oystick Gorilla 4 Button Once al words have been verified a numeric summary of words checked unique words and unrecognized words will be displayed To correct any misspelled words Nibble Notch Diskette Tool press the Space key The text screen containing the
135. o Plastic 6 40 Diablo Metal 41 50 amp 49 95 3 RAY Aone 2698 Diablo 620 11 40 RIBBONS Qume 6 40 amp 7 90 TRS RO how peter DA IY 6 50 ea SPECIAL Buik Pack Diskettes Dacsywhisel M Roh 475 ea 5 4 10 sec DIABLO 620 titm 7 45 ca SS DD SCOTCH 1 85 Hetype fl him 46 50 doz 5 4 16 sec NEC 650 100 e 6300 doz SS DD Wabash 1 65 5500 7700 oth 69 90 doz While They Last XX tien Ze th 1190 ea We also stock Verbatim Kybe 8023 cloth 4 95 ea Memorex IBM Maxell ITOH Prownter 4 95 ea QUME Vh cem 3350 doz NEW World s Best Floppy Nm 5400 doz The Brown Disk IDS 50 575 ea 5 A Single and Double Side EPSON MX 70 0 8 50 ea 48 TPI 29 95 ied 359 96 TPI 39 95 LOAD YOUR OWN AND SAVE Retis tor Dabhi Qume Raoen NEC 150 Matetet 560 5900 Finan MX 0 80 8304 Hilltop Road m Promoter NEC KOPI 350 vw Fairfax Virginia 22031 Epson MX LOO 899 m nnn nn Merrifield Area UPS Shipping FOB Fairfax VA li Hours Monday thru Friday 9 5 Saturday 10 2 Washington Apple PI SOME APPLE Ze PROCESSORS woe C Ie TT 4 Since the introduction of the enhanced version of the venerable Apple It otherwise known as the Apple e software producers have been scrambling to release new programs or adapt existing ones to take advantage of ifs revised keyboard expanded memory and other fea tures In this article will summarize the capabilities of three processors versions of which were available long before th
136. o Relational Database Information Retrieval A Must for Managers INTERMEDIATE Programming amp Formatting For Data Processing Operators amp Programmers ADVANCED Business Programming For Experienced Programmers CALL 703 759 3461 2K Registered Trademark of Ashton Tate October 1983 EDSIG MEWS by Peter Combes EDSIG Calendar Tuesday October l th at 7 30 p m PLEASE NOTE THIS IS THE SECOND TUESDAY OF THE MONTH Computer Camps A Report chaired by Carolyn Adler Elections will be held at the meeting on November Ist 1983 EDSIG meetinas are now mostly held in the Auditorium Building B of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences on the campus of the National Naval Medical Center 4301 Jones Bridge Road Bethes da MD Check with Security when you come in in case the room has been changed Meeting Reports Tuesday September 6th at 7 30 p m Computers in the Classroom The Ideal Versus the Reality a Round Table chaired by Mary Brown The September meeting took place In what to EDSIG are the unfamiliar surroundings of the USUHS auditorium Some twenty four teachers administrators technolo gists and parents gathered to discuss the present and future of computers in the classroom The focus of the discussion was very much on elementary schools June Wright is Project Coordinator of the Computer Discover y nter at the College of Education of the University of Maryland She h
137. o useful Is a co umn subtracting this weeks total cash from last week s total cash giving you the net increase or decrease in cash on hand This should equal the expense decrease salary paid taxes pald and becomes a check on the accounts so that you can easily see If funds ere a missing or not recorded in you cash account records A way of checking up on the honesty or accuracy of your staff without making it obvious 3 Cash Income sources Here you breakdown your cash Income Into as many sources as are appropriate for your business In our case we use columns for Client cash weekly cash payments Insurance payments List Rental we have a list of 29 000 mental heaith protes sionals in the Middle Atlantic states which we rent to anyone interested in using all or part Interest income and Miscellaneous income use whatever is appropriate for your business 4 Customer information We use a count of cllents a count of new clients how many terminated how many do not have Insurance Also in the formula area of the weekly columns we now can add other data such as of total cllents without Insurance with insurance this weeks average client payment which is of course Client cash income divided by of clients average insurance payment per client overall and average insurance payment per client with insurance of total clients terminated as well as other related data 5 Billing information Again
138. odes are shown then the keystroke used with G or open apple DESIGNATOR CODE FUNCTION Already available on SPECIAL VI c Al Catalog IGlc Designator up arrow for superscript E for empha d f Save glossary file IG1d sized print 1 for correspondence qual n y New erases memory Gin ity print and so forth A complete p NP Print Gip list of the designators used is given r CSYS d1 Restores Apple Writer in the table below defaults Gir EscX X is the Okidata code for the function de q Ky Quit Apple Writer G q sired EscC is underline EscD is under ine off EscJ is superscript Available with Okidata Escape sequence EscL is subscript Esc is correspond C Underline on IG ence quality type face EscO is data TD Underline off IGF quality etc Codes are shown in table J Superscript also sub off Glup below arrow CR carriage return L Subscript also super off G down VI arrow Back up three spaces using left arrow key 11 Correspondence quality Lload CONTROLV from Applewriter master disc CR print 611 41 Forward one space with right arrow key 00 Data quality print G10 L oad CONTROLV from Applewriter master CR ET Emphasized print bold Forward one space with right arrow key face GJE CR el Emphasized off tGle This sequence inserts Contro V s before and after the Available with PKASO 1 lead in codes The printer functions available using the Oki t 254F Tiny print 17 CPI IGI t data Esc sequence a
139. ogramming of CAI material in the fleld of English as a Second Language Wil be responsible for supervision of programming staff planning developing testing evaluating and documen tation of all software and staff professional devel opment Qualifications include an in depth knowledge of and experience with high level Applesoft MS Basic and N Bastc Pascal programming languages with Assembly language and with 6502 machine language and operating systems DOS 3 3 MS DOS PC DOS CP M and in depth knowledge of protection systems and advanced programming techniques broad familiarity with best selling brands of microcomputers and peripherals which are pertinent to the delivery of CAI previous experi ence with CAI preferably for language instruction and with course design previous teaching and super visory experience Salary commensurate with experi ence Attractive benefits package Send complete curriculum vitae salary expectations and history and availabliity by October 21 1983 to Administrator washington Apple Pi October 1985 Search Executive Offices American Language Academy Sulte 200 11426 Rockville Pike Rockville MD 20852 PROGRAMMER Computer Assisted of 3 4 people mater ial Instruction department needs additional programmer of CAI In the field of English as a Second Language Will be responsible for planning programming test ing evaluating revising and documenting software Qual
140. om RAM Perhaps 64K and 128K versions are in the wings This would allow a much needed Improvement in the size of documents that can be manipulated by the system editor With these improve ments Executive Secretary would be one of the most versatile and powerful word processors on the market today had hoped to review the hard disk version of Execu tive Secretary The copy that received however was configured specifically for Corvus drives and could not modify it for my Davong drive believe that its performance on hard disk could be truly outstanding The Executive Secretary manual is poorly organized and not up to date Rather than supply supplemental or replacement pages for this loose leaf volume Sof Sys elected to include crudely produced letter sized pages of additional information At times the data on these sheets seemed to be internally Inconsistent The lack of a qood manual complicates the learning of this otherwise well constructed and conceived program It should not be as hard as Sof Sys has made it to learn the special commands and other features of Exec utive Secretary Sof Sys appears to respond quickly to calls for help An SOS letter to them was answered within a few days and someone is always available for tele phone calls There is no toll free number so any calls are at the expense of the caller Nw APPLE WRITER e This program Is marketed by Apple Computer and written by Paul Lutus A
141. one types up a rough draft then a neatly typed final copy of a manuscript When it reaches the printing or publishing company every keystroke must be typed again The interface between a small computer and the typesetting equip ment eliminates the need to retype the information A growing number of the commercial printing companies in the Washington area can handle material generated on personal computers The printing companies try to make this service attractive and easy for their cus tomers to use I ve used two such companies and can recommend both They are Naecker Brothers Litho araphers in Silver Spring Maryland and Composition Systems Inc in Falls Church Virginia Both compa nies offer reduced typesetting prices and a quicker turn around time to customers who use computers For exemple Naecker Brothers offers a sliding price scale based on the amount of coding the customer does before delivering the information If you just type away using ScreeWriter then send that text file to Naecker Brothers using a modem you ll save about 10 of the composition costs If you label the parts of the files that should be done in different type styles or sizes or column widths then you ll save about 30 If you take advantage of ScreenWriter s ability to create macros lengthy sequences of key strokes with single keystrokes then you can insert the longer sequence of numbers the typesetting machine recognizes as the proper numbers
142. ork with INTEGER or APPLESOFT BASIC and used some of the provided functions will only work with INTEGER BASIC Since seldom program in INTEGER Replace this with the slot of your BASIC they are of little use to me However it is THUNDERCLOCK possible to re define these ESCape functions at any time and save them on a disk The only criticism 8 The ESC key Entered by pressing the CTRL have is that there is a limited amount of memory the SHIFT and the M keys simultaneously dedicated to these ESCape functions and no easy way actually GPLE uses the inverse right square of knowing when the ESCape table is almost full bracket but that is hard to print The first thing did was to make a backup copy of the f CTRL F master disk There is no copy protection so it is a simple matter suggest using COPYA or LHS COPY t CTRL I either will do nicely With the master disk locked safely in the vault feel confident exploring the m CTRL M RETURN Entered by first pressing wonders of the working copy Next boot the copy turn CTRL O then RETURN or CTRL M on your printer type PR I and then BRUN ESCAPE PRINTER Use the resulting printout to determine what u CTRL U the undocumented ESCape functions do Try them if you are not certain even if you think you are Make The last example requires a little explanation By notes on the printout describing them Later you can simply pressing the ESC key and then the key a print a use
143. ou wish to create or modify a document the PIE option is selected For printing of an existing file the FORMAT module may be invoked The menu for PIE is shown in Figure C Documents are loaded saved renamed and FORMAT is entered from this menu Only 19K of memory work space is available for document editing even with 64K of random access memory RAM This is due to a new feature which loads both the PIE and FORMAT modules at the time of program booting thereby eliminating any appreciable delays in switching between these modules This is important because documents must be previewed printed to screen frequently to ensure that they are properly formatted The preview feature is contained in the FORMAT module Figure C PIE MODULE MENU FILENAME 1 LENGTH 0 MEMORY LEFT 19 000 COMMAND To beain editing you simple enter E and press return The edit screen is displayed after a delay of a few seconds The data entry portion of the screen mea sures 78 columns by 21 lines and is outlined by com binations of dashes and exclamation points There are three text entry modes manual word wrap and indent The manual mode operates like a type writer with carriage returns required at the end of lines and bells to remind you when the end of a line is approaching column you desire The bell tone may be set to any Word wrap is the standard setting for most word pro cessors Any word that exceeds the prescribed
144. ould you kindly publish a notice in your next news letter indicating that EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING NETWORK wishes to share access to its software library with other educators The software we have avallable is organized according to the different teaching disci plines such as English Guidance Library media etc There is a small diskette charge for disks requested from our Microlog catalog newsletter Your cooperation will be greatly appreciated in get ting this Information out to the members of your group For anyone requesting more information please send a self addressed stamped envelope to Educational Computing Network P O Box 8236 AC Riverside CA 92515 Sincerely Yours Keith L Dreiberg ECN Director amp p SPECIAL EVENTS The Pringe Georges County Council of PTAs Is sponsor ing an Educational Computer Faire It will be held on Saturday October 15 from 10 30 AM until 4 30 PM at Largo High School Route 202 Largo Maryland the location is near Prince Georges Community College There will be about ten distributors present and there will be presentations on choosing and using a computer for your school IEEE COMPUTER WORKSHOP EEE is sponsoring a computer society workshop on using the personal computer to Improve the Productiv ity of the Professional It will be held on Friday October 21 1983 at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel Maryland Sample topics to b
145. out which direction your business is going but you don t know However the Friday Report could tell you And using the Friday Report In your business could open up for you the myriad of possibilities that VisiCalc or any spreadsheet can offer bu Leon My primary business where earn the money fo play with this Apple Is a Community Mental Health Center wii use it as an example for this article You will have to apply the concepts to your business And even though this is an article on VisiCalc there will be no template listing at the end of the article l will discuss the concepts and you wiii need to make your own template Each business is so unique that It is not possible to make even a modestly universal tem plate use an Apple Il but the upstart e will do with a Videx 80 column board and a 16K Board a necessity for this template because of minimum size also use The Spreadsheet 2 0 but any spreadsheet will do fine Further 1 have a Saturn 128K board in place giving me 157K of user memory but you won t need that At least at first Later if your Friday Report expands as mine did you probably will So on with the article Our Friday Report is divided into three areas These are the weekly Friday of course data input area the weekly formula area and the summary area have arranged the first two areas in a matrix with the names of the columns across the top and the date of the report going down the
146. owing lanquage and sys tem features introduced and illustrative problems These problems Include programming assignments The answers to the odd number problems are included in an appendix Each session A common trap in books on programming is too heavy use of number oriented examples Instead the authors selected sample problems which use the apple game pad dles for input and use Hi res graphics and musical notes as output Arithmetic operations and numerical data types are not introduced until session 10 How ever the book does give appropriate y broad coverage to the features of Pascal including recursive pro cedures records and files and scalar data types DRAWBACKS The book assumes that the user has only one disk drive in practice two disk drives are needed for the smooth operation of the p system and recommend that both drives be used when working through the activi ties In the book This requires using disks X APPLE and APPLE2 instead of APPLEO also would cover GOTOXY PAGE and IORESULT in any Introduction to Pascal although these built in features are not covered The one concept which glves students who work through this functions variables and procedures Perhaps the authors should have Included more explanatory material and introduced the difference between passing proced ure parameters by name and by value at the point where they introduce the function procedure distinction One annoying techni
147. own shape and each is easily recoq nized The qraphics are somewhat jerky however it didn t really bother me because qot so wrapped up in the game stopped noticing it The sound effects were the most disappointing part of the qame for me because they are practically non existent Of all the monsters only the snake robot and dragon have their own sound effects and these are nelther very complex nor exciting In my opinion the author could have done a lot more in this area The Last Gladiator works on either an Apple IIl or e with 48K and one disk drive t performs best with a sel f centerinq joystick such as the TG or Keyboard Co type but works almost as well with an Atari type with a Wico adaptor With an non centering joystick on the other hand it is almost impossible to alm your weapon unless you are a perfect shot There is no keyboard control option because the number of keys required would be too great for most players Overall the Last Gladiator is an addictive and fast paced game which is an ideal break from the usual Space Invaders types we see all too often If you Ilke variety and originality then The Last Gladiator may be a qood investment for you 22 October 1985 PLAY Shrinerc TUWO TE c re DS SAMMY LIGHTFOOT Sammy Lightfoot by Sierra On Line is a creative colorful game which is at first fun to play but is al so unfortunately one which will not keep a player s interest for very long
148. pple Writer affectionately known as AW has had several manifestations The current version that for the e is certainly a far cry from the original The general logic of the program remains the same but the new AW is a slick but flawed word processor of considerable power Over the years have used all versions of the program Including those for the Apple lI and e The version reviewed here will operate only on the e and takes partial advantage of the additional 64K of RAM offered by Apple Curiously only 17K of additional edit screen memory from 30k to 47K is achieved with this purchase There is no explanation for the missing RAM Other software that uses the ful compliment of 128K does not exact such a penalty For example VisiCalc for the e affords a work space of 95K more than twice that of AW AW has to be one of the easiest programs for a neo phyte to learn That plus its use of WPL a built in lanquage for command and form letter purposes make It a versatile and quite competent program Its primary virtues are e The best find search function in the business e An excellent Glossary feature for lightning fast execution of command sequences and the insertion of special words and phrases A customized menu that can be displayed at boot e Relatively large memory 47K when used wifh the 128KB version of the e Washington Apple PI eA full complement of dot commands for printer
149. presentatives for your sup port In order to have Data Factory and InfoMaster represented we need two more volunteers Anyone interested please call me Cara Cira on 468 6118 Thank yous go to Lee Rasely and Tom Warrick for their data base questionnaire input November 26 Use of Personal Computers for Disabled Jay Thal a member of our DISABLEDSIG will be orchestrating a program devoted to the uses of per sonal computers by disabled individuats featuring new educational techniques Watch Jay s DISABLEOSIG NEWS for more details If you have input please call him on 244 3649 December 17 Garage Sale Have any software you re bored with Any hardware you ve outgrown Want to do a little trading or buy ing We are running another garage sale so gather your extras tired withs and bring your coins to splurge during this pre holiday sale Washington Apple Pi KUXS S3R29 ESRTESESESSESERSSS ODQREXESTE BACK TO SCHOOL SPECIALS All inventory is 35 50 off retail price Call to find out what we have in stock for you For Cramer TTX Daisy Wheel Printer 455 00 Bell rele aa for MX 80 MX 100 40 00 toh ProWriter Printer eee 350 00 Kraft Joysticks 2 00 Ultima II i 2 92 7 39 00 Quick Vis EUH NES y A37 dra Verbatim diskettes 10 pack SS DD sabo aser ianea e sco xis DS DD a nac bu RB P 9 B GM CV D M BP V n 32 50 or buy 10 boxes at our everyday low price Ra TAa DD
150. presented exactly by the computer If all combinations of summing two Apple Pascal floatina point numbers were considered less than 2 percent of the real number results would be represented by the Apple Pascal system exactly For example if 1 0E4 and 1 0E 4 were summed using one of the floating point number systems discussed the result would be exactly 1 0E4 in Apple Pascal and the correct value 10000 0001 in Applesoft BASIC However suppose that the two numbers were 1 0E4 and 01E 4 then neither of the floating point number systems could represent the correct sum This loss of accuracy is called round off error A problem arises when the error accumulates or is magnified by the algorithm to an unacceptable magnitude Similar rounding occurs in multiplication In error analysis of numerical methods the effects of round off error are often explained using probability For certain numerical problems it has been determined that the chance of getting an unacceptable level of round off error increases with the square root of the number of floating point calculations However because round off error in calculations can be nega tive or positive there is a tendency for the average accumulated error to be small Some algorithms com bined with the data are sensitive to program struc ture with respect to round off For example consider the following two equations which should give the same result A B B C B C
151. provide this service for a listed program please contact Gordon Stubbs for further information g LETTER TO THE EDITOR September 2 1983 Dear Editor A note on the progress of our book tor club members we ve been gratified by several recent inquiries The Computer Controller Cookbook has gone to press and shou be ou n early ober The publisher is Creative Computing Press a Ziff Davis subsidiary No we re not wild about the tile and in particutar we put up stiff resistance to the word Cookbook to no avail We were lucky though to have a wonderful editor who fought for a workbook like format with wide margins so that the schematics and instructions can be easily read We will send the WAP office a copy just as soon as we receive our complimentary copies We ve discussed the possibility of a discount for computer clubs and other nonprofit groups but don t yet know whether this will come to pass or what the discount might be And now for something completely different in the discussions on home control at the August meeting several people were interested in measuring tempera ture with their Apples We have built a simple quad thermometer for doing just that and have written a good deal of support software for it This unit will probably be featured in a magazine article this win ter The materials for a unit measuring four temper atures wil cost about 30 it won t be difficult to construct and it w
152. que upon which the authors fre quently rely is to lead the user through deliberate mistakes and then explain the error messages This can be a useful device in a tutorial but the students which observed began to skip executing the negative examples after a while INTRODUCTION TO THE UCSD P SYSTEM by Charles Grant and Jon Butah 1982 Sybex pp 300 18 00 Needless to say Apple Computer s manauls are not designed for use by a novice Grant and Butah have filled the breach by offering a step by step tutorial Washington Apple Pi book the most trouble is the difference between Latt Introduction to the p system The Pascal language is used only in examples The book assumes no prior knowledge of the Apple or operating systems Chapter 1 introduces the basics including what a floppy disk looks like Chapter 2 includes a tutorial which edits compiles and runs a very short Pascal program This material is covered In greater depth by Luehr mann and Peckham Chapters 3 and 4 gives in depth coverage of each feature of the p system filer and editor including tutorial examples and a well organized reference guide to each subcommand The final chapters are devoted to the creation of short and long Pascal programs including the use of units the linker and include files The principle drawback to this book is that it is geared toward the p system In general rather than the Apple implementation As a result readers mu
153. r Apple by modifying the copy of the DOS stored on your disks Whenever you boot your Apple by typing PR 6 or by turning on the power a copy of DOS is automatically loaded from the disk in Drive 1 Thus if you boot from a disk with a copy of ONE KEY DOS you will be allowed to use the disk with a series of menus rather than by typing standard DOS commands such as RUN CATALOG or DELETE Disk 42 contains complete documentation on how to install ONE KEY DOS on your disks In addition it has sample programs which rapidly load Hi res designs from disk to allow you to compare its speed with Apple DOS ONE KEY DOS is not public domain software However its author Is so confident that users who try his program wii want to keep it that he is distributing ONE KEY DOS on an honor system He asks that if you decide to use the program that you send the author a check for 9 Details are included on Disk 42 16 October 1983 THE OTALIK Platt ERRATA The program HUFFIN on Disk 101 has a mysterious extra line which should be deleted 11 FP The program will work when this line is removed Remember to keep those error reports and new program contributions coming Q amp A contd from pg 15 Q magnifications Graphtrix can be used from a BASIC program and comes on an unprotected diskette am having trouble with my game 1 O port neither my joystick or paddle work 1 have a paddle adapple and a shift key mod Neither control
154. r Compiler Data Bases dBase DB Master Data Perfect Data Factory General Manager InfoMaster List Handler Games Graphics Home Accountant Languages A Applesoft A A l A A Dear Editor DEALER S Jeremy Parker Ben Acton Dave Harvey Jerry Michalski Howard Simkowitz Ben Acton Tom Nebi ker Bernie Benson Tom Vier 1 6 PM Jerry Michalski Steve Wildstrom Bernie Benson Tom Vier 1 6 PM Peter Rosden Loftus Becker John Staples Douga Da je Dave Einhorn Leon Raesly Leon Raesly Bob Schmidt Loftus Becker Ben Acton Doug Daje John Vaupel Jim Eatherly Bill Schultheis Leon Raesly Peter Combes Jeff Dillon Mark Pankin Leon Raesly 301 301 703 703 202 301 216 202 703 703 301 202 703 301 202 703 301 301 301 301 301 202 301 301 301 202 703 301 301 301 703 527 2704 498 6074 546 0076 977 1349 550 9064 338 5217 229 2578 428 3605 527 2704 442 8835 882 4645 428 3650 867 7463 546 0076 860 0083 442 8835 564 0039 546 0076 860 0083 229 2288 338 5217 759 3461 868 5487 593 8420 460 0754 460 0754 736 4698 338 5217 428 3605 868 5487 977 3054 232 6046 538 4575 460 0754 l Integer P Pascal M Machine 871 1455 422 6458 370 9219 301 460 0754 CORNET Languages contd PLEASE respect all telephone Users of the Hotline are reminded
155. r defined subsets of records for printing Mail list variables cannot be assigned specific names So that they can be referenced and inserted anywhere in the text Data fields are read and used sequen tially Therefore if one wishes to re use a given variable It must be repeated In the data file For example if you wish to use first name in both the address and salutation sections of a letter separate data fields must be created for each section contd Washington Apple Pi N the single The Pie Writer manual is nicely mounted in a loose leaf binder and stored in a cardboard box ala the BM standard It is tabbed and indexed with a plastic Sleeve in the back for two floppy disks Despite a Herculean effort by Hayden Software to sim plify the learning of Pie Writer the manual is not quite up to the task There are many references to later chapters and Injunctions to not worry about learning that command at this time but this tech nique does not work have far more than average experience in using word processors including the most sophisticated of them WordStar Palantir Final Word Benchmark PowerText Select etc yet found Pie Writer less than easy to master More detailed explicit Information on the peculiarities of document editing formatting and handling would be desirable In addition many program commands are not explained fully For instance wanted to Insert a text file in the m
156. r yearly gross Income in reserve for this time The answer Is simple of course We transfer 10 of each deposit throughout the year into the Back up Fund and it is ready for us by summer when we need it And of course we are earning interest on it while it Is walting there Each year we earn a goodly sum from these techniques So with such a sophisticated financial system it becomes clear what some of the needs and advantages of the Apple related system are for us or anyone else using a In terms of the Friday Report we need several bits not bytes of information We need to know the actual amount of cash In each of these accounts and also the total amount of cash on hand and the amount of discretionary cash total cash on hand minus the Trust Fund So the first four columns in the Raw Data area of the Friday Report are these bank and savings account balances and the first two columns of the formula area are the summation of the cash accounts and the summation of the cash accounts minus the Trust Fund These are both SUM functions in VisiCalc You may also have additional cash informa tlon you need for your company Perhaps you might also include a column for Petty Cash 2 Cash flow amounts This information is actually all formulas and consists of several parts total weekly Income total expenses for salary for taxes for reserves and also total weekly Income minus the in available cash Als
157. rding the subject matters etc should contact me at 202 244 3649 To supple ment the meeting itself we hope to include in the December Newsletter further articles about how com puters can open up opportunities to the handicapped The deadline for those newsletter articles is November 9 The summer is a time which many of us use to revital ize ourselves While things have been quiet on the homefront there have been several conferences on the uses of microcomputer technology for the handicapped A major one is taking place as this Issue of the Newsletter qoes to press Microcomputers For The Disabled in Minneapolis Minnesota We hope to bring you news of them soon We have recently heard about a new serial card that can output to volce or braille devices It s called the Zero Card by Cyberon Corporation Cyberon s address is 1175 Wendy Rd Ann Arbor MI 48103 313 944 0326 It has some drawbacks in that the proto types are wirewrapped and it is not compatible with on board speech synthesizers such as the ECHO II ift works with the ECHO GP and Intex but most likely those problems will be overcome The important thing is that it allows voice or braille output without needing commands a necessary factor wlth protected software Again we remind you that the Council for Exceptional Children CEC is sponsoring a major software contest for programs designed for the handicapped The dead line ts November 15 Contact t
158. re both informative and a lot of fun Attach faces to those names you ve seen on the MUSUS bulletin board Learn the secrets of the SYSCOM Seo you there Apple Pascal 1 2 At the April meeting of USUS in San Diego Apple Com puter Inc announced the release early next year of Apple Pascal 1 2 for the Apple family This release will fix a number of bugs in 1 1 and offer several new capabilities The bugs are not nearly as serious as those which plaqued version 1 0 in fact many users won t have encountered any of them The most severe relate to the Seek procedure for random file access several problems the assembler and negative long integers they don t work properly especially in 0 A complete bug list is available at PIG meetings Perhaps the most exciting new fea ture of 1 2 is support for the auxiliary 64K on the Apple e Extended 80 Column Text Card This will be used for the code pool much as it is under Softech s lV x releases of the UCSD p System The stack the heap and user proqram data will reside in the main 64K I don t know which 64K bank the interpreter will reside in Thus much less segmenting of large programs will be necessary and larger amounts of data can be handled in memory by a program There will be a speed penalty due to the bank switching involved but according to some benchmarks l ve seen it s only about 102 This use of the auxiliary 64K will of course be an option presumably supported b
159. re pos sible LANGUAGES Articles such as this one describing differences in the performance of languages and computers abound One article which Is fairly well known appeared in BYTE 1 83 and used a prime number program called the Steve of Eratosthenes as its benchmark Since this articte has provided a standard that results can be compared against this was the first benchmark program ran for this article Table 1 depicts the results Apple I In conjunction with two differents CPUs One CPU is the 6502A standard equipment and the second is the 6502C e g the Accelerator Ii which runs 3 6 times faster than the 6502A As a first comparison look at the top and bottom num bers of the left hand column 345 vs 30 or the right hand column This improvement of more than 10 1 is due solely to the choice of languages Compare any two rows and you see the improvement in using the faster CPU approximately 5 5 1 Then if you aren t convinced fhat there s improvement to be had compare the upper left 345 with the lower right 7 5 That s a 46 1 difference it s also one reason why don t use BASIC For those of you familiar with the sieve benchmark please note that the times in Table are for a single iteration of the algorithm in BYTE multiply by 10 before comparing with the Gilbreaths results If your applications involve lots of processing sort ing files for example the path for you to take Is clear S
160. re underlining on and off super s 90F Small print Elite scripts and subscripts correspondence quality print 12CPI Gls data quality print and emphasized print on and off 9 70F Default print Pica To qet control of printer functions not available with 10CP1 G19 the Esc sequence a I lead in is used to turn on the 8 50F Big print 8 5 CPI 1G18 PKASO card Type size and line compression is ob 6 45F Bigger print 6 CPI G16 tained in this way The sequence to use isa little 5 20F Biggest print 5 CPI G15 more complicated L 8M Line compression 8 lines inch GIL 6M 6 Lines inch default IG I Let ter contd 56 October 1983 Washington Apple Pi KEYSTROKE N AN Now for the problems this glossary file creates First remember that in order to use these commands the file SPECIALX must be loaded as a glossary file using Qi option E Problems with underline are that It won t wrap around as ordinary text does You therefore have to turn it off at the correct place insert a carriage return and turn it back on if you are doing continuous underlining that extends past one line If you are just underlining a single word or a header phrase this problem doesn t arise f you are doing discontinuous underlining you are inserting and removing the underline function before and after each word This leads to special problems as does fre quent use of the subscript superscript command The problem is that your right ma
161. red for the Apple ila They reportedly provide much faster data access as well as vastly superior disk storage Some of the problems of SOS have apparently been dealt with in ProDOS In SOS for example you must boot a separate utility disk for formatting new disks and other utilities This means that you must keep a sup ply of formatted disks on hand or suffer the incon venience and potential other problem of having to exit a proaram boot the utility disk exit that and reboot the proaram disk On the Word Juggler disk built in utilities are provided for disk formatting and other purposes On the Quark implementation of ProDOS date and time stamping of file directories is not possible unless a Thunderclock is present Manual entry of date time Information is an excellent feature on SOS and it would be unfortunate if this were not avallable for ProDOS In order to make hard copy printouts of SOS file directories you also must boot a separate utility disk With ProDOS this is not necessary While in the catalog mode you simply precede the drive number designation e g d1 with an exclamation point and the directory is printed out THE UNKNOWNS There are a number of significant questions that can not be answered without access to the ProDOS system utilities and manual including the following The availability of compilers interpreters for BASIC PASCAL and other languages in the ProDOS format must assume that ne
162. resolutions of 558 by 190 or 278 by 382 It can be used to compose a picture from picture segments which were previously created picture files and or DOS binary files containing high resolution screen dumps One can write horizontal labels easily using the normal or alternate character set Picture segments can be moved on the screen by inserting or removing rectangular white areas Drawing is accomplished 46 October 1985 ANP A Review PRIATER Mesztenyi by cursor movements horizontally diagonally vertically or 5 The FONT file contains alternate character sets It is created edited by the Graphics program and used by the Text Editor Paint and Print programs The Graphics program provides a 7 by 12 matrix of cells in which the user can place the dots used for a character then specify the code rey to be used for inputting it Separate print programs are provided to print an alternate character set in a list or Keyboard layout format FONT files for Greens Cyrillic alphabets are provided in the pacage 6 The CHG file contains designated function key information It is created edited by the Text Editor in command edit mode and used in insert mode The main use of this file is to allow the user fo Input frequently used tong characters strings with a single ey 7 The MACRO Edit file contains a list of edi tor com mands It is created used by the Text Editor The package also includes other utility program
163. rgins get misaligned because Apple Writer counts the non printed commands as characters for line spacing or margin justification purposes The corrective step is to insert a dot command before that particular line of text adding additional spaces to the right margin up from default of RM79 Don t forget to go back to RM79 when finished The dot commands must be on Iines by themselves of course i You must also make changes In the margin settings when using non default print sizes For example if you use 5 CPI maximum margin settings for 8 inches of typing are LMO RMO For the tiny print size maxi mum typing is 8 x17 136 or LMO RM136 Elite type 12CP1 requires LMIO RM94 for ordinary work This print size in correspondence mode produces an excep tionally good appearance and should be acceptable for almost any purpose including direct photo reproduc tion The emphasized print boldface works with all print sizes but correspondence quality will not work with 17 CPI or 8 5 CPI If you are changing both size and Style enter the size first then the type quality If you switch between the two smaller type sizes or the two larger type sizes the command takes effect at the next ine not where it is in text One final caution if you use the compressed line feature 8 lines per inch you might have to readjust the default value of the number of lines per page amp Apple e Word Proc contd t
164. rom Dg 54 ever and needs improvements in memory work space and a number of its functions Sof Sys also needs to hire Apple s writers no pun Intended their manual needs 8 jot of work Pie Writer is an extremely versatite program Pro spective buyers should spend considerable time testing this program to see If they can live with Its Ideosyn cracies and limitations Apple Writer is the easiest program to learn and it executes very quickly particularly if you take advan tage of Its splendid glossary function It has a num ber of annoying quirks and deficiencies however and may not satisfy the longer term needs of serious users d Washington Apple Pi CONSULTING amp TEACHING DATA BASE WORD PROCESSING BUSINESS PROGRAMS ACCOUNTING PROGRAMS BUSINESS SYSTEMS OPERATION PROCEDURES WRITTEN PERSONAL TUTORING CLASSES TAUGHT FOR YOU OFFICE CENTERED TRAINING Staff Hand Holding a Specialty Leon H Rasely L C S W LRO 460 0754 APPLE MODEM WITH EVERYTHI Your bes buy modem history The Katwerkst pz Moe stt O fect CONSCI moses tor yout Appia 1 Be and lia cr Franaba ADET or ear Apc compa de cono You se Cvreculty Inked D Ce vast wo t c computers dau bits Lre me fcuce Compy serve cr Dew Jores friends dants Dusinesses and Runcreds cf total euet boards For onty 129 There s sosoniy fetting aise 2 Cuy And N even comas with software Tis is the modem Dust Coo
165. rom Gordon Stubbs member at large The loan has allowed him to experiment before committing us to a particular configuration Tom s plans should allow two incoming calls at once and greatly increased access time We look forward to developments SUMMER EDITOR Again this summer Betsy Harriman titled in for Bernie amp Gena Urban as Editor for the September issue We thank Betsy for her excellent work GAMES COLUMN I was delighted to hear of Jeff Brun er s intent to restart a Games column It has been sorely missed Another member Andy Baum has expressed interest in helping with such a column Andy would like to be a clearinghouse for hints tips and problems encountered If you have any of these Send them to Andy via the office COMMERCIAL LIBRARY Gordon Stubbs and Bob Hicks are busily at work developing our commercial software library as requested by the membership They are seeking new products from distributors to add to our growing collection which was begun with contributions from Computerland of Rockville and Columbia Computer Products The software wil be available for examina tion and use at the office We plan to add a second computer which can be used for this purpose and for the tutorials as well SIG ELECTIONS Last month we requested that SIGs which had not held elections in the past year discuss candidates for SIG chairman librarian and columnist Please hold nominations at this month s meeting and pla
166. rrangement allows the user to build up a Format Library consisting of statements for heading foot noting etc format statements can also be imbedded directly in the text In certain cases such as underlining it is preferred Besides the Print program Gutenberg comes with many other programs and data files The full power of the whole package can be seen best in the following files which a user can create and specify the programs to create edit use them 1 The INPUT file contains the main text stream to be printed It is created edited by the Text Editor and used by the Print program The Text Editor is relatively easy to use and powerful e g one can move bloc s of text from one file to another in split screen editing 2 The J INPUT file contains information which is to be imbedded in the main text stream at specified places during the print process It is created edited by the Text Editor and used by the Print program Such a file may be used for preparing mailing lists and form letters table generation etc 3 The FORMAT file contains the AR AP and AB format Statements If is created edited by the Text Editor and used by the Print program 4 The PICTURE file contains high resolution pic tures It is created edi ted by the Paint program and used by the Print program through a Format statement referring to the name of the file The Paint program is an interactive graphics program using a scrollable screen with dot
167. rs We sen Netzustet ty mat tor 79 and tt yog have anchtr moder for your ADOS Metradter 1 84 0 1060 valve ft will supOO7t AVO Cal and uid Macr Ket maar roquires 48K at Agog momery Cn Gwe and DOS 3 3 and 200M 4 Kenwerker MOGEN or another mocem N tan atso 09 used without modem when two Apoios tre Arra wired together using a 6050 or 6551 based in tertace card Katworker Metmeater and Metwerter Watnaster Combo are al produced in tha USA by 200M Telephones prosucers cf Uv popular DEMON DIALER The hotworker i3 FCC regis tered ind a3 products come wen a one year warranty KOW OO GET OXE OR TWO wege Micro Suite 29 4500 College Avenue Cottece Para MC 20740 301 279 1117 ZOOM Telephonics Inc 20 Sash Sreet Boston MA O2 57 SUPERSCRIPTS SCREENWR ITER exp E IIS SS idGe AND THE ig David Cx Gilde This article Is concerned with embedding printer code particularly for superscripting and subscripting while using Screenwriter II with an Epson printer One technique using replace characters was described by Donald Hall in the June issue of WAP Another technique using a custom printer driver was provided by Becker in the July issue of WAP In describing his driver Becker mentioned his driver was an efficient alternative to entering a long string of code that might otherwise be required to control a printer He also mentioned that the MACRO facility was a way of handling this This is the
168. rs quide to your personal ESCape table short machine language program is entered and exe Decide which functions you can do without which ones cuted first attempted to do this using a small you would like to modify and then think of the new BASIC program but there were complications It Is features you want to add Keep in mind that several possible to include all the instructions necessary to of these features depend on others so if you delete a read the THUNDERCLOCK and print the time in one BASIC provided feature be sure that it is not called by line but which line should use Whichever one some other ESCape function chose ran the risk of DELeting an existing program tine There was also the need to DELete the clock By using the ESC key then the key it is possible program line when was finished with it If for to print the left square bracket Since this is dif got it would end up as part of the program was ficult to remember I defined the ESC lt to be the working on Assembly language seemed to be the better and the ESC gt to be the Simple and logi solution Here s how it works cal Here are several other ESCape functions have added Tne apostrophe is used to Inhibit the printing of the following functions Next the ESC code combined with e Print Top of memory HIMEM the colon is used fo enter the Monitor Then the T Az1 15m HM fm 200 is used to tell the Monitor where to insert the machin
169. s 3 and Goss R ky ess The Appu Communications Card t5 on OE 30 you won 1 heed to buy ong That will Save bunch 11 s 300 baud the mos commonty used type of modem t comes Complete wih R3 Own communications sotware 0n Apo comic bio 635 giving you tates n2 mooom oe Like Gry Gore O tock the messagss Ea your Appii RAM End thon move the indor Me OD CSA ty Gasy FROCA and eme A terni progam Vul tant your Cormpsr tego Enswt MOSEI 90 you Can Send and rective M Toraoon in t or ht Cupiga modes And its 43 624y programmatie right trom the heybozrs support of your Appia computer M you 00 ts pig Wet worker into a y 361 except 0 your Appie computer TUM even ash you whal siot I s l W s thal easy to ute October 1983 And Keunaster ty last n trans fen Wiprmaton 64h ty oak three to Eve tines taster za he cers wan them But d you wart ngs 19 ot foot roay last QD 19 anciher Ketmaster WETMASTER COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE Fer 179 we include Me even more incred cie Karmana scfwrre br ecvencod users M master is a communccznons freeway Put lets you specd any Appia file t0 ancther Appia through noisy phone lines without errors Met maste even inclces ity own Duk Opsrstng Sysitm to control the Row of wiorubos ang V ve you over 40K of bur memory trom your 64K RAM And thara S Pear PED when you want amp On screen Situs hdc bero you tudy vore Kris wil bi yoy taser games Sales rtoo
170. s which take up screen space but don t print For exam ple if you are typing justified mode smooth right margin like this article a Ijne of text which has a command such as Sunderscore S will appear on the screen as running over the right margin but it will print flush However Wordstar won t do this for the multi character commands we have introduced If this creates a problem for you you will have to correct it 6 Wordstar tells you to turn off with a command on the line following the BLUR ELLA compressed text rather than immediately compressed mode last line of after the last word have not had any problems as a result of typing the R immediately after the last word If you do try putting the R on the next line ESCapina with GPLE contd from pa 40 executing the program 2D0Gm is used in this case Again the lowercase m represents the RETURN key When the program has successfully completed we are returned to APPLESOFT where we can continue as if there were no Interruptions After you are finished entering and testing the new functions don t foraet to run ESCAPE SAVE to save them If you have any qood ideas for new ESCape func tions please share them with all of us If you have any questions will attempt to answer them for you SUPPLIES STORE LABELS 0516 5000 1600 PRINTWHEELS PAPER Diabl
171. s Escape and the and the salutation Dear amp 2 would be output as Dear following menu will be displayed William at the appropriate spots in the letter m Replace filename The form letter function also allows multiple IF 2 Save under a different name THEN ELSE statements to te used so that user 3 Don t save at all selected conditions can be used to print certain addresses or to insert one or more of a select group i you select item one you will be asked if you want of paragraphs into the letter f o E This is an excellent feature It is similar to the i Edit filename form letter functions of the new Word Juggler e 5 Select a document to edit processor from Quark Engineering and the Write Away lt AR s new gocumsnt processor of Midwest Software Associates The latter ut rint filename program has one distinct advantage over Its competi Go to other menus tion variable names do not have to be specified at the beginning of the sequential data file Thus data Should you press P there will be a short delay after can be read directly from a DBMS generated text file contd 52 October 1983 Washington Apple PI another N a Nee ACCESS memory without modification Executive Secretary contains hardware configuration programs for most models of the Apple il including the e This permits one to use the arrow keys and other keyboard oriented improvements of the e Unfortunately the program can use only 48K of rand
172. s an example of a simultaneous solution of two linear equations by Gaussian elimination The algorithm is programmed in both normal precision and extended pre cision using EXTPREC The matrix representing the coefficients of the equations is of the type that generally gives poor results in norma or single pre cision The equations are as follows 0 00003 X 1 3 0 Xf2 2 900001 1 0 XII 1 0 x12 1 0 The exact solution is X 1 1 30 and X 2 29 30 The results of the single precision and of the extended precision solutions are shown in Listina 2 Notice that there is approximately 5 per cent error in the single precision solution for XII Listing 2 also shows a one to one comparison between the single precision and the extended precision implementation of the Gaussian elimination algorithm The ESQRT procedure included in EXTPREC provides an example of how extended precision transcendenta pro edures can be developed and added to the intrinsic unit Listing 3 is a short program which demonstrates the ESQRT procedure There are a few additional comments concerning the use of EXTPREC Comparing variables in conditional state ments e g greater than less than is done by con sidering the magnitudes of both the lonq integer man tissas and their associated integer exponents Abso lute values are obtained by multiplying the pseudo extended precision variable by itself using EP and then taking the square root using ES
173. s locally you a bargain MD residents add 5X sales tax Most other sicrocosputer accessories available let us know what you need and we ll get UPS shipping is available or you CALL Bonnie or David at 301 422 8926 10 AM 9 PM to place your order Cay TO ORDER or MAIL Certified Check or Money Order personal checks are OK but slow down your order to TURRIS EBORA COMPUTER 3304 Guawood Drive Hyattsville MD 20783 ok eER KKK KK KE KKH k X k k k k k kk k EK KH HK x k k k k kk kkk kkk kkk kkk kk kkk kkk kk kkk kkk kkk k kkk k x k k k k k kk kkk kkk kkk kk k kkk kkk kkk kkk KE Washington Apple PI October 1983 2 8 REASONS TO VISIT THE MICRO CONNECTIO 2S roms computer hardware or software at the MICRO CONNECTION 1 WE BUY FOR LESS We search the computer market for the best price on quality merchandise When we find the best source we buy in large quantities and so 2 WE SELL FOR LESS We believe that by buying merchandise In volume we can pass our savings on to you so you save money 3 WIDE SELECTION OF MERCHANDISE In stock Now Today We carry over 50 brands of computer products and we buy from over 100 distributors so you always get the best price on quality merchandise 4 LARGE INVENTORY We stock hundreds of items from printers to i diskettes If we don t have the item you re looking for in stock we ll order it for you all at a dis 4 count price to you
174. s not mentioned above such as a dis ette initialization program translator of DOS Wordstar text files to Gutenberg files a communication program for use with the CAT Novation modem various copy programs pro grams for locking unloc ing deleting renaming files etc Generally it is a very powerful pac age of programs Learning to use one program is not difficult but it takes time to be familiar with all of them The only significant shortcoming have found is that the rectangular size of a picture is not available to a format statement prior to printing it This necessitates the writing of a separate format statement for each different picture size The manual is printed in a loose leaf binder Besides 8 subject index It has a Glossary specifying various terms used in the manual found the instructions on the use of Individual programs generally good and clear had some trouble comprehending the full sys Tem as It is described in the first System Overview chapter For example there is no explanation qi ven for the READY state waiting for an operating system command and its difference from the command edit mode of the Text Editor Also some pictorial repre sentation of the relations between various files pro grams and keyboard would have been very helpful My main problem was understanding the language of format ting and how it is processed by the Print program As programmer am accustomed to and like the
175. sca text files into Word Juggler but no provision is made to reverse this process Hopefully such utilities are provided with the ProDOS System disks released by Apple In addition any SOS Apple text files can be read Simply by preceding the file name with an asterisk transferred text files of each type and encountered no problems SCREEN FEATURES In the document create mode the Screen fs blank except for information at the bottom of the screen on cursor location line and Column and remaining memory You are initially in the insert mode i e text is entered without overstriking any characters that already may exist in memory Charac ter entry is extremely crisp and fast typists should encounter no problems Usable screen display area is 80 characters wide and 22 lines in height The text display is not adjustable therefore It does not have what you see is what you get capabilities You can preview a printed document by pressing Control O and text in memory will be formatted and displayed on the screen CURSOR MOVEMENT The arrow keys of the e or the Contro S E D and X sequence may be used for standard line and character by character movement of the cur 44 October 1983 and arrow sor Combinations of the Shift Control keys may be used for other cursor jumping opera tions FUNCTION KEYS While menu screens are used for some functions Word Juggler relies mostly on a function key arrangement for spec
176. sem bly language in DCCTL TEXT This proarem originally came from the San Antonio Appleseed User Group and reached PIG via an exchange with the Dallas Apple Corps Fort Worth Apple User Group KINETC STR TEXT Terry Pundiak Finally a beautiful araphics program which also makes music to round out the disk Terry based the graphics on the Ktnetic String Art algorithms in a Byte article by Louis Cesa and added the accompany ing music himself This program came from Apple Net 7 also via the DAC FWAUG route It s a good thing there weren t programs like this when was in col lege If we d had this to watch when we were feeling lazy we d never have gotten any work done Thanks to all contributors and keep those programs coming in We are especially pleased to receive pro grams from WAP members and others outside the Washington area If you have a contribution for the library or the column please contact me at 3501 445 1583 on the WAP BBS WAP284 or on CompuServe 73075 1171 Contributions may be mailed to me in care of the club office That cleans the Trough amp k oc x WABASH x VERBATIM x x Bisk H onneetion Beta OKIDATA x HAYES amp k k amp 703 451 5342 INFLATION FIGHTING PRICES PURCHASE BY THE CASE AND SAVE DECISION SUPPORT SOFTWARE PRODUCTS PROFESSIONAL SOFTWARE UST OUR WABASH 5 PER BOX PER CASE 100 THE ACCOUNTANT LIST OUR ASHTON TATE PRODUCTS SS SD i 21 50 175 00 Apple
177. sembled by our Editor It helps all of us every month Your contri tions of questions or answers of reviews and software development of humor and anecdote brinq information and cheer to over 3 000 others Keep those cards and letters coming TUTORIALS introductory were very This month we began a regular series of tutorials The first month s results rewarding as most of the evenings were filled with pre reqistrants We will repeat this series in October and again in November if the inter est continues The tutorials are held every Tuesday night from 7 30 to 9 00 at our office An outline for the four eve ning series can be found in the September issue or can be seen at the office You may attend any number of the four courses While pre registering Is not a necessity it will quarantee you a seat wish to express the membership s appreciation to the instructors Lee Raesly Tom Warrick Bob Platt and Bruce Field LIBRARY DOCUMENTATION One of Bob Platt s objectives as librarian for new disks has been to Improve their documentation His first project a joint one with Betsy Harriman appears in the new member manual where CORI Morgans tein EXPANDED ABBS One of the items receiving many votes of support from the membership was an expanded ABBS Our able Sysop Tom Warrick has been at work on this project and will have recommended the specific hard ware by this time He has benefitted by a loan of equipment f
178. ss existing Quick File and PFS data bases You create or load a form letter into memory and while in the docu N ment mode press the Open Apple 1 keys You are then asked the source of the data file If you select Quick File insert the appropriate data disk in drive 01 and press Return The list of files on the Quick File disk is displayed After you have selected the correct file form letter printing begins The data records you wish printed may be defined in IF THEN ELSE conditions listed in the text of the form letter This is one of the most versatile and easy to use form letter functions that have encoun tered ERROR HANDLING Try as might could not get the program to bomb or hang Error protection appears to be excel lent PRINTING Several output default settings are avail able in addition dot type commands and control characters may be imbedded in the text For instance the left margin setting may be changed by pressing Escape as Indicated on the template provided and then entering the new setting e q 10 for ten col umns from the far left margin The term Left Mar qin 10 will be displayed on the screen in inverse video This is a very easy dot command feature to use and the listing of the function In inverse makes it simple to spot active commands and make modifica tions The entire document or selected paqes may be printed Custom drivers are provided only for the most popular pri
179. st make a certain number of mental conversions For exemple the authors refer to the ETX key rather than CTRL C Also Appendix B on system configuration will not be of much use to the novice Apple user as the system comes more or less pre configured The book fails to cover the shift key modification and the use of CTRL E CTRL W and CTRL T for capitalization of upper and lower case text Nor is the use of CTRL A and CTRL Z to horizontally scrol on a 40 column screen covered On the whole recommend this book as a useful intro duction and reference for the neophyte p system user It will serve as a useful quick reference to the edi tor and filer which is a weak point in the Luehrmann and Peckham book amp Is Your Home Accountant Too Slow Are You Dissatisified Buy THE ACCOUNTANT Finance Data Base System Then send us your Home Accountant and well send you DDBCALC FREE DBCALCTM List 195 List 20 Now 155 Now 15 Add 3 50 minimum shipping C O D s add 1 65 Apple IDM List 129 Now 105 Virginio Residents 4 sales tax VISA G MASTER CARD accepted Disk Gi onnection fata 6641 Backlick Rd Suite 206 Springfield VA 22150 703 451 4100 October 1983 33 THE FRIDAY REPORT Racsly d IS your business growing Or declining Or static How do you know These are very important management questions and all too often in a small business fo one knows Oh you have a seat of the pants feeling ab
180. starting on page 184 of the DOS Manual but seems to have been over ooked in the new DOS User s and Programmer s Man uals Fortunately it is fairly obvious how to use it just BRUN FID choose the menu option to copy files enter your source and destination disk drives insert an initiatized diskette in the des tination drive and enter an equal sign when it asks you what file name to copy Equal Is a wild card character and this wil cause all the files on the source diskette to be copied to the destination diskette Where can find information on the one wire modi fication for upper case characters Richard Langston had an article in the July 1985 WAP Journal on how to do this It is also explained in the Superscribe Il manual Can sort names in VisiCalc Walt Francis discussed this in the last WAP Journal September 1983 The answer is that you must do it manually line by line using the Move function In other words no Multiplan does have a sorting option with the limitation that it will only handle 255 records in one file Also sorting is done by row each record must be limited to one row and the entire row is moved along with the name being sorted Where can purchase a communications card kit plans My qoa is to interface a standard modem to the Apple without having to buy a communications card Could I run it from the game 1 0 port dontt know of anyone that is specifically produc inq a comm card kit
181. summed But it does not provide any useful information to sum the amount of cash on hand each Friday for any bank or savings account Now on to the Weekly and Monthiy Summary areas use both the VisiCalc function SUM as AVERAGE The monthly AVERAGE is just the amount times 4 3 Here well as weekly The Other Summary Formula Area is just that Summary data about any other information that is useful Some of the ones use are average client cash payment formula above which gives you the weekly Increase or average Insurance payment al clients and the average contd 36 October 1983 Washington Apple PI AUN 3 VL col umn insurance payment per Insurance client remember column where we counted the non insurance clients Also very useful to me is the projected yearly rate of business The easiest income to date divided by the number of date weeks within each weeks row here the perlod averages out the weekly changes and gives a more stable picture am sure that you many other statistical details for your business that would be important aids in understanding your ness health or unhealth longer So person this First Calc row half new row Third enter the new data in the Raw Data Area and have VisiCalc recaiculate with the com mand we have the G lobal R ecalculate command set to M anual so that the operator does not have to wait for VisiCalc to recalculate after each entry The last
182. sywheel built like a tank Diablo 620 25 cps daisywheel Quse Sprint 11 40 40 cps daisywheel INTERFACES amp BUFFERS Pkaso printer interface parallel w superior graphics Pipeline buffer 8K ta 128K w aerge print amp auch aore Grapplert printer interface parallel w graphics Buffered Grapplert 64K buffer plus graphics CPS Multifunction serial parallel and clock Wizard BPO 14K 32K buffered parallel w graphics IPI graphics text dunp page formatting CCS 77104 RS 232 serial for printers amp ocdens VIDEO amp KEYBOARO Videx Ultratera 160 colunn by 48 row display Videotera 80 coluan w softswitch amp inverse Wespercorp Wizard 80 softswitch amp inverse built in ALS Seartere II 80 coluans at a bargain price Saturn 80 cul card w 64K to 192K RAM for Ife Keytronic KB 200 low profile detached keyboard MEMORY EXPANSION Wespercorp Wizard 16K RAM card 2 yr warranty STB Systeas 64K RAM card w disk esulation software washington Apple Pi 1149 669 439 999 135 17 1e9 179 199 XXX SOFTWARE ttt WORD PROCESSING Wordstar 3 3 progran alone ScreenWriter II 70 col display spooling acre Super Text Professional Bank Street Writer Word Handler 70 col display easy to use Letter Perfect Incredible Jack word processing data base calc Sensible Speller IV checks ANY file type The Word Plus super spelling checker for CP M SPREADSHEETS amp
183. t the Friday Report It takes one d on my staff about 30 minutes a week to prepare fa M ZENITH 12 GREEN MONITOR 115 loads the last weeks template into Visi Second she nserts a row at the Last Entry L3 last hj of the row above in the Formula Area into the k Te toe OU October 1983 EPSON OTHER MODELS EERE MA SS oO DIDI i eS PRICE 219 100 APPLE COMPATIBLE SHUGART 390 60 105 115 16K RAM CARD 55 ZVM 123 AMDEK COLOR I413 MONITOR EPSON MX80 F T PRINTER 299 459 CALL PARALLEL PRINTER I F CARD 75 D C HAYES MICROMODEM II W TERMINAL PROGRAM 299 W O TERMINAL PROGRAM 269 VERBATIM DATALIFE DISK 24 SS DD PLASTIC BOX JOYSTICK W AUTO CENTER amp FINE TUNING Prices are s t change w o notice MD residents add 5 sales tax Personal or company checks allow y 24 2 2 weeks to clear COD accepted by money order or d cashier check Add 1 65 COD fee 7 MICRO STAR CO 2000 GROSVENOR CENTURY PLAZA SUITE 230 COLUMBIA MD 21044 301 730 7172 CH M F 9 00AM 5 00 Pu Prices quoted are for WAP members only 37 FMB Rie ES estre dae de Ty reat KH K KK i Death Race 82 29 95 21 95 Deadly Secrets 34 95 26 95 X Hardhat Noah 29 95 21 95 Sea Fox 29 95 21 95 Z Cross Country Rallye 29 95 21 95 Space Cadet 34 95 26 95 Il Crazy Mazey 29 95 21 95 Mars Cars 29 95 21 95 i Freefall 2095 2195 ll Ming s Challenge 34 95 26 95 a
184. t loss of screen space is a small price to pay for the convenience provided Although have not had access to printers other than the Prowriter see no reason why it would not wors on any of its loon alixes and possibly on others also At any rate it worns fine for me and perhaps it will be of some use to you REM GOSUB ROUTINES REM BY C SWIFT PROP POKE 34 0 GOTO 100 REM REM SUBROUTINES REM 11 PRINT CHR 27 CHR 33 RETURN 12 PRINT CHR 27 CHR 34 RETURN 13 PRINT CHR 27 CHR 81 RETURN 14 PRINT CHR 27 CHR 69 RETURN 15 PRINT CHR 27 LO10 RETURN 16 PRINT CHR 9 070N RETURN 17 PRINT CHR 27 CHR 78 RETURN 18 PRINT CHR 12 RETURN 19 PRINT CHR 27 CHR 88 20 PRINT CHR 27 CHR 89 O uU di wN RETURN RETURN 21 PRINT CHR 142 RETURN 22 PRINT CHR 143 RETURN 30 REM 100 REM SCREEN DISPLAY 110 REM 120 PR 0 HOME 130 PRINT SPC 13 INVERSE 140 PRINT GOSUB ROUTINES 150 NORMAL PRINT 160 PRINT 11 ACT BLDFACE 170 PRINT 12 OEACT BLOFACE 180 PRINT 13 CMP PTCH 17CP1 190 PRINT 14 ELT PTCH I2CP1 200 PRINT 15 LEFT MARGIN 10 210 PRINT 16 LINE LENGTH 70 220 PRINT SPC 3 FLASH 230 PRINT 3 INVERSE 240 PRINT START PROGRAM AT LINE 500 NORMAL 250 PRINT FLASH PRINT t 2 NORMAL 260 L FOR 1 TO 38 L LE NEXT 270 PRINT L 280 POKE 34 10 17 PICA 10CPI
185. t of an unusual copy protection scheme Apple Writer is sold only in a floppy disk version Needless to say all of these programs are available at discount prices but few if any computer stores carry all three processors Thus if may not be pos sible to try each of them at one sitting The major features of each program are summarized in Figure A have included the WordStar program of MicroPro as a fourth comparison point This excellent word processor is considered by many to be the current industry standard PIE WRITER This popular program can be configured to operate on any Apple computer from the original integer version to the new enhanced model Both 40 column and 80 column editing Is possible and only one disk drive is needed To take advantage of its latest features however you must have 64K of memory For those unfamiliar with Pie Writer it consists of three modules Washington Apple Pi COMPAT IBLE WORD Wet Tec GHecuy TYE amp 3e pe WRITER by William C Jac olbson Figure A COMPARISON OF FEATURES Pie Exec Apple WordStar Wr iter Sect Writer Text edit memory 19 000 16 000 47 000 NA Help screens One None Many Many Form letter func Yes Yes Yes M Merqe Mall list program No Yes No No Menu dependent No Yes No Yes Footnoting No No Yes No Time delays in seconds Initial boot 6 6 20 8 To edit screen 30 10 8 8 Begin printing 10 19 2 10 Print spooling No No No Yes Imbed CTRL chars Yes Yes Yes Yes
186. teacher sends half a class at a time to the Rainbow Room for a 45 minute period They divide into two groups half using hands on manipulative material the rest hands on on the computers Hence children would spend four weeks on computers four weeks on the manipulative material and so on Betty is the only professional in the Rainbow Room which is otherwise staffed by parents and other volunteers One adult contd Washington Apple Pi Operant Systems XXX HARDWARE tit DISK ORIVES Micre5ci A2 drive 100 Apple conpatible Shugart 390 Rana Systeas Elite One drive 40 track 163K Elite Two 40 track double side 324K Elite Three 80 track double side 652K TEAC Thinline drive 40 track 100 Apple cospatiblel Davong 5 10 and 15 MEG Winchester drives 239 265 425 549 259 call Corvus Winchester Onninet Mirror Concept 68000 call CP M SYSTEMS Applicard 6 Mhz Z 80 64K to 192K RAM 70 col videol 4 Mhz version of the abovel ALS CP M Plus 5ystea 4 Mhz Z 80 64K RAM CP M 3 0 Microsoft Premiun System 2 80 Videx 16K CP M 2 2 Softcard JCe 2 80 80 col amp amp 4K on one card MONITORS Aadek 300G 12 green anti glare screen 18Mhz 300A 12 asber anti glare screen 18Mhz Color I 40 coluan text color graphics NEC J8 1201 12 green anti glare screen 20Mhz 260 219 275 JB 1260 12 green 15Mhz best value for aaney e JB 1212 12 color conposite video
187. terCard Accepted 35 00 Paint Program 29 00 Super Slide Show 2 00 Postage amp Handling 4 Virginia Sales Tax Washington Apple Pi October 1983 250 350 440 290 250 140 105 140 350 185 500 200 120 100 100 47 MORE on WORDSTARZ EPSON by Ted Rockwell Several questions have come up on tast month s article on this subject so thought I d share the answers in this brief note 1 Some of the commands include a Q This is a NUL 00 in hex and is not the same as the O character on the keyboard It Is transmitted by hitting Control P followed by Q That was not clear in my article For example to turn on Graftrax superscript hit Control P then E capital or lower case it doesn t matter That s ESCAPE Then capital S not lower case then Control P foll wed by Q My shorthand for this was ES Q 2 The purpose of the article was to show how to create more characters than first appear possible To that end look at paqe B 6 at the back of your Word star Manual It shows that when you strike the ESCAPE key you do more than lock in capital letters Cer tain keys have additional characters on them which show up when you hit the shift key with ESCAPE pre viously pressed These additional characters are listed below You turn them off by hitting ESC again KEY SHIFT ONLY SHIFT LOCK MODE me 1 Vertical line o Opening single quote g Left brace gt 1 Right brace r
188. teve Stern 301 881 2543 Volunteer Coord Boris Levine 301 229 5730 SIG Coordinator Bob Platt 202 223 1588 SIG Chairmen Appleseeds David Stern 301 881 2543 APPLE BIII Hershey 301 588 1992 ASMSIG Ray Hobbs 301 490 7484 Business John New 301 577 7959 CP M Dave Neumann 301 776 6133 DISABLEDSIG Curt Robbins ABBS WAP428 or write 8805 Barnsley Court Laurel MD 20708 or phone John Molineaux 301 341 7391 EDSIG Peter Combes 301 871 1455 FORTH SIG Bill Wurzel 301 593 2258 Home Contro SIG Russ Eberhart 301 596 4995 LAWSIG Charles Field 202 265 4040 LOGOSIG Nancy Strange 705 691 1619 NEWSIG Bernie Benson 202 546 0076 Pascal PIG Harry Bishop 703 951 4957 Jim Harvison 703 593 2993 SIGAMES Jim Eatherly 202 232 6046 STOCKSIG Robert Wood 703 893 9591 Telecomm SIG George Kinal 202 863 6489 Washington Apple Pi Ltd 8227 Woodmont Avenue Suite 201 Bethesda MD 20814 EDT OR VA was struck by a thought expressed by Jonathan Roten berg in his column within the latest Issue of Computer Update a publication of the Boston Computer Society In it he mentions Editorial Director Stuart Alsop s Interest in expanding the size of the publication but at the same time as Jonathan stated We re not interested in becoming another one of those magazines that gets delivered to you by forklift began once again to think about where the WAP Journal is
189. the most troublesome features of the program e g the screen wil be the folfowing information on screen editing and document handling quirks of Pte Writer In addition much more complete contd Washington Apple PI October 1985 51 About 2900 Words Left Lines t A dd D el G o Mirk P rnt S earch Esc There are two edit modes cursor movement delete and add text The screen is initially in the movement delete mode at which time you may scroll through a document you have loaded into memory or delete char acters of text The arrow return comma and period keys are used for movement within the current screen For other screens the Go command is used press G enter the number of the line to which you wish to scrol and press return The line number convention has special significance in Executive Secretary If you want to print a draft copy of the document in memory simply press P while in the movement delete mode You wil then be asked whether fhe draft copy is to be double spaced and or line numbers should be printed at the left hand mar qin Assuming you answer yes to the latter question each line in the draft will be consecutively numbered Once corrections have been marked on the draft copy you may then use the Go command to jump directly to each tine that requires correction This is an in credibly useful and convenient feature The Add Text mode is entered by pressing the A key If you wish to ins
190. the sequence Esc CTRL The most difficult facet of Pie Writer to learn text editing While initial text entry is the same as most processors there are major differences in meth ods used for correcting and modifying existing text Insertion of text into a line may cause the text sup planted by this action to move off the screen If the insertion exceeds the right extremity of Pie Writer it has a line length limit of 127 characters a bell wil ring and additional text cannot be entered until the line is reformatted To reformat a line you must position the cursor at the desired end of line colum and invoke a command that will cause the over long line to be cut Gaps or irregular lines may remain on the screen display a more than likely event These may be corrected by using a join lines com mand If text is added to the middle of a long paragraph several cut join command sequences may be needed as one line s cut will be another line s add poten tially creating a series of over long sentences None of these efforts are necessary for the correct printing of data in memory The FORMAT module will reformat long or short lines to conform to the default margin settings for printer or screen output That is a series of 100 character and 50 character lines will print out as 65 column lines if that is the cur rent setting for the right margin Thus you must a get accustomed to viewing a screwed up screen while continu
191. thing in the text including carriage returns can be included in the search This makes it possible to use AW for com plex editing of text files so they can be read by data base management systems or other word processors For example my son had created a listing of his comic contd October 1983 55 book collection in an Apple Writer text file He was about to exceed the memory limits of that proces sor and wanted to transfer these data to a file cre ated on dBASE II the popular CP M based DEMS In order to do this had to structure the data into a format that could be recognized by dBASE This re structuring was accomplished very easily with the AW find function which is identical to that for the e version used a single command to add ail of the commas needed by dBASE l as field delimiters With a few additional commands was able to remove ali extraneous characters and carriage returns that would be rejected or misinterpreted by dBASE and to add quotation marks to those fields with imbedded commas i e to prevent a field with an imbedded comma from being interpreted as two fields My son has a collection of over 1500 comic book titles and this feature saved many hours of tedious etfort The modified data file was read perfectly by dBASE the first time attempted this transfer append operation Glossary is If possible an even more remarkable feature have used it for example to create help m
192. tors Betsy Harriman 202 363 5965 Genevie Urban 301 229 3458 Journa Staff Bulk Mail Dist Ell Gelb 301 229 8095 Store Distrbtn Ray Hobbs 301 490 7484 Columnists Applesoft James T DeMay Jr 301 779 4632 Business Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 EDSIG Peter Combes 301 871 1455 Q amp A Bruce Field 301 340 7038 VisiCalc Walt Francis 202 966 5742 Rich Wasserstrom 703 448 0984 7 00 9 30 PM Mon Fri Head Disk Lib John Malcolm 301 384 1070 Library Staff Dave Weikert Scott Rullman Bob Hicks Ben Acton Ed Lang Gabor Laufer Michael Leavitt Jim amp Nancy Little Van Kozak Terry Prudden Bruce Redding Gordon Stubbs Jerry amp Dave Waller Group Purchases New Disks Bob Platt 202 225 1588 Pascal Lib Mike Hartman 301 445 1583 CP M Lib Kit Leithiser 703 569 8037 Head Reading Lib Walt Francis 202 966 5742 Apple Tea Coord Paula Benson 202 546 0076 Arrangements Marge Gildenhorn 301 460 5540 Mike Koenig 301 948 5371 Demonstrations Signe Larson 703 524 4541 General Counsel Jim Burger Shaw Pittman Potts amp Trowbridge day 202 822 1095 Membership Dana Schwartz 301 654 8060 Program Cara Cira 301 468 6118 Publicity Chairman Hunter Alexander 703 820 8304 Rules amp Elections Bob Platt 202 223 1588 Special Publctns Betsy Harriman 202 363 5965 SYSOP Tom Warrick 301 656 4389 Tutorials Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 S
193. unteers We can expect fo see the fruits of their clever OK and the line went dead well I ll call labors soon back in October and see if we ve got a date 4 October 1985 Washington Appie PI we PROGRAM PREY by Serre LAr September 17 Voice Synthesizers EWS Ct We are fortunate to have Dr Randy Simon present our September proaram He received his doctorate in physics from UCLA and is presently working on low temperature physics with the Naval Research Lab Among his other projects Dr Simon has been involved in both programming software for Atari and the development of the voice snythesizer October 22 Data Bases You asked for it you re going to get it As indi cated in the survey taken at WAP board election time data bases scored high in interest as a program We will be following a panel discussion format Each program representative will give a brief description of his her data base Following that will be a ques tionnaire of common interest for al data bases and a Q amp A session with the audience Data bases and panel ists are General Manager Loftus Becker DP Master Dave Einhorn Data Perfect Leon Rasely Personal Filing System Jim Cumber Data Factory VOLUNTEER NEEDED dBASE II Paul Bublidz List Handler Jane Mason infoMaster VOLUNTEER NEEDED Directories Used with Echo II Synthesizer Computer Aids Technology for Print Handicapped Al Carter Thank you data base re
194. ures is the ability of any key to perform the same function as a combination of sev eral keys These may be accessed by first pressing the ESC key and then the desired key Several useful features are included on the GPLE master disk For example pressing the ESC key then the W key will print the address and length of the last BLOADed file Pressing the ESC then I will CATALOG the disk in drive one Similarly the ESC key then the 2 will F FRz PEEK CTHI 4PEEKC1I2 256 PEEKCTO9 PEEK 110 256 m e Print last line executed useful while debugging Z 2 SA PEEK 119 PEEK 120 256m e List the program using the right arrow key u LIST e Print ERROR and LINE which caused program execution to stop useful if ONERR is active X ER PEEK 222 LN PEEK 218 PEEK 219 256m e List the program to the printer in sloft l P PR im i BON L ISTmPRZOm amp m CATALOG the disk in drive two ESC then S will print the amount of free sectors of the disk last Read the THUNDERCLOCK in slot 3 then print CATALOGed Several of the provided ESCape functions the time in AM PM format are not documented in the users quide There is 200 A9 A5 20 OB C 20 08 C AO 0 B9 00 however a program on the master disk called ESCAPE 02 CO 15 FO 07 20 ED FD C8 4C DA 02 PRINTER which will print a complete list of the 4C DO 03m2D0Gn current ESCape functions in the previous examples the following symbols are GPLE will w
195. utes per week on the computers How ever it would be difficult to extract more than 45 minutes from the children s crowded schedules Ideal ly they would like to have ten computers in a comput er lab and for each classroom to have up to six machines Currently a popular program is MopTown which goes along with other logical thinking attribute work Master Mind Bagels and Hot Stuff were also used Bumble was particularly mentioned a nice step by step progression Correct use of the keyboard was considered an important skill and they had looked at Master Type Other members of the audience had used Typing Tutor Micro Type and Word Attack One par ticipant mentioned using LOGO commands in Master Type Gloria Seelman of Montgomery County Public Schools reporte at Master Type was very good for those under 10 but It was sometimes frustrating for the younger child and it would be useful if it could be slowed down Those over 10 found it boring One good point though was that the sound could be turned off Typing Tutor Il was liked better by older children Betty also used Bank Street Writer and would ike to use it with younger children What did computers do best Betty emphasized the problem solving setting that computers could pro vide inducing a positive attitude to problem solving As Jay Thal pointed out Computers are non judgment al and teachers are not Members of the audience also discussed the use of
196. ven with the best software you can spend hours of time and many hundreds of dollars in data base charges Let the Option Value Reporter save you time and expense You get State of the art fair value analysis for puts and calls on over 300 stocks weekly Best positions selected for a minimum 30 probable annual return Incisive commentary examples etc Make it easy to find the best trading opportunities Send us your name and address with 15 for your 5 week trial subscrip tion Six 6 months 25 issues is 100 1 year 50 issues is 180 Maryland residents add 5 sales tax OPTION ANALYTICS INC Scientific Stock Option Analysis Department A P O Box 529 e Bowie MD 20715 O0OOcO00000000000000 O00 OO OO OO a M OC Washington Apple PI regular WAP RE I NIKCER R for DOT MATRIX RIBBONS Re inking machine for ALL Dot matrix printers Basic unit uses BLACK ink 79 95 4 packing amp shipping Also color add on kits available 25 bottle of and new ribbon of desired Available in RED BLUE GREEN amp BROWN Each custom built to your order Please allow three weeks for delivery Md residents add 357 sales tax Includes new wick ink color DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED LRO inc 460 0754 14208 Weeping Willow Drive 32 Wheaton Md 28988 dBASE II BUSINESS APPLICATIONS SEMINAR Presented by MICRO SYSTEMS CONSULTING Ca FINANCIAL DATA SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION t
197. ver sion of Pie Writer retains this capability The man ual provides memory address tables and rudimentar y advice on how to prepare and use such routines It Is very easy to contact Hayden Software for help They have a toll free number and their offices ere in Massachusetts so that you can call during normal day light hours Their technical support staff is respon slve and eager to help All in all Pie writer Is an extremely versatile pro gram that is a tinkerer s delight Its main draw backs are No screen reformat command e Too little memory 19 000 for text editing and printing purposes e A form letter function that Is under powered and e As is typical of much computer documentation today explanations of Pie Writer s powerful array of commands are necessary so that users may take advantage of these excellent features Should Hayden Software correct the above problems would place Pie Writer among the best available Apple DOS based word processors At a list price of 150 it is a bargain by any standard EXECUTIVE SECRETARY This processor can dependent executed makes it truly be classified as menu Almost al functions must be selected from one of the many menu screens This exceedingly easy for first time users to learn the system and for occasional users to regain their proficlency This does not mean that Executive Secretary is without its complications There are a number of fun
198. version 129 99 50 dBASE tI w application manual 700 CALL SSIDD 24 50 205 00 1BM version 195 155 00 FRIDAY 295 245 D S DO 3500 310 00 OB CALC Visicalc interface 20 15 00 THE FINANCIAL PLANNER es 04 1 96 TPI 51 00 470 00 THE BUSINESS ACCOUNTANT THE BOTTOM LINE STRATECIST available in Soft 10 and 16 sector Apple version 255 210 FOX amp GELLER WABASH 8 IBM 295 245 QUICKCODE 295 245 SS SD 2500 225 00 Business DB Calc 40 30 dCRAPH T pa D DE ioo 0 ipie d SATURDAY NIGHT CALL DS DD 47 00 430 00 LIST 495 18M PC INTRO 245 225 U VERBATIM 5 MODEMS Oita sd S S DD S709 om HAYES SMARTMODEM 300 25 sas BPlus hs DS DD 3900 3 dBASE I application manua k MARTMODEM 1200 699 CALL DD w Cleaning Kit 35 00 BNG VU AKER I is is ULTRA MAGNETICS 54 Word processor spreadsheet list SS DD 700 240 00 OKIDATA 82 64 92 93 SCALE processing graphics data transfer DS DD 36 00 310 00 Flip N File 2200 ile management system 3M 5 Plastic Library Boxes 3 50 ALL built into one system SJOD 27 00 235 00 Virginia Residents 4 sales tax 3900 350 00 Phone 703 451 5342 VISA amp MASTER CARD accepted D5 DD 9am 7pm M F EST ADD 3 50 minimum shipping MAXELL CALL CALL 10am 2pm SAT EST C O D s add 1 65 25 Washington Apple Pi October 1983 9c 861 12930120 id ejddv uo4buqusaA Beating Round Off contd from pq 25 Listing 1 iM 0M5 DIV 10 If 17 digits divide by 10 N3 N31 and increment exponent by 1
199. ving on the Apple I in Nicholas Wirth s powerful new language Programming in dBasell Tuesday Mednesday 9 27 9 28 9 00an 1 00pn Programming in dBasell Thursday 10 27 11 3 11 10 11 17 9 00am 11 30am Programming in dBasell Tuesday 11 29 12 6 12 13 12 20 9 00an 11 30an F R EVERYONE How to Put Taxes on a Computer Wednesday 11 16 3 30pn 7 30pn Given by Roy Rosfeld who designed the tax template on VisiCalc for Apple Pi 85 00 85 00 40 00 45 00 59 00 39 00 45 00 75 00 45 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 50 00 CLASSES ARE HANDS ON CONPUTERS USED IN CLASSES INCLUDE APPLE 1 PLUS APPLE Ile OSBORNE AND MORROW Classes limited to 10 Call 966 2336 to register 202 966 2336 J Mason J Mason J Cohen B Levine J Mason J Mason J Cohen Mason Edwards Bob Platt Whittaker Whittaker Whittaker Rosfeld IBM PC EAGLE PC 5100 WISCONSIN AVENUE N W 303 WASHINGTON D C 20016 202 966 2336 FREE PARKING THE EASY WAY TO LEARN ABOUT COMPUTERS October 1983 Washington Apple Pi DPF SOI x cep President David Morganstein 301 972 4263 Vice President Dana Schwartz 301 725 6281 Treasurer Edward Myerson 703 759 5479 Secretary Sarah Lavilla 301 926 6355 Directors Bernie Benson 202 546 0076 Peter Combes 301 871 1455 Bruce Field 301 340 7038 Nancy Philipp 301 924 2354 Gordon Stubbs 703 750 0224 Rich Wasserstrom Editor Bernie Urban 301 229 3458 Associate Edi
200. w versions of these languages will be marketed and that they will be variations of those currently available for SOS The capacity to easily modify printer console and other drivers using various system utilities SOS has superb utilities for making extensive changes to standard drivers However the Apple is not as Read Only Memory ROM dependent as the Apple e and thus is much easier to customize from an I O stand point Appie may be able to emulate some of these capabilities on the e through a hardware device The extent to which ProDOS can be used on Apple or Pascal that is used presumably simplifies addressing earlier computers Word Juggler is designed for the contd Washinaton Apple PI October 1985 43 keyboard of the e but that may be a programming decision rather than technical limitation ProDOS presumably can operate with 64K or 128K of RAM although Quark recommends 128K for Word Juggler Anything less than 128K severely restricts the size of the file that can be entered into memory during the document creation editing and printing processes The capabilities of ProDOS based e s to interact with the Lisa system If ProDOS Is a Unix compatible system then some networking should be possible Guesses on the extent and limitations of such a setup would be pure conjecture It is unfortunate that ProDOS adds yet another disk format procedure the others being DOS Pascal and CP M to further confuse f
201. work with look at model contd Washington Apple PI TRI STATE SYSTEMS DISCOUNT APPLE SOFTWARE MONTHLY SPECIALS Our Our Retail Price Retail Price Choplifter a 0 0 ccc cee eee 34 95 24 50 Screen Writer Il 129 95 89 95 PS pe quc EMO MEME 29 95 19 95 Master Type 39 95 27 95 Kraft Joysticks 64 95 46 95 Bank Street Writer 69 95 49 95 Choplifter w Joystick purchase 34 95 20 00 SnackAttack 29 95 19 95 Ultima II RIRs 59 95 42 95 Galactic Adventures 59 95 42 95 FrOgger oe er verres 34 95 24 50 Doss Boss amp Utility City 53 50 37 95 Cannonball Blitz 34 95 24 50 Verbatim 10 disks 5 42 00 26 95 GAMES Rotat price UTILITIES naal Price Wizardry 0 cee cece eee eee 49 95 37 95 Home Accountant 74 95 56 95 Wizardry li Knight of Diamonds 34 95 25 95 Sensible Speller 125 00 94 95 Wizardry Ill Legacy of Llylgamyn 39 95 29 95 Screenwriter Pro uu 199 95 149 95 Wizardry amp Ih ee 84 90 59 95 Transend 1 cssc cs asad ee 89 00 69 95 Castle Wolfenstein 29 95 20 95 VisiCalo oreet bee wurde eae 250 00 CALL Thunderbombs 205 19 95 15 95 VisiPlot VisiTrend 4 300 00 CALL Transylvania
202. xt editing The settings shown on the Print Program Menu the default and special printer commands do not go with the file That is if default print format settings have been changed you must reset these prior to beginning a new document or they will remain in effect Many processors save special settings with the document or clear out such settings at the end of print actions so special adjustments are not needed have had similar problems with hanging dot and other text imbedded commands Those invoked for one file may still be in effect when another file is loaded The AW devil strikes again Needless to say am not the World s foremost propon ent of AW have always found it a difficult program to completely control even with its surface simplici ty AW is always pulling new tricks for which reme dies must be concocted Even with AW s problems there are those who would use no other proqram They find it easy to use and are willing to live with its idiosyncracies My teenage son is among them and he has the choice of many pro cessors FIND AND GLOSSARY AW has some of the best implementations of certain features that have encountered First on my list is the find or search function Like nearly every other word processor the find function allows search only conditional replace and automatic replace What dis tinguishes It from the pack is the wide variety of search parameters that can be set Any
203. y special SYSTEM APPLE and SYSTEM PASCAL files A version of T 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 for use with Apple Jis and s and Apple e s without the extra memory will also be included in the The next semi annual meeting of USUS will be held in release contd 20 October 1983 Washington Apple PI New PIG11 Library Disk As promised above descriptions of new PIG library disks wil appear in this column Here is the first for PIGI1 which should be available from WAP beginning this month BLAISE 3 2 TEXT FILE INFO TEXT TEST FINFO TEXT Tom Woteki These routines provide access to the File Information Block FIB maintained by the Apple Pascal system on each file declared in a program They are comparable to the routines provided for UCSD IV 1 by several of its vendors Such information as file pointer posi tion and file buffer state is now available for your program s perusal FILE INFO TEXT Is the UNIT which contains the FIB access procedures TEST FINFO TEXT is a sample program which utilizes the UNIT BLAISE 3 2 TEXT is the documentation for both which origi nally appeared as Tom s Blaise Away column in the January 1983 WAP Journal RAMHOOK TEXT RAMDRIVER TEXT Steve Daly These proarams provide a device driver which turns the Extended 80 Column Text Card of your Apple e Into a super fast 62K RAM disk Steve has turned that paper weight inside your new machine into something useful And in

Washington Apple Pi Journal, October 1983

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