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Callisto-Pi Installation and Operation Guide

1. Enter the username and then the password You will not see characters on the console as you enter the password Default username pi Default password Callisto Pi After logging into RPi you will see the prompt pi Callisto Pi At any time you can right click the bar at the top of the PUTTY window to see the menu Click Change Settings if you would like to revise the user interface and session settings zP pi Callisto Pi 2 t Restore login as pi pi810 0 0 37 s password Move Linux Callisto Pi 3 12 35 4 size 3B 18 31 24 GMT 2014 armv amp l Minimize Ihe programs included with Maximize q7SLem are free sottware the exact distribution ter described in the individual files in usr s X dose Alt F4 Debian GNU Linux comes wit Special Command Rly to the extent permitted by applicable la Event Log You have new mail Last login Thu Jan 8B 06 Mew Session pi amp Callisto Pi Jj Duplicate Session Saved Sessions k Change Settings Copy All to Clipboard Clear Scrollback Reset Terminal Full Screen About PuTTY In the next section you will change the default password You will need the new password to log into Callisto Pi using the SSH client See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 6 Section 3 System Housekeeping After logging into the RPi a few housekeeping measures are required Change password Log into the Cal
2. RA bytes 0 0 0 B TA bytes 0 0 0 B pi Callisto Pi netstat nr Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags M55 Window irtr Iface 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 UG 0 0 0 etho 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 255 2550 U 0 0 0 etho pi amp Callisto Ei D See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 21 Note the information shown in the Destination and Gateway columns Destination 10 0 0 0 network destination Gateway 10 0 0 1 gateway address Your console screen most likely will show different values Copy the following details from your console Destination your network destination Gateway your gateway address A 2 Edit the network configuration Use the built in editor nano to edit the network interface configuration file sudo nano etc network interfaces y pi Callisto Pr GNU nano 2 2 6 ile etc network interfaces auro lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth inet dhcp Uncomment the following 5 lines and replace the network addresses address 10 0 0 11 netmask 255 255 255 0 network 10 0 0 0 broadcast 10 0 0 255 gateway 10 0 0 1 JH che che che che che ENE allow hotplug wlang iface wlan inet dhep woa cont etc wpa supplicant wpa supplicant cont iface default inet dhcp NC Get Help ME WriteOut MES Read File Mg Prey Pace MER Cut Text im Cur Pos Ei Exit AU Justify A Where Is MEM Next Pace Mi UnCut Text To Spell a Using the keyboard
3. 1 RX packets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 IX packets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 0 RA bytes 0 0 0 B TA bytes 0 0 0 B pi Callisto Pi Note the information to the right of ethO ethO0 Link encap Ethernet HWaddr b8 27 eb 13 40 76 inet addr 10 0 0 11 Bcast 10 0 0 255 Mask 255 255 255 0 In the above example inet addr 10 0 0 11 current IP address example Bcast 10 0 0 255 broadcast IP range example Mask 255 255 255 0 subnet mask example Your console screen most likely will show different values Copy the following details from your console inet addr your current IP address Bcast your broadcast IP range Mask your subnet mask Now enter the following at the prompt netstat me z pi Callisto Pr iface default inet dhcp al pigCallisto Pi ifconfig eth Link encap Ethernet HWaddr b8 27 eb 13 40 768 inert addr 10 0 0 11 Bcasr 10 0 0 2755 HM sk 255 255 255 0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU 1500 HMetric 1 REX packets 199383 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 IX peckets 193416 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 1000 RX bytes 34234687 32 6 MiB TX bytes 43215623 41 2 MiB lo Link encap Local Loopback inet addr 127 0 0 1 Mask 255 0 0 0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU 65536 HMetric 1 EX packets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 tframe 0 IX packets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 rtxqueuelen
4. E Documents T pde a Music Pictures Callisto Pi DA Disc Image File BE Videos e 7 40 GB jE Computer lwatvgui 4 Disc Image File 3 69 GB 25 Local Disk C Si ie File name Callisto Pi img Disk Images img 1MG cea E At this time you will be returned to the Win32 Disk Imager user interface Click the Read button After a moment the Progress bar will show the Read operation The read operation will require several minutes so be patient W win32 Disk Imager Image File ETTUITMETTETEM Capy mos Hash Progress M Version 0 9 5 Cancel Read Write Exit 16 9803MB s When the Read process finishes a Success window will pop up NO Conplete xi o Read Successful Restore To restore the Callisto Pi image iX Insert an 8 GB or larger memory card in the reader writer Any data on the card will be overwritten iX Open Win32 Disk Imager and select the memory card drive letter under Device If the card is not recognized it may need to be formatted Use SD Formatter to format the card SDFormatter Navigate to the Callisto Pi img File at the location where it was saved and select it Click Open Click the Write button on the Win32 Disk Imager user interface Z oir 5x See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 33 After a moment you will see the Write Progress bar advance as the image is written to the memory card The write operation will
5. The setup described in the following paragraphs assumes your Wi Fi network broadcasts the SSID Service Set Identifier See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 25 B 3 Setup W Fi Configuration Do not yet plug in the Wi Fi dongle Log into Callisto Pi and enter the following commands sudo nano etc network interfaces z pi Callisto Pr le etc network interfaces Buto lao iface lo inet loopback iface e amp erh inet static address 10 0 0 11 netmask 255 255 255 0 network 10 0 0 0 broadcast 10 0 0 255 gateway 10 0 0 1 allow hotplug wland iface wlan inet dhcp wpa conf etc wpa supplicant wpa supplicant conft iface default inet dhep Read 14 lines mo Get Help ME WriteOut Read File Mi Prev Page WE ai Exit aw Justify Where Is ME Next Pace amp Note the following lines Do not change them auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface ethO inet static The above form the basic wired network interface configuration in which the RPi uses a static IP address see Appendix A The lines that immediately follow show the static IP configuration If your Callisto Pi is setup to use DHCP the third line of text will read as follows and there will be no addressing iface ethO inet dhcp Also note the following lines which provide basic WLAN configuration details Do not change them The WLAN configuration is defined by the wpa supplicant conf file allow hotplug w
6. UnCut Text To Spell hd When done editing the file press CTRL X Exit Y Yes and ENTER to save and exit the configuration file If you have more than one Wi Fi network at your station you can add the details for each network in the wpa supplicant conf file Callisto Pi will then connect to the one with the best signal For a setup with multiple networks the text lines network additional network details will need to be determined and specified for each network Now shut down the Callisto Pi sudo halt All LED indicators on the RPi board except the red power LED will extinguish when the shutdown is complete When the shutdown is complete remove power B 4 Install the WLAN Dongle With power disconnected from the RPi unplug the Ethernet cable and plug the WLAN dongle into any USB port on the RPi Connect power to RPi As it boots the power LED red will be steady and the Activity LED should flash After a moment the RPi should automatically connect to your wireless access point The RPi is setup to use DHCP and will request an IP address from the router Most WLAN dongles have a status LED which should flash when initialized The LED will flash at about 1 Hz rate with occasional shorter irregular flashes indicating activity If the status LED does not light at all or continues to flash at only 1 Hz rate for more than a minute with no occasional flashes there may be a problem in your setup You will not be able to log
7. can revert to DHCP by reversing the steps or by looking at your screenshots before the changes You must reboot after making any interface changes sudo reboot Alternately instead of reboot you also can simply stop and restart the RPi network sudo etc init d networking stop sudo etc init d networking start See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 24 Appendix B Install Wireless LAN WLAN Adding a wireless LAN connection to the RPi requires only a USB wireless access device also called WLAN dongle and Wi Fi dongle and some changes to the network interface configurations Note A USB BlueTooth dongle is physically identical to the Wi Fi dongle but is not compatible with this application Most Wi Fi dongles are marked 802 11n The following steps assume the RPi is initially connected to the LAN through a a wired Ethernet cable DO NOT plugin the Wi Fi dongle until told to do so As you go through the following steps take screenshots before and after making changes this will help in case you need to reverse your changes It Should be remembered that a Wi Fi dongle derives power from the RPi USB port and this power is in addition to that required by the RPi itself The dongle should be plugged into the USB port BEFORE power is applied to the RPi otherwise the RPi will reboot because of the momentary voltage drop on its power bus This is a design deficiency in the RPi and can resul
8. cursors move to the end of the line that reads iface ethO inet dhcp Replace dhcp with static as in iface ethO inet static Directly below the iface line uncomment delete the character the following lines and replace the address parameters with those you obtained previously Do not enter the text in parentheses below address 10 0 0 11 use the inet address netmask 255 255 255 0 use the subnet mask network 10 0 0 0 use the network destination broadcast 10 0 0 255 use the broadcast IP range gateway 10 0 0 1 use the gateway address The address field is the static IP address to be assigned to Callisto Pi It does not necessarily have to be the address originally assigned by the LAN router but it must be within the router s network range See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 22 z pi Callisto Pr r 7 GNU nano 2 2 6 auro lo iface lo inet loopback iface e amp erh inet static I Uncomment the following 5 lines and replace the network addresses address 10 0 0 11 netmask 255 255 255 0 network 10 0 0 0 broadcast 10 0 0 255 gateway 10 0 0 1 allow hotplug wland iface wlan inet dhcp wpa conf etc wpa supplicant wpa supplicant conf iface default inet dhcp Cut Text UnCut Text mi Prey Page at Hext Page ee WriteOut ME Read File om Justify NU Where Is uM Cur Pos oy To Spell Your console should look simi
9. gateway the c 5 command line switch indicates to ping 5 times Note Without the c 5 switch the address will be pinged continuously To stop continuous ping press CTRL C Also be sure to use the IP address of your gateway router and not the one shown here bing IL0 0 0 amp 1 e 5 z pi amp cCallisto Pi i lal xi IX packets 954 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 al collisions 0 txqueuelen 1000 RX bytes 12854 12 5 KiB TX bytes 14027 13 6 KiB lo Link encap Local Loopback inet addr 127 0 0 1 Mask 255 0 0 0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MIU 65536 Metric i RA peckets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame IX packets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 0 RA bytes 0 0 0 B TX bytes 0 0 0 B pigCallisto Ei ping 10 0 0 1 c 5 PING 10 0 0 1 10 0 0 1 56 84 bytes of data 64 bytes from 10 0 0 1 icmp req 1 tt1 643 time 1 25 ms 64 bytes from 10 0 0 1 icmp req 2 tt1 643 time 1 20 ms 64 bytes from 10 0 0 1 icmp req 2 ttl1 64 time 1 22 ms 64 bytes from 10 0 0 1 icmp req 4 tt1 64 time 1 24 ms 64 bytes from 10 0 0 1 icmp req s ttl1 64 time 1 77 ms 10 0 0 1 ping statistics 5 packets transmitted 5 received 0 packet loss time 4005ma rtt min avg max mdev 1 203 1 360 1 779 0 218 ms pigCallisto Pi The pings should be successful with no packet loss If not successful then your setup is incorrect Recheck each step above If necessary you
10. image includes a number of additional lines all commented out deactivated with the character Use the keyboard arrow keys to navigate the text and then make the changes necessary for your wireless network The first two parameters ssid and psk are the SSID and PASSWORD values and proto key_mgmt pairwise and auth_alg are the Encryption type and method mentioned in par B 2 To activate the WLAN delete the character and edit the values shown according to your network details When finished the configuration file should look something like this See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 27 z pi Callisto Pr CNU nano 2 ctrl interface DIR var run wpa supplicant GROUP netdev update config 1 t To usa a wireless network uncomment the three lines below t Replace the fields in parentheses network i gs5id WLAN 1 ndm f To use a wireless network uncomment the five lines below for proto key mgmt i Protocol type can be RSN for WE2 and WPA for WPAi Key management can be WPA PSE or WPA EAP Pre Shared or Enterprise Pairwise can be CCMP or TEIP for WPA2 or WEBA1 Authorization should be OPEN for both WPA1 WPA2 less common are SHARED and L f Be sure to uncomment the closing brace prota WBPA key mgmt WPA PSEK pairwise TEIP auth alg OPEN me Get Help ME Wrirtecut Head File Mei Prey Pace WEB Cut Text ee Ei Exit Aw Justify Where Is ME Next Page ME
11. into Callisto Pi until you determine the wireless IP address and then setup the SSH client PUTTY to use that address Check your router or use a network scanning program for example See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 28 SoftPerfect Network Scanner NetScan to find the hostname Callisto Pi same hostname as the wired network connection but this time it most likely will have a different IP address If Callisto Pi fails to appear on the network you can plug the Ethernet cable back in log into the wired Ethernet interface and double check the above steps You most likely made a typing error After finding and fixing the error you can either restart the network interface or reboot the RPi To restart the network interface without rebooting the RPi at the prompt enter sudo etc init d networking restart Disconnect the wired Ethernet cable and log into the wireless interface using the wireless IP address Remember do not insert or remove the WLAN dongle with power applied to the RPi but it is okay to remove and install the wired LAN connection with power on It is recommended that either wireless LAN or wired LAN be used but not both at the same time If wired LAN is to be used remove the WLAN dongle with RPi power off If wireless LAN is to be used remove the wired LAN connection No changes are required to Callisto Pi configuration files or launcher sh setup After logging
12. into RPi you can check the wireless connection quality At the Callisto Pi prompt enter iwconfig pi amp cCallisto Pi j jol x pi Callisto Pi pifCallisto Pi pif Callisto Pi pi Callisto Pi pi Callisto Pi pi Callisto Pi amp 5 pi Callisto Pi pi Callisto Pi pi Callisto Pi pi Callisto Pi iwconfig wland IEEE B02 11bg ESSID ReeveGCI Nickname lt WIFI REALTEK gt Mode Managed Frequency 2 437 GHz Access Point 00 390 4C 31 00 01 Bit Rate 54 Mb s Sensitivity 0 0 Retry off RTS thr off Fragment thr off Power Management offt Link Quality 100 100 Signal levei 100 100 Noise level 0 100 Bx invalid nwid 0 Rx invalid crypt 0 Ex invalid frag 0 Tx excessive retries 0 Invalid misc Missed beacon lao no wireless extensions eth no wireless extensions pigCallisto Pi p To the right of the wlanO interface the details include the SSID frequency bit rate link quality signal level and noise level plus other information about the wireless connection To see packet information and IP addresses for all connected interfaces enter in the following example both the wired and wireless connections are active IfCOmnELlio See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 29 pi amp Callisto Pi al pi Callisto Pi ifconfig al eth Link encap Ethernet HWaddr b8 27 eb 13 420 768 inet addr 10 0 0 11 Beast 10 0 0 255 HM s
13. the memory card unless you use a special image read write program such as the Win32 Disk Imager This backup method requires removing the memory card from the RPi and then inserting it into a card reader connected to a Windows PC See Appendix C for backup and restore procedures Be sure to properly shutdown the RPi before removing the memory card see next item Shutdown the RPi To avoid corrupting the Callisto Pi software image the system must be properly shutdown before removing power just like a Windows PC Never remove power without first shutting down To shutdown log into Callisto Pi using the SSH terminal and at the prompt enter sudo shutdown h now Or sudo halt All LED indicators except the red power LED on the RPi board will extinguish when the shutdown is complete requiring only a moment Power may then be removed followed by the memory card See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 8 Section 4 Edit Launcher Launcher is a shell program that executes whenever the RPi is powered up or rebooted It includes a set of instructions that are carried out to control Callisto Pi activities It is necessary to edit the launcher sh for your specific environment including the web server and local archive storage NAS a USB flash or USB hard drive also may be used if desired but it is described in a later section Folders and directories are case sensitive so be sure to enter te
14. to above TER Wireless 10 0 0 37 Callisto Pi Test Set WinSCP File Commands Mark Session View Help Address T T amp ff BE BaFindFiles Download jg L Edi on sete tal AIL euis Zr E gt ES Queue 23 Transfer Settings Default TUS Wireless 10 0 0 37 Callisto Pi Test Set CO New Session E root a Name Ext _size Changed Rights Owner ies n bin ry 1 3 2015 10 11 22 AM FWXT XT X root U hoot aN boot 12 31 1869 3 00 00 PM PWXT XT X root a s dev Ji dev 1 5 2015 10 33 41 PM PWXT XT X root i Eas i aie d etc 1 6 2015 3 18 37 AM l UXF XT X root E hio d home 9 8 2014 12 23 16 PM FWXT XT X root ca o Jk lib 3 8 2014 1 20 48 PM rwxr xr x root E d TON P lost found 9 8 2014 11 46 15 AM FAX root m adis di media 1 3 2015 4 58 40 PM PAXT XT X root Lm Ji mnt 1 3 2015 9 11 08 PM F WXT XT X root S k TER 9 opt 9 8 2014 1 51 53 PM PAXT XT X root cx n i proc 12 31 1969 3 00 00 PM r xr xr x root 2 ous lost found 4 root 1 4 2015 7 34 17 AM rivwx root g pi media run 1 5 2015 10 33 44 PM FWXT XT X root P mnt d sbin 1 3 2015 10 11 22 AM FWXI XF X root 2 opt di selinux 6 20 2012 1 23 28 AM l WXT XT X root oo proc di arv 11 21 2014 10 28 51 AM rwxr xr x root i root di Sys 12 31 1969 3 00 03 PM F XT XF X root 2 iin dii run di tmp 1 6 2015 10 35 01 AM rwxrwxrwt root m sbin Ji usr 9 8 2014 11 55 21 AM FWXT XT X root us di selinux L d var 9 9 2014 12 0
15. 7 26 AM PWXT XT X root i r OBofOBinOof 20 A ses E soe See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 16 aa CallistoArc Wired 10 0 0 11 Callisto Pi Test Set B WinSCP mi xi File Commands Mark Session View Help Address media CallistoArc i boats Ch Find Files Egg Download Cae Edt FS 9 Lh Properties i5 ei le Bl ge ds ape es T 2 E Queue Es Transfer Settings Default Sm Wired 10 0 0 11 Callisto Pi Test Set B 74 New Session Lua Desktop E Em TTUTTEHELU UTE Owner i legs PG ALASKA 20150124 23450 1 24 2015 3 08 56 PM PAXPAXPWX root python games WE ALASKA 20150125 00000 277 1 24 2015 3 23 31 PM rwxrwxrwx root Sal dJ sunpy GEE ALASKA 20150125 00150 293 1 24 2015 3 38 34 PM PWT WRT WK root E ki upload GEE ALASKA_20150125_00300 305 1 24 2015 3 53 36 PM DAXPWNXPNX root ee callisto Gig ALASKA 20150125 00450 303 1 24 2015 4 08 42 PM PAXPWXPWX root i p images BTE r EE E 231 1 23 2015 4 23 27 PM FAT WXTWX root Ji tib i rd lost found 2 iba media ig CallistnArc e jJ myBook Ma usb ud j usb m di usb7 c mnt opt 2 gt 281 KiB of 1 739 KiB in 1of 6 amp SFTP 3 2 1 40 16 7 Simply drag a FITS file from a Windows folder to home pi upload callisto It will be processed in about 4 minutes after which you should see a new picture png image file in home pi upload callisto images directory and a ne
16. 8 Ordering Callisto Pi A Calllisto Pi Package may be ordered by sending an email inquiry to the address Orderlnfo reeve com right be sure to put something meaningful in the email Subject line or else the email will be automatically deleted by the server The Callisto Pi Package includes the RPi model B in an aluminum enclosure preprogrammed 8 GB memory card and 10 W power supply with interchangeable worldwide ac input plugs The preprogrammed memory card also is available without the RPi hardware The memory card is supplied as a micro SD memory card in a full size SD card carrier so it will work in either the model B or B Prices Callisto Pi Package 143 USD plus postage Callisto Pi memory card 20 USD plus postage See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 18 Reeve CPi 9 References and Web Links Reeve W Callisto Pi Callisto Spectrograms from Raspberry Pi http www reeve com Documents Articles 20Papers Reeve Callisto Pi pdf CallistoSoft Reeve W Callisto Software Setup Guide FTPWD nano NetScan PERLFTP PuTTY RPiDoc RPiHub RPiNet http www reeve com Documents CALLISTO CALLISTOSoftwareSetup pdf http www reeve com Documents CALLISTO FTP WatchDog v3Setup pdf http www nano editor or https www softperfect com products networkscanner http www reeve com Documents CALLISTO PERL FTP Instructions pdf http www putty or http www r
17. Callistao Pi pi Callisto Pi pif Callisto Pi pigCallisto FEi pigCallisto FEi pi Callisto Pi pi8 amp Callistao Pi pi8 amp Callistao Pi pifCallisto Pi pig amp Callistao Pi pi Callisto Pi pig amp Callisto Ei pi Callisto Pi pig amp Callistao Pi auto lo 4r d d d r 46 der dk od dkr de d r dk dm d cat etc network interfaces iface lo inet loopbeck iface eth inet dhcp allow hotplug wland iface wlan inet manual wpa raam etc wpa supplicant wpa supplicant cont iface default inet dhep pig amp Callisto Pi Note the line that indicates the interface named ethO uses DHCP iface ethO inet dhcp Enter the following at the prompt ifcontfig See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 20 z pi Callisto Pr iface eth inet dhcp E allow hotplug wlanO iface wlan inet manual wpa raam etc wpa supplicant wpa suppnlicant conf iface default inet dhcp pigCallisto Pi ifconfig etha Link encap Ethernet HWaddr b8 27 eb 13 420 768 inet addr 10 0 0 11 Beast 10 0 0 255 HM ask 255 255 255 0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU 1500 HMetric 1 RX packetrs 199383 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 IX peckets 193416 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 rtxqueuelen 1000 REX bytes 34234687 32 6 MiB TX bytes 43215623 41 2 MiB lo Link encap Local Loopback inet addr 127 0 0 1 Mask 255 0 0 0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU 65536 HMetric
18. Callisto 7U AJ Installation and Operation Guide See last page for copyright and document information Callisto Pi Installation and Operation Guide Table of Contents INL FOGUCTIONN Eee orc DN 1 Section 1 Install the RPI Hardware oce eoe e eite re eese DU pa oo eeu oe up y Use Se geo ee xa ses eee os EE cx oer nea eUE UE 3 Section 2 Prepare a Windows PC for Communications with Callisto Pi 5 Section 3 System Housekeeping c osea eno en ex evel vi aee easier CO ea v ERN va D EHE VM dou LEE 7 cr T rreng Esdr 9 Section 5 Setup the Callisto PC to Send FITS Files to Callisto Pi 11 Section 6 Setup a Webserver to Receive Images from Callisto Pi 12 Section 7 Install a USB Flash or Hard Drive 1 e eese ee eee eene eene eene een nennen ennt 13 Section 8 Ordering Callisto P 3 5 38 Eo R YE Eua ETE Ee E EIE TREE Pi E ERU VE Te EC EMI VES EAE SUE 18 Section 9 References and Web Links ee eee eee e eese ee eee eee eene nenne nennen tnnt n nena 19 Appendix A Change Callisto Pi from DHCP to Static IP Address 20 Appendix B Install Wireless LAN WLAN ccccscsscsccssssccccsscsccccsscsceccsscsceccssesceccssesceccsses 25 Appendix C Backup and Restore Procedures sccscscsssscscsccccccscsccccccscsceccccscsceccccs
19. Frequency 2 412 GHz Channel 1 Encryption key on Bit Rates 54 Mb s Extra wpa ie dd180050rT20101000050f20201000050f20201000050f2020000 IE WPA Version 1 Group Cipher TEIE Pairwise Ciphers 1 TRIP Authentication Suites 1 PSE Duality 0 100 Signal level 60 100 right and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 31 Appendix C Backup and Restore Procedures Callisto Pi should be backed up before any changes are made There are many ways to backup and restore the Callisto Pi software image however the method described here is simple and has the least risk of corrupting the image beyond repair Note Not all secure digital memory cards of a given size say 8 GB actually have the same storage space even if the cards are made by the same manufacturer A backup from one card and restore to another card may not be possible if the restore card is slightly smaller than the backup card On the other hand memory cards of exactly the same model from a given manufacturer will have the same space Callisto Pi uses a partition that is approximately 3 5 GB and is supplied on a 4 or 8 GB card While it is possible to prepare a backup of the supplied 8 GB card and then restore to a 4 GB card the procedures for doing so are not provided here It is recommended that the backup be restored to an 8 GB or larger memory card First install Win32 Disk Imager WDImg on a Windows PC Next connect a card reader writer to the PC that i
20. aspberrypi org documentation http elinux org RPi Hub http www cpdforteachers com resources finding the ip address of your raspberry pi SDFormatter https www sdcard org downloads formatter 4 TeraTerm WDImg WinSCP http ttssh2 sourceforge jp index html en http sourceforge net projects win32diskimager http winscp net eng index ph See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 19 Appendix A Change Callisto Pi from DHCP to Static IP Address To log into the RPi console you need its IP address By default RPI obtains the address automatically from the LAN router using DHCP However the address can change whenever the RPi is removed from the network or turned off It may be preferable to operate the RPi with a static IP address an address that never changes For one thing it simplifies connection to the RPi console from an SSH terminal because the address is always known The following steps assume the RPi is connected to the LAN through a wired Ethernet interface As you go through the following steps take screenshots before and after making changes this will help in case you need to reverse your changes A 1 Check the existing setup Log into the RPi using PuTTY and enter the following at the Callisto Pi prompt The default user and password is pi and Callisto X without quotes cat etc network interfaces z pi amp Callisto Pi N ajoj xl pig amp
21. ation that exists for the Callisto Pi application is this guide and Reeve CPi Online documentation for the Raspberry Pi including its operating systems is available at RPiDoc and RPiHub There also are numerous online forums that have information related to RPi Hardware The configuration described here has been tested with the Raspberry Pi model B and Raspberry Pi 2 both referred to here as RPi The RPi is used in its stock hardware configuration with no modifications The RPi board is installed in an aluminum enclosure and is held in the enclosure by its connectors The board may move slightly or rattle if shaken The hardware is not designed for mobile applications or environments where it is subjected to even the slightest physical abuse The enclosure is not weather resistant and the operating See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 1 temperature range of the onboard components is limited to 0 to 70 C A fan cooled enclosure is available for use where higher temperatures may be encountered Software The RPi uses a memory card that includes the operating system application software and libraries The operating system is based on a Raspbian distribution The Callisto Pi software image is pre installed on a micro SD memory card When the RPi is powered ON the software will load and run automatically Installation Overview All setup is performed from a PC running a Secure Sh
22. ch it will not wakeup without reboot create a new file sudo nano etc modprobe d 8192cu cont Add the following two lines Disable power management options 8192cu rtw_power_mgnt 0 rtw_enusbss 0 When finished editing CTRL X Exit Y yes Enter to save and close nano After saving the file sudo reboot 4 To read the manual for a command or package man package name 5 To search for a package apt cache search package name 6 To change hostname edit name associated with address 127 0 0 1 in sudo nano Jete hosts Next replace name in sudo nano etc hostname See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 36 Document information Author Whitham D Reeve Copyright 2015 W Reeve Revision 0 0 Original draft started 04 Jan 2015 0 1 Substantial updates and changes 06 Jan 2015 0 2 Numerous changes and added backup restore 08 Jan 2015 0 3 1 draft completed 10 Jan 2015 0 4 Revised backup procedures 12 Jan 2015 0 5 Edits to clarify bootup and package details added Operation details 20 Jan 2015 0 6 Added frequency scale 22 Jan 2015 0 7 Revised fstab and launcher sh procedures 25 Jan 2015 1 0 Final revisions and distribution 26 Jan 2015 1 1 Added to hardware description and Appendix D 02 Feb 2015 1 2 Added binary mode FTP added Notes 06 Feb 2015 1 3 Added RP1 2 22 Jul 2015 See last page for copyright and document information File R
23. csceseccess 32 Appendix D Raspbian Configuration ecce esee eee eene nennen nenne serere sese sete se serenus 35 DOCUMENE INFORMATION ocio eee paar Eee de o E AR 36 See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page O Callisto IT Installation and Operation Guide Abbreviations CPi Callisto Pi Whitham D Reeve FTP File Transfer Protocol IP Internet Protocol LAN Local Area Network Introduction NAS Network Attached Storage RPi Raspberry Pi SSH Secure SHell Description Callisto Pi is an application of the Raspberry Pi computer platform URL Uniform Resource Locator that produces spectrogram images in near real time from Callisto FITS files and WLAN Wireless LAN sends these images to a web server and archive storage This guide provides Callisto Pi installation and operation instructions and is intended to be read and followed in order Do not skip any steps In this guide RPi generally refers to the hardware and Callisto Pi refers to the system including the hardware and software The Callisto Pi Package consists of an RPi model B or model 2 in an aluminum enclosure 8 or 16 GB preprogrammed memory card and 5 Vdc 10 W ac power adapter with interchangeable worldwide ac input plugs See Section 8 for ordering information Note Callisto Pi is not plug and play Callisto Pi will not work until it is setup for the user s specific environment Do not be impatient and do
24. date sudo apt get upgrade sudo apt get dist upgrade sudo apt get install raspberrypi ur mods sudo reboot Date time and time zone By default the Raspbian distribution uses Network Time Protocol NTP to automatically set the RPi time and date when it is connected to the internet The RPi platform does not have a real time clock or battery backup so it must be running and connected to the internet to correctly set time and date See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 7 Callisto Pi does not specifically use the time and date except to stamp its logs and file activities The archived spectrogram images use the date time stamps of the original FITS files Callisto Pi is setup for Coordinated Universal Time UTC To confirm the date time and time zone UTC enter the following at the RPi prompt on the SSH terminal date It is recommended that the Callisto Pi time zone not be changed However it may be changed by entering the following The displayed instructions will lead you through the reconfiguration sudo dpkg reconfigure tzdata Backup You should backup your memory card before and after any changes You will need this backup if you corrupt the program so badly that it will not boot There are several ways to run a backup If you are a Windows user you can use Win32 Disk Imager WDImg to Read the image and copy it to your Windows PC Windows cannot properly read the image on
25. e Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 12 7 Install a USB Flash or Hard Drive on the RPi Callisto Pi can send spectrogram images to a USB flash or hard drive USB storage device instead of or in addition to a NAS Callisto Pi includes the NTFS 3G for USB hard drives and FAT for USB flash drives Callisto Pi has a directory called media CallistoArc that is used to represent the USB drive For simplicity it is recommended you use this directory If not logged into Callisto Pi do so now A In this step you will find your drive on the system Start with the USB drive disconnected from the Callisto Pi USB port There should be no devices connected to any USB port Type the command ls dev Now connect the USB drive and type the command again ls dev Compare the devices from the first and second list There should be a new device called sdX and sdX1 where X can be a b c The device most likely will be sda and sda1 Write down the device In the PuTTY console screenshot below a USB drive designated sda and sda1 may be seen near the middle z pi Callisto Pr pi amp Callisto Pi B Already installed on Callisto Pi is a program called USBMount that automatically mounts the USB drive when it is plugged in but some additional changes are needed You will need to know the files system used on the USB drive Generally if the USB drive is a flash or thumb drive it will use FAT file system If the drive is a hard drive s
26. e period Security Callisto Pi is designed to be installed in a secured local area network environment and to be inaccessible from outside that network Callisto FITS files are sent as an anonymous FTP user from the Callisto instrument PC to Callisto Pi and the design assumes both are on the same secured LAN Spectrogram images are sent to a secure web server requiring a username and password It is recommended for security reasons that Callisto Pi not be exposed to outside the LAN and that you change its user password Radio frequency interference Preliminary measurements indicate the RPi produces some narrow spectral emissions with a few spectral spikes between 875 and 958 MHz Minor emissions also were observed in the Callisto frequency range 45 to 870 MHz Measurements were made with a spectrum analyzer low noise amplifier and 50 mm magnetic loop probe and electric field probe The UHF emissions were apparent even with the loop probe 30 cm from the RPi enclosure If radio frequency interference from Callisto Pi is suspected it could be that the connecting cables are radiating conducted noise currents In this case installing ferrite beads on all connecting cables may effectively reduce the RFI See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 2 Section 1 Setup the RPi Hardware Refer to the layouts below showing the RPi model B without the enclosure The images are for reference do not remo
27. eeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 37
28. ell SSH terminal program A display keyboard and mouse are not required on the RPi for installation and are not recommended This guide assumes the user has a Windows PC and uses PuTTY as the SSH terminal Installation will require about 30 minutes most of which is reading and understanding this guide The basic steps are Section 1 Setup the RPi hardware including memory card LAN connection and power supply Section2 Prepare a Windows PC for console communications with the RPi Section3 Perform system housekeeping Section 4 Edit launcher sh for the user s specific Callisto Pi environment Launcher sh is a function in the Callisto Pi software that controls the RPi actions Section5 Setup the CALLISTO instrument PC to send FITS files to Callisto Pi Section 6 Setup a webserver to receive images from Callisto Pi for viewing in a browser Section7 Install a USB flash or hard drive for archive storage of Callisto Pi spectrogram images Archive Storage Requirements As Callisto Pi produces spectrogram images it will copy them to a NAS or USB drive or both A new file typically is produced every 15 minutes during daylight hours and on average roughly 1500 files will be produced every month Each spectrogram image file is approximately 300 kB so monthly storage is about 450 MB and yearly storage is about 5 4 GB Therefore an 8 GB USB drive can easily hold images spanning 1 year Most NAS are 500 GB or higher and therefore can archive a much longer tim
29. exti To Spell The cursor is at the upper left Use the keyboard arrow keys to move the cursor to the location you wish to edit Move the cursor down to the shaded text shown below and edit it to include your website FTP server and network attached storage server IP addresses and login details ftp n i Website FTP Server lt lt EOCS user username password binary cd FTP Server Callisto See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 9 Change only the text in quotation marks and delete the quotation marks as you edit each field For example say the following information applies to your installation iX Website server is located at URL www xyz com ix The website FTP username and password are my name and my password ix The directory on the website server is server Callisto For this example the edits would look like this ftp n i www xyz com lt lt EOCS user my name my password binary cd server Callisto A similar process is required to send the image to a local NAS for archiving Edit the shaded text shown below according to your website FTP server and network attached storage server IP addresses and login details ftp n i NAS FTP Server lt lt EOCS user username password binary cd NAS directory For example say the required information is iX The NAS is located at local IP address 10 0 0 72 ix The NAS FTP username and pas
30. gle may be added as described later Connect the RPi to your LAN using a high quality Cat5 cable The RPi supports 10 100BaseT and automatically negotiates 10 or 100 Mb s speeds with the LAN interface By default Callisto Pi uses DHCP to obtain an IP address from your LAN router See Appendix A to setup a static IP address but first finish setting up Callisto Pi as described in the following sections Power Supply Before connecting a 5 V power supply read this first DO NOT attempt to power Callisto Pi using a USB port on a desktop or laptop PC or handheld device See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 3 Power measurements of Callisto Pi on the RPi model B including the switch mode ac power adapter showed a 4 W load Similar measurements with the same ac adapter on the model B showed a xx W load Nothing was connected to the USB ports on either system during these measurements The dc power load is close to the ac load because the adapter used in the measurements is very efficient The Callisto Pi dc load is more than can be reliably supplied by a standard USB port on a PC Therefore it is necessary to use an external power supply or power adapter with RPi If you purchased the Callisto Pi Package it includes a suitable power supply and you can skip the next paragraph If you purchased only the Callisto Pi memory card and are supplying your own RPi hardware and power supply please read the f
31. he Activity LED will occasionally blink The LEDs on the Ethernet network connector function as follows iX Left LED yellow On for 100 Mbps connection Off for 10 Mbps connection ix Right LED green On if link established flashes for port activity if link established Off if no link is established WLAN See Appendix B to install a Wi Fi dongle but first finish setting up Callisto Pi using the wired network connection as described in the following sections Backup and restore The memory card used in Callisto Pi should be backed up before any changes are made See Appendix C for backup and restore procedures See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 4 Section 2 Prepare a Windows PC for Communications with Callisto Pi To make changes to the Callisto Pi software image for your specific environment it is necessary to log into the RPi console This is done from a Windows PC that is on the same network as the RPi The RPi uses secure shell SSH for console communications so it is necessary to install an SSH client application such as PuTTY or TeraTerm on your PC Do this now All instructions in this guide are based on PuTTY The Raspbian distribution uses DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol to automatically obtain an IP address To use an SSH terminal first determine the IP address assigned to the RPi by your internet router Procedures vary widely and it is best to
32. juage an hs nal sett I2 Change Timezone Set up timezone to match your ioc I3 Change Keyboard Layout Set the keyboard layout to match lt Select gt lt Back gt pi amp Callisto Pr Package configuration Configuring locales Locales are a framework to switch between multiple languages and allow users to use their language country characters collation order etc Please choose which locales to generate UTF 8 locales should be chosen by default particularly for new installations Other character sets may be useful for backwards compatibility with older systems and software Locales to be generated See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 35 Notes 1 Install USBMount to automatically mount a USB flash drive USBMount replaces the current RPi configuration and automatically mounts USB drives on media with a unique name and limited permissions The USB flash drive will be mounted as usbO usb1 and so on sudo apt get install usbmount Enter Y Enter After installation sudo reboot 2 The default permissions on a FAT formatted USB flash drive are different than an NTFS drive To set USB flash drive owner group user permissions to rwxrwxrwx edit the file system table eudo rano Jetoc tfstab Add or edit the line dev sdal media CallistoArc vfat defaults umask 000 0 0 3 To prevent a WLAN dongle from going to sleep due to power management from whi
33. k 255 255 255 0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU 1500 HMetric 1 RX packetrs 2650 errors 0 dropped 3 overruns 0 frame 0 IX packets 1176 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txuqueuelen 1000 RX bytes 370496 361 8 KiB TX bytes 698940 682 5 HiB lo Link encap Local Loopbeck inet addr 127 0 0 1 Mask 255 0 0 0 UP LOOPBACE RUNNING MTU 65536 HMetric 1 EX packetz 26 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 IX packets Z6 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 rxqueuelen 0 RX bytes 2704 2 6 KiB TX bytes 2704 2 6 KiB wlan Link encap Ethernet HWaddr 00 e3 a7 23 Bba 938 inet addr 10 0 0 37 Bcasr 10 0 0 255 HM sk 255 255 255 0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU 1500 HMetric 1 RX packetrs 2386 errors 0 dropped 53 overruns 0 frame IX packets zZ1 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 rtxqueuelen 1000 RX bytes 804178 785 3 KiB TX bytes 2977 2 9 KiB pigCallisto Ei You also can obtain information about your network At the prompt type netstat nr J pi Callisto Pr piSCallisto Pi pifCallisto Pi ipi Callisto Pi iwconfig wlan IEEE B02 11bq ESSID ReeveGCI Nickname lt WIFIG REALTER gt Mode Managed Frequency 2 437 GHz Access Point 00 530 40C 81 00 01 Bit Rate 54 Mb s Sensitivity 0 0 Retry off RTS thr off Fragment thr off Power Management off Link Quality 100 100 Signal level 100 100 Noise level 0 100 Rx invalid nwid O0 Rx invalid cryp
34. lanO iface wlanO inet dhcp wpa conf etc wpa supplicant wpa supplicant conf iface default inet dhcp Press CTRL X Exit to exit the nano editor It is necessary to edit the configuration file At the Callisto Pi prompt enter the following command sudo nano etc wpa supplicant wpa supplicant conf See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 26 A pi Callisto Pr GNU nano 2 2 6 ile etc wpa supplicant wpa supplicant contf ctrl interface DIR var run wpa supplicant GROUP netdev update config 1 t To usa a wireless network uncomment the three lines below t Replace the fields in parentheses network f ssid WLAN 1 i psk My WLAN 1 Key t To use a Wireless network uncomment the five lines below for proto key mgmt Protocol type can be RSN for WP2 and WPA for WPA1 Key management can be WPA PSE or WPA EAP Pre Shared or Enterprise f Pairwise can be CCMP or TEIP for WPA2 or WEPA1 Authorization should be OPEN for both WPA1 WPA2 less common are SHARED and L f Be sure to uncomment the closing brace t proto WPA key mgmt WPA PSEK t pairwise TEIP auth alg OPEN tl me Get Help ME WriteOut Head File fy Prey Pace ed Exit Aw Justify Where Is at Next Page Note the following two lines Do not change them ctrl_interface DIR var run wpa_supplicant GROUP netdev update_config 1 The configuration file supplied with the Callisto Pi software
35. lar to above but it will have your parameter values Now press CTRL X Exit Y Yes and then ENTER to save the changes Reboot the RPi so the changes can take effect sudo reboot A 3 Check Static IP Configuration After the RPi reboots restart the PuTTY session right click the title bar at top of PuTTY window and select Restart Session log into Callisto Pi and enter Ltconftig f pi Callisto Pi j aloj xj Debian GNU Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY to the extent Permitted by applicable law You have new mail Last login Sun Jan 4 21 45 58 2015 from 10 0 0 8 pi Callisto Pi sudo nano etc network interfaces pi Callisto Pi ifconfig etho Link encap Ethernet HWaddr bb 27 eb 13 40 76 inet addr 10 0 0 11 Beast 10 0 0 255 HM sk 255 255 255 0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU 1500 HMetric 1 RX packetrs 142 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TR packets 81 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 1000 RX byrtes 12382 12 0 KiB TX bytes 132843 12 9 KiB lo Link encap Local Loopbeck inet addr 127 0 0 1 Mask 255 0 0 0 UP LOOPBACE RUNNING MTU 65536 HMetric 1 RX packetrs 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 IX peckets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 0 RA bytes 0 0 0 B TA bytes 0 0 0 B pi Callisto Pi See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 23 Double check your work by pinging the
36. listo Pi and at the prompt enter the following command passwd Callisto Pi responds with Changing password for pi current UNIX password Enter the current default password See previous section No characters will be displayed while entering the password Enter the new password and confirm it when Callisto Pi responds with Enter new UNIX password Retype new UNIX password After Callisto Pi accepts the new password you will see the following The new password will take effect immediately passwd password updated successfully Updates The RPi firmware and Raspbian distribution should be regularly updated The RPi model B shipped with the Callisto Pi Package will have the latest updates as of the shipment date If you plan to use your own RPi model B or B you should update it before installing the Callisto Pi memory card Log into the RPi and enter the following commands from the SSH terminal These commands apply to an RPi model B see next paragraph for upgrading an existing Callisto Pi from model B to model 2 The update upgrade can require several minutes if a new distribution has become available after the last update sudo rpi update sudo apt get update sudo apt get upgrade sudo reboot If upgrading an existing Callisto Pi from an RPi model B to model 2 enter the following commands while the memory card is installed in the model B After completing these commands install the card in the model 2 sudo apt get up
37. ncluded with the Debian GNU Linux system are fre the exact distribution terms for each program are described in individual files in usr share doc copyright Debian GNU Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY Permitted by applicable law You have new mail Last login Thu Jan 8 pi amp Callisto Pi i to the ext 06 05 46 2015 from 10 0 0 8 PuTTY Security Alt The server s host key is not cached in the registry You have no guarantee that the server is the computer you think itis The server s rsa key fingerprint is eshsa 2048 99 43 a2 01 37 ba cZ 2b 24 be c3 fc fica 62 56 If you trust this host hit Yes to add the key to PuTTY s cache and carry an connecting If you want to carry on connecting just once without adding the key to the cache hit Mo If you do not trust this host hit Cancel to abandon the connection Upper left Screenshot of PuTTY configuration window with the IP address for a test setup Your installation will have use a different address Upper right Upon first connection PuTTY asks for authentication click Yes Lower left When PuTTY is connected the window changes to a simple command line interface After login you can make changes to the RPi as described in this guide Images O 2014 W Reeve See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 5 Click Open After authentication you will see the RPi login prompt in the command line interface
38. not expect it to work without following this guide Note Internet links in braces Operation For a general description of Callisto Pi see Reeve CPi The and references in brackets are operational sequence is as follows provided in section 9 CALLISTO instrument PC sends FITS file to Callisto Pi using File Transfer Protocol FTP Callisto Pi produces a spectrograms as a Portable Network Graphics PNG file from the FITS file Callisto Pi optimizes the PNG file Callisto Pi sends the spectrogram PNG file using FTP to a web server for viewing Callisto Pi renames the PNG file with the original FITS file time date stamp Callisto Pi archives the stamped PNG file to a USB flash or hard drive or Network Attached Storage NAS Callisto Pi deletes the PNG file and waits for arrival of new FITS file moO X ZE oO Oo on The production time for a spectrogram image is about 1 minute after Callisto Pi receives a new FITS file Optimization requires another 4 minutes Therefore Callisto Pi requires approximately 5 minutes from the time it receives a new FITS file to the time it sends the PNG file to a web server Archiving usually requires less than 1 minute The RPi model 2 has higher performance than the model B or B and reduces the total processing time by a couple minutes The frequency axis of the Callisto Pi spectrogram is automatically scaled between 10 and 870 MHz according to the frequency range in the FITS file Documentation The only document
39. ollowing If no USB peripherals are used with the RPi it can be powered by a well regulated low ripple electrically quiet power source rated gt 1 0 A at 5 0 Vdc gt 5 W If the RPi USB ports supply power to peripherals such as a Wi Fi dongle a 10 W or higher power source should be equipped Using a poor quality power supply will lead to unreliable operation so be sure it meets these requirements One of the most common problems users have with the RPi is inadequate power supply current To minimize electrical noise it is recommended that ferrite beads be installed on the power cable image below AC wall power adapter with North American ac input plug One or more clamshell ferrite beads on the dc power lead may help reduce radio frequency interference from the switch mode power supply This image shows one bead on the right with three windings of the power lead The Raspberry Pi uses a micro USB connector for power Image O 2014 W Reeve Power connection Connect the 5 V power supply to the micro USB connector on the RPi Watch the LEDs which are visible through the ventilating holes in the enclosure The red Power LED will immediately turn on and stay on the green Activity LED will flash as Callisto Pi boots up If the red LED does not illuminate there is a problem with the power supply If the green Activity LED turns on and stays on the memory card may be corrupted When boot up is complete the red Power LED will be steady and t
40. read your router user manual or search for online help The RPi host name is Callisto Pi without quotes and will be identified as such in your router s local network status screen An alternate and perhaps quicker method is to download and install on a Windows PC a network scan program as described at RPiNet Open PuTTY and enter the RPi IP address into the Host Name or IP address field Don not change the port 22 or Connection type SSH Enter a name for the session example Callisto Pi in the Saved Sessions field You also can customize the user interface by clicking on the various entries in the Category window but you can do this later Click the Save button to save the session settings i PuTTY Configuration E x Basic options for your PuT TY session Category El Session E d AM Specify the destination you want to connect to ET Termina 1 TEAPA Host Name or IP address Port Bell 10 0021 22 Features Connection type EI Window C Raw Telnet f Rlogin SSH Serial i Appearance i ehn Load save or delete a stored session Translation Saved Sessions Selection ROC Colours Default Settings ad El Connection d Data HIS Close window on exit C Aways Mever Onyon clean exit zP pi amp Callisto Pi login as pi pi 10 0 0 37 s password Linux Callisto Pi 3 12 3544 730 PREEMPT Fri Dec 19 18 31 24 GM Ihe programs i
41. receives FITS files User login anonymous the Callisto Pi FTP username Password anything the Callisto Pi FTP password Time interval Varies but 3 to 10 minutes is suggested for FITS data covering 15 minute interval File type fit An example setup for FTP WatchDog is shown below FTP Watchdog Callisto Pi FIT Jo 3 amp 2939 Lokales Verzeichnis C CalisteData Ey Hur 1 Ebene E FTP Verzeichnis callisto Testdateitypen A Binardateitepen ie 0 00000 Zu ignonerende Muster FP Watchdog akti Iv Dateinamen wandeln Wein Beibehalten Fehler ignorieren Ie I Iplaad Intereall Hogs erie Sounds abspielen 7 Ir Loschen von Dateien auf FTP Server bestatigen E Autostart aktiv I Upload von ftp 10 0 0 11 callisto ALASKA 20150105_021500_59 fit OK 02 32 37 See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 11 6 Setup a Webserver to Receive Images from Callisto Pi You will need to setup a directory or folder on your web server to hold the spectrogram picture png image file sent by Callisto Pi Each new picture png file overwrites the previous one at typically 15 minute intervals so the webpage will need to be setup to render the image and update it at regular intervals The actual setups will vary considerably and are beyond the scope of these instructions See last page for copyright and document information File Reev
42. require several minutes much longer than Read Upon completion a Write Successful window will pop up The memory card then may be ejected from the Reader Writer and installed in the RPi Remember do not insert or remove the memory card with power on the RPi See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 34 Appendix D Raspbian Configuration The Raspbian distribution used on Callisto Pi is preconfigured for United States English language locale and the associated United States keyboard layout If this guide is followed step by step there is no need to change the settings when Callisto Pi is used in any other country Locale and keyboard settings were made by sudo raspi contfig sudo nano etc default keyboard xkblayout us pi amp Callisto Pr P Raspberry Pi Software Configuration Tool raspi config Setup Options Zpand Files te of Change User Password Change password for the default u Enable Boot to Desktop Scratch Choose whether to boot into a des Internationalisation Options Set up language and regional sett Enable Camera Enable this Pi to work with the R Add to Rastrack Add this Pi to the online Raspber Overclock Configure overclocking for your P Advanced Options Configure advanced settings About raspi config Information about this configurat oot Oy X 5 NE Select Finish if pi amp Callisto Pr zE Internationalisation Options i Change Locale Set ug J
43. s on the drive if any You can view the Callisto Pi directories with WinSCP WinSCP which is described later in this section E Edit the Callisto Pi launcher again This time you will adjust the settings to copy the spectrogram image to the USB drive At the prompt enter sudo nano launcher sh When the editor opens scroll down to the line preceded by the comment character shown here cp fit_basename png media CallistoArc Delete the leading character but retain the spaces Do not make any other changes The line should look like this after editing cp Sfit_basename png media CallistoArc Press CTRL X Exit Y Yes and ENTER to save your changes and close the editor This completes the changes to the file system table fstab and launcher sh Now it is time to check your work Check file transfers to the USB drive After Callisto Pi produces the spectrogram images it copies them to the NAS or USB drive or both depending on your setup To see if the image files have been copied to the USB drive first change to the media directory by entering at the prompt cd media CallistoArc dir You should see files with names of the form ALASKA 20150124 234500 59 png where the various fields indicate the CALLISTO Instrument date time and focus code Your files will have different values The main thing is that png files appear in the media CallistoArc directory The conversion and optimization processes require about 4 min
44. s suitable for the type of card in your Callisto Pi Note Some micro SD cards and card reader writers are incompatible so it is best to install the micro SD card in the full size SD card carrier or adapter and insert the carrier into the reader Backup Shutdown Callisto Pl sudo halt After the RPi has completely shutdown remove power from it Remove the memory card and install it in the card reader writer Open Win32 Disk Imager run it as Administrator T Fie ta Dee T E EW m Copy l MoSHash Progress Cancel Version 0 3 5 The drive letter for the memory card is shown in the Device field in upper right If you have more than one device plugged into the PC select the letter corresponding to your memory card drive letter E in example above Click the folder icon to right of the Image File input field Windows Explorer will open below Navigate to the location where the Callisto Pi image is to be saved and enter Callisto Pi img in the File name field of the Explorer window In the example below the image file is to be saved to the Desktop Click Open See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 32 Select a disk image Organize New folder E cm A Computer al X Favorites l System Folder EE Desktop Downloads Bios S Recent Places System Folder coy Libraries 2014 06 20 wheezy raspbian Seo Disc Image File
45. sword are NAS user and NAS password ix The NAS directory is CallistoArc For this example the edits would look like this ftp n i 10 0 0 72 lt lt EOCS user NAS user NAS password binary cd CallistoArc Since your website and NAS directory structures are different you will need to determine specific addresses paths and login details beforehand and some experimentation may be needed This is where a backup will save you a lot of trouble if something goes wrong When finished with the above edits press CTRL X Exit Y Yes and ENTER to save your changes and close the editor See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 10 5 Setup the CALLISTO Instrument PC to Send FITS Files to Callisto Pi The FTP client on the Windows PC that is connected to the CALLISTO instrument must be configured to send each new FITS file to the FTP server running on Callisto Pi The setup is similar to sending the FITS files to FHNW except the logins and destinations are different Refer to the Callisto Software Setup Guide CallistoSoft for setting up PERL FTP or FTP WatchDog Individual documents can be found here at PERLFTP and FTPWD You need to determine the following information to setup PERL FTP or FTP WatchDog for sending FITS files to Callisto Pi Source Callisto data directory on the Windows PC for example C Callisto Data Destination callisto the Callisto Pi directory that
46. t 0 Rx invalid frag 0 Tx excessive retries 0 Invalid mizec 0 Missed beacon lao no wireless extensions eth no wireless extensions pigSCallisto Ei netstat nr Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags M55 Window irtt Iface 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 UG o n0 0 etho 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 090 U 0 0 0 echo 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 255 2550 U 0 0 wlan You have new mail in var mail pi pi Callisto Pi At the bottom of the window is a routing table In this example the wired Ethernet cable was left connected so it shows both the wired Ethernet ethO and wireless LAN connection wlanO The following commands also can be used to check the quality of the wireless connection sudo iwlist wlanO scan See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 30 if pi Callisto Pi pi Callisto Pi s wlang Scan compl Cetli Hr Cell 02 pig amp Callisto Pi See last page for copy udo iwlist wlang scan eted Address 00 90 40C 91 00 01 ESSID ReeveGCI Protocol IEEE 802 11bq Mode Master Frequency 2 437 GHz Channel 6 Encryption key on Bit Rates 54 Mb s Extra wpa ie dd180050f20101000050f20201000050f2020100005012020000 IE WPA Version 1 Group Cipher TKIP Pairwise Ciphers 1 TKIP Authentication Suites 1 PSE Cuality 100 100 Signal level 100 100 Address 00 16 B6 4F 39 61 ESSID GCI Z Protocol IEEE 802 11bq Mode Master
47. t in program corruption B 1 WLAN Dongle WLAN dongles are inexpensive and easy to obtain for example the Edimax EW 7811Un Nano 150Mbps 802 11n Wi Fi USB Adapter costs 7 USD These devices have a very small antenna so their range is limited but 2 3 m between the dongle and a wireless router or wireless access point should be achievable in most situations Caution Some WLAN dongles use power management by default and they will go into sleep mode after a period of inactivity Sleep mode is manifested as a dead Wi Fi connection from which the device will not recover without rebooting the RPi This is a well known problem when these devices are used in the RPi and the solution depends on the chipset used in the dongle itself The Callisto Pi software image includes a configuration file that solves this problem for the RealTek 8192cu RTL8188CUS chipset used in many Wi Fi dongles If your Wi Fi dongle has that chipset you should not have any problems If your WLAN device does not operate reliably then you will have to revert to a wired network connection B 2 Wi Fi Setup Details Check the configuration of the Wi Fi access point to which you plan to connect You will need to determine iX SSID ix Password or key iX Encryption type and method for example WPA and TKIP shared key encryption Procedures for determining these parameters vary widely so you will need to refer to the wireless access point user guide or do online research
48. to the first line Delete the comment character at the beginning of the line Change the device so that dev sda1 is changed to the value X discovered in step A above For example if your X b as in sdb and sdb1 then the line should be changed to look like this dev sdb1 media CallistoArc ntfs 3g default 0 0 Note If your device is sda sda1 then no changes are required except to remove the comment character When finished press CTRL X Exit Y Yes and ENTER to save your changes and close the editor Go to step C 2 USB drive uses FAT Move the cursor down to the second line Delete the comment character at the beginning of the line Change the device so that dev sda1 is changed to the value X discovered in step A above For example if your X b as in sdb and sdb1 then the line should be changed to look like this dev sdb1 media CallistoArc vfat defaults umask 000 0 0 Note If your device is sda sda1 then no changes are required except to remove the comment character When finished press CTRL X Exit Y Yes and ENTER to save your changes and close the editor Go to step C See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 14 C Reboot the RPi by entering at the prompt sudo reboot D Log into Callisto Pi Be sure the USB drive is plugged in At the prompt enter cd media CallistoArc There should be no error messages and you should be able to see file
49. uch as a Western Digital myBook it probably uses NTFS Of course there are exceptions Both FAT and NTFS can be used on a Windows PC and Callisto Pi is setup to use them in the steps below Type the command sudo nano etc fstab See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 13 z pi Callisto Pr GNU nano 2 2 6 File etc fstab proc prac proc defaults 0 0 fdev mmcblk0pi boat vfat defaults g a dev mmcblkOp2 ext defaults noatime 1 f a Swaptile is not a swap partition so no using swaponloff from here on use i For USB drive with NIFS remove comment character in following line t dev sdal media CallistoArc ntfs 3g defaults 0 g t For USB drive with FAT remove comment character in following line t dev sdal media CallistoArc vfat defaults umask 000 o g me Get Help ME WriteOut Head File Mei Prey Pace WE Ei Exit aU Justify Where Is ME Next Page amp Note the two lines near the middle of the window dev sdal media CallistoArc ntfs 3g defaults 0 0 dev sdal media CallistoArc vfat defaults umask 000 0 0 Both lines are commented out ignored with the hash symbol comment character The first line applies to a USB drive that uses the NTFS file system and the second applies to a USB drive that uses the FAT file system If your USB drive uses NTFS go to step 1 below if your drive uses FAT go to step 2 1 USB drive uses NTFS Move the cursor down
50. utes after Callisto Pi receives a new FITS file from the CALLISTO instrument PC Remember that spectrogram image files are produced only after the CALLISTO instrument PC has sent a FITS file to Callisto Pi generally this is only during daylight hours Therefore if you are working on these changes outside of daylight hours you may not see FITS files in the upload callisto directory or spectrogram image files in the media CallistoArc directory Using WinSCP you can simulate live data transfers to the home pi upload callisto directory on Callisto Pi and then view the directories and spectrogram image files If not already installed install and then open WinSCP The login window will appear See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 15 ma WinSCP Login 3 New Site GA Wired 10 0 0 11 GA Wired 10 0 0 21 GA Wireless 10 0 0 37 Wireless 10 0 0 37 Callisto Pi Tes GA Wireless10 0 0 22 GA Wireless10 0 0 22 LWATV Set Advanced Enter the login details same as for PuTTY You can save the configuration with or without the password Click the Login button and a window similar to Windows Explorer will open You can navigate the directories in the normal way You may need to collapse a directory and then expand it to see sub directories and files Note the directory tree home pi upload callisto images in the screenshot below This shows the directories referred
51. ve the RPi from the enclosure Ux ee ee ee ee EH ee ee Power amp Activity LEDs USB Connectors x4 Top View RPi B PCB Ethernet Connector micro USB Power Connector B HDMI Connector Composite Video and Stereo Audio Connector Bottom View micro SD Memory RPi B PCB Card Slot in SSESSECCSSE SSeS Se Ss Ce TE 20900000 000000000000 Memory card Install the memory card The RPi model B uses a full size memory card carrier in an ordinary push to insert pull to release slot connector The model B uses a micro SD memory card in a push to insert push to release slot connector The micro SD card is small so extra instructions follow First remove the micro SD card from the carrier adapter With the RPi enclosure upside down bottom facing you with memory card slot to the left turn the memory card so its top faces you as shown right upper not to scale Insert the card into the connector slot contacts first until it is flush with the enclosure it should slide into the connector slot with very little resistance The card should latch and when you release finger pressure it should not spring out The card cannot be fully inserted if it has the wrong orientation DO NOT force it The contact side of a micro SD card is shown right lower for reference LAN Connection Initial setup requires a wired Ethernet connection to the LAN A wireless access device also called Wi Fi dongle or WLAN don
52. w date and time stamped image file in the media CallistoArc directory Use F5 function key to refresh the directories or click the refresh button directories do not automatically refresh in WinSCP If all goes well your Callisto Pi is now processing images Congratulations If all does not go well you will need to retrace your steps and do some simple troubleshooting ix Confirm FITS files are being sent successfully by the CALLISTO instrument PC Check the FTP logs ix Confirm FITS files are arriving in the proper Callisto Pi directory Check the home pi upload callisto directory iX Confirm picture png files are appearing in the proper Callisto Pi directory Check the home pi upload callisto images directory ix Confirm png files with instrument date and time in the filename are appearing in the proper Callisto Pi directory Check the media CallistoArc directory ix f Callisto Pi encounters a problem it will place a description of the problem in the pi file in the var mail directory To view the file enter at the prompt cat var mail pi Alternately you can view the pi file in WinSCP by right clicking it and selecting Open This will open the file in your default text editor iX You may view syslog and other log files in the var log directory using the same methods as in the previous item Studying the logs will help reveal a problem See last page for copyright and document information File Reeve Callisto Pi Setup doc Page 17
53. xt with the proper uppercase and lowercase capital letters and small letters Be very careful that you do not make inadvertent changes to the text in launcher sh Only change the fields or parameters described here Any mistakes will render Callisto Pi inoperative or cause it to produce unpredictable or incorrect results Also be sure that the typed characters are correct The keyboard mapping is set to United States and a non US keyboard may produce the wrong characters The changes described here use the built in nano editor nano This is a very simple editor but it does not work like Notepad or other Windows text editors It uses the keyboard arrow keys for navigation and allowable CTRL characters and their functions are shown at the bottom of nano window For the simple changes described here simply follow the instructions as given Open launcher sh in the built in nano editor sudo nano launcher lt sh z pi Callisto Pi le launcher sh exit shell script if copy is already running pids pgrep launcher sh for pid in S pids dc if Spid nre then echo 0 is already running Exiting Ext 7 a ocv ULIL cd upload callisto loop through the files in the directory shopt s nullglob cr i In T rit dc test if the file is a directory and do nothing if true ME Get Help WE WriteCut oa Read File Wi Prey Page WES Cut Text Ww Cur Pos ea Exit aU Justify Where i5 fy Next Page ME UnCut T

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