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Tubing Analysis System TAS User Manual

1. T nel Esto Modelling Engineering amp Development Company Limited Tubing Analysis System TAS Version 3 xx TAS ver3 44 UNTITLED Form1 lo x Project Tools Options Help oem T ulaj Ho All Applications E Coiled Tubing Applications Fluid Circulation Force amp Stress Analysis Gas Lift Well E General Units DataBase E Quick Computations Common Conversion Factors CT Burst Collapse e a CT Elastic Stretch in Vertical Wells CT Fatigue Cycles MEDCO CT Surface Buckling Design Coiled Tubing String Fluid Pressure Drop Fluid Rheology Gas Computations Inflow Interpretation Unload Gas Wells User Manual Courtenay House Monument Way East Woking Surrey GU21 5LY U K Tel 44 1483 750600 Fax 44 1483 762233 Email support medcotas com Home Page http www medcotas com Table of Contents Tablero Contents ii ai cado 2 ONLI DAT Wa td td eta nt A to Bon tl AE E AA 5 Installation tetas A ed de EEA A Ubi act scars Wile E 6 Installation Instr ctrOns ostia AA RA COLA HNTB ts Ce A 6 Instructions to Activate your Copy oiana siete Hon Ok A RES R 6 DataBase COMPONEN Sit dae 6 Activation Key Dori a ii 7 User Reference Manual EAEE E E EEE E EEA T 8 General Windows Controls ieina n a a E A E E E I EE 8 TEX BOK A 9 Command Buttons A E E T E N 9 Option Controls pasieran n iiin E E E E EE EE EREE EE EE R ER a 9 Check B18 AEST ST E EE ETAS ATASE EES 9 Gd 209110 0 Een ee ds Oe
2. a Header Data Client Name MEDCO Well Name Woking U K Job Description Coiled Tubing Geometry This group of data is used for defining the elements that make up the coiled tubing string to be used in the job Coiled tubing are either parallel or tapered strings A parallel coiled tubing string is made of a single element having a constant diameter and wall thickness throughout the string A tapered coiled tubing string is made of elements having different wall thicknesses or outer diameters It is not common to find tapered strings made of different outer diameters though possible More common is the use of a constant outer diameter but different wall thicknesses hence different inner diameters The program allows the use of either case of tapered strings except in the Fatigue module where a constant outer diameter is assumed IMPORTANT NOTE When entering data of a tapered coiled tubing string care must be taken in entering the elements in the right order The right order in this case is FIRST ELEMENT IN THE WELL to be entered FIRST The coiled tubing data is therefore made up of four columns and any number of rows Each row will hold data pertinent to one coiled tubing element The columns are used for the Component Name Length of element Outer diameter and Wall thickness You can use the existing coiled tubing database to select the appropriate coiled tubing The only parameter you still have to enter would be the len
3. Exit This option is used to exit TAS Last Projects Tools The last four projects will be displayed for quick access Customise Graph This is a very useful feature that allows users to create customised graphs Furthermore you can store the customised settings such that in future you can use this graph of your own design as part of the Graphs menu options These may be accessed by any of the graph buttons or menus within the following modules e Well e Force Stress e Fluid This tool can also be used to create a temporary customised graph without necessarily saving it To customise a graph means that you can select any of the computed and or any of the user defined parameters to plot Units Option Select the units you desire for the graph Number of Curves Up to eight curves can be plotted simultaneously Note that if you intend to plot more than one curve then they must all have a common x axis for example depth 19 Customised Graph Retrieve Settings Save Settings Save Settings As Units API English Metric C User Defined Number of curves 3 ul Current curve 4 gt Parameter Annular Foam Quality Legend Text Annular Foam Quality Enter Graph title Customised Graph Example X Axis title Depth All curves must have a common X Axis Draw Graph Exit Customised Graph Current Curve Once you have specified the number of curves required this selection box will
4. On the main menu select TOOLS gt USER DEFINED PARAMETERS In the text box for the New Parameter Name enter the name Example Parameter Select the CT Fluid Pressure from the Select Variable list Then click inside the space provided for the equation title Equation goes here gt Example Parameter The CT Fluid Pressure parameter is entered in the equation as x14 This is automatically done by the program Next select the minus operator and again click in the equation box Back to select variable and select Annular Fluid Pressure The Annular Fluid Pressure will be represented by the variable x15 Click on the appropriate units for this parameter in the Parameter Units list In this case we have selected the units of Pressure This will assign pressure units to this new parameter which will also allow converting units from API English to Metric or User Defined Finally click on the Add Parameter button 66 c6 __ _ _ EEE EERE EERE S Create User Defined Parameter New Parameter Name Example Parameter Select Exisiting Parameter Select variable Annular Fluid Pressure 7 Select operator minus Equation goes here gt x14 x15 Example Parameter Parameter units Add Parameter Remove Parameter User Defined Parameters 29 To remove an existing parameter that was previously created using this feature select the parameter from
5. Tension Compression tubing and the coiled tubing end is at the depth specified as the compute to depth in compute drag stationary Absolute East heading west then this distance will be negative North heading south then this distance will be negative Pull coiled tubing when applying maximum pull at surface pulled at the specified safety factor Maximum WOB The maximum weight on bit that could be applied at the minimum weight i e at the limit at which lock up would occur pushed before lockup occurs The density of the annular fluids This may vary if the Circulation Fluid is used in the Mud and Fluid in CT Data Penetration Rates The recommended penetration rate when performing sand cleanout and or drilling This rate corresponds to the rate at which the fill is being removed from the well The fill is assumed to occupy the full well bore and the liquid phase is carrying the sand or the cuttings at a specified concentration ratio in sand data Pick Up The state of tension compression during pulling out when Tension Compression the coiled tubing end is at the depth specified as the compute to depth in compute drag Pick Up Tri Axial The state of tri axial stress during pulling out when the Stress coiled tubing end is at the depth specified as the compute to depth in compute drag given BH Pull constant pull force in a vertical well Slack Off The state of tension compression during running in when Tension Compression the coi
6. button should be used 11 Graphs The following options and command buttons are available on all graphs Units Option The graph can be viewed and or printed either in API English Metric or User Defined units Alternative Graph List Box There are three types of graphs that the user can display and or print The graph that will be shown will be that of your choice in MAIN MENU gt OPTIONS The other graphs would still be available by using this list box The exception is with graphs displaying vertical axis parameters that do not share common units for example weights and stresses In this case only two graph types will be available to the user both are with the logo option Units Portrait graph with logo API English C Metric C User Defined SAVE TO FILE Options Clear Comments Weights MEDCO WOKING 14 Force amp Stress Analysis Date 23 Dec 2003 Comments Weight Ibs Slack off Weight Pick up Weight Hanging Weight Landscape graph with logo 12 Units Client MEDCO e Well WOKING lA API English Job Force amp Stress Analysis a Date 28 38 2003 C Metric Comments C User Defined Weights Slack off Weight Pick up Weight Hanging Weight Weight lbs a 3000 6000 SAVE TO FILE Landscape graph with logo Units API English Metric C User Defined Landscape graph with logo Weights Weights lbs 6
7. the Select Existing Parameter list then click the Remove Parameter button The list of mathematical operators available are Fonts Constant number must be typed in the equation box Plus for addition minus for subtraction times for multiplication divided by for dividing left parenthesis right parenthesis A to the power of for raising a number or value to the power of sin for sine of an angle cos for cosine of an angle tan for tangent of an angle log logarithm base 10 In natural logarithm base e exp natural e to the power of Ox delta this is the derivative equivalent to aD where x is a variable and D is depth sum this the summation equivalent to xaD where x is a variable and D is depth pi 3 1415926 to insert the physical constant 1 To change the graph or print fonts select this menu option Options Owner Copy Options The following is a list of the options that are used by the program in general Owner Name Insert your company name here Default Directory The path entered here will be the default path for the program to save and retrieve data as well as looking for customised graphs and reports Units Select your preferred units system to be the default for the program Use Company Logo in Prints When printing graphs or reports TAS can either use the owner name or the company log
8. 30 Owner Copy OPUS a A a 30 Minimum Maximum and Default Values ooocononocinnncnonaconnnononononnnononoconn nono nonnnn nooo nnonnn ccoo nn non nccnnncnnnncinss 31 Coiled Tubing Applications ai Add tadas 33 A ON NAO 33 BEE A AT 33 Coled Tube Gemela dd Dd old dunes 33 JD Data td Dt e nt dd ere eres 35 Bottom Hole Assembly ceed ede edie see Ad ae RS 36 Well Profile Module uri A dean neon reine in eens 37 Edit Input Datars ncsstesst te enc os tinct toes dede dita Pon As nd de Sata tn ed dl E ct Tonal ie 37 Suvey Dalal cree A AR Aa 37 Completion Datars cscs ta A A wee ee as 37 Compute Well Prof Hee E ee ek A a ES 38 Well Profile Graphs cui its 39 Well Profile Looking North ccccccecccesccssccesecesecesecseecaeeeseeeeeeseeeeeeesesecesecaeceaecsaecaeecaeeeaeeeaeeseeeeeeeneeeas 39 Well Profile Looking West i 39 Polar Plot Looking Do Wicca dai ainda EEs 39 SD Well Prol 39 Well Profile Report iii e aaa iS 39 Force and Stress Analysis Module iii ai aiii 40 EditinputData cn o asas et dae eto ao es e A 40 M dand Ed ena ers Tin 40 Production Data iii io A A A Ai it 40 Compute Force amp Stress Drag Computations ccccceseessessceesceeeceecesecesecaecsaecseecseeeseeeseeeeeeeeeeereeeeenseeneenaees 41 Definition of Lock Up ted tds 43 Graphs of the Force amp Stress Analysis Module cccccesscesseecessceesceeceseceaecaecaeecseeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeersneeeneeaees 44 1 ea oh EE E eae ree E lash ees e
9. Inner Diameter The production tubing inner diameter If this is left blank then the computations will only produce the minimum gas velocity or the condensate fall velocity These computations are based on the fact that there is a maximum condensate droplet size after which the droplet will shatter due to the drag pressure forces on the surface of the droplet exceeding the surface tension forces that hold the droplet together The shattering takes place at the critical Webber number Unload Gas Wells Select gas specific gravity Natural gas SG 0 65 Condensate density 68 pg y Condensate surface tension 30 00 dyneszecm y Average temperature 45 000 ldegoF yv Average pressure fi300 psi ss Tubing inner diameter eT SS ft min a 898 92 sct min gt mm 66 List of Computed Parameters An alphabetically sorted list of the parameters that are computed in TAS is included here for reference Use this list to select the appropriate parameters required in Customised graphs and reports in a graph will be represented as an integer coiled tubing due to fluid circulation well and the coiled tubing Annular Foam Quality The foam quality of the fluids in the annulus between the well and the coiled tubing Foam quality is defined as the ratio of the gas volume to the total volume Equally applies to multi phase flow Velocity Slug Flow for the slip between the phases Roughness The well azimuth in radians Load
10. The fluid circulation will use these values to derive a second order polynomial that determines the pressure drop at any flow rate Fluids Database Two files are associated with this database fluids def is the structure definition file and fluids dbs is the actual database file which stores all the records Each record in this database file has the following fields Rheology Model Four options are available which include Newtonian Power law Bingham plastic and Fann Rheometer readings 26 Note that only Newtonian fluids may be used in the mud and fluid in CT data reservoir data and production data Also in fluid circulation data using a flow type of foam will also force the user to use a Newtonian fluid Description The description of the record In TAS this parameter does not affect computations Density The density of the fluid This parameter is used in both the force analysis and fluid circulation computations Surface Tension The surface tension of the fluid This parameter is used in the multi phase algorithms appicable to the fluid circulation computations Surface tension can be measured by placing the fluid in a capillary tube and measuring the height of the fluid column The surface tension force is supporting the weight of the fluid column therefore surface tension x 27r height of column x 701 x fluid density where r is the radius of the capillary tube Depending on your selection of R
11. be installed prior to running TAS They are automatically available on the computer if using Windows XP otherwise they must be installed Once installed there is no need to re install them for version updates unless specifically stated e DCOM95 for Windows 95 only Must be installed first e ActiveX Data Object mdac_typ Must be installed for all Windows 32 bit platforms including Windows 95 If you have Microsoft Access installed then you do not need to perform this task See also Security Activation Key Dongle Activation Key Dongle This key should be connected to a USB port of the computer The Activation Key will not affect the normal operation of the computer TAS will not run if the Activation Key has not been installed If using WINDOWS 2000 NT or XP and you experience problems with the activation key then download the following file and unzip then run SetupSysDriver will be installed in C Program Files Rainbow Technologies Sentinel System Driver ftp anonftp rainbow com support SSD541 1 32bit exe Your activation key will hold information on your company ID and user ID It also holds information on additional modules acquired by the company user Note that while you can install TAS on as many computers as you may wish you will not be able to use any copies without the activation key Security Activation Key Dongle User Reference Manual This reference manual describes how to enter edit input data
12. flow types Power Law Consistency Factor K The consistency factor of the liquid in the well or the liquid being pumped Power Law Power Index n The power index of the liquid in the well or the liquid being pumped Bingham Plastic Plastic Viscosity PV The plastic viscosity of the liquid in the well or the liquid being pumped Bingham Plastic Yield Point YP The yield point of the liquid in the well or the liquid being pumped Fann Rheometer Readings Table Six readings corresponding to 3 6 100 200 300 and 600 rpm Surface Tension The surface tension of the liquid in the well or the liquid being pumped For water use 70 dynes cm and for oil use 30 dynes cm Required only with Gas Lift and Slug Flow Flow Rate The flow rate of liquid being pumped Gas Phase Parameters O Flow Rate The flow rate of gas being pumped Well Conditions O O Surface Temperature Surface or well head flowing temperature Bottom Hole Temperature Bottom hole at total depth flowing temperature Circulation Depth The depth at which fluid circulation is taking place i e where the depth of the coiled tubing This parameter is limited to the total depth of the well less the total length of the bottom hole assembly or the total length of the coiled tubing whichever is the shortest 47 r Fluid Circulation C TAS DATA GA GA7 DT9 Open File Save File Save File As C Metric C User Defined Convert Units Flow Type Multi Phase Pum
13. have exactly the same number of curves It is normal that you select curve number 1 then select the parameter that you desire for the curve then number 2 and so forth Parameter This is the parameter you wish to include for the current curve selected The list includes all the parameters that TAS computes and the user defined parameters Note that if you select parameters that have not been computed for example if you have only carried out drag computations and you try to include annular fluid velocity then this curve will only produce a line at zero See List of Computed Parameters Legend Text Once the parameter has been selected by default a legend text will appear You can change this if you wish This legend text will only apply to the curve representing the current parameter being added to the graph Enter Use this button to confirm that you have finished entering the related data concerning the current curve You should now go back to select the remaining parameters for the remaining curves Graph Title This will remain blank unless you enter something in this box X Axis Title Once the first curve has been selected this title will be filled automatically You can change the title if you wish 20 Draw Graph Use this button to draw the graph If all of your selected curves have a common Y Axis then all three types of graphs will be available Otherwise only two graph types are capable of presenting curves wit
14. having more than one curve Colors Use this option if you wish to have different curves plotted in different colors If you print you must have a color printer or plotter Display Grid Select the option you require Unified Y Axis This button is not available in the Landscape graph without logo This will only appear if all the curves share common units In this case it is possible to unify the Y Axis and a legend will appear at the bottom right hand corner Note that the Y Axis title will change to the common words in the individual curves titles from the end For example if the curves plotted are slack off weight and pick up weight then the Y Axis title will become weight while if the curves were pick up weight and maximum pull then there are no common words and the Y Axis title will be To avoid the later case 15 change the second curve title to maximum pull weight such that the word weight becomes common This must be done before unifying the Y Axis then return to the Graph Options to unify the Y Axis Comments Only available in one graph type with logo and comments There is room to enter up to 12 comments each can have up to 25 characters In the fluid circulation module some readily defined comments can be inserted simply by double clicking the required comment Note though that the comments will not clear or update themselves should the computations or the valu
15. options for the user r st Graph Options Weights Patterned Lines a Off Depth Weight On Minimum value Maximum value Title C off Change Color Enter Grid raph Comments On C Off Unified Y Axis True C False Graph options window 14 Graph Title Enter or change the graph title X Axis Title Enter or change the x axis title Y Axis Title Enter or change the y axis title This is only available for graphs with a unified Y axis Select Curve Use this selection box for selecting the curve which you wish to edit The following parameters are available for editing Only available in graph type with logo and comments Y Axis Minimum and Maximum Values The minimum and maximum values can be entered or changed here Use these to zoom in on the y axis or to enhance the presentation scales When the Unified Y Axis is used then changing the scales of the first curve will apply to all the curves on the graph Title Used to enter or change the title of the individual curves Change Color Can be used to change the default color of the individual curves Enter Use this button to confirm that the changes to the selected curve have been completed and get ready for the next curve Note if there are more than one curve then the next curve will automatically get selected once this button is clicked Patterned Lines If you do not have a color printer or plotter then use patterned lines with graphs
16. perform computations and obtain graphical and tabular outputs The program s front end uses conventional windows interface This means that the program can be used with or without a mouse The user can move from one object to another using the TAB key The movement takes place through a sequence pre defined in the program To move back use SHIFT TAB Once the desired object receives focus the user may then perform the following action depending on the object type Activates the menu option or displays the sub menu Command button Activates the command Options Press Right Left arrow key Changes selected option to the next previous in the list of options Press Enter Select the current option with focus on Object Type Grid Press Up Down arrow keys Scrolls Up Down one row Press Right Left arrow keys Scrolls Right Left one column Press Enter Makes the selected row the current row for editing General Windows Controls Menus and sub menus can be accessed using the mouse by pointing at the desired Menu_Option and clicking the left button of the mouse once Alternatively pressing the ALT key when the blank worksheet only is on display will highlight the first Menu_Option The user may then use either the arrow keys or the underlined letter of the desired Menu_Option to select Main Menu Title Bar Toolbar TAS ver3 44 UNTITLED Form1 a ee lo x Project Tool Optons Hep oam m All Applications Coiled Tubing Appli
17. re compute the effective diameter and weight The proper method for re computing the effective diameter is to add the cross sectional areas of the capillaries and the cable then work out the diameter of a cable that would have this total area The weight on the other hand is simply the sum of the weights per unit length Two parameters pertinent to the cable are required e Cable Diameter The diameter of the cable Must be smaller than the minimum coiled tubing inner diameter e Cable Weight The cable weight per unit length Creating a True Tapered Section A true tapered string can be created by selecting the True Tapered Section in the Select Component A new window will pop up prompting for the starting CT size the first part of the true tapered string that will go into the well and the end CT size the last part of the true tapered string that will go into the well By default the true tapered section will have 10 equal lengths with equal wall thickness increments The number of true tapered sub sections can be increased or decreased in the pop up window The lengths and sizes of the sub sections can be edited later in the coiled tubing geometry window by direct entry into the grid i e after clicking the O K button 34 r Coiled Tubing Geometry O K Open File Save File Save File As Units API English C Metric C User defined Convert Units Young Modulus 20000000 psi Material Density 0 2833 Ibm in cu
18. the record In TAS this parameter does not affect computations Corrosion Factor The corrosion factor relating to the fluid This parameter is used in the fatigue computations Int Ext Corrosion The corrosion can either act internally or externally External corrosion will only affect the portion of the coiled tubing that is actually in the well while internal corrosion will affect the entire length of the coiled tubing Use the full word Internal or External to input in this field Down Hole Tools Database Two files are associated with this database dhtools def is the structure definition file and dhtools dbs is the actual database file which stores all the records Each record in this database file has the following fields Pressure Drop 25 Four options are available which include none constant compute through nozzles and table of pressure drop Using the none or constant options will apply equally to the force analysis and the fluid circulation computations while the compute through nozzles and table of pressure drop will only apply to the fluid circulation computations The reason being that the later two require a flow rate to compute a pressure drop while the first two options will apply whether or not a flow rate exists Remember also that in the force analysis computations the user has the option of specifying pump on or hold pressure constant In the pump on option the flow rate is assumed minimum while in
19. 000 Depth feet Landscape graph without logo 13 Graphs continued Save to file This button is not available in the Landscape graph without logo Use this button to save the current graph to a bitmap file The file will be available to other applications for inserting Print Use this button to send the graph to print When using the graphs with the logo and comments you need to be carefull when selecting font as some printers do not support True Type fonts If this is the case then select Graph fonts Full View This button is not available in the Landscape graph without logo The button is initially invisible and remains so until the Zoom command has been used When this button is used the full horizontal scale is restored Zoom This button is not available in the Landscape graph without logo It can be used to zoom in to a portion of the horizontal axis Once this button is clicked the mouse pointer within the graph will change to a cross Pressing the mouse left button and holding the button down will define the left most point then moving the mouse to the right and upon releasing the left button the right most point is defined The graph will automatically be re drawn Note that the left most and right most points should be selected close enough to reasonable sub scaling range To zoom in the vertical axis set the minimum and maximum scales using the options Options This will display a window of various graph
20. Minimum Yield 80000 y psi Select Component y Outer Diameter 1 5 x 109 CT 1 5 x 125 CT 1 5 x 134 CT Job Data e Calculation Interval The calculation interval is the distance between two calculation nodes The program will automatically include all survey points completions and other points of interest as calculation nodes In addition calculation nodes will be added every calculation interval if they don t already exist The maximum distance between two calculation nodes will be no more than the calculation interval e Stuffing Box Drag The stuffing box drag or stripper friction needs to be estimated by the user On the job the user can actually compute the stuffing box drag by noting the difference in weight readings between pulling out and running in in vertical section of the well then dividing this difference by two will give the stuffing box drag e Running in and Pulling out Speed As the program will be computing the fluid drg on the coiled tubing during it s journey in and out of the well lt lt Back Cancel Open File Save File Save File As Units API English C Metric C User defined Convert Units Calculation Interval hi 00 feet Stuffing Box Drag Ibs Running in Speed 50 ft min Pulling out Speed fo ft min 35 Bottom Hole Assembly This group is used for editing data pertinent to the down hole tools being used Because of the pressure drop parameter describ
21. Stress Analysis Module Fluid Circulation See Fluid Circulation Module Reservoir Data See Fluid Circulation Module Sand Data See Fluid Circulation Module Gas Lift Valves See Fluid Circulation Module 36 Well Profile Module Edit Input Data Suvey Data This group is used for entering the data pertinent to the well profile e Depth The measured depth e Inclination The inclination or deviation of the well measured from vertical in degrees e Azimuth The azimuth of the well measured from true north in degrees Importing data from an ASCII formatted survey The data for this group may be imported directly from an ASCII formated survey file The required format is as follows Number_of_survey_stations Measured_Depth Inclination Azimuth i e the first line will tell TAS how many survey stations there are to follow then the data immediately appears after that The data should be organised in three columns as shown above with a comma separator between the columns The data can be in either API English metric or User Defined units and the appropriate Units Option in the edit window should be selected F Well Survey C PROGRAM FILES TAS XXX XXX D15 New i Save File Save File As Units API English C Metric C User defined Convert Units Insert Row Delete Row HELP Inclination Completion Data The completion data refers to the casing tubing or open hole sections that the coiled tubi
22. This option displays all the input data as it would be sent to the printer The data will be displayed in an image that can be copied and thus becomes available for pasting to other applications such as Microsoft Word There are two buttons that will appear on the image the COPY button which can be used to copy the current contents of the image and CONTINUE CLOSE button which can be used to advance to next page or in the case of the last page will close the Print Preview image 18 All Applications Coiled Tubing Application TAS ver3 42 C PROGRAM FILES TAS MORAIK BL 9I MORAIK BL 91 MAK DER Project Tools Options Help Fatigue Analysis Fluid Circulation Force amp Stress Analysi MEDCO Well General Client Name Moraik Oilfield Services Quick Computations Wall Name BL 91 Job Description Force amp Stress Analysis CONTINUE CLOSE Coiled Tubing Data C PROGRAM FILES TAS MORAIK BL 9TMORAIK BL 91 DT8 Young Modulus 30000 psi Material Density 0 2833 lbovin cu Minimum Yield 80000 psi Strength Factor 0 570 Component name Wall Thickness inches 0 109 Job Data C PROGRAM FILES TAS MORAIK BL 9T MORAIK BL 91 DT3 Calculation Interval 100 000 Set Stufing Box Drag 0 000 Running in Speed 0 000 Pulling out Speed 0 000 Bottom Hole Assembley Data C PROGRAM FILES TAS MORAIK BL 9TMORAIK BL 91 DT6 Component Weight Length Diameter Pressure Name tbs ex inches Drop Print Preview
23. To re organise the records in ascending alphabetical order use Tools Sort This option is equivalent to using the ADD button Delete Use this option to remove the currently selected record from the database This option is equivalent to using the DELETE button Clear Use this option to clear the data fields and prepare to enter new record data This option 1s equivalent to using the CLEAR button Sort Use this option to sort the records in ascending alphabetical order Search Use this option to search for a particular record The search field is the description Print Use this option to print the current database file contents 23 Units When retrieving the data of a record into TAS the data will automatically be converted to the appropriate system of units as for the edit window regardless of the units used in the DataBase Editor for entering the record You can therefore use either units system for entering data in the database Only one system of units may be used for a record API English Use this option to set the units of the current record entry to API English The API English units will be checked if this is the current selection Metric Use this option to set the units of the current record entry to Metric The Metric units will be checked if this is the current selection The database files included in TAS are Casing DataBase Two files are associated with this database casings def is the structure
24. Young Madik 3 00E 07 psi y Unsupported CT minimum yield stress fro zls o Length of minimum yield to use fo L Stripper x4 Secant Formula Results Eccentricity units Surface Buckling of Coiled Tubing Load Force units Buckling Force lbs 03 0 4 0 5 Eccentricity in e SWITCH TO TABLE PRINT 59 Design Coiled Tubing String Use this option to design a coiled string The design is based on a coiled tubing in a dry vertical well Note that in designing a tapered string the first element that goes in the well must be entered first The input data required consists of Outer Diameter The coiled tubing outer diameter Wall Thickness The coiled tubing wall thickness The design criterion can be any one of the following of minimum yield This represents designing a string with a safety margin The safety margin will be 100 less the figure entered here length of element The length of the element available overpull of Minimum Yield Once the above data has been entered use the compute and add button to perform the computations for this element Computed Parameters Inner Diameter The coiled tubing element inner diameter of minimum yield Length of the element Overpull available Weight of Element The weight of the coiled tubing element including the cable if installed Inner Volume The inner volume of the element accounting for the cable if installed Outer Displacement Volume The outer displacement o
25. ailable The program main menu has the following options Project This menu option is generally for opening saving and printing project data The sub menu options are New Use this option to erase all the input data from the program memory This option will not affect data already saved in files Open Use this option to open an existing project All project names have the extension mak Project files hold header data as well as the paths and names of all the data files corresponding to the edit windows Save Use this option to save the project that is currently open This option will save all data files as well using the same names and locations If you want to save the current project using a different name or location choose the next option Save As Save As Use this option to save and name the active project in a specified location To save a project with its existing name and location use the above option Save This option will automatically create a sub folder for the project using the same project name without the extension mak The sub folder will be created within the folder chosen for saving For example if the project is being saved as Medco example 1 mak in the path C Program Files TAS then the actual path will become C Program Files TAS Medco example 1 Print All Input Data Use this option to print all input data report The default printer will be automatically used Print Preview
26. ar Slack Off The weight prediction during slack off If the lower bound option has been selected in Compute Drag then the minimum weight curve will automatically appear Hanging The weight prediction while stationary Combined All the weight prediction on one graph r si Graph Units Portrait graph with logo Graph without logo API English C Metric C User Defined SAVE TO FILE Print Options Clear Comments Exit Client MEDCO Well e Shepperton Job Lock up example Date 29 Dec 2004 Comments Weight Ibs 6000 Depth feet Slack off Weight Pick up Weight Hanging Weight Tension Compression These graphs show the state of tension compression a snapshot of the coiled tubing when the end of the coiled tubing is at the maximum depth Pick Up The tension compression during pick up Slack Off The tension compression during slack off Combined The pick up and slack off tension compression Stress Use this option to view and or print the tri axial stresses The curves show the stress when the end of the coiled tubing is at the maximum depth Pick Up The stresses during pick up Slack Off The stresses during slack off Combined The stresses during pick up and slack off 44 Hang up Set down Analysis If the Hang up Set down weight analysis option was selected in Compute Drag amp Stress then this graph will be enabled This graph shows the force out vs force in where the force out is the force bein
27. atural Gas required to fill the hole between the two points of interest 64 Inflow Interpretation This option is provided to enable the user interprete the inflow performance data in terms of a productivity index or Fetkovitch parameters The desired option should be selected i e Productivity Index or Fetkovitch Equation together with the option for the main production i e oil or gas then the required data should be supplied After clicking the Calculate button the required parameters will be computed Reservoir Pressure The static reservoir pressure At BHFP The bottom hole flowing pressure Flow Rate The flow rate of the produced fluids or gases z sl Inflow Interpretation Reservoir static pressure 2000 psi y Bottom hole flowing pressure 11700 psi x Production rate 3000 Mscf day y Second reference point Bottom hole flowing pressure 1500 psi y Production rate 4500 Mscf day x C PRINT EXIT 65 Unload Gas Wells Use this option to compute the minimum required gas velocity to keep the condensate in a gas well unloaded Gas Type Specific Gravity Either Nitrogen or natural gas can be used The natural gas is identifed by it s specific gravity Condensate Density The density of the condensate to be lifted Condensate Surface Tension The surface tension of the condensate to be lifted Average Temperature The average temperature of the well Average Pressure The average pressure of the well Tubing
28. cal Wells iii A een Git ah aes 57 Elastic Stretch mni ksi aarti aah Bei RAS a En eh ee es UA s 57 Stuck Point Calculation ondas a ea eke bo la 57 ALAS E O ese RE 58 CT Surface Buck a tc 59 Design Coiled Tubing trNE iii cutcecdesctecstucrtentecdiassceuieedecdecess 60 Fluid Pressure DPP A e A A 61 Fluid RHCOLO BY ve us a dao Basins ha lowed A e E Aa Dun ecets 62 Gas Computations dde Aina teveods 63 Inflow Interpretations 4 5 ceticsicce ei A diia 65 Unload Gas Wells ita a aire eas 66 List of Computed Par iba 67 Overview Tubing Analysis System TAS is a simulation program comprising Force amp Stress Analysis Fluid Circulation and Gas Lift Analysis modules In all modules the well profile is required Hence the program has an essential module which handles the well profile The computations of the well profile are automatic whenever any of the other modules computations are performed In addition the program has several quick computations included The quick computations are to help users perform simple tasks quickly and without the need to refer to tables or formulae A large database of many oil and gas industry equipment is also included The database is aimed at easying the data entry in the program and is also available for general reference The simulations are based on mathematical algorithms from public domain libraries which are generally accepted in the oil and gas industry as valid algorithms The algorithms
29. cations Fluid Circulation Force amp Stress Analysis Gas Lift Well General Units DataBase Quick Computations Common Conversion Factors CT Burst Collapse CT Elastic Stretch in Vertical Wells CT Fatigue Cycles CT Surface Buckling Design Coiled Tubing String Fluid Pressure Drop Fluid Rheology Gas Computations Inflow Interpretation Unload Gas Wells TreeView TAS Main Window Text Box A text box is used to enter a value which can be either text or a number A text box is the simplest form of data entry field Use of the various keyboard keys is permitted and functions such as copy cut and paste are also permitted Enter value value can be text or number Text box Command Buttons These can be activated by clicking the mouse left button or by using the ALT Underlined letter of the command button Command Button Option Controls These are used to allow the user to choose one out of several options Option controls are found in frames that define the objective of the options Only one option will be active at any one time and will be indicated by a solid circle inside a hollow circle All other options will be inactive and have hollow circles To select an option point at the desired option using the mouse and click the left button once Alternatively use the ALT Underlined letter of the option C Option2 C Option3 Option controls Check Boxes Check boxes are boolean variables that can have valu
30. ciently described using one of the mathematical models above there are some fluids that cannot be properly approximated by these models Thus TAS allows the user to enter a table of Fann Rheometer readings directly These readings correspond to six given shear rates which cover most of the range of application in the coiled tubing In the computations therefore TAS will use the appropriate viscosity at the corresponding shear rate Compute Using Fixed Flow rate or pump pressure The program calculations will always be carried out using fixed flow rates because the pressure can be readily computed in an explicit formula If the user selects a fixed pump pressure then the program will have to assume some flow rate and compute the pump pressure If the resulting pump pressure does not match that specified by the user then the program will re adjust the flow rate and iterate until finding the right flow rate corresponding to the required pump pressure Liquid Phase Parameters The fluids can be selected from the fluids database Alternatively the following parameters must be entered manually O o Density If the flow type is gas lift then this parameter refers to the density of the liquid in the well Otherwise it is the density of the liquid being pumped According to Liquid Type selected Newtonian Viscosity The viscosity of the liquid in the well in gas lift and siphon string flow type options or the liquid being pumped in all other
31. combo box If using the keyboard only then the up down arrow keys can be used to go through the list but will not show all the options simultaneously Combo box Edit Input Data In general the input data windows have command buttons and a unit s frame as well as various other controls that differ for different data groups These controls are described below Save File Save File As Units API English Metri User Defined Convert Units Edit window 10 Command Buttons e OK This is used to commit the data entry and close the window The data in the program memory will be updated with the current values once this button is pressed e lt lt BACK This button is equivalent to the OK button In addition it will display the previous edit window If the current window is the first in the sequence of edit windows then this button will not be available e NEXT gt gt This is equivalent to the OK button In addition it will display the next edit window If the current window is the last in the sequence of edit windows then this button will not be available e CANCEL Using this button will result in cancelling all the changes made in the current edit window and closing the window The data in the program memory will revert back to the original data that was in memory before entering the edit window e NEW Will clear the current values in the current edit window and in the program memor
32. definition file and casings dbs is the actual database file which stores all the records Each record in this database file has the following fields Description The description of the record In TAS this parameter does not affect computations Weight Length The weight of the casing per unit length In TAS this parameter does not affect computations Outer Diameter The outer diameter of the casing In TAS this parameter does not affect computations Inner Diameter The inner diameter of the casing This is an important parameter and is used by TAS in computations of force analysis and fluid circulation Friction Factor The friction factor anticipated between the surface of this casing and the coiled tubing This parameter will be used in TAS in force analysis only Note that the same casing could be re entered using the ADD button and a different friction factor could be used Also in TAS the user 1s still able to change the friction factor 1f so desired Relative Roughness The relative roughness is the average size of the surface protrusions compared to the inner diameter of the casing This parameter is used in the fluid circulation computations and will only affect the flow in the turbulent regime Coiled Tubing DataBase Two files are associated with this database ct def is the structure definition file and ct dbs is the actual database file which stores all the records Each record in this database file ha
33. depths to reach the depth diameter of the completion Diameter computation depth Cable or capillaries not accounted for Diameter computation depth buckling is initiated Critical Sinusoidal The critical compressive force beyond which sinusoidal Force buckling is initiated plotted in a graph will be represented as an integer CT Fluid Pressure The fluids pressure inside the coiled tubing due to fluid circulation CT Foam Quality The foam quality of the fluids in the coiled tubing Foam quality is defined as the ratio of the gas volume to the total volume Equally applies to multi phase flow CT Pressure at Surface The pressure inside the coiled tubing over the gooseneck Drag Computations This parameter is computed hydrostatically and the pressure is then used for computing tri axial stresses Normally this pressure will be a constant unless the CT is pressured prior to running in the well then the pump is shut off Should this be the case then possible leakage of the fluids to the well could occur which will affect this parameter Depth The measured depth The well deviation in radians Coiled Tubing Inner The inner coiled tubing cross sectional area accounting for Flow Area cable and capillaries if any 67 Fluid in CT Density The fluid density inside the coiled tubing This may vary if the Circulation Fluid is used in the Mud and Fluid in CT Data Hanging The state of tension compression while hanging the coiled
34. e The surface temperature or the temperature at the upper most point Bottom Hole Temperature The bottom hole temperature or the temperature at the lower most point Average Temperature The average temperature of the gas Applies only to computation type Volume Average Pressure The average pressure of the gas Applies only to computation type Volume Pressure Known At Does not apply to computation type Volume Only one pressure is required by the user and the computations will compute the pressure at the other end 63 al Nitrogen Natural Gas Computations Select gas specific gravity Natural gas SG 0 65 y Number of Tubulars 4 le Surface temperature zo degF y Bottom hole temperature 200 degF True vertical depth 7900 ft Measured depth 9650 re y Tube inner diameter 1992 lin x Pressure known at Surface Surface pressure II COMPUTE ro Hole pressure ind ol nd SS scf PRINT EXIT The Results Depending on the computation type the results will include Z Factor The compressibility factor of the gas at the prevailing conditions Applies only to computation type Volume SCF per Barrel of Space OR SCM per m of Space Applies only to computation type Volume Other End Pressure The other end will change according to the Known Pressure At selection Total Hole Volume The actual hole volume between the two points of interest Total Displacement Volume The actual quantity of Nitrogen or N
35. e coiled tubing will remain constant at the bottom of the coiled tubing provided that this pressure does not exceed the well pressure plus the bottom hole assembly pressure drop in which case the pressure at the bottom of the coiled tubing will be re adjusted In the mean time the pressure at the pump will inevitably decrease because of the hydrostatic effect r Force amp Stress Computations Units API English C Metric C User Defined Total Depth pag feet Total Coiled Tubing Length 15000 feet Compute to Depth 8992 feet Maximum of minimum yield to use 100 Options 1 Use Circulation Pressure 2 Hang up Analysis Set down Weight 3 WOB ata given Hook Load 4 Stack off Weight ata given WOB gt 5 BH Pull ata given Hook Load Pick up Weight at a given BH Pull gt 7 Lockup Weight lower bound l 8 Maximum pull upper bound 9 Switch off pump pressure constant gt Help F1 Cancel During the drag analysis computations the program will automatically look out for lock up should it occur If indeed lock up is predicted then a message will be displayed to inform the user and the computations will be terminated at the lock up depth Definition of Lock Up Lock up is defined as the point at which the coiled tubing ceases to make progress in the well This would normally happen if the coiled tubing goes into helical buckling and the extra friction due to the buckling is causing more coiled tubing to bec
36. e corrosion database or enter a corrosion factor directly Stress Concentration Select a weld stress concentration factor from the weld factors database or enter the factor directly Minimum Yield Strength of the coiled tubing Reel Diameter The core diameter of the reel Gooseneck Radius Range of Internal Pressure by default this will be 0 to 5000 psi or the equivalent in a different units system sl Fatigue Cycling Results Pressure units Fatigue Cycles to Failure psi 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Internal Pressure psi 58 CT Surface Buckling This computation calculates the maximum compressive force that can be applied to the coiled tubing segment between the lowest chain block and the stripper box There are three formulae that are included here The Secant Formula This formula will include the effects of eccentricity The computations will assume a range of eccentricity values ranging from 0 to a distance equivalent to the radius of the coiled tubing The other two formulae The Parabolic and the Gordon Rankine The Parabolic formula will almost give a result equivalent to a perfectly concentric case while the Gordon Rankine will give a result almost equivalent to worst case eccentricity x4 Surface Buckling of Coiled Tubing Select buckling formula Gordon Rankine Select coiled tubing 4 5 x 0 109 Injector Outer Diameter 1500 fin y Wall Thickness 0 1090 fin y Unsupported Length e fm y T
37. ed later the only method for entering this group of data is to select the individual components from the down hole tools database You should therefore make sure that your down hole tools database is comprehensive Component Name A description of the down hole component Weight The weight of the tool Length The length of the tool Diameter The outer diameter of the tool in inches Must not exceed the minimum casing inner diameter Pressure Drop This is the pressure drop through the down hole tool when fluids are being pumped through Only the type of pressure drop will appear here Bottom Hole Assembly C PROGRAM FILES TAS EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 1 DT6 T cack e O f Came New Open File Save File Save File As Units API English C Metric C User defined Convert Units Update BHA Sketch Ticks represent 1 ft gt Select Component v Enter Component Weight Length Diameter Pressure Name lbs feet inches Check Valve 15 000 0 500 2 500 None Sequence Valve 15 000 1 000 2 500 Constant Drill Motor 100 000 6 000 2 500 Table of pressure drops Drill Bit 100 000 0 500 2 500 Compute through nozzles The remaining categories or data entry forms will be detailed in the relevant modules The list below shows where to find a particular group Survey Data See Well Profile Module Completion Data See Well Profile Module Mud and Fluid in CT See Force amp Stress Analysis Module Production Data See Force amp
38. ee E las nal nk Aidbel foc 44 Tension COMpressiON idas 44 MOS it ii ae 44 Hang up Set dowmn Analysis ociosas aia an E REE raid 45 Weeicht One Bite is scott cl Peas ae ahaa da lo nt o do de o a 45 Reports of the Force amp Stress Analysis Module cccccescecsseeeeesceesceeeceseceaecaecseecaeeeaeeeaeeeneeeeeseeeeeeeeeeneeaees 45 WES A A A A A Ei 45 MOSS iio siria al wives eo eh tea sh Mice a ain Aine de tati cede 45 Hang p Analysis td 45 Fluid Circulation Module iii A A AA dada 46 Edit Input B E 1 7s EE AE A IE DON IESG a hoe tA St Ee 46 Fluid CUA ted e eee 46 REO DE r OAE o ad ski a ee e 48 Sa CUE Dit a eee 49 Gas Lift Valves Mandrels viii edi aaa iii 50 Compute Fluid Cir Ula O a r e e e a a e e e aa r A A n e Aa a E e aE A A EAA ER 51 Graphs of the Fluid Circulation Module sssnesseeeeeseeessseeessesersesseessssreressestesteserstsseeesstsresseressteeresesseeressesees 51 Bluid V clocitiess 2 O cel nae Goad nana 52 Fl id Pressures A A ia 52 Penetration RES A A AA e Ad 52 Vel CNA A e E TE Sa coe eed ee 52 Sensitivity Analysis Graph A 53 Reports of the Fluid Circulation Module 0 cccccccecseesseesceesceesceecesecesecseceaecaecaeecseecaeseneseneeeeeeseeersneeeeeaees 54 BHA Pressure Dropsen e e i A E E R O E EEE E 54 Quick Computations snenia o i E Shc evga be E R E E O Aaa e ee EE 55 Common Conversion Factors ini n E EE RE ERREA NEERA E 55 CI Burst Collapse Pressure ta o dices Det Aas das 56 Elastic Stretch in Verti
39. ee eee 9 Combo BOX ia ee eer ee 10 Edit Input Data sc nica A Eg A A A th en A 10 Command Buttons atada dec 11 UA E Se AMEN told ies is Sots besa kts ts tats A BOSS neces Cate A Sot deta on toda do 11 GAPS ic cd coe secvec A T 12 A EEEE duit nin A welcome dnt eset wale manta tan iad hate en dalle 12 Alternative Graph Last Ba 12 Save to A O 14 PO A A A ELBA ER vt BoE 14 Bun Na CW A E E oe tt ae Peace E hans dh Rad hans E 14 E et test 14 Opin EE EE eed eA Bok Hexen ek Hee RI a EE eA 14 Clear COMME ita 16 EEX A A A A A a oe tibia ita i 16 ROA a E R oa cot E Meech cate ook hk abed AR CIO casi 17 Wnts Opt lol ta alisado ssl aa 17 A OSI 17 Pintto A 17 Fi a decia naaa eel 17 M n Mi A aaa E E Ani 18 l a lt 0 Bee ESTRAE O AA ee ee 18 NG Wits eters a oe aac RR een ea Ne ee 18 OPE roie l E EA EEE NN 18 DAV E EEE E AE tec he Se eek A ee ee ee 18 Saver O ew iat be A oho 18 Print AMP Data EE E O A A toe 18 Brin PRE VAC W255 3 td ch ea ese a RR E ES 18 A oo Ee 19 L st Projects ioc scsseths sete a E eae Ree hes acted Rate aes dese a E aes sae 19 ON 19 Customs Orpesa a ne dat O O e o Mead 19 Customise Repita A A eek AE a Ri ates 21 Edit DaitaBasEi scars castes oe as chee ge sx Fea SOAS A SAE 6 AS AB ER a 23 Functions atid Alsorithms 32 0 20c8 A Ma AR ene as 28 User Defined Parar ceeiiv eu steecesseees dence tussstece vile shes udth cn Feb Cus e deed ei Fikes 29 EMS A oe 30 OO e e e a ts e a o Sn e e de o A en Mk
40. er you can enter any number in this input r Reservoir Data C PROGRAM FILES TAS XXX XXX D12 Oo o w EEE OO o O oa New Save File Save File As Units API English C User Defined Convert Units Number of reservoirs use this to simulate a long reservoir Static Pressure 1500 psi At Depth 12850 feet Produced Oil Ibs gal Viscosity 49 centi poise Surface Tension 30 dynesicm E Produced Water Density 3 33 Ibs gal Viscosity 4 centi poise Surface Tension 79 dynes cm bpd psi Productivity Index 4 9 Gas Oil Ratio 550 scfistk bbl Gas Specific Gravity g 65 Sand Cuttings Data This is the data relating to sand or the cuttings when drilling with coiled tubing to be cleaned out Specific Gravity 49 The sand specific gravity relative to water Most sand has a specific gravity close to 2 65 Volume Concentration A rule of thumb for cleaning out sand is to lift 1 lbf of sand per gallon of water The water density is 8 33 lbf gal therefore 1 Ibm of sand will occupy a space of 1 8 33x2 65 gallons giving a ratio of approximately 1 22 or 4 5 by volume Therefore the user is recommended not to exceed 5 concentration Minimum Mesh Size The mesh size is inversely related to the particle size Therefore the minimum mesh size will indicate the maximum particle size r Sand Data C PROGRAM FILES TAS XXX XXX D13 oOo oo ES cance e Open File Save File Save File As Specific G
41. er inches Coiled Tubing Wall Thickness inches Coiled Tubing Length feet Depth feet Stuffing Box Drag Ibs Running in Speed ft min Pulling out Speed ft min Fluid Density Ibs gal Tool Length feet Tool Diameter inches Tool Weight Ibs Pressure psi Liquid Volume Barrels Gas Volume scf Liquid Gas Time secs Viscosity centi poise Bingham Plastic Yield Point Ibs 100 sq ft Surface Tension dynes cm Temperature deg F Casing Size inches Friction Factor Production Rate Liquid barrels day nN S os co Ww a 20085 ao O NNOOO O 0m wN 1 ODO0O 000 000000 TT Minimum maximum and default values Help To access the program help menu The program help is the same as this document 32 Coiled Tubing Applications The coiled tubing applications comprise Fluid Circulation Force amp Stress Analysis and Well Profile When a module is selected a sub window or form will appear and the program main menu will be replaced by the module s own menu However the toolbar menus will remain unchanged The menu for each of the modules consist of the following Edit For entering editing the input data The input data are arranged in categories and these are explained here Global Data This category of data applies to all the modules and cosists of Header Information This is the header information and includes the Client Name Well Name and Job Description
42. es change It will be up to the user to remove any existing comments Clear Comments The user can insert further comments on the graph area by moving the mouse cursor to any point within the graph area then right click to insert the comment It is not possible to remove a single comment however it is possible to remove all the comments in the graph area by using the Clear Comments button Exit Use this button to exit the current graph 16 Reports Reports have the following command buttons si WEIGHTS Report Print to File Units API English C Metric C User Defined Pick Up Weight Slack Off Weight Hanging Weight Reports Units Option Use this option to display the report in API English Metric or User Defined units Print Use this button to print the report to the on line printer Select Fonts form will appear if no fonts have been specified before otherwise use Main Menu Tools Fonts to access this form Print to File Use this command to print the report to a file The file will be ASCII format and comma delimited The file will have the extension out and can be retrieved by any spreadsheet that has an import ASCII formatted file facility Exit Use this button to quit viewing a report 17 Main Menu The main menu is available at all times but will be replaced by module s menu when any of the modules is active When a module menu replaces the main menu the main menu toolbar will still be av
43. es of True or False To change the value of a check box use the mouse to point at the check box and click the left button once alternatively use the ALT Underlined letter of the check box title l Check2 Y Check3 Check boxes Grid Control A grid control is different from a text box Normally the grid does not allow the user to write directly to any of the cells in the grid However a special procedure has been implemented in TAS to allow direct entries to the grid cells The procedure uses a floating text box that moves to the grid cell receiving focus Once a keyboard entry is made the text box will automatically be activated and all the actions permitted in an ordinary text box will be also permitted If you want to extend the width of the column simply press hold and move left button of the mouse until you get the right width then release In addition there is a pop up menu that can normally be accessed by pointing at a cell in the grid and right click The pop up menu consists of 2 items e Insert Row Used to insert a row above the current active row e Delete Row Deletes the current active row If this is the only row in the grid then this action will only clear the contents of the current row Grid control Combo Box A combo box contains a list of options where only one option can be selected To see the list of options the user needs to click on the small downwards pointing arrow on the right hand side of the
44. eservoir productivity index or the Fetkovitch relationship or the production may be fixed regardless of the conditions in the well If the option is set to computed then you will need to enter the following parameters Productivity Index This parameter can be deduced from the inflow performance of the well If the reservoir is producing liquids then this parameter is in terms of the oil production per pressure difference between the reservoir pressure and the bore hole pressure or the bottom hole flowing pressure If the reservoir is Gas Only then the productivity index relates to the gas production 48 Fetkovitch Equation This relationship is a better approximation of the reservoir inflow performance but does requires more information The reservoir production Q is given by the relatioship Q CP2 BHFP Y reservoir where Preservoir 1s the static reservolr pressure BHFP is the bottom hole flowing pressure The user has to supply the program with the two parameters C and n Gas Oil Ratio If the reservoir produces oil then this parameter can be used to input the gas oil ratio This parameter can be left as zero if there is no gas production at all Gas Specific Gravity If the reservoir is producing gas with or without oil then the gas specific gravity relative to air under standard temperature and pressure conditions must be entered The program supplies a list of typical natural gas specific gravities commonly found Howev
45. f the coiled tubing element Y Design Coiled Tubing String Select Coiled Tubing 1 5 x 9 134 CT minimum yield stress 70000 v psi y ES ON Z of minimum yield 80 2 y COMPUTE AND REMOVE AND A COMPUTE of Minimum Total length Total weight Total inner volume Total outer displacement 60 Fluid Pressure Drop This computation can be used to compute the fluid pressure drop friction pressure only in either pipe or annular flow domains The fluids can be either Newtonian Power Law or Bingham Plastic The parameters required are the flow rate fluid density rheological properties of the fluid flow domain dimensions and the absolute roughness S Liquid Flow Computations Flow Rate 0 75 bpm y Fluid Density 8 6 ppg y Power Index n 0 71 Consistency Factor K 122 epssecn x Outer Pipe Inner Diameter 2 992 lim y Inner Pipe Outer Diameter fi 75 fin Pipe Length fooo ft Absolute Roughness g 9015 in y 61 Fluid Rheology Use this option to compute the rheological parameters of fluids The setup is for a standard Fann Rheometer Note that you can still use this for measuring the viscosity of Newtonian fluids If you use a Power law model to describe a Newtonian fluid then the power index n will be unity and the consistency factor K will represent the fluid viscosity in centipoise while if you use a Bingham plastic model then the Yield Point YP will be zero and the Plastic Visc
46. g transmitted to the bottom end of the coiled tubing while the force in is the force needed to be applied at surface Weight on Bit If the Hang up Set down weight analysis option was selected in Compute Drag amp Stress then this graph will be enabled This graph will present the force out vs force in in a different view point being the weight at surface or hook load vs the weight on bit Note that at a weight on bit of zero the Hook Load is equivalent to the predicted slack off running in weight at the corresponding depth of the hang up analysis Units API English Portrait graph with logo Graph without logo SAVE TO FILE C Metric C User Defined Clear Comments Print Full View Options Hook Load vs Weight on Bit at 8992 feet Weight on Bit Ibs a ia as aaa e O l 2000 Hook Load bs Reports of the Force amp Stress Analysis Module Weights The outputs include the Pick up Slack off and Hanging weights These weights represent the predicted weights when the bottom end of the coiled tubing is at the corresponding depth Stress The stresses included are the Pick up and Slack off The stresses are when the coiled tubing has reached the required depth and these results show the state of stress at that moment Hang up Analysis This report will only be available if the Hang up Analysis option has been selected in the Compute Drag The parameters are the predicted force out vs force i
47. gth 33 e Young Modulus This parameter will be used in both the force analysis and fatigue computations While most coiled tubings supplied have a Young Modulus of 30x10 psi you may enter a different value here particularly if you were using TAS to model something else other than coiled tubing such as cable or drill pipe e Material Density This parameter will only be used in force analysis computations The default value is 0 2833 lby in You may enter a different value here particularly if you were using TAS to model something else other than coiled tubing such as cable or drill pipe e Minimum Yield This is the coiled tubing minimum yield stress This parameter is used in force analysis and fatigue computations Currently there are four known coiled tubing minimum yield values which are 70000 80000 90000 and 100000 psi Coiled Tubing With Cable Some coiled tubing strings may contain a cable wireline This is normally used for logging highly deviated wells or for performing logging jobs simultaneously as circulating fluids through the coiled tubing TAS allows the use of coiled tubing strings containing a logging cable When drilling with coiled tubing it is often the case that a cable and two capillaries will exist The cable will be used for transmitting data uphole while the capillaries for steering the bottom hole assembly Since there is no facility to enter three cables the user should improvise and use a single cable but
48. h different Y Axis scales and units graphs with logo Retrieve Settings If you have already created a customised graph setting then you can use this button to retrieve the settings from the settings file Note that the settings file does not actually hold the computed data rather it holds information on the selected parameters only Save Settings Use this button to save settings with same file name as you have opened or previously used to save settings as Save Settings As If you have just created a customised graph from new and wish to keep the settings for future use then use this button to name the settings file Customise Report This option is similar to Customise Graph A window for designing a customised report will appear To design a customised report follow these steps Units Option Select the units you desire for the report Number of Columns Up to 9 columns can be placed in the report Column Number Once you have specified the number of columns required this selection box will have exactly the same number of columns It is normal that you select column number 1 then select the parameter that you desire for the column then number 2 and so on Parameter This is the parameter you wish to include for the current column selected The list includes all the parameters that TAS computes and the user defined parameters Note that 1f you select parameters that have not been computed for example if you have on
49. he protrusions in this case will actually be the difference between the cable maximum and minimum diameters Another option available here is to Perform Sensitivity Analysis This option may be used to perform several computations using different input values of a single parameter Up to 10 parameters can be monitored in the sensitivity analysis The following describes how to perform a sensitivity analysis e Tick the check box Perform Sensitivity Analysis Once this box is ticked several controls will appear on the screen e Select the parameter you wish to vary You have the option of changing the known pressure i e what ever was selected in Edit Fluid Data the liquid flow volume the gas flow volume or the circulation depth e Specify the range of values to be included e Select the number of steps required By default this will be 10 e Select the parameters you wish to monitor When the computations have been carried out the parameters that were selected for monitoring will be available for display on the sensitivity analysis graph r s Fluid Circulation Computations Relative roughness in CT 0 001 Include Sand C No Yes Reverse Circulation No C Yes Perform Sensitivity Analysis Change parameter Liquid Flow Volume m Range of Values 0 25 to 14 5 Barrels Number of steps 5 Parameters to monitor annular Fluid Velocity gt Insert Row Delete Row Maximu umber of param t Parame
50. heology Model you will get the following Viscosity Newtonian The fluid viscosity Consistency Factor K Power law The consistency factor K of the fluid Power Index n Power law The power index n of the fluid Yield Point YP Bingham plastic The yield point YP of the fluid Plastic Viscosity PV Bingham plastic The plastic viscosity PV of the fluid Table of Fann Rheometer Readings The Fann rheometer readings at the corresponding shear rates expressed in rpm In all the fluid models the fluid circulation will compute an effective viscosity of the fluid at the computed shear rate Welds Stress Concentration Factors Database Two files are associated with this database weld_f def is the structure definition file and weld_f dbs is the actual database file which stores all the records Each record in this database file has the following fields Description The description of the record In TAS this parameter does not affect computations 27 Weld Factor This is the weld stress concentration factor A weld factor of unity means that no stress concentration exists while a weld factor of less than unity means that a stress concentration due to a weld exists This parameter is used in the fatigue analysis module Functions and Algorithms Here the user can change the algorithms used in multi phase flow The available algorithms are as follows Duns and Ros Beggs and Brill Hagedorn and Brown Se
51. hold pressure constant the pressure is set at surface then 1t is re adjusted according to the hydrostatic fluid pressures both on the inside and the outside of the coiled tubing In case the inside pressure exceeds the outside pressure plus the pressure drop through the bottom hole assembly leakage of fluids will occur Description The description of the record In TAS this parameter does not affect computations Weight The weight of the tool This parameter will affect the end force on the bottom of the coiled tubing Length The length of the tool This parameter is used to compute the tool volume and the buoyancy Diameter The outer diameter of the tool This parameter is used to compute the tool volume and the buoyancy Depending on your selection of Pressure Drop you will get nothing pressure drop number of nozzles and nozzle diameter or a table of pressure drops at given flow rates Pressure Drop Constant A constant pressure drop though the tool regardless of flow rates A typical example would be a sequence valve which is a check valve with a minimum pressure difference to be overcome before the valve would open Number of Nozzles Compute through nozzles The total number of nozzles All nozzles will be assumed to have the same diameter Nozzle Diameter Compute through nozzles The diameter of the nozzle Table of Pressure Drops Three pressure drops at corresponding flow rates are to be supplied
52. ing all the fluid circulation reports will automatically go to print Choke Size Computation Method Options Currently only two methods are used by the program that is the Baker and the Gilbert methods The Gilbert cannot be used if gas only is flowing through the surface choke while the Baker method is not reliable for large choke sizes Definitions and Notes Pump Pressure Note that if the flow type is multi phase flow alternate pumping then this parameter will represent the pump pressure for the liquid stage Hole Volume The volume of the annulus between the circulation depth to surface Bottoms up Time The time taken for fluids in the annulus to reach the current depth from the circulation depth Foam Quality The ratio of gas volume to total volume of foam Minimum Required Gas velocity Used in gas lift The gas velocity required to achieve a gas lift must be greater than the escape velocity of bubbles If the gas velocity in the annulus is less than this figure then the gas will escape in the form of bubbles without reducing the hydrostatic pressure in the annulus i e no gas lift will take place Choke Size This is the recommended choke size to use It is only applicable when the flow has reached steady state In gas lift for example the choke will be fully open at first gradually reduced to the recommended choke size over the bottoms up time to surface BHA Pressure Drops When a bottom hole assembly is used the pressure drops th
53. is computation then there will be no need to perform this computation separately instead simply use the force amp stress analysis compute option 38 Well Profile Graphs The graphs include the following Well Profile Looking North The positive distances represent distance towards the east while negative towards the west Well Profile Looking West The positive distances represent distance towrds the north while negative towards the south Polar Plot Looking Down This graph shows the azimuth of the well 3D Well Profile This is a 3 dimensional presentation of the well path At the start your view point is positioned directly above the well head at a distance pre set and diplayed in the distance box The view point is facing north and the focal point is the well head The tilt is the angle between the vertical and the line joining the view point to the well head You can use the vertical scroll bar to change the tilt The azimuth is the angle between the horizontal line in the north direction and the line joining the view point to the well head You can use the horizontal scroll bar to change the azimuth Note also that you can change the focal point to any position you wish To include a representation of the completion select the check box option for Draw Casing Then to make a more dramatic visual impact use the adjust casing size to exaggerate the casing size The well profile will be re drawn instantaneously as you sc
54. k Next gt gt Cancel Open File Save File Save File As Units API English C Metric C User defined Convert Units Select Fluid Produced Fluid Density Ibs gal Produced Fluid Viscosity 3 03 centi poise Well head pressure psi Flow Rate barrels day Compute Force amp Stress Drag computations This option initiates the drag computations Stress analysis is automatically carried out with the Drag computations they are combined and will include computations of tri axial stress The computations will only consider the hydrostatic fluid pressures in computing the hoop and radial stresses An option of using the circulation fluid pressures is available Note that bending stress is automatically included if applicable A window appears informing the user of the total depth of the well and the total length of the coiled tubing string By default the program assumes a running in depth equal to the lowest of the two The user can change the running in depth Compute to Depth to any value less than or equal to the lowest of total depth and total length of coiled tubing string Note that the total depth will be the total well depth less the total bottom hole assembly length Several computation options can be activated here 1 Use Circulation Pressure This option may be used if you wish to include the effects of fluid circulation on the force and stress analysis computations When fluid circulation is taking place the press
55. led tubing has reached the depth specified as the compute to depth in compute drag Slack Off Tri Axial The state of tri axial stress during running in when the Stress coiled tubing has reached the depth specified as the compute to depth in compute drag 68 or slacking off weight 69
56. llows up to three different fluids in a well Viscosity The fluid viscosity is required if the dynamic simulator is intended to be used Surface Tension The fluid surface tension is required if the dynamic simulator is intended to be used and there is a possibility of multi phase flow to exist Top of this fluid at Depth Applies to the fluids in the well only The bottom mud will occupy the interval between total depth of the well and this depth If this parameter is non zero then input boxes for intermediate mud will appear The intermediate mud will occupy the space between the top of the bottom mud and the intermediate mud s Top of this fluid at Depth If the intermediate mud s Top of this fluid at Depth is non zero then the entry boxes for the surface mud will appear There will not be an entry box for the surface mud Top of this fluid at Depth as this will always be to surface Z Mud amp Fluid in Coiled Tubing C PROGRAM FILES TAS XXX XXX D11 New Open File Save File Save File As Units API English Metric C User Defined Convert Units Mud Bottom Intermediate Surface a ve Dopth 0 000 2 500 5 000 7 50010 000 3 6 Ibsigal 1 03 5 02 centi poise zo Surface Tension dynes icm Top of this fluid at depth 1210 feet Select Fluid e Density of Fluid in Coiled Tubing 3 6 Ibs gal Viscosity of Fluid in Coiled Tubing 1 03 centi poise Surface Tension of Fluid in Coiled Tubing 70 dynesicm Note Viscosities and Surface Tensi
57. ly carried out drag computations and you try to include annular fluid velocity then this column will only produce zeros See List of Computed Parameters Enter Use this button to confirm that you have finished entering the related data concerning the current column Y ou can select the data that you desire for the header The header information will be repeated for every page of the report 21 st Design a Customised Report Retrieve Settings Save Settings Settings As Print to Printe Print to File Untis API English C Metric User Defined Number of columnas H Column number Parameter Enter Report Header Header Information Include I Client Name TF Stuffing Box Drag TT Well Name Pump Pressure Job Description TT Hole Volume TT Date Customised Report Retrieve Settings If you have already created a customised report setting then you can use this button to retrieve the settings from the settings file Note that the settings file does not actually hold the computed data rather it holds information on the selected parameters only Save Settings Use this button to save settings with same file name as you have opened or previously used to save settings as Save Settings As If you have just created a customised report from new and wish to keep the settings for future use then use this button to name the settings file Print To Printer Prints the report in la
58. n and the corresponding Hook Load Hook Load is the same as weight reading 45 Fluid Circulation Module Edit Input Data Fluid Circulation This group is used for editing the data pertinent to the fluid circulation module Here the pumped fluids are entered e Flow Type Options This option defines the flow type to be used in the fluid circulation model The program will automatically display the parameters pertinent to the selected flow and liquid types The flow type is only referring to the flow type inside the coiled tubing The program will account for other flows from different sources in the well such as reservoirs coiled tubing and gas lift valves The options available are O O Single Phase Liquid Liquid only being pumped Slug Alternate Pumping Liquids are pumped through the coiled tubing for a period of time then purged by Nitrogen gas The mixing of the two phases takes place in the annulus Slug Thro T Both the liquid and the gas are pumped through the coiled tubing simultaneously This means that multi phase flow will actually exist inside the coiled tubing Foam Flow Liquid and gas are mixed at surface and pumped through the coiled tubing in the shape of foam i e using a surfactant agent Nitrogen Gas Lift Only Nitrogen gas is being pumped through the coiled tubing The well must have a liquid that needs to be gas lifted This computation will produce the steady state results when the fluids in the
59. ndscape and uses the default printer for destination Print To File Prints the report to an ASCII format file which has comma delimiters File extension is rpf 22 Edit DataBase The Edit Database window is accessed via the Global module either by the button within the Global window or by the menu option at the top of the TAS window File Edit Tools New Use this option to clear the database from memory and prepare the database editor for opening another database file Open Use this option to open a database file If a database file is already open then use File New to clear the database editor before opening another file Save If you have changed the contents of the database file then use this option before leaving the database editor This option will save to the current opened file Save As Use this option if you do not wish to over write the database files used by TAS In practice this option should not be needed at all Exit Use this option to end your database editing session You will automatically be prompted to save the database file that you have been editing If you wish to do so then click the YES button otherwise click the NO button Update Use this option to update the contents of the current record being edited This option is equivalent to using the UPDATE button Add Use this option to add a new record to the current database The new record will automatically be added as the last record
60. ng will be going through during it s journey in and out of the well That is this data should refer only to the inner most casing tubing in the well The information here includes the component name outer diameter inner diameter to depth friction factor and relative roughness The component name and the outer diameter are for presentation purposes only and therefore will not cause any errors if not entered e Inner Diameter This is the casing tubing inner diameter as seen by the coiled tubing If for example the well has a production tubing inside the casing then it is the production string inner diameter that is required and not the casing 37 e To Depth The first completion component starts from surface i e it starts from depth 0 and it occupies the space down to this parameter To Depth The next component will automatically start from the To Depth value of the current component e Friction Factor The friction factor for the current component The friction factor depends on the nature of the two surfaces that are in contact with each other Hence for a scaled part of the well or open hole the friction factor should be increased to say 0 30 to 0 35 For a new casing a friction factor of 0 20 can be assumed In open hole the friction factor will largely depend on the type of formation For example in one case study a friction factor of 0 27 was found to be accurate for open hole section in limestone formation e Relative R
61. not affect the program defaults of Minimum Yield The maximum stress shall not exceed of minimum yield stress multiplied by the minimum yield stress Ovality The pipe ovality as a percentage Ovality is defined as the ratio of difference between maximum and minimum diameters to average diameter d d Ovality max m n avg Note that collapse pressures can be positive as well as negative Negative collapse pressures mean that the coiled tubing will be able to withstand a higher pressure on the outside than the pressure inside the coiled tubing while positive collapse pressure means that the coiled tubing must be pressurised from the inside to prevent collapse The latter case would normally happen if the loading is close to the maximum load and necking is taking place To prevent necking or collapse the tubing must be pressured from the inside Ovality will have a negative effect on the coiled tubing collapse pressure i e the maximum collapse pressure is reduced as ovality increases Burst and Collapse Pressures Load Force units Burst and Collapse Pressure T Pressure units i a y E a 2 gt ri a Axial Load Ibs SWITCH TO TABLE PRINT 56 Elastic Stretch in Vertical Wells This type of computation is used to compute the stretch of the coiled tubing in a vertical well The computations assume that the pipe has not exceeded the elastic limits The same type of computation can be used to e
62. o To change the company logo use the Change Logo button and locate the company logo Note that the company logo should be sized appropriately to give a presentable appearance If in doubt use the supplied MEDCO company logo and replace it s contents with your own company logo keeping all other attributes the same 30 Default Graph Option There are two types of graphs used in TAS a generic Microsoft chart and a special MEDCO chart The Microsoft chart is limited in it s capabilities particularly when plotting multi y axis charts The MEDCO chart on the other hand can be used with multi y axis plots with company logo and with comments too Furthermore the MEDCO chart can also be in Landscape or Portrait format Thus the list box will have the following options e Landscape graph with logo being the MEDCO chart in Landscape format e Portrait graph with logo being the MEDCO chart in Portrait format e Graph without logo being the Microsoft chart Screen Resolution The program will automatically attempt to detect your computer screen resolution However should you find that the text on the graphs are not in the appropriate spaces then this parameter may be fine tuned to remedy the situation Normally the program will detect the appropriate screen resolution Default Tubular As TAS may be used for coiled tubing or drill pipe applications this option will determine which is to be the default tubular applica
63. ock up This option will create a minimum slack off weight at which the lock up will occur Also this computation will provide the maximum WOB that can be applied see description of lockup below 8 Maximum pull upper bound The upper bound option computes the maximum pull available subject to a maximum safety factor to be specified by the user The safety factor in this case is the maximum stress to be applied as a percentage of the minimum yield stress Note that when using the upper bound option the maximum bottom hole pull will automatically be computed 9 Switch off pump pressure constant You can either run in the well with the pump ticking over or shut off the pump and Hold pressure constant If the pump is ticking over then for the fluids to keep flowing the pressure inside the coiled tubing will have to be slightly greater than the pressure in the well at the depth of the coiled tubing plus any pressure drop through the bottom hole assembly Note that in the force analysis computations the pressure drop through the BHA is calculated using zero flow rates 42 On holding the pressure constant the program will assume that the pressure inside the coiled tubing when at surface is equal to the well head pressure plus any pressure drop through the bottom hole assembly Note that you have the option of changing this pressure to anything lower Once the coiled tubing is moved into the well the pump is shut off and the pressure inside th
64. ome buckled rather than moving the end of the coiled tubing further into the well i e additional forces exerted on the upper side of the coiled tubing are not being transmitted to the lower end This criterion can be translated as the point at which force transmission to the bottom of the coiled tubing diminishes however mathematically diminishes is arbitrarily defined i e can be described as a ratio of force out force in being less than 1 or 0 5 or so on while the stress limit is accurately described The criterion for lockup is therefore defined as the point at which the stresses in the coiled tubing reach the minimum yeild stress multiplied by the safety margin specified as the maximum of minimum yield When the coiled tubing goes through sinusoidal and helical buckling bending stresses are induced and these will tend to increase the overall tri axial stress This implies that lockup is the point at which permanent deformation of the coiled tubing takes place 43 Graphs of the Force amp Stress Analysis Module The following graphs are available in this in this module DragGraph This graph presents the predicted weight curves It is a dynamic graph showing the weight predictions when the coiled tubing free end is at the corresponding depth There are several options here Pick Up The weight prediction during pick up If the upper bound option in Compute Drag has been selected then the maximum pull curve will automatically appe
65. on only required for Dynamic Simulations Production Data This group is used for editing data pertinent to the well productivity The production data will affect the Force and Stress Analysis calculations because the produced fluids can exert a drag force on the coiled tubing The produced fluid drag will resist the running in of the coiled tubing and will assist in the picking up Furthermore the well head pressure is used in computing the end force on the coiled tubing 40 coiled tubing This means that the pressure inside the coiled tubing must be at least equal to the well head pressure and any hydrostatic pressure if at depth This assumption is automatically made in the program Y ou can select fluids from the fluids database alternatively enter the following parameters manually e Produced Fluid Density The density of the fluid being produced e Produced Fluid Viscosity The viscosity of the fluid being produced e Well Head Pressure The well head pressure e Flow Rate The flow rate of the produced fluid Production of gas does not affect the weight calculations significantly However care must be taken if productivity is very high and in small casing To enter gas production then average the gas density and compute the flow rate in terms of units of volume of space rather than standard cubic units Use Quick Computations Gas Computations to do the conversions r Production Data C PROGRAM FILES TAS XXX XXX DT4 lt lt Bac
66. osity PV will represent the fluid viscosity a S VG Meter Interpretation OoOo Shear Rate earl Shear Stress Ibs 100 ft sq 300 511 60 600 1022 96 rr i LO RS A AA a Dd cps gt A E YH lbs7100 ftsq y PRINT EXIT 62 Gas Computations Any one of three types of computations can be carried out here Displacement Volume Computes the quantity of gas required to fill the casing or tube Hydrostatic Column Computes the hydrostatic pressure difference between two true vertical depths Volume Factor Computes the compressibility factor z factor of the gas selected Also computes the amount of standard cubic units of measurement per unit of space According to the type of computation selected some parameters will not be required and will automatically dissappear The parameters required are Gas Type Specific Gravity The gas can be either Nitrogen or Natural Gas Natural Gas is further specified by the its specific gravity Tubing Inner Diameter The inside diameter of the tube to be filled with the gas Only required for displacement volume Measured Depth The depth difference between the two depth points Although the terminology uses the words surface and bottom hole the computations will be valid between any two points not necessarily at surface or bottom hole True Vertical Depth The true vertical depth difference between the two points The same logic as in Measured Depth above applies Surface Temperatur
67. oughness The relative roughness is the average size of the surface protrusions compared to the inner diameter You can select components from the casing database or you can enter the data directly into the grid r Casing Open Hole Conduit C PROGRAM FILES TAS XXX XXX D16 ox ecek eos cm New Open File Save File Save File s Units API English C Metric C User defined Convert Units Update Comp Sketch Ticks are 500 ft gt Select Component z Enter Insert Row Delete Row Relative Roughnes 2 x 9 2 Ibs ft x 0 250 0 001 B x 6 4 Ibs ft 4 0 250 0 001 ft New Casing A 0 250 0 0011 6 Open Hole A 0 315 0 001 Compute Well Profile No options are available here The computations will include the well profile and the geometry of the completion The other modules will use the results of the this computation to identify the calculation nodes Calculation nodes along the length of the well are created when this computation is done and the calculation nodes will include any survey points any depths at which there is a completion size change and further calculation nodes will be created at equal intervals determined by the Calculation Interval value entered in the JOB DATA In both the force amp stress analysis and the fluid circulation modules the computations of this module will be automatically included even if not selected Thus if the intention is to carry out a force amp stress analys
68. parate by deviation With this option the user can specify one algorithm for vertical to a given angle then another algorithm from the given angle to horizontal Again the three algorithms listed above will be available to choose from in both cases By default TAS uses Duns and Ros for vertical wells to 60 then Beggs and Brill from 60 to horizontal If the user is not familiar with the effects of changing these algorithms then it is strongly suggested that the default settings are used F Function and Algorithms Multi Phase Flow Algorithms C Duns and Ros Only C Hagedorn and Brown C Beggs and Brill Only Separate by Deviation From vertical then to deviation Duns and Ros Pa C Duns and Ros Beggs and Brill Beggs and Brill d Hagedorn and Brown oan Hagedorn and Brown Cancel Functions and Algorithms 28 User Defined Parameters TAS has a special feature which virtually makes the program programmable This feature allows the user to define new parameters and have TAS compute them in the same way that the embedded parameters are computed The example used here is the equivalent Differential Pressure which has been named as Example Parameter The following equation represents the Differential Pressure Pip P P Where Pay is the differential pressure P is the internal pressure and P is the external pressure The steps followed to create the Example Parameter were
69. ping through T y Liquid Type Newtonian y Compute using fixed Flow Rate Circulating pressure at Bottom Hole Pressure at TD y Liquid Phase Select fluid Oi Circulation depth 10000 feet Density 8 33 Ibs gal Viscosity centi poise Surface tension dynes cm Flow rate barrels min Circulation bottom hole pressure 3200 Well Conditions 1 70 0 7 Surface temperature 60 deg F Bottom hole temperature 220 deg F Gas Phase 500 Flow rate scf min Reservoir Data This group of data relates to the reservoir The reservoir is treated as a single point source sink The following reservoir properties need to be entered Reservoir Pressure The expected static reservoir pressure Reservoir Depth The measured depth of the reservoir not true vertical depth The TAS program will compute the Ture Vertical Depth of the reservoir Produced fluids properties Whether it s oil water or both the produced fluid properties needed are o Fluid Density The reservoir fluid density o Fluid Viscosity The reservoir fluid viscosity Reservoir fluids must be Newtonian o Fluid Surface Tension The reservoir fluid surface tension For oil use 30 dynes cm while for water use 70 dynes cm Water Oil Ratio The ratio of water volumes to oil volumes produced Flow Rate The reservoir production can either be computed by TAS or entered as fixed flow rates You can set the reservoir production either to be computed based on the r
70. ram version being installed e After having unzipped all the sub files locate the program setup exe within C Medco Applications Setup File TASW or C Medco Applications Setup Files TAS disk1 and double click to run e Follow the setup instructions e IMPORTANT If you do not remove a previously installed version of TAS then you may receive a message warning you that SETUP is about to replace a pre existing file and you will be given the option to Cancel Setup you should reply NO you will then get another message asking Are you sure you want to continue to which you should reply YES If you remove a previous installation then you will lose any changes you made to the settings It is suggested that you do not remove a previous installation Instructions to Activate your Copy e If using a hardware security activation key dongle then you need to install a driver for the dongle The driver can be installed using the steps described in the section see Security Activation Key Dongle e For demo versions only click here to download the CopyControl installation program Setup CopyControl in the same manner as per the installation instructions above then run CopyCtrl from START gt PROGRAMS gt CopyCtrl obtain a serial number and send an email to support medcotas com indicating which application is being activated and your company affiliation DataBase Components These components are required and must
71. ravity 2 65 Volume Concentration 5 Min Mesh Size 30 X Gas Lift Valves Mandrels Use this option to include any gas lift mandrels in the well or to simulate a parasite string for injecting gas while performing an under balanced drilling Up to six gas lift valves can be included Depth The depth of the gas lift valve or the parasite string Flow Rate The gas injection rate g Gas Lift Valves Data Cancel Save File As Units API English C Metric C User defined Convert Units Depth feet Flow Rate scf min Gas Lift Valve 1 a A E l Gas Lift Valve 2 poo E Gas Lift Valve 3 lo fo Gas Lift Valve 4 eo o e o Gas Lift Valve 5 e 8 Ort t _ o Gas Lift Valve 6 Eoo E rt i i CS CSY 50 Compute Fluid Circulation This option will perform the fluid circulation computations A fluid circulation module form will appear giving the user the option of resetting the relative roughness inside the coiled tubing and the option to include the effects of sand or cuttings on the flow Another option only available for single phase flow is to reverse circulate i e the fluids will be pumped down the annulus and up the coiled tubing The relative roughness inside the coiled tubing is initially set to the default value for relative roughness or 0 001 which is true for most coiled tubings However if a braided cable exists inside the coiled tubing then this figure should be increased Note that the size of t
72. roll using either the vertical or the horizontal scroll bar To print the well profile use the print option when you are satisfied with the view S 3D Well Profile C TAS DATA GA7 GA7 d15 Depth units are feet Hide a Redraw Y Draw Casing Adjust casing size 5 px AutoScroll Horizontally AutoScroll Vertically AutoScroll Both Move view point to Distance 8000 Tilt 58 Azimuth 164 Move surfaces by Or hide North East VWD North r VD East pr Move focal point to VD Well Profile Report The well profile results include True Vertical Depth Horizontal Distance East and Horizontal Distance North 39 Force and Stress Analysis Module Edit Input Data Mud and Fluid in CT You can have up to three different fluids in the well and one fluid in the coiled tubing All the fluids used in this entry window must be Newtonian fluids and if attempts are made to select other than Newtonian fluids from the fluids database then these will not be accepted The fluids in the well are termed Bottom Mud Intermediate Mud and Surface Mud Each of these fluids as well as the fluid in the coiled tubing will have the following entries Normal practice of running into wells of high well head pressure is to pump some fluid at a slow rate to enable the descent of the coiled tubing into the well without having to overcome too much of an end force on the Weight This the density of the fluid TAS a
73. rough each of the components will be shown in this report In addition if any of the components has nozzles then the fluid velocities through the nozzles will also be shown here F BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY PRESSURE DROPS Report Print Print to File Units API English C Metric C User Defined BHA Component Pressure Drop Velocity through Nozzles Check Valve 0 Not applicable Sequence Valve 3 Not applicable Drill Motor 196 Not applicable Drill Bit 950 54 Quick Computations Common Conversion Factors A table of all the parameter types that are included in the UNITS DATABASE is presented To convert the physical measurements from one unit system to another e select the units used for the known value e enter the value e select the units to which the value is to be converted a Units Conversion Surface Tension dynes cm al Flow Rate Liquid jo 5 Wall Thickness Flow Rate Gas Temperature Productivity Index Oil Gas Oil Ratio Young Modulus A Density Solids lbsZin cu y Stress pi o Mm y 55 CT Burst Collapse Pressures Use this option to plot the coiled tubing burst and collapse pressures versus load The input parameters required are Outer Diameter The coiled tubing outer diameter Wall Thickness The coiled tubing wall thickness Minimum Yield Stress This parameter will already have the default minimum yield stress used in the program You can change this if you wish and it will
74. s the following fields Known Parameter 24 Two options appear in the list of possible known parameters The inner diameter or the wall thickness If you know the inner diameter of the coiled tubing then select inner diameter otherwise select wall thickness Description The description of the record In TAS this parameter does not affect computations Weight Length The weight of the coiled tubing per unit length In TAS this parameter does not affect computations TAS uses the material density of the coiled tubing which is entered in Edit Coiled Tubing Geometry Data Outer Diameter The outer diameter of the coiled tubing In TAS this parameter is used in all computations Depending on your selection of Known Parameter you will either get Inner Diameter or Wall Thickness Inner Diameter The inner diameter of the coiled tubing Used in all TAS computations Wall Thickness The wall thickness of the coiled tubing Using the outer diameter and this parameter TAS will work out the inner diameter Note that TAS will always present the wall thickness to the user in any edit window regardless of the selected known parameter in the database Corrosion Factors Database Two files are associated with this database corr_f def is the structure definition file and corr_f dbs is the actual database file which stores all the records Each record in this database file has the following fields Description The description of
75. st occurs at the intersection of an Outflow Performance curve with the Inflow Performance curve for a specific region of Outflow Performance curve This region is the part of the Outflow Performance curve which has positive slope after having gone through a minimum turning point Where there is no such intersect the well will not be producing for that particular Outflow Performance type At most there will be three such intersections and therefore three production rates Whichever of these is highest gives the ideal production method 52 Units API English Metric Print Job Siphon String Date 29 Dec 2004 Comments Pressure psi 3000 w Performance ow Flow Rate Mscflday annulus Outflow Prod Tube Outflow Sensitivity Analysis Graph If the sensitivity analysis option had been used in the computations then this graph will be enabled The user simply has to select the parameters to be included in the graph and they will be plotted versus the variable selected by the user al Select Curves V Pump Pressure Y Annular Fluid Pressure at2000 feet E i ii Maximum number of curves is 8 Reports of the Fluid Circulation Module In multi phase flows the report is made up of more than one section hence two more command buttons exist Next Page Use this button to view the next part of the report Last Page Use this button to view the previous part of the report Note When print
76. stimate the stuck point again only applicable in vertical wells and subject to the stresses remaining within the elastic range Elastic Stretch This computation will also take into effect the thermal expansion of the coiled tubing as this could have a significant effect on the stretch Thus the input parameters required will outer diameter wall thickness Young s modulus current depth current weight weight of BHA and temperatures Stuck Point Calculation From knowing the amount of stretch that can be achieved subject to a given overpull and constant thermal conditions the stuck point can be estimated The parameters needed here are outer diameter wall thickness Young s modulus stretch seen at surface at a given overpull and the overpull x CT Stuck point calculation in vertical wells Select coiled tubing 45x01099 o Coiled tubing outer diameter 1 5000 fin Coiled tubing wall thickness 0 1090 fin y Material s Young modulus 3 00E 07 psi y Stretch at surface hs fin y Overpull 2500 fleis y COMPUTE 57 CT Fatigue Cycles This option computes the number of cycles that a section of coiled tubing can go through before fatigue failure would occur A cycle is defined as running in and out from the reel and over the gooseneck The input data required includes Outer Diameter The coiled tubing outer diameter Wall Thickness The coiled tubing wall thickness Corrosion Factor Select a corrosion factor from th
77. ter to monitor is 1 Pump Pressure CT Fluid Pressure Annular Fluid Velocity Help F1 Cancel Graphs of the Fluid Circulation Module 51 Fluid Velocities The velocities of the fluids being circulated both in the coiled tubing and in the annulus When multi phase alternate pumping is used as the flow type the fluid velocity in the coiled tubing represents that of the liquid phase Fluid Pressures The pressures of the fluids being circulated both in the coiled tubing and in the annulus When multi phase alternate pumping is used as the flow type the fluid pressure in the coiled tubing represents that of the liquid phase Units Portrait graph with logo Graph without logo API English Metric C User Defined SAVE TO FILE Print Options Clear Comments Fluid Pressure Woking A 1 Job Example 1 Date 29 Dec 2004 Comments Pressure psi 5000 Depth feet Penetration Rates If the Include Sand option was used in the fluid circulation computations then this graph will be enabled This graph presents the recommended penetration rates that will correspond to the sand or cuttings volume being lifted i e at the percentage by volume of the liquid state Velocity String This graph shows curves of Bottom Hole Flowing pressure against Flow Rate for the Inflow Performance and the Outflow Performances of CT Annular and amp Production Tubing Interpretation The Flow Rate or production rate of intere
78. the length of CT that will be used as a velocity string In this case the Annular Outflow performance will not be computed e Liquid Type Options In all flow types liquids exist This option defines the mathematical model to be used to describe the liquid The options available are O Newtonian This model describes a liquid which behaves according to Newton s definition of viscosity Newton s definition is that viscosity is the constant of proportionality between the shear stress and the shear rate Other liquids do not behave according to Newton s definition of viscosity hence the term Non Newtonian fluid Instead the fluid viscosity becomes a function of the shear rate Non Newtonian fluids can also be described as Generalised Newtonian fluids where the viscosity function can be reduced to describe a constant viscosity Newtonian fluids are defined by one parameter the viscosity Power Law This model can describe the behaviour of shear thinning and shear thickening fluids Power law fluids are defined by two parameters the consistency factor K and the power index n Bingham Plastic This model describes fluids that exhibit behaviour somewhat similar to solids in that they have a minimum yield stress to be overcome before the fluid starts to flow Bingham plastic fluids are defined by two parameters the yield point YP and the plastic viscosity PV 46 Fann Rheometer Readings While most fluids rheological behaviour can be suffi
79. tion Note though that you will still be able to enter data for other types of tubulars in the program but the main database that will be displayed will be that of the default tubular Default Language If you have acquired a foreign language supported copy of TAS then use this option to tell the program which language you wish to operate By default the program runs in English F sU Defaults Owner Name MEDCO Default Directory CaProgram Files tas Units API English C Metric C User defined Use Company Logo in Prints Yes C No Change Logo Default graph option Landscape graphwithlogo Screen Resolution 102 Default Tubular Coiled Tubing y Default Language Engin o Owner Copy Options Minimum Maximum and Default Values Each parameter used in the program will be restricted to values between the minimum and maximum values entered here Should the user enter a value outside the range the program will alert the user but not stop and if the user acknowledges that he she wishes to change the value then the program will automatically replace the value by the default value for that type of parameter 31 A RESET button is available to reset all the minimum maximum and default values to those supplied by MEDCO z Default Minimum amp Maximum Values Change Minimum Maximum and Default Values Units API English C Metric C User defined Parameter Units Minimum Maximum Default Coiled Tubing Outer Diamet
80. to obtain that weight on bit 3 WOB at a given Hook Load This option will compute the weight on bit WOB at a given hook load i e at assuming a constant slack off weight Note here that the computations will only be carried out for the interval where the hook load or weight is less than the predicted slack off weight and greater than the minimum slack off weight The reason being that if the required hook load is greater than the predicted slack off weight then you cannot push to bring up the weight to the required hook load and if the hook load is below the minimum slack off weight then lock up will occur before reaching the required hook load 4 Slack off Weight at a given WOB If you are interested in predicting the slack off weight with a constant push force applied at the bottom of the coiled tubing such as a constant WOB then this option will provide this analysis Note that if the WOB exceeds the maximum WOB see Lower Bound below then the computations will stop at the corresponding depth 5 BH Pull at a given Hook Load This is similar to WOB at a given Hook Load 3 except that the bottom hole force is a pull and the hook load represents a pick up weight 6 Pick up Weight at a given BH Pull This is the same as Slack off Weight at a given WOB 4 except that the bottom hole force is a pull and the predicted weight is for pick up 7 Lockup weight lower bound The lower bound is the limit at which the coiled tubing will l
81. ures both inside and outside the coiled tubing will change Changes in the pressure have two main effects the neutral point may be moved this defines the point that separates stable and unstable regions of the coiled tubing and the end force at the bottom of the coiled tubing will change due to changes in the pressure differential across the BHA The circulation pressure will also affect the radial and hoop stresses 2 Hang up Analysis Set down Weight 41 The user has the option of performing a Hang up Analysis Set Down Weight computations at the corresponding running in depth If the coiled tubing happens to lock up before or at the running in depth then the Hang up Set down weight analysis will not be performed The hang up analysis basically means that the program will increment the compressive force at the bottom of the coiled tubing and will actually produce a Force In vs Force Out chart This process is continued until lock up is reached The force in being the force applied at surface and the force out being the force transmitted to the bottom of the coiled tubing as a result of applying the force in There are several instances where this type of analysis is useful When setting a bridge plug for example it is often necessary to test the setting by performing a set down weight test or when drilling with coiled tubing the user is interested in finding out how much weight on bit can be achieved and what should be the weight at surface
82. well have been lifted It should be noted here that this type of computation should be repeated for the various stages of the gas lifting process Siphon String No pumping is taking place This option is for evaluating the outflow performance of the well through a siphon string Siphon strings also known as velocity strings are normally used to unload gas wells that are producing some condensate After the well has been producing and depletion takes place the reservoir productivity will decline resulting in reduced gas velocity If the gas velocity in the production string becomes too low to the extent that it is not capable of lifting the condensate droplets then accumulation of the condensate will occur and at some stage the hydrostatic of the condensate in the well will stop the well from flowing The alternative is to insert a smaller production string which will increase the gas velocity thereby unloading the condensate The production path can be through the coiled tubing but it can also be through the gap between the coiled tubing and the existing production string The siphon string option will perform the flow computations for three cases of outflow being the CT Outflow Annular Outflow and the Production Tubing Outflow in addition to the Inflow Performance If the Velcoity String is only to be partially installed in the well i e does not extend to surface then the length of the CT string in Edit Coiled Tubing Geometry should represent
83. will equally apply to many different applications in the oil and gas industry For example force amp stress analysis algorithms were derived for well tubulars such as drill pipe and casings while the applications include coiled tubing and wireline too Similarly the fluid circulation module can be used for coiled tubing drill pipe under balanced drilling and many other fluid circulation applications Installation TAS can be installed on any IBM compatible PC with Windows 32 bit platform as an operating system The PC must have a USB port The USB port is only needed for the security activation key dongle Installation Instructions e Installation files are normally zipped together e All the files are self extracting When a file is opened the user will be prompted to confirm the path to which the files will be extracted For example the self extracting files will unzip to C Medco Applications Setup Files TAS e Once the main file has been unzipped i e files extracted use Windows Explorer to open the folder to which the files were extracted for Windows explorer right click on START then select EXPLORE e Within the folder there may be more self extracting files that should be unzipped within the same folder and they will automatically unzip to C Medco Applications Setup Files TAS disk1 and C Medco Applications Setup Files TAS disk2 and so forth depending on the number of disks associated with the prog
84. y and prepare to take new values e OPEN FILE This is used to open and load data from a file The data in this case is only relating to the current edit window Note that by opening a file you will not be able to CANCEL the changes made to the data in the program memory e SAVE FILE Using this button will save the current values in the current file and will also commit the changes made in the current edit window to the program memory e SAVE FILE AS Using this button will save the current values in a file to be specified by the user and will also commit the changes made in the current edit window to the program memory The following list shows the order of the edit windows that is used in TAS 1 Header Information Coiled Tubing Data Job Data Bottom Hole Assembly Survey Data Completion Data Mud and Fluid in CT Data Production Data Fluid Data Reservoir Data Sand Data Gas Lift Valves CSCAAANAM EWN pa pl pu Nm o Units There are three units systems implemented in TAS The first conforms to the API English standards the second conforms to the API Metric standards while the third can be defined by the user and can use a mixture of various units systems and non standard units see User Defined Units Selecting one of the above options merely tells TAS that the units used in this edit window are of the current option type To actually convert the current values from one units system to another the Convert Units

Tubing Analysis System TAS User Manual

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