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HiQ User Manual - National Instruments

1. 4 24 Block Escape Statements 4 25 Next 4 25 Exit 4 26 Return 4 26 User Defined Functions 4 27 Defining Functions 4 27 Programmatically Defining Functions in HiQ Script 4 29 Call by Reference 4 29 Calling HiQ Built In Functions 4 30 Using Function Name as a Parameter 4 30 Performance Issues 4 31 Interacting with the User 4 32 Prompting for Input 4 32 Displaying Error Messages and Warnings 4 33 Formatting N
2. 5 24 return 5 25 select 5 26 Simple Assignment 5 27 while 5 27 Appendix Customer Communication Glossary Index Figures Figure 2 1 An Object in Active Mode 2 1 Figure 3 1 Clicking and Dragging to Place a 2D Graph Object on a Notebook Page 3 6 Figure 3 2 A 2D Graph Object in Place and in Active Editing Mode 3 7 Figure 3 3 Rename Object Dialog Box 3 19 Figure 3 4 Insert Object Dialog Box Showing Some of the ActiveX Documents That You Can Insert into HiQ 3 25 Figure 3 5 The Delete View and Delete Object Menu Items 3 26 Tables Table 4 1 Characteristics of Objects 4 4 Table 4 2 Characteristics of Numeric Objects
3. 4 18 Logical Operators 4 18 Statements 4 18 Keywords 4 19 Declaration Statements 4 20 Assignment Statements 4 20 Simple Assignment 4 21 Multiple Assignment 4 21 01titleTOC fm Page vii Tuesday November 26 1996 3 56 PM Contents HiQ User Manual viii National Instruments Corporation Iteration Statements 4 21 For 4 21 While 4 22 Repeat 4 23 Flow Control Statements 4 23 If 4 23 Select
4. 4 5 Table 5 1 Valid Operations between Different Numeric Object Types 5 5 01titleTOC fm Page ix Tuesday November 26 1996 3 56 PM National Instruments Corporation xi HiQ User Manual Preface This preface tells you about your HiQ documentation which consists of online documentation and this HiQ User Manual Overview of the HiQ Documentation HiQ s comprehensive online documentation puts reference information where you can access it quickly as you use HiQ You will want to consult HiQ online help frequently There you will find information not available in the user manual such as the following resources Answers to How Do I questions Context sensitive help for buttons and many other items in the user interface Comprehensive easy to use information regarding the HiQ built in functions For an overview of HiQ built in functions consult the section An Interactive Analysis Environment in Chapter 1 Getting Started or the topic Built In Functions in online help The HiQ User Manual describes how to install and begin using HiQ to solve your data analysis and visualization problems It includes exercises to help you feel comfortable with the basic features of HiQ such as graph objects or the HiQ script language It also contains useful reference information to help you write scripts The HiQ User Manual is designed to help you start usin
5. 4 12 Graphing Data 4 12 Graph Objects 4 13 Plot Objects 4 13 Script Objects 4 14 Function Objects 4 14 Color 4 15 Font 4 16 Object Attributes 4 16 Expressions 4 16 Operator Precedence 4 16 Function Calls 4 17 Algebraic Expressions 4 17 Algebraic Operators 4 17 Matrix and Vector Algebra 4 17 Logical Expressions
6. xi Using Your Online Documentation xi Accessing Online Help xii Organization of HiQ Online Help xii Organization of the User Manual xiii Conventions Used in HiQ Documentation xiii Customer Communication xiv Chapter 1 Getting Started System Requirements 1 1 Installing HiQ 1 1 Launching HiQ 1 2 Learning HiQ 1 2 The HiQ Notebook 1 3 An Organizational Tool
7. 3 12 Running the Script and Viewing the Output 3 14 Upgrading a Notebook to a Problem Solver 3 15 Providing Input to the Problem Solver 3 15 Connecting Your Script to Input Objects 3 19 Finishing Touches for My Expression Evaluator Notebook 3 21 Using Property Pages 3 22 Taking Advantage of ActiveX Instead 3 25 Adding an ActiveX Object to the Page 3 25 Deleting Objects and Object Views 3 25 Deleting the View of an Object from a Page 3 26 Deleting an Object from a Notebook 3 26 01titleTOC fm Page vi Tuesday November 26 1996 3 56 PM Contents National Instruments Corporation vii HiQ User Manual Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script Introduction to HiQ Script 4 1 Objects in HiQ Script
8. 1 3 An Interactive Analysis Environment 1 3 Linear Algebra 1 4 Data Fitting and Interpolation 1 4 Optimization 1 5 Statistics 1 5 Differential Equations 1 5 Nonlinear Analysis 1 5 Integration 1 5 Differentiation 1 6 Polynomials 1 6 ActiveX Environment 1 6 Putting It All Together 1 7 Inspecting some Example Notebooks 1 7 Working with Multiple Windows
9. 4 1 Naming Conventions 4 2 External Statements and Functions 4 2 Scope of Variables 4 3 Comments 4 3 Constants 4 3 Syntax Highlighting 4 3 Introduction to HiQ Object Types 4 4 Numeric Objects 4 5 Automatic Data Type Promotion 4 5 Complex Numeric Types 4 5 Scalar Object Types 4 6 Vector and Matrix Object Types 4 6 Polynomials 4 10 Text Objects 4 10 Graphical Objects
10. 3 1 Importing a Text File as a Text Object 3 3 Importing a Text File as a Numeric Object 3 4 Importing a Binary File as a Numeric Object 3 4 Using the Custom Import Mode 3 5 Visualizing Data in 2D and 3D Graphs 3 5 Visualizing Rainfall Data 2D Graph 3 5 Creating a Graph 3 6 Plotting a HiQ Data Object 3 7 Modifying the Graph and Plot 3 8 Working with Multiple Plots in a Graph 3 8 Visualizing Seismic Data 3D Graph 3 9 Modifying a 3D Graph and Plot 3 10 Rotating and Zooming a 3D Graph 3 11 Analyzing Data with HiQ Script 3 11 Entering Your Script
11. Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script describes the HiQ Script programming language in detail focusing on HiQ objects and their attributes Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference contains descriptions of HiQ Script expressions and statements Appendix Customer Communication contains forms you can use to request help from National Instruments or to comment on our products and manuals The Glossary contains an alphabetical list and descriptions of terms used in this manual including abbreviations and acronyms The Index contains an alphabetical list of key terms and topics in this manual including the page where you can find each one Conventions Used in HiQ Documentation The following conventions are used in this manual lt gt Angle brackets enclose the name of a key on the keyboard for example lt Option gt Angle brackets also enclose names of constants in the HiQ Script language A hyphen between two or more key names enclosed in angle brackets denotes that you should simultaneously press the named keys for example lt Control Alt Delete gt The symbol leads you through nested menu items and dialog box options to a final action The sequence Notebook Create Polynomial Complex directs you to pull down the Notebook menu select the Create 05atm fm Page xiii Tuesday November 26 1996 3 57 PM Preface HiQ User Manual xiv National Instruments Corporation item select P
12. 1 7 Interacting with a Notebook and Running Scripts 1 7 Accessing Online Help 1 8 Using the Getting Started Tutorial 1 8 01titleTOC fm Page v Tuesday November 26 1996 3 56 PM Contents HiQ User Manual vi National Instruments Corporation Chapter 2 Using a Notebook Understanding Objects 2 1 Notebook Example Data Fitting 2 2 Opening a Notebook 2 2 Running the Script 2 3 Viewing the Object List 2 4 Notebook Example Expression Evaluator Problem Solver 2 5 Entering Data and Running Scripts 2 6 Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook Getting Your Data into HiQ
13. National Instruments Corporation 3 9 HiQ User Manual 4 Change the Line Interpolation from linear to cubic spline and click on OK Your final graph should look like the one in the following illustration Visualizing Seismic Data 3D Graph For many real world data sets for example terrain contours the motion of an aircraft in three dimensions the temperature distribution on a surface and joint time frequency analysis you need to visualize data in three dimensions The next example shows how to plot the results of a joint time frequency analysis of seismographic data 1 Open a new Notebook 2 Place a 3D graph object on the Notebook page A preceding section Creating a Graph describes placement of an object 3 Right click on the graph and select New Plot 4 Select File as the range and click on the Browse button to the right 5 Select the file seismic dat from the Examples Data folder and click on Open 6 Select Plot Against Indices 7 Click on OK to add the new plot Note Selecting Plot Against Indices plots the data using the row index for x and the column index for y 06chap03 fm Page 9 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook HiQ User Manual 3 10 National Instruments Corporation Modifying a 3D Graph and Plot In addition to the properties of 2D graphs 3D graphs have several other properties You access all the properties from the Properties dialog
14. MyGraph createGraph lt graph2D gt You can think of a graph object as a container for any number of plots A graph has many attributes that you can set For example to set the title you enter the following statement MyGraph title My Graph You can also set attributes for the axes on a graph To do this use axis in front of the axis attribute For a 2D graph you can set the axis titles as in the following examples MyGraph axis x title x Axis MyGraph axis y title y Axis You can also place these attributes on the right side of an assignment as in this example theTitle MyGraph title The object theTitle now contains the text of the graph title Plot Objects The createPlot function creates a 2D or 3D plot object given a set of data The following code creates a 2D line plot of the vectors x and y myPlot createPlot x y Like other objects plots have many attributes that you can alter using the object attribute notation the dot syntax See the table of plot attributes in the Object Attribute Reference section of HiQ Online Help for a complete list For example if you want to set the coordinate system and title of a plot you can add the following statements myPlot coordinateSystem lt polar gt myPlot title My Data You can learn more about using plots and graphs by reviewing the example Notebooks in the Examples folder 06chap04 fm Page 13 Tuesday November 26
15. You can view context sensitive help in two ways For menus a help topic appears in the status bar at the bottom of a HiQ Notebook as you move the mouse pointer over the menu items Within other areas of the HiQ user interface such as dialog boxes you see the Help button After you click on the Help button context sensitive help appears for the next item that you click on Note You can also use the lt F1 gt key to access context sensitive help for a selected item or for an area where the insertion point is located For example when your insertion point is located in a script within the name of a HiQ built in function help for that function appears when you press lt F1 gt Using the Getting Started Tutorial A good way to learn about using and creating your own Notebooks is to complete the Getting Started tutorial If you have never used HiQ it is recommended that you work through the tutorial because it introduces several key interface elements The tutorial can be accessed by selecting Help Topics in the Help menu Then in the help Contents tab select the topic Getting Started With HiQ and follow the instructions on your screen A tutorial help window appears that guides you through the process of creating a simple HiQ Notebook 06chap01 fm Page 8 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 57 PM National Instruments Corporation 2 1 HiQ User Manual Chapter2 Using a Notebook This chapter introduces the fundamental features o
16. Bulletin Board Support FTP Support 09ccapp fm Page 1 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 02 PM Fax on Demand is a 24 hour information retrieval system containing a library of documents on a wide range of technical information You can access Fax on Demand from a touch tone telephone at 512 418 1111 You can submit technical support questions to the appropriate applications engineering team through e mail at the Internet address listed below Remember to include your name address and phone number so we can contact you with solutions and suggestions support natinst com Fax and Telephone Support National Instruments has branch offices all over the world Use the list below to find the technical support number for your country If there is no National Instruments office in your country contact the source from which you purchased your software to obtain support Telephone Fax Australia 03 9879 5166 03 9879 6277 Austria 0662 45 79 90 0 0662 45 79 90 19 Belgium 02 757 00 20 02 757 03 11 Canada Ontario 905 785 0085 905 785 0086 Canada Quebec 514 694 8521 514 694 4399 Denmark 45 76 26 00 45 76 26 02 Finland 09 527 2321 09 502 2930 France 01 48 14 24 24 01 48 14 24 14 Germany 089 741 31 30 089 714 60 35 Hong Kong 2645 3186 2686 8505 Israel 03 5734815 03 5734816 Italy 02 413091 02 41309215 Japan 03 5472 2970 03 5472 2977 Korea 02 596 7456 02 596 7455 Mexico 5 520 2635 5 520 3282 Netherlands 0348 433466
17. The for loop in HiQ Script is optimized for speed An equivalent while or repeat loop can be significantly slower depending on the number of statements in the loop See the Block Escape Statements section later in this chapter for methods of breaking out of a for loop While The while statement takes the following general form while logical_expression do statements end while In the preceding statement logical_expression is any valid HiQ Script logical expression A simple example is as follows while i lt 5 do x sin theta i i 1 end while Notice that while checks the logical expression before executing the statements within the loop If the logical expression tests false initially the statements inside the loop are never executed See the Block Escape Statements section later in this chapter for methods of breaking out of the while loop 06chap04 fm Page 22 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 23 HiQ User Manual Repeat A repeat loop works similarly to the while construct except that it checks the validity of the logical expression after executing the statements within the loop A repeat statement always executes at least once and requires the following general form repeat statements end repeat when logical_expression In the preceding statement logical_expression is any valid HiQ Script logical expression The following
18. fileIn copy All files 1 Save Copy As inID open fileIn rb data import inID string outID open fileOut wb export outID data close inID close outID end if Displaying Error Messages and Warnings While it is important not to create too many error messages you should keep the needs of your users foremost Sometimes a script cannot generate a correct solution without user input Your error messages and warnings can help users stay on track 06chap04 fm Page 33 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 34 National Instruments Corporation Consider a case where a user gives erroneous input for a function in a script and you want to inform the user of the error function invSqrt x if x lt 0 then error Input must be greater than zero in invSqrt else return 1 sqrt x end if end function If the input is less than or equal to zero the built in function error is called which displays a message and terminates the function Sometimes you may want to display an informational message without terminating the script This is particularly useful for debugging scripts Consider the following script which displays the current time message The time is time Sometimes it is useful to allow the user to decide what to do The following script looks for a particular file The loop exits when it finds the file Ever
19. statement statement statement end for 06chap04 fm Page 25 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 26 National Instruments Corporation Exit You use the exit statement to escape entirely from a specified loop Furthermore you may escape from more than one loop with a single invocation of the exit statement The exit statement takes the following general forms exit statement_keyword exit count plural_statement_keyword exit all plural_statement_keyword For example the following script contains three nested for loops with an exit statement which breaks to the outer for loop for i 1 to 100 step 2 do for j 1 to 10 do for k 1 to 20 do theta 005 j k r if theta gt 0 5 then exit 2 fors breaks to the outer for loop end if end for end for end for You can break out of all specific types of iteration statements such as for or repeat loops with commands like the following exit all fors or exit all repeats You can break out from all types of blocks with statements like the following exit 2 blocks or exit all blocks Return The return statement causes an exit from a user defined function and optionally returns the result of the expression This is useful for defining functions that work like sin x The following example code creates a function f which works exactly like the built in function sin func
20. 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 14 National Instruments Corporation Script Objects Inside HiQ Script a script object can only be initialized converted to text or saved to a file The import function can initialize a script object with an assignment statement The toText function can convert a script object to a text object The export function can save a script object to a file Function Objects To create or initialize a function in HiQ you can use a special initialization syntax Refer to the Function Initialization Operator section in Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference for more information The syntax of this operator joins a function name a parameter list and a string as follows function_name parameter_list body This operator is useful for generating more generic scripts that are possibly based on a user changing a string as in the following example myText x 2 myFunc function x myText myFunc x The following script is equivalent to the preceding script Both create a single statement function function myFunc x return x 2 end function myFunc x The utility of this function becomes more apparent when the input string is a text object containing user input As in the example above myText x 2 a text object used to create a single statement function must not contain a semicolon A text object used to create a multiple statement function
21. Comments Your statement must include function If you omit that string HiQ assumes you are creating a matrix You can abbreviate the word function with f See Also Matrix Initialization Operator Vector Initialization Operator Polynomial Initialization Operator Color Initialization Operator Font Initialization Operator Font Initialization Operator Purpose Creates a font from a set of expressions Syntax font name size Name Description arglist A comma delimited list of arguments to be passed into the generated function This parameter is optional if omitted you must also omit the colon that follows body A string containing a valid expression which doesn t contain a semi colon or a complete function body In the first case the expression is placed into a function as follows function name arglist assume project return body end function In the second case the function is generated as function name arglist assume project body end function 06chap05 fm Page 15 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference HiQ User Manual 5 16 National Instruments Corporation Syntax Descriptions Comments Your statement must include font If you omit that string HiQ assumes you are creating a matrix You can abbreviate the word font with fo See Also Matrix Initialization Operator Vector Initialization Operator Polynomial Initialization Operator Color Initi
22. and descriptions Linear Algebra HiQ provides comprehensive linear algebra functionality including the following items Complete vector and matrix algebra using the natural intuitive linear algebra syntax in HiQ Script Vector and matrix norms such as Euclidean Lp and infinity Eigenvalue and eigenvector analysis Linear system solvers Matrix decompositions such as LUD SVD QRD Schur and others Vector and matrix transformations Data Fitting and Interpolation Data fitting is an excellent tool for gaining insight into real world data HiQ offers a very flexible suite of data fitting and interpolation tools including the following items Line exponential polynomial and Gauss function data fitting Single and multiple dimension nonlinear data fitting Linear data fitting using a set of basis functions Polynomial interpolation Spline interpolation including cubic splines b splines and polynomial splines 06chap01 fm Page 4 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 57 PM Chapter 1 Getting Started National Instruments Corporation 1 5 HiQ User Manual Optimization With HiQ s optimization routines you can minimize the cost of producing a product maximize the capital gains in a financial portfolio or minimize time required to perform a task HiQ s optimization capability includes the following items Nonlinear single and multiple dimension optimiza
23. 0348 430673 Norway 32 84 84 00 32 84 86 00 Singapore 2265886 2265887 Spain 91 640 0085 91 640 0533 Sweden 08 730 49 70 08 730 43 70 Switzerland 056 200 51 51 056 200 51 55 Taiwan 02 377 1200 02 737 4644 U K 01635 523545 01635 523154 Fax on Demand Support E Mail Support currently U S only 09ccapp fm Page 2 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 02 PM Technical Support Form Photocopy this form and update it each time you make changes to your software or hardware and use the completed copy of this form as a reference for your current configuration Completing this form accurately before contacting National Instruments for technical support helps our applications engineers answer your questions more efficiently If you are using any National Instruments hardware or software products related to this problem include the configuration forms from their user manuals Include additional pages if necessary Name __________________________________________________________________________ Company _______________________________________________________________________ Address ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Fax ___ ___________________ Phone ___ ________________________________________ Computer brand ________________ Model ________________ Processor___________________ Operating system include version number
24. 06chap01 fm Page 1 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 57 PM Chapter 1 Getting Started HiQ User Manual 1 2 National Instruments Corporation Installing from CD ROM 1 Insert the CD in the CD ROM drive of your computer 2 Follow the Setup instructions you see on your screen By default the HiQ installation routine creates a new folder C Program Files National Instruments HiQ which contains the following items Program folder contains HiQ exe HiQ help files and related files Examples folder contains example Notebooks demonstrating many of the analysis and visualization capabilities of HiQ organized by category Readme txt file contains late breaking information on HiQ known bugs and corrections Note Be sure to read the Readme txt file for the latest information on HiQ Launching HiQ To launch HiQ choose one of the following options Option 1 Use the Start button 1 Click on the Windows Start button and select the Programs menu 2 Select the HiQ submenu 3 Click on the HiQ icon Option 2 Use Windows Explorer 1 Locate the HiQ executable hiq exe in Windows Explorer 2 Double click on hiq exe Learning HiQ Use the following resources to quickly learn about HiQ Explore the Welcome to HiQ Notebook in the Examples folder This Notebook gives an overview of the features and capabilities of HiQ It is recommended that you read through the Welcome to HiQ Note
25. 16 function objects 4 14 to 4 15 graphical objects 4 12 to 4 13 embedded plots 4 12 graph objects 4 13 plot objects 4 13 important points 2 2 interacting with objects 2 1 logical objects not available note 4 4 naming conventions 4 2 numeric objects 4 5 to 4 10 automatic data type promotion 4 5 case sensitivity of function and variable names note 4 6 characteristics table 4 5 complex numeric types 4 5 to 4 6 importing binary files 3 4 to 3 5 importing text files 3 4 polynomials 4 10 scalar object types 4 6 vector and matrix object types 4 6 to 4 10 overview 4 1 script objects 4 14 text objects importing text files 3 3 to 3 4 purpose and use 4 10 to 4 11 online help accessing xi xii 1 8 organization of HiQ online help xii operator precedence 4 16 to 4 17 See also precedence operator optimization routines 1 5 P performance issues 4 31 to 4 32 period See attribute operator plot objects 4 13 See also graphical objects plots embedded plots 4 12 plot handle 4 12 polynomial initialization operator 5 13 polynomials overview 1 6 using in scripts 4 10 precedence operator overriding default precedence 4 16 to 4 17 precedence rules table 5 2 syntax and description 5 1 to 5 2 problem solver ActiveX objects 3 25 to 3 26 adding object to page 3 25 deleting objects and object views 3 25 to 3 26 native objects vs ActiveX objects note 3 25 connecting script to input object
26. 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 3 HiQ User Manual Scope of Variables HiQ has two scopes for variables local and project A local variable exists only inside a function definition and only while the script is executing that function When the function exits the variable no longer exists On the other hand a project variable is visible to the Notebook and thus continues to exist after a function exits Project variables appear in the Object list The default scope is local inside a function otherwise the default scope is project Comments You can insert comments into a HiQ script Comments are ignored and do not increase the execution time of a script The comment notation is a double slash The compiler ignores any text following these characters on a line This is a comment that begins a line a 1 This is a comment that follows the statement Constants HiQ Script contains many useful constants While mathematical constants can be used in any statement other constants only make sense when used with specific functions or object attributes All HiQ constants are enclosed in angle brackets lt gt For example you would insert the constant pi in a line of script as follows x 2 lt pi gt freq In the following example the constant lt L2 gt specifies a type of norm for the norm function y norm x lt L2 gt A complete list of constan
27. Comment Form National Instruments encourages you to comment on the documentation supplied with our products This information helps us provide quality products to meet your needs Title HiQ User Manual Edition Date October 1996 Part Number 321063A 01 Please comment on the completeness clarity and organization of the manual _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ If you find errors in the manual please record the page numbers and describe the errors _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
28. Creates a color from a set of expressions Syntax color red green blue Name Description list List option 1 A comma delimited list of algebraic expressions Vectors and matrices of single rows or columns are allowed List option 2 A string of the form shown in the following example x 3 3x 2 3 06chap05 fm Page 13 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference HiQ User Manual 5 14 National Instruments Corporation Syntax Descriptions Comments Your statement must include color If you omit that string HiQ assumes that you are creating a matrix You can abbreviate the word color with c The values provided should be within the range 0 255 Values outside the range are legal but are constrained to the range See Also Matrix Initialization Operator Vector Initialization Operator Polynomial Initialization Operator Function Initialization Operator Font Initialization Operator Function Initialization Operator Purpose Creates a function from a set of expressions Syntax function arglist body Name Description red Integer value of the red component of an RGB color green Integer value of the green component of an RGB color blue Integer value of the blue component of an RGB color 06chap05 fm Page 14 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference National Instruments Corporation 5 15 HiQ User Manual Syntax Descriptions
29. Getting Started with HiQ contains a tutorial that guides you through the process of building your own Notebook How Do I topics are a series of small help windows that describe fundamental operations in HiQ The topic HiQ User Manual contains a complete online version of this manual The topic Built In Functions contains descriptions of each built in function in HiQ You can access the function descriptions through either an alphabetical list or a categorical list This section also provides information on the function categories analysis functions graphical functions and utility functions 05atm fm Page xii Tuesday November 26 1996 3 57 PM Preface National Instruments Corporation xiii HiQ User Manual Organization of the User Manual The HiQ User Manual is organized as follows Chapter 1 Getting Started tells you how to install and launch HiQ and suggests ways to learn exactly what you need to know to begin analyzing your data and visualizing solutions Chapter 2 Using a Notebook introduces the fundamental features of the HiQ Notebook interface The Notebook is the starting point from which you access all the tools and capabilities of HiQ Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook shows you how to create a Notebook to visualize data and how to create a Notebook to analyze data The chapter also introduces more features of the HiQ interface and aspects of the HiQ Script programming language
30. HiQ Script and natinst com are trademarks of National Instruments Corporation Product and company names listed are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies WARNING REGARDING MEDICAL AND CLINICAL USE OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS National Instruments products are not designed with components and testing intended to ensure a level of reliability suitable for use in treatment and diagnosis of humans Applications of National Instruments products involving medical or clinical treatment can create a potential for accidental injury caused by product failure or by errors on the part of the user or application designer Any use or application of National Instruments products for or involving medical or clinical treatment must be performed by properly trained and qualified medical personnel and all traditional medical safeguards equipment and procedures that are appropriate in the particular situation to prevent serious injury or death should always continue to be used when National Instruments products are being used National Instruments products are NOT intended to be a substitute for any form of established process procedure or equipment used to monitor or safeguard human health and safety in medical or clinical treatment 02warr fm Page 3 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 55 PM National Instruments Corporation v HiQ User Manual Contents Preface Overview of the HiQ Documentation
31. Name Description variable_list Comma delimited list of variable names 06chap05 fm Page 23 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference HiQ User Manual 5 24 National Instruments Corporation repeat Purpose Repeatedly executes a block of statements until a condition is true Evaluation of the condition is done after the statements are executed Syntax repeat statements end repeat when condition Syntax Descriptions See Also for while repeat forever repeat forever Purpose Repeatedly executes a block of statements Exit from this block of statements only occurs as a result of a return or exit statement Syntax repeat forever statements end repeat Name Description condition Logical expression Until this expression evaluates to a non zero result the block of statements is repeatedly executed statements Zero or more statements 06chap05 fm Page 24 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference National Instruments Corporation 5 25 HiQ User Manual Syntax Descriptions Comments The only way to exit this loop is to have an exit or return statement inside it A compilation error results if there is no exit or return statement See Also for while repeat return Purpose Exits a function If an expression is specified then that expression is returned to the calling function Syntax return return algebraic_expression Syntax D
32. Purpose Defines the scope of a list of variables to be local Syntax local variable_list Syntax Descriptions Comments If a variable is not specifically declared to be local or project then the variable is local if used in a user defined function block and is project if outside a user defined function block See Also assume project and Scope of Variables section in Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script next Purpose In an iteration statement causes execution to advance to the beginning of the next iteration In a select statement causes execution to advance to the next case Syntax next statement_keyword Name Description variable_list Comma delimited list of variable names 06chap05 fm Page 22 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference National Instruments Corporation 5 23 HiQ User Manual Syntax Descriptions See Also select for while repeat project Purpose Defines the scope of a list of variables to be project Syntax project variable_list Syntax Descriptions Comments If a variable is not specifically declared to be local or project then the variable is local if used in a user defined function block and is project if outside a user defined function block See Also assume local and Scope of Variables section in Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script Name Description statement_keyword A keyword from the following list case for while repeat
33. S RIGHT TO RECOVER DAMAGES CAUSED BY FAULT OR NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT THERETOFORE PAID BY THE CUSTOMER NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOSS OF DATA PROFITS USE OF PRODUCTS OR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF This limitation of the liability of National Instruments will apply regardless of the form of action whether in contract or tort including negligence Any action against National Instruments must be brought within one year after the cause of action accrues National Instruments shall not be liable for any delay in performance due to causes beyond its reasonable control The warranty provided herein does not cover damages defects malfunctions or service failures caused by owner s failure to follow the National Instruments installation operation or maintenance instructions owner s modification of the product owner s abuse misuse or negligent acts and power failure or surges fire flood accident actions of third parties or other events outside reasonable control Copyright Under the copyright laws this publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording storing in an information retrieval system or translating in whole or in part without the prior written consent of National Instruments Corporation Trademarks HiQ
34. Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook National Instruments Corporation 3 23 HiQ User Manual 2 Click on the View tab in the Properties dialog box 3 Click on the Background Color button A color palette appears 4 Select a gray from the Basic colors section of the Color dialog box 5 Click on OK 6 Click on Change Font The font dialog box appears 7 Change the font style to bold and the point size to 12 Then click on OK 8 Click on Apply and then OK to apply and save your changes to the text object Fonts and color properties are among the many properties that you can change in HiQ You may want to explore the properties of other objects to become familiar with the HiQ Properties dialog boxes and learn how a Notebook can be touched up to become an appealing user interface or 06chap03 fm Page 23 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook HiQ User Manual 3 24 National Instruments Corporation technical report The final draft of My Expression Evaluator Notebook might look like this one Now that you have finished touching up My Expression Evaluator Notebook print out a hard copy 1 Select Print from the File menu 2 Choose your settings 3 Click on OK You now have a printed version of your new Notebook For examples of how to create other Notebooks including problem solvers be sure to refer to your Examples folder in the HiQ fo
35. and running script 2 6 to 2 7 illustration 2 6 expression syntax reference 5 1 to 5 16 attribute operator 5 2 to 5 3 binary algebraic operators 5 3 to 5 5 binary logical operators 5 5 to 5 7 color initialization operator 5 13 to 5 14 font initialization operator 5 15 to 5 16 function initialization operator 5 14 to 5 15 left side unary algebraic operators 5 7 to 5 8 matrix initialization operator 5 12 polynomial initialization operator 5 13 precedence operator 5 1 to 5 2 right side unary algebraic operators 5 8 to 5 9 subscript operator 5 10 to 5 11 unary logical operators 5 9 to 5 10 vector initialization operator 5 11 to 5 12 expressions 4 16 to 4 18 algebraic expressions 4 17 function calls 4 17 logical expressions 4 18 operator precedence 4 16 to 4 17 external statements and functions 4 2 F fax and telephone support A 2 FaxBack support A 2 flow control statements 4 23 to 4 25 if 4 23 to 4 24 select 4 24 to 4 25 font initialization operator 5 15 to 5 16 font objects 4 16 See also property pages for statement purpose and use 4 21 to 4 22 syntax and description 5 18 formatting numbers 4 34 to 4 35 FTP support A 1 function call statement 5 19 to 5 20 function calls 4 17 function initialization operator purpose and use 4 14 to 4 15 syntax and description 5 14 to 5 15 function statement 5 19 functions user defined See user defined functions G getting started with HiQ See also No
36. and workmanship for a period of 90 days from date of shipment as evidenced by receipts or other documentation National Instruments will at its option repair or replace software media that do not execute programming instructions if National Instruments receives notice of such defects during the warranty period National Instruments does not warrant that the operation of the software shall be uninterrupted or error free A Return Material Authorization RMA number must be obtained from the factory and clearly marked on the outside of the package before any equipment will be accepted for warranty work National Instruments will pay the shipping costs of returning to the owner parts which are covered by warranty National Instruments believes that the information in this manual is accurate The document has been carefully reviewed for technical accuracy In the event that technical or typographical errors exist National Instruments reserves the right to make changes to subsequent editions of this document without prior notice to holders of this edition The reader should consult National Instruments if errors are suspected In no event shall National Instruments be liable for any damages arising out of or related to this document or the information contained in it EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED HEREIN NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS MAKES NO WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE CUSTOMER
37. box For example you may want to change the color of the surface plot and project the data to both the XZ and YZ planes 1 Right click on the graph and select Properties To modify the 3D Plot 2 Click on the Plots tab 3 Change the surface color to red 4 Click on the Pane button on the lower left side to go to the second pane of the Plots property page 5 Select Project to X Z Plane and Project to Y Z Plane 6 Click on OK Note The Plots property page for 3D graphs has two panes Click on the Pane buttons in the lower left of the page to move between the panes The following illustration shows a graph like the one you have created that displays data regarding seismic activity as a function of time and frequency Experiment with the other 3D property pages 3D and Lighting to become more familiar with the flexibility of display formats for 3D 06chap03 fm Page 10 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook National Instruments Corporation 3 11 HiQ User Manual graphs You can position the graph directly using the mouse and the keyboard The following section outlines how to use the mouse to position the graph Rotating and Zooming a 3D Graph After you put a 3D graph into active mode you can position it using the mouse and the lt Ctrl gt key Note You click on a graph object to put it into active mode the mode for editing the graph a shaded border appears around
38. for 5 18 function 5 19 function call 5 19 to 5 20 if 5 20 to 5 21 local 5 22 next 5 22 to 5 23 project 5 23 repeat 5 24 repeat forever 5 24 to 5 25 return 5 25 select 5 26 simple assignment 5 27 while 5 27 to 5 28 statements 4 18 to 4 28 assignment statements 4 20 to 4 21 block escape statements 4 25 to 4 27 declaration statements 4 20 flow control statements 4 23 to 4 25 iteration statements 4 21 to 4 23 keywords 4 19 to 4 20 statistics 1 5 strings See text objects subscript operator 5 10 to 5 11 subscripting vector and matrix object types 4 7 to 4 9 syntax highlighting 4 3 system requirements 1 1 T technical support A 1 to A 2 text files importing as numeric object 3 4 as text object 3 3 to 3 4 text objects importing text files 3 3 to 3 4 purpose and use 4 10 to 4 11 11index fm Page 7 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 04 PM Index HiQ User Manual I 8 National Instruments Corporation three dimensional 3D graphs See visualizing seismic data 3D graph Tooltips 1 8 two dimensional 2D graphs See visualizing rainfall data 2D graph typing and dimensioning of vector and matrix object types automatic 4 9 to 4 10 U unary algebraic operators left side 5 7 to 5 8 right side 5 8 to 5 9 unary logical operators 5 9 to 5 10 user interaction 4 32 to 4 35 displaying error messages and warnings 4 33 to 4 34 formatting numbers 4 34 to 4 35 prompting for input 3 18 4 32 to 4
39. in the last panel of the Import wizard Your binary file is now imported as a numeric object and is accessible through the Object list Using the Custom Import Mode The custom import option is useful when you know how to write import formats in HiQ Script Refer to the documentation on the import built in function in the online help for details Note An Export wizard exists with similar capabilities for data that you wish to export from HiQ You access the Export wizard by clicking on the object you wish to export and selecting Export Data from the Notebook menu Visualizing Data in 2D and 3D Graphs Data visualization is an indispensable tool for communicating results interpreting your analysis and gaining an intuitive understanding of what your data represents The following examples show you how to use HiQ to graph two and three dimensional 2D and 3D data Visualizing Rainfall Data 2D Graph You can graph most data in two dimensions where the data is plotted against an independent variable In the following example you graph the rainfall data that you imported earlier in this chapter 06chap03 fm Page 5 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook HiQ User Manual 3 6 National Instruments Corporation Creating a Graph Start working with the rainfall hiq Notebook you created earlier in this chapter To add a 2D graph object to the Notebook click on the 2D graph tool in the HiQ Tools t
40. must contain semicolons at the end of each statement and a return statement In the following script myText1 is a valid text object that you can use to create a multiple statement function myFunc1 myText1 a 1 b 2 return a b x myFunc1 function x myText1 06chap04 fm Page 14 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 15 HiQ User Manual The following script myText2 is also a valid text object myText2 a 1 lt CRLF gt b 2 lt CRLF gt return a b x myFunc2 function x myText2 The resulting functions myFunc1 and myFunc2 are identical You can exploit many interesting features by using this syntax For example to create a new object with a name that you generate from a script write a function such as the following function copyObject object name renameScript project name x f func x renameScript f object end function You can also write a script to generate and dynamically name several objects The following example generates 20 scalar objects named x1 x2 x20 for i 1 to 20 do name x toText i copyObject i name end for Color Colors are used mainly for graph and plot attributes To create a color use the color initialization syntax and specify the amount of red green and blue This creates a 24 bit RGB color For example you can create a medium
41. other script There is no limit to the number of functions that can be defined in any particular script 06chap04 fm Page 27 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 28 National Instruments Corporation A function definition takes the following general form function fname x y z statements end function Note You may not define a function inside another function A function you define may return only a single value only HiQ built in functions can return multiple values See Calling HiQ Built in Functions later in this chapter If you need to define a function that returns more than one variable you can achieve this by allowing the function to return values through some of its input parameters The Call by Reference section later in this chapter describes how to do this It is not necessary for a function to return a value Note You can add a return statement to the statements in the preceding function definition prototype but it is not necessary The return statement exists implicitly at the end of any function call A function call takes the following form t fname a b c Consider the following example An aerospace engineer calculating aerodynamic loads on an expendable booster during atmospheric flight needs to find dynamic pressure which is defined as where is local atmospheric density and V is the booster s relative velocity The
42. returns the result of the comparison as 1 for true and 0 for false Table 5 1 Valid Operations between Different Numeric Object Types Left Operand Right Operand Int Scalar Real Scalar Cmplx Scalar Int Vector Real Vector Cmplx Vector Int Matrix Real Matrix Cmplx Matrix Poly nomial Integer Scalar Real Scalar Complex Scalar Integer Vector Real Vector Complex Vector Integer Matrix Real Matrix Complex Matrix Poly nomial 06chap05 fm Page 5 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference HiQ User Manual 5 6 National Instruments Corporation Syntax left_operand operator right_operand Syntax Descriptions Comments Not all operators are valid for all object types The following table shows object types and valid operators Name Description left_operand Any valid logical expression operator Operator from the following list logical and and or amp amp logical or or or less than lt greater than gt equal or not equa
43. task is to modify your script Connecting Your Script to Input Objects The script you have written performs most of the analysis you need However you must revise the script so that it uses the new input objects your created in the previous section The changes you must make in your script are relatively minor First incorporate the scalar objects into the script As you recall you use the scalar objects on the Notebook to enter the number of points initial value and ending value You need to replace specific numerical values currently in the script with the names of the input objects you created as described in the following steps 1 Modify the following line x seq 1 10 02 Change it to read as follows x seq initial ending ending initial numpts 2 On the Notebook change the values of the scalars initial ending and numpts to 1 10 and 450 respectively 06chap03 fm Page 19 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook HiQ User Manual 3 20 National Instruments Corporation 3 Delete the lines that assign to variables having the same name as objects that appear on the Notebook There is one such line that you need to delete from this script s x tan x 4 Modify the following line that creates a graph graph1 plot1 createGraph x y Change it to plot new data to an existing plot as follows plot1 addPlot graph1 plot1 x y 5 It is customary to inclu
44. the object If you do not see the shaded border the object is probably in selected mode the mode for sizing and moving the object as a whole Deselect the object by clicking on a blank space in the Notebook page and then click on the object again to put it into active mode To rotate the graph click and hold anywhere in the graph area and drag the mouse up down left or right to rotate the graph up down left or right respectively To zoom the graph click and hold anywhere in the graph area while holding down the lt Crtl gt key Dragging the mouse down zooms the graph out and dragging the mouse up zooms the graph in Analyzing Data with HiQ Script In this data analysis exercise the objective is to create a Notebook similar to the Expression Evaluator Notebook discussed in Chapter 2 The Notebook you build in the following steps numerically evaluates mathematical expressions and graphically displays their behavior 1 Click on the new Notebook tool in the Standard toolbar at the top of the HiQ interface You see a new Notebook page 2 Pull down the File menu and select Save As 3 Name the file My Expression Evaluator 4 Click on Save 06chap03 fm Page 11 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook HiQ User Manual 3 12 National Instruments Corporation Continue building the My Expression Evaluator Notebook as follows 1 Click on the script object in the HiQ Tools toolbar
45. to a variable attribute See property B built in function One of many programming utilities in HiQ Script that perform analysis graphical or utility operations C caret See insertion point cell In a matrix or vector the intersection of a row and column that contains a numerical value color object A HiQ object that sets the color attributes of graphs and plots comment An explanatory line or portion of a line in HiQ Script compiled script A HiQ object containing HiQ Script language that has been converted to code that a computer uses to execute the program 10gloss fm Page 1 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 03 PM Glossary HiQ User Manual G 2 National Instruments Corporation constant A predefined value in HiQ Script cursor The pointer or other image that displays on screen to show the location of your mouse trackball or other pointing device D data type See numeric type debug To check and correct invalid code in a HiQ script in order to eliminate errors during the compilation or execution of the script declaration A HiQ Script statement that defines the scope of variables Can be either project or local dialog box A window containing a message interactive options and buttons drag and drop To move an object to a specific location using the mouse to click on drag and release the object Depending on the location of release a specific action can occur E embedded Inserte
46. types as necessary as in the case of the following script a 5 a 2 3 2 When HiQ runs this script it generates the following value for a 0 0 0 0 0 2 06chap04 fm Page 9 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 10 National Instruments Corporation The following script represents a different case a 2 3 2 a 0 When HiQ runs this script it generates the value 0 for a Polynomials HiQ has real and complex polynomial objects These objects make polynomial algebra in HiQ Script as easy as linear algebra You can declare a polynomial using one of the following syntaxes myPoly poly 1 2 3 or myPoly poly x 2 2x 3 Either of these declarations generate the polynomial x 2 2x 3 To declare a complex polynomial insert any complex scalar expression in the polynomial initialization syntax as in the following example pz1 poly 1 2 1 2 lt i gt pz2 poly 1 2 x 1 2 You can operate on a polynomial as you would operate on other data types as in the following example p2 myPoly myPoly p3 p2 myPoly To evaluate a polynomial at a particular value treat the polynomial as you would a single input function as in the following example y p4 3 Furthermore anywhere that you can use a function in HiQ you can use a polynomial For example you can perform numerical integration of a polynomial as follows
47. use the default import settings When you change any of the import setting options in the Import wizard the data preview window is updated automatically to give you immediate feedback about how the data will be imported Consider a meteorological data set that spans 11 years To see how easy it is to import data into HiQ input the file rainfall dat by performing the following steps 06chap03 fm Page 1 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook HiQ User Manual 3 2 National Instruments Corporation Open a new Notebook 1 Click on the new Notebook tool in the Standard toolbar at the top of the HiQ interface You see a new Notebook named Notebook1 Double click on the title bar of the Notebook to maximize it 2 Pull down the File menu and select Save As 3 Name the file rainfall 4 Click on Save Import the data 5 Select Import Data from the Notebook menu 06chap03 fm Page 2 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook National Instruments Corporation 3 3 HiQ User Manual 6 Select the file rainfall dat in the Examples Data folder and click on Open The Import wizard appears 7 Click on Finish to import the data The rainfall data is now imported as a matrix object and is accessible through the Object list You will learn how to display this data in a 2D graph in the Visualizing Rainfall Data 2D Graph section To learn more about the Impor
48. uses this syntax to hide the main script from the user If the body of the function is more than one line then you must include a return statement in the body as in the following example body y 1 10 x 1 10 t lt CRLF gt body body y 2 5 x 2 5 t lt CRLF gt body body return y myFct function x t body Call by Reference Unlike functions in some other languages functions you define in HiQ Script can modify the parameters passed to them that is parameters passed to user functions are called by reference Consider the following example 06chap04 fm Page 29 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 30 National Instruments Corporation x 2 y f x function f a a a 1 return a 2 end function The variable x is set to 2 and passed to the function f The function first increments its parameter by 1 then returns the square of the modified parameter After execution x has been incremented to 3 and y is set to the value returned by the function 9 Note Unlike most parameters which are passed by reference subranges and attributes are passed by value in HiQ Script Calling HiQ Built In Functions Calling a HiQ built in function uses the same syntax as calling a user defined function Refer to the function reference section of HiQ Online Help for a complete list of all HiQ built in functions Using Function Name as a Pa
49. variable operator Syntax Descriptions Operator Precedence Higher to Lower Direction of Evaluation Left to right Left to right unary not Right to left Left to right Left to right binary Left to right lt lt gt gt lt gt Left to right and amp amp Left to right or Left to right Name Description variable Name of variable to access operator Name of attribute to access 06chap05 fm Page 2 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference National Instruments Corporation 5 3 HiQ User Manual Comments Refer to the Object Attribute Reference section in HiQ Online Help for a list of attributes for each object type Binary Algebraic Operators Purpose Combines two objects into one using an algebraic rule Syntax left_operand operator right_operand left_operand operator right_operand Syntax Descriptions Name Description left_operand Any valid algebraic expression operator Operator from the following list addition subtraction multiplication division left division exponentiation or remainder right_operand Any valid algebraic expression 06chap05 fm Page 3 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference HiQ User Manual 5 4 National Instruments Corporation Comments Not all operators are valid for all object types as ind
50. 1 because d is greater than a In keeping with the standard ASCII sequence text1 would be greater than text3 You can access substrings using the standard HiQ Script vector notation See the Vector and Matrix Object Types section earlier in this chapter text abcdef text1 text 2 4 text2 text 3 text1 is set to bcd and text2 is set to cdef 06chap04 fm Page 11 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 12 National Instruments Corporation Graphical Objects Data visualization in HiQ centers around the graph object You graph data by adding your data directly to the graph or by creating a plot object and adding the plot object to the graph You can graph your data quickly with a single call to createGraph or addPlot These functions embed your data directly into the graph When you need to place a single plot in multiple graphs you can create a separate plot object using createPlot and add the plot to several graphs using addPlot These functions link a plot object to your graph If the plot object changes for example when you change the data or modify an attribute the change is reflected in all the graphs where the plot appears Graphing Data You can easily graph data in HiQ using the functions createGraph for a new graph or addPlot for an existing graph These functions return a unique plot identification number called a plot handle for each data set y
51. 33 providing input to problem solver 3 15 to 3 19 connecting script to input objects 3 19 to 3 21 creating scalar objects 3 17 text objects as user prompts 3 18 using text object for input site 3 16 user defined functions 4 27 to 4 31 call by reference 4 29 to 4 30 calling built in functions 4 30 defining 4 27 to 4 29 defining programmatically 4 29 function names used as parameters 4 30 to 4 31 general form 4 28 V vector and matrix object types 4 6 to 4 10 automatic typing and dimensioning 4 9 to 4 10 default keyword in initializer syntax note 4 7 initializing 4 6 to 4 7 subscripting 4 7 to 4 9 vector initialization operator 5 11 to 5 12 visualizing rainfall data 2D graph 3 5 to 3 9 creating a graph 3 6 to 3 7 modifying graph and plot 3 8 plotting HiQ data object 3 7 working with multiple plots 3 8 to 3 9 visualizing seismic data 3D graph 3 9 to 3 11 modifying 3D graph and plot 3 10 to 3 11 rotating and zooming 3 11 steps 3 9 W warnings displaying 4 33 to 4 34 while statement purpose and use 4 22 syntax and description 5 27 to 5 28 11index fm Page 8 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 04 PM
52. 5 14 Font Initialization Operator 5 15 01titleTOC fm Page viii Tuesday November 26 1996 3 56 PM Contents National Instruments Corporation ix HiQ User Manual Statement Syntax Reference 5 16 assume 5 16 exit 5 17 for 5 18 function 5 19 Function Call 5 19 if 5 20 local 5 22 next 5 22 project 5 23 repeat 5 24 repeat forever
53. Can Insert into HiQ Deleting Objects and Object Views The objects in your HiQ Notebooks can exist without displaying on the Notebook page For example you might want to display the plot of a data set without displaying the numeric object that is the source of the data You should remember this distinction when you want to delete an 06chap03 fm Page 25 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook HiQ User Manual 3 26 National Instruments Corporation object from the Notebook or when you want to delete only a view of that object Figure 3 5 The Delete View and Delete Object Menu Items Deleting the View of an Object from a Page Deleting the view of an object from the Notebook page is not the same as deleting the object When you delete a view the object remains in the Notebook You can still access the object through a script or through the Object list To delete a view select the object by clicking on it and then select Edit Delete View The selected view is removed from the Notebook page but the object remains in the Notebook Deleting an Object from a Notebook To delete an object entirely from a Notebook select the object by clicking on it and then select Edit Delete Object The object and all of its views are removed completely from the Notebook 06chap03 fm Page 26 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook National Instruments Corporation 3 27 HiQ User Ma
54. HiQ User Manual HiQ User Manual October 1996 Edition Part Number 321063A 01 Copyright 1996 National Instruments Corporation All rights reserved 01title fm Page 1 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 55 PM support natinst com E mail info natinst com FTP Site ftp natinst com Web Address http www natinst com BBS United States 512 794 5422 BBS United Kingdom 01635 551422 BBS France 01 48 65 15 59 512 418 1111 Tel 512 795 8248 Fax 512 794 5678 Australia 03 9879 5166 Austria 0662 45 79 90 0 Belgium 02 757 00 20 Canada Ontario 905 785 0085 Canada Qu bec 514 694 8521 Denmark 45 76 26 00 Finland 09 527 2321 France 01 48 14 24 24 Germany 089 741 31 30 Hong Kong 2645 3186 Israel 03 5734815 Italy 02 413091 Japan 03 5472 2970 Korea 02 596 7456 Mexico 5 520 2635 Netherlands 0348 433466 Norway 32 84 84 00 Singapore 2265886 Spain 91 640 0085 Sweden 08 730 49 70 Switzerland 056 200 51 51 Taiwan 02 377 1200 U K 01635 523545 National Instruments Corporate Headquarters 6504 Bridge Point Parkway Austin TX 78730 5039 Tel 512 794 0100 Internet Support Bulletin Board Support Fax on Demand Support Telephone Support U S International Offices 01title fm Page 2 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 55 PM Important Information Warranty The media on which you receive National Instruments software are warranted not to fail to execute programming instructions due to defects in materials
55. Reference National Instruments Corporation 5 19 HiQ User Manual function Purpose Defines a function Syntax function name argument_list statements end function Syntax Descriptions Comments Function blocks are not statements that is they cannot appear inside any statement block They can only appear in the scope of external statements The position in which a function call appears in relation to its definition is not important It may appear before after or within another script See Also return Function Initialization Operator Function Call Purpose Calls a built in or user defined function Name Description name Name of the function argument_list Comma delimited list of variable names Inside the function these arguments are aliases for the variables or constants passed in from the calling routine statements One or more valid statements 06chap05 fm Page 19 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference HiQ User Manual 5 20 National Instruments Corporation Syntax function_name argument_list variable function_name argument_list variable_list function_name argument_list Syntax Descriptions See Also function if Purpose Executes a block of statements only when a condition is true Name Description function_name Name of built in or user defined function Built in function names are not case sensitive User defined function names are c
56. VIEW or LabWindows version __________________________________ Other boards in system _________________________________________________________ Base I O address of other boards _________________________________________________ DMA channels of other boards ___________________________________________________ Interrupt level of other boards ___________________________________________________ Other Products Computer make and model ______________________________________________________ Microprocessor _______________________________________________________________ Clock frequency or speed _______________________________________________________ Type of video board installed ____________________________________________________ Operating system version _______________________________________________________ Operating system mode ________________________________________________________ Programming language _________________________________________________________ Programming language version __________________________________________________ Other boards in system _________________________________________________________ Base I O address of other boards _________________________________________________ DMA channels of other boards ___________________________________________________ Interrupt level of other boards ___________________________________________________ 09ccapp fm Page 5 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 02 PM Documentation
57. _____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your help Name _________________________________________________________________________ Title __________________________________________________________________________ Company _______________________________________________________________________ Address ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Phone ___ __________________________ Fax ___ _________________________________ Mail to Technical Publications Fax to Technical Publications National Instruments Corporation National Instruments Corporation 6504 Bridge Point Parkway 512 794 5678 Austin TX 78730 5039 09ccapp fm Page 7 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 02 PM National Instruments Corporation G 1 HiQ User Manual Glossary A ActiveX Microsoft ActiveX A programming system and user interface that lets you work with interactive objects Formerly called OLE ActiveX embedded object An object placed into a container and unconnected to any other object or application See also embedded ActiveX linked object An object placed into a container and connected to another object or application in the same container or in a separate container See also linked argument See parameter assignment A script statement that sets a value
58. ____________________________________________ Clock speed ______MHz RAM _____MB Display adapter __________________________ Mouse ___yes ___no Other adapters installed _______________________________________ Hard disk capacity _____MB Brand _____________________________________________ Instruments used _________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ National Instruments hardware product model __________ Revision ______________________ Configuration ___________________________________________________________________ National Instruments software product ____________________________ Version ____________ Configuration ___________________________________________________________________ The problem is __________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ List any error messages ___________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ The follo
59. a floating palette I initialization In HiQ Script a designated syntax which creates a particular type of object for example vector matrix color and others insertion point The location where text will be inserted also referred to as the caret K keyword A reserved word in HiQ Script such as if then or while that is used for constructing specific types of programming statements 10gloss fm Page 3 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 03 PM Glossary HiQ User Manual G 4 National Instruments Corporation L linked Inserted into a container object and connected with another object or application Compare this term to embedded See also ActiveX linked object loop A statement in HiQ Script consisting of keywords and nested statements that performs a repetitive function Also known as an iteration statement M matrix A HiQ numeric object containing an array of elements with rows and columns See vector message box A secondary window that appears containing information about the status of a HiQ operation See dialog box N Notebook The workspace in HiQ that stores organizes and displays all the components of an analysis and visualization problem numeric object A HiQ object type that is defined in terms of a numeric type integer real or complex and an object type matrix vector polynomial or scalar numeric type One of three types of a numeric object integer real or complex O ob
60. ainer Putting It All Together Imagine preparing a management study for a water reservoir To report the results of your study you would use text to describe the problem 06chap01 fm Page 6 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 57 PM Chapter 1 Getting Started National Instruments Corporation 1 7 HiQ User Manual tables of the data you collected graphs of the data analysis performed and conclusions on how to better manage the reservoir in the future HiQ can handle all these reporting analysis and visualization tasks well In addition a HiQ report could include an interactive script and graph where the audience for your report could observe the effect of changing variables on inflow water levels and outflow This interactive component of your report in HiQ might even become a tool that can be used in the future to manage the water reservoir Inspecting some Example Notebooks Looking at some example Notebooks gives you an idea of what can be done and perhaps gives you some ideas about what you may want to do in HiQ In the next two chapters you will learn how to use and create Notebooks to visualize and analyze data Also the Examples folder contains a variety of Notebooks illustrating the analysis and visualization capabilities of HiQ Keep in mind the following features when you work with Notebooks Working with Multiple Windows A HiQ Notebook uses the standard Multiple Document Interface MDI that Microsoft Office products like Wo
61. alization Operator Function Initialization Operator Statement Syntax Reference This section shows you proper syntax for statements in HiQ Remember a semicolon must follow all statements in HiQ assume Purpose Sets the scope for variables Syntax assume scope_keyword Syntax Descriptions Comments Without a contravening assume statement the default scope for variables is project for external statements Within functions the default scope for variables is local Name Description name A text expression containing the font name size An integer expression containing the point size of the font Name Description scope_keyword project or local 06chap05 fm Page 16 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference National Instruments Corporation 5 17 HiQ User Manual See Also project local and Scope of Variables section in Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script exit Purpose Terminates processing of a block of statements Execution begins at the statement following the block you exit Syntax exit statement_keyword exit count plural_statement_keyword exit all plural_statement_keyword Syntax Descriptions Comments The block keyword refers to any statement block Name Description statement_keyword A keyword from the following list if for while repeat select block count Number of blocks to exit plural_statement_ keyword A keyword from the followi
62. alue of a z r a The same syntax applies to the imaginary part imagPartofZ z i z i b Scalar Object Types The scalar types integer real and complex behave in HiQ as they do in most other programming languages with the additional feature of automatic data type promotion For details see the Automatic Data Type Promotion section earlier in this chapter Vector and Matrix Object Types Vectors are 1D arrays of numeric data and matrices are 2D arrays of numeric data Defining these objects allows HiQ to perform vector and matrix arithmetic using the familiar syntax of linear algebra For example if A and B are matrices then their product is expressed in a HiQ Script statement as it is in linear algebra C A B Likewise the inverse of A is expressed in HiQ Script as follows D A 1 Consider some other examples y A x y A transpose y x A x Note The function and variable names you create in HiQ are case sensitive so you can adhere to the mathematics convention of capitalizing names of matrices and putting the names of vectors in lowercase letters Initializing You may want to initialize all or part of a vector or matrix within a script To initialize a vector or matrix enclose the element values in curly braces Separate the elements in a row with a comma and separate each row with a semicolon as in the following examples A 1 2 3 4 is a 2x2 matrix B 1 2 3 4 i
63. arning message and error prompt a user for responses but not for text or numeric input Refer to the Displaying Error Messages and Warnings section later in this chapter to learn about these functions 06chap04 fm Page 32 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 33 HiQ User Manual getText and getNumeric are very similar In fact getNumeric can be written as the following script function getNumeric prompt defaultInput title s getText prompt defaultInput title return toNumeric s end function The following example prompts the user to enter a name and then asks for his or her age name getText Please enter your name age getNumeric How old are you name Another important area of user interaction is asking for the name of a file The getFileName and putFileName functions make this possible These functions are similar but provide two distinct capabilities You use getFileName to ask the user for a file that already exists on disk You use putFileName to ask the user to specify the name of a file to be created Neither of these functions actually creates or opens a file You need to use them in conjunction with the open function to get the best use of them You can use the following script to copy a file fileIn getFileName All files 1 Choose A File if fileIn lt gt then fileOut putFileName
64. ase sensitive argument_list List of values or variable names to pass to the function variable_list Comma delimited list of variable names You may omit variable names If you want only the first value then you may omit the brackets If you want to omit a variable at the beginning or middle of the list you may leave out the name but keep the commas as in the following samples the first of which omits b and the second of which omits a a c b c Multiple return value syntax is allowed only for calls to HiQ built in functions 06chap05 fm Page 20 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference National Instruments Corporation 5 21 HiQ User Manual Syntax if condition then statements end if if condition then statements else statements end if if condition then statements else if condition then statements else statements end if Syntax Descriptions Comments You may specify the else if block repeatedly You can omit the else block HiQ evaluates conditions in the order that they appear See Also while select Name Description condition Logical expression The statements in the block are executed only if the expression evaluates to a non zero value statements Zero or more statements 06chap05 fm Page 21 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference HiQ User Manual 5 22 National Instruments Corporation local
65. bject list after that script runs The only exception is objects with local scope See the Scope of Variables section of Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script to learn about local scope HiQ Script is designed so that when output objects are generated they appear only in the Object list unless placed on the Notebook page by the user Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook lets you practice placing a view of any object onto the Notebook page Notebook Example Expression Evaluator Problem Solver Problem solvers are HiQ Notebooks designed to interact with users to analyze or solve a wide range of problems belonging to a certain class The previous example Notebook Population Fit does not qualify as a problem solver because it solves a single problem For instance Population Fit does not give you the option to fit populations from different countries In order to analyze a different set of data you would need to modify the script A problem solver allows the user to enter a different set of data or analysis problem without having to modify 06chap02 fm Page 5 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 2 Using a Notebook HiQ User Manual 2 6 National Instruments Corporation script The Expression Evaluator Notebook illustrates the problem solver features you can use in HiQ Perform the following steps to learn more about the Expression Evaluator Notebook 1 Click on the Open tool in the Standard toolbar 2 Open the Examples Problem Sol
66. board one of several possible states Information about the currently selected object Finishing Touches for My Expression Evaluator Notebook You might want to spice up your Notebook to make it more user friendly and to make it look better as a technical report Here are some design recommendations to introduce you to more HiQ features Use the text object to form a title at the top of your Notebook Use the text object to display a brief description of your problem solver Change the color size and location of the objects currently on the Notebook You use the Properties dialog box of each HiQ object to set these and other properties Note All HiQ objects including the Notebook itself have properties or attributes that are easy to set You can right click on any object and select Properties from the pop up menu to see the Properties dialog box for that object From the Properties dialog box you can then choose the settings you want for that object 06chap03 fm Page 21 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook HiQ User Manual 3 22 National Instruments Corporation Using Property Pages Take the following steps to learn how to use Properties dialog boxes to change colors and fonts 1 Access the Properties dialog box of the text object that reads Numerical Expression by right clicking on the object and selecting Properties from the pop up menu 06chap03 fm Page 22
67. book before proceeding further 06chap01 fm Page 2 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 57 PM Chapter 1 Getting Started National Instruments Corporation 1 3 HiQ User Manual Follow along with the examples in Chapter 2 Using a Notebook and Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook Build the HiQ Notebook described in the getting started tutorial in the online Help The HiQ Notebook HiQ uses a notebook as the basic interface metaphor The HiQ Notebook has the features that you would normally associate with a real engineering or scientific Notebook namely pages sections and tabs An Organizational Tool On a single page you may arrange information in a free form manner much like in a typical drawing program Each piece of information that you place on a Notebook page is known as an object As with a real notebook there are many types of things that you can put on a page text numerical objects graphs and more HiQ has all of these types of objects as well as some that you do not find in a regular notebook In fact you are not limited to placing HiQ objects on your Notebook You can also place any ActiveX control formerly called OLE controls greatly expanding the capabilities of HiQ You can interact with the objects in HiQ Notebooks in many ways For example if you have a three dimensional graph on a Notebook page you can rotate it zoom in or out and make any number of other changes to how that graph looks As your Notebo
68. bute operator Multiple Assignment A multiple assignment statement is used to retrieve data from a built in function that returns more than one item The right side of the assignment can only be a single function call The left side is a comma delimited list of variables to hold the results surrounded by brackets as in the following example E V eigen A Iteration Statements Three looping constructs are available for end for while do end while repeat end repeat when For The most powerful and probably most used looping construct is the for statement The for statement takes the following general form for identifier beginning to ending step step_size do statements end for The expressions defining the beginning ending and step conditions beginning ending and step_size may be any valid integer or real HiQ Script expression The ending and step_size expressions are evaluated one time at the beginning of the loop 06chap04 fm Page 21 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 22 National Instruments Corporation Loops may proceed in a negative direction by assigning start end and step values appropriately To run the loop from i 10 to i 5 the for statement would take the following form for i 10 to 5 step 1 do statements end for You cannot modify the value of the loop index variable inside the loop
69. ce in this manual also gives information on valid operators You now have examined two example Notebooks that demonstrate the use of the HiQ Notebook The Population Fit Notebook demonstrated how a Notebook performs a single data analysis and the Expression Evaluator problem solver demonstrates how a Notebook can solve a class of problems A problem solver Notebook accepts varied input from users without requiring them to alter the contents of the script The next chapter shows you how to create your own Notebook and problem solver 06chap02 fm Page 7 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM National Instruments Corporation 3 1 HiQ User Manual Chapter3 Creating a Notebook After learning what you can do with a HiQ Notebook in Chapter 2 Using a Notebook you are now ready to learn how to create one This chapter shows you how to create a Notebook to visualize data and how to create a Notebook to analyze data The chapter also introduces more features of the HiQ interface and aspects of the HiQ Script programming language Getting Your Data into HiQ Many Notebooks you create with HiQ involve analyzing and visualizing data Usually this data exists in a file on your hard drive When you need to import text or binary data from a file you can take advantage of the HiQ Import wizard HiQ offers an interactive Import wizard that gives you maximum flexibility in defining the format of the data in your file However in most cases you can
70. complex number myComplexString will be 1 2 3 4i myComplexString toText 1 2 3 4 cs Formatting a complex number using scientific format myComplexString will be 1 20e00 3 13e03i myComplexString toText 1 2 3125 cs e p2 06chap04 fm Page 35 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM National Instruments Corporation 5 1 HiQ User Manual Chapter5 HiQ Script Reference This chapter contains descriptions of HiQ Script expressions and statements Expression Syntax Reference This section shows you proper syntax for expressions in HiQ Script Remember that an expression consists of mathematical operators and operands Precedence Operator Purpose Change the default precedence of an expression Syntax expression Syntax Descriptions Comments The result of this operation is an expression HiQ evaluates expression s within the parentheses first then evaluates the operations surrounding the parentheses Name Description expression Any valid expression placed within the parenthesis Can be a logical or algebraic expression depending on context 06chap05 fm Page 1 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference HiQ User Manual 5 2 National Instruments Corporation The following precedence rules apply when you do not use the precedence operator a parenthesis Attribute Operator Purpose Access an attribute of a variable Syntax
71. ct type Subscript Operator Purpose Defines a subscript range On the left hand side of an assignment this is the range into which the right hand expression is to be placed When on the right hand side of an assignment a sub array is generated Syntax vector subscript_expression matrix subscript_expression1 subscript_expression2 Syntax Descriptions Comments This section describes your options in forming subscript expressions that access elements in a vector or matrix Name Description logical_expression Any valid logical expression Object Type not Integer Scalar x Name Description vector or matrix Name of variable to be subscripted subscript_expression A subscript expression See Comments for a complete description 06chap05 fm Page 10 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference National Instruments Corporation 5 11 HiQ User Manual You can use a subscript expression to refer to a single element or to a range of elements in an index To refer to a single element of an index use a single algebraic expression as in the following examples vector i vector 2 i 3 matrix i j matrix 2 i 3 j To refer to a range of elements in an index use two optional algebraic expressions separated by a colon as in the following general example start_expression end_expression The start_expression and end_expression are optional and you can replac
72. d in Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook and Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script Notebook Example Data Fitting Now that you have had an introduction to the HiQ Notebook and objects this section lets you work with an example Notebook that performs a data fitting analysis Opening a Notebook 1 Click on the Open tool located on the Standard toolbar at the top of the HiQ interface 2 Open the Examples folder within the HiQ folder Notice the many types of example Notebooks that come with HiQ Later you can explore the different examples to get a feel for HiQ s capabilities 3 Open the Data Fitting folder and select the file Population Fit HiQ 06chap02 fm Page 2 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 2 Using a Notebook National Instruments Corporation 2 3 HiQ User Manual 4 Click on Open The Population Fit Notebook appears This Notebook demonstrates how HiQ can analyze a set of data in this case population data and graphically display it More specifically the Population Fit Notebook graphically presents the change in population of the U S over time This Notebook contains a script and a graph The script object contains HiQ Script code that performs the data fit and the graph object displays the data fit after the script is executed Running the Script Follow the instructions in the Notebook that tell you how to run the script The output of the script appears as a plot within the graph The plot re
73. d into a container object and unconnected to any other object or application Compare this term to linked See also ActiveX embedded object error message An information box that appears when HiQ cannot complete an action due to an internal error compile error run time error or user error expression A mathematical operator and its operands F font object A HiQ object type used to set the font attributes of graphs and plots function A block of code that performs a specific task in HiQ Script can be a HiQ built in function or a user defined function 10gloss fm Page 2 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 03 PM Glossary National Instruments Corporation G 3 HiQ User Manual function call Specific HiQ Script syntax that calls a user or built in function with given parameters G grab handle A site on a selected object that you click on and drag to move size or reshape the object graph The HiQ object that contains a two dimensional or three dimensional collection of plots See plot H handle See grab handle HiQ script A block of programming code that can perform mathematical analysis and display its output textually graphically and numerically HiQ Script An intuitive programming language for mathematics HiQ Tools toolbar Part of the HiQ user interface that contains icons for objects you can place in a Notebook Depending on your preference the toolbar can appear on any edge of the interface or as
74. de comments when entering any programming code You may want to include some comments to describe sections of your script A comment must appear in the following format and is automatically colored red comments Your updated script complete with comments should look like the following script Right click on this script and select Run Converts a string into a function f funct x s Creates the x vector x seq initial ending ending initial numpts Calculates the y vector for i 1 to x size step 1 do y i f x i endfor Adds the data to the existing plot plot1 plot1 addPlot graph1 plot1 x y graph1 plot plot1 line color lt green gt graph1 title s Now your script is ready to execute Try it before going further with this exercise Right click on the script object and select Run from the pop up menu If you get an error message verify that your script exactly matches the script above 06chap03 fm Page 20 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook National Instruments Corporation 3 21 HiQ User Manual Note Watch the status bar at the bottom of the Notebook window for the following information The current Notebook page number and page count The current line and column number when a script or text object is active A red diamond shaped icon when a script is running one icon for each running script The mode of the key
75. de illustrates the concept of vectorization While vectorization is more often seen in the world of super computers it is also an important tool in HiQ to add speed to your scripts When you write scripts it is best to use vectors or matrices when appropriate The following example represents an opportunity to eliminate a for loop by using the vector math capability of HiQ Script m 1 b 10 for i 1 to x rows do y i m x i b end for You can replace the preceding for loop with the following code m 1 b 10 y m x b This construct runs much faster than the earlier loop You should try to replace loops in HiQ Script with equivalent built in function calls as much as possible Pay particular attention to nested loops Replacing the inner loop with a built in function can give you radical improvements in execution speed Interacting with the User Several functions let you present message boxes and prompts to your users during a script execution Avoid having your script present a series of dialog boxes asking for user input to solve a problem A better practice is to collect user input in objects that are visible on the Notebook page and then to perform some validity checks with appropriate error messages in the script to validate the input Prompting for Input There are four functions that prompt a user for input getText getNumeric getFileName and putFileName Note Three other display functions w
76. e following steps 1 Right click on the graph and select Properties To modify plot properties 2 Click on the Plots tab 3 In the Style area change Plot Style to Vertical Bar 4 In the Appearance area change the Fill Color to red To modify graph properties 5 Click on the Graph tab 6 Enter Yearly Rainfall for the Graph Title To modify axis properties 7 Click on the Axis tab 8 Enter Year for the x axis Title 9 Set Axis to y axis 10 Enter Rainfall inches for the y axis Title 11 Click on OK Now you have a graph that effectively communicates the trend in rainfall totals for eleven years You can add multiple plots to this graph to view the same data in different forms or to compare different data sets In this example you may want to add a new plot using the same data in another form The following section shows you how Working with Multiple Plots in a Graph A HiQ graph can display multiple plots In this section you will add another plot of your rainfall data and display it in a different form 1 Repeat the steps in the section Plotting a HiQ Data Object to add a second plot of the rainfall data 2 Right click on the graph object and select Properties 3 Click on the Plots tab Select the rainfall plot Handle 2 from the list of available plots in the Plots property page 06chap03 fm Page 8 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook
77. e them with an asterisk When you omit the expressions or replace them with an asterisk start_expression takes the value of first element by default and end_expression takes the value of last element by default The following four examples show four different ways to refer to the entire range of a row index matrix 2 matrix 2 matrix 2 matrix 2 Note You can use the wild card character for all references in any subscript expression When you do so you select the entire range of elements for that index See Also Simple Assignment Multiple Assignment Vector Initialization Operator Purpose Creates a vector from a set of expressions Syntax vector list 06chap05 fm Page 11 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference HiQ User Manual 5 12 National Instruments Corporation Syntax Descriptions Comments Your statement must include vector If you omit that string HiQ assumes that you are creating a matrix You can abbreviate the word vector with v See Also Matrix Initialization Operator Polynomial Initialization Operator Color Initialization Operator Function Initialization Operator Font Initialization Operator Matrix Initialization Operator Purpose Creates a matrix from a set of expressions Syntax row_list_1 row_list_2 row_list_n matrix row_list_1 row_list_2 row_list_n Syntax Descriptions Com
78. ect that provides direct manipulation support for operations of that object such as moving sizing or scaling selection tool The mouse cursor in HiQ shaped like a standard pointer arrow that lets you select move and manipulate objects on the Notebook shortcut key A key or combination of keys that you press to invoke a command Standard toolbar Site on the user interface of HiQ that contains basic utility tools for example Save Open Cut Paste and Print Depending on your preference the toolbar can appear on any edge of the interface or as a floating window statement In HiQ Script a line of code consisting of various keywords functions and or operators that performs a certain task status bar A region usually the bottom of a window containing information about HiQ and any selected object symbol The name for objects in HiQ for the Macintosh T text object A HiQ object type where you can enter and edit text toolbar Site on an application interface that contains various buttons and other controls Depending on your preference a toolbar can appear on any edge of the interface or a floating window 10gloss fm Page 6 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 03 PM Glossary National Instruments Corporation G 7 HiQ User Manual tooltip A small descriptive pop up window that appears when you position the mouse cursor over a toolbar icon type A classification of an object based on its characteristics behav
79. ement within a compound if statement if a 0 then a 1 end if A compound statement can be used anywhere a statement can be used In addition to statements HiQ has function definitions Unlike statements function definitions cannot be nested inside a compound statement or inside another function definition Note You can add line breaks to statements and function definitions However line breaks are not valid in comments you place in a script Each line of a comment must begin with the comment operator which is a double slash mark Keywords HiQ Script has a number of keywords such as if then and for These words are reserved and cannot be used as variable or function names anywhere in the language There are also a number of compound keywords such as end if and end for The space in the keyword is optional so endif and endfor are acceptable alternatives for end if and end for However compound keywords must appear together on the same line 06chap04 fm Page 19 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 20 National Instruments Corporation The following is a complete list of all the keywords used in HiQ Script Declaration Statements Declaration statements are used to define the scope of objects Declaration statements are not used to declare the type of an object Variables can have local or project scope Local variables have effect only while their functi
80. engineer might write the following function function dynpress rho v q 5 rho v 2 return q end function In this example the engineer could have put the defining expression on the return line function dynpress rho v return 5 rho v 2 end function q q 1 2 V2 06chap04 fm Page 28 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 29 HiQ User Manual The following script shows what a call to this function would look like Q dynpress density velocity Programmatically Defining Functions in HiQ Script Using HiQ s initializer syntax you can define a new function at run time in HiQ Script Function initialization syntax takes the following general form myFct function parameter_list body The following example creates and uses a new function that takes one parameter and returns a value body cos x sinh x myFct function x body y myFct x The definition of the function myFct is not required before running the script as it is in the following example function myFct x return cos x sinh y end function y myFct x This syntax gives you the flexibility of creating new functions using text objects to define the script code These text objects can then be placed on the notebook page and changed by the user without having to edit a script object The problem solver Notebook in Chapter 3 Using a Notebook
81. ents A logical expression results in a scalar value of 0 false or nonzero true Logical expressions include valid algebraic expressions that result in a scalar with the use of any logical operator Logical Operators There are both binary and unary logical operators Some examples of logical operators are not unary and gt lt gt lt For a complete list of this type of operator refer to the Expression Syntax Reference section in Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference The Precedence Operator section in Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference explains all precedence rules for operators and how to control the precedence of operations Statements HiQ Script is a statement oriented language Every statement must end with a semicolon For example the following line of code is a complete statement a 1 As with most modern languages HiQ Script is essentially free of line oriented restrictions Because of the language s combination of keywords and the semicolon statement terminator statements may start 06chap04 fm Page 18 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 19 HiQ User Manual anywhere on a line and span multiple lines Furthermore you can insert as many spaces as you want between words and leave empty lines within a statement One type of statement called a compound statement can itself contain statements In the following example a 1 is a stat
82. escriptions See Also function Name Description statements One or more statements Name Description algebraic_ expression Any valid algebraic expression The expression is evaluated before the function returns 06chap05 fm Page 25 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference HiQ User Manual 5 26 National Instruments Corporation select Purpose Selects a group of statements to be executed based on the evaluation of an expression Syntax select selector from case item statements default statements end select Syntax Descriptions Comments The expression selector is evaluated then compared in order to each item expression When a match is found that block of statements is executed If no match is found the default block if present is executed Unlike C and C HiQ Script does not allow control to fall through at the end of execution To force a fall through use a next case statement See Also next exit Name Description selector Algebraic expression This determines which case is chosen item Algebraic expression Used in choosing the case The first case that evaluates to the same result as item is the one chosen statements One or more valid statements 06chap05 fm Page 26 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference National Instruments Corporation 5 27 HiQ User Manual Simple Assignment Purpose Eva
83. ession statements case algebraic_expression statements default statements end select Notice the syntax of the following simple example select i from case 1 z sin theta case 2 z cos theta 06chap04 fm Page 24 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 25 HiQ User Manual case 3 z sin theta cos theta default z 0 end select Depending on the current value of i one of the case blocks executes and then control transfers to the statement following end select If i 2 z is calculated as cos theta If i is not 1 2 or 3 the default block executes and z is set to zero Block Escape Statements You use the next and exit statements to break from a loop or select statement You use a return statement to escape from a user defined function Next You use a next statement to move to the next iteration of a loop structure All statements following the next statement are ignored for that iteration You can use a next statement within while repeat and for loops Also you can use a next case statement to skip to the next case in select statements The next statement takes the following general form next statement_keyword In a for loop you can execute a specified section of code for only certain values by using the following code strucuture for i 1 to 1000 do if sin i 1000 gt 0 5 then next for end if
84. f the HiQ Notebook interface The Notebook is the starting point from which you access all the tools and capabilities of HiQ If you are already familiar with the basics of a HiQ Notebook but want to learn more about creating your own refer to Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook At this point you should have installed and launched HiQ If you need to install and or launch HiQ refer to Chapter 1 Getting Started Understanding Objects All the items on a Notebook page are called objects Notice that any object you click on becomes active and displays a border with handles You can interact with any activated object directly on the Notebook page Figure 2 1 An Object in Active Mode 06chap02 fm Page 1 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 2 Using a Notebook HiQ User Manual 2 2 National Instruments Corporation Objects are fundamental components of HiQ that are crucial to the use of a Notebook Remember the following points about objects in HiQ Anything contained within a Notebook is an object An object is associated with a Notebook but is not necessarily visible on the Notebook page until you place it there All interactive tools of HiQ involve either the Notebook or its objects HiQ uses several major categories of objects numeric graphic HiQ Script text and ActiveX Each of the objects within these categories has a distinct purpose in HiQ Additional aspects of HiQ objects are discusse
85. fer file containing actions that you can undo Running the Script and Viewing the Output Each variable in HiQ Script becomes an object in the Notebook when the script executes To see this occur take the following steps 1 Right click on the script object and select Run from the pop up menu If you get an error message verify that your script exactly matches the script presented in the previous section Entering Your Script 2 Right click on a blank area of the Notebook page and select Object List 3 Compare each listed object with each assigned variable in the script Each variable you assigned in your script now appears in the Object list as you can observe in the following illustration 4 Select graph1 in the object list and click on New View A view of the graph appears on the Notebook page 5 Click on Close to dismiss the Object list 06chap03 fm Page 14 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook National Instruments Corporation 3 15 HiQ User Manual Now that you have run your script you see your graph on the Notebook page with the plot of the mathematical expression x tan x At this point you have reached the objective of your Notebook However to use this Notebook to evaluate a different expression you need to edit the HiQ Script Alternatively you can provide input objects for users so that this Notebook becomes a problem solver a HiQ Notebook that solves a broad class of p
86. g HiQ as quickly as possible Using Your Online Documentation This section reviews the paths you can use to access online documentation for HiQ and describes the major types of information available 05atm fm Page xi Tuesday November 26 1996 3 57 PM Preface HiQ User Manual xii National Instruments Corporation Accessing Online Help HiQ has tooltips context sensitive help and online help that you can access in the following ways You access HiQ Online Help by selecting HiQ Help Topics from the Help menu Tooltips appear when you move the mouse cursor over a button in any toolbar The text of the tooltip tells you what the button does You can view context sensitive help in two ways For menus a help topic appears in the status bar at the bottom of a HiQ Notebook as you move the mouse pointer over the menu items Within other areas of the HiQ user interface such as dialog boxes you see the Help button After you click on the Help button context sensitive help appears for the next item that you click on You can use the lt F1 gt key to access context sensitive help for a selected item or for an area where the insertion point is located For example when your insertion point is located in a script and within the name of a HiQ built in function help for that function appears when you press lt F1 gt Organization of HiQ Online Help HiQ Online Help is organized as follows The topic
87. gical operators 5 5 to 5 7 color initialization operator 5 13 to 5 14 font initialization operator 5 15 to 5 16 function initialization operator 5 14 to 5 15 left side unary algebraic operators 5 7 to 5 8 matrix initialization operator 5 12 polynomial initialization operator 5 13 precedence operator 5 1 to 5 2 right side unary algebraic operators 5 8 to 5 9 subscript operator 5 10 to 5 11 unary logical operators 5 9 to 5 10 vector initialization operator 5 11 to 5 12 expressions 4 16 to 4 18 algebraic expressions 4 17 function calls 4 17 logical expressions 4 18 operator precedence 4 16 to 4 17 external statements and functions 4 2 line breaks note 4 19 naming conventions 4 2 overview 4 1 performance issues 4 31 to 4 32 scope of variables 4 3 11index fm Page 3 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 04 PM Index HiQ User Manual I 4 National Instruments Corporation statement syntax reference 5 16 to 5 28 assume 5 16 to 5 17 exit 5 17 for 5 18 function 5 19 function call 5 19 to 5 20 if 5 20 to 5 21 local 5 22 next 5 22 to 5 23 project 5 23 repeat 5 24 repeat forever 5 24 to 5 25 return 5 25 select 5 26 simple assignment 5 27 while 5 27 to 5 28 statements 4 18 to 4 28 assignment statements 4 20 to 4 21 block escape statements 4 25 to 4 27 declaration statements 4 20 flow control statements 4 23 to 4 25 iteration statements 4 21 to 4 23 keywords 4 19 to 4 20 syntax highlight
88. icated in the following table If the operation is not valid for the data type HiQ promotes less complex data types to data types that allow the operation If no data type is valid HiQ terminates the script and displays an error message When you combine vectors and matrices the dimensions must be valid If preceded by a single period the operators perform element wise operations on vectors and matrices Remember the following points about matrix vector operations For matrix division the matrices must be square A B is equivalent to A inv B A B is inv A B Matrix vector left division A b is equivalent to solve A b Vector matrix division b A is equivalent to b inv A Object Type Integer Scalar x x x x x x x Real Scalar x x x x x x x Complex Scalar x x x x x x Integer Vector x x x Real Vector x x x Complex Vector x x x Integer Matrix x x x x Real Matrix x x x x Complex Matrix x x x x Polynomial x x x x x x Text x Promoted to a real matrix before the operation is performed Operation valid only when used in conjunction with the transpose operator 06chap05 fm Page 4 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference National Instruments Corporation 5 5 HiQ User Manual Binary Logical Operators Purpose Logically compares two objects using a specified rule and
89. ignate all elements of an index Consider the 5 x 5 matrix A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 To refer to a submatrix consisting of the first two rows and columns of A use the following syntax A 1 2 1 2 The following submatrix results 1 2 6 7 To refer to a submatrix consisting of the last two rows and columns of A use the following syntax A 4 5 4 5 or A 4 4 or A 4 4 06chap04 fm Page 8 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 9 HiQ User Manual The following matrix results 19 20 24 25 To refer to the third column of A use the following syntax A 3 The following vector results 3 8 13 18 23 You can use expressions anywhere in an index For example the following expressions are valid A i j and b i 3 j 4 Note If an expression evaluates to a non integer value or a value outside the valid range of the data a run time error results Automatic Typing and Dimensioning You can explore automatic typing and matrix dimensioning with the following simple statement regarding matrices A and B A B A takes on the dimensions of B whether A is a new matrix or was previously defined If b is a vector with as many elements as A has columns a row of A may take on the values of b as follows A 4 b Row four of A now equals vector b HiQ promotes numeric data
90. ing 4 3 user interaction 4 32 to 4 35 displaying error messages and warnings 4 33 to 4 34 formatting numbers 4 34 to 4 35 prompting for input 4 32 to 4 33 user defined functions 4 27 to 4 31 call by reference 4 29 to 4 30 calling built in functions 4 30 defining 4 27 to 4 29 defining programmatically 4 29 function names used as parameters 4 30 to 4 31 I if statement purpose and use 4 23 to 4 24 syntax and description 5 20 to 5 21 Import wizard 3 1 Import wizard dialog box note 3 3 importing data into HiQ 3 1 to 3 5 binary file as numeric object 3 4 to 3 5 custom import mode 3 5 procedure 3 2 to 3 3 text file as numeric object 3 4 text file as text object 3 3 to 3 4 initializing vector and matrix object types 4 6 to 4 7 input for problem solver 3 15 to 3 19 prompts for users 3 18 renaming objects note 3 19 scalar object creation 3 17 selecting one or more objects note 3 17 sizing objects note 3 17 text object creation 3 16 to 3 17 installing HiQ 1 1 to 1 2 integration capability 1 5 interpolation 1 4 iteration statements 4 21 to 4 23 for 4 21 to 4 22 5 18 repeat 4 23 5 24 while 4 22 5 27 to 5 28 K keywords 4 19 to 4 20 L launching HiQ 1 2 learning to use HiQ Getting Started Tutorial 1 8 resources 1 2 to 1 3 left side unary algebraic operators 5 7 to 5 8 linear algebra functionality 1 4 local statement 5 22 logical expressions 4 18 logical objects not available no
91. ion myfunc causes a run time error stating that the parameters to function derivative are not of the appropriate type Performance Issues HiQ Script may not run as fast as code compiled to machine language by a normal compiler Consider the factors that can decrease the efficiency of a HiQ script Improper use of looping constructs is the most likely cause for slow scripts The following paragraphs describe how to avoid this and other inefficiencies in your scripts Another factor that can slow your scripts is HiQ s capability of dynamically assigning data types in response to the operations your are performing This feature makes HiQ code easy to use but slows performance because the compiler generates a set of instructions that require an additional level of interpretation You can take various steps to make your scripts perform better The following example illustrates the way most users would first attempt to take the sin of every element of a vector for i 1 to x rows do y i sin x i end for For small dimensions this loop runs so quickly that you would not notice any decrease in speed However for larger dimensions the slow execution rate is quite noticeable The following line of code performs the same work much faster y eval sin x 06chap04 fm Page 31 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 32 National Instruments Corporation The preceding line of co
92. ior and attributes U user defined function A functions that a user creates in HiQ Script to perform customized analysis graphical or utility operations V vector A HiQ numeric object containing an array with one row or column Compare with matrix 10gloss fm Page 7 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 03 PM National Instruments Corporation I 1 HiQ User Manual Index Numbers and Symbols period See attribute operator 2D graphs See graphical objects 3D graphs See graphical objects A accessing online help xi xii 1 8 ActiveX objects 3 25 to 3 26 adding object to page 3 25 Delete View and Delete Object menu items figure 3 26 deleting 3 25 to 3 26 object from notebook 3 26 views of objects 3 26 native objects vs ActiveX objects note 3 25 overview 1 6 algebraic expressions algebraic operators 4 17 matrix and vector algebra 4 17 to 4 18 algebraic operators left side unary algebraic operators 5 7 to 5 8 right side unary algebraic operators 5 8 to 5 9 assignment statements 4 20 to 4 21 multiple assignment 4 21 simple assignment 4 21 5 27 assume statement 5 16 to 5 17 attribute operator purpose and use 4 16 syntax and description 5 2 to 5 3 automatic data type promotion 4 5 automatic typing and dimensioning of vector and matrix object types 4 9 to 4 10 B binary algebraic operators 5 3 to 5 5 binary files importing 3 4 to 3 5 binary logical operators 5 5 to 5 7 block escape s
93. ique variables HiQ s library of built in functions generally avoids single letter function names This way single letter names are available when you need to create variables such as f x or g x The names of built in HiQ functions keywords and constants are not case sensitive For example whether your HiQ script calls sin Sin SIN or even sIn HiQ recognizes a call to the sin built in function External Statements and Functions A HiQ script consists of a series of external statements and any number of user defined functions An external statement is a HiQ Script statement outside a user defined function These statements are executed when you run a HiQ script The first three lines in the following example are external statements within a script called myScript The function myfunct is defined on the last three lines of the following example myfunct executes only because it is referenced in the external statement on the third line x 5 y 6 a myfunct x y function myfunct x y return 2 x y end function HiQ treats the external statements in a script as a special user defined function that has no input parameters When you compile a script HiQ creates this function and names it by appending _Run to the script name In the preceding example HiQ names the function that results from the compiling of the script myScript_Run You can call this new function from any other script 06chap04 fm Page 2 Tuesday November
94. item is a simple example repeat x sin theta i i 1 end repeat when i gt 5 In addition you can use an alternative construct repeat forever statements end repeat There must be an exit or return statement inside a repeat forever loop The Block Escape Statements section found later in the chapter explains methods of breaking out of a repeat loop Flow Control Statements The if and select statements help you control flow in your HiQ script If The if statement takes the following general form As shown in the following examples you must terminate any if statement with end if if logical_expression then statements else if logical_expression then statements else statements end if 06chap04 fm Page 23 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 24 National Instruments Corporation Notice the syntax of the following simple example if i lt 3 then a sin x end if Notice the syntax of this more complex example if i lt 3 then a sin x b cos y else if i gt 5 then a cos x b sin y else a 0 b 0 end if Select Use the select statement to select a value from a list of values and to execute a block of code associated with that value The path taken depends upon the current value of the select expression A select statement takes the following general form select algebraic_expression from case algebraic_expr
95. ith your mouse on an object or on the Notebook Problem Solver A HiQ Notebook containing objects including HiQ Script that allows you to interactively perform analysis of data and display results for a broad class of problems For example the expression evaluator problem solver can display the results of any expression Properties dialog box A window in HiQ with tabbed pages property pages where you can quickly set a wide variety of attributes for a given object property Attributes of a HiQ object Examples include the color of a plot the size of a matrix and the type of any object property page A tabbed subsection of a property dialog box containing a collection of object attributes S scalar A HiQ numeric object represented as a number See vector and matrix 10gloss fm Page 5 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 03 PM Glossary HiQ User Manual G 6 National Instruments Corporation scope In HiQ Script a HiQ object declaration that specifies whether the object is available to the entire Notebook project or is temporarily available local script A block of code that performs a certain task See HiQ script and compiled script script object A HiQ object type containing HiQ Script and from which you compile and execute your program section tabs An organizing tool in a HiQ Notebook that lets you label and quickly access different parts of your Notebook selection handle A graphical control point of an obj
96. ject An entity in a HiQ Notebook that contains data of a specific type for example numeric graphic text or HiQ Script Objects work together in a Notebook to generate and display solutions to analysis and visualization problems Objects are always stored in a Notebook but are not always visible on a Notebook page See object view Object list A window in HiQ that displays all the objects in a HiQ Notebook object view A HiQ object that is visible on a Notebook page 10gloss fm Page 4 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 03 PM Glossary National Instruments Corporation G 5 HiQ User Manual OLE Microsoft OLE Object Linking and Embedding A programming system and user interface that lets you work with interactive objects See ActiveX operand An object or objects modified by an operator operator Code in HiQ Script that is specific to basic mathematical operations and structure of HiQ Script language Often represented as a symbol for example represents division P parameter An independent variable passed to a user defined or built in function call in a parameter list plot A HiQ object type that graphically repesents a two dimensional or three dimensional function or data set used in conjunction with a graph object See graph polynomial A HiQ numeric object represented by an equation in the polynomial form axn bxn 1 cxn 2 pop up menu A context sensitive menu that you can access by right clicking w
97. l or lt gt less than or equal lt greater than or equal gt right_operand Any valid logical expression Object Type and amp amp or lt gt lt gt lt gt Integer Scalar x x x x x x x x Real Scalar x x x x x x x x Complex Scalar x x Integer Vector x x Real Vector x x Complex Vector x x Integer Matrix x x 06chap05 fm Page 6 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference National Instruments Corporation 5 7 HiQ User Manual Left Side Unary Algebraic Operators Purpose Modifies the expression located to the right of the operator Syntax operator algebraic_expression Syntax Descriptions Real Matrix x x Complex Matrix x x Polynomial x x Text x x x x x x Comparison of text objects is case sensitive Name Description operator Operator from the following list unary minus unary plus The unary plus essentially has no effect You can use this operator to create the expression x 1 which is the same as the expression x 1 algebraic_ expression Any valid algebraic expression Object Type and amp amp or lt gt lt gt lt gt 06chap05 fm Page 7 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference HiQ User Manual 5 8 National Instruments Corporation Comments The following table shows objec
98. l 3 18 National Instruments Corporation 5 Click on the Text tool in the HiQ Tools toolbar Then click and drag an area on the Notebook page Repeat these actions so that you have a total of five new text objects You will use these objects as a prompt for the user 6 Place four of the text objects to the left of each of the four input objects 7 Place your cursor in each of the text objects and enter your prompt text The text objects should prompt the user to enter the numerical expression number of points initial value and ending value respectively 8 Place the remaining text object above the four input sites and enter instructions telling users to input an expression and run the script as suggested in the following illustration 06chap03 fm Page 18 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook National Instruments Corporation 3 19 HiQ User Manual Though it is not mandatory you may want to rename your scalar objects so they are easier to identify in your script 9 Right click on the top most scalar object and select Rename 10 Enter the name numpts in the New Name field and click on OK Note To rename an object you right click on the object and select Rename Figure 3 3 Rename Object Dialog Box 11 Rename the next two scalar objects initial and ending respectively Now your problem solver has all the input objects required for easy interaction with users Your next
99. lder These examples demonstrate the power and flexibility of HiQ The remaining pages in this chapter present tips about working with objects in HiQ 06chap03 fm Page 24 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook National Instruments Corporation 3 25 HiQ User Manual Taking Advantage of ActiveX Instead Instead of using a text object for the problem description above you might want to use a Microsoft Word document which is an ActiveX object Note There are two types of objects in HiQ native objects and ActiveX objects Native object types appear in the HiQ Tools toolbar Unlike ActiveX objects you can create access and modify regular HiQ objects in your scripts Adding an ActiveX Object to the Page To place an ActiveX object in a Notebook you can use the Edit Insert Object menu item When you insert an ActiveX object you can chose to either link the object to the original file or you can embed the object directly into HiQ In both cases the objects appear the same on the Notebook page but a linked object does not store its data in a Notebook file and an embedded object does When a linked object file changes the object displayed in the HiQ Notebook automatically updates However if the linked object file outside of the Notebook is moved or deleted the object within the Notebook is no longer visible in HiQ Figure 3 4 Insert Object Dialog Box Showing Some of the ActiveX Documents That You
100. luates an expression and places the result into a variable Syntax variable expression Syntax Descriptions See Also Multiple Assignment while Purpose Repeatedly executes a block of statements while a particular condition is true Evaluation of the condition is done before the statements are executed Syntax while condition do statements end while Name Description variable Name of a variable or a variable with specified subscript expression Any valid expression 06chap05 fm Page 27 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference HiQ User Manual 5 28 National Instruments Corporation Syntax Descriptions See Also for repeat repeat forever Name Description condition Logical expression While this expression evaluates to a non zero result the block of statements is repeatedly executed statements Zero or more statements 06chap05 fm Page 28 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM National Instruments Corporation A 1 HiQ User Manual Appendix Customer Communication For your convenience this appendix contains forms to help you gather the information necessary to help us solve your technical problems and a form you can use to comment on the product documentation When you contact us we need the information on the Technical Support Form and the configuration form if your manual contains one about your system configuration to answer your questions as quickly as po
101. ments You can omit matrix from the syntax When you omit that string HiQ assumes you are creating a matrix even if the expressions form only one row or column See Also Vector Initialization Operator Polynomial Initialization Operator Color Initialization Operator Function Initialization Operator Font Initialization Operator Name Description list A comma delimited list of algebraic expressions Vectors and matrices with either a single row or column are allowed Name Description row_list Comma delimited list of algebraic expressions Vector or matrix expressions are allowed Each row provided must have the same number of columns 06chap05 fm Page 12 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference National Instruments Corporation 5 13 HiQ User Manual Polynomial Initialization Operator Purpose Creates a polynomial from a set of expressions Syntax polynomial list Syntax Descriptions Comments Your statement must include polynomial If you omit that string HiQ assumes that you are creating a matrix You can abbreviate the word polynomial with p In the first option coefficients are taken from the list highest order first for example p 1 0 2 is the polynomial x2 2 See Also Matrix Initialization Operator Vector Initialization Operator Color Initialization Operator Function Initialization Operator Font Initialization Operator Color Initialization Operator Purpose
102. ng list ifs fors whiles repeats selects blocks 06chap05 fm Page 17 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference HiQ User Manual 5 18 National Instruments Corporation for Purpose Repeatedly executes a block of statements A counter variable updates at each iteration Syntax for counter start to finish do statements end for for counter start to finish step step_size do statements end for Syntax Descriptions Comments The algorithm ensures that round off error does not propagate while HiQ performs the iteration The counter in a for loop cannot be changed by the statements inside the for loop block In particular you must avoid passing the loop counter as a parameter in a function call to a function that modifies this value See Call by Reference See Also while repeat Name Description counter Name of variable to modify on each iteration start Expression that evaluates to an integer or real scalar counter is set to the result of the expression finish Expression that evaluates to an integer or real scalar counter is incremented by 1 or step_size if specified until it reaches the result of the expression step_size Expression that evaluates to an integer or real scalar counter is incremented by the result of the expression on each iteration statements Zero or more statements 06chap05 fm Page 18 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script
103. nt select it and click on Open 3 Use the Preview window to ensure that your data is going to import correctly If your data appears correctly in the Preview window click on Finish Otherwise take the remaining steps to customize the formatting of your data 4 To customize the formatting of your text file click on the Predefined option and select Numeric text from the list of predefined formats 5 Click on Next and then select the appropriate delimiter method 6 Click on Next again and select the appropriate type of object to create 7 When your settings are complete click on Finish in the last panel of the Import wizard Your text file is now imported as a numeric object and is accessible through the Object list Importing a Binary File as a Numeric Object To import a binary file into your Notebook as a numeric object take the following steps 1 Select Import Data from the Notebook menu 2 Navigate to the binary file you want select it and click on Open 06chap03 fm Page 4 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook National Instruments Corporation 3 5 HiQ User Manual 3 Click on the Predefined option and select Numeric binary from the list of predefined formats 4 Click on Next and select the type and byte ordering of your data 5 Click on Next again and select the appropriate type of object to create 6 When your settings are complete click on Finish
104. nual The exercises in this and the preceding chapter prepare you to create your own HiQ Notebooks The remaining chapters describe the HiQ Script language in depth Remember to consult the HiQ online help There you will find information not available in this manual such as answers to How Do I questions and comprehensive easy to use reference information regarding the HiQ built in functions 06chap03 fm Page 27 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM National Instruments Corporation 4 1 HiQ User Manual Chapter4 Understanding HiQ Script This chapter describes the HiQ Script programming language in detail focusing on HiQ objects and their attributes Introduction to HiQ Script No single analysis software package has all the algorithms that you need That is why HiQ has a built in scripting language that you can use to build the algorithm you need to solve your problem Previous experience with programming languages is useful but is not necessary HiQ Script is powerful and flexible because it draws from the most useful features of FORTRAN Pascal and C and adds access to the depths of the HiQ computation engine HiQ Script is intuitive because it uses words rather than special symbols to describe programming constructs as much as possible In some ways it is similar to pseudo code commonly used in algorithm descriptions yet you can compile and run HiQ Script The exercises in Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook can help you bec
105. of the algebraic operators Algebraic Operators Algebraic operators are symbols like and For a complete list refer to the Expression Syntax Reference section in Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference Any of the algebraic operators or precedence operators may be used in an algebraic expression Matrix and Vector Algebra Arithmetic operators for matrices include and Matrices that you add or subtract must have the same dimensions C A B D A B Remember that matrix C in the preceding example is the element by element summation of matrices A and B Matrix D is the element by element difference of matrices A and B 06chap04 fm Page 17 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 18 National Instruments Corporation Matrix multiplication follows the standard rules if A is an m n matrix and B is an n p matrix then C has the dimension m p C A B Multiplying a matrix by a scalar results in the multiplication of each element by the scalar D A s where s is a scalar The division operator denotes multiplication by an inverse F A B The following expression performs the same operation as the preceding expression F A inv B If the divisor is a scalar then the resulting matrix consists of each element of the matrix divided by the scalar Logical Expressions Logical expressions are used by flow control statem
106. oks grow you can add more pages You can also organize your work in sections that make sense for your project An Interactive Analysis Environment The HiQ Notebook includes a special type of object known as a HiQ Script object HiQ Script is the built in programming language within HiQ that allows you to access a powerful library of analysis and visualization functions With a script object on a Notebook page HiQ becomes not only a compelling documentation tool but also a highly interactive analysis environment You can build a Notebook that documents what you have done and brings the analysis to life for your reader 06chap01 fm Page 3 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 57 PM Chapter 1 Getting Started HiQ User Manual 1 4 National Instruments Corporation HiQ provides an extensive library of analysis and visualization functions that allows you to perform everything from 3D visualization to solving systems of ordinary differential equations Many times these flexible built in functions are all you need to get the results you are looking for However when you need something more you can create your own user defined functions in HiQ Script that perform exactly the kind of analysis you need for your project In addition to visualization capabilities HiQ also includes a comprehensive set of functions from the mathematical disciplines listed in this section Refer to HiQ s online help for a complete listing of all functions their usages
107. olynomial and finally select Complex to create a complex polynomial object in a Notebook bold Bold text denotes the names of menus menu items parameters dialog box buttons or options bold italic Bold italic text denotes a note caution or warning bold monospace This font emphasizes specific entities in HiQ Script such as keywords and built in functions italic Italic text denotes emphasis a cross reference or an introduction to a key concept This font also denotes text for which you supply the appropriate word or value italic_monospace Italic text in this font denotes that you must supply the appropriate words or values in the place of these items monospace Text in this font denotes text or characters that you should literally enter from the keyboard sections of code programming examples and syntax examples This font also is used for the proper names of disk drives paths directories programs subprograms subroutines device names functions operations variables filenames and extensions and for statements and comments taken from scripts and program code paths Paths in this manual are denoted using backslashes to separate drive names directories folders and files The Glossary lists abbreviations acronyms metric prefixes mnemonics symbols and terms Customer Communication National Instruments wants to receive your comments on our products and manuals We are interested in the applications
108. ome familiar with writing a HiQ script If you have not already done so you may want to complete the exercises in that chapter To create a script select the script tool in the HiQ Tools toolbar and click and drag on a Notebook page where you want the object to appear You can then immediately begin typing You find standard text editing features in the Edit menu including Cut Copy and Paste Objects in HiQ Script An object is a fundamental unit of many modern programming languages including HiQ Script You can think of an object as a data container that has a name Examples of HiQ objects include text script numeric and graphic objects Because HiQ is an ActiveX container it can contain any ActiveX object including objects from Microsoft Word and Excel 06chap04 fm Page 1 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 2 National Instruments Corporation Naming Conventions To name a variable in HiQ Script you can use all letters of the alphabet both uppercase and lowercase digits 0 9 and the underscore _ Variable names must start with a letter or an underscore In addition all names with two or more consecutive underscores are reserved for HiQ itself All names of objects and functions must be unique All names are case sensitive in HiQ Script except for names of built in functions keywords and constants For example the variable a and the variable A are two un
109. on runs Refer to the assume project and local statement descriptions in the Statement Syntax Reference section of Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference for more information Assignment Statements Use assignment statements to transfer the result of an expression to one or more variables all exitif nextrepeat and exitrepeat nextrepeatiteration assume exitselect nextwhile block exitwhile nextwhileiteration blocks false not case for or default forever project do foriteration repeat else fors repeatiteration elseif from repeats end function return endfor if select endfunction ifs selects endif iteration step endrepeat local then endselect mod to endwhile next true exit nextcase when exitall nextfor while exitblock nextforiteration whileiteration exitfor nextiteration whiles 06chap04 fm Page 20 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 21 HiQ User Manual Simple Assignment A simple assignment consists of a variable and an expression where the result of the expression is copied into the variable In the following example the result of evaluating the expression 2 3 is assigned to the variable a a 2 3 Any valid algebraic expression may appear on the right side of an assignment The left side may be a variable a variable with a subscript operator or a variable with an attri
110. oolbar then click and drag on the Notebook page where you want the new graph to appear as shown in the following figure Figure 3 1 Clicking and Dragging to Place a 2D Graph Object on a Notebook Page 06chap03 fm Page 6 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook National Instruments Corporation 3 7 HiQ User Manual Figure 3 2 A 2D Graph Object in Place and in Active Editing Mode Plotting a HiQ Data Object Add a new plot to the graph as described in the following steps 1 Right click on the graph and select New Plot 2 Select Data as the range for your graph and click on the Browse button to the right 3 Select the matrix rainfall choose column two and click on OK 4 Select Data as the domain for your graph and click on the Browse button to the right 5 Select the matrix rainfall choose column one and click on OK 6 Click on OK to add the new plot The graph now contains a line plot representing the rainfall for 11 years 06chap03 fm Page 7 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook HiQ User Manual 3 8 National Instruments Corporation Modifying the Graph and Plot Many times the reports and presentations you create require graphs with special formatting With HiQ you can format your graphs to match your needs In this example rainfall data might better be represented by a bar graph To modify the attributes of a plot and graph take th
111. ou add to a graph The following example script creates a new graph with a new plot and then adds a second plot to the same graph The first line creates a two dimensional plot myPlot1 of the vectors x and y in a new graph myGraph The second line adds a two dimensional plot myPlot2 of the vectors x and z to the existing graph myGraph myGraph myPlot1 createGraph x y myPlot2 addPlot myGraph x z The previous script returns the plot handles myPlot1 and myPlot2 You can use these plot handles to access the attributes of the plots Because embedded plots are not HiQ objects your script must access embedded plot attributes through the graph object using the object attribute notation the dot syntax The following example changes the line color of myPlot1 to red and the line style of myPlot2 to dashed myGraph plot myPlot1 line color lt red gt myGraph plot myPlot2 line style lt dashline gt You can also change the data of an existing embedded plot using the plot handle and addPlot The following example changes the data plotted in myPlot1 myPlot1 addPlot myGraph myPlot1 x z 06chap04 fm Page 12 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 13 HiQ User Manual Graph Objects The createGraph function creates 2D or 3D graph objects and optionally embeds a new plot in the graph The following code creates an empty 2D graph MyGraph
112. ou created in the Analyzing Data with HiQ Script section 1 Right click on a blank portion of the Notebook page and select Object List 2 Select the text object called s 3 Click on New View A new view of the object appears on the Notebook page 4 Click on Close 06chap03 fm Page 16 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook National Instruments Corporation 3 17 HiQ User Manual You have placed a text object on the Notebook page to accept input of an expression Now create the required scalar objects for the start stop and number of steps settings 1 Click on the Real Scalar tool in the HiQ Tools toolbar 2 Click and drag an area for the object on the Notebook page 3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to create two more scalar objects 4 Position and size these objects as shown in the following figure Note You can select one or more objects by clicking and dragging a box that touches the items you want to select A border and resizing handles appear for the object s You can then reposition the object s by clicking and dragging on one of the selected objects When you use the resizing handles of one object while others are selected all selected objects resize Note You can easily align and size groups of objects by selecting them right clicking on one and choosing Align 06chap03 fm Page 17 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook HiQ User Manua
113. p poly 3 2 1 result integrate p 1 1 Text Objects You can set text objects also called strings to any combination of ASCII characters The following statement sets the variable text to the value HiQ text HiQ 06chap04 fm Page 10 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 11 HiQ User Manual Note Unlike statements a single text value enclosed in quotation marks cannot extend across multiple lines of HiQ Script The following syntax is not valid in HiQ Script because it extends across multiple lines text HiQ Numerical Analysis You can concatenate add together text strings text1 Numerical text2 Analysis text3 text1 text2 In the preceding example text3 would become NumericalAnalysis To add a space between the words you must explicitly place it there as follows text3 text1 text2 Several HiQ constants such as lt CR gt lt LF gt and lt CRLF gt can be used to insert special characters in a text object For example the following statement creates a text object with two lines text text1 lt CRLF gt text2 You can compare strings using the standard ASCII sequence and the HiQ Script comparison operators Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference lists and describes all operators text1 abc text2 def text3 ABC In a comparison text2 would be greater than text
114. presents the increase of U S population over time 06chap02 fm Page 3 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 2 Using a Notebook HiQ User Manual 2 4 National Instruments Corporation Two objects are visible on the Notebook page the graph the text box and the script However these are not the only objects in this Notebook as you will learn in the next section Scroll through the script to get a feel for how HiQ performs analysis In this example a single function fit performs the data fitting analysis You can access most analysis capability in HiQ through calls to single functions like fit Viewing the Object List Many but not all objects in a Notebook may appear on the Notebook page To see all objects in any Notebook perform the following steps 1 Right click on a blank portion of the Notebook 2 Select Object List from the pop up menu 06chap02 fm Page 4 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 2 Using a Notebook National Instruments Corporation 2 5 HiQ User Manual The Object list contains all objects in the active Notebook You may wonder where the objects that are not visible on the Notebook page came from With the exception of the graph and HiQ Script objects all the objects in the list resulted from the execution of the script As you can see objects do not have to be visible to exist within a Notebook Note Any object created by a script exists in the Notebook and appears in the O
115. r range of elements For example you identify an element in row 3 column 4 of a matrix A as A 3 4 You may use that element in an expression as follows z 4 A 3 4 sin theta Also you may assign a value to that element A 3 4 2 5 06chap04 fm Page 7 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 8 National Instruments Corporation You can access elements of a vector v similarly as shown in following expression which multiplies an element from a matrix and an element from a vector y A 3 4 v 2 You refer to the entire dimension of a vector or matrix by using an asterisk for an index For example you refer to all the elements of the third column of a matrix A as A 3 A range of elements in a vector or matrix is accessed using a range for an index A range is defined using the colon and an optional starting index and ending index For example the range 1 5 refers to elements one through five You can also use the asterisk to mean first when you place it to the left of the colon and last when you place it to the right of the colon For example the range 5 refers to elements five through the last element whereas the range 6 refers to the first element through element six If you omit a starting or ending index then first element and last element are assumed respectively Thus when you refer to a range of colon you des
116. rameter Many of the HiQ built in functions accept as a parameter the name of another function For instance the function derivative has the following general form derivative function x n h The parameter function must specify the name of a HiQ built in function or the name of a function that a user has defined If you want to pass the name of a user defined function as a parameter you must have a compiled script containing the function definition The function name is recognized if it appears in the Object list Using the example of the derivative function assume you have previously compiled a script containing the following function definition function myfunc x return 3 x 3 2 x 2 end function 06chap04 fm Page 30 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 31 HiQ User Manual It is now possible to write a script calling the function derivative passing myfunc as a parameter y derivative myfunc 4 0 2 0 01 If you use the preceding line of script within a function you must declare the parameter myfunc as project as in the following example This completed example building on the previous two shows the correct code for referring to a user defined function within another user defined function function calls_myfunc y project myfunc return derivative myfunc y 2 0 01 end function If you omit the project statement the call to funct
117. rd and Excel use A main window exists within which multiple HiQ Notebooks may reside You can maximize overlay or tile the Notebook windows you open Interacting with a Notebook and Running Scripts A well designed Notebook should be self documenting describing how to interact with the Notebook Interaction may be as simple as entering a start time and a stop time for simulation of a system of differential equations Or a Notebook might instruct you to choose a data file to import in order to calculate and graph the amount of rainfall in a particular area Most Notebooks include scripts that you can run to solve the type of mathematical or visualization problem the Notebook was designed to handle Note To execute a script you right click on it and select Run 06chap01 fm Page 7 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 57 PM Chapter 1 Getting Started HiQ User Manual 1 8 National Instruments Corporation Accessing Online Help HiQ offers tooltips context sensitive help and online help that you can access in the following ways You can access HiQ Online Help by selecting HiQ Help Topics from the Help menu There you find information not available in this manual such as answers to How Do I questions and comprehensive easy to use reference information regarding HiQ s built in functions Tooltips appear when you move the mouse cursor over a button in any toolbar The text of the tooltip tells you what the button does
118. red with the following settings redColor color 200 0 0 A medium green and blue would require the following settings greenColor color 0 200 0 blueColor color 0 0 200 The valid range of colors is from 0 to 255 Values outside this range are automatically rounded up or down to the range boundary Note If you are running in 256 color mode the color you request is matched to the nearest available color 06chap04 fm Page 15 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 16 National Instruments Corporation Font You use a font object mainly to set the font attributes of graphs and plots To create a font use the font initialization syntax specifying the font name as a string and the font size as an integer Courier10 font courier 10 Object Attributes You can use the attribute operator in HiQ Script to access most attributes of objects The attribute operator is a period followed by the attribute name For example if you want to find the type of an object use the type attribute if a type lt integer gt then doSomething else doSomethingElse end if To get the number of rows in a matrix use the rows attribute for i 1 to A rows do end for Refer to the Object Attribute Reference section in HiQ Online Help for a complete list Expressions Expressions are an integral part of statements Every statement uses expre
119. roblems without the user having to change the script You can transform your Notebook to an interactive problem solver by performing the steps in the following section Upgrading a Notebook to a Problem Solver To upgrade My Expression Evaluator Notebook to a problem solver you need to address three main topics How will the user provide input for the Notebook What kind of analysis should the Notebook perform for the data How do I want to present the results of the analysis Providing Input to the Problem Solver Consider what input is needed to execute the script You probably already guessed that you need an object that accepts a mathematical expression but you may also want to allow a user to input the number of plotted points and the interval of the domain By giving users the option to change the interval of the domain you give them the ability to alter the smoothness of the plotted curve You can use a text object for input of the expression and scalar objects for the input of numeric values 06chap03 fm Page 15 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook HiQ User Manual 3 16 National Instruments Corporation A text object already exists in the Object list to contain the mathematical expression Although it currently contains the expression x tan x you can establish this object as an input object where users can enter a new expression to be evaluated Start with the Notebook y
120. romoting would result in a loss of precision This promotion makes expressions such as 1 3 result in a real number rather than an integer unlike most programming languages If you really did want an integer result you can force the expression back to integer by using the int function For example int 1 3 would result in the value 0 Note Automatic data type promotion makes it easier to program with HiQ Script but also increases execution time To learn how to improve performance of your HiQ scripts read the Performance Issues section later in this chapter Complex Numeric Types You can reference the real and complex parts of a complex object using object attribute notation the dot syntax For example you set a variable to the real part of a complex scalar z as follows realPartofZ z r Table 4 2 Characteristics of Numeric Objects Numeric Types Integer Real Complex 32 bit signed integer Range 2147483648 to 2147483647 64 bit floating point numbers Range 1 7976931348623159e 308 to 1 7976931348623159e 308 Two 64 bit floating point numbers Object Types Scalar Vector Matrix A single numeric value A 1D array of numeric values A 2D array of numeric values 06chap04 fm Page 5 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 6 National Instruments Corporation Conversely to set the real part of the complex scalar z to the current v
121. s 3 19 to 3 21 activating objects note 3 19 example of script 3 20 modifying the script 3 19 to 3 20 running the script 3 20 status bar information note 3 21 11index fm Page 6 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 04 PM Index National Instruments Corporation I 7 HiQ User Manual expression evaluator example 2 5 to 2 7 entering data and running script 2 6 to 2 7 illustration 2 6 finishing touches 3 21 properties setting note 3 21 property pages 3 22 to 3 24 accessing Properties dialog box 3 22 changing properties 3 23 to 3 24 providing input 3 15 to 3 19 prompts for users 3 18 renaming objects note 3 19 scalar object creation 3 17 selecting one or more objects note 3 17 sizing objects note 3 17 text object creation 3 16 to 3 17 project statement 5 23 properties setting note 3 21 property pages 3 22 to 3 24 accessing Properties dialog box 3 22 changing properties 3 23 to 3 24 R repeat forever statement 5 24 to 5 25 repeat statement purpose and use 4 23 syntax and description 5 24 return statement purpose and use 4 26 to 4 27 syntax and description 5 25 right side unary algebraic operators 5 8 to 5 9 S scalar object types 4 6 scope of variables 4 3 script objects 4 14 scripts See HiQ Script select statement purpose and use 4 24 to 4 25 syntax and description 5 26 simple assignment 4 21 5 27 statement syntax reference 5 16 to 5 28 assume 5 16 to 5 17 exit 5 17
122. s 1 7 interacting with Notebooks 1 7 running scripts 1 7 working with multiple windows 1 7 expression evaluator problem solver 2 5 to 2 7 entering data and running script 2 6 to 2 7 illustration 2 6 interactive analysis environment 1 3 to 1 6 data fitting and interpolation 1 4 differential equations 1 5 differentiation 1 6 integration 1 5 linear algebra functionality 1 4 nonlinear analysis 1 5 optimization routines 1 5 polynomials 1 6 statistics 1 5 objects See also objects important points 2 2 interacting with objects 2 1 organizational tool 1 3 numbers formatting 4 34 to 4 35 numeric objects 4 5 to 4 10 automatic data type promotion 4 5 case sensitivity of function and variable names note 4 6 characteristics table 4 5 complex numeric types 4 5 to 4 6 importing files binary files 3 4 to 3 5 text files 3 4 polynomials 4 10 scalar object types 4 6 11index fm Page 5 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 04 PM Index HiQ User Manual I 6 National Instruments Corporation vector and matrix object types 4 6 to 4 10 automatic typing and dimensioning 4 9 to 4 10 default keyword in initializer syntax note 4 7 initializing 4 6 to 4 7 subscripting 4 7 to 4 9 O Object list illustration 2 5 objects with local scope note 2 5 selecting 2 4 objects See also ActiveX objects HiQ Script attribute operator 4 16 characteristics table 4 4 colors 4 15 definition 1 3 font objects 4
123. s a 1x4 matrix 06chap04 fm Page 6 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 7 HiQ User Manual To create a vector add the vector keyword or the letter v and a colon after the left curly brace and before the data as in the following examples a vector 1 2 3 4 or a v 1 2 3 4 a four element vector Refer to Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference for a detailed discussion of these issues in the Vector Initialization Operator and Matrix Initialization Operator sections Note The default keyword in the initializer syntax is matrix As with any other statement you can split the expression across multiple lines For example a matrix assignment would be more readable if it were written in the following form A matrix 1 1 1 1 When you initialize a matrix within a for loop HiQ automatically dimensions the object Instead of relying on this automatic dimensioning you can set the dimensions of your matrix as in the following statements A matrix 0 Makes A an integer matrix A rows m A cols n A is the name of your matrix and m is the number of rows and n is the number of columns in your object Subscripting Often you need to access a single element or a range of elements in a vector or matrix In HiQ Script you use square brackets containing an index for vectors or two indices for matrices to reference any element o
124. s any non zero integer In addition keep in mind that the keywords true and false evaluate to 1 and 0 respectively Table 4 1 Characteristics of Objects Object Type Description Numeric A scalar vector or matrix composed of integer real or complex numbers See Table 4 2 Text A text string of any length This is a text string Plot A graphical representation of a single function or data set Graph A graphical representation of a collection of plots Can be 2D or 3D graphs Script An executable script Polynomial A special function of one variable x in multiple powers for example 3x2 2x 10 A polynomial can be real or complex Font Contains a string for the font name and an integer for the font size Color Contains three integers representing the red green and blue components of a color 06chap04 fm Page 4 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 5 HiQ User Manual Numeric Objects Numeric object types are divided into two categories numeric type integer real or complex and object type scalar vector or matrix HiQ has nine numeric object types integer real and complex scalars vectors and matrices and two polynomial types real and complex polynomials Automatic Data Type Promotion Within the numeric object group HiQ promotes the data type of an object automatically HiQ promotes a data type when not p
125. ssible National Instruments has technical assistance through electronic fax and telephone systems to quickly provide the information you need Our electronic services include a bulletin board service an FTP site a Fax on Demand system and e mail support If you have a hardware or software problem first try the electronic support systems If the information available on these systems does not answer your questions we offer fax and telephone support through our technical support centers which are staffed by applications engineers Electronic Services National Instruments has BBS and FTP sites dedicated for 24 hour support with a collection of files and documents to answer most common customer questions From these sites you can also download the latest instrument drivers updates and example programs For recorded instructions on how to use the bulletin board and FTP services and for BBS automated information call 512 795 6990 You can access these services at United States 512 794 5422 Up to 14 400 baud 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity United Kingdom 01635 551422 Up to 9 600 baud 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity France 01 48 65 15 59 Up to 9 600 baud 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity To access our FTP site log on to our Internet host ftp natinst com as anonymous and use your Internet address such as joesmith anywhere com as your password The support files and documents are located in the support directories
126. ssions of one form or another An expression consists of a combination of objects constants and operators There are two major types of expressions algebraic and logical a b c is an example of an algebraic expression a lt b is an example of a logical expression Operator Precedence Operators in expressions have a defined precedence When precedence is equal evaluation is from left to right To override the default precedence use parentheses as in the following example a b c 06chap04 fm Page 16 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 17 HiQ User Manual In the preceding expression the addition takes place first Without the parentheses the multiplication takes place first because it has a higher precedence than addition For more information see the Precedence Operator section in Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference Function Calls There are two types of function calls built in functions and user defined functions You use the syntax shown in the following example to call either type of function a sin x sin is a HiQ built in function function f x return x 2 end function a f x f is a user defined function which returns x2 equivalent to x 2 in a script as the result Algebraic Expressions Algebraic expressions are used in most places that take expressions An algebraic expression is any expression that uses any
127. t types and valid operators Right Side Unary Algebraic Operators Purpose Modifies the expression located to the left of the operator Syntax algebraic_expression operator Object Type Integer Scalar x x Real Scalar x x Complex Scalar x x Integer Vector x x Real Vector x x Complex Vector x x Integer Matrix x x Real Matrix x x Complex Matrix x x Polynomial x x 06chap05 fm Page 8 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference National Instruments Corporation 5 9 HiQ User Manual Syntax Descriptions Comments Not all operators are valid for all object types The following table shows object types and valid operators Unary Logical Operators Purpose Inverts the logical expression located to the right of the operator Syntax not logical_expression Name Description algebraic_ expression Any valid algebraic expression operator Operator from the following list Matrix or vector conjugate transpose an apostrophe Object Type Integer Vector x Real Vector x Complex Vector x Integer Matrix x Real Matrix x Complex Matrix x 06chap05 fm Page 9 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 01 PM Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference HiQ User Manual 5 10 National Instruments Corporation Syntax Descriptions Comments Not all operators are valid for all object types The following table shows valid operators for each obje
128. t wizard follow the steps in the next three sections Note The Import wizard dialog box includes many advanced settings for data format which you can access by clicking on the Next and Back buttons Click on the Finish button in the last option panel to accept all your settings Importing a Text File as a Text Object To import a text file into your Notebook take the following steps 1 Select Import Data from the Notebook menu 2 Navigate to the text file you want select it and click on Open 06chap03 fm Page 3 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook HiQ User Manual 3 4 National Instruments Corporation 3 From the Import wizard select the appropriate import options a If the file has a txt extension click on Finish when you are ready to import the file b If the file is not a txt file click on the Predefined option and select Text from the list of predefined formats Click on Finish when you are ready to import the file Your text file is now imported as a text object and is accessible through the Object list Note You can use the data preview window of the Import wizard to inspect how the data is imported in case you need to modify the import settings Importing a Text File as a Numeric Object To import a text file into your Notebook as a numeric object take the following steps 1 Select Import Data from the Notebook menu 2 Navigate to the text file you wa
129. tatements 4 25 to 4 27 exit 4 26 5 17 next 4 25 5 22 to 5 23 return 4 26 to 4 27 5 25 bulletin board support A 1 C call by reference 4 29 to 4 30 color for Notebook See property pages color initialization operator purpose and use 4 15 syntax and description 5 13 to 5 14 comments in scripts 4 3 complex numeric types 4 5 to 4 6 constants 4 3 creating Notebooks See Notebook creation customer communication xiv A 1 to A 2 D data fitting example 2 2 to 2 5 object list 2 4 to 2 5 opening Notebook 2 2 to 2 3 running scripts 2 3 to 2 4 overview 1 4 11index fm Page 1 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 04 PM Index HiQ User Manual I 2 National Instruments Corporation declaration statements 4 20 Delete View and Delete Object menu items figure 3 26 deleting ActiveX objects 3 25 to 3 26 object from notebook 3 26 views of objects 3 26 differential equations 1 5 differentiation capability 1 6 documentation accessing online help xi xii conventions used in HiQ documentation xiii xiv organization of HiQ online help xii organization of user manual xiii overview of HiQ documentation xi E electronic support services A 1 to A 2 e mail support A 2 embedded plots 4 12 error messages displaying 4 33 to 4 34 example notebooks See Notebook use exit statement purpose and use 4 26 syntax and description 5 17 Export wizard note 3 5 expression evaluator problem solver 2 5 to 2 7 entering data
130. te 4 4 logical operators 4 18 binary 5 5 to 5 7 unary not 5 9 to 5 10 11index fm Page 4 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 04 PM Index National Instruments Corporation I 5 HiQ User Manual M manual See documentation matrix initialization operator 5 12 matrix object types See vector and matrix object types multiple assignment 4 21 N naming conventions for objects 4 2 next statement purpose and use 4 25 syntax and description 5 22 to 5 23 nonlinear analysis capability 1 5 Notebook creation See also problem solver analyzing data with HiQ Script 3 11 to 3 15 entering scripts 3 12 to 3 14 running script and viewing output 3 14 to 3 15 Export wizard note 3 5 importing data into HiQ 3 1 to 3 5 binary file as numeric object 3 4 to 3 5 custom import mode 3 5 Import wizard 3 1 Import wizard dialog box note 3 3 procedure 3 2 to 3 3 text file as numeric object 3 4 text file as text object 3 3 to 3 4 visualizing rainfall data 2D graph 3 5 to 3 9 creating a graph 3 6 to 3 7 modifying graph and plot 3 8 plotting HiQ data object 3 7 working with multiple plots 3 8 to 3 9 visualizing seismic data 3D graph 3 9 to 3 11 modifying 3D graph and plot 3 10 to 3 11 rotating and zooming 3 11 steps 3 9 Notebook use See also problem solver ActiveX environment 1 6 data fitting example 2 2 to 2 5 object list 2 4 to 2 5 opening Notebook 2 2 to 2 3 running scripts 2 3 to 2 4 example notebook
131. tebook use Getting Started Tutorial 1 8 installing HiQ 1 1 to 1 2 11index fm Page 2 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 04 PM Index National Instruments Corporation I 3 HiQ User Manual launching HiQ 1 2 learning HiQ 1 2 to 1 3 system requirements 1 1 graphical objects 4 12 to 4 13 embedded plots 4 12 graph objects 4 13 plot objects 4 13 visualizing rainfall data 2D graph 3 5 to 3 9 creating a graph 3 6 to 3 7 modifying graph and plot 3 8 plotting HiQ data object 3 7 working with multiple plots 3 8 to 3 9 visualizing seismic data 3D graph 3 9 to 3 11 modifying 3D graph and plot 3 10 to 3 11 rotating and zooming 3 11 steps 3 9 H help See online help Help menu 1 8 highlighting syntax 4 3 HiQ installing 1 1 to 1 2 launching 1 2 learning to use 1 2 to 1 3 system requirements 1 1 HiQ Notebook See Notebook creation Notebook use HiQ Script See also objects analyzing data with HiQ Script 3 11 to 3 15 entering scripts 3 12 to 3 14 running script and viewing output 3 14 to 3 15 case sensitivity of function and variable names note 4 6 comments 4 3 connecting script to input objects 3 19 to 3 21 activating objects note 3 19 example of script 3 20 modifying the script 3 19 to 3 20 running the script 3 20 status bar information note 3 21 constants 4 3 expression syntax reference 5 1 to 5 16 attribute operator 5 2 to 5 3 binary algebraic operators 5 3 to 5 5 binary lo
132. tion Linear programming Statistics HiQ offers a complete set of descriptive statistics you can use to analyze a set of data Mean standard deviation variance covariance correlation and more Cumulative distribution and probability density functions of several types Histogram quartile and range Differential Equations Dynamic systems such as the motion of an object the results of a chemical reaction and the reaction of complex economic systems can all be described by a set of differential equations HiQ can solve several types of differential equations including the following types Nonlinear initial value problems including stiff systems Linear and nonlinear boundary value problems Nonlinear Analysis HiQ s nonlinear analysis capability includes the following items Roots of polynomials and nonlinear functions Solving a system of nonlinear equations Integration HiQ s integration capability includes the following items Data integration Nonlinear function integration Polynomial integration 06chap01 fm Page 5 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 57 PM Chapter 1 Getting Started HiQ User Manual 1 6 National Instruments Corporation Differentiation HiQ s differentiation capability includes the following items Numeric multiple derivatives and partial derivatives Gradient Laplacian Jacobian and Hessian Polynomial deriva
133. tion f x return sin x end function 06chap04 fm Page 26 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 27 HiQ User Manual The return statement does not require an expression For example you can use a return statement to exit from the middle of a function that does not have a return value function f x if x 1 then x 2 return end if for i 1 to 20 do x x 1 end for end function In the following example the return statement which does not include an expression in this case is not necessary because it is implied by the end function statement function f x return end function The following example code has the same return behavior as the preceding example function f x end function User Defined Functions In HiQ Script you can create user defined functions After you compile a script that contains user defined functions these functions become objects available for use in any script in the Notebook For example if you compile a script aScript in which you define two functions f and g three new function objects result f g and aScript_Run Remember unlike other objects you cannot edit or place function objects on a Notebook page To modify these objects you must edit the script that defines them then recompile the script Defining Functions A function may be defined in the same script in which it is called or in any
134. tives Polynomials HiQ has a native polynomial object that makes polynomial algebra as easy as linear algebra With this object you can easily work with polynomials without having to worry about the degree Polynomial functions return polynomial objects and include the following items Complete polynomial algebra using the natural intuitive polynomial syntax in HiQ Script All polynomial math including inverse greatest common divisor and least common multiple and more Integration Differentiation ActiveX Environment A HiQ Notebook is both an ActiveX container and an ActiveX object This means that you can embed into HiQ any ActiveX object such as a Word document or an Excel Notebook Or if you prefer you can embed a HiQ document as an object in other ActiveX containers If analysis and visualization is your focus prepare your technical report directly in HiQ embedding Word or other ActiveX documents as necessary On the other hand if you are preparing a lengthy written technical report and prefer using Microsoft Word you can embed a HiQ document directly in your Word document ActiveX lets you work in your favorite environments If you prefer WordPad or Word or prefer the charting capabilities of Excel use objects from these applications within your HiQ Notebook If you are a software developer and recognize a market niche that HiQ can help you fill create your own ActiveX object and use HiQ as your cont
135. ts appears in the HiQ Constant Reference section of HiQ Online Help Syntax Highlighting The script object offers a variety of syntax highlighting options you can set to make your script more readable You access these options in the Properties dialog box of any script object under the View tab You can change the font and font characteristics of the main script comments keywords built in functions and constants 06chap04 fm Page 3 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script HiQ User Manual 4 4 National Instruments Corporation Introduction to HiQ Object Types All objects in HiQ have a specific object type For example a Notebook may contain a graph object a plot object a script object and several matrix objects HiQ automatically manages the object type of an object as necessary This means you do not have to explicitly declare an object type for an object such as integer scalar real matrix or 3D graph For example if you wish to evaluate y 2 x where x is an integer scalar HiQ automatically gives y the object type integer scalar If x is a real number HiQ makes y a real number If y already exists as a real matrix it is automatically changed to a real scalar For more details see the Automatic Data Type Promotion section that follows in this chapter Note A logical object type is not available in HiQ You can implement the logical type by representing false as an integer zero and true a
136. ulates each element using the function f and the vector x The size attribute of the vector x is used as the upper limit of the for loop All loops and iteration statements are automatically bolded in HiQ Script Code Block 4 graph1 plot1 createGraph x y graph1 plot plot1 line color lt green gt graph1 title s This final block creates a graph to display the created plot of vectors x and y Notice that when you enter the color constant the text color becomes magenta All HiQ constants are magenta colored by default in HiQ Script There are many HiQ constants available in HiQ Script and not all pertain to mathematics The constant used above specifies the plotted line color lt green gt Notice that on the second and third lines the syntax for variable assignment is slightly different In these cases you are actually assigning a specified attribute of each variable For 06chap03 fm Page 13 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook HiQ User Manual 3 14 National Instruments Corporation instance on the second line you access the line color attribute of plot1 and set it to the constant lt green gt Object attributes and constants are discussed in more detail in Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script Note The Edit menu includes Undo and Redo commands that give you a chance to undo and repeat your actions You can undo and repeat most of your actions in HiQ Closing a Notebook clears the buf
137. umbers 4 34 Chapter 5 HiQ Script Reference Expression Syntax Reference 5 1 Precedence Operator 5 1 Attribute Operator 5 2 Binary Algebraic Operators 5 3 Binary Logical Operators 5 5 Left Side Unary Algebraic Operators 5 7 Right Side Unary Algebraic Operators 5 8 Unary Logical Operators 5 9 Subscript Operator 5 10 Vector Initialization Operator 5 11 Matrix Initialization Operator 5 12 Polynomial Initialization Operator 5 13 Color Initialization Operator 5 13 Function Initialization Operator
138. vers folder within the HiQ folder 3 Select the file Expression Evaluator HiQ and click on Open Entering Data and Running Scripts This Notebook can evaluate any mathematical expression and display its behavior graphically Unlike the Population Fit Notebook objects in the Expression Evaluator Notebook accept input from a user The user enters a mathematical expression the number of points to plot and the interval of the domain 06chap02 fm Page 6 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 2 Using a Notebook National Instruments Corporation 2 7 HiQ User Manual 1 Enter the mathematical expression sin x cos x into the text object 2 Follow the instructions in the Notebook that tell you how to run the script The expression you entered is fed into the numerical algorithm contained within the script The plot that appears when you run the script is a graphical representation of the mathematical expression sin x cos x that you entered To observe the role of the numeric input of this Notebook enter various values for the domain interval and number of plotted points and rerun the script Enter other mathematical expressions and run this Notebook to see how they display Keep in mind that you must use valid operators and valid HiQ built in functions In this example your expression must be in terms of x Consult HiQ Online Help for complete descriptions of operators and built in functions Chapter 5 HiQ Script Referen
139. which is located by default on the right edge of the HiQ interface 2 On the Notebook page click and drag to define the area for the new script object Entering Your Script HiQ Script is the programming language for HiQ you use to analyze a wide range of scientific or engineering problems In this exercise you will enter a block of code that numerically evaluates a mathematical expression and plots the calculated data on a graph Unlike many other programming languages HiQ Script is relatively easy to use and learn 06chap03 fm Page 12 Tuesday November 26 1996 3 58 PM Chapter 3 Creating a Notebook National Instruments Corporation 3 13 HiQ User Manual Note HiQ automatically highlights selected elements of HiQ Script The Syntax Highlighting section of Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script tells you about highlighting Enter the following script into the script object A description follows each block of code Code Block 1 s x tan x f funct x s This block of code converts the string x tan x into a mathematical function f Code Block 2 x seq 1 10 02 This block of code creates the x vector with elements in the interval 1 10 spaced every 02 units All built in functions such as seq have the default color of blue to differentiate them from other code Code Block 3 for i 1 to x size step 1 do y i f x i endfor Here you create the y vector using a for loop that calc
140. wing steps reproduce the problem ____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 09ccapp fm Page 3 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 02 PM HiQ Hardware and Software Configuration Form Record the settings and revisions of your hardware and software on the line to the right of each item Complete a new copy of this form each time you revise your software or hardware configuration and use this form as a reference for your current configuration Completing this form accurately before contacting National Instruments for technical support helps our applications engineers answer your questions more efficiently National Instruments Products DAQ hardware _______________________________________________________________ Interrupt level of hardware ______________________________________________________ DMA channels of hardware _____________________________________________________ Base I O address of hardware ____________________________________________________ Programming choice ___________________________________________________________ HiQ NI DAQ Lab
141. y 30 seconds the script prompts the user to ask if he or she wants to continue waiting start timer last start repeat forever fileID open c temp key dat r if fileID lt gt 1 then exit repeat end if now timer if now last gt 30 then if warning Continue waiting 0 then exit repeat end if last now end if wait 1 end repeat Formatting Numbers Under certain conditions you may want to format a number into a string for use in a dialog box or other situation The built in function toText performs these conversions The toText function takes two parameters The first parameter is the number to format and the second 06chap04 fm Page 34 Tuesday November 26 1996 4 00 PM Chapter 4 Understanding HiQ Script National Instruments Corporation 4 35 HiQ User Manual parameter is an optional format string The syntax of the optional format string is identical to that used for the built in functions import and export The following examples show toText in action Formatting an integer myIntString will be 10 myIntString toText 10 Formatting a real myRealString will be 1 2 myRealString toText 1 2 Formatting a real specifying precision myRealString will be 1 200 myRealString toText 1 2 p3 Formatting specifying scientific format myRealString will be 1 200e0 myRealString toText 1 2 e p3 Formatting a
142. you develop with our products and we want to help if you have problems with them To make it easy for you to contact us this manual contains comment and configuration forms for you to complete You can find these forms in the Appendix Customer Communication at the end of this manual 05atm fm Page xiv Tuesday November 26 1996 3 57 PM National Instruments Corporation 1 1 HiQ User Manual Chapter1 Getting Started This chapter tells you how to install and launch HiQ and suggests ways to learn exactly what you need to know to begin analyzing your data and visualizing solutions System Requirements HiQ requires the follwing minimum system configuration Windows 95 or Windows NT 486 CPU with coprocessor 8 MB RAM with Windows 95 16 MB RAM with Windows NT 256 color 640 by 480 VGA display 20 MB free disk space The following specifications are the recommended system configuration for HiQ Windows 95 or Windows NT 4 0 Pentium 90 or higher 16 MB RAM with Windows 95 32 MB RAM with Windows NT 24 bit color 1024 by 768 display 20 MB free disk space Installing HiQ Take the following steps to install HiQ Installing from Disks 1 Insert disk 1 in the 3 5 inch floppy drive of your computer 2 Double click on Setup exe in a Desktop window or in Windows Explorer to run the installation routine 3 Follow the Setup instructions you see on your screen

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